essay about evergreen india

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Tropical Evergreen Forest in India - UPSC Ecology & Environment Notes

Tropical Evergreen forests are a dominant part of the Natural vegetation in India. They flourish in the areas having more than 200 cm of rainfall. Types of forests form an important part of the Indian Geography syllabus for IAS Exam  and tropical evergreen forest is one of them.

This article will provide details about the topical evergreen forests also called tropical rainforests.

Introduction to Tropical Evergreen Forests

The evergreen forests are essential in not only promoting greenery on the planet, but they are also useful in the continual survival of animals and plants in the forest ecosystem. The trees are evergreen as there is no period of drought. They are mostly tall and hardwood.

Tropical Evergreen Forests – Characteristics

Learn to identify the tropical evergreen forests, a type of  natural vegetation , through the points given below:

Tropical Evergreen Forest – Geographical Location

These forests are found on the eastern and western slopes of the Western Ghats.

The states where these forests are predominantly identified are :

• Maharashtra
• Arunachal Pradesh
• West Bengal
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

There are quite a few different plants and animals that exist in harmony with one another for the continual survival of the species. This co-existing system of plants and animals leads to the existence of a biome. A biome is the collection of all wildlife and plants that coexist in a certain environment defined by certain geographical boundaries.

Tropical Evergreen Forests Host Varieties of Plants & Animals

The different types of animals that live in the evergreen forests are usually of a certain type such as indigenous birds like owls, hawks, cardinals, and even some mammals such as deers, possums, and raccoons.

In India, evergreen forests are primarily located in states such as Karnataka and even Kerala. The Western Ghats are the primary location of the evergreen forest. The forests mainly contain trees such as rosewood, mahogany, and ebony.

This article provides relevant information about the tropical evergreen forests and their characteristic features. This topic is relevant for UPSC 2024  and other government exams.

FAQ about Tropical Evergreen Forest in India

What is the another name of tropical evergreen forest, which is the largest evergreen forest in the world.

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Tropical Evergreen Forests in India, Map, Types, Characteristics

The tropical evergreen forest in India is essential to the wildlife ecosystem, which is known for providing natural habitat to many species of birds, animals, and insects.

Table of Contents

Tropical Evergreen Forests

The tropical evergreen forest in India is essential to the wildlife ecosystem, which is known for providing natural habitat to many species of birds, animals, and insects, particularly endangered species such as owls, hawks, cardinals, and mammals such as possums, racoons, deer, and others. There are also several trees and medicinal herbs found only in the tropical evergreen forest.

The tropical evergreen forests of India can be found along the western Ghats, the greater Assam region in the northeast, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, and the peninsular Indian coastline. The tropical evergreen forests of India, their characteristics, the animal and plant species found in these forests, and their geographical location are all discussed below.

What is Tropical Evergreen Forest?

Tropical in India, evergreen forests dominate the natural vegetation. They thrive in areas with more than 200 cm of rainfall. Evergreen forests are critical not only for promoting greenery on the planet but also for the survival of animals and plants in the forest ecosystem. Because there is no drought, the trees are evergreen. They’re mostly tall and made of hardwood.

Characteristics of Tropical Evergreen Forest

Tropical evergreen forests are characterized by the following:

• High Rainfall:  Tropical evergreen forests receive an average of 2000 mm of rainfall per year. This high rainfall allows the trees to grow tall and lush.
• Dense Vegetation:  Tropical evergreen forests are very dense, with trees growing close together and creating a canopy that blocks out most of the sunlight. This creates a humid and shady environment.
• Wide Variety of Plant and Animal Life:  Tropical evergreen forests are home to a wide variety of plants and animals, including trees, shrubs, herbs, ferns, mosses, insects, birds, mammals, and reptiles.
• Multi-layered Structure : Tropical evergreen forests are typically multi-layered, with different types of plants and animals occupying different layers of the forest. The tallest trees form the canopy, which blocks out most of the sunlight. Below the canopy is a layer of smaller trees and shrubs, followed by a layer of herbs and ferns. The forest floor is covered in a thick layer of leaf litter and fallen branches.
• Abundant Epiphytes : Epiphytes are plants that grow on other plants, but do not derive nutrients from them. Tropical evergreen forests are home to a wide variety of epiphytes, including orchids, ferns, and mosses.
• Warm and humid climate : Tropical evergreen forests have a warm and humid climate, with temperatures ranging from 25°C to 30°C throughout the year.

Tropical Evergreen Forest in India Flora & Fauna

Tropical evergreen forests are found in the Western Ghats, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the upper parts of Assam, and the coasts of Tamil Nadu, India. These forests are characterized by high rainfall, dense vegetation, and a wide variety of plant and animal life. These forests are primarily composed of Ebony, Mahogany, and Rosewood. There are many different plants and animals that coexist with one another to ensure the survival of the species. The coexistence of plants and animals results in the existence of a biome.

Tropical Evergreen Forest Animals

The animals that live in the evergreen forests are typical of a specific species, such as indigenous birds such as owls, hawks, and cardinals, as well as some mammals such as deer, possums, and raccoons. Tropical evergreen forests are home to a wide variety of animals, including:

• Mammals : Elephants, tigers, leopards, monkeys, apes, rhinos, deer, wild pigs, bats.
• Birds : Toucans, parrots, macaws, hornbills, hummingbirds, pheasants.
• Reptiles : Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and turtles.
• Amphibians : Frogs, toads, and salamanders.
• Insects : Butterflies, beetles, ants, termites.

Tropical Evergreen Forest in India Geographical Location

Evergreen Tropical Forest India was once a vast landmass known for its dense vegetation and abundant wildlife. However, as human activity has increased, these forests have been reduced to a delta of rivers such as the Ganga, Godavari, Mahanadi, Yamuna, and others. The Western Ghats forests extend across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala, Goa, and parts of Tamil Nadu. The mangroves of the Ganga delta (West Bengal) are one of the world’s largest tidal forests, and the name comes from the Sundari tree that grows in its muddy areas.

Other tropical evergreen forest areas with mangroves are the impenetrable jungles of the Andaman and Nicobar islands. Assam, Odisha, Meghalaya, Tripura, and other states have dense tropical forests. Tropical evergreen forests are important for promoting green and for animal and plant survival.

Many tropical evergreen forests are now semi-evergreen, possibly due to increased human-to-animal conflict and infiltration in forest areas. To protect our valuable wildlife and forests, we need strict protocols and limits on human activity in these areas to ensure that our forests thrive once more.

The states where these forests are predominantly identified are:

• Maharashtra
• Arunachal Pradesh
• West Bengal
• Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Threats to Evergreen Forests in India

Evergreen forests in India are threatened by a number of factors, including:

• Deforestation:  Deforestation is the clearing of forests for other land uses, such as agriculture and development.
• Climate change:  Climate change is causing the Earth’s temperature to rise, which is leading to more extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods.
• Poaching:  Poaching is the illegal hunting of wildlife.
• Encroachment:  Encroachment is the illegal occupation of forest land.

Conservation Efforts for Evergreen Forests in India

A number of organizations are working to conserve evergreen forests in India. These organizations are working to reduce deforestation, combat climate change, and prevent poaching and encroachment. We can all help to conserve evergreen forests in India by reducing our consumption of resources, such as paper and wood, and by supporting organizations that are working to conserve these forests. Here are some of the key conservation efforts for evergreen forests in India:

• Establishing protected areas:  The Indian government has established a network of protected areas, including national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves, to protect evergreen forests. These protected areas provide a safe haven for wildlife and help to prevent deforestation.
• Joint forest management:  Joint forest management (JFM) is a program that involves local communities in the management of forests. JFM has been successful in reducing deforestation and improving the livelihoods of local communities.
• Afforestation and reforestation:  The Indian government is also implementing afforestation and reforestation programs to increase the area of forest cover in India. These programs involve planting trees in degraded forests and on barren land.
• Sustainable forest management:  The Indian government is also promoting sustainable forest management practices, such as selective logging and harvesting of non-timber forest products. Sustainable forest management practices help to ensure that forests are used sustainably and that they continue to provide benefits for future generations.
• Climate change adaptation:  The Indian government is also working to help evergreen forests adapt to climate change. This includes measures such as planting drought-resistant trees and restoring degraded forests.

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Tropical Evergreen Forests in India FAQs

Where is tropical evergreen forest in india found.

Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Tripura, Meghalaya, West Bengal, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands all have tropical evergreen forests.

What are the tropical evergreen forest?

Tropical evergreen forests are dense and multi-layered, and they are home to a diverse range of plants and animals. These forests can be found in areas that receive a lot of rain (more than 200 cm annual rainfall). They are extremely dense. Even sunlight cannot reach the ground. These forests are home to numerous tree species.

What are the main features of tropical evergreen forests?

Tropical evergreen forests are dense, multilayered, and home to a diverse range of flora and fauna. These forests are found in areas with a lot of rain (more than 200 cm of annual rainfall). They are extremely dense. Even sunlight is unable to reach the ground.

Why it is called tropical evergreen?

Because a tropical rainforest is always green, it is referred to as an evergreen forest.

What are the special features of evergreen trees?

Evergreen leaves are typically thicker and more leathery than deciduous leaves (those that shed their leaves in autumn or during the tropical dry season), and needlelike or scalelike in cone-bearing trees. A leaf on an evergreen tree can live for two years or more and fall at any time of year.

What is another name of the evergreen forest?

Rainforests, Tropical evergreen forests (also known as rainforests) are the world's largest single forest biome.

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• Incredible India Essay

Essay on Incredible India

‘Atithi Devo Bhava’ - the most famous saying means guests are like God and it is the spirit of the Indian tradition and culture when they welcome their guests. It truly reflects the rich and cultural heritage and warm hospitality of the people of India. With a civilization of more than five thousand years old, India is a country with an amazing wealth of diversity. India stretches from the eternal snows of the Himalayas in the north to the peninsulas of the south from the arid desert of the west to the humid deltas of the east from the dry heat and cold of the central plateau to the cool forest foothills and the golden beaches. Thus, it offers an incredible choice of destinations for a visiting tourist to relish and enjoy.

India’s civilization is more than five thousand years old. India is the largest constitution and the biggest democracy in the world. India is a country that takes pride in having diverse religions, languages, races, cultures, flora and fauna, etc. The second most populated country in the world after China has twenty-nine states, twenty-two languages, many religions and a number of rivers flowing through it like the famous Ganges, the Indus, the Brahmaputra, etc. Its diversity is the essence of the country.  

Lotus flower is the National flower of India. Tiger is the National Animal and the elegantly beautiful Peacock is the National Bird. India has given birth to religions such as Hinduism, Sikhism and Buddhism. One can find many multiple foreign religions that are flourishing in the country like Islam, Christianity and Zoroastrianism. Each religion has an influence in shaping the culture and architecture of the country, for example, Goa has a Portuguese culture with churches all across the city. Similarly, there are many towns in the state of Uttar Pradesh that boast of an Islamic influence. 

The Sun temple, the Khajuraho temples and many more are all the ancient Hinduism imprints of the country. With this large diversity in religion, India celebrates numerous festivals each year like Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Guru Nanak Birthday, etc. Each festival celebrated by different religions paints the entire country in its bright shades of colours. India’s constitution recognizes twenty-two languages. These languages further have sub-languages. The state recognizes Hindi as the official language of the country to bind the prolific linguistic diversity into one. 

India is also proud of its geographical diversity. Where a northern state like Jammu and Kashmir is all Himalayan mountainous regions, the state of Rajasthan is all desert regions. The states of Kerala and Goa are coastal areas and Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh and many other states are all plains. 

Racial diversity is another feather in India’s cap. We all know about the Indo-Aryan race migration but besides that, we have the Mongoloid race in the Northeast, the Dravidian race in the South and a fraction of Iranian race too as India is home to a considerable population of Zoroastrians.

India is also a land of diverse climatic conditions. The four seasons of summer, autumn, winter, and spring prevail throughout the year in most parts of the country. Places like Cherrapunji and Mawsynram receive maximum rainfall throughout the year. Then we have the Himalayan region in the north of the country, which serves as a border as well as a natural barrier to the bitterly cold Siberian winds. The coastal areas like Mumbai, Daman and Diu and Kolkata have tropical warm climates throughout. 

The Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the Eastbound mainland of India. The country is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China and Nepal to the North, and Bangladesh and Burma to the East. 

Diversity can also be observed in food habits and clothing. We have many cuisines like North Indian cuisine, Mughlai cuisine, South Indian cuisine, etc. Gujarati food is vegetarian whereas Bengali food mainly comprises of fish curries. People hailing from North India eat mainly wheat and those in the South are rice-consuming people. 

Besides all this variation, all Indians sing the same National Anthem, rejoicing together when the country wins a cricket match. Even the history of Independence has proved that people of all different cultures and religions participated in the country’s freedom struggle.

This unity in diversity is the hallmark of India’s uniqueness. The very fact that India absorbs all this variation into itself is very mesmerizing.

FAQs on Incredible India Essay

1. Why is India known as the land of unity of diversity?

National integration alone, especially in these days of extremism and terrorism, may be the cornerstone of a strong, united, and successful India in India. Mahatma Gandhi sacrificed his life for the sake of communal peace. In our country, however, there are Bengalis, Gujaratis, Punjabis, Maharashtrians, Tamilians, and others. The reality is that humans have coexisted for thousands of years, regardless of divisions and distinctions, caste or creed.

In terms of customs, theology, and rituals, there are distinctions between the Hindu and Muslim groups. However, they have been born and raised in the same motherland for millennia. They share a home and have a great deal of respect for one another. On Muslim celebrations such as Eid, Muharram, and others, Hindus extend greetings to their Muslim friends. On the occasion of Hindu festivals such as Diwali, Durga Puja, and others, Muslims likewise pray for good luck.

This helps to explain India's growing solidarity between Hindus and Muslims. They affect one another on numerous issues and are influenced by oriental civilization's ideals. India is a massive nation. Climate changes occur in different parts of the world. One state's spoken language differs significantly from that of another. They dress in a variety of outfits. They participate in a variety of religious rites and celebrations. Different religious traditions are practiced by people from various cultures. Despite their differences, Indians have a sense of belonging and solidarity. As a result, we might conclude that India is a land of diversity and unity. 

2. How is the slogan, “Atithi Devo Bhava”  used with regard to tourism in India?

The concept of Atithi Devo Bhava - Guest is God dates back to ancient times when guests or visitors would pay unannounced visits to their friends, family, or neighbors.

As there were no technologically quick means of communication available at the time, the visits were unannounced. As a result, the philosophy of 'Atithi Devo Bhava,' or 'Guest is God,' has been welcomed by the unplanned appearance of guests.

'The Guest is God,' says the expression Atithi Devo Bhava. This word and its meaning have been a part of Indian culture since ancient times, and it continues to serve as the country's motto for promoting tourism today.

Atithi Devo Bhava is an Indian term derived from Sanskrit literature. In Indian culture and Buddhism, this phrase has a very superior home. 'Atithi' literally means "without a calendar," "Devo" means "God," and "Bhava" literally means "to be or to be." 

The persistent focus on this theme in many religious allusions has elevated the concept of 'Guest is God' well beyond tourism. India's inhabitants go to great lengths to strengthen and blossom the host-guest relationship.

They attempt to treat their visitors with the utmost significance, respect, and care by providing them with a variety of resources that they can afford, regardless of their financial situation. The world witnesses a lot of examples of 'Atithi Satkar,' which means to welcome the guest with the utmost respect and importance.

3. Explain the geographical diversity of India

India is a big country with a significant diversity of physical features such as dry deserts, evergreen forests, high Himalayas, a lengthy coast, and fertile plains, spanning an area of 3,287,263 square kilometers. Certain portions of India are so fertile that they are considered among the world's most fertile regions, while others are so barren and unproductive that little can be cultivated there.

The Indo-Gangetic valley region falls into the first group, while some parts of Rajasthan fall into the second. There is a stark contrast in climate; India has a wide range of climates, ranging from the scorching heat of the plains, which may be as hot as the hottest parts of Africa, to the frigid temperatures of the Himalayas, which can be as cold as the Arctic.

The Himalayan hills, which are permanently covered in snow, are extremely cold, whereas Rajasthan's deserts are noted for their heat. As India is reliant on the monsoons, rainfall varies across the country. While regions like Mawsynram and Cherrapunji in Meghalaya, which are regarded to have the highest quantity of rainfall in the world, receive rainfall virtually all year, places like Sindh and Rajasthan receive very little rainfall.

This climatic variance has also contributed to India's diverse flora and wildlife. In reality, India has the world's most diverse collection of flora and animals. The unusual demographics also support a unique ecosystem rich in greenery, fauna, rare herbs, and a diverse range of birds.

4. Explain the cultural diversity of India

Indian culture is one of the world's oldest and most distinctive. In India, there is incredible cultural diversity all around the country. The South, the North, and the Northeast all boast of different cultures, and practically every state has carved out a cultural niche for itself. There is no other culture on the planet that is as diverse and unique as India's.

With its ancient and diverse culture, stunning contrasts, and breathtaking natural beauty, India, a land of endless variation, is fascinating. India is the best site on the planet to witness a variety of cultures, from current to ancient, and to uncover commonalities among them.

5. Explain the linguistic diversity of India

There is a lot of linguistic diversity in India. There were 1652 languages and dialects listed in the 1961 census. In India, there are 58 different languages taught in schools. The number of languages is substantially higher, with 122 languages belonging to five families: Indo-European, Dravidian, Austro-Asiatic, Tibeto-Burmese, and Semito-Hamitic, according to the 2001 Census. Newspapers are published in 87 languages, radio programs are broadcast in 71 languages, and films are produced in 15 languages. The situation was complicated in terms of the number of languages spoken in the country, but there was a consistent pattern in terms of the hierarchy of languages among different communities that prevented India from becoming a "virtual Tower of Babel."  Visit the Vedantu app and website for more information.

6. What Does the Popular Saying Atithi Devo Bhava Mean?

The most famous saying Atithi Devo Bhava means guests are like God and it is the spirit of the Indian tradition and culture when they welcome their guests. It truly reflects the rich and cultural heritage and warm hospitality of the people of India.

7. Mention the Geographical Diversity of India.

India stretches from the eternal snows of the Himalayas in the north to the peninsulas of the south from the arid desert of the west to the humid deltas of the east from the dry heat and cold of the central plateau to the cool forest foothills and the golden beaches of the coastal regions. The Indian Ocean on the South, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the Eastbound the mainland India. The country is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China, and Nepal to the North and Bangladesh and Burma to the East. The Northern states like Jammu and Kashmir are all Himalayan mountainous regions, the state of Rajasthan is all desert regions. The states of Kerala and Goa are coastal areas and Delhi, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, and many other states are all plains.

8. How Many States and Languages are there in the Country?

India has recognized twenty-two languages and comprises twenty-nine states.

9. Which Countries from the Border of India?

The country is bordered by Pakistan to the west, Bhutan, the People’s Republic of China and Nepal to the North, and Bangladesh and Burma to the East.

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Essay on Forest for Students & Children in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Forest: The green cover of the Earth’s surface is predominated by forests and constitutes about 31% of the Earth’s ecosystem. They provide a beautiful living paradise for wildlife, flora, fauna, rare trees, animals and birds. Forests are a treasure trove of resources. They provide plenty of fresh air to the Earth and balance the water cycle and thus a blessing for mankind. Timber, food products, fuel, medicines and spices can be obtained by forest trees.

Essay on Forest 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Forest Essay in English, suitable for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

Forests are the home to about millions of creatures. They are surrounded by the beauty of woods, long tress with the limitless sky over them, gently blowing breeze and many more heart-warming things. Forests are entangled part of our ecosystem. They contain trees, shrubs, grasses, etc. They are covered with trees and plants and offer a comfortable environment for wildlife to live in.

Types of Forest

India is covered with various types of forests. From the rain forest in the south to the pastures in the north, from the deserts in the west to the evergreen forests in the east. There is a diverse range of forest in India. Based on nature, composition, and type of climate forest are divided into different types.

• Coniferous forest stays green all year long and has trees with needle-like leaves. These forests are found across the Northern Hemisphere and in certain Southern Hemisphere places. They grow in climates where there are short summers and long winters.
• The evergreen forest has evergreen trees that remain full of leaves and are tall and hardwood types throughout the year. They usually occur in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and have a hot climate.
• The wet evergreen forest has tall, straight evergreen trees with an underpinning trunk that helps them to stay upright during a storm. They grow in the area having a temperature of about 25°-27°C and rainfall up to 250 cm annually.
• Tropical Deciduous forest, commonly known as Monsoon forest, are the most widespread forest. They have trees that lose their leaves seasonally. As seasons change, the colours of the leave also change.
• The Thorn Forest have stunted trees with thorny bushes, and roots spread deep underground. Trees remain leafless for most of the year. They are found in areas with temperatures around 25 to 30 degrees, and rainfall less than 70 cm.

Importance of Forest

We cannot underestimate how important forests are to us. We depend on forests for many things, from oxygen to the wood. Significant benefits of the forest include-

• Forests provide us with water, food, and fuel. They give us raw materials to make medicines, cosmetics, and detergents.
• Forests provide habitats to a large number of animal species. They are home to 80% of the wildlife, and they form the source of livelihood for many human settlements, including 60 million native people.
• Trees keep the earth cool by absorbing carbon dioxide reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Plants need carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. They protect us from global warming. They generate atmospheric conditions that promote regular rainfall. During floods, they help the ground by absorbing water that improves the soil’s fertility.

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Selected Essays/Forest of India

The word ‘forest’ is derived from the Latin word ‘fores’ which means ‘outside’. Thus, it must have always referred to a village outskirt, fence or boundary which might have included all cultivated as well as uncultivated land. Today, of course, forests refer to vast areas of land covered with thick vegetation, trees and animals dwelling within.

Climatic factors such as rainfall and temperature along with soil, determine the kind of natural vegetation that will be found in a particular place. Places that receive more than 200cm of annual rainfall have evergreen rain forests.

Areas receiving rainfall between 200 and 100cm have monsoon deciduous trees while drier deciduous or tropical savannah forests are found in areas receiving 50 to 100cm of rains per annum. Places which receive less than 50cm annually have only dry thorny found in different parts of the country. Ranging from tropical wet evergreen, tropical moist deciduous, tropical dry evergreen, sub-tropical dry evergreen, broad-leaved or pine, Himalayan dry temperate to sub- alpine and dry Alpine and other 126 kinds and sub-types of forests are found here. At the present the total forest and tree cover of the country is 78.92 million hectare which is 24% of the geographical area of the county.

Indian forests are also classified on the basis of statutes, ownership, composition and exploitability. The legal or administrative classification is done to protect forests against indiscriminate cutting of trees. The forests in India have been divided into (i) Reserved, (ii) Protected and (iii) Unclassified. The first two categories are permanent forests which are maintained for regular supply of timber and other forest products. They are also maintained to restore the ecological balance. The reserved forests in India cover about 54% of the total forest area of the country while 29% of the total forest area is protected.

The remaining 175 is the unclassified forest area which is mainly unproductive and unprofitable. Another classification is based on the ownership of forests. Most of the forests are owned by the Government through the means of its departments such as forests department etc. Some are owned by corporate bodies. A negligible 1% area is owned privately by states like Meghalaya, Odisha, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

An important type of forest in India is the village forests or Panchayat forests. These are the forests which are managed by local communities, keeping in mind the idea of sustainable development. Community forest management involves collaboration between villagers and NGOs.

The Rajaji National Park has been built on this model. Indigenous forest management refers to initiatives taken by villagers and the communities which share the responsibility of protection in turns. The ‘sacred groves’ are small communal forests, which are protected for their rare flora and religious importance.

There are other forests like production forests, which are maintained for commercial production. The other is social forestry, which supports the rural poor, who depend on forests for their livelihood. Agroforestry is a scheme where farmers carry out plantations of Eucalyptus, Casuarina, teak etc, on their agricultural land using irrigation and fertilisers to find a market for their produce. Forests make up for one of the major natural resources of a country. Their use in fuel, timber, and industrial raw material cannot be undermined. Bamboos, canes, herbs, medicines, lac, grasses, leaves, oil etc are all received from the forests. India has about 5000 kinds of variety of woods out of which more than 400 are commercially used. Hard woods such as teak, mahogany, logwood, ironwood, ebony, sal, greenheart, kikar, semal etc are used in making of furniture, tools and wagons. Soft woods such as deodar, poplar, pine, fir, cedar, balsam are light, durable and easy to work. Therefore, they are used in constructions and as raw material for making paper pulp. But unfortunately, 70% of the hard wood is burnt as fuel and only 30% is used commercially. On the other hand, 70% of soft wood is used in industries while 30% is used for fuel purposes. Thus, forests meet about 40% of the energy requirement of the country which includes 80% of the rural requirements.

Indian forests are one of the 12 mega-biodiversity regions around the world. The Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas are among the biodiversity ‘hotspots’ of the world. India is home to 12% of world’s plants and 7% of Earth’s animals species. India also has one of the riches varieties of bird species. Indian forests and wetlands are the temporary abodes of many migratory birds. Many birds and animals are endemic to India. Moreover, forests help in the control of soil erosion and control floods to a considerable extent. Forests also check the spreading of desert through strong winds. They add humidity to the atmosphere which checks the spread of desert. The humus added to the soil increases the soil fertility and soothes the extremes of climate by reducing the heat in summers and the cold in winters.

Thus, keeping in mind their great use, forests should be conserved and protected in India. The Government has made many efforts to increase the forest cover in the country. The Ministry of Environment and forests is implementing a National Afforestation Programme (NAP) scheme with people’s participation, including involvement of non-government persons, rural and local people living in and around the forest areas to increase Forest and Tree Cover (FTC) in the country.

The scheme is being implemented through a decentralized mechanism of State Forest Development Agency (SFDA) at state level, Forest Development Agency (FDA) at forest division level and Joint Forest Management Committees (JFMCs) at the village level. In 1988, a New Forest Policy was introduced to maintain ecological balance, preservation of forests as natural heritage, prevention of soil erosion, check on the expansion of deserts, increase in the forest are to increase forest productivity and to propel a mass movement to achieve these objectives. Van Mahotsav was initiated in 1950 and the famous Chipko Movement stands as an example of the effect of people’s movement. In 1987, the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education which was created was converted into an autonomous body called Forest Research Institute.

More recently, Arunanchal Pradesh set an example to the entire nation by achieving 70% afforestation.

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Green Revolution Essay for Students and Children

Green revolution essay.

Green Revolution is actually the process of increasing agricultural production by using modern machines and techniques. It was a scientific research-based technology initiative performed between 1950 and the late 1960s, that increased agricultural production worldwide, particularly in the developing world, beginning most markedly in the late 1960s. It used HYV seeds, increased use of fertilizer and more technical methods of irrigation to increase the production of food grains.

Green Revolution in India

In India Green Revolution commenced in the early 1960s that led to an increase in food grain production , especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat. The Green revolution is revolutionary in character due to the introduction of new technology, new ideas, the new application of inputs like HYV seeds, fertilizers, irrigation water, pesticides, etc. As all these were brought suddenly and spread quickly to attain dramatic results thus it is termed as a revolution in green agriculture.

Statistical Results

A record grain output in 1978-79 around 131 million tons occurred due to the Green Revolution. Hence, it made India as one of the world’s biggest agricultural producer. In India Green Revolution recorded a high level of success. India also became an exporter of food grains around that time.

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Economic Results

Crop areas under this project needed more water, more fertilizers , more pesticides, and certain other chemicals. This increased the growth of the local manufacturing sector. Increased industrial growth created new jobs and contributed to the country’s GDP . The increase in irrigation created the need for new dams to harness monsoon water. The stored water was used to create hydro-electric power. All of this resulted in industrial growth, created jobs and improved the quality of life of the people in villages.

Sociological Results

This new technology used frequent application of water, fertilizers, insecticides , larger volumes of transportation, electricity, etc. Not only the agricultural workers but also industrial workers got plenty of jobs because of the creation of facilities such as factories, hydro-electric power stations, etc. to back up the revolution.

Political Results

One of the most important factors that made Mrs. Indira Gandhi (1917-1984) and her party the Indian National Congress, a very powerful political force in India is this Green Revolution. India transformed itself from a starving nation to an exporter of food. This gave India admiration and appreciation from all over the world, especially from the Third world country.

Disadvantages of the Green Revolution

The negative social effect of the Revolution was also soon visible. Disparities in income have been widened by these innovations in agriculture. Rich landlords have control over the agricultural input and improved chemical fertilizers. The worst part is that the poor farmers found themselves handicapped by small farms of land and inadequate water supply. With complete agricultural techniques and inputs, the Green revaluation tended to have its most concentrated application on large farms.

As a concentration of the new technology to large farms, the Inequalities have further Increased. The poor farmers have been adversely affected by a growing tendency among the rich farmers to reclaim land previously leased out under tenancy agreement, which has been made profitable by higher returns from new technology.

The poor and backward class of farmers has been increasingly pushed into the rank of the landless laborer. A drastic increase in a higher level of rent with land value soaring. Also because of excessive use of fertilizers soil started to become alkaline or acidic depending upon the nature of the fertilizer used.

India has made a huge achievement in term of the Green Revolution, as it has provided an unprecedented level of food security. It has pulled a large number of poor people out of poverty and helped many non-poor people avoid the poverty and hunger they would have experienced had it not taken place. This revolution has saved over a billion people all over the world from famine.

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2 Speech On Clean India Green India In English

All of us picture a clean India. Many of us also use foreign nations as examples of places that are clean, and we contrast our nation’s problems with those countries’ cities. The issue is that most individuals only talk about keeping their surroundings clean; they don’t actually do anything about it. How many of you believe you have helped to maintain the cleanliness of your state or nation?

Good morning, respected teachers and my dear friends. Amit Abraham is right when he says, “Clean your mind and our country will automatically get dry cleaned.” Today on this occasion I am going to speak on the topic ‘Clean India Green India’. A developed country is characterized by its cleanliness and natural beauty. India is not pro-cleanliness, as seen by the status of its lakes, rivers, towns, colonies, hill stations, and public transportation.

P.M. Narendra Modi launched the Swach Bharat Abhiyan, an initiative aimed at making India clean and green.

India’s primary reason for not being clean and environmentally friendly is its disregard for its people. They use plastics and thermocol frequently and throw trash anywhere. In India, several rivers, including Ganga, are heavily polluted in the name of religion.

Cleaning might start in one’s own home. One should promote and maintain clean neighborhoods. The government needs to regulate the industries that produce dangerous gases. We should protect nature’s beauty by planting more trees to create more greenery. In a similar manner, we should cooperate to make India a truly developed nation and create a greener, healthier environment for the next generation. Thank you.

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Hours before CUET Day 1, tests postponed in Delhi; students stressed, confused

N EW DELHI: Four papers - chemistry, biology, English and general test - of the Common University Entrance Test-Undergraduate (CUET-UG) scheduled for Wednesday (May 15) for all Delhi centres were postponed "due to unavoidable reasons" at the last minute and rescheduled for May 29. The message was put on the National Testing Agency website and several students complained that no communication was received by them.

Students were advised to download their admit cards once again after 7 pm on Wednesday. Exams in other parts of the country - including Gurgaon, Noida, Ghaziabad and Faridabad - will continue as scheduled, while other tests for undergraduate admissions scheduled in Delhi from May 16 to 18 will also take place as per schedule, NTA's notice said.

CUET tests in Delhi to be held on May 29 now

The examination will now be held on May 29, 2024. The revised admit cards will be issued for candidates appearing in centres across Delhi,” NTA said.

The change in Delhi was necessitated by unavailability of adequate infrastructure to deal with a high number of applicants and the failure to requisition a sufficient number of invigilators, which NTA attributed to the ongoing Lok Sabha polls. The decision came as a surprise because elections were announced nearly two months ago.

“The number of candidates is high and to ensure they get their first-choice city, an adequate number of centres with good facilities could not be arranged. The SOPs are important so that students don’t face inconvenience during the exam. Another reason was many invigilators were involved in election duty and could not return from their May 13 polling duties. Therefore, the exams for May 15 had to be rescheduled in Delhi centres,” a source said.

CUET has been marred by glitches since it was launched in 2022, resulting in frequent date changes for candidates.

“Last-minute changes cause stress and confusion. How can they reschedule the night before the exam? Principals are notifying students in class groups to spread awareness, but most students are confused whether the exam has been postponed or if this news is fake. It’s an unnecessary disruption for students, especially those from economically weaker sections who may not be very aware. Students are also wondering why the Hindi date says 1946,” said Seema, a parent.

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Stand-up comedian files papers to run against Modi: ‘This is a victory’

‘this acceptance of my candidature is a win for us in a democracy,’ rangeela says, article bookmarked.

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A comedian taking on Narendra Modi as an independent candidate in India’s seven-phase general elections said his paperwork was finally accepted by authorities after many hurdles.

Stand-up comedian Shyam Rangeela , who is known for his viral impressions of the prime minister, said he officially filed his nomination papers from northern Uttar Pradesh state’s Varanasi, a holy city by the River Ganges and Mr Modi’s high-stakes constituency .

Mr Rangeela, 29, had earlier said his efforts to file nomination papers in Varanasi, a seat Mr Modi, 73, has not lost since 2014, had been rejected by local officials for the past three days running.

“This acceptance of my candidature is a win for us in a democracy. We will not wait for 4 June [results declaration day] for victory, this is victory,” Mr Rangeela told reporters after submitting his paperwork. This has emboldened other candidates like him, he said.

Mr Rangeela said the remaining formalities, including picking an election symbol, will be decided in the next 2-3 days. In a video shared on his social media on Tuesday, he said officials were denying him entry inside the district magistrate’s office, just hours before Mr Modi was scheduled to file his nomination papers.

Flanked by his cabinet ministers and a heavy posse of security personnel, Mr Modi filed his papers in the city on Tuesday around 11.40am, after offering prayers at Ganges, a spectacle which dominated all major Indian news channels for much of the day.

Mr Rangeela said he was only allowed inside the office after 3pm.

The comedian added: “Mr Modi filed his nomination... surrounded by his security staff and cabinet minister. No one could have come close to him, while we sweated for days outside the office to successfully file our nomination.”

“I am very relieved to see today’s picture, so many aspirants walked away after trying for days but because of social media pressure, I was finally able to register my candidacy. Just like Mr Modi says Mother Ganges has adopted him, now I can even say I have been adopted by her,” he said, quoting an election pitch by Mr Modi to establish his influence within the constituency.

“I will be the strength of every independent candidate who stood outside the nomination office for three days. I could have gone back and resumed working on my comedy shows, nothing would have changed for anyone,” he said in a video shared on his social media profiles.

“You don’t need to fear anything at all, I am an independent face and I will remain in the race without any other political party’s support. We, independent candidates, are all one,” Mr Rangeela said as words of encouragement to other aspirants who were not as lucky.

The comedian argued that the people of India should have options at the time of election if Indian democracy is to thrive . He said he wanted to fill that void for voters, even if he did not have the political acumen to actually pose a threat to the prime minister.

He added that his decision stemmed from what he claimed was “unfairness and discrimination against political competition” in some of the big seats such as Surat in Mr Modi’s home state of Gujarat.

The ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) candidate Mukesh Dalal was declared the uncontested winner from Surat after other eight candidates in the fray withdrew following the rejection of the Congress opposition party candidate Nilesh Kumbhani’s nomination.

Local officials claimed Mr Kumbhani’s nomination was rejected due to discrepancies in signatures of his proposers, but several local opposition politicians have alleged serious cases of obstruction and police intimidation.

Varanasi will be voting on 1 June and will see Mr Modi running in the race for the third time with his major competition in the city being Ajay Rai from the opposition Congress party.

Results this time around will be announced alongside the rest of the country’s on 4 June.

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PM Modi declares assets worth ₹ 3.02 crore; doesn't own house, car: Report

The nomination papers further showed that pm modi's taxable income doubled from ₹11 lakh in fiscal year 2018-19 to ₹23.5 lakh in 2022-23..

Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who filed his nomination papers on Tuesday from the Varanasi Lok Sabha constituency for a third time, declared moveable assets worth ₹ 3.02 crore, disclosing that he doesn't own any car, house, or piece of land.

Also Read: Accompanied by top NDA leaders, PM Modi files nomination papers from Varanasi

According to the election affidavit, as shared by India Today, the prime minister's total assets of 3.02 crore include a fixed deposit worth ₹ 2.86 crore with the State Bank of India (SBI), ₹ 80,304 in two bank accounts in Gandhinagar and Varanasi and ₹ 52,920 cash in hand.

PM Modi also has ₹ 9.12 lakh as an investment in National Savings Certificates (NSC) savings scheme and possesses four gold rings worth ₹ 2.68 lakh, the affidavit said.

The nomination papers further showed that PM Modi's taxable income doubled from ₹ 11 lakh in fiscal year 2018-19 to ₹ 23.5 lakh in 2022-23.

As far as his education is concerned, the prime minister declared that he completed his Bachelor of Arts from Delhi University in 1978 and Master of Arts from Gujarat University in 1983. There are no pending criminal proceedings against him.

Narendra Modi, who first contested from Varanasi in 2014, is seeking a third consecutive term from there. He will be contesting against Congress' UP unit president Ajay Rai.

Also Read: Narendra Modi files nomination from Varanasi | Watch

Earlier today, PM Modi, sporting a white kurta-pajama and a blue sadri, filed his nomination at the district collectorate office in Varanasi. Several NDA leaders, including Union minister Amit Shah and UP chief minister Yogi Adityanath, were present at the event.

PM Modi also performed aarti on the banks of the Ganga at the Dashashwamedh ghat and offered prayers at the city's Kaal Bhairav temple before filing his nomination papers.

PM Modi posted on 'X', "Filed my nomination papers as a candidate for the Varanasi Lok Sabha seat. It is an honour to serve the people of this historic seat. With the blessings of the people, there have been remarkable achievements over the last decade. This pace of work will get even faster in the times to come."

"I am honoured by the presence of our valued NDA allies in Kashi today. Our alliance represents a commitment to national progress and fulfilling regional aspirations. We will work together for the progress of India in the years to come," he added.

After filing his papers, he headed for the Rudraksha Convention Centre to address local party leaders and workers. A local spokesperson of the BJP said that PM Modi gave the party's office bearers the "mantra of victory" and asked them to make people aware of his government's schemes.

Also Read: Who are PM Narendra Modi's 4 proposers for Varanasi Lok Sabha nomination?

PM Modi also told them to ensure that every booth records at least 370 more votes than it did in the last general election, in celebration of the abrogation of Article 370.

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Brahmin, OBCs, Dalit: Meet the proposers for PM Modi from Varanasi

On tuesday, prime minister narendra modi filed his nomination papers from the varanasi parliamentary seat. like in 2014 and 2019, pm modi's four proposers come from different backgrounds and social groups. here's all you need to know about them..

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• PM Modi files nomination from Varanasi for Lok Sabha elections
• In 2019, PM Modi won Varanasi seat by 4,79,505 votes
• In 2014, Modi won the seat by 3,71,784 votes, defeating AAP candidate Arvind Kejriwal

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Tuesday filed his nomination papers from the Varanasi parliamentary seat for the Lok Sabha elections. PM Modi, who first contested from Varanasi in 2014 as NDA's prime ministerial candidate, is seeking a third consecutive term from the seat, where voting will be held on June 1 in the seventh and final phase of the election.

On Tuesday, when PM Modi went to the Varanasi district collectorate to file his nomination, he was accompanied by the who's who of the BJP. Union Home Minister Amit Shah, Uttar Pradesh Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath, and BJP chief JP Nadda were among the leaders who were seen with the Prime Minister.

PM Modi was also accompanied by his four proposers -- Pandit Ganeshwar Shastri, Lalchand Kushwaha, Baijnath Patel and Sanjay Sonkar. A proposer must be a registered elector of the Assembly or Parliamentary constituency for which he or she endorses a candidate’s nomination.

Like in 2014 and 2019, PM Modi's four proposers come from different backgrounds and social groups.

Pandit Ganeshwar Shastri is a Brahmin who ascertained the auspicious time for the consecration of the Ram temple in Ayodhya. While Lalchand Kushwaha is an OBC, Baijnath Patel is a volunteer for the RSS who also belongs to the OBC community.

Another proposer is Sanjay Sonkar, who is from the Dalit community.

On April 26, 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi submitted his application from Varanasi. An agriculturalist, a former Mahila Mahavidyalaya principal at BHU, an RSS member, and the chief cremator of the Varanasi ghats were among the PM Modi's proposers.

Annapurna Shukla was one of the proposers of PM Modi's candidature. She was a noted academician and a former Mahila Mahavidyalaya principal at BHU. Professor Annapurna died in September 2023.

Subhash Gupta was another proposer, who is a BJP worker since the inception of the party.

The other two proposers were Jagdish Chowdhary, a member of the Dom Raja family who helps in performing the last rites, and Dr Ramashankar Patel, a veteran agricultural scientist from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi won the Varanasi parliamentary seat by 4,79,505 votes. He defeats Samajwadi Party candidate Shalini Yadav.

On April 24, 2014, NDA’s Prime Ministerial candidate Narendra Modi filed his nomination papers from Varanasi.

Madan Mohan Malaviya's grandson Giridhar Malaviya was one of the proposers of Narendra Modi's candidature. Giridhar Malaviya is a retired judge of the Allahabad High Court.

Another proposer was Padma Vibhushan and noted classical singer Pandit Chhannulal Mishra.

The other two proposers were Virbhadra Nishad, a boatman, and Ashok Kumar, who belongs to the weaver community.

In 2014, Narendra Modi won the Varanasi parliamentary seat by 3,71,784 Votes. He defeats AAP candidate Arvind Kejriwal.

IN THIS STORY