e business essay

How to Write a Business Essay for Impactful Communication and Analysis

So, you've got a business essay coming up, and you're feeling a mix of excitement and a tad bit overwhelmed, right? Totally get it. Writing a business essay might sound boring, but trust me, it's a skill that's gonna come in handy when you're out there in the real world.

In this article, we're dishing out some awesome tips just for you if you have question on how to start a business essay. Think of it as your secret weapon to tackle those business essays like a pro. We'll keep it real, easy, and super practical – no fancy jargon or complicated theories. Let's dive into the world of business essay writing, where your words can make a big impact. In case you lack time or motivation to finish your assignment, use our business essay writing service to streamline the process.

What Is a Business Essay

Business essays are written pieces that explore and analyze various aspects of business-related topics, often focusing on management, marketing, finance, or entrepreneurship. They provide a platform for students and professionals to articulate their understanding of business concepts, theories, and real-world applications. Typically written in a formal and structured manner, a business essay requires critical thinking, research skills, and the ability to communicate ideas effectively. Whether delving into case studies, discussing industry trends, or evaluating business strategies, the essay aims to provide insights, draw conclusions, and contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic world of business.

How to Write an Introduction for a Business Essay

A business essay introduction sets the tone for the entire paper and captures the reader's attention. Here are some steps and tips to help you write an effective introduction for a business essay:

• Understand the Purpose of the Introduction

Clearly understand the purpose of your essay. Are you providing an overview of a business concept, analyzing a case study, or arguing a specific point? Tailor your introduction accordingly.

• Start with a Hook

Grab the reader's attention with a compelling hook. This could be a relevant quote, a surprising fact, a rhetorical question, or a thought-provoking statement. The goal is to make the reader want to continue reading.

• Provide Context

After the hook, provide some background or context related to the topic of your essay. Help the reader understand the significance and relevance of the subject matter in the business world.

• Thesis Statement

Clearly state your thesis or the main argument of your essay. This should be a concise and focused statement that outlines what the reader can expect from the rest of the essay. Make sure it is specific and reflects the purpose of your writing.

• Outline the Scope

Briefly outline the main points or areas that your essay will cover. This gives the reader a roadmap of what to expect and helps them understand the structure of your essay.

• Use Clear and Concise Language

Keep your introduction clear and concise. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex language that might confuse the reader. Aim for clarity and precision.

• Be Relevant

Ensure that every sentence in your introduction is directly related to the topic of your essay. Avoid going off on tangents or providing excessive information that doesn't contribute to the main points.

• Consider the Tone

Choose a tone that is appropriate for your audience and the nature of your essay. Business essays can vary in tone, from formal and academic to more conversational, depending on the context.

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Business Essay Introduction Example

Here’s an example of an introduction for an essay titled “The Rise of E-commerce: Shaping the Future of Retail”:

The retail landscape is undergoing a seismic shift as e-commerce continues to redefine the way consumers shop. In this essay, we explore the profound implications of this digital transformation on traditional retail models and analyze the key strategies businesses are employing to thrive in this dynamic environment. From changing consumer behaviors to the strategic use of technology, the impact of e-commerce on the retail sector is undeniable, prompting businesses to adapt or face the risk of obsolescence.

How to Write a Business Essay

Working on a business essay might seem daunting, but it doesn't have to be. In this guide, we'll break down the process into simple steps to help you navigate through it smoothly. In this next section. We’ll be breaking down the essentials of drawing up a business essay from start to finish. From defining your main argument to structuring your points effectively, let's explore the key strategies that will set you on the path to success. 

Analyze the Prompt

Start by carefully reading and understanding the essay prompt. This involves breaking down the question to grasp what it's asking for, identifying the main topics, and recognizing any specific tasks or points to cover. This step helps you set the stage for a focused and relevant essay by ensuring you address all aspects mentioned in the prompt. You can hire a business essay writer to expedite the process if you want.

Think of a Thesis Statement

When writing a business essay, think of the thesis statement as the essay's compass. It should be a concise, strong sentence that lays out your main argument or viewpoint on the topic. Your thesis guides the entire essay, so make sure it's specific, debatable, and gives readers a clear idea of what to expect in your writing.

Create an Outline

We’ve already shared tips on how to write an introduction for a business essay, so let’s move on to the next stages. Organize your thoughts by outlining the main points and structure of your essay. This doesn't have to be too detailed; just a roadmap that helps you see how different ideas connect. An outline ensures a logical flow in your writing and prevents you from going off track. By the way, have you already picked business essay topics ? If not, here’s a list of great ideas you can use!

Provide Topic Background

Before diving into your main points, the business essay writing format implies giving your reader some context about the topic. Briefly introduce the key concepts, relevant facts, or historical background that will help readers understand the importance and relevance of your essay.

Write the Main Body

Start developing your essay by expanding on the main points outlined in your thesis. Each paragraph should focus on a specific idea or argument supported by evidence or examples. Be clear and concise, ensuring a smooth transition between paragraphs. It’s the most difficult part of the assignment, meaning you can use our college essay service to simplify it.

Write a Conclusion

Summarize your key points and conclusively restate your thesis. The conclusion should tie up the loose ends and leave a lasting impression on the reader. Avoid introducing new information but rather reinforce your main argument. For more details about how to write a conclusion for an essay , please refer to our guide.

Add a Bibliography

List all the sources you used in your research. Be meticulous about citing your references properly, following the chosen format (APA, MLA, etc.). This adds credibility to your essay and avoids plagiarism issues.

Edit and Proofread

As you’ve learned how to write a business essay, it’s time to master the art of self-revising. Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammatical errors. Editing ensures that your ideas flow smoothly, and proofreading catches any overlooked mistakes. It's a crucial step to polish your essay and present a professional piece of writing. Do you have another assignment on business management ? This guide will help you!

Choose the Writing Format

Reiterate the importance of selecting and adhering to the chosen writing format throughout the essay. Consistency in formatting, citations, and other style elements contributes to the overall professionalism of your work.

Business Essay Example

Business essay examples offer practical assistance to students tackling assignments by showcasing the application of essential writing principles in a real-world context. As a tangible reference, it demonstrates an effective essay structure and how to formulate a clear thesis statement and provide coherent arguments. By examining examples, students can glean insights into research techniques, proper citation practices, and overall essay organization, empowering them to approach their business assignments with increased confidence and proficiency.

Example 1: “The Impact of Technological Advancements on Modern Business Operations”

This essay explores the multifaceted impact of technology on operational efficiency, innovation, customer relations, and global connectivity. From integrating automation and artificial intelligence for streamlined processes to facilitating global expansion through digital platforms, technology emerges as a driving force shaping the success and sustainability of contemporary enterprises. While acknowledging the numerous benefits, the essay also highlights the challenges and ethical considerations inherent in adopting these technologies, emphasizing the need for businesses to navigate these complexities responsibly for long-term growth and competitiveness.

Example 2: “Sustainable Business Practices: A Strategic Imperative for Corporate Success”

This essay explores the pivotal role of sustainable business practices as a strategic imperative for corporate success in the contemporary entrepreneurship scene. Addressing environmental concerns, social consciousness, and economic viability, the essay delves into the multifaceted benefits of adopting sustainable approaches. It discusses how businesses can align profitability with responsible practices, emphasizing environmental stewardship, social impact, and community engagement. The essay underscores the importance of regulatory compliance and risk mitigation in business by examining the economic advantages and innovation opportunities arising from sustainable initiatives.

Final Considerations

Students engage in writing business essays to develop essential skills and knowledge crucial for success in the professional world. These essays serve as a platform for honing critical thinking, analytical, and communication skills, allowing students to articulate and analyze complex business concepts. Through the process of researching, organizing thoughts, and constructing coherent arguments, students gain a deeper understanding of business principles and practices. Business essays also cultivate the ability to synthesize information, evaluate various perspectives, and present well-reasoned conclusions. If you find with task troublesome, you can always tell us, ‘ write my research paper ,’ and one of our wordsmiths will fulfill the assignment quickly.

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How Many Paragraphs Does a Business Essay Have?

What is the most important part of a business essay, how do you start off a business essay.

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specializes in creating authoritative content on marketing, business, and finance, with a versatile ability to handle any essay type and dissertations. With a Master’s degree in Business Administration and a passion for social issues, her writing not only educates but also inspires action. On EssayPro blog, Annie delivers detailed guides and thought-provoking discussions on pressing economic and social topics. When not writing, she’s a guest speaker at various business seminars.

is an expert in nursing and healthcare, with a strong background in history, law, and literature. Holding advanced degrees in nursing and public health, his analytical approach and comprehensive knowledge help students navigate complex topics. On EssayPro blog, Adam provides insightful articles on everything from historical analysis to the intricacies of healthcare policies. In his downtime, he enjoys historical documentaries and volunteering at local clinics.

How to Write a Business Essay: an Ultimate Guide

Table of Contents

Writing an essay can be boring. A lot of essays are basically the same thing over and over again. You write an introduction, then you write your supporting paragraphs, and then you create a conclusion. Overall, the process is not a lot of fun, and you can often feel as though you are simply going through the motions for the sake of churning out extra work. But since you have to write an essay, it’s worth considering the many ways that you can make the process faster and easier. In this ultimate guide, we’ll discuss the best way to write a business essay so you can get through the process faster and with relatively little trouble.

It might seem obvious, but the first thing you need to do when you write an essay is to read the essay question. You need to be sure you understand each part of the essay question and how the parts of the question work together. You would be surprised how many students only glance at the question and then write a paper that only partially addresses the assignment. You don’t want to lose points because part of your paper isn’t on topic. If you find any parts of the paper that you don’t understand or that require explanation, be sure to contact your instructor for clarification before you start writing.

Read the essay rubric

These days, most essays have a grading rubric included with the question. A grading rubric is like a cheat sheet for writing your essay. When you review the essay rubric, you’ll see exactly how your instructor will grade your paper and what your instructor will be looking for. When you write your paper, you will therefore know exactly what to include and how to write about it in order to maximize your points—and you’ll also see what you can spend less time on because it won’t contribute to your overall grade.

Make friends with your library

Many students automatically turn to search engines like Google in order to research their papers, but this is not the most effective way to find high-quality business sources for your paper. Instead, take advantage of your library’s databases. Your college or university library will likely have dedicated business databases that collect high-quality academic articles on business topics. Using these resources in your paper will make your essay stronger and more effective, and it will put your paper on a solid academic footing.

Compile your sources before you write

Many students use the start-and-stop method to write their papers, composing a sentence or two and then stopping to look up more information in order to keep going. This, however, is an inefficient way to work. A better way is to read through your research sources before you start and copy into a separate file a series of quotations and facts that you might use in your paper, creating in-text citations and reference list entries for each before you start. Doing so will make sure that you don’t have to stop for research and have a ready bank of pre-cited material to work with as you write.

Outline before you write

Outlining is an important skill that will both save you time and improve the quality of your essay. Take time before you write to lay out your paper from beginning to end. Start with your thesis statement and carefully lay out the body paragraphs with a topic sentence, supporting details (including research, quotes, and citations ), and a closing paragraph . Plan your transitions to link paragraphs together. Any amount of outlining can be helpful, but the more effort that you put into outlining at this stage, the easier it will be to write your paper, and the less likely it will be that you get stuck in a tangent that goes nowhere or meander into a point that requires you to change your thesis and revise you whole essay.

Remember to revise and proofread

When you finish the draft of your paper, you aren’t done yet. The first draft is rarely the finished product. You should always set aside time to read your work back and to make revisions to make it clearer. You also need to carefully proofread for mechanical grammar, punctuation, and syntax issues to ensure that your paper is as close to perfect as possible. You don’t want to leave points on the table because your paper had easy to fix minor spelling or grammar errors.

Consider professional writing help

Another great way to get your paper done quickly is to seek out custom professional help from an essay writing service with academic experts. An online writing company such as this can create business papers for college students and deliver them fast. When you utilize professional writing assistance, you can receive a custom-written essay that can serve as a great model to help you understand how a professional would approach your business topic and organize and develop an essay to address your assignment. Using a model such as this can save you time and effort as you work on your own paper, allowing you to focus on the learning process more than the mechanics of academic essay writing.

Join the thousands who have sharpened their business writing skills with our award winning courses.

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6 Key Strategies for Writing a Compelling E-Commerce Essay

Crafting a remarkable e-commerce essay goes beyond simply listing facts and stats. It involves integrating these details into a story that reflects the modern online business environment. Your essay should blend analysis, insight, and foresight, offering a unique perspective on a constantly evolving field.  

This challenge often requires students to think creatively and write with conciseness and accuracy. If you find yourself seeking guidance or inspiration, there’s no better option than to ask DoMyEssay to “help me write an essay.” And, if you need some extra practical recommendations on e-commerce essay writing, this article is for you.  

The foundation of any impactful e-commerce essay lies in thorough research. Delving into the latest market studies, consumer behavior analytics, and technological advancements gives your writing substance and authority. Imagine you’re discussing the rise of AI in e-commerce. By incorporating recent research findings, your essay transforms from a mere opinion to a well-informed discussion on how AI revolutionizes customer experiences.

But remember, research isn’t just about gathering data; it’s about critically analyzing it. Question the sources, compare different viewpoints, and look for patterns. This approach adds depth to your essay and shows your critical thinking skills.

• Structure Your Essay  

A well-structured essay guides the reader through your writing, helping them understand the logic of your argument. Follow these steps to achieve it:

• Begin with an engaging introduction.
• Outline your main arguments early on.
• Make each paragraph focused on one specific point.
• Use transitions to connect paragraphs.
• Include examples and case studies for illustration.
• Avoid jargon to maintain clarity.
• Use quotes from experts sparingly.
• Analyze data to support your points.
• Conclude with a strong summary of your arguments.
• End with a thought-provoking statement or question.

Incorporate Real-World Examples

A practical method to improve your e-commerce essay is to include real-world examples. These examples offer solid proof to bolster your arguments, assisting readers in bridging the gap between theoretical concepts and practical application. For instance, discussing Amazon’s business model provides a practical illustration of e-commerce strategies in action.

When selecting examples, choose those that are relevant and recent. This demonstrates your up-to-date knowledge of the field and makes your essay more engaging. A discussion about the use of social media in e-commerce, backed by examples from successful Instagram marketing campaigns, can vividly illustrate your points.

Analyze and Critique

Analysis and critique are crucial in academic writing. They demonstrate your ability to think beyond the surface and engage with the material at a deeper level. When writing about e-commerce, don’t just describe trends; analyze their implications and critique their impact:

• Analyze the significance of e-commerce trends.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of various e-commerce strategies.
• Discuss potential future developments.
• Consider the ethical implications of e-commerce practices.
• Compare and contrast different e-commerce models.
• Take into account how tech tools influence consumer behavior.
• Assess the sustainability of e-commerce growth.
• Explore the global reach of e-commerce.
• Question existing norms and suggest improvements.

For example, when writing about the rise of mobile commerce, don’t just list statistics. Analyze how this trend is changing consumer behavior and critique its long-term sustainability. This depth of analysis shows your engagement with the topic and ability to think critically.

Use Visuals to Enhance Understanding

Incorporating charts, graphs, and infographics in your e-commerce essay can help illustrate complex data and trends. A well-placed graph demonstrating the growth of online sales over the last decade, for instance, can make your point more effective than text alone.

When using visuals, ensure they are relevant and add value to your essay. Each visual should be clearly labeled and referenced in the text. This aids in the reader’s comprehension and demonstrates your ability to integrate different forms of information cohesively.

Conclude with Impact

In your e-commerce essay, the conclusion should summarize the key points and offer insight or a call to action. For instance, after discussing the future of e-commerce, you might conclude by suggesting areas for further research or potential challenges that need addressing.

The concluding paragraph is the final thing the reader will remember. Make it clear, concise, and reflective of the essay’s overall argument. Avoid introducing new information. Instead, focus on encapsulating the essence of your discussion in a way that resonates with and inspires your reader.

Continuously developing your writing skills is crucial in your role as a student and future professional. This process includes seeking feedback, revisiting your strategies, and staying informed about current e-commerce trends. In this context, resources like the best paper writing service can be priceless. They provide you with quality examples to learn from and offer a perspective on communicating complex ideas.

Each essay is an opportunity to hone your skills, develop your voice, and deepen your understanding of this exciting field. It is not just about achieving academic excellence; it’s about preparing you for the dynamic and evolving world of e-commerce.  

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E-Commerce, Essay Example

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Words: 850

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You are free to use it as an inspiration or a source for your own work.

E-commerce includes the buying and selling of objects over the Internet.  It can include services and products, and e-commerce may also be performed on other types of computer networks besides the Internet.  E-commerce has become considerably popular in recent years, with its involvement in some aspect of transactions that occur over the Internet.  Online shopping and banking are two examples of this common aspect of the Internet and online business as it resembles today’s market.

E-business is much broader than e-commerce.  The former represents the application of information and communication technologies to support the business’s activities.  E-business includes more aspects than e-commerce, such as the interaction between business customers and partners.  E-business goes beyond the buying and selling of goods and services of e-commerce, although it certainly contains it in many cases.  Thus, they intersect in the dynamics of online transactions.

Competitive advantage can of course take many forms, referring to the higher earning of the cost of investments.  The capturing of advantageous attributes represents an effective strategy, such as the implementation of new technologies into a product or business model.  Access to natural resources can also provide a company with a competitive advantage.

Obtaining a competitive advantage can take two forms.  Porter (1985) has identified two type of competitive advantage, found in cost advantage and differentiation advantage.  The former refers to delivering the same benefits as the business’s competitors, but at a lower cost.  The latter refers to delivering benefits that go above and beyond products of competing businesses.  As these two forms both create superior value for its customers, a business can obtain a competitive advantage in either, or boy, ways.  A business may use either of these positional advantages to prove benefits in cost or differentiation.  Or, a resource-based advantage makes use of the business’s resources and capabilities to produce a competitive advantage.

Scaling methods remain an important dynamic, even for small businesses.  For instance, one method is used by small businesses in regards to search engine optimization, where such principles are utilized in order to allow the website to be scaled.  Scaling allows websites to become friendlier to users and servers.  Thus, businesses should be careful to spend time on the many scaling methods available to improve the efficiency and presentation of their website to customers and other businesses.

Online security measures often run into dangerous online criminals who exhibit a number of options in the way of Internet crime.  According to Chickowski (2008), “the ways of making money with online scams, identity theft, and hacking are limited only by criminal creativity.”  Chickowski also points to the “thriving” underground community of online criminals (2008).  A number of scams exist to give problems to Internet crime.

Some of the most dangerous forms of Internet crime are which Chickowski mentions.  Identity theft is one growing crime in the United States and around the world, with the Internet serving as a major role.  Hackers and other criminals target businesses or users on the Internet for online crimes.  For instance, malware writers attempt to exploit Internet Explorer, which takes up nearly 70% of the browser market (Keizer 2009).  It has caused users to look for other browsers, account for Internet Explorer’s dropping share.

Internet security is constantly evolving.  However, so are methods to hack into user’s and business’s accounts.  As a result online crime is undergoing difficult situations in this realm.  Not to mention, not all Internet users keep up with the latest technologies and scams.  This makes them easy targets for online criminals to take advantage of these users, to infiltrate their accounts, passwords, and other sensitive information.

Someone who uses the Internet would generally be much more likely to continue doing so.  The Internet allows individuals to perform a number of activities, both for business and personal reasons that would make continued use of the Internet quite logical.  For instance, an individual may find connectivity with friends and family useful.  Others may find the Internet complimentary to research for work, or even supplement their work with a website to improve business.

Internet usage can also be seen along the lines of e-commerce, to which we have analyzed briefly.  Shopping online is considered quite convenient for many who have engaged in this part of business.  As retailers make better use of the Internet, such as cheaper and faster methods of shipping and online sales, consumers will be more likely to shop online.  This relationship is one of many in the growing use of the Internet for individuals who are becoming more experienced online.

Overall convenience will dictate increased presence on the Internet for many individuals.  The Internet provides many conveniences to enhance the quality of life, to connecting with family via e-mail or a social network to finding additional work online.  Of course conveniences exist in e-commerce and business online for consumers and businesses.  The nature of the Internet will allow experienced users to continue or increase their Internet usage.

Chickowski, Ericka (2008). “Inside online crime: Of hackers, identity theft and online scams.” http://www.baselinemag.com/c/a/Security/Inside-Online-Crime-Of-Hackers-Identity-Theft-and-Online-Scams/. Retrieved 2010-05-25

Keizer, Gregg (2009). “Internet explorer loses market share.” http://www.pcworld.com/article/156306/ie_loses_market_share.html?tk=rss_news. Retrieved 2010-05-25

Porter, Michael (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. New York, NY: Free Press.

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Business Essay and the Best Way of Its Writing

• Academic Writing Tips

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Business is an essential aspect of today’s evolving world. It is a lucrative industry that impacts many sectors, including education. Business-related courses are popular as many students are pursuing the programs. There are many branches in the business field, from business management to finance. College tutors often give students different business papers to test their knowledge as part of the assessment.

A business essay is an academic assignment that involves writing a paper that responds with a strategic and analytical approach to specific situations occurring in the market. Each business essay has a different topic that students tackle. However, the primary purpose of such essays is to collect relevant facts that align with the research question and analyze the data to get solutions.

Writing a business essay might seem simple, but it requires impressive writing skills and extensive research. You must be familiar with the topic to know the paper’s direction. Topic selection is a tricky section that affects the entire writing process. It is essential to identify a relevant topic to assist you in crafting a remarkable paper. You have to write a well-structured and compelling paper to get good grades. Presenting accurate arguments with supporting examples from reliable sources is an essential research aspect. Thus, a business essay must follow the required academic standards and theoretical frameworks.

However, writing is not everyone’s cup of tea, and incorporating logical arguments can be challenging. If you are stuck, you can check any business essay example online to understand the format. You will know how to structure the paper and relate it to the relevant themes.

That is why our writing service is here to help needy students craft exceptional essays. We will connect with a proficient business essay writer to help with the research and writing process. Get flawless documents from us and earn the best score in your class.

Business Essay Format

Most learners often overlook the importance of having a business essay format. It is imperative to use a format to help you outline your work. Proper thought organization and articulation are essential aspects that translate into a well-written business essay.

Below is an example of the format:

• Introduction
• Background information
• Introduce main topics
• Thesis statement
• Topic sentence
• Research explanation
• Restate points
• Significance of the study

The above outline is a map that will guide you to know what to include in each section. In addition, you will understand what the assignment requires you to do from the introduction to the conclusion.

If you still find it challenging to get the proper format, you can study a relevant business essay example from our site and jumpstart your paper. Whether you need a business school essay or a business plan essay, we have you covered.

Write Business Essay In 5 Steps

While writing might seem challenging, with the proper format and topic familiarity, you are on the right track. It is imperative to understand the writing process before composing your business essay. You need to read the prompt carefully to know what you are supposed to research and write about.

Here is an overview of the writing process in 5 simple steps:

• Topic Selection

Choosing a good topic is mandatory in crafting an excellent paper. You must select a theme that aligns with the research question. Additionally, ensure you select a familiar topic you are passionate about to avoid writing mistakes and illogical paragraphs.

• Extensive Research

Conduct extensive research to get facts and supporting evidence. Narrow down your theme and include only good points. Avoid broad topics because you will waste time during research.

• Essay Outline

Make sure you use a proper outline to organize your thoughts and line of arguments. Follow the format essay

Start writing your paper while using the required academic format. Organize your work and include the introduction, main body paragraphs, or conclusion.

• Editing and Proofreading

Finally, edit and proofread your essay to eliminate grammatical and spelling mistakes.

The above steps will help you during business essay writing to craft remarkable papers. It would be best to plan your time adequately to avoid rushing through the process. However, you must select an appropriate topic for your paper. It could be a business management essay or a marketing paper. No matter the subject discipline, ensure you follow the correct procedure.

Business Essay Topics

Our experts have compiled a list of different business essay topics to inspire your writing:

• Discuss the importance of bookkeeping in a business.
• Evaluate the impact of value addition in products.
• An analysis of income and expenditure transactions.
• Analyze the supply-chain industry.
• The effects of product promotion in business growth.
• How to develop an effective marketing strategy.
• Impact of policymaking in enhancing company productivity.
• What is multilevel marketing?
• Impact of technology in the business world.
• Discuss the challenges affecting entrepreneurship.
• Significance of human resource management.
• Explore the importance of budget analysis.
• How does technology impact advertising?
• The importance of a financial strategy.
• How to start an online business.
• How can organizations profit from sustainable practices?
• How to develop a positive organizational culture.
• The importance of employee diversity in an organization.
• Effective ways of fraud prevention in a company.
• Explore the communication channels in an organization.

Let us look at interesting argumentative business essay topics

• Discuss the influence of cultural differences on international companies.
• A comprehensive analysis of cryptocurrencies.
• Discuss the ethical dilemmas in international organizations.
• The influence of globalization on the business community.
• Should large organizations have a social media presence?
• Causes and effects of economic recession.
• Impact of politics on business growth.
• Discuss the effective strategies of negotiating cross-cultural business deals.
• Explore the integrity of online entrepreneurship.
• The impact of corporate social responsibility in an organization.

The field is quite diverse with various course programs. You can derive different topics from these programs to get logical arguments. So, get inspiration from the compelling business school essay examples and craft exceptional papers.

How To Start A Business Essay

Knowing how to start a business essay is essential for academic writing. The first step entails topic selection because it will determine the essay’s direction. Identifying a relevant topic is vital, and you need to ensure you get the suitable theme. It will also help save you time during research and simplify the writing process.

When it comes to essay writing service , business papers are among the assignments that require extensive research and analysis. Read the essay prompt carefully to understand the tutor’s expectations. Then, make sure you conduct a comprehensive brainstorming session to get the major points for your paper. Having the right points will help you compose logical arguments in a flawless manner.

Moreover, it would help to read previous essays and publications from reliable essays widely. You will get essential data to support your arguments. Besides, the sources will help you cite your essay correctly.

Start your essay with an insightful introduction and include your perspective regarding the topic. Incorporate a powerful thesis statement that informs your readers of the paper’s direction and the major points you will discuss.

Proceed to write the body paragraphs with a topic sentence that captures all significant arguments. Each paragraph should have well-explained arguments that flow logically.

Finally, conclude your business essay by restating your main points and the significance of the study.

Still, need help with your paper? Worry no more. Our competent business essay writers are on standby, ready to assist you with any academic paper. Stop wasting time and reach out to us. We will help you score top-of-the-class grades within no time.

The paper “Enterprises Resource Planning Success and Failure” is an outstanding example of a business essay. An Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system according to Aslan et al. (2012, p.693) is a management system within an organization that has sets of connected inclusive software, which may be used when espoused and put into practice effectively, to oversee and connect every organizational function. Basically, ERP systems may be employed as a tool for helping to improve the supply chain network as well as the level of performance by helping in decreasing cycle times.

Besides that, ERP systems have been utilized routinely in capital-intensive industries like building, construction, manufacturing, as well as defence. Latterly, ERP systems have advanced further and nowadays they are prevalent in industries such as education, health care, finance, hospitality, and telecommunications. Fundamentally, the benefits of ERP systems are hard to realise not unless a strong disposition, as well as participation, is established within the organisation; so, the article seeks to critically analyse ERP success and failure experienced by organisations.

BodyAs mentioned by Hellens et al. (2005, p.283), ERP systems are built upon a single database and application, as well as a coordinate that is unified in the whole organization. For that reason, every application serving different departments such as HR, accounting, and supply chain are integrated firmly under a single ERP system. Al-as observed by Al-Masha et al. (2003, p.354), ERP systems are useful when successfully implemented because they accelerate the process of decision-making. So, the success of ERP systems depends on the ability of an organisation’s managers to efficiently oversee the operation of a business, given that ERP systems can help them reduces operation costs.

Success drivers of ERP systems can be categorised into two: operational and technological drivers. In this case, operational drivers are associated with ways of improving organisational performance, supporting business strategies, as well as cutting production costs. On the other hand, technological drivers are predominantly associated with compliance with existing rules and regulations. The notion of success varies as the process of implementation continues, in that for planning and implementation (the first two stages of the cycle) success is mainly rooted in completing the ERP project to the standards that are acceptable within the budget as well as a time limit.

As pointed out by Hanafizadeh et al. (2010), stabilization as well as Improvement (the last two stages of the cycle) success is founded on the seeming impact of the ERP system on the performance of the organization. As indicated in Hanafizadeh et al. (2010) study, there are scores of factors vital for the success of ERP systems; support is top management one of the factors, and it involves encouraging commitment, positivity, and support of top management in the ERP project. Another factor is the utilization of knowledge as well as experience of system and technology consultants.

Additionally, the balanced project team is crucial for the success of ERP systems because it includes the integration of employees and information technology with the broad knowledge of the processes in the organization. As evidenced in Hellens et al. (2005) study, the accuracy of the information is crucial to the success of ERP project, so, data loaded from accessible legacy systems must at all times be of high quality. ERP project cannot succeed if the project management teams do not have a well-defined, detailed project plan related to the goals of the project.

Change management is also a success factor in the implementation of ERP project; so, careful attention has to be offered to this, considering that several changes in business processes are experienced during ERP systems implementation. Training and education are also important given that technical expertise regarding the ERP system, its reference model, and facts regarding its working are useful in the process of implementation. Other factors crucial for success consists of, availability of experts who aside from being in top management will frequently help the organization realize ERP system benefits.

Failure of ERP projects has been prevalent, and this has continued to bite worldwide across all business platforms. As pointed out in Xue et al. (2005, p.279) study, ERP poise substantial benefits like improving customer service, reducing manufacturing costs and boosts productivity, but these benefits are only realised after successfully implementing the ERP systems. Nevertheless, statistics show that implementation of ERP systems is still a failure amongst scores of companies. Statistically, 90 per cent of ERP systems implementations in Asia countries, especially China are either completed late or use more money and resources than those stipulated in budget.

In Xue et al. (2005) study, where they differentiated implementation success of ERP system in China as well as western countries, they noted that China had a higher percentage of failure which was attributed mainly to lack of support from top management as well as data inaccuracy. Other factors that led to ERP failure include poor participation, education and training, insignificant time ensuing from a minimal understanding of cross-operational organisational processes (Dechow & Mouritsen, 2005, p.691). Furthermore, ERP systems are exceedingly expensive, and also the need for the organisation to hire consultants to assist in the configuration as well as implementation, results in further escalation of price; thus, creating a high possibility of failure.

The cost used on consultants is almost thrice the cost of an ERP system; this negatively affects the productivity of the company and can lead also to the failure of the ERP system. ConclusionIn conclusion, it has been argued that ERP systems are beneficial because they improve the flow of information between every function of the company and also manages the connections to external stakeholders. Currently, the key basis of competitive advantage is the capability of a business to improve the processes of the supply chain.

This necessity has created the need for more advanced information systems like ERP systems. The articles have heightened numerous factors critical to the success of ERP, and which have allowed companies to efficiently plan their resources resulting in business efficient functionality and increased productivity. Failures as discussed in the article are caused by lack of support from top management, data inaccuracy, and lack of sufficient education and training.

The paper “New iPhones Show a Hit For Apple as Quarterly Profit Fluctuate 13 Percent” is an outstanding example of a business literature review. Yao (2014) explains that China is expected to provide information about its weakest growth since the occurrence of the global financial crisis within the third quarter while the property downturn is assessed based on manufacturing and investment. As a result, more pressure has been put on Beijing to unveil new stimulus measures. According to Yao (2014), the market assumes that the Communist Party leader will be able to adjust to the gradual slowdown. This will happen only in circumstances where there are no possibilities of experiencing a potentially destabilizing fluctuation in unemployment. However, anything weaker would lead to more speculations of key stimulus measures, for instance, an interest rate cut. Although the leadership has consistently provided steady aid specifically to vulnerable sectors of the economy, it has been noted that several stimuli have been ignored because China is still struggling to pay a huge local government debt (Yao 2014).

Article 2: New iPhones show a hit for Apple as quarterly profit fluctuate 13 percent

Due to strong demand for APPLE’s new larger-screen iPhones released in September, its quarterly profit increased by 13 percent. This also enabled APPLE to overcome the sluggish iPad sales (Jones 2014). Despite the more intensifying competition felt by Samsung Electronics as APPLE’s leading Smartphone competitor, Jones (2014) points out that the iPhone is attracting more consumers who are also ready to pay high prices particularly for cutting-edge handsets. Through its latest phones, Apple is profitably catching with its major competitors, such as, Samsung that have from time to time managed to post attractive sales of larger phones. It has also been noted that the marketing strength that iPhone has gained stands in contrast to sluggish iPad sales and the issues affecting Samsung’s Smartphone business (Jones 2014).

Article 3: Coal not the solution for poverty

Couchi (2014) examines that cheap coal-fueled electricity is highly considered by miners and politicians as the best alternative way out of poverty, particularly for developing nations. However, Africa has not considered this. In the business report provided by Couchi (2014) about the U.S financial group Citi, it can be noted that the booming market for African electricity has been a result of the coal approach. In the attempt to reinforce coals bearish outlook, Couchi (2014) reports that Citi discovered that a new International Energy Agency (IEA) outlook on the commodity is in contrast with the idea of BHP, the US coal producer Peabody as well as the Minerals Council of Australia which maintains that coal would play an integral role in minimizing energy poverty, particularly for developing countries. Despite its metallurgical and thermal forms, coal is considered the second-biggest mineral exported from Australia after iron ore (Couchi 2014).

Article 4: Ebola could be in the headlines, but tobacco is yet another killer in Africa

Research conducted by The Guardian (2014) shows that although Ebola dominates the headlines, there is yet another killer pandemic of great importance that continues to kill many people in the African continent unnoticeably. It is has been noted that tobacco kills at least one between two long term smokers. Currently, it is anticipated to kill 1 billion people globally before 2100. This is relatively more compared to the current number of people who die of Ebola. The Guardian (2014) terms this global issue as injustice and inequality because Transnational Tobacco Companies (TTCs), such as UK-based British American Tobacco (BAT) earn humungous profits yet they cause economic damage worthy over half a trillion dollars each year. Besides, TTCs contribute more to environmental degradation and thus create risks that compromise the health as well as the sustainability of populations. To earn more profits, TTCs are currently shifting and expanding their business to untapped markets in regions with unrestricted opportunities for growth (The Guardian 2014).

Article 5: NAB, ANZ lead pack in building home-lending share

The home loan is still considered the major driving force in recovering credit growth for banks. In this case, National Australian Bank (NAB) and ANZ are on the frontline to encourage the big banks in taking the advantage of the mortgage market, while home and business lending are sustainably becoming strong. Therefore, NAB and ANZ have put on media their fastest growth out of the big in all the past three months (Yeates 2014). Despite the faster growth and expansion made by NAB compared to their rivals in home lending, Yeates (2014) notes that analysts see business lending as a bigger concern because the bank has lost shares and faced more pressure, particularly on its margins. Generally, the home loan market is considered a major driving force that enables banks to recover from credit growth regardless of the risks associated with life specifically in business lending (Yeates 2014).

The paper “Globalization and Culture” is an outstanding example of a business essay. Today, it is common to hear people refer to the world as ‘a global village’. This has been a result of the process of globalization. This process has opened up and improved trade across regional and national borders. Not only has globalization enhanced economic interactions across nations but also improved access to information and uplifted the fight for human rights, among other benefits. Recent technological and communication developments along with improved road networks have been the key drivers of globalization. However, critics of globalization say that these benefits have been realized at a very high price: that of surrendering regional and national cultural values, mainly, for Western morals (Kwame, 2007).

Regarding this debate, two key schools of thought emerge. From one angle critics argue that globalization spreads out any and every culture all over the realm, leading to cultural heterogeneity and deeper understanding between diverse groups. This is mainly defined through the global production and distribution of commodities such that people in different parts of the world have access to commodities they would otherwise have never seen. A case in point is the cultural interaction between the United States and Japan. Teens in the U.S interact with the Japanese culture through their comic books, animations and video games, while teens in Japan interact with the American culture through watching TV shows and Hollywood movies produced in the U.S (Kwame, 2007).

On the flip side, critics argue that globalization erodes the regional and national cultural identity through cultural homogeneity. This leads to a cohesive global culture constituting diluted varieties of regional and national cultural nuances. For instance, French pastries, ‘American’ fried chicken, and Japanese sushi can be eaten in almost any part of the world. Restraint chains such as MacDonald’s and Starbucks have influenced traditions and behaviors in different countries. Even though champions of globalization claim that this merely affects consumer goods and media broadcasting, critics contend that it deteriorates customary culture ((Kwame, 2007; Czinkota, 2003).

Culture is a prevalent aspect in business whether it is in marketing, production, or human resource management. It is a key variable in the function of success in new markets (Czinkota, 2003). People’s purchasing decisions are based on a product’s design, style or color that supports their religious beliefs and practices. Empirical evidence shows that the success or failure of a company, especially, in a foreign market is reliant upon the effective managerial exercise of local religious beliefs and practices. Therefore, managers ought to be on familiar terms with their market’s religious differences given that religion influences people’s attitudes. For instance, Asians have a different attitude toward authority and women that differs from Western beliefs and practices. Whereas many parts of the world, including Asia, South America, and Africa, value collectivism very much, Americans are more individualistic. Chinese, Latin Americans and Koreans take time casually even as Americans are more proactive.

Failing to appreciate the religious beliefs and practices of the market will often lead to lots of inadvertent mistakes, such as being socially violent, cultural mix-ups, tarnished interpersonal relations, poor negotiations. As a consequence, the company’s future performance dwindles as profits decline. Lack of religious competence, or religious dogmatism, can easily put at risk millions of dollars through fruitless negotiations, lost purchases or sales, and pitiable customer relationships (Czinkota, 2003).

Cultural Literacy

Culture is a broad system that includes traditions, beliefs, attitudes, values, institutions and social interactions. This system reflects the global crunch facing the human race, and so it is a cultural catastrophe (UNESCO 1997). Dealing with such a cultural diversity calls for an important skill referred to as cultural competence. Chrisman (2007) defines cultural competence as ‘attitudes, practice skills, and system savvy for cross-cultural conditions’. The key force in work involving cultural competence is the people’s flexibility and ability to appropriately consider and treat the general public politely and in a proper way fitting their culture. Cultural literacy takes account of cultural competence plus the capacity to analytically mirror, and if needed institute change in, one’s a specific culture. Cultural literacy also comprises the capacity to examine the actions of central cultures measured against other cultures. This becomes very much useful in business. A case in point is the understanding of the effect of globalization or cross-cultural businesses on indigenous cultures all over the world.

Cultural literacy has been likened to an iceberg, through the iceberg model of culture. This is due to the expanse contextual material one requires to understand the culture. Cultural literacy often involves much more than the information essentially spoken. In other words, to understand the meaning of a cultural term, one has got to have much information that is not revealed by the bare meaning of that term. The clear cultural meaning of the term is like the ‘tip of an iceberg’ meaning that the deeper understanding lies below the casual meaning of the term and it constitutes a person’s own applicable information. It is known that 15 per cent or less of an iceberg can be seen above the water surface, 85 per cent or more of the iceberg is submerged below the water surface. This means that there is quite a different picture depicted shallowly from that which is the actual translation in the literature, giving the imprint that implied information comprises relatively tiny bits and pieces of information, left out by the correspondent due to dismissal or suitability (Hawkes, 2001).

Figure 1: Iceberg Model of Culture

It has been stated earlier that culture is a broad system that among other aspects involves religion. The world is very diverse in terms of culture as well as religion. Each culture embodies a creation in itself and yet it is not closed. Cultures give religious convictions semantics, and religions provide decisive connotation to each culture. Religion is a way of life for numerous cultures saturating every one human action. In other cultures, it characterizes the utmost ambitions of human life, and for others, religion is an institution that claims to convey a meaning of deliverance (Hawkes, 2001).

The paper “The Different Communications ” is an outstanding example of a management assignment. Phone: 23 rd August: the communication was made to remind that the bill for the mobile phone is outstanding and if not paid within the date will have a fine imposed on it. The communication was successful as it helped to fulfill my need and acted as a reminder. Further, the call also ensured that it was complete and all the details like outstanding amount, due date, late fine, and other details were provided. The call was complete and highlighted the important aspect which if ignored could have an impact on my usage.

Radio: 24 th August: The communication was made regarding the areas which are having huge traffic and showed the roads which should be avoided. The communication was successful as it helped to fulfill my requirements by highlighting the different roads which need to be avoided and which need to be used. The communication was further clear and loud regarding the different roads and path which should be avoided. This method acted as one where proper guidance was provided and acting in the correct way was highlighted so those correct decisions can be taken.

Communications that were unsuccessful

Television: 24 th August: The communication was made regarding the sale of women’s garments. The communication was ineffective because in the first instance it didn’t meet my needs and requirements as I was not looking to shop. Secondly, the message was not constructed properly as it didn’t speak about the brands which were available on sale, the different garments which were available, and also didn’t highlight the date when the sale would end.

Phone: 25 th August: The communication was made regarding the mobile bill payment which has already been made. The call was ineffective because it was not required as the payment has been made and I had the required receipt. The call was instead a wastage of time. In addition to it, the call was not constructed properly and required to focus on areas through which a message would have been enough as a source of communication to ensure that the payment was correctly entered.

Reasons for communication not to be successful

The communication process can be improved in the following ways

Firstly, ensuring that the communication which is made is required and is addressed properly so that the person who receives the communication gains from it (Nicholas, 2013)

Secondly, providing complete information is essential as it will serve as a benchmark to evaluate the manner in which different information is passed (Anne & Bochner, 2007). It will also help to understand the important matter which has been spoken and will help to highlight the manner in which changes can make so that proper communication and message is passed

Thirdly, the targeted audience was wrong and it is important to correct the audience (Mehrabian and Susan, 2007). This will help to improve the validity and reliability of the communication and will ensure that the process of communication becomes effective and is directed towards the correct person

Fourthly, the process of communication needs to be improved and changed so that the message is correctly interpreted and passed with the same intention (Imahori & Lanigan, 2012). This will help the listeners to evaluate the message in the correct form and will help to ensure maximum response.

Fifthly, the media which are used needs to be chosen wisely as the usage of a message instead of a phone call for bill paid confirmation would have been more helpful and could have caught the attention of the audience in a better way. This would have multiplied the effectiveness of communication and would have helped to understand the important points and issues.

The process of communication thereby requires working on the smaller and important aspect so that the overall process of communication improves and helps to provide the required dimensions through which effectiveness can be gained in the manner messages are passed.

The paper “Why Did Telefonica Initially Focus on Latin America” is a perfect example of a business assignment. Based on Telefonica’s objectives of rapidly increasing shareholder value, profits and achieving growth, it had to take advantage of location economies. Hence, the company initially focused on Latin America, as it must have perceived FDI to be a means for circumnavigating trade barriers. Indeed, the reasons why Telefonica initially focused on Latin America are perceivable through the lens of the Uppsala Model Theory.

According to the theory, the internalisation of a company across many foreign markets is correlated to psychic distance, where the first entry is to foreign markets that are familiar and closer in regards to the psychic distance of the host country, before making subsequent entries in foreign markets with greater psychic distance. Psychic distance comprises the differences in culture, language and political systems (Falvo & Parshad 2005).

Within the perspective of Uppsala Model Theory, it should be argued that companies tend to gradually increase their activities in international markets through a series of incremental stages, where the succeeding steps are anchored in learning and adapting to foreign markets (Pandian & Sim 2002).

This implies that the firms fast gain experience from the markets, where they have closer cultural ties before expanding to foreign markets. For instance, Telefonica had to first gain experience as a telecoms operator in Latin America, since the region has deep cultural ties with Spain, where it is headquartered.

Strategic competitive advantages

The company’s decision to slowly expand to Europe appeared opportunistic as well as strategic. Europe had initially possessed trade barriers that lowered the chances of successful entries. Essentially, there is a correlation between culture and national competitive advantage, where countries that are likely to impose trade barriers, in terms of competition are bypassed in preference to those that are less competitive (Enu & Attah-Obeng 2010). This argument is based on Dunning’s Eclectic Theory, which hypothesises that a company will always seek to leverage their specific advantages, including marketing, knowledge, skilled personnel, technology and information (Dunning 2001).

In this case, the Latin American markets were growing rapidly. They also experienced an increased high adoption rate and usage of mobile phones and internet connections. Additionally, after the Spanish government privatised Telefonica and deregulated the Spanish telecommunications market, the company’s core objective became increasing shareholder value, profits and achieving growth.

This implies that profit maximisation is a major drive to foreign direct development; through the use of particular advantages the company has (Glesem et al. 1990). It, therefore, had to select a region that would enable it to achieve higher profits. The company selected Latin America over Europe. Latin America had few entry barriers, such as competition and government regulations, while Europe had greater barriers due to more competitors. This implies that imperfect competition within the marketplace is a key incentive for expanding abroad. Besides, European mobile telecommunications operators had agreed they would not invade each other’s markets. However, after the entry of America Movil into Latin America, Telefonica faced a stronger competitor, forcing it to expand to Europe.

Commenting on other student’s post:

Why did Telefonica initially focus on Latin America?  Why was it slower to expand in Europe, even though Spain is a member of the European Union?

While the student hinted at the growth of multinational enterprises, a brief outline detailing why the company expanded and reasons for expansion could have provided a more relevant backdrop. Additionally, the reference to the Socialist Party by Popular Part in the general election of 1996 was irrelevant and out of context. The student’s decision to link the factors for the European Union to the opening of the telecommunications sector was misplaced. Rather, the student should have selected reasons why Telefonica selected to begin operating in Latin America before making headway to Europe. However, reference to high competition in the sector in Europe was justified.

Accordingly, the student should have explored the close cultural ties between Spain and Latin America, as the major drivers that triggered Telefonica to first launch in the region before expanding to Europe. In supporting the argument, a reference to a relevant theory, such as the Uppsala Model Theory could have pointed to the reasons why internationalisation of a company across many foreign markets is correlated to psychic distance (Uhasselt. be 2005). This includes why the initial entry is mostly made in foreign markets that are familiar and closer in regards to the psychic distance of the host country. Afterward, an explanation of what this meant to Telefonica based on the theory could have been appropriate (Gustafsson & Zasada 2011). For instance, the student should have stated that firms get to fast gain experience from the markets where they have closer cultural ties before expanding to foreign markets.

The student should have based his arguments on Dunning’s Eclectic Theory, which proposes that firms tend to use their peculiar advantages such as marketing, knowledge, skilled personnel, technology and information (Rugman 2010). Further, he should have stated that companies view FDI as a means to circumnavigate trade barriers before going forth to describe the correlation between culture and national competitive advantage, where countries that are likely to impose trade barriers in terms of competition are bypassed in preference to those that are less competitive.

While the student was also justified in arguing that the company sought to maximise profitability and to increase shareholder value, no basis was provided to support the argument, based on the case study. At this stage, the student should have suggested a theory to support his argument (Morgan & Katsikeas 1999). Later, the student should have provided examples from the case study to defend the choice of the theory he selected. However, the student provided examples outside the case study, such as “Telefonica has been able to establish footprints in 24 countries and having an average of 120,000 professionals with consolidated revenues of 24,957 million euros in January-June 2014 and more than 315.7 million customers at June 2014”

Additionally, the reasons the student outlined as the likely motivators for Telefonica to launch first in Latin America before making entries in Europe cannot be justified, as they have not been argued appropriately. For instance, in suggesting political developments, taking policy advantage and the fact that the markets shared a common language, the student should have discussed the concept of psychic distance and the related theory, such as the Uppsala Model Theory.

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Table of contents

The Science of Strong Business Writing

by Bill Birchard

Summary .   

Brain scans are showing us in new detail exactly what entices readers. Scientists can see a group of midbrain neurons—the “reward circuit”—light up as people respond to everything from a simple metaphor to an unexpected story twist. The big takeaway? Whether you’re crafting an email to a colleague or an important report for the board, you can write in a way that delights readers on a primal level, releasing pleasure chemicals in their brains.

Bill Birchard is an author and writing coach who’s worked with many successful businesspeople. He’s drawn on that experience and his review of the scientific literature to identify eight features of satisfying writing: simplicity, specificity, surprise, stirring language, seductiveness, smart ideas, social content, and storytelling. In this article, he shares tips for using those eight S’s to captivate readers and help your message stick.

Strong writing skills are essential for anyone in business. You need them to effectively communicate with colleagues, employees, and bosses and to sell any ideas, products, or services you’re offering.

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Essay on E-Commerce: Scope, Importance, Advantages and Limitations

Essay on E-Commerce: Scope, Importance, Advantages and Limitations! Read this essay to learn about essay on e commerce, e-commerce essay topics, essay on ecommerce in india, e-commerce essays advantages and disadvantages, essay on e commerce and online shopping, e-commerce essay conclusion!

Essay on e-commerce:.

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce, is the buying and selling of product or service over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online transaction processing, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems.

Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at one point in the transaction’s life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail, mobile devices and telephones as well.

Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e-business. It also consists of the exchanging of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions.

Even today, some considerable time after the so called ‘dot com/Internet revolution’, electronic commerce (e-commerce) remains a relatively new, emerging and constantly changing area of business management and information technology.

There has been and continues to be much publicity and discussion about e-commerce. Library catalogues and shelves are filled with books and articles on the subject.

However, there remains a sense of confusion, suspicion and misunderstanding surrounding the area, which has been exacerbated by the different contexts in which electronic commerce is used, coupled with the myriad related buzzwords and acronyms.

In the emerging global economy, e-commerce and e-business have increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. The integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in business has revolutionized relationships within organizations and those between and among organizations and individuals.

Specifically, the use of ICT in business has enhanced productivity, encouraged greater customer participation, and enabled mass customization, besides reducing costs. With developments in the Internet and Web-based technologies, distinctions between traditional markets and the global electronic marketplace-such as business capital size, among others-are gradually being narrowed down.

The name of the game is strategic positioning, the ability of a company to determine emerging opportunities and utilize the necessary human capital skills to make the most of these opportunities through an e-business strategy that is simple, workable and practicable within the context of a global information milieu and new economic environment.

With its effect of leveling the playing field, e-commerce coupled with the appropriate strategy and policy approach enables small and medium scale enterprises to compete with large and capital-rich businesses.

On another plane, developing countries are given increased access to the global marketplace, where they compete with and complement the more developed economies.

Most, if not all, developing countries are already participating in e-commerce, either as sellers or buyers. However, to facilitate e-commerce growth in these countries, the relatively underdeveloped information infrastructure must be improved.

Among the areas for policy interventions are:

(i) High Internet access costs, including connection service fees, communication fees, and hosting charges for websites with sufficient bandwidth;

(ii) Limited availability of credit cards and a nationwide credit card system;

(iii) Underdeveloped transportation infrastructure resulting in slow and uncertain delivery of goods and services;

(iv) Network security problems and insufficient security safeguards;

(v) Lack of skilled human resources and key technologies;

(vi) Content restriction on national security and other public policy grounds, which greatly affect business in the field of information services, such as the media and entertainment sectors;

(vi) Cross-border issues, such as the recognition of transactions under laws of other ASEAN member-countries, certification services, improvement of delivery methods and customs facilitation; and

(vii) The relatively low cost of labor, which implies that a shift to a comparatively capital intensive solution including investments on the improvement of the physical and network infrastructure is not apparent.

It is recognized that in the Information age, Internet commerce is a powerful tool in the economic growth of developing countries. While there are indications of e-commerce patronage among large firms in developing countries, there seems to be little and negligible use of the Internet for commerce among small and medium sized firms.

E-commerce promises better business for SME’s and sustainable economic development for developing countries. However, this is premised on strong political will and good governance, as well as on a responsible and supportive private sector within an effective policy framework. This primer seeks to provide policy guidelines toward this end.

Essay on the History of E-Commerce:

History of ecommerce dates back to the invention of the very old notion of “sell and buy”, electricity, cables, computers, modems, and the Internet. Ecommerce became possible in 1991 when the Internet was opened to commercial use. Since that date thousands of businesses have taken up residence at web sites.

At first, the term ecommerce meant the process of execution of commercial transactions electronically with the help of the leading technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) and Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) which gave an opportunity for users to exchange business information and do electronic transactions.

The ability to use these technologies appeared in the late 1970s and allowed business companies and organizations to send commercial documentation electronically. Although the Internet began to advance in popularity among the general public in 1994, it took approximately four years to develop the security protocols and DSL which allowed rapid access and a persistent connection to the Internet.

In 2000 a great number of business companies in the United States and Western Europe represented their services in the World Wide Web.

At this time the meaning of the word ecommerce was changed. People began to define the term ecommerce as the process of purchasing of available goods and services over the Internet using secure connections and electronic payment services.

Although the dot-com collapse in 2000 led to unfortunate results and many of ecommerce companies disappeared, the “brick and mortar” retailers recognized the advantages of electronic commerce and began to add such capabilities to their web sites (e.g., after the online grocery store Webvan came to ruin, two supermarket chains, Albertsons and Safeway, began to use ecommerce to enable their customers to buy groceries online).

By the end of 2001, the largest form of ecommerce, Business-to- Business (B2B) model, had around $700 billion in transactions.

According to all available data, ecommerce sales continued to grow in the next few years and, by the end of 2007, ecommerce sales accounted for 3.4 percent of total sales. Ecommerce has a great deal of advantages over “brick and mortar” stores and mail order catalogs. Consumers can easily search through a large database of products and services.

They can see actual prices, build an order over several days and email it as a “wish list” hoping that someone will pay for their selected goods. Customers can compare prices with a click of the mouse and buy the selected product at best prices.

Online vendors, in their turn, also get distinct advantages. The web and its search engines provide a way to be found by customers without expensive advertising campaign. Even small online shops can reach global markets. Web technology also allows to track customer preferences and to deliver individually-tailored marketing.

History of ecommerce is unthinkable without Amazon and E-bay which were among the first Internet companies to allow electronic transactions. Thanks to their founders we now have a handsome ecommerce sector and enjoy the buying and selling advantages of the Internet. Currently there are 5 largest and most famous worldwide internet retailers- Amazon, Dell, Staples, Office Depot and Hewlett Packard.

According to statistics, the most popular categories of products sold in the World Wide Web are music, books, computers, office supplies and other consumer electronics.

Amazon.com, Inc. is one of the most famous ecommerce companies and is located in Seattle, Washington (USA). It was founded in 1994 by Jeff Bezos and was one of the first American e-commerce companies to sell products over the Internet.

After the dot-com collapse Amazon lost its position as a successful business model, however, in 2003 the company made its first annual profit which was the first step to the further development.

At the outset Amazon.com was considered as an online bookstore, but in time it extended a variety of goods by adding electronics, software, DVDs, video games, music CDs, MP3s, apparel, footwear, health products, etc.

The original name of the company was Cadabra.com, but shortly after it become popular in the Internet Bezos decided to rename his business “Amazon” after the world’s most voluminous river. In 1999 Jeff Bezos was entitled as the Person of the Year by Time Magazine in recognition of the company’s success.

Although the company’s main headquarters is located in the USA, WA, Amazon has set up separate websites in other economically developed countries such as the United Kingdom, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, and China. The company supports and operates retail web sites for many famous businesses, including Marks & Spencer, Lacoste, The NBA, Bebe Stores, Target, etc.

Amazon is one of the first ecommerce businesses to establish an affiliate marketing program, and nowadays the company gets about 40% of its sales from affiliates and third party sellers who list and sell goods on the web site.

In 2008 Amazon penetrated into the cinema and is currently sponsoring the film “The Stolen Child” with 20th Century Fox. According to the research conducted in 2008, the domain Amazon.com attracted about 615 million customers every year.

The most popular feature of the web site is the review system, i.e. the ability for visitors to submit their reviews and rate any product on a rating scale from one to five stars. Amazon.com is also well-known for its clear and user-friendly advanced search facility which enables visitors to search for keywords in the full text of many books in the database.

One more company which has contributed much to the process of e-commerce development is Dell Inc., an American company located in Texas, which stands third in computer sales within the industry behind Hewlett Packard and Acer.

Launched in 1994 as a static page, Dell.com has made rapid strides, and by the end of 1997 was the first company to record a million dollars in online sales. The company’s unique strategy of selling goods over the World Wide Web with no retail outlets and no middlemen has been admired by a lot of customers and imitated by a great number of ecommerce businesses.

The key factor of Dell’s success is that Dell.com enables customers to choose and to control, i.e. visitors can browse the site and assemble PCs piece by piece choosing each single component based on their budget and requirements. According to statistics, approximately half of the company’s profit comes from the web site.

In 2007, Fortune magazine ranked Dell as the 34th-largest company in the Fortune 500 list and 8th on its annual Top 20 list of the most successful and admired companies in the USA in recognition of the company’s business model.

History of ecommerce is a history of a new, virtual world which is evolving according to the customer advantage. It is a world which we are all building together brick by brick, laying a secure foundation for the future generations.

Essay on the Scope of E-Commerce:

There is high scope of e-commerce in each aspect of business, at present it is in the embryonic stage but in future e-commerce would be the part of day to day activity of business firms.

Following are the marketing areas where we seek scope of e-commerce:

(i) Marketing, sales and sales promotion.

(ii) Pre-sales, subcontracts, supply.

(iii) Financing and insurance.

(iv) Commercial transactions – ordering, delivery, payment.

(v) Product service and maintenance.

(vi) Co-operative product development.

(vii) Distributed co-operative working.

(viii) Use of public and private services.

(ix) Business-to-administrations

(x) Transport and logistics.

(xi) Public procurement.

(xii) Automatic trading of digital goods like games, learning material, songs and music etc.

(xiii) Accounting and financial management.

(xiv) Legal advice

Essay on the Need for E-Commerce:

E-commerce and e-business are not solely the Internet, websites or dot com companies. It is about a new business concept that incorporates all previous business management and economic concepts.

As such, e-business and e-commerce impact on many areas of business and disciplines of business management studies:

1. Marketing:

Issues of online advertising, marketing strategies, consumer’s behavior and cultures. One of the areas in which it impacts particularly is direct marketing. In the past this was mainly door-to-door, home parties and mail order using catalogues or leaflets.

This moved to telemarketing and TV selling with the advances in telephone and television technology and finally developed into e-marketing spawning ‘e-CRM’ data mining and the like by creating new channels for direct sales and promotion.

2. Computer Sciences:

Development of different network and computing technologies and languages to support e-commerce and e-business, for example linking front and back office legacy systems with the ‘web based’ technology.

3. Finance and Accounting:

On-line banking; issues of transaction costs; accounting and auditing implications where ‘intangible’ assets and human capital must be tangibly valued in an increasingly knowledge based economy.

4. Economics:

The impact of e-commerce on local and global economies, understanding the concept of a digital and knowledge-based economy and how this fits into economic theory.

5. Production and Operations Management:

The impact of on-line processing has led to reduced cycle times. It takes seconds to deliver digitized products and services electronically; similarly the time for processing orders can be reduced by more than 90 per cent from days to minutes.

Production systems are integrated with finance marketing and other functional systems as well as with business partners and customers.

6. Production and Operations Management:

Moving from mass production to demand driven, mass customization customer pull rather than the manufacturer push of the past. Web based Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP) can also be used to forward orders directly to designers and/or production floor within seconds, thus cutting production cycle times by up to 50 per cent, especially when manufacturing plants, engineers and designers are located in different countries.

In sub-assembler companies, where a product is assembled from a number of different components sourced from a number of manufacturers, communication, collaboration and coordination are critical so electronic bidding can yield cheaper components and having flexible and adaptable procurement systems allows fast changes at a minimum cost so inventories can be minimized and money saved.

7. Management Information Systems:

Analysis, design and implementation of E-business systems within an organization; issues of integration of front-end and back-end systems.

8. Human Resource Management:

Issues of on-line recruiting, home working and ‘intra- pruners’ working on a project by project basis replacing permanent employees.

9. Business Law and Ethics:

The different legal and ethical issues that have arisen as a result of a global ‘virtual’ market. Issues are copyright laws, privacy of customer information, and legality of electronic contracts.

Importance of E-Commerce :

Today, we can see e-commerce is becoming a part of study of almost all the courses in management and commerce. It is an integral part of any book or manuscript that is written on retailing, and it claims a significant share in this text also. The reason behind this lies in the fact that e-commerce technology is different and more powerful than any of the other technologies we have seen in the past century.

While these other technologies transformed economic life in the 20th century, the evolving Internet and other ITs will shape the 21st century in many ways. The foremost of these is the rise of a sizeable class of Internet-habituated consumers, and then is the creation of an ecosystem essential for e-tailing’s growth. In India’s case, both these factors are poised to fall into place rapidly.

Prior to the development of e-tailing, the process of marketing and selling goods was a mass- marketing and/or sales force-driven process. Consumers were considered as passive targets of advertising (promotional) “campaigns,” and branding blitzes were intended to influence their long-term product perceptions (brand positioning) and immediate purchasing behavior.

Selling was conducted in typical well-insulated “channels.” Consumers were viewed to be trapped by geographical and social boundaries, unable to search widely for the alternatives with best price and quality. Information about prices, costs, and tariffs could be hidden from the customers to get the resultant profitable “information asymmetries” for the selling firm.

Here, information asymmetry means any disparity in relevant market information among parties in a transaction. E-commerce has challenged much of these traditional retail business norms, assumptions, and behavior.

Essay on the Principles of E-Commerce:

The various principles of e-commerce are as follows:

1. Sell Everywhere – be Seen and be Shopped:

Customer expectations for how and when they buy products have changed substantially over the past few years. Multi-channel selling was once limited to managing direct sales, a call centre, a website, and possibly a partner channel.

With E-Commerce 2.0, this has been expanded and refined to include various online channels. These new channels include additional branded websites, various online marketplaces (such as eBay, Amazon.com, Overstock.com and others), and online shopping comparison engines (such as Shopping.com, PriceGrabber.com and others).

2. The Long Tail -Target Niche Markets:

E-Tailers who can connect with niche markets and provide a better online experience are capitalizing on new-found revenue. In the past, the obvious strategy was to find the bulk of the market and then mass market to them. With so much competition, many online merchants have adapted by discovering new methods and tools that target specific niche markets.

These niche markets are not flooded by the big brands and respond well to content and online experiences directed specifically at them. In many cases, the demands of these niche markets are simply not being met by big brands.

The Long Tail principle of E-Commerce 2.0 is about being able to reach beyond the traditional prospect base and tap the potential of niche markets.

3. Decentralized Content Generation – Data from the Community:

Buyers were once along for the ride in the e-Commerce process. Now they are in the driver’s seat. The content buyers create through forums such as product reviews, blogs and social networks influences other buyers as much or more than any promotion E-Tailers create.

Forums like YouTube and MySpace underscore how content created by consumers has become a viable and valuable part of the promotional and sales cycle for retailers. The Canadian e- Commerce site Wasabi even encourages buyers to submit any offers that they find through social and economic incentives.

While some E-Tailers are frightened by the perceived loss of control over content being published, these new avenues of data acquisition greatly increase the richness and diversity of information available, ultimately helping the buyer make better decisions.

4. Personalized Shopping – Make it Fun to Shop and Easy to Buy:

Shopping has long been considered a recreational activity by many. Shopping online is no exception. In fact, with the sophistication and speed of online shopping tools, consumers are spending more and more on E-Tailer sites.

The best of these shopping tools takes into account that buyers want to be entertained and pleased. Buyers are just as in the brick-and-mortar world do not like long checkout processes. When building your online brand, regardless of channel, remember that speedy checkout equates to happier buyers who are more likely to return and buy again.

5. Mash-Ups -Integrate and Collaborate:

Integration is nothing new, but what is new is how dynamically these integrations need to be initiated, modified, and used. The e-Commerce 2.0 environment is built upon many interrelated systems and processes that require information to be exchanged dynamically.

This happens between many systems based on individual user experience and the context of a particular customer interaction or order. Seamless access and interaction between systems is what promotes increased conversions and buyer loyalty, as well as attracts new buyers.

6. Data is King-Collect a Wealth of Opportunities:

Gone are the days of looking at purely operational reports. Seeing how many listings you have in a marketplace is fine, but it does not tell you how you compare to other E-Tailers, what your performance is like over time, or what other channels may be more profitable.

E-Commerce 2.0 is about collecting and managing data from all online channels to enable better business decisions. Discovering product opportunities relies on being able to define business objectives carefully, identify related key performance indicators (KPIs) and receive continual data to act on it.

In E-Commerce business is possible in various combinations like:

(i) B2B – Business to Business

(ii) B2C – Business to Consumer

(iii) C2B – Consumer to Business

(iv) B2E – Business to Employee

(v) C2C – Consumer to Consumer

(i) B2B – Business to Business:

E-Commerce has been in use for quite a few years and is more commonly known as EDI (electronic data interchange). In the past, EDI was conducted on a direct link of some form between the two businesses where as today the most popular connection is the internet. B2B E-Commerce could be used as a significant enabler in their move towards greater trading partner collaboration. E-Commerce technologies have allowed even the smallest businesses to improve the processes for interfacing with customers. They are now able to develop services for individual clients rather than provide a standard service.

The two businesses pass information electronically to each other.

Typically in the B2B environment, E-Commerce can be used in the following processes:

(i) Procurement

(ii) Order fulfillment.

(iii) Managing trading-partner relationships.

B2B is helpful in reduction in transaction costs and improvement of product quality and customer service and insistence by large businesses that all of their suppliers link into their e-commerce system as a condition of doing business. In addition, there is greater demand by final consumers for fast order fulfillment and the ability to track an order as it is being processed and delivered.

(ii) B2C – Business to Consumer:

Business to Consumer e-commerce is where the consumer accesses the system of the supplier. It is still a two way function but is usually done solely through the Internet.

B2C can also relate to receiving information such as share prices, insurance quotes, on­line newspapers, or weather forecasts. When the product cannot be physically examined, traditional commerce has no advantage over the convenience of electronic commerce. The largest business-to-consumer e-commerce involves intangible product that can be delivered directly to the consumer’s computer cover the network is composed of five broad categories-entertainment, travel newspaper/magazines, financial services, and e-mail. Entertainment, online games, music and video, is the largest category of products sold to consumers.

(iii) C2B – Consumer to Business:

Consumer to Business is a growing area where the consumer requests a specific service from the business. Like reservation in a hotel in a specific time period.

(iv) B2E – Business to Employee:

Business to Employee e-commerce is growing in use it is in practice in business like pharmacy marketing, supply chain management, insurance, IT companies etc. This form of e-commerce is more commonly known as an ‘Intranet’. An intranet is a web site developed to provide employees of an organization with information. The intranet is usually access through the organizations network, it can and is often extended to an entrant which uses the Internet but restricts uses by sign on and password.

(v) C2C – Consumer to Consumer:

These sites are usually some form of an auction site. The consumer lists items for sale with a commercial auction site. Other consumers access the site and place bids on the items. The site then provides a connection between the seller and buyer to complete the transaction.

Essay on the Key Elements Supporting E-Commerce :

Here are seven important infrastructure decisions that ecommerce businesses face:

Of all the infrastructure elements, marketing may be the most important. To succeed, your website must be found. Once visitors are on your site, you need to keep them there and compel them to buy from you. That’s the job of your marketing team.

Whether it is website design, social media, search marketing, merchandising, email or other forms of advertising, it’s all about marketing.

To effectively manage marketing activities in-house is very challenging. Most small ecommerce businesses outsource some element of marketing.

2. Facilitie s:

A key competitive advantage that ecommerce businesses have over brick-and-mortar stores is the investment in their physical offices and warehouses. In many cases, you can host your business out of a home office and your basement or garage.

If you drop ship or outsource fulfillment, you may be able to do that for a long period of time. Even when you grow to have many employees, you can set up your offices in class B or C space, as you have no need for a fancy store in the right location.

A word of advice is to keep your options flexible. Try to find an office park that has a wide variety of spaces in different sizes. You may be able to start in a smaller space and move up to a larger one without penalty, as your needs change.

3. Customer Service :

There are many choices today for delivering high-quality customer service. You can manage those activities in-house or outsource to a third party. Basic customer service for sales and post- sales activities can be handled using email, and by providing an 800 number for more extensive phone support.

A customer-management system will make those activities easier, but for smaller companies it is not a requirement.

Live chat will impact your operations as someone needs to be available during specified hours of operation. Be sure to gauge the impact of that on your organization, if you decide to handle those activities in house.

4. Information Technology :

Choosing the right ecommerce platform is one of the most important decisions you will make in your business. Do you want to build and host your own system, outsource the development and then manage the system going forward, or using a host, software as a service platform that is more turnkey and externally managed?

If you build and host your own system, you may need more cash up front and skilled administrators and developers on your staff. By using a SaaS platform, you will not need to host or manage the system in-house, but you may still need web developers on staff.

Choosing to outsource the development and hosting will reduce your staffing costs, but you will incur higher costs for any future enhancements or changes to your websites.

There are pros and cons to any approach. Just be sure to think through the impacts on both your staffing and your cash flow and bottom line before you move forward.

5. Fulfillment :

Another key decision is whether you will manage your own inventory or outsource those activities to a fulfillment house or through drop shipping arrangements with your suppliers.

Managing your own inventory will provide you with a high level of control, but you will tie up your cash in inventory, warehouse space, and your own fulfillment staff. In some industries like the jewelry supply industry that my previous business was in managing your own inventory was the most logical choice.

We had no alternative for drop shipping, and most items were purchased in bulk and were very small. We did not trust preparation and fulfillment to an outside service.

Select the best fulfillment option to meet your needs. Be sure to understand the costs involved and analyze the other options before moving forward.

6. Finance and Administration :

As with other business operations, you will need to decide if you want to manage your finance and administration activities in-house, outsource, or a hybrid of the two. If your ecommerce platform is tightly integrated to your accounting system, you may have very little need for an in-house bookkeeper.

If you use separate systems for your website, order management and accounting, you may require more help for data entry and making sure that the information is properly managed. Many ecommerce companies use outside services for vendor payments, payroll, and other basic accounting activities.

They decide to focus on the sales, marketing, and customer service. This allows them to maintain a focus on growing their businesses, instead of paying an internal accountant or doing that work you as the business owner.

On the administration side, you need a leadership team and provide direction to them. Good communication is important, whether you have 3 or 100 employees. Whether you choose to be more authoritative or democratic in your management style is up to you.

But choose a style and stay consistent. Be sure that everyone understands their roles, as well as the overall business strategies. You may need to adjust your approach as your business evolves.

7. Human Resources :

Many small-business owners avoid the human resources function. Recruiting, setting up compensation, maintaining compliance and other HR activities are specialized and time consuming.

You may choose to bring the resources in-house to manage those activities, but also evaluate outsourcing them. There are many individuals and agencies well equipped to take on your HR activities.

Impact of E-Commerce on Business:

i. Transformation in the Marketplace:

Now business can be conducted at anywhere any place accessible to internet. Firms can offer their products and services with involvement of intermediaries. Traditional intermediary functions will be replaced, new products and markets will be developed, and new and far closer relationships will be created between business and consumers. It will change the organization of work- new channels of knowledge diffusion and human interactivity in the workplace will be opened more flexibility.

ii. Fast Growth of Business:

E-commerce will serve as a catalyst and diffuse more widely changes that are already under way in the economy, such as the reform of regulations, the establishment of electronic links between businesses (EDI), the globalization of economic activity, and the demand for higher-skilled workers. Likewise, many pectoral trends already under way, such as electronic banking, direct booking of travel, and one-to-one marketing, will be accelerated because of electronic commerce.

iii. Helpful in Globalization:

Information exchange was constraint in transnational business but e-commerce provides facilities to MNCs and global organizations to transfer real time information to employees, stake holders and customers. E-commerce over the Internet greatly increases interactivity in the economy. These linkages support business organization in expansion of business.

iv. Electronic Commerce Growth:

At present, electronic commerce over the Internet is relatively small but is growing very rapidly. At present electronic commerce is in a birth stage, and technology and market dynamics are still casting its basic shape. People resist using e-commerce. This is especially true for the business-to-consumer segment, where people concerns about security of payment, potentially fraudulent merchants, privacy of personal data, etc.

v. New Employment Opportunities:

Electronic commerce will cause changes in the mix of skills required, driving demand for information technology professionals. For electronic commerce, IT expertise also needs to be joined with strong business applications skills, and therefore requires a flexible, multi-skilled works force. Apart from contingent skills needed to support electronic commerce transactions and applications, there will be a requirement of hardware and software professionals.

vi. New Business Opportunities:

Changing industry structures and electronic commerce systems allow for new business models, based on the wide availability of information and its direct distribution-to end customers. Going further than new ones, we also see new business models are new forms of intermediaries, or information brokers. The examples are currently the directory providers or the search engines, such as Yahoo and Lycos, bidding sites like e-bay, Internet shopping, on line trading, online consultancy etc.

E-commerce is a technology driven activity which require an infrastructure that supports the seamless location, transfer, and integration of business information in a secure and reliable manner. Adaptability of e-commerce in small cities and village is very low due to non-availability of basic infrastructure.

vii. Product Promotion:

Through a direct, information rich and interactive contact with customers. The first use of electronic commerce is to provide product information through online electronic brochures and buying guides. This can be seen as an additional marketing channel, allowing reaching maximum number of customers the advantage of electronic commerce as way to deliver product information and its availability anytime, anywhere, provided the customer has right infrastructure to access the information.

viii. New Sales Channel:

Multidirectional approach of e-commerce has created new sales channels by which firms can directly reach to customers, suppliers, and stake holders, considering electronic commerce and in particular the World Wide Web, as a sales channel makes sense for two kinds of products- Physical products sometimes also sold in conventional stores, which can be advertised and for ordered online, such as computer hardware or wine, products which can additionally be delivered over the electronic commerce medium, such as information or software.

Electronic commerce strategies are of primary value in markets where information is of significant added value to the products being brought, rather than in commodity markets. Centralizing, this information digitally is therefore of significant value for customers.

ix. Customer Service:

E-commerce provides on line customer care and support services. The ability to provide online answers to problems, through resolution guides, archives of company encountered problems, electronic mail interaction, in the future audio and video support and all that 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, builds customer confidence and retention. Monitoring how customers use this support information also provides insights on improvement areas in current products and the list of issues encountered with products can be significant source of product feedback for the design of new products.

x. Customer Relationships:

Electronic commerce systems will allow for more personalized relationships between suppliers and their customers, due to their ability to collect information on customer’s needs and behavioural patterns. The role of technology in learning about customers is its ability to record every event in the relationship, such as customers asking for information about a product, buying one, requesting customer service, etc. Throughout all these interactions, either over the phone, in person or online, the needs of the customer are identified and will feed future marketing efforts.

Essay on the Basic Elements of E-Commerce Hosting:

Ecommerce web hosting is gaining swift popularity with every passing day as more and more people use the internet to shop and purchase things. Even traditional brick and mortar businesses are also looking for options to make their products and services available online so as to increase the customer base by allowing geographically dispersed customers to access their online store.

Since an online store is such an important part of the business, you may need to put in a lot of time and effort while selecting your ecommerce hosting company.

Following are the key elements of ecommerce hosting:

1. Security :

You need to bear in mind that while making online sales, you will have access to the credit card information of many clients and such information is very sensitive. Hence, online stores are prone to security issues as hackers try to gain access to such information.

Thus, to ensure that the client information is not at risk, you need to choose an ecommerce hosting provider which offers tight security options such as sophisticated firewalls, valid SSL certificates and anti- phishing software.

2. Flexibility :

If you are a startup business your business demands might not be as high as those of large businesses and you may opt for an ecommerce plan which fulfills your immediate hosting needs. However, as businesses grow, demands increase and you may need more space and bandwidth.

If your current ecommerce hosting provider does not offer flexible plans, you may need to transfer your hosting account to another provider. Thus, keep your expansion plans in mind while selecting a hosting company and make sure your provider offers flexible plans.

3. Reliability :

The key to the success of an online store is convenience and round the clock availability. People generally use online stores because they are accessible at all times from anywhere in the world.

However, if your hosting company does not provide maximum uptime, your online store may not be available to customers hence forcing them to purchase from your competitors. Thus, choosing a hosting provider which offers 50% uptime would mean that you are allowing competitors to lure your customers.

4. Accessibility and Ease :

A website which is easy to browse for products and services is generally liked by customers. Therefore, it is necessary to bring your website at the top in terms of search engine results. Once your website is search engine optimized, you may drive loads of traffic to the website. However, if the hosting servers are down most of the time, making your website search engine optimized would be in vain.

5. Technical Expertise and Customer Support :

Another key element of ecommerce hosting is technical expertise of the hosting provider. This is an essential element especially during peak times as you may need immediate technical help for your online store in order to deal with certain website issues.

Also, ensure the customer support is available 24/7 via live chat, email and phone to assist clients in solving issues.

The above mentioned elements of ecommerce hosting are crucial to the success of any online business and thus should not be ignored.

Now that you know what you need to run a successful ecommerce site, you can buy and sell websites, being sure that you will be able to figure out how to host them on a decent server or offer the best quality possible (in case you sell sites) to your buyer.

Essay on the Advantages, Limitations, and Challenges :

E-tailing can be considered another form of non-store retailing. Its closest “cousin,” in terms of other forms of non-store retailing, is catalog retailing. Catalog retailing still claims a significant part of all retail transactions pie. It is therefore instructive to compare e-tailing to catalog retailing to gain some insight into its potential impact.

Catalog retailing, which evolved over a century ago, grew rapidly in its early stages (similar to e-tailing), and it was assumed to become a very important part of the overall retailing environment and market. It allowed customers to shop from home, when they wanted, at their own convenience. While this proved enticing and comfortable for some consumers and some types of products, there are some limitations that limited its growth further.

Advantages :

1. Customers have a much wider choice at their fingertips (many e-tail sites, etc.). Thus, the web creates a global bazaar-style marketplace that brings together many consumers and many retailers and sellers.

2. With web search capabilities (which need further development), it is easier to find the different types and varieties of goods a customer is searching for.

3. Customers can execute transactions/put orders via the same medium the information is provided, so there is no disconnect between the desire to purchase and the ability to purchase.

4. Payment schemes are still evolving, and therefore, this advantage is likely to become more apparent in the future.

5. E-tailers can use price discrimination more efficiently than other retailers.

6. E-tailers can use previous transactions to identify the likelihood of products being pur­chased at certain price points.

7. Product placement- E-tailers can change the product placement (user display) based on previous transactions, to increase the visibility of goods that the user is more likely to purchase based on their close relationship with previous purchases. Thus, placement can be designed based on the context of the previous purchases.

8. E-tailing includes some advantages to the consumer that no other form of retailing can provide. The hypertext nature of the medium allows for more flexible forms of transactions—the growth of C2B and C2C highlights this point. It allows for ease of comparison across broad product categories with the evolution of shopping bots and allows for more flexible pricing mechanisms that lead to dynamic pricing.

9. This is giving benefit to marketers who provide products with real (perceived) value and consumers in general. It also penalizes the marketers who have thrived in market­places that had “information” barriers to entry, where lack of information for customers restricted their choices and led to inefficient pricing and localized monopolies.

10. Inventory-based e-retailers are known the world over for running highly automated and efficient warehouses, bringing new benchmarks in this function.

Limitations :

1. All the customers may not have access to the web, as they do to the postal system. This is a temporary issue as the evolution of the web continues.

2. Ease of use may be an issue, as the web design may appear to be complex for some users or at sometimes a bit chaotic.

3. Online retail stores are not standardized in design in the way catalogs and retail stores (which use planograms for the same) have become.

4. Therefore, different user behaviors and patterns (navigation schemes) need to be observed for each online store. This is again a temporary issue as the evolution of the web continues.

5. Many times, trust deficit, security, and privacy concerns prevail. Consumers are con­cerned with the exposure of the data they provide/insert during transactions.

6. In Indian context, tax demands and regulatory hassles, coupled with low Internet den­sity and sundry other problems, pose some other challenges.

Related Articles:

• Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and Internet
• Personal Selling: Meaning, Advantages and Limitations
• 8 Examples of E-Commerce around the World | Global Trade
• Advantages and Limitations of Advertising

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Essay on E Commerce | E Commerce Essay for Students and Children in English

February 14, 2024 by sastry

Essay on E Commerce:  Even today, some considerable time after the so called ‘Internet revolution’, Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) remains a relatively new, emerging and constantly changing area of business management and information technology. Speaking in layman’s terms, E-Commerce refers to the entire process of marketing, selling, delivering goods and servicing customers over the Internet. It has revolutionized the way companies do business. Consumers can buy almost anything online 24 hours a day.

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Long and Short Essays on E Commerce for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘E Commerce’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on E Commerce of 400-500 words. This long essay about E Commerce is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on E Commerce of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on E Commerce 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on E Commerce of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

In the 21 st century, the rapid development of information technology and the rapid increase in information exchange have brought new drives and innovative ideas to the whole society. The wide adoption of information technology by the community has led to great changes. These changes are not simply in the context of data processing or computing. They are changes which affect how we communicate with each other, how we organise our daily activities, how we educate the younger generation, and how we run business. The great development and acceptance of information technology, computer network and Internet have transformed the mode of operation of many businesses, and at the same time have brought along unprecedented business opportunities. Businesses are now able to conduct transactions across geographical boundaries, across time zones and at a high efficiency. E-Commerce has become the market trend of the Century.

Life has become very busy these days. Odd working hours, hectic schedules and time constraints have changed how people shop these days. Hence, E-Commerce has become the preferred method of shopping for many people. They love the ease with which they can shop online from their home at any time of the day or night. Purchasing options are quick and convenient with the ability to transfer funds online. Consumers save time and money by searching for items and making their purchases online. It can take several days of physically going from location to location, costing time and fuel, to purchase a hard-to-find item. Moreover, E-Commerce is an efficient retail method for business transactions. Start-up costs for establishing an E-Commerce business is far less than expanding your business with more brick and mortar locations. Fewer licenses and permits are required to start an online business than that of a physical store location. You will also save money by using fewer employees to perform operations such as managing inventory and billing customers. You won’t have to search for an appropriate geographic location or worry about paying high utility costs for the facility.

Advertising done well on the web can get even a small firm’s promotional message out to potential consumers in every country in the world. A firm can use electronic commerce to reach narrow market segments that are geographically scattered. The web is particularly useful in creating virtual communities that become ideal target markets for specific types of products or services.

The prospects are, in no doubt, great for E-Commerce and its followers. But still, there are some consumers who are reluctant to embrace E-Commerce because of privacy issues. Making an online purchase often requires disclosing personal information such as an address, telephone number and banking or credit card account information. While many people feel making an online purchase does not compromise their personal information, some still prefer not to take a chance of having their account information accessed by a third party, and will only make their purchases at a storefront operation.

Short Essay on E Commerce 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on E Commerce is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

Then there is the issue of inability to feel the product physically or check it with your own hands while buying. When making a purchase at a brick and mortar business, you get the product when you pay for it. On the web, there may be a time lag from purchase to actually being able to consume. The consumer will have to wait for delivery of physical goods.

Also, some businesses are less suitable for electronic commerce. Such businesses may be involved in the selling of items which are perishable or high-cost, or which require inspection before purchasing. Most of the disadvantages of electronic commerce today, however, stem from the newness and rapidly developing pace of the underlying technologies. These disadvantages will disappear as electronic commerce matures and becomes more available to and accepted by the general population.

Not only the new generation, but also the older generation is getting a hold of technology. They are adapting to the changing technologies and try to be up-to-date. Therefore, E-Commerce is also making its way into their lives. It is true that going to markets or malls to shop will never go out of fashion but E-Commerce is also here to stay and become more advantages and get comfortable with it.

E Commerce Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Layman – normal person
• Innovative – creative
• Acceptance – approval
• Unprecedented – changed
• Exceptional – exceptional/unmatched
• Mortar – cement
• Potential – possible
• Scattered – spread
• Embrace – adopt
• Perishable – liable to decay
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Business Essay Examples

13 Business Essay Examples for Students

14 min read

Published on: May 1, 2023

Last updated on: Jan 30, 2024

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Are you struggling to figure out the structure, research, or data required to make your essay stand out? Or frustrated by the lack of inspiration and ideas for your essay?

But don't give up yet! We have a powerful solution that will make your essay writing a breeze. Our list of business essay examples is here to help! 

We have compiled expertly written business essay examples that will illustrate how to write a striking business essay.

With our examples, you'll be able to see how to structure your essay and generate creative ideas for your topic. And our tips will help you make the most of these examples.

So, let's dive in and get ready to learn!

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What is a Business Essay?

A business essay is a type of academic writing that focuses on business-related topics and issues. These essays can cover a wide range of topics such as marketing, finance, management, entrepreneurship, and more.

The importance of business essay lies in presenting a well-researched and informed analysis. To do this effectively, writers need to conduct extensive research and analysis on the topic at hand.

Referring to examples of business essays can help you gain insight into the structure, tone, and content of a well-written essay.

Business Essay Examples For Students

Here is a list of business writing examples

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A Level Business Essay Examples

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Short Essay About Business

College Essay About Starting A Business

Types of Business Essay with Examples

When it comes to business essay writing, there are several different types that you might encounter. 

Here's a brief overview of each type, including their characteristics and an example of each.

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Case Studies

A case study is an in-depth analysis of a specific business situation or problem. It involves extensive research and data analysis to provide recommendations.

Case studies often showcase the application of theory to real-world business scenarios.

Research Papers

Research papers involve a more academic approach to business writing. They typically require an extensive literature review, data analysis, and original research. 

Business research papers aim to contribute new knowledge to the field of business. These often involve a hypothesis or research question.

Argumentative Essays

Argumentative business essays aim to persuade the reader to adopt a particular point of view or take a specific action. They present an argument and use evidence and logic to support their claims. 

Argumentative essays can address various business topics such as management practices, ethical issues, or market trends.

White Papers

A white paper is a document that provides a detailed explanation of a particular issue or problem, often with recommendations or solutions. 

White papers are typically used to educate stakeholders about a specific topic. These are often used in the business-to-business (B2B) context.

Comparative Essays 

Comparative business essays compare and contrast two or more topics or ideas. They typically analyze the similarities and differences between the topics to evaluate their pros and cons. 

Comparative essays can focus on various aspects such as products, companies, markets, or strategies.

How to Structure Your Business Essays

As you begin writing your business essay, it's important to structure it in a clear and organized way. 

Here's a step-by-step guide with business essay samples to help you do just that:

Executive Summary

The executive summary is a brief overview of your entire essay. It should summarize your main points and highlight your recommendations. 

This section should be written after completing the essay, as it gives a clear picture of what the essay covers. 

Here is how you start a business essay sample:

Introduction

The introduction sets the stage for the rest of the essay. It should introduce the topic, provide background information, and explain the purpose of the essay. 

Here is a business essay introduction example:

Industry Analysis

In this section, you'll conduct a thorough analysis of the industry in which the business operates. You should examine factors such as competition, market trends, and customer behavior. 

Here is a sample industry analysis

Key Issues or Problems

This section should identify the main issues or problems faced by the business. You should provide evidence to support your claims and analyze the impact of these issues. 

Here is an example paragraph:

Solutions or Recommendation

Here, you'll provide solutions or recommendations to address the issues identified in the previous section. Your solutions should be well-supported and feasible. 

For instance:

Implementation Plan

For this part, you'll outline a plan for implementing the solutions or recommendations you've proposed. This is sort of a description of the business model you suggest. 

This section should be detailed and include specific action steps. 

For example:

Finally, you'll wrap up your essay by summarizing your main points and reiterating your recommendations. 

This section should be clear, concise, and impactful. 

By following this structure, your business essay will be well-organized, coherent, and easy to follow for your readers.

Tips for Using Business Essay Examples Effectively

Now that you have quite a few business essay examples at hand, you should know how to use them effectively:

• Use them as a guide, not a template : While it's great to learn from examples, you should never copy them outright. Instead, use them as a starting point for your own research and writing.
• Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the essay : Take note of what works well in the example essay, as well as any areas that could be improved. This will help you understand how to make your own essay even better.
• Use them to inform your own research and writing : Pay attention to the research methods, sources, and evidence used in the example essay. This can give you ideas for your own research and help you strengthen your arguments.
• Avoid plagiarism and ensure proper citation: Whenever you use ideas or information from an example, make sure to cite your sources. This will help you avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity.

You now have a plenty of business essay examples on different topics to help you get started!

By following our tips and studying the sample essays, you can confidently write your own essays that are clear, concise, and impactful. 

However, if you still find yourself struggling with your business essays, just reach out to our professional business essay writing service . 

We have the best online essay writing service and are ready to provide you a high-quality business. Our writing service has subject specialist writers who can tackle any business essay topic.  

So why wait? Contact us today and let our AI essay writer take your business essays to the next level!

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Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business Essay

• To find inspiration for your paper and overcome writer’s block
• As a source of information (ensure proper referencing)
• As a template for you assignment

Introduction

Works cited.

Since the turn of the century, technology has changed the manner of doing business across the world. This has led to the emergence of e-business, which entails the process of buying or selling goods over the Internet through online platforms. Some of the notable technologies applied in e-business include electronic money transfer, Internet marketing, mobile commerce, inventory management systems, and electronic data interchange, among others (Mazzanti 17).

Contemporary e-business uses the World Wide Web in all its transactions, although certain elements of the transaction life cycle can be executed using alternative technologies such as e-mail. In the recent past, a steady increase in the number of e-businesses with operations across the world has been witnessed. Amazon is a good example of an e-business that has experienced tremendous growth in the recent past.

It mainly deals with the purchase of online books, which is one of the major e-commerce transactions made by a big percentage of people that seek online goods and services. Studies have shown that the dynamics of e-business keep changing as technology keeps evolving in a bid to meet the emerging needs (Mazzanti 24). A lot is expected with regard to the unfulfilled potential of e-business and the anticipated challenges owing to the fact that technology is increasingly becoming affordable to everyone in the market that is characterized by a high degree of competition.

One of the biggest challenges that business people and innovators in the contemporary world have to deal with is establishing the future of e-business. This phenomenon is necessitated by the numerous avenues and opportunities it has created over the years. In addition, its potential is expected to grow tremendously as the uptake of technology across the world continues to increase. Experts argue that e-business has broken several competitive barriers that had slowed down the ease of access to products from various parts of the world (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 123).

This observable fact has also resulted in increased connectivity between businesses, thus making it possible for customers across different market segments to access a variety of products. Experts argue that there is a high possibility that in the next couple of decades, e-business will have overtaken the traditional ways of conducting business due to the huge potential of technology that is yet to be exploited (Shailja and Sinha 211).

In the past, technology has proven to have its own pitfalls that can easily compromise the ability of businesses offering e-commerce services to fulfill their potential. Projections by technology experts indicate that the potential future challenges of e-business will mainly revolve around issues relating to intellectual property, security, and regulatory measures (Mazzanti 64). In addition, it is expected that as time goes by, e-business will develop into a way of living that will require business owners to create a balance between appealing to their customers and meeting their social needs. A number of notable trends over the past few years have helped industry stakeholders to evaluate the future expectations of e-business and the challenges they are likely to face.

Increasing Percentage of Retail Sales

E-business has grown tremendously over the last decade with regard to the percentage of retail sales. While ten years ago, e-business accounted for only 3.5% of all retail sales, reports indicate that by the end of 2017, the market share had risen to 11.9%. This big improvement has been influenced by the high rate of technological growth, heightened business acumen, as well as increased access to and uptake of technology (Mazzanti 82).

Therefore, the growth of e-business that has been witnessed coupled with the relatively low market share is an indication that the future is bright because new industry players have enormous opportunities they can exploit to outpace traditional industry leaders. For example, in 2019, Amazon will mark 25 years since it started its operations. Currently, it has a 37%command of the e-commerce market share.

According to experts, considering the rate at which the retail mega-giant has grown over the last decade, it is estimated that the conglomerate will have gained more than 50% control of the online market within the next two or three years. This is a clear indication that people are gaining more awareness with regard to e-commerce services. In addition, finding products online is more convenient for most people because they have the luxury of comparing prices and cost of shipment, thus allowing one to get the best deal possible (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 134).

Increased Accessibility of e-Commerce Automation

One of the trends that have confirmed the future of e-business as a concept worthy of any kind of investment in e-commerce automation. Over the last ten years, several businesses have gained reasonable information with regard to the potential of automation for e-commerce services. The success of businesses such as Amazon and Walmart in the provision of e-commerce services is built on the value of marketing automation (Johnson 60). However, experts argue that the effectiveness of automation depends on the willingness and ability of a business to commit a large number of resources that are crucial to conducting extensive research on its viability depending on the dynamics of respective markets.

Purchase Complexities amid a Growing Popularity of Mobile Devices

Research has shown that the concept of e-business is set to grow further due to the advancements in mobile devices, which are set to increase the number of people who can access e-commerce services (Mazzanti 91). The number of people that can afford or access a smartphone has increased a lot over the last decade, thus creating more growth opportunities for e-business. With research showing that by 2020 the number of the global population that will be fully connected to reliable Internet will have doubled, the dream of e-business toppling the traditional business model is likely to become a reality (Johnson 78).

However, the challenge with regard to the use of smartphones is that most people browse on their mobile devices but opt to make purchases using a computer. This means that businesses offering e-commerce services have a huge task of turning the high number of people that search for their products on mobile devices to direct purchases (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 173). This will go a long way in gaining a competitive advantage over traditional businesses because they will have influence over a considerable fraction of the market.

In addition, innovators should also improve the efficiency and effectiveness of mobile devices with regard to the ease of making purchases from e-markets. There is an urgent need to maximize the high number of people that have access to reliable Internet connections across the world. E-business has necessitated the interconnection between businesses and consumers across various continents; thus, exploiting the potential of doing business on mobile devices should be a priority (Mazzanti 100).

Introduction of New Technologies

One of the realities about technology is the high rate at which it is evolving. It is evident that technology has changed the lifestyle of all people across the world. Since the turn of the century, the concept of e-business has been heightened by the introduction of monetary services such as the use of debit and credit cards, as well as the emergence of online money transfer services (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 200).

All these technologies have made it possible for people to buy and sell goods over the Internet. The introduction of new technologies has improved the speed of communication and Internet downloads. This has created a leeway for entrepreneurs to set up more online businesses dealing with movie and book releases because people will be able to download them directly from their websites with great ease. In the recent past, people have enjoyed the swift upgrade of Internet speeds from 3G to 4G, with developed countries currently on 5G. In addition, smartphones and computer developers have improved the speed of their processors in a bid to enhance the business experiences of people that seek e-commerce services.

According to experts, e-business has profited a lot since the introduction of cloud computing. Coupled with high internet speeds, it has played a pivotal role in reorienting the old paradigm associated with e-business (Johnson 108). Such technologies have helped businesses to develop better ways of managing information systems. In addition, it is expected that as new technologies keep being introduced into the market, the ability to safeguard sensitive information will be enhanced.

The future of e-business is very positive because the next generation of technologies will be more focused on improving essential elements of the concept such as privacy protection, strengthened security, provision of personalized services, as well as improved access control tools (Mazzanti 109). Experts also argue that social networking sites are a good platform that businesses that offer e-commerce services can exploit for new opportunities. It is expected that the number of social networking sites will increase with time, while the existing ones will get improvements that will allow for integration into e-business.

Ethical Issues for Businesses with Limited Infrastructure

Considering the manner in which technology has enhanced the ease of doing business, experts project that the provision of e-commerce services will achieve higher standards with time. The main reason for this is the fact that on-demand services coupled with new technologies allow one to set up a business with limited infrastructure. Technological advancements have made it possible for essential business tools such as power, memory, bandwidth, and storage to be shared (Baumann-Pauly and Nolan 219).

However, experts argue that this kind of convenience is likely to bring ethical challenges relating to intellectual property, as well as security concerns regarding the data and information of a business. Although technological experts say that it is possible for a business to have a privately controlled but shared framework, the need to ensure the security of crucial data is of paramount importance. As the concept of e-business continues to gain momentum, the need to protect intellectual property through safer mechanisms and effective legal infrastructure will continue to be a major challenge. Studies have shown that e-business owners in the contemporary world comprehend that the anticipated evolution of e-commerce services over the next decade will most likely be dominated by this challenge (Mazzanti 109).

Experts argue that if the challenge is not addressed on time, the projected rate of growth for e-businesses across the world is likely to be compromised because too much time and resources will be directed towards addressing it. There is an urgent need for stakeholders in the e-commerce industry to come up with effective and cautious approaches that are used in testing new technologies in a bid to develop a culture of sustainable business practices.

The major conviction among entrepreneurs is that the ability to fulfill the potential of e-commerce is highly dependent on the willingness of businesses to integrate elements of sustainability and ethics into their operations (Johnson 134). All businesses have an ethical responsibility of ensuring that their customer needs and interests are prioritized without compromising the ability to operate within permissible regulations.

One of the major misconceptions with regard to e-business is that it is a technology rather than a paradigm of doing business. The introduction of e-commerce services has created more avenues for buying and selling products. Research has shown that e-business has introduced platforms for increased social networking, infrastructure use, as well as acquisition and transfer of knowledge. With the high rate of technological advancements, e-business will definitely achieve greater standards amid an array of challenges relating to value for the user, transactional dynamics, ethical obligations, as well as the security of information and data shared online.

Baumann-Pauly, Dorothee, and Justine Nolan. Business and Human Rights: From Principles to Practice . Routledge, 2016.

Johnson, Nicholas. The Future of Marketing: Strategies from 15 Leading Brands on how Authenticity, Relevance, and Transparency will help Survive the Age of the Customer . FT Press, 2015.

Mazzanti, Costanzo. Electronic Commerce: Technologies, Challenges, and Future Prospects . Nova Science, 2017.

Shailja, Dixit, and Amit Kumar Sinha, editors. E-Retailing Challenges and Opportunities in the Global Marketplace . IGI Global, 2016.

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IvyPanda. (2021, July 14). Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business. https://ivypanda.com/essays/future-expectations-and-challenges-of-e-business/

"Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business." IvyPanda , 14 July 2021, ivypanda.com/essays/future-expectations-and-challenges-of-e-business/.

IvyPanda . (2021) 'Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business'. 14 July.

IvyPanda . 2021. "Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business." July 14, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/future-expectations-and-challenges-of-e-business/.

1. IvyPanda . "Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business." July 14, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/future-expectations-and-challenges-of-e-business/.

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IvyPanda . "Future Expectations and Challenges of E-Business." July 14, 2021. https://ivypanda.com/essays/future-expectations-and-challenges-of-e-business/.

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Benefits of E-Commerce

Introduction, advantages of e-commerce, reduction of production cycle, reference list.

E-commerce refers to an electronic system that allows businesses, consumers, manufacturers, and suppliers to buy or sell goods and services via the Internet. Technological advancement has made it possible for firms to interact virtually with customers and gather essential information. As Kurnia, Choudrie, Md Mahbubur, and Alzougool (2015) put it, e-commerce promotes internal and external communication, which is vital in improving organizational efficiency and productivity. Globalization has led to many companies striving to establish their influence in the international market. E-commerce enables multinationals to guarantee consistency in products and services delivery across different foreign markets. This paper will discuss the various benefits that a company can accrue from investing in e-commerce.

The advantages of investing in e-commerce overshadow the drawbacks for many businesses. Nevertheless, Kurnia et al. (2015) argue that most organizations are not familiar with the capabilities of the Internet. They use this resource for advertising and sending emails to customers only. Knowing the benefits of e-commerce is critical to its implementation. Yu, Wang, Zhong, and Huang (2016) insist that it is imperative to make sure that e-commerce corresponds to business goals. One of the benefits of e-commerce is that it allows a business to remain competitive. Yu et al. (2016) maintain that most consumers will continue to purchase products in major outlets. Nevertheless, for an organization to remain competitive, it ought to exploit other modes of consumer buying behaviors. The rise of the Internet has contributed to most customers, particularly millennials and generation X buying their products and services online. Yu et al. (2016) argue that e-commerce is expected to comprise 17.5% of the international retail turnover by 2012. It implies that organizations, which have invested in e-commerce, will have an opportunity to boost their customer share, thus remaining competitive.

One of the demerits of the brick-and-motor outlets is that they are restricted by location, making it difficult for them to reach many clients. It is hard for a business operating under such a setting to exploit the global market. E-commerce enables businesses to reach the international market, therefore increasing their returns. Targeting the global market gives a company a chance to diversify its operations. For example, “if your business is primarily service-based, you may want to complement your local offerings with products that people can purchase online, such as a hairdresser offering specialty accessories” (Savrul, Incekara, & Sener, 2014, p. 37). In other words, investment in e-commerce helps a company target the global market by identifying other business opportunities.

E-commerce allows an organization to tailor its products and services to the needs of individual clients. Savrul et al. (2014) argue that the Internet supports digital selling and marketing platforms that enable a business to gather information from customers. The data collected from clients is helpful in understanding their tastes and preferences, thus enabling a company to improve its products and services to suit consumer needs. E-commerce enables an organization to monitor consumer buying behavior. In return, a company is able to formulate effective promotional and target marketing strategies.

In the past, procurement, design engineering, and production departments communicated via paper-based approaches. This mode of communication was ineffective and contributed to an increased period of the production cycle. The introduction of e-commerce has enhanced communication among these departments, therefore enhancing efficiency. One of the companies that use e-commerce to enhance the duration of the production cycle is Toyota. The company’s engineering department, procurement division, and assembling unit are situated in different locations across the globe. E-commerce helps Toyota to connect the different divisions to expedite production processes (Stanowska, 2018).

The design engineering division sends blueprint sketches and specifications to the purchasing unit via the Internet. The move hastens to buy of the necessary materials that are shipped to the assembling plants, thus guaranteeing prompt commencement of the production processes. Another company that uses e-commerce to enhance production cycle time is Apple Inc. The company sources components from the United States, China, Europe, and Asia (Marinagi, Trivellas, & Sakas, 2014). All the materials are delivered to China where they are assembled to get the final product. Apple uses the Internet to promote communication between plants located in different countries. The production units are also connected to the assembling unit. Communication between the assembling unit and the various plants makes sure that components reach the former on time (Marinagi et al., 2014). It helps to improve the production cycle time and to ensure the timely release of products into the market.

Businesses benefit immensely from investing in e-commerce. The technology enables an organization to boost its competitiveness by identifying and exploiting diverse business opportunities. A company gets a chance to grow its customer base by targeting clients who purchase products online. E-commerce helps businesses target both local and global markets. Additionally, it enables firms to tailor their products and services to the needs of individual clients. The technology is helpful in the formulation of promotional and target marketing strategies. Manufacturing firms use e-commerce to improve the production cycle. They utilize the Internet to expedite communication between different units that are involved in production processes. It helps to ensure that the production divisions receive requisite information and resources on time, therefore speeding up their processes.

Kurnia, S., Choudrie, J., Md Mahbubur, R., & Alzougool, B. (2015). E-commerce technology adoption: A Malaysian grocery SME retail sector study. Journal of Business Research, 68 (9), 1906-1918.

Marinagi, C., Trivellas, P., & Sakas, D. P. (2014). The impact of information technology on the development of supply chain competitive advantage. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 147 (1), 586-591.

Savrul, M., Incekara, A., & Sener, S. (2014). The potential of e-commerce for SMEs in a globalizing business environment. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150 (1), 35-45.

Stanowska, N. (2018). An investigation into the development of Toyota’s e-commerce customer journey. Journal of Undergraduate Research at NTU, 1 (1), 146-181.

Yu, Y., Wang, X., Zhong, R. Y., & Huang, G. Q. (2016). E-commerce logistics in supply chain management: Practice perspective. Procedia CIRP, 52 (1), 179-185.

Cite this paper

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StudyCorgi. (2022, March 12). Benefits of E-Commerce. https://studycorgi.com/benefits-of-e-commerce/

"Benefits of E-Commerce." StudyCorgi , 12 Mar. 2022, studycorgi.com/benefits-of-e-commerce/.

StudyCorgi . (2022) 'Benefits of E-Commerce'. 12 March.

1. StudyCorgi . "Benefits of E-Commerce." March 12, 2022. https://studycorgi.com/benefits-of-e-commerce/.

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Expected EPS × Trailing P/E

All of asset-pricing theory currently stems from one key assumption: price equals expected discounted payoff. And much of what we think we know about discount rates comes from studying a particular kind of expected payoff: the earnings forecasts in analyst reports. Researchers typically access these numbers through an easy-to-use database and never read the underlying documents. This is unfortunate because the text of each report contains an explicit description of how the analyst priced their own earnings forecast. We study a sample of 513 reports and find that most analysts use a trailing P/E (price-to-earnings) ratio not a discount rate. Instead of computing the present value of a company’s future earnings, they ask: “How would a firm with similar earnings have been priced last year?” Even if other investors do things differently, it does not make sense to put discount rates at the center of every asset-pricing model if market participants do not always use one. There are other options. Trailing twelve-month P/E ratios account for 91% of the variation in analysts’ price targets.We construct a new kind of asset-pricing model around this fact and show that it explains the market response to earnings surprises.

We would like to thank Xavier Gabaix, Sinan Gokkaya, Valentin Haddad, Jeff Meli, Stefan Nagel, Marco Sammon, Amir Sufi, Laura Veldkamp, and Jeff Wurgler for helpful comments. This paper has also benefited from feedback at the NBER SI Asset-Pricing meeting. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Amazon Company’s E-Business Strategy

Introduction

Amazon is a global online retail giant headquartered in the US. Established in 1994, the company has grown over the years into a multinational corporation with an active presence in the US, Europe, Asia and parts of Africa. Amazon has maintained its quality service charter by ensuring that only genuine products are sold to customers. This charter has made it possible for systematic and quick market penetration. This paper reviews the external and internal drivers of Amazon’s successful e-Business strategy and performs a comprehensive SWOT analysis of current online platforms.

External and Internal Drivers of Amazon’s e-Business

External drivers.

In terms of PESTEL analysis, political stability, government endorsement of e-commerce and improved cyber security present opportunities for Amazon to excel in regional markets. To begin with, the regional value chain is well-developed across the three major continents of America, Europe and Asia (Strom, Sears & Kelly 2013). There is an improved and affordable Internet network for Amazon’s e-Business platform within the targeted regions. At present, more than 1 billion people have daily access to the Internet (Cravens & Piercy 2013). The industry analysis indicates a highly stratified online retail market at a global level. As a multinational company, Amazon has taken advantage of industry variables to sustain its low cost pricing model and expand further into other regions beyond the three continents. Secondly, the economic stability in the targeted markets and increasing disposable income among potential customers is projected to further the company’s market expansion strategies.

However, the current economic wars between China and the US might affect business in the future since it might spill into Indian market. The ever rising global wealth disparity has been a threat to Amazon’s business survival as a social factor. Increasing online purchase habits and consumerism present opportunities for growth (Searcy & Buslovich 2014). Rapid obsolescence in technology and the increasing cyber crimes are a threat to Amazon’s online business platform. However, Amazon enjoys high economies of scale, thus, is not threatened by the technological dynamics in the global e-Business market. Thirdly, the online retail sector across the globe is highly stratified with high brand development cost. The global online retail industry life cycle analysis projects positive future trends (Cravens & Piercy 2013). The middle class is booming at an annual growth rate of 12% (Sostrin 2013).

For instance, Amazon’s Indian market is ranked third in the global publishing of English language books. E-commerce has unlimited potential since the online market is projected to grow as more people embrace digital shopping. However, due to a strong market capitalisation of $607.20 billion and high revenue stream estimated at $161.15 billion, Amazon has been able to survive the impact of economic forces. Specifically, the company has diversified product bundles that are attached to competitive pricing (Oakland 2014). The vision of the company is based on ‘customer centricity’ and technological leverage to provide the best shopping experience on the online platform. The wide coverage of the global market has contributed to the current success. The Amazon’s business strategies include a vast selection of services, low pricing, relatively fast delivery and rely on the online business platform. The company has developed a cross-platform to capture the attention of advertisers and users across more than ten channels that are currently operational. As captured in table 1, the PESTEL analysis of Amazon regional markets indicates a positive trend that could be integrated in a region-specific ‘customer centricity’ business approach.

Table 1. PESTEL analysis of Amazon. (Source: Self-generated).

Internal Drivers

Internal drivers are factors influencing Amazon’s micro business environment. The VRIO (Value, Rarity, Imitability and Organisation) is a critical tool for reviewing Amazon’s e-Business strategies to ascertain successes and positioning in the market environment (Kotler & Keller 2016). According to Sostrin (2013, p. 38), “web tracking technology permits sites that practicing E-commerce to monitor customer satisfaction and preference”. As captured in table 2, Amazon’s capabilities and resources are well integrated to attract the first mover benefits. For instance, the Amazon Prime product is rare and valuable to customers since it offers free delivery within selected markets with a timeline of 48 hours. Moreover, the Amazon Prime product is costly for any rival company to imitate. This gives the company a competitive edge over eBay and Best Buy, which have a similar service.

Table 1. Summary of VRIO analysis for Amazon. (Source: Self-generated).

Secondly, in terms of value, at the end of the 2017 financial year, Amazon was valued at more than $161 billion. The company revenues increased from $98 billion in 2016 to $144 billion in 2017. The total equity increased from $152 billion in 2016 to $163.096 billion in 2017. The net profit also grew from $12 billion in 2016 to $39 billion in 2017. The return on revenues (ROR) grew by a ratio of 1:4 between 2014 and 2017. The return on Assets (ROA) also experienced a positive growth by a ratio of 1:13. This suggests a strong resource standing for Amazon (Osterwalder & Pigneur 2013). The company has unique and rare cyberspace resources, which have benefits such as social ads, social bookmarking, flyers, virtual gifts and connect. Amazon is patented and very costly to imitate under the United States laws. Lastly, the company has integrated a well-structured system of management with stringent business polices focused on customer satisfaction (Monks & Minow 2014). For instance, the features and ads enable customers to shop online and create an interactive environment for increased resourcefulness.

Thirdly, Amazon has developed an innovative online retailing approach as its primary business model within the intention-adoption-continuance framework (Martelo, Barroso & Cepeda 2013). This model integrates Ira’s attitudinal and Kotler’s expectation-confirmation theoretical frameworks (Kotler & Keller 2016). According to Myerson (2015, p. 67), “the intention-adoption-continuance framework explains behaviour as principally determined by intent. Other factors like, perceived behavioural control, subjective norms and attitudes are also shown to be related to an appropriate set of significant normative, behavioural, and control values about that behaviour”. At Amazon, this strategy has created a bridge for the transition from commodity-based e-commerce to service-based model (Kotler & Keller 2016).

For instance, Amazon Home Service guarantees happiness to customers and aims at adapting the Alibaba’s traditional customer request approach. Other service models by Amazon include Amazon Go, Amazon Echo, Dash Wad and Amazon Fresh. These strategies are aimed at arresting the influence of Google and Facebook in the online business platform. Specifically, Amazon intends to reclaim the US market share for online retail business that Facebook and Google companies have penetrated (Cravens & Piercy 2013). Amazon’s role in the global online retail industry has been to improve quality of services and sustain its low pricing business model (Osterwalder & Pigneur 2013). The global online retail sector’s KSFs are high-quality services, widened branding and awareness, proactive business flexibility and advancement in technology, which have been internalised by Amazon in its online business model (Cravens & Piercy 2013).

Key Strengths and Weaknesses

Key strengths.

The first strength of Amazon Company is a combination of a strong background, customer centricity and cost leadership. Amazon has a strong brand image and stable capital structure (Mangan, Lalwani & Lalwani 2016). The company has a net worth of more than $150 billion, with an active presence in nearly all the continents. The US, Europe and Asia markets are fully developed and functional in line with Amazon’s global expansionary strategies. Amazon has a large product range that includes games, toys, online book store, electronics, home appliances and white goods. These products are branded differently to appeal to diverse customers (Liu, Shang & Han 2017). The company has also embraced the local languages in packaging and selling these products online to minimise the impacts of communication barriers (Oakland 2014). Through multiple branding, the company has been able to effectively create an environment of own competition as customers shopping online can get nearly anything they want at a good deal.

Secondly, Amazon runs a successful customer loyalty program that has increased the number of repeat and new clients over the years. In addition, the company has differentiated itself through strategic alliances to offer quality customer service and build a strong value chain (KIP Institute 2013). There are strong legal networks, economic stability and positive government intervention policies across all the regions of operation. The global market is fertile for expansionary business strategies (Singh & Singh 2014). For instance, the large population, positive government interventions on e-commerce, well-developed Internet infrastructure and increasing online buying habits among the middle-class population are attractive ingredients for successful business growth and strategic expansion. Thirdly, Amazon has an efficient delivery network that is supported by a strong online business platform. The company has organised itself in the regions of operations as a futuristic and efficient online shop.

Any customer interested in buying an item online is empowered to do so within minutes just by a ‘click-at-a-button’ (Kotler & Keller 2016). The efficient delivery network has endured the company to its customers besides free-cost delivery in selected regions. For instance, Amazon Prime service in the US is a unique delivery system that guarantees customers of a fixed timeline for getting any product purchased online. The service is efficient since it delivers within 48 hours in any part of the US. The favourable home conditions for Amazon include high disposable income, stable legal and political regimes, well-developed infrastructure and limited language barrier since the English language is acceptable in most of the targeted markets (Lohdi & Naz 2016). In addition, the corporate social responsibility initiatives of the company are likely to endure the company in foreign markets and develop a large and loyal customer base beyond the US market (Kotler & Keller 2016).

Key Weaknesses

The first weakness of Amazon is high debt since the development of its services and supply chain maintenance is capital intensive. Amazon has been struggling with high debt as its technology is made outdated in a few years (Kiran 2016). Since the online business platform is characterised by a constant technological paradigm shift, Amazon has invested heavily in new technology to avoid rendering its platforms obsolete (Kotler & Keller 2016). These investments are capital intensive and have reduced its profit margins. Moreover, the company has previously invested heavily in the development of new products that did not meet its market penetration targets (Kim-Soon, Rahman & Ahmed 2014). For instance, Amazon Kindle was a capital intensive investment that did not survive to become a profitable service (Abusa & Gibson 2013). Amazon has been active in supporting environmental programs through business sustainability reporting and low-carbon lifestyle promotion.

These initiatives are financed by the company and sometimes the costs run into millions of dollars. Although these programmes point at a bright future for the company in the US and other regions of operation, the hidden cost implication is counterproductive. The second weakness is product flop due to constant changes in customer preferences on the online business platform. For instance, the fire phone was a flop in the US and Kindle fire performed below the projections (Kiran 2016). These product failures have resulted in reduced profitability margin. Thirdly, Amazon has a complex business model, especially in terms of supply chain management. Since the company operates across the globe, it has become a challenge on the best strategies to manage the ever expanding supply chain and efficiently deliver goods to customers who have paid online (Hyland, Lee & Mills 2015).

The cost of managing the supply chain has increased by 4% in the last five years against a decreasing price tag on services and products for the company to remain competitive (Cravens & Piercy 2013). However, Amazon has been able to balance the impact of increasing costs through benefits resulting from the expanding economies of scale (Homburg, Jozic & Kuehnl 2017). Apart from the traditional business of selling books, the company has incorporated online shopping, free delivery services and business support platforms to penetrate global markets. Amazon has managed to reach more than 200 million Internet customers annually through strong partnerships with publishing houses and electronic companies to sell affordable products on the online platform. However, the high cost of sustaining the supply chain is threatening to reverse these gains as the business model becomes more complex as a result of expansion. Moreover, the primary competitors have developed a better supply chain network and do not necessarily have to take care of any cost during delivery. For instance, eBay has integrated a hidden cost to cater for delivery as part of the price tag of any item purchased on its site.

Key Opportunities and Threats

Opportunities.

The increasing economic growth and stability in the developing countries has increased disposable income of users and advertisers of Amazon products. The increasing online buying and preference for quality products present opportunities for Amazon establish a strong global market position (Harrison & Wicks 2013). The rising acceptance and usage of mobile devices, social media and online retail platforms present opportunities for growth and threats for reduced market dominance in the event of new entrants (Hahn & Kühnen 2013). Moreover, the company is present in three major continents of Europe, America and Asia. Amazon’s business strategies include a vast selection of services, low pricing and relatively fast delivery. In addition, the company has maintained its quality service charter by ensuring that only genuine products are sold to customers. These conditions are an indication of a stable organisation that has a strong capital base for future expansion. Secondly, Amazon has the opportunity of benefiting from localising the business strategies such as use of local languages, employments of the locals and establishing partnerships with the market-based suppliers (Habib et al. 2014).

This opportunity will improve the magnitude of company acceptance among employees, customers and suppliers as one of their own (Karatepe 2013). This strategy could be accompanied by rebranding and constant promotional activities to reach the highly conservative and closed foreign market cultures. Thirdly, Amazon could create a mobile application that is operated without the Internet to penetrate the unexploited market estimated at more than 600 million people to increase its revenue streams (Guiso, Sapienza & Zingales 2015). This application could be integrated with a free or subsidised delivery system through its already established ‘Go Global & Act Local’ network. As a result, it will give the company a competitive edge over Facebook, Google, Alibaba and other competitors since it offers discounts for mass purchase and repeated buying.

However, the implementation of these strategies should be done within the regional commerce laws to avoid unnecessary confrontation with the local authorities and competitors (Cravens & Piercy 2013). Over the years, Amazon has modified its business model to integrate the aspect of diversification to ensure that the intention-adoption-continuance framework drives the consumer satisfaction agenda. Specifically, “consumer satisfaction is the key focus of this model and expressed via the gap that exist between the perceived performances” (Kotler & Keller 2016, p. 45). Amazon owns many companies within its brand for the three product segments. The companies provide services in the online platform. Amazon generates revenues through users of these products through building a hole of big data (KIP Institute 2013). Amazon also generates revenues from payments by retailing online games. Other sources of revenue are social media networking service provision and sale of virtual reality products. Through integration of a mobile application, the company has unlimited opportunity for expanding its market coverage.

Amazon operates in more than fifty regions across the globe. The US market has the largest market share of Amazon business activities. This is followed by Europe market share. India is third in terms of annual sales. In all these regions, the favourable, political, economic, social, technological and environmental factors have propelled the growth of Amazon (Cravens & Piercy 2013). The governments where Amazon operates have the role of legislating strong cybercrime laws and effectively implementing them to protect the online business platform of this multinational company. The governments are also tasked with the duty of facilitating the expansion of Amazon through provision of incentives (tax breaks), improvement of Internet coverage and implementation of the patent regulations (Eman, Ayman & El-Nahas 2013). However, this is a threat since failure of these governments to create a healthy business environment would lead to massive losses for Amazon.

Secondly, the government should be at the forefront in ensuring business security to avoid loss during transit of customer orders, especially in the Indian market where security is still a challenge (Abusa & Gibson 2013). The loss of goods in transit is currently threatening Amazon’s online business platform in the Indian and parts of European markets (Daft & Marcic 2016). In addition, lack of legislation in place to standardise labour laws in some foreign markets is a threat to the sustainability of Amazon in this region (Cravens & Piercy 2013). Thirdly, Amazon faces stiff competition from five aggressive firms that provide perfect substitute services (Kotler & Keller 2016). There are competitors in three business segments: media, merchandise and electronics. Under the media segment, Amazon faces competition from eBay, Netflix, Apple, Google and Time Warner Cable (Cravens & Piercy 2013).

The main competitors under the general merchandise and electronics segments are Best Buy, RadiaShack, Family Dollar, Walmart, Systemacs and Target among others. Global online competitors are Alibaba Group, Vipshop Holdings and LightInTheBox Holding. Other secondary competitors are renowned global brands such as PC Connection, Oracle, Insight Enterprises and Accenture (Cravens & Piercy 2013). Moreover, the company has to deal with local competitors in foreign markets (Daft & Marcic 2016). For instance, Amazon’s competitors in India, such as Myntra, Flipkartand eBay, have adapted the low-cost pricing strategy to avoid the current price wars (Cravens & Piercy 2013). The market leader by share, the Flipkart has mobilised other competitors to set a standardised price limit to eliminate unfair competition (Battor & Battour 2013). Moreover, the competitors have internalised the ‘customer centricity’ business model to expand their current business segments. The competitors’ activities are a threat to Amazon’s online business interests in the local and foreign markets (Cravens & Piercy 2013).

Amazon is one of the most successful online-based businesses that have penetrated the global market. The external drivers of Amazon’s online business platform are competition, expanded business environment and friendly markets. Internal drivers of Amazon’s growth strategies are unique business value, strong capital base and innovative approaches to managing online platforms. Amazon Company’s business strengths include a strong brand image, customer centricity and efficient delivery network. The weaknesses of Amazon are high debt, product flops and shrinking margins. The threats Amazon is facing include FDI government regulations, low industry entry barriers and competition from local and international online-based businesses. The main opportunities for further expansion are improved global economic conditions, localisation of business strategies to appeal to different markets and further integration of technology to propel robust and sustainable growth.

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