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How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap?

Tunisia Case Study

An image showing the remains of Carthage, Tunisia

How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? Tunisia Case Study

Tunisia is a North African country bordering the Mediterranean Sea and the Sahara Desert. It has a favourable climate with hot summers and mild winters. It has a range of cultural and historic attractions including the ancient city of Carthage and several Star Wars locations were filmed in the country. Other attractions include the Mediterranean beaches and the Sahara desert. It is accessible via good connections with Europe.  

An image showing the remains of Carthage, Tunisia

The ancient city of Carthage, Tunisia

How has tourism in Tunisia grown?

Tunisia experienced a year-on-year average growth rate of 1.14 % for the time period 1976 to 2017 . Since the recession in 2009, there has been an almost exponential growth in tourism in terms of the contribution of travel services to commercial service imports.

How has Tunisia reduced the development gap?  

Over 370,00 jobs have been created in the tourism sector, boosting incomes and increasing the movement of money within the economy. The development of coastal resorts has benefited a range of local businesses including taxis, restaurants, shops and the construction industry. The growth of tourism has boosted the agricultural sector as demand for food has increased with tourist numbers. Due to the economic boost provided by tourism the government has been able to invest more money into education and health care. This investment has resulted in improved literacy rates and life expectancy .  

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Diversification is key to Tunisian tourism recovery

Tunisia

  • New-generation resorts should look beyond beach holidays
  • Country could capitalise more on its cultural heritage 
  • Political unrest has prevented Tunisia competing with Egypt or Morocco

Tunisia must diversify its tourism offerings, according to experts, as the country continues to chart a course of recovery from the effects of the coronavirus pandemic.

The number of foreign visitors to the North African nation in 2022 is forecast to reach over 6 million, as revealed by Lofti Mani, central director of promotion at Tunisia’s National Tourist Office, part of the Ministry of Tourism and Handicrafts.

The figure is slightly higher than the target under the strategy set up for the revival of tourism during 2022-2024.

The strategy aims to reach 50 to 60 percent of the tourism figures recorded in 2019 at the end of 2022; 80 percent in 2023 and a return to normal tourism dynamics in 2024.

  • Tunisians protest against poverty, high prices and food shortages
  • Tunisia looks to boost trade with African neighbours

However, in order to reach a full recovery, Christopher Lund, executive director and head of hotels Mena region at Colliers, told AGBI that Tunisia must adapt from its decades-long reputation as a beach and summer sun destination.

He said: “Tunisia could benefit from a plan to reposition its touristic destinations which in turn would lead to an opportunity for hotels to improve their occupancy and average rates.

“This would mean looking at new source markets to diversify the inbound tourism mix, as well as attracting new investments to develop new-generation resort complexes, destinations, masterplans and bringing new brands and concepts to the market.”

Tunisia’s main source markets this year were France, Germany, UK, Poland and the Czech Republic. There were also 1.013 million Algerian visitors.

The number of overnight stays is also up to 18.5 million nights until December 10, 36 percent shy of 2019 figures.

Tunisia

Leila Ben-Gacem, senior consultant at Blue Fish Consulting, said the switch to alternative and experiential tourism is something Tunisia can take advantage of thanks to the country’s rich landscape and cultural heritage.

“From olive farms opening up to tourists to collect olives, to startups designing a tour guide from your smart phone’s app to ceramic workshops for kids – they might be modest investments, but I believe those micro-businesses are the future of Tunisia’s tourism experience,” she said.

Several programmes have been implemented to boost the Tunisian tourism sector, supported by the EU and its Tounes Wijhetouna programme to support diversification of tourism, handicrafts development and heritage enhancement.

Visit Tunisia, a five-year, USAID-funded activity, is designed to grow and diversify Tunisian tourism, generate sustainable jobs and increase tourism revenues. The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit has its Promotion of Sustainable Tourism Programme.

Dr Ross Curran, assistant professor at Edinburgh Business School at Heriot-Watt University Dubai, said Tunisia already benefits from a diverse range of tourism offerings, from the archaeology of Carthage, to globally recognisable film set locations, such as El Jem.

“Building on this, Tunisia could see significant growth through ecological and sustainable tourism development,” he said.

tourism in tunisia case study

Tunisia is also gaining popularity for its affordable healthcare facilities and high standards of medical services, which makes it a preferred destination for medical tourism, which makes up roughly 5 percent of its offering.

The country was ranked 38th out of 46 global destinations on the Medical Tourism Index 2020-2021 released by the Medical Tourism Association in 2021.

“The government has created a robust ecosystem by improving the medical facilities to increase the foreign tourist inflow in the country,” added Curran.

The Tunisian government’s National Tourism Strategy 2035 aims to make the country a sustainable and competitive tourist destination.

According to the Ministry of Tourism, investment intentions of about $157 million were recorded in the first quarter of 2022.

Nadaa Ghozzi, general manager of Select Travel and Tours in Tunisia, said political unrest for the past 12 years has had a dramatic impact on the country’s economy, which has also led to a reduction in promotion budgets.

She said this must be restored in order to challenge neighbouring destinations.

“Tunisia lacks financial means today to compete with giants such as Turkey, Egypt and Morocco marketing and promotion wise,” she said. 

“My view is that we are stuck in the chicken and egg paradox, where we cannot even feed the chicken in order for it to lay eggs.”

tourism in tunisia case study

Top 5 tourist attractions in Tunisia

Amphitheatre of El Jem The impressive ruins of the largest colosseum in North Africa, a huge amphitheatre which could hold up to 35,000 spectators, are found in the small village of El Jem. This 3rd-century monument illustrates the grandeur and extent of Imperial Rome.

Kairouan Located in the centre of Tunisia in a plain at an almost equal distance from the sea and the mountains, Kairouan is the most ancient Arabo-Muslim base of the Maghreb (670 AD) and one of its principal holy cities. Its rich architectural heritage includes the Great Mosque, with its marble and porphyry columns, and the 9th-century Mosque of the Three Gates.

Star Wars Although some of the sets created for Star Wars filming in Tunisia have been destroyed by time and the desert environs, many of the structures are still standing and continue to draw visitors who wish to experience the magical atmosphere for themselves. The best-preserved Star Wars sets in Tunisia include Ksour, Matmata, Nefta and Ong Jemal.

Jugurtha’s Table This spectacular flat-topped mountain of Jugurtha Tableland is an incredible limestone mesa near the town of Kalaat es Senam, which stands almost 1,200 metres above the Ez-Zghalma plain. Legend holds that Masinissa, the first king of Numidia, built the first fortress there around 200 BC.

Chott el Djerid This large endorheic salt lake in southern Tunisia was used as a filming location for the Star Wars series, among others. It was also described in Jules Verne’s last novel, Invasion of the Sea. According to legend, it was here that the Greek goddess Athena was born.

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How many tourists ?2013

6.2 million

$4,230 in 2014

LIfe expectancy

from 42 to 75

Tourist destination

Meditaranian

Cheap package holidays

gov worked with private companies to make tourist destionation in 2009 = 370,000 jobs

Europe links

northern coastline near Europe = easy accessible

History & culture

7 UNESCO sites ancient remains

Physical landscape

beaches, mountains , deserts

What impact has this had on Tunisia’s development?

  • one of wealthiest African countries (x4 since 1970s)

- 4% of anual GDP goes to health system

  • literacy rates 66% to 79% since 1995

- can now afford university

  • girls / womens rights improved

- education compolsory for girls

Is tourism a sustainable development stategy?

pollution of environment

Meditaranian beaches been polluted with untreated sewage from hotels

‘leakage of profits’

Private companies like Thomas Cook send holiday makers there but keep large % of profits .

limiting how much reinvestment locally slowing economic development.

2015 - 2 attacks aimed at tourists (MUeseum Bardo & beach resort)

Tunisia no longer safe = less foreign investment in economy - causes from Tunias objects of development (womens equality)

north Africa

Before the 1970s, Tunisia was classified as an LIC. Agriculture still made up a very large part of its aeons A series of government reforms helped the country’s economy to diversify and grow. A development strategy was introduced that promoted tourism alongside manufacturing industries.

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Guinness World Records

World’s oldest conjoined twins Lori and George die aged 62

lori and george schappell split as adults and babies

Guinness World Records are saddened to learn of the deaths of the oldest living conjoined twins and oldest female conjoined twins ever , Lori and George Schappell .

They passed away on Sunday 7 April at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania due to undisclosed causes, as per their   obituaries published by Leibensperger Funeral Homes.

They were 62 years 202 days old – nine years older than the second-oldest female conjoined twins ever recorded.

Born in Pennsylvania, USA, on 18 September 1961, Lori and George (formerly named Dori) had partially fused skulls, sharing vital blood vessels and 30% of their brains (the frontal and parietal lobes).

Lori and George as babies

Despite being joined at the head, the twins differed in many ways.

Lori was able-bodied but George had spina bifida and could not walk. He sat in a wheelchair-type stool which Lori pushed around.

George enjoyed a successful career as a country singer, whilst Lori was a trophy-winning ten-pin bowler. Lori also worked at a hospital laundry for several years during the ‘90s, arranging her schedule around George’s gigs, which took them around the world to countries including Germany and Japan.

Lori (left) and George (right) on ITV's This Morning (2011)

They became the world’s first same-sex conjoined twins to identify as different genders in 2007, when George started presenting as a man after revealing himself to be transgender.

He’d previously gone by the name Reba (after his idol, Reba McEntire) as he disliked the rhyming names that he and Lori were given.

The twins lived independently in a two-bedroom apartment in Pennsylvania. They each had their own room – alternating nights spent in each one – and tried to live their own individual lives as far as possible.

They took turns practising their separate hobbies; they said they effectively ‘zoned out’ when in each other’s room.

They also showered separately, using the shower curtain as a barrier while one showered and the other stood outside the bath.

Whenever they were asked if they wished they’d ever been separated, Lori and George always said no. “Would we be separated? Absolutely not. My theory is: why fix what is not broken?” George said in a 1997 documentary, which can be viewed above.

The twins defied all the predictions of medical professionals who said that they wouldn’t live past the age of 30. They became the oldest female conjoined twins ever in 2015, overtaking Masha and Dasha Krivoshlyapova who died aged 53.

Lori and George are survived by their father, six siblings, several nieces and nephews, and an extended family of friends.

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tourism in tunisia case study

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In this major we offer speaking and writing courses along with teaching about Korean films, TV dramas, internet culture and even pop songs.

Many students combine this major with courses in various fields like business, education or tourism, where their major in Korean can prove to be an asset for future career opportunities.

Classical Latin has traditionally held a central position in Western education, and remains important for the study not only of the Greco-Roman world, but also of the languages, ideas and literatures (including English) of societies that grew out of the classical world.

Latin language and literature lasted into the 19th and 20th centuries for treatises of fundamental importance in science, medicine, diplomacy and law.

This senior syllabus area examines the interface of law and society, providing an understanding of the legal system and its protection of individual rights in line with obligations and responsibilities.

The major includes a variety of courses dealing with legal foundations – criminal, civil and business law, international law and human rights law.

Elective courses cover topics including offender rehabilitation and crime prevention.

Courses examine the sounds of language, words, sentences and meaning, and the complex interactions between them.

Linguistics leads to careers in areas as diverse as engineering and artificial intelligence, software engineering, health sciences, education, law and publishing.

Prerequisite courses cover essential topics, with higher-level courses covering mathematical analysis, probability bioinformatics, mathematical biology and many other subjects.

Graduates go on to research positions at universities, government agencies and private companies. There are also opportunities in banking, finance, insurance and risk management.

Focus on the ubiquity of digital media technologies in our lives, the role of media in cultural life, the emergence of digital media industries and technologies, and much more.

Learn about new forms of media consumption and cultural practice, digital media industries and technologies, and the cultural formations characteristic of media-dense digital societies.

Graduates often go on to careers in the events, marketing, media and communication fields.

You'll explore the written and aural complexities of music, and approach the study of Western music in an engaging way.

This major focuses on employability through numerous partnerships with performing arts organisations, festivals and internship programs.

Graduate career options include professional musician and other roles in education, festivals and events, arts administration, publishing, media and writing.

In this major, you'll be taught by world-class academics who provide insight on conflict prevention strategies, international peacekeeping, humanitarian intervention, peace-building and conflict reconciliation processes.

You’ll also explore ethics, justice, gender, Indigenous politics and development issues.

A degree majoring in Peace and Conflict Studies can lead to a global career in diplomacy and foreign affairs, defence and intelligence, international development, and humanitarian and community services.

Explore key ideas in areas including epistemology, ethics, logic and metaphysics.

The purpose of philosophy is to learn how to evaluate theories and arguments, how to construct your own arguments, and how to communicate ideas in a clear and powerful way.

Through your studies you'll develop critical thinking, communication and complex reasoning skills, which can be used in endless careers and roles.

You'll also learn about different research methods and analysis that can be applied throughout your degree.

By studying this major you will gain the knowledge and practical skills needed to address pressing local and global issues.

Learn about various approaches to cooperation and conflict resolution, and get a better understanding of political processes.

Careers can be found in diplomacy and foreign affairs, defence and intelligence, government and policy, international development, and humanitarian and community services.

Learn to express yourself through writing and music production, and become technically equipped for changing music-making environments.

Graduates often find work in teaching, music production, broadcasting and audio engineering.

Study includes multimedia storytelling and production, media design, public relations writing, editing and publishing practices.

This major will prepare you for careers that require clear writing and creative communication in print or digital modes.

Graduates undertake careers in human resources, mental health services, youth and child support work, or fields a diverse as marketing, aged care and corrective services.

Only the extended major in Psychology is accredited by the Australian Psychology Accreditation Council. For more information on becoming a registered psychologist, visit the School of Psychology website .

Learn how we are shaped by education, socioeconomic status, religion, gender and ethnicity, and understand how to analyse social problems and issues.

Many graduates secure roles in the public and private sectors as policy analysts, researchers, policy advisers, project managers and social workers.

Courses cover Latin American thinking, European film, and how Spanish has become the official language for major international bodies like the United Nations and World Bank.

Mastering a world language like Spanish will enhance future career opportunities if you're also studying business, education, engineering and other fields.

You'll understand the role and importance of sport, and how different social factors can influence motivation and participation.

The career fields are diverse, and include journalism, management, PR and marketing, public health, education and psychology.

Understanding religion is crucial in order to understand our past and present.

This major will lead you to reflect on and understand religious traditions, questions and values. It offers a critical, multidisciplinary approach to a range of faiths and spiritual experiences.

You'll be prepared for work in areas including education and academia, health and social welfare, law and justice, or even broadcasting.

Through international case studies, simulations and industry-facing projects, you’ll learn about tourism and event systems, planning, operations, sales, marketing, policy and strategy.

In addition to learning about current practices and emerging trends in tourism and events, you’ll develop key business skills and attributes that will help you become a successful industry leader, including teamwork, leadership, creativity, critical thinking and problem-solving.

Graduates can market and manage tourist destinations, develop tourism policy, design sustainable tourism products, create innovative tourism experiences, or work as event and festival managers, consultants, or conference and convention centre managers. Graduates may also find success in various public and private tourism organisation roles.

Work with world-renowned creative practitioners to learn strategies for designing, structuring, writing and revising, and build a portfolio career in the changing publishing landscape.

Extend your networks and knowledge of the industry to become a creative or a corporate writer, or simply a better writer in general.

Writing skills are always in demand. Graduates have found work as journalists, teachers, editors, ghostwriters, publishers and playwrights.

You'll learn about the iconic images and identities, the major challenges and issues that make Australian culture and society unique.

Graduates can apply their knowledge of Australian in areas including tourism and hospitality, business and enterprise, politics, diplomacy, culture and the arts.

Graduates have the opportunity to take on roles that advance social justice and the status of women and girls, or work in politics, public policy, research or analysis.

Your study also covers social interaction, and the everyday uses and therapeutic applications of music.

Graduates can find roles in music practice, educational, therapeutic and organisational contexts.

With almost 200 million native speakers in Europe and Asia, Russian is truly an international language and a window into one of the world's great cultures.

Courses in this minor cover introductory language skills, grammatical concepts and structures as well as translating and interpreting studies. You don’t need to have any prior knowledge of Russian.

Graduates have used their Russian language skills to enhance their employability in fields such as law, economics, tourism, business, and politics.

Fees and Scholarships

Indicative annual fee.

Approximate yearly cost of tuition (16 units). Your fees will vary according to your selected courses and study load. Fees are reviewed each year and may increase.

Learn more about undergraduate fees

Approximate yearly cost of tuition (16 units). Your fees will vary according to your study load. Fees are reviewed each year and may increase.

AUD $48,720

Government assistance, financial aid.

As an international student, you might be eligible for financial aid – either from your home country, or from the Australian Government.

Learn more about financial aid

Domestic places in the Bachelors of Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management are Commonwealth Supported. This means the cost of your education is shared between you and the Australian Government.

Instead of tuition fees, Commonwealth Supported students pay what are called student contribution amounts.

HECS-HELP is an Australian Government loan scheme to assist eligible students with the cost of their student contribution amounts.

Learn more about HECS-HELP

Centrelink support

The Australian Government offers a number of income-support payments to eligible Australian university students.

Learn about Centrelink payments for students

Scholarships

You may be eligible for more than 100 scholarships, including:

How to apply

Applying online.

If your senior schooling is from outside Australia, you can submit your application to UQ. Or, if you prefer, you can use an  approved UQ agent in your country .

The program code for the Bachelors of Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management is  2474 .

Find out more about applying for undergraduate study

If your senior schooling is from Australia

Submit your application to the Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre if you're an international student who is currently studying:

  • Australian Year 12 (in Australia or another country), or
  • the International Baccalaureate in Australia.

The QTAC code for the Bachelors of Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management is  707701 .

Applying through QTAC

All domestic applications should be submitted to the Queensland Tertiary Admissions Centre (QTAC).

The QTAC code for the Bachelors of Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management is 707701 .

Find out more about applying for undergraduate study

Important dates

If you’re studying Year 12 in Australia ,  go to the QTAC website  to check the closing date for this program. 

If you’re applying to UQ , the closing date for this program is: 

  • To commence study in semester 2 - May 31 of the year of commencement.
  • To commence study in semester 1 - November 30 of the previous year.

To learn more about UQ dates, including semester start dates,  view the Academic Calendar . 

To check the closing date for this program, go to the QTAC website .

To learn more about UQ dates, including semester start dates, view the Academic Calendar .

Admissions schemes

Applying to university can be both exciting and daunting, which is why we’ve tried to make the process as simple as we can.

We have several schemes in place to improve your chances of getting a place at UQ.

Learn more about admission schemes

Pathway options

A rank or score doesn’t determine your potential.

If you're not offered a place in your first-choice program – or if you don't meet the entry requirements – you still have a number of options.

Learn more about pathway options

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander applicants

For support with applying – or if you have any questions about university life – get in touch with our Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit.

Contact the ATSIS Unit

Explore other programs

Bachelor of regional and town planning, bachelors of arts / education (secondary), bachelors of journalism / arts, bachelor of advanced business (honours), express yourself. and your interest..

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IMAGES

  1. Tunisia tourism case study by tomstafford8

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  2. (PDF) An Integrated Planning Framework for Sustainable Tourism: Case

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  3. Tunisia Travel Guide: Essential Facts and Information

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  4. 7 top attractions in Tunisia

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  5. (PDF) Tourism marketing and its effect to achieve economic development

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  6. 17 Top-Rated Attractions & Places to Visit in Tunisia

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COMMENTS

  1. How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap? Tunisia Case

    Tunisia experienced a year-on-year average growth rate of 1.14% for the time period 1976 to 2017. Since the recession in 2009, there has been an almost exponential growth in tourism in terms of the contribution of travel services to commercial service imports. Travel services (% of commercial service imports), % of commercial service imports.

  2. An Enduring 'Touristic Miracle' in Tunisia? Coping with Old ...

    grandeur 1 Ben Ali deployed to celebrate economic progress linked to tourism, the sector is in crisis.2 Indeed, the decrease in tourism revenues after regime change and political turmoil between 2010 and 20 143 has negative consequences on the. national economy as a whole.4 Since 2011, Tunisia has been going through.

  3. Tunisia tourism: Diversification is key to recovery

    The strategy aims to reach 50 to 60 percent of the tourism figures recorded in 2019 at the end of 2022; 80 percent in 2023 and a return to normal tourism dynamics in 2024. Tunisians protest against poverty, high prices and food shortages. Tunisia looks to boost trade with African neighbours. However, in order to reach a full recovery ...

  4. The Impact of Tourism on Economic Growth in Tunisia: Application

    The objective of this work is the empirical investigation of the relationship between tourism and economic growth in Tunisia over the period from 1975 to 2018. Using control variables chosen ...

  5. Application of Tourist Function Indicators in Tourism Development. Case

    The research was conducted in three stages: 1) analysis of the phases of tourism development in Tunisia from 1960 to 2019 in relation to the Tourism Area Life Cycle concept, 2) identification of ...

  6. Preservation and tourism in Tunisia: on the colonial past in the

    This article explores the nature and products of neocolonialism in postcolonial heritage management and tourism practices, using several case studies from Tunis including curated medina walking tours, the renovation of the Avenue Bourguiba, and expansion of the renowned Bardo Museum. ... 27 Travel and tourism, accounting for 14.2% of Tunisia ...

  7. The sociocultural effects of tourism in Tunisia: a case study of Sousse

    The author concludes that the relative importance of policies toward employment and women's status in connection with support for family planning has probably varied over time, with economics playing a greater role in the 1970s. Expand. Semantic Scholar extracted view of "The sociocultural effects of tourism in Tunisia: a case study of Sousse."

  8. Exploring the Relationship Between Tourism Development, Energy

    The study reveals that economic growth converges to its long-run equilibrium at an adjusting speed of about 25.7% in Morocco, 5.8% in Egypt, and 2.1% in Tunisia. The findings of the study confirm ...

  9. The Political Economy of Tourism in Tunisia

    The Political Economy of Tourism in Tunisia - Volume 31 Issue 1. ... the case of Zambia', and 'Coups d'Etat and African Tourism: a study of Ghana', in Annals of Tourism Research (Elmsford ... Evaluation of the quality of tourist packages in Tunisia by Polish tourists: a case study using the SERVPERF method. Turyzm/Tourism, Vol. 27, Issue ...

  10. Tunisia tourism: The past, present and future in Sousse

    11 July 2015. AFP. In 2014 tourism made up around 15% of Tunisia's economy. Now that the UK government has urged Britons to leave Tunisia in the wake of June's gun attack in Sousse, there is a ...

  11. Application of Tourist Function Indicators in Tourism Development. Case

    DOI: 10.17951/B.2020.75..143-160 Corpus ID: 235355952; Application of Tourist Function Indicators in Tourism Development. Case Study of Tunisia @article{Widz2020ApplicationOT, title={Application of Tourist Function Indicators in Tourism Development.

  12. Tourism and development in Tunisia

    TOURISM IN TUNISIA From its inception as a coherent development strategy in 1962, tour- ism in Tunisia has been designed to appeal to a mass market focused around the package tour concept. ... (Table 9). A 1988 study directed by ONTT estimated that the number of jobs directly attributed to tourism ranged between 0.88 and 1.2 per hotel bed, a ...

  13. PDF Case study #3

    Case study : Optimizing thassoaltherapy centres in Tunisia Tunisia began its therapeutic tourism in 1994 and has expanded this particular health sector by combining the comfort of lavish thalassic hotels with the rejuve-nation of mineral-rich seawater treatments, achieving second place among the world's top thalassotherapy destinations.

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    The main result of this study is the development of a system dynamic-based tourism model for Tunisia that can be used by policy-makers to achieve sustainable tourism development. Read more Article

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  18. Tunisia Case Study (Tourism Reducing The Development Gap)

    As of 2016, 127.2 billion dollars. What is the value of tourism to Tunisia? - The tourism sector now represents 6.5% of Tunisia's GDP. - Provides 340,000 jobs of which 85,000 are direct jobs or 11.5% of the working population with a high share of seasonal employment. Give some statistics about the visitors in Tunisia...

  19. GCSE

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  20. The Tunisian Tourism Business: What We Learn About The ...

    For example, in the case of Tunisia, the tourism industry's inc ome represents only 7% of its gross domestic product (GDP ) over the last decade (2000 - 2010).

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  25. Bachelors of Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management

    Arts / Tourism, Hospitality and Event Management. Discover your passion through arts disciplines that provide the skills to succeed in the global workplace, while developing your managerial talents, business acumen and professional abilities to deliver exceptional tourism experiences. This dual degree program provides the opportunity to combine ...

  26. Tunisia Case Study Geography GCSE AQA Paper 2 Flashcards

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