pandemic in hindi essay

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यूनिसेफ़ खोजें

भारत में कोरोनावायरस के बारे में: जरूरी जानकारी, एक उपन्यास कोरोनावायरस (cov) कोरोनवायरस का एक नया तनाव है।.

• में उपलब्ध:

नोवेल कोरोनावायरस क्या है ? नोवेल कोरोनावायरस, यह कोरोना वायरस का नया नस्ल है| सबसे पहले वुहान, चीन में पता लगने वाले नोवेल कोरोनावायरस से होने वाली बीमारी को कोरोनावायरस डिजीज (COVID-19/कोविड - 19) कहते हैं | 

CO कोरोना के लिए, VI - वायरस के लिए और D - डिजीज के लिए है | पहले इस बीमारी को ‘2019 नोवेल कोरोनावायरस’ या ‘2019-nCoV.’ के नाम से जाना जाता था |

COVID-19/कोविड - 19 वायरस, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) से जुड़ा हुआ एक नया वायरस है|

COVID-19/कोविड - 19 वायरस किस तरह फैलता है? यह वायरस किसी पीड़ित व्यक्ति के खांसने या छींकने से सांस के कणों/बूंदों के सीधे संपर्क में आने से या वायरस से संक्रमित सतह को छूने से फैलता है | COVID-19/कोविड - 19 वायरस कुछ घंटों तक अपनी सतह पर जीवित रहता है लेकिन इसे किसी साधारण निस्संक्रामक से ख़त्म किया जा सकता है | कोरोनावायरस के लक्षण क्या हैं?

इसके लक्षणों में बुखार, खांसी, जल्दी-जल्दी सांस लेना आदि हो सकता है | अधिक गंभीर मामलों में निमोनिया या सांस की तकलीफ आदि हो सकते हैं | और गंभीर लेकिन कम मामलों में इससे जान भी जा सकती है | इसके लक्षण फ्लू (इन्फ्लुएंजा) या सामान्य सर्दी-जुकाम से मिलते जुलते हैं, जिनकी सम्भावना COVID-19/कोविड - 19 की अपेक्षा अधिक है | 

इसलिए इसमें टेस्ट करना ज़रूरी है जिससे किसी को COVID-19/कोविड - 19 होने पर पता चल सके | ये जानना महत्वपूर्ण है कि इससे बचाव के वही सामान्य तरीके हैं - बार-बार हाथ धोना और सांस लेने सम्बन्धी सावधानियां (खांसते या छींकते समय टिश्यू या कोहनी को मोड़ कर अपना मुंह और नाक ढक लें और इस्तेमाल के बाद टिश्यू को किसी बंद कूड़ेदान में फ़ेंक दें) |

इसके संक्रमण के खतरे से हम किस तरह बच सकते हैं?

यहाँ चार सावधानियां बताई जा रही हैं, जिससे आप और आप का परिवार संक्रमण से बच सकता है:

निरंतर अपना हाथ साबुन या अल्कोहल आधारित हैंड-रब से साफ़ करें |

खांसते या छींकते समय टिश्यू या कोहनी को मोड़ कर अपना मुंह और नाक ढक लें और इस्तेमाल के बाद टिश्यू को नष्ट कर दें |

अगर आपको या आपके बच्चे को बुखार, खांसी या सांस की तकलीफ हो तो अपने स्वास्थ्य कर्मी या डॉक्टर से संपर्क करें ।

सर्दी-जुकाम या फ्लू के लक्षणों वाले किसी भी व्यक्ति के संपर्क में आने से बचें |

क्या मुझे मेडिकल मास्क पहनना चाहिए?

यदि आपको सांस से सम्बंधित लक्षण हैं (खांसी और छींकना) तो और लोगों को बचाने के लिए आपको मेडिकल मास्क पहनना चाहिए | अगर आपको कोई लक्षण नहीं है तो आपको मेडिकल मास्क पहनने की ज़रुरत नहीं है | 

अगर आप मास्क पहनते हैं तो उसे सही ढंग से इस्तेमाल करने के बाद नष्ट कर देना चाहिए जिससे उसका सही असर हो और उससे किसी और में वायरस का संक्रमण न फैले | 

केवल मास्क पहनने से ही संक्रमण से बचाव नहीं होता है, इसलिए इसके साथ बार-बार हाथ धोना, छींकते और खांसते समय मुंह ढकना और किसी सर्दी या फ्लू के लक्षणों (खांसी, छींक, बुखार) वाले व्यक्ति से सीधे संपर्क से बचना ज़रूरी है |  

क्या COVID-19/कोविड - 19 बच्चों को प्रभावित करता है ?

ये एक नया वायरस है और अभी हमें इस बारे में अधिक जानकारी नहीं है कि ये बच्चों को किस प्रकार प्रभावित करता है | हम जानते हैं कि इस वायरस से कोई भी प्रभावित हो सकता है लेकिन अभी तक COVID-19/कोविड - 19 से बच्चों के प्रभावित होने के कम मामले ही सामने आये हैं | मुख्य रूप से कोविड - 19 पहले से बीमार वृद्ध लोगों के मामले में अधिक प्रभावित करता है |

अगर मेरे बच्चे में COVID-19/कोविड - 19 के लक्षण दिखें तो मुझे क्या करना चाहिए ?

डॉक्टर को दिखाएँ, लेकिन याद रखें कि इस समय उत्तरी गोलार्द्ध (hemisphere) में फ्लू का मौसम चल रहा है और COVID-19/कोविड - 19 के लक्षण जैसे खांसी या बुखार फ्लू या असामान्य सर्दी-जुकाम में भी होते हैं - जिसकी सम्भावना बहुत अधिक है |

हाथ और सांस सम्बन्धी स्वच्छता का पूरा ध्यान रखें, जैसे लगातार हाथ धोना और बच्चों को सभी टीके लगे होना - जिससे आपका बच्चा बीमारियां पैदा करने वाले अन्य वायरस और बैक्टीरिया से बचा रहे |

आपको या आपके बच्चे को फ्लू की तरह अन्य सांस सम्बन्धी संक्रमण के लक्षण होने पर भीड़ वाली जगह (काम की जगह, स्कूल, पब्लिक ट्रांसपोर्ट) में जाने से बचें, जिससे अन्य लोगों में ये संक्रमण न फैले |

अगर मेरे परिवार के किसी सदस्य में इसके लक्षण दिखें तो मुझे क्या करना चाहिए ?

अगर आपको या आपके बच्चे को बुखार, खांसी या सांस की तकलीफ हो तो तुरंत डॉक्टर को दिखाना चाहिए | अगर आप किसी ऐसी जगह गए हैं जहाँ COVID-19/कोविड - 19 के मामले सामने आये हों, या किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति के संपर्क में आये हों जो ऐसे जगह पर गया हो और उसे सांस सम्बन्धी तकलीफ हो, तो आप पहले ही अपने डॉक्टर को संपर्क करें |

क्या मुझे अपने बच्चे को स्कूल नहीं भेजना चाहिए ?

अगर आपके बच्चे में ये लक्षण हैं तो डॉक्टरी मदद लें और डॉक्टर की सलाह मानें, अन्यथा फ्लू जैसे सांस के अन्य संक्रमण के मामले में बच्चे को घर पर आराम करने दें और भीड़ वाली जगह में जाने और संक्रमण फैलने से रोकें |

अगर आपके बच्चे में बुखार, खाँसी जैसे लक्षण नहीं हैं और स्वास्थ्य या स्कूल सम्बन्धी कोई सलाह नहीं जारी किया गया है - तो बेहतर होगा कि आप अपने बच्चे को स्कूल भेजें |

बच्चे को स्कूल न भेजने के बजाय उसे स्कूल और अन्य स्थानों पर हाथ और सांस सम्बन्धी स्वच्छता, जैसे बार-बार हाथ धोना (नीचे देखें), कोहनी मोड़ कर या टिश्यू से खांसते या छींकते समय मुंह और नाक ढक लेना और इस्तेमाल के बाद टिश्यू को किसी बंद कूड़ेदान में फ़ेंक देना और गंदे हाथ से अपनी आँख, मुंह या नाक न छूना आदि सिखाएं |

सही ढंग से हाथ धुलने का सबसे अच्छा तरीका क्या है ?

पहला चरण  – नल के / बहते पानी में हाथ गीला करिए |

दूसरा चरण  – पूरे हाथ के लिए पर्याप्त साबुन लीजिये |

तीसरा चरण  – पूरे हाथ को कम से कम 20 सेकंड तक साबुन से मलिए – हाथ के पीछे, उँगलियों के बीच में और नाखूनों के अंदर भी |

चौथा चरण  - नल के / बहते पानी में हाथ अच्छे से धुलिये |

पांचवां चरण  – साफ़ कपड़े या एक बार इस्तेमाल करने वाले तौलिये से हाथ पोछें |

निरंतर हाथ धोइए, विशेष रूप से खाने से पहले, नाक साफ करने के बाद, खांसने या छींकने के बाद और बाथरूम में जाने के बाद|

अगर साबुन और पानी उपलब्ध न हो तो अल्कोहल युक्त सैनीटाईज़र, जिसमे कम से कम 60% अल्कोहल हो, से हाथ साफ़ करें | अगर हाथ देखने में गन्दा लग रहा हो तो, साबुन और पानी से हाथ साफ करें |

यात्रा करते हुए मुझे अपने परिवार के लिए क्या सावधानियां बरतनी चाहिए ?

किसी दूसरे देश की यात्रा करने से पहले वहां के सम्बन्ध में जारी कोई यात्रा सम्बन्धी सलाह, देश में प्रवेश के सम्बन्ध में किसी प्रकार की रोक, प्रवेश के समय क्वारंटाइन सम्बन्धी निर्देश या अन्य कोई सलाह के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त कर लें |

यात्रा सम्बन्धी सामान्य सावधानियों के साथ, क्वारंटाइन से बचने के लिए या अपने देश में वापस लौटने के प्रतिबन्ध से बचने के लिए, आपको इंटरनेशनल एयर ट्रांसपोर्ट एसोसिएशन की वेबसाइट पर COVID-19/कोविड –19 के बारे में ताज़ा स्थिति (the latest COVID-19 update on the International Air Transport Association website) की जानकारी प्राप्त कर लें |

किसी भी यात्रा के दौरान सभी अभिभावक खुद के लिए और अपने बच्चों के सम्बन्ध में स्वच्छता सम्बन्धी मानकों का पालन करें: बार-बार हाथ धुलें या अल्कोहल युक्त सैनीटाईज़र, जिसमे कम से कम 60% अल्कोहल हो, से हाथ साफ़ करें, सांस सम्बन्धी स्वच्छता (कोहनी मोड़ कर या टिश्यू से खांसते या छींकते समय मुंह और नाक ढक लेना और इस्तेमाल के बाद टिश्यू को नष्ट कर देना) का पालन करें और किसी खांसने या छींकने वाले के संपर्क में आने से बचें | इसके अतिरिक्त अभिभावकों को ये सलाह है कि वे हमेश अपने साथ हाथ साफ करने वाला सैनीटाईज़र, डिस्पोजेबल टिश्यू और कीटाणु नाशक वाइप्स साथ रखें |

इसके अतिरिक्त ये करने की भी सलाह दी जाती है की किसी विमान या अन्य किसी गाड़ी में बैठते समय कीटाणु नाशक वाइप्स से अपनी सीट, आर्म्स रेस्ट, टच स्क्रीन आदि को साफ कर लें | जिस होटल में आप और आपके बच्चे रुकें, वहां भी कीटाणु नाशक वाइप्स से चाबियाँ, दरवाजों के हैंडल, रिमोट कण्ट्रोल आदि साफ कर लें |  

क्या किसी गर्भवती महिला से उसके बच्चे में कोरोनावायरस जा सकता है ?

अभी तक इस विषय में पर्याप्त जानकारी उपलब्ध नहीं है कि किसी गर्भवती महिला से गर्भावस्था के दौरान उसके बच्चे में वायरस जा सकता है या नहीं और इसका उसके बच्चे पर क्या प्रभाव हो सकता है | इस बारे में शोध अभी जारी है | गर्भवती महिलाओं को इस वायरस के संपर्क में आने से बचने के लिए ज़रूरी सावधानियों को अपनाएं और बुखार, खांसी या सांस की तकलीफ जैसे लक्षण दिखने पर डॉक्टर को दिखाएँ|

क्या कोरोना वायरस से पीड़ित माँ के द्वारा अपने बच्चे को स्तनपान करना सुरक्षित है ?

इससे प्रभावित या अधिक जोखिम वाले क्षेत्रों में रहने वाली या बुखार, खांसी या सांस की तकलीफ की लक्षण वाली माताओं को डॉक्टरी सलाह लेनी चाहिए, और उनका पालन करना चाहिए |

स्तनपान के फायदों को ध्यान में रखते हुए और श्वास सम्बन्धी अन्य वायरस की माँ के दूध में क्षीण भूमिका  को देखते हुए देखते हुए माताओं को अपने बच्चों को पूरी सावधानी के साथ स्तनपान कारन जारी रखना चाहिए |

जैसा कि COVID-19/कोविड –19से संक्रमित या संभावित अन्य मामलों में सावधनी रखना चाहिए, इसके लक्षण वाली माताओं को भी, जो स्तनपान कराती हैं, सभी सावधानियां रखनी चाहिए जैसे मास्क पहनना, अपने बच्चे के पास जाते समय (या उसे स्तनपान कराते समय) अपना हाथ धुलना, संक्रमित सतहों को साफ / विसंक्रमित करना आदि |

यदि माँ ज्यादा बीमार हो तो उनको, संक्रमण से बचाव के तरीके अपनाते हुए, अपना दूध निकल कर किसी साफ कप या चम्मच से बच्चे को पिलाने को कहना चाहिए|

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कोरोनवायरस ऐसे वायरस परिवार से है जो सामान्य जुकाम से लेकर गंभीर स्वरूप की बीमारि जैसे की मिडल ईस्ट रिस्पेरेटरी सिंड्रोम कोरोनावायरस (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome- MERS) और सीवियर एक्यूट रिस्पेरेटरी सिंड्रोम कोरोनावायरस (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome- SARS) का कारण बनता है।

नोवल कोरोनावायरस (COVID-19) की पहचान चीन के वुहान में 2019 में हुई थी। यह एक नया कोरोनोवायरस है जिसे मनुष्यों में पहले कभी नहीं देखा गया था।

यह कोर्स COVID-19 और उभरते हुए श्वसन सम्बन्धी वायरस के बारेमें एक सामान्य परिचय प्रदान करता है और सार्वजनिक स्वास्थ्य पेशेवरों, घटना प्रबंधकों / अधिकारी और संयुक्त राष्ट्र (UN), अंतर्राष्ट्रीय संगठनों और गैर सरकारी संगठनों (NGO) के लिए काम करने वाले कर्मचारियों के लिए अभिप्रेत है।

चूंकि भौतिक निर्माण के बाद आधिकारिक रोग का नाम स्थापित किया गया था, nCoV का कोई भी उल्लेख COVID-19 को संदर्भित करता है, जो हाल ही में खोजे गए कोरोनावायरस के कारण होने वाला संक्रामक रोग है।

कृपया ध्यान दें कि इस पाठ्यक्रम की सामग्री को वर्तमान में नवीनतम मार्गदर्शन को दर्शाने के लिए संशोधित किया जा रहा है। आप निम्न पाठ्यक्रमों में कुछ COVID-19-संबंधित विषयों पर अद्यतन जानकारी प्राप्त कर सकते हैं: टीकाकरण: COVID-19 वैक्सीन चैनल आईपीसी उपाय: * COVID-19 के लिए आईपीसी एंटीजन रैपिड डायग्नोस्टिक टेस्टिंग: 1) SARS-CoV-2 एंटीजन रैपिड डायग्नोस्टिक टेस्टिंग ; 2) SARS-CoV-2 एंटीजन RDT कार्यान्वयन के लिए मुख्य विचार

कृपया ध्यान दें: इन सामग्रियों को 03/03/2020 को लॉन्च किया गया था।

Course contents

मॉड्यूल ए: उभरते श्वसन वायरस का परिचय, covid-19 के सहित:, मॉड्यूल बी: covid-19 सहित उभरते श्वसन वायरस का पता लगाना: निगरानी और प्रयोगशाला जांच:, मॉड्यूल सी: जोखिम की सूचना और सामुदायिक सहभाग :, मॉड्यूल डी: उभरते हुए श्वसन वायरस की रोकथाम और सामना करना, जिसमें covid-19 भी शामिल है:, enroll me for this course, certificate requirements.

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कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) - Covid-19 महामारी पर हिंदी में निबंध

Updated On: January 09, 2024 05:14 pm IST

• कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) 100, …
• कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) 100 …
• कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) 200 …
• कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) 500 …
• कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध 10 लाइन हिंदी में (Essay on …

कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (Essay on Coronavirus in Hindi) 100, 200 और 500 शब्दों में 

कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (essay on coronavirus in hindi) 100 शब्दों में , कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (essay on coronavirus in hindi) 200 शब्दों में, कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध (essay on coronavirus in hindi) 500 शब्दों में, covid-19 पर निबंध - प्रस्तावना , कोरोना वायरस की उत्पत्ति, कोरोना वायरस से बचाव के उपाय.

• अपने हाथों को बार-बार धोएं। हाथ धोने से कोरोना वायरस के फैलने का जोखिम कम हो जाता है। हाथों को कम से कम 20 सेकंड तक साबुन और पानी से धोना चाहिए। यदि साबुन और पानी उपलब्ध नहीं हैं, तो अल्कोहल-आधारित हैंड सैनिटाइज़र का उपयोग किया जा सकता है।
• संक्रमित व्यक्ति से दूर रहें। कोरोना वायरस संक्रमित व्यक्ति के खांसने या छींकने से निकलने वाले महीन बूंदों के माध्यम से फैलता है। यदि आप किसी ऐसे व्यक्ति के संपर्क में हैं जो संक्रमित है, तो अपने लक्षणों पर ध्यान दें और यदि आपके कोई लक्षण दिखाई दें तो तुरंत चिकित्सा सहायता लें।
• सार्वजनिक स्थानों पर मास्क पहनें। मास्क पहनने से कोरोना वायरस के फैलने से बचाव में मदद मिल सकती है।
• अपने चेहरे को छूने से बचें। अपने चेहरे को छूने से कोरोना वायरस आपके शरीर में प्रवेश कर सकता है।
• स्वस्थ आहार खाएं, पर्याप्त नींद लें और नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करें।
• भीड़-भाड़ वाले स्थानों पर जाने से बचें।
• सार्वजनिक परिवहन का उपयोग करने से बचें।

COVID-19 पर निबंध - निष्कर्ष

कोरोना वायरस पर निबंध 10 लाइन हिंदी में (essay on coronavirus in 10 lines in hindi) .

• कोरोना वायरस उन वायरस के समूह से है जो बहुत तेजी से संक्रमित करते हैं।
• कोरोना वायरस की शुरुआत चीन के वुहान शहर से हुई जहां इसे इंसानों ने बनाया।
• भारत में कोरोना वायरस का पहला मामला जनवरी 2020 में सामने आया था।
• कोरोना वायरस खांसने और छींकने से फैलता है और खांसते और छींकते समय हमें अपना मुंह और नाक ढक लेना चाहिए।
• हमें अपनी सुरक्षा के लिए मास्क पहनना चाहिए और अपने हाथों को नियमित रूप से साफ करना चाहिए।
• हमारी सुरक्षा के लिए, सरकार ने इस वायरस के प्रसार को रोकने के लिए पूरे देश को बंद कर दिया था।
• कोरोना वायरस के कारण स्कूल को ऑनलाइन कर दिया गया था और छात्र घर से पढ़ाई करते थे।
• कोरोना वायरस के कारण लॉकडाउन में सभी लोग घर पर थे।
• इस दौरान बहुत से लोगों ने अपने परिवार के सदस्यों के साथ खूब समय बिताया।
• खुद को सुरक्षित रखने के लिए नियमित रूप से हाथ धोना और चेहरे पर मास्क पहनना बहुत जरूरी है।

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कोरोनावायरस (coronavirus) के तेजी से प्रसार को देखते हुए, पूरी दुनिया इसके प्रभावों का सामना कर रही है। कोविड-19 (covid-19) को महामारी (pandemic) घोषित हुए 10 महीने हो चुके हैं। हमें अब भी दुनियाभर में टीका (corona vaccine) लगाने का इंतजार है और यह देखना शेष है कि वे यथास्थिति को बदलने में कितने प्रभावी हैं।.

फ्री मूवमेंट पार पाबंदी से सर्विस सेक्टर प्रभावित

वायरस (Corona Virus) फैलने के बाद से राज्य सरकारों ने लॉकडाउन लगाए और इससे फ्री-मूवमेंट पर पाबंदी लग गई। इसका सबसे बड़ा असर सेवा क्षेत्र पर पड़ा है। इसने बेरोजगारी बढ़ाई है क्योंकि लोग सार्वजनिक परिवहन के माध्यम से अपने कार्य क्षेत्र तक यात्रा नहीं कर पा रहे थे। इसके अलावा, भारत में रोजगार का एक बड़ा हिस्सा असंगठित क्षेत्र में काम करता है, लॉकडाउन की वजह से काम की कमी ने प्रवासी मजदूरों को अपने गांव-शहर यानी गृह नगर लौटने को मजबूर किया। पर्यटन, रिटेल और आतिथ्य क्षेत्रों पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ा है। अच्छी बात यह रही कि अनलॉक ने स्थिति में सुधार किया और मांग को काफी हद तक वापस लाया। कॉन्फेडरेशन ऑफ ऑल इंडिया ट्रेडर्स (सीएआईटी) के अनुसार, दिवाली के सीजन में मांग में 10.8% की बढ़ोतरी देखी गई और बाजार में तेजी का रुख बना हुआ है।

वर्क फ्रॉम होल कल्चर विकसित

अन्य मुद्दे उन संरचनात्मक परिवर्तनों की बात करते हैं जिन्हें कंपनियों को अपने संचालन में करना पड़ा। इस प्रकोप के कारण ‘घर से काम’ (Work from home) और ‘कहीं से भी काम करने’ (Work from any where) के तरीके विकसित हुए जिससे सोशल डिस्टेंसिंग (social distance) के मानदंड में बदलाव हुआ। यह कोविड-19 से पहले अकल्पनीय था, क्योंकि लोगों को काम करने के लिए शारीरिक रूप से रिपोर्ट करना पड़ता था। यह संगठनों और कर्मचारियों, दोनों के लिए पॉजिटिव रहा क्योंकि इसने कंपनियों को अपने फिक्स ओवरहेड्स को कम करने की अनुमति दी है, जबकि इससे कर्मचारियों को समय बचाने में मदद मिली। कर्मचारी भी लागत बचाने में सक्षम हुए क्योंकि वे अब अपने गृहनगर में रह रहे हैं। दूसरी ओर, कंपनियां रियल एस्टेट और अन्य ओवरहेड्स पर खर्च कम कर रही हैं। वे अब सक्रिय रूप से टियर-3 और टियर-4 शहरों से काम पर रख रहे हैं, क्योंकि कर्मचारियों को रीलोकेट करने की आवश्यकता नहीं है।

हेल्थ और फार्मा क्षेत्र में भी इनोवेशन

हेल्थ सेक्टर (Health sector) में भी स्थिति इसी तरह की बनी है। हेल्थ और फार्मा क्षेत्रों में स्टॉक की कीमतों में वृद्धि देखी गई क्योंकि कंपनियां बड़ी मात्रा में बिक्री हासिल करने में सक्षम थीं। फार्मा और हेल्थ टेक कंपनियां डिजिटल स्पेस (Digital Space) का अधिकाधिक इस्तेमाल कर रही हैं क्योंकि ग्राहक मौजूदा स्वास्थ्य संकट के दौरान अपनी दवाओं और स्वास्थ्य योजनाओं के लिए डॉक्टरों से परामर्श करने के लिए मोबाइल ऐप का उपयोग कर रहे हैं। वायरस के फैलने से पहले ही उद्योग विकास की गति पर था। कोविड-19 ने विकास को और तेज किया।

एफआईआई का प्रवाह बढ़ा

कोविड-19 (Covid-19) संकट को सरकारों और केंद्रीय बैंकों ने मौद्रिक और राजकोषीय उपायों (Fiscal stimulus) के साथ जवाब दिया है जो वैश्विक वित्तीय संकट के चरम के दौरान घोषित की गई थी। इसके कारण विकसित अर्थव्यवस्थाओं में ब्याज दरें शून्य के करीब है। इससे वैश्विक तरलता में वृद्धि हुई, जिसके परिणामस्वरूप भारत सहित बड़े उभरते बाजारों में एफआईआई का प्रवाह आया, क्योंकि हमें वित्त वर्ष 2021 में अब तक 2 लाख करोड़ रुपए से अधिक का प्रवाह प्राप्त हुआ है। इसने शेयर बाजारों में अपने ऑलटाइम हाई पर बेंचमार्क इंडेक्स ट्रेडिंग के साथ मजबूत बुलिश ट्रेंड का भी नेतृत्व किया है। बाजार में रिकवरी की प्रमुख विशेषताओं में से एक खुदरा बिक्री में उल्लेखनीय वृद्धि हुई है क्योंकि निवेशकों ने बाजारों में प्रवेश करने के लिए सस्ते मूल्यांकन का लाभ उठाया।

वित्तीय समझदारी का गुण सीखे

महामारी ने हमें वित्तीय समझदारी (Financial smartness) के गुण सिखाए हैं। यदि आप नियमित निवेश (Investment) और लिक्विड फंड्स के साथ वित्तीय योजना बनाते हैं, तो वे अंततः ऐसे संकट काल में आपकी मदद करते हैं। न केवल वे आपको उनके साथ बेहतर तरीके से सामना करने के लिए सशक्त बनाते हैं, बल्कि बाजार में कोई अवसर सामने दिखने पर उसका लाभ उठाने में भी मदद करते हैं। इन सबसे ऊपर, यह आय का एक अतिरिक्त स्रोत बनकर उभरा है और आपको मुद्रास्फीति को हराने में मदद करता है।

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How India is dealing with COVID-19 pandemic

Aritra ghosh.

a Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK

Srijita Nundy

b School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea

Tapas K. Mallick

India, which has the second-largest population in the world is suffering severely from COVID-19 disease. By May 18th, India investigated ∼1 lakh (0.1million) infected cases from COVID-19, and as of 11th July the cases equalled 8 lakhs. Social distancing and lockdown rules were employed in India, which however had an additional impact on the economy, human living, and environment. Where a negative impact was observed for the economy and human life, the environment got a positive one. How India dealt and can potentially deal with these three factors during and post COVID-19 situation has been discussed here.

Graphical abstract

Graphical abstract showing World-wide distribution of COVID-19 with symptoms and precautions to be taken against coronavirus infection and India.

• • COVID-19 drastically hits the Indian economy.
• • Disease and starvation both concomitantly influenced the death of Indian.
• • Environment is the only sector that got a positive impact from COVID-19.

1. Introduction

Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses, ranging from 60 nm to 140 nm in diameter with a crown-like appearance, found in mammals particularly in humans and birds. Coronaviruses are known to have mutated and recombined behaviour causing respiratory, enteric, hepatic, and neurologic diseases. Coronavirus has a total of seven strains which include HKU1, NL63, 229E and OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-19 (COVID-19 being the latest), out of which first four had a mild impact on infested human with mild respiratory disease [ 1 , 2 ], whereas the other three caused a fatal impact on humankind. Previously in 2002–03, more than 8000 people suffered and 774 died due to SARS. In 2012, attributable to MERS-CoV, 2494 persons were infected and over 858 people lost their lives worldwide [ 3 , 4 ] and currently COVID-19 triggered 5,56,335 deaths infecting 216 countries worldwide (as of 11 th July 2020). The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is different since it was first reported because of their mutation and recombination property.

The first outbreak of COVID-19 occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province in early Dec 2019 where several patients with viral pneumonia were found to be epidemiologically associated with the Huanan seafood market in Wuhan. This market is famous for sell of wildlife animals and several non-aquatic animals such as birds and rabbits were also on sale before the outbreak. On 30 th January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an outbreak, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) and on Feb 2020, WHO officially named this outbreak of the disease associated with the coronavirus as COVID-19 where CO-Corona, VI-Virus D- Disease, and 19–2019 is the year it primarily occurred. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the root cause behind COVID-19 disease. SARS-CoV-2 has a 79.6% sequence match to SARS-CoV and is 96% identical to a bat-derived Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-like CoronaVirus [ 5 , 6 ]. Current assessments indicated that COVID-19 has a median incubation period of 3 days (range 0–24 days), with potential asymptomatic transmission [ 7 ].

It took 67 days (∼7th march) to infect 1 lakh people from COVID-19, an additional 12 days (∼19th March) to infiltrate further 1 lakh and with a third invasion taking only 4 days (∼23rd March), indicating SARS-CoV-2 to be a highly transmissive type virus. By 30th March, the number of confirmed cases has shown an exponential spike to 7.25 lakhs across the globe. COVID-19 outbreak is the sixth PHEIC (public health emergency of international concern) following H1N1 (2009), polio (2014), Ebola (2014 in West Africa), Zika (2016), and Ebola (2019 in the Democratic Republic of Congo) [ 3 ]. India which is the second-largest population in the world having a rural-based and growing-urban developing economy is also suffering severely from this COVID-19. India reached its first 1 lakh infection on18 th May 2020, and as of 11th of July crossed 8.5 lakhs.

COVID-19 not only killed people through virus incursion but also due to economic and mental collapse, where developing countries suffered from unemployment and hunger. India enforced 68 days of four-phased-lockdown starting from 24th March ∼31st May to deal with COVID-19. However, in this current scenario of the COVID-19 period, what remains unanswered is whether the virus or the hunger is prepotent in India. Thus, how India is equipped to deal with, coping with the current situation, adverse effects on the economy, human living, and environment along with various approaches undertaken to overcome this pandemic is the topic of discussion in this work.

2. Indian scenario for COVID-19

2.1. how coronavirus spread to and in india.

In the beginning, coronavirus cases in India happened due to the abroad connection rather than transmission within the country. The first three infection cases occurred on 30th January and 3rd February in Kerala as they returned from Wuhan China [ 8 ]. Within a month later on 3rd March, two more cases were reported where one patient had a travel history from Italy while the other in Hyderabad visited Dubai. On the very same day, few other cases were observed in Jaipur [ 9 ]. To control this spread, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) issued travel advisory restrictions which were similar to the previous pandemics such as SARS, Ebola, and bubonic plague, including the imposition of self-quarantine rules for 14 days to all international travellers entering the country. Additionally, travel visas were restricted until 15th April for other countries [ 10 ] and on 16 th March 2020, MoHFW proposed various interventions such as social distancing of ≤ 1 m [ 11 ] to avoid/decrease the rate and extent of disease transmission in a community which eventually leads to decreasing in a spread, morbidity, and mortality due to the disease.

On 22nd March, Prime Minister Narendra Modi encouraged people to follow 14 h of Janata curfew in India [ 12 ]. On 24th March first phase of 21 days lockdown started in India [ 13 ]. Due to this lock down, mobility in grocery and pharmacy, recreation and retail, transit to station visits to parks, and workplaces reduced by 64.2%, −70.51%, −65.6%, −46.17 and −60.03% respectively [ 14 ]. Due to the growing number of infestation from COVID-19, on 14th April [ 15 ], Indian government declared an extended 2nd phase lockdown till 3rd May which was further lengthened till 17th May and later imposed till 31st May [ 14 ]. To make the lockdown and social distancing effective, India also levied the quarantine law under the Epidemic Disease Act, 1897. This 123-year-old legislation allows a state/country to inspect people traveling by railways, ships (air travel was not an option at that time when this law was created), and segregate suspects in hospitals, under temporary accommodations, or otherwise to prevent the spread of dangerous pandemic disease [ 16 ]. However, this is very trivial compared to North Korea's law where the military was imposed to enforce a quarantine [ 17 , 18 ].

Looking at the current trend in India, after the first confirmed case been reported on 30th January, the total number of confirmed patients reached 107 by 15th March, and since then, the number of positive cases is incessantly increasing. Within 15 days (15th to 30th March), confirmed cases of COVID-19 in India multiplied by 10 times. As of 30th March, India crossed more than 1071 cases with 29 deaths. Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) projected that India can reduce the cases by 62% if social distancing and proposed quarantine interventions are effectively executed. Another research revealed that India may corroborate nearly 13 lakh cases by mid-May if the spread of the virus is not contained, which however can be reduced with increased testing, obeying stringent measures, and implementing restrictions [ 19 ]. Nevertheless, in India COVID-19 cases reached 1,01,139 by 18th May. Initially, it was considered that India was dealing well with a low number of positive cases from COVID-19 because of the constricted transmission during a lockdown and social distancing [ 20 ], however, at the end of all lockdown phases, India experienced a total of 1,90,648 confirmed case including 5407 deaths due to this disease [ 21 ]. Cities like Ahmedabad, Bengaluru, Bhopal, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, and Kolkata were identified as the COVID-19 hotspots with four major metropolitan cities accounted for nearly 40% of the COVID-19 cases in India [ 22 ]. It was speculated that the disease speeded in a higher number among children age ≤10 years and elder people diagnosed with other health issues [ 23 ]. Even though several researchers are now engaged to predict and estimate the COVID-19 cases and end of this pandemic [ [24] , [25] , [26] ], India is experiencing exponential growth in the number of COVID-19 cases. As of 11 th July 2020, India is the 3rd most COVID-19 infected country with currently 2,922,58 active cases, along with 5,34,620 patients being cured and discharged (recovery rate of 60.86%) followed by the demise of 22,674 COVID-19 infected patients. Fig. 1 shows the total infected cumulative cases in India till 11 th July 2020. The active, cured/discharged, deaths and total confirmed cases have been tabulated in Table 1 .

Cumulative total COVID-19 cases in India till 11th July 2020 [ 27 ].

Table 1

Total Covid-19 infections in different Indian states and Union Territories as of 1 st July 2020 [ 28 ].

2.2. Approaches and measure

The clinical features of COVID-19 include fever (not in all), breathing difficulty, cough, lethargy, headache, myalgia, sore throat, and conjunctivitis (also in some cases). Hence, distinguishing this disease from other respiratory infections is relentlessly challenging [ 29 , 30 ]. Presently, no successful antiviral treatment or vaccine is available for COVID-19. Patients with severe acute respiratory infection, respiratory distress, hypoxemia, or shock demands immediate oxygen therapy. As a protective measure against COVID-19 transmission, WHO instructed certain practices like through and regular washing of hands using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer or soap and water, whilst outside avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, circumvent distance traveling or crowd gathering and, encouraged breastfeeding babies to enhance immunity.

The Indian government (central and state level) is working intensely to minimalize the number of cases and consequences daily and is taking all necessary steps to combat the challenges and threat posed by this growing invisible pandemic war involving public, medical association, nurses, NGOs, police forces, including paramilitary. Earnest efforts of all the frontline workers especially medical doctors, nurses, healthcare staff, sanitation workers, police personnel, volunteers, and active support and obedience of people of India has been the only possible reason owing to the control and treatment of pandemic. Additionally, to treat/stop this COVID-19 infection there is a pressing need to handle this battle at a scientifically advanced level. Indian government got critically involved with the COVID-19 outbreak and started scanning every person. Currently, the testing facility includes Real-time PCR test, Point-of-Care molecular diagnostic assays, rapid antibody test (suitable for surveillance as the results come after 7–10 days of the pandemic infection) and point of care rapid antigen detection test for early detection of COVID-19 [ [31] , [32] , [33] , [34] , [35] , [36] ]. Starting from less than 100 tests per day, on 18th May India reached a 2,00,000 test landmark in its fight against COVID-19. This 2000 fold increase became achievable with cooperation from airlines, railways, medical colleges, ministries, postal services, research institutions, and testing laboratories. In January 2020, India had a single laboratory testing for COVID-19, at the Indian Council of Medical Research's National Institute of Virology, Pune and on 20th May 555 laboratories were set up across the country and currently, there are 1105 operational labs (788 govt labs and 317 private labs) to deal with COVID-19 cases [ 37 ]. Cumulatively 1,15,87,153 samples are tested so far and 2,80,151 as on 11 th July 2020 [ 38 ]. Additionally, over 2.02 crore N95 masks and 1.18 crore PPE kits are distributed in Indian states and UTs for free since 1st April. India launched ‘ArogyaSetu’ mobile application for tracking the movements.

With no vaccine or antiviral drug available against SARS-CoV-2, Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is being advised as chemoprophylaxis drug for asymptomatic healthcare personnel handling COVID-19 cases, frontline workers, and asymptomatic contacts of the confirmed cases while hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin combination is recommended for patients with serious sickness [ 39 ]. However, Indian Heart Rhythm Society recommends the use of HCQ as per the ICMR task force recommendations and strongly discourages its use for the general public without medical supervision and prescription [ 40 ]. Also, ICMR advised to conduct ECG palpitations, chest pain syncope) during the course of prophylaxis [ 41 ]. More than 6.12 crore HCQ tablets have been provided to states/UTs. Although the development and clinical trial of drugs is an ongoing process, the MoHFW, India stated that ≥1.5–2 years can be required for the development of a vaccine. Recently, Bharat Biotech International Ltd. in collaboration with ICMR – National Institute of Virology, Pune developed one COVID-19 vaccine. To investigate it more in-depth scrutiny, phase 1 and 2 clinical trials are permitted by the Drugs Controller General of India [ 42 ]. Even though the clinical trials of plasma therapy have been commenced by ICMR [ 43 ], the director general of ICMR advised that it’s too early to give green signals for the success of this treatment as the number of patients involved in this treatment is still comparably insignificant. A drug can only be considered gold standard if the trial when conducted randomly shows a significant positive result from half of the tested patients treated using the experimental drug over the other half, not treated with the experimental drug [ 44 ].

Ministry of AYUSH made recommendations based on Ayurvedic literature and scientific publications for preventive measures and boosting immunity with special references to respiratory health. Medicinal plants such as Tinospora cordifolia (for chronic fever), Andrographis paniculate (for fever and cold), Cydonia oblonga Zizyphus jujube Cordia myxa (Antioxidant for immune-modulatory, anti-allergic, smooth muscle relaxant and anti-influenza activity), Arsenicum album 30 (for Effective against SARS-CoV-2, immune-modulator), Agastya Haritaki (Upper respiratory infections), Anuthaila, Adathodai Manapagu, Bryonia alba, Rhus toxico dendron, Atropa belladonna, Bignonia sempervirens, and Eupatorium perfoliatum because of their antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, was considered and recommended to be favourable for the COVID-19 treatment and boosting immunity [ 45 ]. Ministry of AYUSH advised few health care measures and self-care guidelines for enhancing immunity (to fight against COVID-19) with ayurvedic procedures, like drinking warm water throughout the day, regular practice of Yogasana, Pranayama and meditation for at least 30 min, intake of spices like Haldi (Turmeric), Jeera (Cumin), Dhaniya (Coriander) and Lahsun (Garlic), drinking herbal tea/decoction (Kadha) made from Tulsi (Basil), Dalchini (Cinnamon), Kalimirch (Black pepper), Shunthi (Dry Ginger) and Munakka (Raisin) - once or twice a day, application of sesame/oil/coconut oil in the nostrils every morning/evening, oil pulling therapy, intake of chavanprash (10 gm/day), Golden Milk- Half teaspoon Haldi (turmeric) powder in 150 ml hot milk - once or twice a day, etc. Additionally, steam inhalation with fresh pudina, clove powder with honey can be taken to fight against dry cough/sore throat [ 46 ].

2.3. Indian economy due to COVID-19 (negative)

Indian economy, a developing market has already been in a crisis phase since last year when its economy reduced to 4.9% (in 2019) being the least since 2013. The primary reason for this downfall was Demonetisation in November 2016 which made 86% of the money in the economy unusable overnight [ 47 ]. This created a great negative impact on the growth of the industry e.g. demand for vehicles sale in India was low last year particularly the motorcycle which is a very attractive mode of transportation in rural India. Tourism is one of the most powerful sectors worldwide and India is no different. India ranked 34th among the 140 economies over the world in 2019. In 2018–2019 more than 10 million foreign tourists visited India and contributed an enormous amount into the Indian economy [ 48 , 49 ].

The day Prime Minister Narendra Modi first declared the 21 days of lockdown he also warned that this lockdown will have a negative economic impact and we have to pay the price for it. The All India Association of Industries (AIAI) estimated loss for Indian economy slated to be $640 million with growth slated to be between 5 and 5.6% till 2022 [ 50 , 51 ]. After the first lockdown phase, within 7 days, electricity demand reduced to 30%, traffic in port became 5% less, oil demand lessened by 70%, and Indian rail activity was below 36% compared to last year [ 47 ]. The unemployment rate increased to 19% after a month of lockdown and overall unemployment was 26% across India by 24th April. Hence, the lockdown has a havoc impact on small, medium, and large enterprises of the country, which led to no job and economic downturn condition [ 52 ].

Swiggy and Zomato, two key food delivery players already started laying off the employees [ 53 ]. Previously they both used to handle over a million orders a day across more than 300 cities. The tourism sector also expected to have 70% job losses [ 54 ]. Likewise, India has an economy where a large section of people depends on the daily wages e.g. autorickshaw drivers, carpenters, delivery boys, domestic laborers, scrap or waste collectors, tea girls, vegetable vendors, and waiters. Unaware of the end to this pandemic COVID-19 and restricted lockdown scenarios, returning to its pre-lockdown stage will take time. For 2020, the tourism industry and air travel are expected to suffer greatly, and India's GDP growth is expected to decline ∼2.5% from 5.3%.

However, complete lockdown in China can open a new place for the Indian economy as senior industrialists from India are hoping that India can be the new manufacturing hub for the world [ 55 ] nonetheless India needs to improve on the raw material sector otherwise this fact will not be a reality. India can take advantage particularly in the pharma industry, where India depends on 70% pharmaceutical ingredients [ 56 ]. Also, oil price reduced a lot from $68/barrel (on 3rd Jan) to $28.2/barrel (20th March) and India should take the advantages to buy them and store for future use as currently, the demand is low [ 57 ]. Even though there were huge economic losses due to lockdown but the government had no choice [ 58 ]. To stir up the economy Indian government is spending a $266 billion package which can improve 4% of the GDP [ 59 ]. These are a few measures but still not enough to reach India's previous growth of GDP.

2.4. Indian lifestyle, human life due to COVID-19 (negative)

Life in India includes urban and rural and they both got impacted by COVID-19. The disease in transmission was previously epicentre in all the major metro and capital cities of Indian states. However, both people from rural and urban sectors face a real traumatized situation. COVID-19 has created a negative impact on human life also. First to tame the COVID- 19 transmission, locked down and social distancing measure was taken. From 24th March, 1.3 billion people were in lockdown situations in India. Social distancing, advised in India, is difficult to follow for the urban poor who lives in slums or closed and small places. Mumbai (18.93° N, 72.83° E), the capital of Maharashtra state also known as the business centre of India is renowned for its large number of slums. It is estimated that 9 million people live in Mumbai slums where houses are fairly 10 ft by 10 ft and under such conditions obeying social distancing is a questionable issue [ 60 ]. In return, it can also be seen that in India number of COVID-19 cases are maximum in Maharashtra (37,136 cases by 20th May; 75995 cases by 1st July) and particularly high in the city [ 28 ]. In reality, social distancing is an oxymoron in such India's scenario [ 61 ].

Additionally, sudden lockdown enforcement on 24 th March 2020, forced millions of migrant workers to undergo an uncertain future without family, food, and job. Usually, more than 50 million people migrated from Assam, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal to Maharashtra and Delhi for work. Due to lockdown, these people were forced to move out of their cities and return to their homes in the countryside [ 62 ]. In the absence of transport facilities, workers with infants, pregnant women, and the elderly were forced to walk on foot [ 63 ]. Hence, India experienced the second-largest reverse mass in its history after the Partition of India in 1947. Prominent psychosocial issues are expected among migrants for pandemic COVID-19 and lockdown [ 64 , 64 , 65 ].

Additional directives for workplaces like work from home (WfH) were advised in India which is however suitable only for urban upper- and middle-class people and is challenging for the rural agriculture-based population. Also, India still lacks places with the facility of computers and the internet, and hence these WfH is a challenge [ 66 ]. The Indian IT industry with primarily call-centres and knowledge process outsourcing were not ready for the lockdown and WfH situation [ 67 ]. However, a 60% hike of Wi-Fi network equipment, e.g. routers and mobile hotspot dongles demand were observed in India during the COVID-19 lockdown and WfH scenario causing a little boost up to the telecom industry.

Parallelly, the education system is also currently at a halt due to COVID-19 in India. During this lockdown period, the educational institutions were closed which hampered the overall teaching-learning process and education system due to the unavailability of online and computer systems among all the students in rural India owing to the disparity of economic condition. However, accessibility of android mobile and 4G connection, mobile phones in the urban sector of India [ 68 ], resulted in running schools online, where rural sections remained deprived of education.

Medical facilities faced critical time in India. Under the normal scenario, available beds per 10,000 people were 3.2 for rural and 11.9 for urban [ 69 , 70 ] which had to increase to accommodate COVID-19 patients. Because of the busy schedule for COVID-19 cases, some disruption and discrepancies were observed for the other treatments. Little difficulties occurred for running the children vaccination program for tuberculosis, meningitis, pneumonia, whooping cough, tetanus, hepatitis B, and diphtheria [ 71 ]. For adults, disruption of kidney dialysis, chemotherapy services were also noticed [ 72 , 73 ]. Tuberculosis (TB) still possesses the highest level of burden in India which generally occurs due to malnutrition associated with poverty. Lockdown cases had a great increasing impact on the TB cases while they are also vulnerable to COVID-19 infection [ 74 ]. Nevertheless, to manage the COVID-19 cases, colleges, hotels, railway train coaches, were converted into quarantine facilities while stadiums were converted into isolation wards.

Isolation, fear, uncertainty, economic turmoil is namely a few issues that can greatly cause psychological distress among humans due to COVID-19 [ 75 ]. In India poverty, starvation, hunger is still an issue that will be escalated due to COVID-19. Mass unemployment is likely to create frustration and drive people to chronic stress, anxiety, depression, alcohol dependence, and self-harm. In the 2008 economic crisis, 10,000 “economic suicides” cases were reported across the US, Canada, and Europe, due to the financial crisis. For a country with the highest number of poor and malnourished, and individuals with depression and anxiety, India reported 1,34,516 suicides in 2018. Reportedly on 12 th Feb 2020, a 50-year-old man diagnosed with a viral illness had a constant fear of getting infected by COVID-19 and this led him to commit suicide [ 76 ]. From 19th March to 2nd May, 338 deaths were reported due to lockdown which includes suicides arising due to fear from corona, self-isolation, starvation, and financial distress [ 77 , 78 ]. Further, suicide cases were registered for the reason of banning alcohol [ 79 ] during the lockdown period [ 80 ]. Impact of lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India (611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India participated in this survey) was conducted and it was found that 22.5% of surgeons faced stressed while 40.5% faced mild stress [ 81 ]. Further staying at home during the lockdown, caused poor physical activity and unhealthy food habits which in turn generates weight gain, diabetes and increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease [ 82 , 82 , 83 , 83 ].

Comparably some positive health issues were also observed. During the analysis performed using 100 registered patients from MV Hospital for Diabetes, Diabetes Research Centre, Chennai, it was observed that among 92% of the participants who have Type 2 diabetes, 80% of patients followed a routine lifestyle and controlled diet during the lockdown period while 40% of the participants were anxious for COVID-19 infection [ 84 ]. Another probably positive side of the lockdown is people are now staying home and have time for family, which is only legitimate with economically stable families [ 85 ].

2.5. Indian overall environment scenario (Positive)

Air pollution in India is severe and has an adverse impact on human health causing more than 3,50,000 new cases of childhood asthma and 16,000 premature death every year [ 86 ]. This is due to the presence of NO 2 and particulate matter in the range of 2.5–10 μm diameter in the air generated from fossil fuel burning and primarily from the transport sector in India. Due to lockdown, air flight, and every possible mode of transportation, along with industries, which are the primary sources of air pollution were ceased. Hence an improved air quality was visible [ 87 , 87 , 88 , 88 ].

Probably environment is the only sector that got an immensely positive impact form this COVID-19 scenario [ 89 ]. International energy agency reported that global coal use was 8% lower in the first quarter in 2020.

This Fig. 2 shows the Copernicus Sentinel-5P satellite of India before and after lock-down and also the previous year. A considerable amount of reduction in nitrogen dioxide concentrations reduction was observed. Delhi and Mumbai had a 40–50% NO 2 emission reduction compared to the previous year. The electricity consumption level declined by up to 9.2% while vital industrial states Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra faced a 5% reduction in electricity consumption during the end of March 2020. Several cities in Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Vadodara, and Surat) are equipped with power plants, transportation, outdoor waste incineration, construction, and brick kilns resulting poor air quality, also recorded a 30% power consumption decline due to lock-down [ 90 , 91 ] along with a 34–75% reduction of particulate matter, SO2, NO2, and CO, was between which enhanced the air quality index [ 92 ]. In India, coal-fired power generation was 15% less in March and 30% less in April [ 93 ]. Except for two units at Dadri Power Plant, all other coal-based power plants within a 300 km radius of Delhi (Haryana, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh) were shut down due to low demand. Because of the locked down in March, total fossil fuel consumption reduced to 18% compared to last year's March [ 86 ]. The first phase-locked down showed that air quality particularly the reduction of NO 2 . Delhi the capital of India which experienced air quality index up to 900, now air quality index below 20, because of the absence of 11 million registered cars from the road. The reduction of PM 2.5 was alarming in Delhi [ 94 ]. Dwarka river basin of Eastern India is highly polluted because of stone quarrying and crushing. During the lockdown period, it was found that the maximum PM10 concentration reduced from 278 μg/m3 (pre lockdown) to 50–60 μg/m3 after 18 days of the lockdown in that area. An improvement in the quality of the Yamuna river (concentrations of pH, EC, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, and chemical oxygen demand reduced by 1–10%, 33–66%, 51%, 45–90%, and 33–82% respectively) was also observed due to the shutting down of the Delhi-NCR industries, which mostly discharged the wastes and the toxic effluents into the river (vice-chairman of Delhi Jal Board Raghav Chadha. S) [ 95 ]. The surface temperature was reduced by 3–5 °C while the noise level dropped to <65dBA from above 85dBA [ 96 ]. Further, water quality of river Ganga was also improved during lockdown conditions [ 97 ]. Critically endangered, South Asian River Ganges Dolphins also were spotted back in the Ganga river after 30 years. Tens of thousands of flamingos have gathered in the city of Navi Mumbai. The birds normally migrate to the area every year, but residents have reported that this year they have seen a massive increase in their numbers. The Uttarakhand Pollution Control Board also reported that the Water from Har-ki-Pauri in Haridwar is 'fit for drinking after chlorination', which is due to the absence of industrial drainage waste into the river [ 98 ].

Nitrogen dioxide emission before and after a lockdown in India [ 90 ].

3. Discussion

India is still struggling and not sure when the peak will come. Researchers are involved to create theories and forecasting models [ 99 , 100 ]. It is certain that during the first phase of lockdown COVID-19 infected cases were under controlled [ 101 ]. Because of the population and population density lockdown was needed [ 102 ]. It should be mentioned that the People of India followed the Government prescribed rules and were knowledgeable about the drastic impact of COVID-19 hence tried to abide by the regulations [ 103 , 104 ]. Lockdown reduced the transmission and several countries got success from it. By the first week of March 2020, several countries like China, Italy, Spain, and Australia were fighting with the COVID-19 pandemic by taking strict measures like nationwide lockdown or by cordoning off the areas that were suspected of having risks of community spread [ 105 ].

India is currently facing dreadful impact from COVID-19 and due to its combined fear and lockdown scenario, a majority of Indians will face unemployment which will trigger them towards hunger issues, poverty, and mental illness. Even though it is still not clear whether coronavirus or hunger is prepotent to which Indians are exposed every day. So far it is clear that COVID-19 created a mixed impact on society including the economy, lifestyle, and environment. It is hard to imagine that the traumatic experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic will be forgotten quickly or disappear entirely over time. Lack of trust may grow between the citizen and the institution body. There is no space to celebrate or follow any model as there is a chance of the second wave.

There is a probable chance to have the second wave of COVID-19 and if that occurs India will suffer in huge from every aspect [ 106 ]. Previously in 2009, HIN1 influenzas flu and 1918 influenza pandemic both had the second wave, and that was more drastic than the first one [ 107 ]. In another study, it was predicted that India may see 2.87 lakh cases per day by the end of 2021 [ 108 ].

4. Conclusion

Thus, how India is the topic of discussion in this work. In this work, how India is equipped to deal with an increasing number of COVID-19 cases, coping with the current situation such as adverse effects on the economy, human living, and environment during the COVID-19 lockdown period along with various approaches undertaken to overcome this pandemic is discussed. Three segments were emphasized here: the economy, human life, and environment. It is evident that while the first two have a negative impact due to corona, the environment has an immensely positive impact. However, it's a big question for India that whether COVID-19 or hunger is the real issue now? As for the COVID-19 Indian economy is at a halt, thereby the unemployment number will be increasing in the future. Also, without proper vaccination, containing COVID-19 cases is a real challenge.

Authors contribution

Conceptualization: A.G.; Data curation: A.G.; Investigation; AG, SN; Project administration: AG,TM; Resources:AG,SN,TM; Supervision: AG, Roles/Writing - original draft: AG; Writing - review & editing: AG,SN,TM.

This work did not receive any specific grant.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

How to Write About Coronavirus in a College Essay

Students can share how they navigated life during the coronavirus pandemic in a full-length essay or an optional supplement.

Writing About COVID-19 in College Essays

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Experts say students should be honest and not limit themselves to merely their experiences with the pandemic.

The global impact of COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus, means colleges and prospective students alike are in for an admissions cycle like no other. Both face unprecedented challenges and questions as they grapple with their respective futures amid the ongoing fallout of the pandemic.

Colleges must examine applicants without the aid of standardized test scores for many – a factor that prompted many schools to go test-optional for now . Even grades, a significant component of a college application, may be hard to interpret with some high schools adopting pass-fail classes last spring due to the pandemic. Major college admissions factors are suddenly skewed.

"I can't help but think other (admissions) factors are going to matter more," says Ethan Sawyer, founder of the College Essay Guy, a website that offers free and paid essay-writing resources.

College essays and letters of recommendation , Sawyer says, are likely to carry more weight than ever in this admissions cycle. And many essays will likely focus on how the pandemic shaped students' lives throughout an often tumultuous 2020.

But before writing a college essay focused on the coronavirus, students should explore whether it's the best topic for them.

Writing About COVID-19 for a College Application

Much of daily life has been colored by the coronavirus. Virtual learning is the norm at many colleges and high schools, many extracurriculars have vanished and social lives have stalled for students complying with measures to stop the spread of COVID-19.

"For some young people, the pandemic took away what they envisioned as their senior year," says Robert Alexander, dean of admissions, financial aid and enrollment management at the University of Rochester in New York. "Maybe that's a spot on a varsity athletic team or the lead role in the fall play. And it's OK for them to mourn what should have been and what they feel like they lost, but more important is how are they making the most of the opportunities they do have?"

That question, Alexander says, is what colleges want answered if students choose to address COVID-19 in their college essay.

But the question of whether a student should write about the coronavirus is tricky. The answer depends largely on the student.

"In general, I don't think students should write about COVID-19 in their main personal statement for their application," Robin Miller, master college admissions counselor at IvyWise, a college counseling company, wrote in an email.

"Certainly, there may be exceptions to this based on a student's individual experience, but since the personal essay is the main place in the application where the student can really allow their voice to be heard and share insight into who they are as an individual, there are likely many other topics they can choose to write about that are more distinctive and unique than COVID-19," Miller says.

Opinions among admissions experts vary on whether to write about the likely popular topic of the pandemic.

"If your essay communicates something positive, unique, and compelling about you in an interesting and eloquent way, go for it," Carolyn Pippen, principal college admissions counselor at IvyWise, wrote in an email. She adds that students shouldn't be dissuaded from writing about a topic merely because it's common, noting that "topics are bound to repeat, no matter how hard we try to avoid it."

Above all, she urges honesty.

"If your experience within the context of the pandemic has been truly unique, then write about that experience, and the standing out will take care of itself," Pippen says. "If your experience has been generally the same as most other students in your context, then trying to find a unique angle can easily cross the line into exploiting a tragedy, or at least appearing as though you have."

But focusing entirely on the pandemic can limit a student to a single story and narrow who they are in an application, Sawyer says. "There are so many wonderful possibilities for what you can say about yourself outside of your experience within the pandemic."

He notes that passions, strengths, career interests and personal identity are among the multitude of essay topic options available to applicants and encourages them to probe their values to help determine the topic that matters most to them – and write about it.

That doesn't mean the pandemic experience has to be ignored if applicants feel the need to write about it.

Writing About Coronavirus in Main and Supplemental Essays

Students can choose to write a full-length college essay on the coronavirus or summarize their experience in a shorter form.

To help students explain how the pandemic affected them, The Common App has added an optional section to address this topic. Applicants have 250 words to describe their pandemic experience and the personal and academic impact of COVID-19.

"That's not a trick question, and there's no right or wrong answer," Alexander says. Colleges want to know, he adds, how students navigated the pandemic, how they prioritized their time, what responsibilities they took on and what they learned along the way.

If students can distill all of the above information into 250 words, there's likely no need to write about it in a full-length college essay, experts say. And applicants whose lives were not heavily altered by the pandemic may even choose to skip the optional COVID-19 question.

"This space is best used to discuss hardship and/or significant challenges that the student and/or the student's family experienced as a result of COVID-19 and how they have responded to those difficulties," Miller notes. Using the section to acknowledge a lack of impact, she adds, "could be perceived as trite and lacking insight, despite the good intentions of the applicant."

To guard against this lack of awareness, Sawyer encourages students to tap someone they trust to review their writing , whether it's the 250-word Common App response or the full-length essay.

Experts tend to agree that the short-form approach to this as an essay topic works better, but there are exceptions. And if a student does have a coronavirus story that he or she feels must be told, Alexander encourages the writer to be authentic in the essay.

"My advice for an essay about COVID-19 is the same as my advice about an essay for any topic – and that is, don't write what you think we want to read or hear," Alexander says. "Write what really changed you and that story that now is yours and yours alone to tell."

Sawyer urges students to ask themselves, "What's the sentence that only I can write?" He also encourages students to remember that the pandemic is only a chapter of their lives and not the whole book.

Miller, who cautions against writing a full-length essay on the coronavirus, says that if students choose to do so they should have a conversation with their high school counselor about whether that's the right move. And if students choose to proceed with COVID-19 as a topic, she says they need to be clear, detailed and insightful about what they learned and how they adapted along the way.

"Approaching the essay in this manner will provide important balance while demonstrating personal growth and vulnerability," Miller says.

Pippen encourages students to remember that they are in an unprecedented time for college admissions.

"It is important to keep in mind with all of these (admission) factors that no colleges have ever had to consider them this way in the selection process, if at all," Pippen says. "They have had very little time to calibrate their evaluations of different application components within their offices, let alone across institutions. This means that colleges will all be handling the admissions process a little bit differently, and their approaches may even evolve over the course of the admissions cycle."

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Read these 12 moving essays about life during coronavirus

Artists, novelists, critics, and essayists are writing the first draft of history.

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The world is grappling with an invisible, deadly enemy, trying to understand how to live with the threat posed by a virus . For some writers, the only way forward is to put pen to paper, trying to conceptualize and document what it feels like to continue living as countries are under lockdown and regular life seems to have ground to a halt.

So as the coronavirus pandemic has stretched around the world, it’s sparked a crop of diary entries and essays that describe how life has changed. Novelists, critics, artists, and journalists have put words to the feelings many are experiencing. The result is a first draft of how we’ll someday remember this time, filled with uncertainty and pain and fear as well as small moments of hope and humanity.

At the New York Review of Books, Ali Bhutto writes that in Karachi, Pakistan, the government-imposed curfew due to the virus is “eerily reminiscent of past military clampdowns”:

Beneath the quiet calm lies a sense that society has been unhinged and that the usual rules no longer apply. Small groups of pedestrians look on from the shadows, like an audience watching a spectacle slowly unfolding. People pause on street corners and in the shade of trees, under the watchful gaze of the paramilitary forces and the police.

His essay concludes with the sobering note that “in the minds of many, Covid-19 is just another life-threatening hazard in a city that stumbles from one crisis to another.”

Writing from Chattanooga, novelist Jamie Quatro documents the mixed ways her neighbors have been responding to the threat, and the frustration of conflicting direction, or no direction at all, from local, state, and federal leaders:

Whiplash, trying to keep up with who’s ordering what. We’re already experiencing enough chaos without this back-and-forth. Why didn’t the federal government issue a nationwide shelter-in-place at the get-go, the way other countries did? What happens when one state’s shelter-in-place ends, while others continue? Do states still under quarantine close their borders? We are still one nation, not fifty individual countries. Right?

Award-winning photojournalist Alessio Mamo, quarantined with his partner Marta in Sicily after she tested positive for the virus, accompanies his photographs in the Guardian of their confinement with a reflection on being confined :

The doctors asked me to take a second test, but again I tested negative. Perhaps I’m immune? The days dragged on in my apartment, in black and white, like my photos. Sometimes we tried to smile, imagining that I was asymptomatic, because I was the virus. Our smiles seemed to bring good news. My mother left hospital, but I won’t be able to see her for weeks. Marta started breathing well again, and so did I. I would have liked to photograph my country in the midst of this emergency, the battles that the doctors wage on the frontline, the hospitals pushed to their limits, Italy on its knees fighting an invisible enemy. That enemy, a day in March, knocked on my door instead.

In the New York Times Magazine, deputy editor Jessica Lustig writes with devastating clarity about her family’s life in Brooklyn while her husband battled the virus, weeks before most people began taking the threat seriously:

At the door of the clinic, we stand looking out at two older women chatting outside the doorway, oblivious. Do I wave them away? Call out that they should get far away, go home, wash their hands, stay inside? Instead we just stand there, awkwardly, until they move on. Only then do we step outside to begin the long three-block walk home. I point out the early magnolia, the forsythia. T says he is cold. The untrimmed hairs on his neck, under his beard, are white. The few people walking past us on the sidewalk don’t know that we are visitors from the future. A vision, a premonition, a walking visitation. This will be them: Either T, in the mask, or — if they’re lucky — me, tending to him.

Essayist Leslie Jamison writes in the New York Review of Books about being shut away alone in her New York City apartment with her 2-year-old daughter since she became sick:

The virus. Its sinewy, intimate name. What does it feel like in my body today? Shivering under blankets. A hot itch behind the eyes. Three sweatshirts in the middle of the day. My daughter trying to pull another blanket over my body with her tiny arms. An ache in the muscles that somehow makes it hard to lie still. This loss of taste has become a kind of sensory quarantine. It’s as if the quarantine keeps inching closer and closer to my insides. First I lost the touch of other bodies; then I lost the air; now I’ve lost the taste of bananas. Nothing about any of these losses is particularly unique. I’ve made a schedule so I won’t go insane with the toddler. Five days ago, I wrote Walk/Adventure! on it, next to a cut-out illustration of a tiger—as if we’d see tigers on our walks. It was good to keep possibility alive.

At Literary Hub, novelist Heidi Pitlor writes about the elastic nature of time during her family’s quarantine in Massachusetts:

During a shutdown, the things that mark our days—commuting to work, sending our kids to school, having a drink with friends—vanish and time takes on a flat, seamless quality. Without some self-imposed structure, it’s easy to feel a little untethered. A friend recently posted on Facebook: “For those who have lost track, today is Blursday the fortyteenth of Maprilay.” ... Giving shape to time is especially important now, when the future is so shapeless. We do not know whether the virus will continue to rage for weeks or months or, lord help us, on and off for years. We do not know when we will feel safe again. And so many of us, minus those who are gifted at compartmentalization or denial, remain largely captive to fear. We may stay this way if we do not create at least the illusion of movement in our lives, our long days spent with ourselves or partners or families.

Novelist Lauren Groff writes at the New York Review of Books about trying to escape the prison of her fears while sequestered at home in Gainesville, Florida:

Some people have imaginations sparked only by what they can see; I blame this blinkered empiricism for the parks overwhelmed with people, the bars, until a few nights ago, thickly thronged. My imagination is the opposite. I fear everything invisible to me. From the enclosure of my house, I am afraid of the suffering that isn’t present before me, the people running out of money and food or drowning in the fluid in their lungs, the deaths of health-care workers now growing ill while performing their duties. I fear the federal government, which the right wing has so—intentionally—weakened that not only is it insufficient to help its people, it is actively standing in help’s way. I fear we won’t sufficiently punish the right. I fear leaving the house and spreading the disease. I fear what this time of fear is doing to my children, their imaginations, and their souls.

At ArtForum , Berlin-based critic and writer Kristian Vistrup Madsen reflects on martinis, melancholia, and Finnish artist Jaakko Pallasvuo’s 2018 graphic novel Retreat , in which three young people exile themselves in the woods:

In melancholia, the shape of what is ending, and its temporality, is sprawling and incomprehensible. The ambivalence makes it hard to bear. The world of Retreat is rendered in lush pink and purple watercolors, which dissolve into wild and messy abstractions. In apocalypse, the divisions established in genesis bleed back out. My own Corona-retreat is similarly soft, color-field like, each day a blurred succession of quarantinis, YouTube–yoga, and televized press conferences. As restrictions mount, so does abstraction. For now, I’m still rooting for love to save the world.

At the Paris Review , Matt Levin writes about reading Virginia Woolf’s novel The Waves during quarantine:

A retreat, a quarantine, a sickness—they simultaneously distort and clarify, curtail and expand. It is an ideal state in which to read literature with a reputation for difficulty and inaccessibility, those hermetic books shorn of the handholds of conventional plot or characterization or description. A novel like Virginia Woolf’s The Waves is perfect for the state of interiority induced by quarantine—a story of three men and three women, meeting after the death of a mutual friend, told entirely in the overlapping internal monologues of the six, interspersed only with sections of pure, achingly beautiful descriptions of the natural world, a day’s procession and recession of light and waves. The novel is, in my mind’s eye, a perfectly spherical object. It is translucent and shimmering and infinitely fragile, prone to shatter at the slightest disturbance. It is not a book that can be read in snatches on the subway—it demands total absorption. Though it revels in a stark emotional nakedness, the book remains aloof, remote in its own deep self-absorption.

In an essay for the Financial Times, novelist Arundhati Roy writes with anger about Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s anemic response to the threat, but also offers a glimmer of hope for the future:

Historically, pandemics have forced humans to break with the past and imagine their world anew. This one is no different. It is a portal, a gateway between one world and the next. We can choose to walk through it, dragging the carcasses of our prejudice and hatred, our avarice, our data banks and dead ideas, our dead rivers and smoky skies behind us. Or we can walk through lightly, with little luggage, ready to imagine another world. And ready to fight for it.

From Boston, Nora Caplan-Bricker writes in The Point about the strange contraction of space under quarantine, in which a friend in Beirut is as close as the one around the corner in the same city:

It’s a nice illusion—nice to feel like we’re in it together, even if my real world has shrunk to one person, my husband, who sits with his laptop in the other room. It’s nice in the same way as reading those essays that reframe social distancing as solidarity. “We must begin to see the negative space as clearly as the positive, to know what we don’t do is also brilliant and full of love,” the poet Anne Boyer wrote on March 10th, the day that Massachusetts declared a state of emergency. If you squint, you could almost make sense of this quarantine as an effort to flatten, along with the curve, the distinctions we make between our bonds with others. Right now, I care for my neighbor in the same way I demonstrate love for my mother: in all instances, I stay away. And in moments this month, I have loved strangers with an intensity that is new to me. On March 14th, the Saturday night after the end of life as we knew it, I went out with my dog and found the street silent: no lines for restaurants, no children on bicycles, no couples strolling with little cups of ice cream. It had taken the combined will of thousands of people to deliver such a sudden and complete emptiness. I felt so grateful, and so bereft.

And on his own website, musician and artist David Byrne writes about rediscovering the value of working for collective good , saying that “what is happening now is an opportunity to learn how to change our behavior”:

In emergencies, citizens can suddenly cooperate and collaborate. Change can happen. We’re going to need to work together as the effects of climate change ramp up. In order for capitalism to survive in any form, we will have to be a little more socialist. Here is an opportunity for us to see things differently — to see that we really are all connected — and adjust our behavior accordingly. Are we willing to do this? Is this moment an opportunity to see how truly interdependent we all are? To live in a world that is different and better than the one we live in now? We might be too far down the road to test every asymptomatic person, but a change in our mindsets, in how we view our neighbors, could lay the groundwork for the collective action we’ll need to deal with other global crises. The time to see how connected we all are is now.

The portrait these writers paint of a world under quarantine is multifaceted. Our worlds have contracted to the confines of our homes, and yet in some ways we’re more connected than ever to one another. We feel fear and boredom, anger and gratitude, frustration and strange peace. Uncertainty drives us to find metaphors and images that will let us wrap our minds around what is happening.

Yet there’s no single “what” that is happening. Everyone is contending with the pandemic and its effects from different places and in different ways. Reading others’ experiences — even the most frightening ones — can help alleviate the loneliness and dread, a little, and remind us that what we’re going through is both unique and shared by all.

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Essay on COVID-19 Pandemic

As a result of the COVID-19 (Coronavirus) outbreak, daily life has been negatively affected, impacting the worldwide economy. Thousands of individuals have been sickened or died as a result of the outbreak of this disease. When you have the flu or a viral infection, the most common symptoms include fever, cold, coughing up bone fragments, and difficulty breathing, which may progress to pneumonia. It’s important to take major steps like keeping a strict cleaning routine, keeping social distance, and wearing masks, among other things. This virus’s geographic spread is accelerating (Daniel Pg 93). Governments restricted public meetings during the start of the pandemic to prevent the disease from spreading and breaking the exponential distribution curve. In order to avoid the damage caused by this extremely contagious disease, several countries quarantined their citizens. However, this scenario had drastically altered with the discovery of the vaccinations. The research aims to investigate the effect of the Covid-19 epidemic and its impact on the population’s well-being.

There is growing interest in the relationship between social determinants of health and health outcomes. Still, many health care providers and academics have been hesitant to recognize racism as a contributing factor to racial health disparities. Only a few research have examined the health effects of institutional racism, with the majority focusing on interpersonal racial and ethnic prejudice Ciotti et al., Pg 370. The latter comprises historically and culturally connected institutions that are interconnected. Prejudice is being practiced in a variety of contexts as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak. In some ways, the outbreak has exposed pre-existing bias and inequity.

Thousands of businesses are in danger of failure. Around 2.3 billion of the world’s 3.3 billion employees are out of work. These workers are especially susceptible since they lack access to social security and adequate health care, and they’ve also given up ownership of productive assets, which makes them highly vulnerable. Many individuals lose their employment as a result of lockdowns, leaving them unable to support their families. People strapped for cash are often forced to reduce their caloric intake while also eating less nutritiously (Fraser et al, Pg 3). The epidemic has had an impact on the whole food chain, revealing vulnerabilities that were previously hidden. Border closures, trade restrictions, and confinement measures have limited farmer access to markets, while agricultural workers have not gathered crops. As a result, the local and global food supply chain has been disrupted, and people now have less access to healthy foods. As a consequence of the epidemic, many individuals have lost their employment, and millions more are now in danger. When breadwinners lose their jobs, become sick, or die, the food and nutrition of millions of people are endangered. Particularly severely hit are the world’s poorest small farmers and indigenous peoples.

Infectious illness outbreaks and epidemics have become worldwide threats due to globalization, urbanization, and environmental change. In developed countries like Europe and North America, surveillance and health systems monitor and manage the spread of infectious illnesses in real-time. Both low- and high-income countries need to improve their public health capacities (Omer et al., Pg 1767). These improvements should be financed using a mix of national and foreign donor money. In order to speed up research and reaction for new illnesses with pandemic potential, a global collaborative effort including governments and commercial companies has been proposed. When working on a vaccine-like COVID-19, cooperation is critical.

The epidemic has had an impact on the whole food chain, revealing vulnerabilities that were previously hidden. Border closures, trade restrictions, and confinement measures have limited farmer access to markets, while agricultural workers have been unable to gather crops. As a result, the local and global food supply chain has been disrupted, and people now have less access to healthy foods (Daniel et al.,Pg 95) . As a consequence of the epidemic, many individuals have lost their employment, and millions more are now in danger. When breadwinners lose their jobs, the food and nutrition of millions of people are endangered. Particularly severely hit are the world’s poorest small farmers and indigenous peoples.

While helping to feed the world’s population, millions of paid and unpaid agricultural laborers suffer from high levels of poverty, hunger, and bad health, as well as a lack of safety and labor safeguards, as well as other kinds of abuse at work. Poor people, who have no recourse to social assistance, must work longer and harder, sometimes in hazardous occupations, endangering their families in the process (Daniel Pg 96). When faced with a lack of income, people may turn to hazardous financial activities, including asset liquidation, predatory lending, or child labor, to make ends meet. Because of the dangers they encounter while traveling, working, and living abroad; migrant agricultural laborers are especially vulnerable. They also have a difficult time taking advantage of government assistance programs.

The pandemic also has a significant impact on education. Although many educational institutions across the globe have already made the switch to online learning, the extent to which technology is utilized to improve the quality of distance or online learning varies. This level is dependent on several variables, including the different parties engaged in the execution of this learning format and the incorporation of technology into educational institutions before the time of school closure caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. For many years, researchers from all around the globe have worked to determine what variables contribute to effective technology integration in the classroom Ciotti et al., Pg 371. The amount of technology usage and the quality of learning when moving from a classroom to a distant or online format are presumed to be influenced by the same set of variables. Findings from previous research, which sought to determine what affects educational systems ability to integrate technology into teaching, suggest understanding how teachers, students, and technology interact positively in order to achieve positive results in the integration of teaching technology (Honey et al., 2000). Teachers’ views on teaching may affect the chances of successfully incorporating technology into the classroom and making it a part of the learning process.

In conclusion, indeed, Covid 19 pandemic have affected the well being of the people in a significant manner. The economy operation across the globe have been destabilized as most of the people have been rendered jobless while the job operation has been stopped. As most of the people have been rendered jobless the living conditions of the people have also been significantly affected. Besides, the education sector has also been affected as most of the learning institutions prefer the use of online learning which is not effective as compared to the traditional method. With the invention of the vaccines, most of the developed countries have been noted to stabilize slowly, while the developing countries have not been able to vaccinate most of its citizens. However, despite the challenge caused by the pandemic, organizations have been able to adapt the new mode of online trading to be promoted.

Ciotti, Marco, et al. “The COVID-19 pandemic.”  Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences  57.6 (2020): 365-388.

Daniel, John. “Education and the COVID-19 pandemic.”  Prospects  49.1 (2020): 91-96.

Fraser, Nicholas, et al. “Preprinting the COVID-19 pandemic.”  BioRxiv  (2021): 2020-05.

Omer, Saad B., Preeti Malani, and Carlos Del Rio. “The COVID-19 pandemic in the US: a clinical update.”  Jama  323.18 (2020): 1767-1768.

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Covid 19 Essay in English

Essay on Covid -19: In a very short amount of time, coronavirus has spread globally. It has had an enormous impact on people's lives, economy, and societies all around the world, affecting every country. Governments have had to take severe measures to try and contain the pandemic. The virus has altered our way of life in many ways, including its effects on our health and our economy. Here are a few sample essays on ‘CoronaVirus’.

100 Words Essay on Covid 19

200 words essay on covid 19, 500 words essay on covid 19.

COVID-19 or Corona Virus is a novel coronavirus that was first identified in 2019. It is similar to other coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but it is more contagious and has caused more severe respiratory illness in people who have been infected. The novel coronavirus became a global pandemic in a very short period of time. It has affected lives, economies and societies across the world, leaving no country untouched. The virus has caused governments to take drastic measures to try and contain it. From health implications to economic and social ramifications, COVID-19 impacted every part of our lives. It has been more than 2 years since the pandemic hit and the world is still recovering from its effects.

Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the world has been impacted in a number of ways. For one, the global economy has taken a hit as businesses have been forced to close their doors. This has led to widespread job losses and an increase in poverty levels around the world. Additionally, countries have had to impose strict travel restrictions in an attempt to contain the virus, which has resulted in a decrease in tourism and international trade. Furthermore, the pandemic has put immense pressure on healthcare systems globally, as hospitals have been overwhelmed with patients suffering from the virus. Lastly, the outbreak has led to a general feeling of anxiety and uncertainty, as people are fearful of contracting the disease.

My Experience of COVID-19

I still remember how abruptly colleges and schools shut down in March 2020. I was a college student at that time and I was under the impression that everything would go back to normal in a few weeks. I could not have been more wrong. The situation only got worse every week and the government had to impose a lockdown. There were so many restrictions in place. For example, we had to wear face masks whenever we left the house, and we could only go out for essential errands. Restaurants and shops were only allowed to operate at take-out capacity, and many businesses were shut down.

In the current scenario, coronavirus is dominating all aspects of our lives. The coronavirus pandemic has wreaked havoc upon people’s lives, altering the way we live and work in a very short amount of time. It has revolutionised how we think about health care, education, and even social interaction. This virus has had long-term implications on our society, including its impact on mental health, economic stability, and global politics. But we as individuals can help to mitigate these effects by taking personal responsibility to protect themselves and those around them from infection.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Education

The outbreak of coronavirus has had a significant impact on education systems around the world. In China, where the virus originated, all schools and universities were closed for several weeks in an effort to contain the spread of the disease. Many other countries have followed suit, either closing schools altogether or suspending classes for a period of time.

This has resulted in a major disruption to the education of millions of students. Some have been able to continue their studies online, but many have not had access to the internet or have not been able to afford the costs associated with it. This has led to a widening of the digital divide between those who can afford to continue their education online and those who cannot.

The closure of schools has also had a negative impact on the mental health of many students. With no face-to-face contact with friends and teachers, some students have felt isolated and anxious. This has been compounded by the worry and uncertainty surrounding the virus itself.

The situation with coronavirus has improved and schools have been reopened but students are still catching up with the gap of 2 years that the pandemic created. In the meantime, governments and educational institutions are working together to find ways to support students and ensure that they are able to continue their education despite these difficult circumstances.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Economy

The outbreak of the coronavirus has had a significant impact on the global economy. The virus, which originated in China, has spread to over two hundred countries, resulting in widespread panic and a decrease in global trade. As a result of the outbreak, many businesses have been forced to close their doors, leading to a rise in unemployment. In addition, the stock market has taken a severe hit.

Effects of CoronaVirus on Health

The effects that coronavirus has on one's health are still being studied and researched as the virus continues to spread throughout the world. However, some of the potential effects on health that have been observed thus far include respiratory problems, fever, and coughing. In severe cases, pneumonia, kidney failure, and death can occur. It is important for people who think they may have been exposed to the virus to seek medical attention immediately so that they can be treated properly and avoid any serious complications. There is no specific cure or treatment for coronavirus at this time, but there are ways to help ease symptoms and prevent the virus from spreading.

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Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

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The role of geotechnical engineer in mining includes designing and determining the type of foundations, earthworks, and or pavement subgrades required for the intended man-made structures to be made. Geotechnical engineering jobs are involved in earthen and concrete dam construction projects, working under a range of normal and extreme loading conditions. 

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An expert in plumbing is aware of building regulations and safety standards and works to make sure these standards are upheld. Testing pipes for leakage using air pressure and other gauges, and also the ability to construct new pipe systems by cutting, fitting, measuring and threading pipes are some of the other more involved aspects of plumbing. Individuals in the plumber career path are self-employed or work for a small business employing less than ten people, though some might find working for larger entities or the government more desirable.

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Urban Planning careers revolve around the idea of developing a plan to use the land optimally, without affecting the environment. Urban planning jobs are offered to those candidates who are skilled in making the right use of land to distribute the growing population, to create various communities. 

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Highway Engineer Job Description:  A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Environmental Engineer

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Naval Architect

A Naval Architect is a professional who designs, produces and repairs safe and sea-worthy surfaces or underwater structures. A Naval Architect stays involved in creating and designing ships, ferries, submarines and yachts with implementation of various principles such as gravity, ideal hull form, buoyancy and stability. 

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Veterinary Doctor

Pathologist.

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Speech Therapist

Gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth. 

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

Hospital Administrator

The hospital Administrator is in charge of organising and supervising the daily operations of medical services and facilities. This organising includes managing of organisation’s staff and its members in service, budgets, service reports, departmental reporting and taking reminders of patient care and services.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs. 

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Videographer

Multimedia specialist.

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications. 

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook. 

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion. 

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article. 

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Linguistic meaning is related to language or Linguistics which is the study of languages. A career as a linguistic meaning, a profession that is based on the scientific study of language, and it's a very broad field with many specialities. Famous linguists work in academia, researching and teaching different areas of language, such as phonetics (sounds), syntax (word order) and semantics (meaning). 

Other researchers focus on specialities like computational linguistics, which seeks to better match human and computer language capacities, or applied linguistics, which is concerned with improving language education. Still, others work as language experts for the government, advertising companies, dictionary publishers and various other private enterprises. Some might work from home as freelance linguists. Philologist, phonologist, and dialectician are some of Linguist synonym. Linguists can study French , German , Italian . 

Public Relation Executive

Travel journalist.

The career of a travel journalist is full of passion, excitement and responsibility. Journalism as a career could be challenging at times, but if you're someone who has been genuinely enthusiastic about all this, then it is the best decision for you. Travel journalism jobs are all about insightful, artfully written, informative narratives designed to cover the travel industry. Travel Journalist is someone who explores, gathers and presents information as a news article.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product. 

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

Merchandiser.

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans. 

Metallurgical Engineer

A metallurgical engineer is a professional who studies and produces materials that bring power to our world. He or she extracts metals from ores and rocks and transforms them into alloys, high-purity metals and other materials used in developing infrastructure, transportation and healthcare equipment. 

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems. 

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party. 

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

ITSM Manager

Information security manager.

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack 

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