crime and deviance 30 mark essay

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Crime & Deviance: AQA A Level Sociology Topic Essays

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A set of 10 exemplar Topic Essays for Crime & Deviance.

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This set of 10 essays demonstrates how to write a top mark band response to a range of questions for the Crime & Deviance topic, covering the entire specification.

Each essay has been written and checked by our experienced team of examiners and detailed examiner commentary has been provided on every essay.

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ReviseSociology

A level sociology revision – education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more!

Evaluate the Contribution of Marxism to our Understanding of Crime and Deviance (30)

Last Updated on January 17, 2019 by Karl Thompson

An essay plan on the Marxist Theory of Crime and Deviance – starting with an introduction outlining the Marxist conception of social class and then covering 4-5 key points such as the costs of corporate crime, selective law enforcement and crimogenic capitalism, with some overall evaluations and a conclusion to round off. 

• The link above takes you to my detailed class notes on Marxism, this post is a briefer, revision version .
• For more essay plans, please see my main page: exams, short answer questions essays , which has links to dozens of posts on exam advice and model answers.

Brief intro outlining key ideas of Marxist Theory (links to Theory and Methods):

• Conflict Perspective
• Class Structure (Bourgeoisie/ Proletariat)
• Capitalism/ Economic Power = other forms of power (Private Property)
• Exploitation/ extraction
• False consciousness/ ideological control
• Political Perspective supports working class struggle and revolution

Point One – The law is made by the elite and supports their interests

• William Chambliss said this
• Against the consensus view of the law
• Most of the law is protection of Private Property
• The whole history of Colonialism supports

Point Two – All classes commit crime, the crimes of the elite are more harmful and they are more likely to get away with it

• Laureen Snider said this
• High profile case studies support this – Bernie Madhoff/ Bhopal
• Statistically supported by Tombs and Whyte

Point Three – Selective Law Enforcement and Ideological Functions

• Working class crime more likely to be punished and criminals jailed
• NOT interactionism, although their work supports this
• 3* ideological functions – e.g. neutralisation of opposition

Point Four – Crimogenic Capitalism

• Crime is a natural outgrowth of Capitalism
• David Gordon ‘Dog Eat Dog society’
• Capitalism breeds desire, selfishness, materialism

Bonus Point Five – Add in Neo-Marxism – The Fully Social Theory of Deviance

• Taylor, Walton and Young – Moral Panics against WC crime = a tool of social control
• Stuart Hall – Policing the Crisis – good illustration of the above
• See criminals as a ‘revolutionary vanguard’

Best Overall Evaluations

• + Better than Consensus Theory – doesn’t ignore power and inequality
• + The law does benefit the rich more because the poor have no significant property
• + Highlights the cost of Corporate Crime and the injustice (links to Victimology)
• + On the side of the many victims of Elite Crime
•  – Economically Deterministic – Evidence that crime exists in non-capitalist societies and crime is going down in the UK
• – Postmodernism – Doesn’t explain recent changes in crime – causes are more complex
• – Realisms – Not pragmatic – offers not immedate ways of controlling crime
• – Realisms – out of touch with working class victims of crime

Conclusion – How Useful is this theory?

• + Useful if you’re a victim of elite crime and think long term political change is required to end this problem.
• – Not useful if you’re a victim of ‘ordinary working class crime’ and want immediate solutions to your problems.

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The Sociology Guy

Helping students understand society

#40DayChallenge – Day 22 Globalisation and Crime

Today we are moving onto Crime and Deviance for the #40DayChallenge and looking at one of the areas that a lot of students fear coming up. I have done a 30 Mark essay walkthrough on Globalisation and Crime on YouTube  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-nMhu9lRTU&t=1209s as I had picked it as a potential question for 2018 and it is still very much a possibility for 2019. However, it may be that such a diverse topic area will be tested out as a 10 marker first so I have put one together for today’s challenge. 

I am also looking at doing a range of different questions on the optional topics for Paper 2 in the very near future and have one of my colleagues providing a different take on the #40DayChallenge for beliefs – if any teachers out there of Culture and Identity, Work, Poverty and Welfare or Health would like to take up the challenge email: [email protected] or through the usual platforms. 

Previous answers for the #40DayChallenge are available to download here

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Crime and Deviance Essay

Introduction, sociological perspective.

Deviance is an act perceived to be against one cultural belief and the act cannot be tolerated. Deviance acts are different from one community to another and also can vary depending on generational time.

For example, the homosexuality is allowed in American society, but in Africa the act is seen as satanic and can make the victims to be stoned to death. In some decades ago, divorce was seen to be against the rule of the church society, but with modernization, divorced has grown to be accepted as part of marriage life (Lukes 28).

Crime is an act that is against the norm of a society and the registered law of the entire country. If a person breaks a certain section of a country law, there is a correction sanction to that person. A person is usually taken to the court of law where the offence is listened to, by the judge and the person is either proven guilty or innocent.

A criminal can be put in jail for some time or for life, sentenced to death and even pay some money as a penalty (Lukes 28). A country law which is constitution is mostly formed by the parliament of that country.

Introduction . Sociologists have tried to understand crime and deviance in different ways. Most of the ancient sociologists have come up with different sociological perspectives that try to explain crime and deviance.

Emile Durkheim came up with rule of sociological methods that explained crime as part of society norms. Durkheim believed crime to be higher in modernized and industrialized society as compared to less modernized. In industrialized society, division of labor is the norm of life and each person is exposed to different work experiences (Moyer 54).

Division of labor exists in two ways, one is mechanical solidarity whereby the members of the society are similar and the organic solidarity in which society members creates a relationship among themselves through the division of labor. As in the division of labor, society people have different influences and situational experiences that distinguish one person from the other.

The personal differences make some people to be criminals and other to be good. No society lacks deviance or crime however perfect it could be. Every community has norms and traditions that put the members together and if the norms are broken, there is state of anomie and lawlessness.

Advantages of the perspective . Durkheim argued that besides division of labor helping to make production rise and improve the human capital it also possessed a moral character that created a sense of solidarity in humans. He explained with a married couple arguing that sexual desire would only exist after the material life has disappeared if the division of labor was to be reduced between the marriage partners.

Durkheim suggested that division of labor has more of social and moral order therefore married couple is bided by their common things they do. Durkheim saw that crime was beneficial to the society in some instances. Crime builds future morality by showing what law is to be followed.

For example a committed crime will lead to establishment of an order that will be followed by the people to avoid repetition of the same crime. Crime corrections or rewards were put not to punish a criminal and make the person stop the crime, but the punishment was to strengthen the entire law to help control crime. Durkheim saw that punishment and crime go together and cannot be separated (Marsh 98).

Drawbacks of the perspective . Crime is has negative impacts and dangerous to the people and the community at large if is at high levels. If crime is not controlled and increases more and more each day, the society can be unable to prevent the criminals. On the other hand, if the crime rate is too low, the society maybe abnormal.

According to Durkheim the breaking of the society way of living or the norms is what brings in the social change which is very important in community development. Otherwise the social change should be controlled or moderate to avoid social problem. In any case the deviance which motivate the social change should be regulated so that to prevent the loss of criminal identity which it is important in the future (Marsh 95).

Durkheim failed to explain how for example division of labor would be used to control crime in the society. Also not all crimes would be beneficial to the society because if a crime resulted to killing or a big damage then the society will drag behind on development.

Lukes, Steven. The rules of the sociological method . New York: Free press, 2007.

Marsh, Ian., Melville, Gaynor. Theories of crime . Canada: Routledge, 2006

Moyer, Imogene. Criminological theories: traditional and non traditional voices . London: sage publishers, 2001.

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IvyPanda. (2024, February 26). Crime and Deviance. https://ivypanda.com/essays/crime-and-deviance/

"Crime and Deviance." IvyPanda , 26 Feb. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/crime-and-deviance/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'Crime and Deviance'. 26 February.

IvyPanda . 2024. "Crime and Deviance." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/crime-and-deviance/.

1. IvyPanda . "Crime and Deviance." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/crime-and-deviance/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "Crime and Deviance." February 26, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/crime-and-deviance/.

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Crime and Deviance- Globalisation and Crime 30 Marker Plan

Subject: Sociology

Age range: 16+

Resource type: Assessment and revision

Last updated

18 August 2022

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30 marker essay plan Crime and Deviance- Globalisation and Crime

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