capstone project class 12 questions and answers

XII AI Unit -1 Capstone Project (Question Bank)

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• XII AI Capstone Project,Capstone Project

1. What is the purpose of a capstone project in AI?

a) To build foundational programming skills

b) To provide exposure to cloud computing

c) To showcase AI knowledge and skills

d) To study cultural differences

2. In the context of AI, what does the term "capstone" refer to?

a) A milestone in the AI project lifecycle

b) A type of data visualization technique

c) An open-source AI framework

d) A mathematical formula in machine learning

3. What is the primary objective of the capstone project in AI?

a) Learning about AI history

b) Demonstrating AI project lifecycle methodologies

c) Discussing the ethics of AI

d) Exploring AI development platforms

4. How is the capstone project different from regular coursework?

a) It involves only theoretical discussions

b) It's a collaborative project with other schools

c) It's a real-world application of AI concepts

d) It's focused solely on data visualization

5. Which stage of the AI project lifecycle involves scoping and selecting relevant use cases?

a) Design/Building the Model

c) Deployment

d) Model Life Cycle

6. What is the importance of model validation in AI project development?

a) It helps in writing efficient code

b) It ensures compatibility with various devices

c) It measures and evaluates model performance

d) It predicts future data trends

7. Which programming language is commonly used in AI development?

8. What is the purpose of using gradient descent in machine learning?

a) To find the maximum value of a function

b) To minimize the loss function

c) To calculate root mean squared error

d) To visualize data relationships

9. Which loss function is used for classification tasks?

a) Mean Squared Error (MSE)

b) Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)

c) Cross-Entropy Loss

d) Mean Absolute Error (MAE)

10. What is the main goal of the "Deployment in Production" phase in the AI project lifecycle?

a) To acquire large datasets

b) To build machine learning algorithms

c) To launch the AI model into a live environment

d) To create a narrative for the AI project

11. Which of the following is NOT one of the phases of the AI project lifecycle?

b) Design/Building the Model

c) Validation

d) Finding the Maximum Value

12. Why is model validation important in AI project development?

a) It ensures that the model uses the least amount of memory

b) It measures the number of code lines in the model

c) It evaluates the performance of the model on new data

d) It determines the training time of the model

13. What does "RMSE" stand for in the context of evaluating model accuracy?

a) Root Mean Squared Error

b) Regularized Model Sensitivity Evaluation

c) Robust Mean Squared Error

d) Relative Mean Standard Error

Short-answered Questions

Question: What is a capstone project in the context of AI education?

  Answer: A capstone project in AI education refers to a culminating project that integrates the knowledge and skills students have gained throughout the course. It often involves tackling real-world challenges using AI techniques and technologies.

Question: How does a capstone project differ from regular coursework?

  Answer: A capstone project differs from regular coursework as it requires students to apply their learning to a practical problem, often spanning multiple disciplines. It's a comprehensive endeavor that showcases the students' ability to solve complex problems.

Question: What are the typical stages of developing a capstone project? 

Answer: Developing a capstone project involves stages such as problem identification, project planning, data collection, model development, validation, interpretation of results, and finally, presenting findings.

Question: How can students choose an appropriate problem for their capstone project? 

Answer: Students can choose a problem for their capstone project by identifying a real-world challenge that aligns with their interests, AI skills, and the availability of relevant data.

Question: What role does project planning play in a capstone project? 

Answer: Project planning outlines the scope, objectives, resources, and timeline for the capstone project. It ensures that the project progresses smoothly and meets its goals.

Question: Why is proper data collection essential for the success of a capstone project? 

Answer: Proper data collection ensures that the project has access to relevant and high-quality data, which is crucial for training and evaluating AI models accurately.

Question: What is the significance of model development in a capstone project? 

Answer: Model development involves designing, training, and fine-tuning AI models to address the project's problem. The quality of the model directly impacts the project's outcomes.

Question: How does model validation contribute to the credibility of a capstone project? 

Answer: Model validation involves testing the AI model's performance on independent data to ensure its reliability. It demonstrates that the model's performance is consistent and generalizable.

1. Question: What are performance metrics in machine learning, and why are they important? 

Answer: Performance metrics are measures used to evaluate how well a machine learning model is performing. They are important because they provide quantifiable insights into a model's accuracy, reliability, and effectiveness in making predictions.

2. Question: Explain the concept of a loss function in machine learning. 

Answer: A loss function is a measure of how well a model's predictions align with the actual outcomes. It quantifies the error between predicted and actual values and guides the model to minimize this error during training.

3. Question: What is gradient descent, and how does it relate to minimizing loss functions? 

Answer: Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm used to minimize loss functions. It involves iteratively adjusting model parameters in the direction of the steepest descent of the loss function. This process continues until the algorithm converges to the minimum point.

4. Question: Differentiate between classification and regression loss functions. 

Answer: Classification loss functions are used when predicting labels or categories, while regression loss functions are used when predicting numerical quantities.

5. Question: Explain the concept of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) in regression. 

Answer: RMSE is a commonly used metric to measure the accuracy of regression models. It calculates the square root of the mean of the squared differences between predicted and actual values.

6. Question: How is RMSE calculated for a set of values? 

Answer: For a set of values, RMSE is calculated by finding the mean of the squared differences between the predicted and actual values, taking the square root of that mean.

7. Question: Provide an example of using RMSE to evaluate a linear regression model. 

Answer: In a linear regression model predicting brain weight, RMSE can be used to measure the accuracy of predictions by comparing the predicted values to the actual brain weights.

8. Question: What is the significance of the RMSE value in model evaluation? 

Answer: The RMSE value indicates how closely the predicted values match the actual values. A lower RMSE indicates a more accurate model, while a higher RMSE suggests greater prediction error.

9. Question: How does Mean Squared Error (MSE) differ from RMSE? 

Answer: MSE is the average of the squared differences between predicted and actual values, while RMSE is the square root of MSE. RMSE is more interpretable since it's in the same units as the original data.

10. Question: Why is Mean Squared Error sensitive to outliers?

  Answer: MSE squares the differences between predicted and actual values, magnifying the impact of outliers. This sensitivity makes MSE suitable for cases where outliers need to be heavily penalized.

Case-Based Questions

1. Question:  Imagine you are working on a capstone project to develop a recommendation system for an e-commerce platform. How can machine learning techniques help in suggesting personalized products to users?

Answer: Machine learning can analyze user behavior, purchase history, and preferences to generate personalized recommendations, enhancing user experience and driving sales.

2. Question: In a healthcare context, describe how AI could be applied to predict disease outbreaks based on historical data.

Answer: AI can analyze historical health data and environmental factors to identify patterns and potential outbreaks, enabling early intervention and resource allocation.

3. Question: In a smart city project, how could data storytelling be used to engage citizens in understanding the benefits of AI-driven traffic management systems?

Answer: Data storytelling can visually present before-and-after scenarios, showcasing reduced traffic congestion, improved commute times, and lower carbon emissions due to AI-driven traffic management.

4. Question: Explain how the AI project life cycle could be applied to develop a chatbot for customer support in an e-commerce platform.

Answer: The AI project life cycle involves scoping the chatbot's objectives, designing its conversational flow, building the model using historical customer interactions, validating its accuracy, and deploying it to provide instant customer assistance.

5. Question: In the education sector, how can the model life cycle guide the development of an AI-based virtual tutor to assist students in various subjects?

Answer: The model life cycle involves collecting student interaction data, training the virtual tutor on this data, testing its responses for accuracy, and deploying it as an interactive learning tool across subjects.

6. Question: Describe a scenario in which AI and data storytelling collaborate to analyze public health data to predict the spread of contagious diseases.

Answer: AI can analyze data on disease cases, population density, travel patterns, and more to predict disease spread. Data storytelling can then visualize these predictions, aiding public health officials and the general public in understanding potential risks.

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Class 12 Artificial Intelligence Code 843 Question Paper 2023 Solution with pdf

Class 12 cbse board question paper 2023 artificial intelligence code 843 – solution.

CBSE | DEPARTMENT OF SKILL EDUCATION ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (SUBJECT CODE -843) CBSE Board Question Paper with Solution for Class XII (Session 2022-2023)

Max. Time: 2 Hours Max. Marks: 50

General Instructions:

• Please read the instructions carefully.
• This Question Paper consists of 21 questions in two sections: Section A & Section B.
• Section A has Objective type questions whereas Section B contains Subjective type questions.
• Out of the given (5 + 16 =) 21 questions, a candidate has to answer (5 + 10 =) 15 questions in the allotted (maximum) time of 2 hours.
• All questions of a particular section must be attempted in the correct order.
• SECTION A – OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (24 MARKS): i. This section has 05 questions. ii. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part. iii. There is no negative marking. iv. Do as per the instructions given.
• SECTION B – SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (26 MARKS): i. This section has 16 questions. ii. A candidate has to do 10 questions. iii. Do as per the instructions given. iv. Marks allotted are mentioned against each question/part.

Section – A

(objective type questions), que 1.  answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.         5 x 1 = 5.

(I) Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by which of the following conditions:    [1]

i. People have an inflated sense of their own importance.

ii. A deep need for excessive attention.

iii. Admiration and lack of empathy.

iv. Introvert

(a)  Only i        (b) Both i and ii           (c) i, ii and iii               (d) i, ii, iii and iv

Answer: (c) i, ii and iii.

(II) ‘S’ in the acronym SMART in Goal setting stands for:                                           [1]

(a) Strong                    (b) Segment                (c) Specific                  (d) Special

Answer: (c) Specific

(III) ______ is an economic process, where an idea is generated or an opportunity is created, refined, developed and implemented, while being exposed to uncertainty, to realise a profit by effective utilization of resources.        [1]

(a) Entrepreneurs                    (b) Entrepreneurship development    

(c) Entrepreneurship               (d) Cluster intervention

Answer: (c) Entrepreneurship

(IV) In a spreadsheet software, an arrangement of cells in a vertical manner is known as:    [1]

(a) Wroksheets            (b) Workbooks            (c) Rows         (d) Columns

Answer: (d) Column

(V) Which of the following is not an example of spreadsheet?               [1]

(a) Microsoft Excel     (b) LibreOffice Calc   (c) OpenOffice Impress          (d) Google Sheets

Answer: (c) OpenOffice Impress

(VI) Which entrepreneur, out of the following, is essentially a manufacturer, who identifies the needs of customers and creates products or services to serve them?                                           [1]

(a) Service entrepreneur                      (b) Industrial entrepreneur     

(c) Agricultural entrepreneur              (d) Technical entrepreneur

Answer: (b) Industrial entrepreneur

Que 2. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.      5 x 1 = 5

(I) A training set is a set of  _________ data in which the outcomes are already known.         [1]

(a) current                   (b) instant                    (c) historical                (d) output

Answer: (c) historical

(II) _______ involves a combination of three key elements, that help to explain the audience what’s happening in the data in an engaging and entertaining manner.                                                            [1]

(a) Data Analysis        (b) Data Visualization             (c) Data Storytelling   (d) Data Narrative

Answer: (c) Data Storytelling

(III) Match the following step of AI project given in column ‘A’ with its exact sequence given in column ‘B’.      [1]    

Answer:  (c)   B         C         A         E         D

(IV) In AI development which of the following framework is used? [1]

(a)  Ptyhon      (b) TensorFlow           (c) Visual Basic          (d) C++

Answer: (b) TensorFlow

(V) All the algorithm in machine learning rely on minimizing or maximizing a function, called as _________. [1]

(a) Objective Function            (b) Focal Loss             (c) Loss function         (d) Gradient Descent

Answer: (a) Objective Function

(VI) Which of the following is incorrect?                               [1]

(a) The testing phase is essentially an iterative process.

(b) The first fundamental step when starting an AI initiative is scooping,

(c) In scoping phase, its, crucial to precisely define the strategic business objectives and desires outcomes of the project.

(d) Test data should include all relevant subsets of training data.

Answer: (a) The testing phase is essentially an iterative process.

Que 3. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.           5 x 1 = 5

(I) When visuals are applied to data, they can _______ the audience to the insights that they wouldn’t perceive without the charts or graphs.               [1]

(a) engage                   (b) explain                   (c) enlighten                (d) change

Answer: (c) enlighten

(II) It is believed that there is a ______ in the data, then AI development techniques may be employed.   [1]

(a) pattern                   (b) program                 (c) language                (d) logic

Answer: (a) pattern

(III) Assertion (A): It’s crucial to precisely define the strategic business objectives and desired outcomes of the project, select align all the different stakeholders’ expectations, anticipate the key resources and steps, and define the success metrics.

Reason (R) : Selecting the AI or machine learning use cases and being able to evaluate the return on investment (ROI) is critical to the success of any data project.             [1]

(a) Both (A) and ® are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(b) Both (A) and ® are true and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

(c) (A) is true, but (R) is false.

(d) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

Answer: (a) Both (A) and ® are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

(IV) Which of the following shows the audience where to look and what not to miss and also keeps the audience engaged?                                                                                                                [1]

(a) data                        (b) narrative                (c) charts                     (d) story

Answer: (b) narrative

(V) Once the relevant projects have been selected and properly scoped, which of the following phase will be the next step of the machine learning lifecycle?                                                    [1]

(a) Problem Scoping               (b) Deployment                       (c) Design                   (d) Testing

Answer: (c) Design

(VI) Which of the following is the first step of an AI Model Life Cycle?        [1]

(a) Build                      (b) Scoping                 (c) Design                   (d) Testing

Answer: (b) Scoping / Requirement analysis

Que 4. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.             5 x 1 = 5

(I) Which of the following is the most preferred language for building an AI model?              [1]

(a) Python                   (b) VB                         (c) Java                        (d) C++

Answer: (a) Python

(II) Study the following graph:

What does the line in the above figure represent?

(a) Actual values         (b) Set of predicted values  (c) It represents the error  (d) Values at Y axis

Answer: (b) Set of predicted values

(III) First four steps of wiring Python code to find out RMSE values of the model are given here. Arrange them in proper order –       [1]

1. Splitting the data into training and test

2. Reading the data

3. Fitting simple linear regression to the training set.

4. Import required libraries.

(a) 2 – 4 -1 -3             (b) 4 – 3 – 2 – 1          (c) 1 – 2 – 3 – 4           (d) 4 – 2 – 1 – 3

Answer: (d) 4 – 2 – 1 – 3

(IV)  Which of the following is NOT True for Testing?          [1]

(a) The volume of test data should be very small.

(b) Data validation is important.

(c) Your testing team should test the AI and ML algorithms keeping model validation.

(d) Your team must create test suites that help you validate your ML models.

Answer: (a) The volume of test data should be very small.

(V) Data storytelling is a ______ approach for communicating insights drawn from data.     [1]

(a) iterative                  (b) procedural             (c) sequential              (d) structured

Answer: (d) structured

(VI) Which of the following is NOT true for Train-Test Split Evaluation?                 [1]

(a) The procedure involved taking a dataset and dividing it into two subsets.

(b) The train-test procedure is appropriate when there is a larger dataset.

(c) The objective is to estimate the performance of the user.

(d) It can be used for classification or regression problem.

Answer: (c) The objective is to estimate the performance of the user.

Que 5. Answer any 5 out of the given 6 questions.            5 x 1 = 5

(I)  Stories create _______ experience that transport the audience to another space and time. [1]

(a) visualizations         (b) engaging                (c) testing                    (d) necessary

Answer: (b) engaging

(II) Which of the following is incorrect?                                        [1]                                

i. A capstone project is a project where students must research a topic independently to find a deep understanding of the subject matter.

ii. The initial part of the project of academic program is knows as capstone project.

iii. The final project of academic program, integrating all of the learning from the program is called capstone project.

(a)  i and iii only                     (b) ii and iii only                     (c) ii only                    (d) i, ii and iii

Answer: (c) ii only

(III)  Which of the following is an example of a development tool used in building an AI model? [1]

(a)  C++                      (b) Anaconda              (c) Linux                     (d) Scratch

Answer: (b) Anaconda

(IV) Identify the correct statements from the following:            [1]

i. Data modeling focuses on developing modes that are either descriptive or predictive.

ii. A predictive model tries to yield yes/no or stop/go type outcomes.

iii. The data scientist will use a training set for descriptive modelling.

iv. Data modelling focuses on testing the project.

            (a) i, ii, and iii              (b) ii, iii and iv            (c) i  and ii                   (d)  i and iv

Answer: (c) i and ii

(V) ________ is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. [1]

(a) Classification                     (b) Design Thinking               

(c) Recommendation              (d) Computational

Answer: (b) Design Thinking

(VI) Which of the following is a key element of a data story?       [1]

(a) audience                (b) visuals                    (c) engage                   (d) information

Answer: (b) visuals

Section – B

(subjective type questions), answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions on employability skills. answer each question in 20-30 words.      3 x 2 = 6.

Que 6. With reference to ‘Five Factor Model’, mention any four parameters that describe an individual’s personality.  [2]                   

Answer: There are five parameters that describe an individual’s personality. These five dimensions are also called the ‘Big Five Factors’ and the model is referred to as the ‘Five Factor Model’, which is abbreviated as FFM. Parameters are –

(a) Openness

(b) Consciousness

(c) Extraversion

(d) Agreeableness

(e) Neuroticism

Que 7. Define any two of the following personality disorders: [2]

(a) Avoidant               (b) Dependent            (c) Histrionic

Answer: 

(a) Avoidant personality disorder : People with this type of disorder are socially inept, unappealing or inferior, and constantly fear being embarrassed, criticised or rejected. They avoid meeting others and often experience feelings of inadequacy, inferiority or unattractiveness.

(b) Dependent personality disorder : People with such a disorder are characterized by lack of self-confidence and an extra need to be looked after. They need a lot of help in making everyday decisions and surrender important life decisions to the care of others. They are heavily dependent on other people for their emotional and physical needs, and thus, usually, avoid being alone.

(c) Histrionic personality disorder : People with histrionic personality disorder frequently try to gain more attention by being overly dramatic. They are extremely sensitive to criticism or disapproval and can be easily influenced by others.

Que 8. Differentiate between a row and a cell of a spreadsheet.    [2]

Answer: A row is an arrangement of cells in a horizontal (sleeping) manner.

A cell is a rectangle-shaped box, where the row and column meet. In cell we can enter text, numbers, date, formula, etc.,. The cell that is selected appears highlighted.

Que 9. Write any four qualities that motivate an entrepreneur.   [2]

Answer: Following are some of the qualities that motivate an entrepreneur.

(a) Standard of excellence: An entrepreneur constantly sets high standards and strives to attain the standard of excellence by working hard and showing innovativeness.

(b) Uniqueness: For an entrepreneur, one of the most important qualities is to remain unique in everything the person does and the way it is done.

(c) Focus on long-term goals: Long-term goals are those that are distant in terms of time period. An entrepreneur focusses more on what is to be achieved in the distant future rather than in near future. The person will plan and work patiently to achieve long-term goals.

(d) Need to influence: The entrepreneur perceives one’s ideas as revolutionary and expects them to influence the world in a substantial way. For most entrepreneurs, their ideas have impacted the world and some have completely changed the look of the world.

Que 10. Briefly define the term competency. Mention any two Common Entrepreneurial Competencies.        [2]

Answer: Competency is the ability to do something well.

Common Entrepreneurial Competencies are

• Decisiveness: Decisiveness is the ability to make profitable and quick decisions
• Initiative: Initiative is the ability to take charge and act in a situation before others.
• Interpersonal skills: Interpersonal means dealing with relationships. It is between two or more persons. Interpersonal skills, thus, mean the competencies required to work with other people.
• Perseverance: Perseverance is the ability to continue to do something, even when it is difficult.

Answer any 4 out of the given 6 questions in 20-30 words each.     4 x  2 = 8

Que 11. Mention the names of any four stages of Design Thinking.             [2]

Answer: The five stages of Design Thinking are as follows: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, and Test.

Que 12. Explain the term Time series decomposition.      [2]

Answer: Time series decomposition involves thinking of a series as a combination of level, trend, seasonality, and noise components.

Decomposition provides a useful abstract model for thinking about time series generally and for better understanding problems during time series analysis and forecasting.

Que 13. Give two points of difference between Cross-Validation and Train-Test Split.           [2]

Que 14. Selecting the right analytical approach depends on the questions being asked.          [2]

In the light of the above given statement, which type of questions can be asked for

(A) Classification approach                (B) Descriptive approach.

(A) Classification Approach – Questions being asked, which require a yes/no answer.

(B) Descriptive Approach –   Question being asked which shows the relationship.

Que 15. Name the main stages of AI Project Life Cycle.                                     [2]

Answer: AI project lifecycle encompasses three main stages:

• project scoping,
• design or build phase, and
• deployment in production.

Que 16. Give two reasons why storytelling is so powerful.                 [2]

Answer: Reason which makes storytelling is so powerful are :-

• Stories create engaging experiences that transport the audience to another space and time.
• They establish a sense of community belongingness and identity.
• Storytelling shapes, empowers and connects people by doing away with judgement or critic and facilitates openness for embracing differences.
• Storytelling make information more compelling, the ability to present a window in order to take a peek at the past, and finally to draw lessons and to reimagine the future by affecting necessary changes.

Answer any 3 out of the given 5 questions in 50-80 words each.        3 x 4 = 12

Que 17. Give steps to break down a problem into smaller units before coding.                        [4]

Answer: Real computational tasks are complicated. To accomplish them you need to break down the problem into smaller units before coding.

Problem decomposition steps

1. Understand the problem and then restate the problem in your own words

• Know what the desired inputs and outputs are.
• Ask questions for clarification (in class these questions might be to your instructor, but most of the time they will be asking either yourself or your collaborators)

2. Break the problem down into a few large pieces. Write these down, either on paper or as comments in a file.

3. Break complicated pieces down into smaller pieces. Keep doing this until all of the pieces are small.

4. Code one small piece at a time.

• Think about how to implement it
• Write the code/query
• Test it… on its own.
• Fix problems, if any

Que 18. The following is the diagram depicting for Foundational methodology for data science. [4]

The diagram is marked with A, B, C, D. Identify these four steps and briefly explain the significance of steps marks as ‘A’ and ‘B’.

Answer: Four steps are

            A – Business understanding  

            B – Data collection

            C – Modelling

            D – Deployment

Business Understanding: – Every project, regardless of its size, starts with business understanding, which lays the foundation for the successful resolution of the business problem. The business sponsors needing the analytic solution plays a critical role in this stage by defining the problem, project objectives and solution requirements from a business perspective. And, believe it or not—even with nine stages still to go—this first stage is the hardest.

Data Collection: In Data collection phase, data ingredients are collected.

Que 19. Explain AI project cycle and project scoping in detail.           [4]

Answer: Every AI project lifecycle encompasses three main stages: project scoping, design or build phase, and deployment in production.

AI Project lifecycle starting from project scoping and data prep, and going through all the stages of model building, deployment, management, analytics, to full-blown Enterprise AI.

Project Scoping: The first fundamental step when starting an AI initiative is scoping and selecting the relevant use case(s) that the AI model will be built to address. This stage involves the planning and motivational aspects of your project. 

In this phase, it’s crucial to precisely define the strategic business objectives and desired outcomes of the project, select align all the different stakeholders’ expectations, anticipate the key resources and steps, and define the success metrics. Selecting the AI or machine learning use cases and being able to evaluate the return on investment (ROI) is critical to the success of any data project.

Que 20. (a) Mention the steps that can assist in finding compelling stories in the data sets.     [2+2 = 4]

Answer: Some easy steps that can assist in finding compelling stories in the data sets are as follows:

• Step 1: Get the data and organize it.
• Step 2: Visualize the data.
• Step 3: Examine data relationships.
• Step 4: Create a simple narrative embedded with conflict.

Que 20. (b) Which of the following (Option – A or Option – B) is a better data story? Give reason.

Answer:  Option – B is a better data story.

Reason:  

• Stories that incorporate data and analytics are more convincing than those based entirely on anecdotes or personal experience.

Que 21. Briefly explain the purpose of Data story telling. Also discuss the significance of each of the key elements in the process of Data story telling.                          [4]

Answer: Data storytelling is a structured approach for communicating insights drawn from data, and invariably involves a combination of three key elements: data , visuals , and narrative .

Data storytelling is an effective tool to transmit human experience. Narrative is the way we simplify and make sense of a complex world. It supplies context, insight, interpretation—all the things that make data meaningful, more relevant and interesting.

Significance of Key

• When the narrative is accompanied with data, it helps to explain the audience what’s happening in the data and why a particular insight has been generated.
• When visuals are applied to data, they can enlighten the audience to the insights that they wouldn’t perceive without the charts or graphs.
• Finally, when narrative and visuals are merged together, they can engage or even entertain an audience. When you combine the right visuals and narrative with the right data, you have a data story that can influence and drive change .

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Grade – 12 – Computer Science – Capstone Project: Innovative Tech Solutions – Subjective Questions

Subjective Questions

Capstone Project: Innovative Tech Solutions

Chapter 1: The Importance of the Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project

Introduction: In the world of computer science, the Grade 12 capstone project holds a special place. It is the culmination of years of learning and serves as a platform for students to showcase their skills and creativity. This chapter will delve into the importance of the Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project and highlight the innovative tech solutions that can be developed through this project.

Section 1: Understanding the Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project 1. What is the Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project? – Definition and purpose of the capstone project – Importance of the project in the overall curriculum – Requirements and expectations for the project

2. Why is the Grade 12 Capstone Project Important? – Provides an opportunity for students to apply their knowledge and skills – Encourages critical thinking and problem-solving abilities – Enhances teamwork and collaboration skills – Prepares students for real-world challenges in the field of computer science

Section 2: Innovative Tech Solutions in the Grade 12 Capstone Project 3. What are Innovative Tech Solutions? – Definition and characteristics of innovative tech solutions – Examples of innovative tech solutions in various industries

4. How can Innovative Tech Solutions be developed in the Capstone Project? – Identifying real-world problems and challenges – Conducting thorough research and analysis – Applying creativity and technical skills to develop solutions – Testing and refining the solutions to ensure effectiveness

Section 3: Examples of Simple, Medium, and Complex Capstone Projects 5. Simple Capstone Project Example: Developing a Basic Inventory Management System – Identifying the need for an inventory management system – Designing and implementing a simple system using programming languages like Python or Java – Testing and evaluating the system\’s functionality

6. Medium Capstone Project Example: Creating a Mobile Application for Time Management – Recognizing the need for a mobile app to assist with time management – Designing the user interface and features of the app – Developing the app using mobile app development frameworks like React Native or Flutter – Conducting user testing and gathering feedback for improvements

7. Complex Capstone Project Example: Building an Artificial Intelligence-based Recommendation System – Understanding the importance of personalized recommendations in various industries – Implementing machine learning algorithms to analyze user preferences and behavior – Developing a recommendation system that provides accurate and relevant suggestions – Evaluating the performance of the system through metrics like precision and recall

Section 4: Top Subjective Questions and Detailed Reference Answers/Solutions 8. Explain the steps involved in the Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project. – Detailed explanation of the project planning, development, and evaluation stages

9. How does the Capstone Project prepare students for future careers in computer science? – Discussion on the skills and knowledge gained through the project that are valuable in the industry

10. What are the criteria for evaluating the success of a Capstone Project? – Explanation of the factors considered when assessing the project\’s success, such as functionality, usability, and innovation

11. How can students ensure the ethical use of technology in their Capstone Projects? – Discussion on the importance of ethical considerations and guidelines in the development of tech solutions

12. What are the potential challenges students may face during the Capstone Project? – Identification of common challenges and suggestions for overcoming them

13. How can students ensure effective collaboration in group Capstone Projects? – Tips for effective communication, task allocation, and conflict resolution within a team

14. How can students present their Capstone Projects effectively? – Guidance on creating compelling presentations and demonstrations to showcase the project\’s features and accomplishments

15. What are some real-world applications of the Capstone Project\’s tech solutions? – Examples of how the developed solutions can be implemented in various industries and sectors

Conclusion: The Grade 12 Computer Science Capstone Project is a significant milestone in a student\’s academic journey. It provides a platform for students to explore innovative tech solutions, enhance their skills, and prepare for future careers in computer science. Through this chapter, we have explored the importance of the project, examples of innovative tech solutions, and provided detailed answers to common subjective questions. It is a chapter that will inspire and guide students to excel in their Capstone Projects and make a meaningful impact in the field of computer science.

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10 of the Most Common Capstone Course Questions Answered

• Taking Courses

You already know what a Capstone course is.

You just have no idea what to do about it.

Many students get confused when it comes to the Capstone. Is it a research paper? Not exactly; it is much more than that. Although you are the researcher, the Capstone goes beyond the mere collection of information. Instead, you will demonstrate the skills learned in your undergraduate studies to solve a problem based upon certain assumptions related to your topic. That means you will conduct your own field research and collect primary source data to create a scholarly, academic project that supports an argumentative thesis statement or major question with new work and ideas.

In a nutshell: this is a course unlike any other you have taken.

Why? Because you will have a great deal of latitude over the direction and development of your project. Your mentor will serve as a facilitator, who will direct you toward your goal. At the end of the day, your project will allow you to follow your passion and create something that will add to the body of knowledge in your chosen field. All while exploring and applying your knowledge to something new.

Often, that amount of latitude can feel overwhelming. So, other than writing it for you, here are some common Capstone questions, answered:  

Question 1: When should I take the Capstone course?

Answer: If you have 9 credits or less remaining for graduation, have completed any research courses required in your area of study as well as your composition requirement. So if you still have 30 credits to complete, or haven’t finished the composition requirement, wait to register for the course.

Question 2: How do I know if I should take the Capstone as an online course (OL) or a Guided Study (GS)?

Answer: If you like interaction with classmates, you may prefer the online format. However, if you prefer to work independently, you may like Guided Study better. With the Guided Study format, you won’t be required to participate in online discussions. However, the online course format offers the benefit of peer feedback as well as an additional influence toward your final grade.  

Question 3: Can I take multiple courses during the same term I am registered to take the Capstone course?

Answer: Some students have found the pace of the Capstone course and an additional course to be manageable in the same term, while others have chosen to focus on the Capstone during any one particular term. To decide which course schedule is right for you, consider your personal and professional responsibilities. Will you have the extra time to commit to an additional workload? Can you manage two courses at once? Being honest with yourself about the answers will help guide your decision.

Question 4: I’ve already written a research paper in my area of study. How is the Capstone different?

Answer: This is anything but a typical research paper. Throughout your project, you will be an authentic researcher who explores and adds to the body of knowledge in your field of study. You are expected to present an ethically responsible, globally minded final project that will serve as a bridge to employment or future endeavors and prepare you for graduate-level study.

Question 5: Is there a lot of research involved in the Capstone or is it primarily writing?

Answer: Your Capstone project involves equal parts writing and research. For some degree programs, a Capstone may require a project and subsequent presentation; for others, it may include an assessment to test interdisciplinary skills. It may also involve a final research paper exploring a topic of interest, emerging from your individualized program of study. Your interests, academic field and area of study will influence the type of project you select and the direction you choose to go in.

Question 6: How do I accomplish my Capstone project?

Answer: You build your Capstone based on an inspiration for greater knowledge of certain subject matter, idea or concept. You research, collect, organize and produce an analysis of the information from both primary and secondary sources. The major part of this nonexperimental, qualitative study will involve field research through interaction with people who will be your study participants.

Question 7: How do I select a topic?

Answer: Select a topic you feel passionate about, something that has meaning to you either personally or professionally. You may also benefit from choosing one relevant to your work environment/field of experience. This will give you extra backup to be able to interpret and answer your research questions as well as use this project as part of your professional portfolio.

Question 8: What is involved in a Capstone project?

Answer: Your Capstone project consists of six modules including study assignments, discussion assignments and written activities. Study assignments consist primarily of readings in the course textbook(s) and in course documents and supplemental research. It also includes overarching major questions and subquestions to be answered. The major question should reflect the results of this entire endeavor and drive your subquestions, culminating in a strategic plan to answer your question or solve a problem.  

Question 9: Do I have to present my Capstone project?

Answer: This is not a requirement, although a PowerPoint presentation or a video presentation of your work to share with your mentor and classmates is appreciated.  

Question 10: What are some things I should keep in mind while developing my Capstone project?

Answer: Pay attention to the mechanics of your project, including grammar and punctuation as well as proper formatting, citations and author information consistent with academic, scholarly writing. Make sure your research does not stand alone, and that you have analyzed and explained how the research best supports your thesis argument and key points. Any error in either the organization or writing of your project detracts from the professionalism of your work.

Editor's Note: This article was originally published in August 2016 and has been updated for accuracy.

Written by Thomas Edison State University

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Communication Skills Class 12 Questions and Answers

Teachers and Examiners collaborated to create the Communication Skills Class 12 Questions and Answers . The team has gathered all of the important Questions and Answers from Employability Skills Textbook. All of the QA have been organized topic wise.

English Communication Skills Class 12th

Session 1: active listening.

1. To effective communication, What skills are required?

Answer – To learn language you need to develop four key skills – a. Listening b. Speaking c. Reading d. Writing

2. What are various elements of a communication cycle?

Answer – The various elements of a communication cycle are –

a. Sender: the person beginning the communication. b. Message: the information that the sender wants to convey. c. Channel: the means by which the information is sent. d. Receiver: the person to whom the message is sent. e. Feedback: the receiver’s acknowledgement and response to the message.

3. Why is Listening Important?

Answer – Listening is important because – a. We listen to obtain information b. We listen to understand c. We listen to enjoy d. We listen to learn e. We listen to build and maintain relationships f. We listen to resolve conflicts

4. What are the different factors that affect active listening?

Answer – The various factors that affect active listening are as follows –

a. Eye contact – It is a form of body language. It’s one of the most important components of the entire communication process. Maintaining eye contact with the person you’re speaking to sends a signal to the speaker that “Yes, I am talking to you or listening to you”. Avoiding eye contact could indicate that you don’t want to hear what the other person has to say.

b. Gestures – These indicate to the speaker if you are listening or not. Keep your hand and feet still while talking to someone. Avoiding Distractions – You need to identify the things that distract you. You must physically remove the distractions in order to listen attentively.

c. Giving feedback – Positive or negative feedback is possible. However, in both circumstances, one must be polite so that the person to whom the feedback is being given is not hurt or offended.

5. What are the different stages of active listening?

Answer – The five stages of active listening are as follows – a. Receiving b. Understanding c. Remembering d. Evaluating e. Responding

6. How to ensure active listening?

Answer – To ensure active listening are – a. Remove any distractions that may interfere with your ability to listen. For example, When talking to someone, turn down the volume of the television, radio, or mobile phone.

b. Looking at the speaker while listening is referred to as eye contact.

c. Use gestures to show that you’re paying attention to the speaker.

d. Pay close attention to what the speaker is saying.

e. Feel the speaker’s feelings and empathize with them. Empathy is the ability to understand and share another person’s thoughts or experiences by thinking what it would be like to be in their position.

f. Clarify doubts. Ask questions to clarify doubts.

g. Tune in to the speaker’s timing, i.e., wait for the speaker to finish before responding.

7. What are the overcoming barriers to active listening?

Answer – The overcoming barriers to active listening are – a. Being pre – occupied -When you’re preoccupied, you could not pay attention to what someone is saying.

b. Noise and Visual distractions – In a noisy location, you might not be able to hear the other person clearly.

c. Past experiences or mindset – You may have developed biases or prejudices based on past experiences and interactions.

d. Personal factors – Your personal feelings may affect your listening, for example, your preconceptions about the other person.

Session 2: Parts of Speech

8. What are the Capitalization rules in the English Language?

Answer – Capitalization rules of English Language are –

a. Capitalize the first letter in the names of all months.

b. Capitalize the letter ‘I’ when used as a word.

c. Capitalize the first letter in the names of people, places, rivers, seas and oceans, mountains, islands and days.

d. Capitalize the first letter in the titles used before people’s names.

e. Capitalize the first letter in every sentence.

9. What are the basic parts of speech in the English Language?

Answer – There are eight basic parts of speech in the English language. These are none, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction and interjection.

a. Noun – Nouns is the name of a person, place, animal or thing. This is also called ‘naming words. b. Pronoun – A pronoun is used in place of a noun. c. Adjectives – Adjectives are words that describe other words. d. Verbs – Verbs are words that show action. e. Adverbs – Adverbs are words that add meaning to verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. f. Preposition – A preposition is a word palace before a noun or pronoun. g. Conjunction – A conjunction is a word that connects two words, phrases, or clauses. h. Interjection – A word used to communicate emotion is called an interjection.

10. What do you mean by supporting parts of Speech?

Answer – We are using many words, phrases, clauses or sentences to connect words, these words are known as supporting parts of speech. Supporting parts of speech examples are – a. Articles b. Conjunctions c. Prepositions d. Interjections

Session 3: Writing Sentence

11. What do you mean by Simple sentence?

Answer – A simple sentence is one in which there is only one subject and one predicate, or one finite verb.

12. What do you mean by Complex sentences?

Answer – A complex sentence is one, which consists of two or more coordinate clauses, joined by a coordinating conjunction.

13. How many types of objects are there in the English language?

Answer – Object normally comes after the verb phrase. The presence or absence of an object is determined by the verb’s meaning. There are two types of objects in English language

a. Direct – Direct objects are the results of action, A direct object answers the questions ‘what’ or ‘whom’. Ramesh collected honey all day. hear honey becomes the direct object.

b. Indirect – An indirect object answers the questions ‘to whom’, ‘for whom’, ‘to what’ and ‘for what’. for example, in the sentence “Imran gave a gift to his mother.” The verb is “gave” and in the sentence there are two objects “gift” and “mother”.

14. What is the difference between Active and Passive voice?

Answer – a. Active Voice – Sentences, where the subject does an action, are known to be in active voice.

b. Passive Voice – Sentences, in which the subject receives an action, are known to be in passive voice.

15. In English grammar, what are the several type of sentences?

Answer – A sentence is a collection of words that expresses an idea. all the sentences have a none or pronoun called the subject. Sentences always start from capital letters and end with a period, question mark or exclamation. The word “sentence” is from the Latin word which means “to feel”. Type of Sentence

a. Declarative Sentence – Declarative sentences end with a full stop, It is the most common type of sentence. example – I completed my work.

b. Interrogative Sentence – Interrogative sentences end with question marks. This type of sentence asks a question. example – Did you complete your homework?

c. Exclamatory Sentence – Exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation mark. This sentence expresses a strong emotion. example – I come first in class!

d. Imperative Sentence – Imperative sentence can end with an exclamation mark or full stop. This sentence shows an order command, request, or advice. example – Complete your homework.

16. What are the Paragraphs?

Answer – A group of sentences forms a paragraph and paragraphs helps the reader to read the sections, because they break the text into different sections. .

If you’re writing about your school, the first paragraph could consist of sentences describing the name, location, size, and other information. You can use sentences to express what you like about your school in the next paragraph.

Employability Skills Class 12 Notes

Unit 1 : Communication Skills – IV Unit 2 : Self-Management Skills – IV Unit 3 : Information and Communication Technology Skills – IV Unit 4 : Entrepreneurial Skills – IV Unit 5 : Green Skills – IV

Employability Skills Class 12 MCQ

Employability skills class 12 questions and answers, reference textbook.

The above Communication Skills Class 12 Questions and Answers was created using the NCERT Book and Study Material accessible on the CBSE ACADEMIC as a reference.

CBSE | Department of Skill Education . (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2022, from https://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum21/SrSec/EMPLOYABILITY_SKILLS_XII.pdf

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Disclaimer – 100% of the questions are taken from the CBSE textbook Communication Skills Class 12 Questions and Answers, and our team has tried to collect all the correct QA from the textbook . If you found any suggestion or any error please contact us [email protected].

capstone project class 12 ai questions and answers

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3. Constructing a Guiding Question

Learning Objectives

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Describe the process and importance of guiding-question development for research-based capstone projects.
• Incorporate the FINER approach into guiding question development.
• Explain the role of the Fundamental Four in guiding question development.
• Describe and Apply the PICOT approach to developing a specific question for your capstone projects.

This chapter introduces you to strategies and frameworks that can be used to construct a sound question to guide your capstone experience.  The FINER approach to general question development is presented followed by the Fundamental Four approach.  Finally, the Problem, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time (PICOT) approach to specific capstone question development is illustrated.  The tactics for question development introduced in this chapter will provide you with an initial basis for mutual understanding, communication, and direction for a meaningful and purposeful capstone project.

Introduction

Good literature reviews begin with a clear, answerable question that addresses an important problem, identified need, or phenomenon of interest (Considine, Shaban, Fry & Curtis, 2017).  The challenge in developing an appropriate question is in determining which professional practice uncertainties could or should be studied and rationalizing the need for their investigation.

Planning and Preparing for the Development of a Guiding Question(s) for Capstone Projects

Once a capstone topic has been selected, it is critical for you to develop a question that will support an efficient literature review (Stage 2).  A preliminary scope of literature (Stage 1, Chapter Two) regarding a selected topic will help you construct a question that will inform the rest of the literature review for your capstone project. For a question to be effective and complement the design of a capstone project, its needs to be succinct.  Additionally, guiding questions will vary in relation to the purpose it serves.  For example, the purpose of one capstone project may be to describe the experiences of participants, another may explore their experiences, while yet another may aim to compare participants’ experiences.  While all of them pertain to the participants’ experience, what is being studied in regard to the experiences differs (Burke & Dempsey, 2022).  Clarity about a capstone project’s purpose can also help you develop a good guiding question (Refer to Figure 3-1:  Words That Can Be Used for Creating a Capstone Purpose).

Figure 3.1:     Words that Can Be Used for Creating a Capstone Purposes

Developing a General Question:  The FINER Criteria

Once you have an approved topic for your capstone project, it is important to take the time to develop a high-quality guiding question. The FINER criteria highlight useful points that should be considered in general question development (Farrugia, Petrisor, Farrokhyar & Bhandari, 2010). (Refer to Table 3.1:  The FINER Criteria).

Table 3.1:  The FINER Criteria

Sources: Farrugia, P., Petrisor, B. A., Farrokhyar, F., & Bhandari, M. (2010). Research questions,hypotheses and objectives.  Canadian journal of surgery ,  53 (4), 278; Patino, C. M., & Ferreira, J. C. (2016). Developing research questions that make a difference.  Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia ,  42 ,403-403.

Developing a Question:  The Fundamental Four

During the early stages of the capstone process, your guiding question may be broad in scope and subsequently difficult to answer.  Therefore, considerable care and time should be spent refining problem, need, or phenomenon of interest so the question facilitates a rigorous and robust search of the literature, using key terms and phrases.  Planning and preparing for the development of a guiding question for quality outcomes should address four fundamental questions (Considine, et al., 2017).  (Refer to Table 3.2:  The Fundamental Four for Informing Quality Research).

Table 3.2:  The Fundamental Four for Informing Quality Research

In the quest of designing a capstone project, it is crucial to invest time, energy, and resources into the construction of a guiding question before proceeding to the study design (Lopes, Hurtado-Puerto, Moreno, Fregni, Falcão & Amorim, 2016)

Transforming a General Question into a Specific Question:  The PICOT Approach

Evidence-based practice proposes that clinical problems that emerge from care practice, teaching, or research can be broken down and organized using the PICOT strategy.  PICOT represents an acronym for Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Time.  These components are essential elements of guiding question development in evidence-based practice and in the construction of a solid question (Santos, Pimenta & Nombre, 2007).  (Refer to Table 3.3:  Description of the PICOT Strategy).   T

The PICOT approach will help you generate a specific question that aids in constructing the framework of your capstone project.  The PICOT approach also aids in program protocol development by addressing the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the population involved in your study.  Furthermore, identifying a specific population of interest, an intervention, and outcomes of interest can also help you identify and/or develop an appropriate outcome measurement tool (Farrugia, et al., 2010).  It should be noted that not all PICOT questions will require a comparison.  The decision to compare two interventions will be based on the needs of your facility and the nature of your capstone project.  Additionally, not all questions will require a time period; however, it is important to keep this aspect of your capstone project in mind while performing an extensive literature review and developing your program or intervention.

Table 3.3:  Description of the PICOT Strategy

By following the PICOT format an idea can be developed into a useful clinical question, which is the foundation for developing a comprehensive capstone project.

You do not have to be an epidemiologist or clinical research methodologist to develop a good guiding question.  Most research questions for clinical practitioners start with an idea or observation that arises from daily practice, observation, or reading of published literature.  The concept of evidence-based practice incorporates the routine of developing good clinical questions as part of day-to-day clinical or service management.  Recognizing an area that requires additional study is the first step while developing the skills to clearly articulate a question that should be asked is the next step.  Although it can be challenging and time-intensive to develop a guiding question, the strategies and approaches for constructing a guiding question included in this chapter will help you to develop and refine this skill.  Once the skill of constructing clinical questions is acquired, evidence-based practice will become commonplace and the foundation on which to design a methodologically sound capstone project is established (Heddle, 2007).

Case Study:  Constructing a Guiding Questions

• Glynn completed Stage 1 of her literature review. During this literature review, Glynn became aware of a Health Literacy Universal Precautions Toolkit, which is an open-access resource provided to all health care professionals by the United States Department of Health and Human Services.
• Glynn’s initial literature review also enlightened them to the fact that there is a gap in the literature regarding health literacy universal precautions and occupational therapy clinical practice. Glynn has again met with their mentor and capstone instructors, who initially approved the topic of health literacy, to discuss health literacy universal precautions and occupational therapy clinical practice as a topic for their capstone project.  Glynn’s mentor and instructors have approved this.  Glynn will initiate their research-based capstone  project by developing a guiding question.
• After reviewing the FINER and Fundamental Form Approaches to general guiding question development, Glynn was ready to apply the PICOT framework to create a specific guiding question.
•  Does a ( I) health literacy universal precautions workshop for (P) occupational therapy practitioners (O) improve their working knowledge about health literacy, and increase their self-perceived ability to identify, assess and implement client-centered interventions that optimize outcomes for low-health literate patients?
• The PIO question above will be the focus of Glynn’s research-based capstone project. Glynn is ready to begin their comprehensive and thorough literature review to locate the most current research and information supporting their project.

Optimizing Your Capstone Experience: A Guidebook for Allied Health Professionals Copyright © 2023 by Virginia E. Koenig is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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