biodiversity essay in gujarati

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Gujarat – a wildlife wonderland with incredible biodiversity

Skirted by the arabian sea and the rann of kutch, gujarat is landscaped by a vast terrain of forests, mountains, rivers, and waterfalls, which makes it an ideal home for splendid wildlife as well as one of the most important hotspots of biodiversity in india..

The vast wildlife of Gujarat holds a variety of flora and fauna with over 2,758 species of animals, more than 498 species of birds, including endangered avifauna like Great Indian Bustard, Macqueen’s Bustard, Houbara Bustard, Lesser Florican, and Demoiselle Crane and a huge range of amphibians, reptiles, insects, fishes, and many more.

Gujarat is famous for being the last home of the majestic Asiatic Lion and the Asiatic Wild Ass. The state has 4 National Parks and 21 Wildlife Sanctuaries that include Gir Forest National Park, Marine National Park, Wild Ass Sanctuary, Nal Sarovar Birds Sanctuary, and other well-known sanctuaries and national reserves.

The famous Rann of Kutch, situated in the region of the Thar Desert is a salty marsh area perfect as a wildlife haven, particularly for the endangered population of Wild Asses.

Gir National Park

Image 4 1 Gujarat - a wildlife wonderland with incredible biodiversity

The king of the jungle resides in this dry deciduous forest region. Home to the rare species, the Asiatic Lion, the Gir National Park is the only abode of the Asiatic Lion in its natural habitat. As of June 2020, the estimated population of Asiatic Lions in Gir was 674. The other famous big cat of the Gir forest is the Leopard, a solitary animal difficult to spot and well known for its hunting skills.

Little Rann Wild Ass Sanctuary

Home to another precious ecosystem and holding the only remaining population of the Indian Wild Ass, The Wild Ass Sanctuary in the Rann of Kutch region in Gujarat has over 3,000 Indian Wild Asses in the Sanctuary. This quiet haven is home to 32 other types of mammals including Chinkara, Desert Fox, and much more.

The Velavadar Blackbuck National Park

One of the smallest National Parks in the country, covering an area of 34 square km, the Velavadar Blackbuck National Park is an amazing reserve for naturalists and wildlife enthusiasts. Velavadar is a grassland that is one of the finest places to see Blackbucks in their natural habitat.

The Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary

Ringed by lush forested hills, like Teak, Mahua, and Bamboo thickets the Jambughoda Wildlife Sanctuary in Panchmahal is a magnificent wildlife reserve, which is home to Wild Boar, Nilgai, Jackal, Hyena, Barking Deer, Sloth Bear, Chausingha and Leopard.

The Nalsarovar Bird Sanctuary

One of the largest wetland sanctuaries in the country with 120.82 square km of lake, flat plains, wetlands, and marshes, the Nalsarovar Birds Sanctuary is a brilliant bio reserve where you can spot Ducks, Geese, Eagles, Spoonbills, Cranes, Pelicans, and Flamingos. You can often see Wild Ass and Black Buck grazing in the Sanctuary.

The Shoolpaneshwar Sanctuary

Spread for over 608 sq km, this rich deciduous forest with tall trees, rippling streams, and breath-taking waterfalls is home to the shaggy sloth bear. The sanctuary holds over 575 species of flora and 230 species of fauna and is a must-visit in Narmada.

The Barda Wildlife Sanctuary

Considered a second home to the Asiatic Lion, the lush Barda Wildlife Sanctuary is a great attraction for nature lovers as they will be captivated by this splendid reserve that has over 650 plant species.

The Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary

Located at the foot of the ancient Aravalli hills, the Jessore Sloth Bear Sanctuary consists of mixed deciduous and desert thorn forests and is a natural home to the endangered Sloth Bear and many other rare species of flora and fauna.

Vansda National Park

Home to over 115 species of birds, the Vansda National Park is a green oasis of lush vegetation, tall trees, flowers, and a wide range of flora and fauna. Visitors can enjoy the birdlife paradise as they spot the Great Black Woodpecker, Emerald Dove, Grey Hornbill, Racket-Tailed Drongo, Paradise Flycatcher, and Leaf birds.

Marine National Park

Spread over 458 sq km, India’s first Marine Wildlife Sanctuary and first Marine National Park is a wonderland holding seven species of mangroves that provide nurseries and shelter to prawns, fishes, birds, and other marine life, including colourful sponges and corals. Visitors will be awe-struck looking at all the unimaginably rich marine life. Many colourful species of the marine world are spotted here during the low tide.

The Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary

This 2 sq km Bird Sanctuary is one of the smallest bird sanctuaries in India. The Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary is one of the two sanctuaries for the conservation of the Indian Bustard and serves as a perfect adobe for the birds as it feeds on the cereal crops that grow in this semi-desert region.

Gaga Wild Sanctuary

This bird lovers’ paradise is an ornithologist’s dream. This is a must-visit Sanctuary as it is home to over 88 bird species, like the Great Indian Bustard, Larks, Partridges, Sand Grouses, and Flamingos.

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Nature Essay

ગુજરાતીમાં પ્રકૃતિ નિબંધ ગુજરાતીમાં | Nature Essay In Gujarati - 2000 શબ્દોમાં

પ્રકૃતિ વિષયને સમજવા માટે તેના પર સરળ ભાષણો અને નિબંધો આપવામાં આવી રહ્યા છે. આ સાથે કેજીથી 10 સુધીના અમારા બાળકો અને વિદ્યાર્થીઓના શિક્ષણમાં નવી સર્જનાત્મકતાનો પ્રવેશ થશે. કુદરત આપણા જીવનનો એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ ભાગ છે જેના વિશે આપણે આપણા બાળકોને જણાવવું જોઈએ. તો ચાલો, નિબંધ લેખન અને ભાષણ પ્રવચનો દ્વારા આપણા બાળકોને પ્રકૃતિની નજીક લાવીએ.

ગુજરાતીમાં પ્રકૃતિ પર ટૂંકો અને લાંબો નિબંધ

નિબંધ 1 (250) શબ્દો.

પૃથ્વી પર જીવન જીવવા માટે ભગવાન તરફથી આપણને કુદરત એક અમૂલ્ય અને અમૂલ્ય ભેટ તરીકે મળી છે. રોજિંદા જીવન માટે ઉપલબ્ધ તમામ સંસાધનો સાથે કુદરત આપણું જીવન સરળ બનાવે છે. માતાની જેમ, આપણે ઉછેર કરવા, મદદ કરવા અને ધ્યાન આપવા માટે આપણા સ્વભાવનો આભાર માનવો જોઈએ.

જો આપણે સવારે બગીચામાં શાંતિથી બેસીએ તો આપણે કુદરતના મધુર અવાજ અને સુંદરતાનો આનંદ માણી શકીએ છીએ. આપણી પ્રકૃતિ ઘણી બધી કુદરતી સૌંદર્યથી શણગારેલી છે જેને આપણે ગમે ત્યારે માણી શકીએ છીએ. પૃથ્વીની ભૌગોલિક સુંદરતા છે અને તેને સ્વર્ગ અથવા શહેરોના બગીચા તરીકે પણ ઓળખવામાં આવે છે. પરંતુ એ અફસોસની વાત છે કે ઈશ્વરે મનુષ્યને આપેલી આ સુંદર ભેટ સતત વધતી જતી ટેકનોલોજીકલ પ્રગતિ અને માનવજાતની અજ્ઞાનતાને કારણે સતત બગડી રહી છે.

કુદરત આપણી વાસ્તવિક માતા જેવી છે જે આપણને ક્યારેય નુકસાન પહોંચાડતી નથી પરંતુ આપણું પાલનપોષણ કરે છે. વહેલી સવારે કુદરતની ગોદમાં ચાલવાથી આપણને સ્વસ્થ અને મજબૂત બનાવે છે, સાથે જ તે ડાયાબિટીસ, કાયમી હાર્ટ એટેક, હાઈ બ્લડ પ્રેશર, લીવરને લગતી સમસ્યાઓ, પાચન સંબંધી સમસ્યાઓ, ઈન્ફેક્શન, મગજ જેવી અનેક જીવલેણ બીમારીઓથી પણ દૂર રાખે છે. સમસ્યાઓ વગેરે છે.

આપણા સ્વાસ્થ્ય માટે એ સારું છે કે આપણે વહેલી સવારે પક્ષીઓનો મધુર અવાજ, હળવા પવનનો રણકાર, તાજી હવાનો કલરવ, વહેતી નદીનો અવાજ વગેરે સાંભળીએ. મોટાભાગના કવિઓ, લેખકો અને લોકો તેમના મન, શરીર અને આત્માને ફરીથી ઉત્સાહિત કરવા બગીચાઓમાં યોગ અને ધ્યાન કરતા જોઈ શકાય છે.

નિબંધ 2 (300) શબ્દો

કુદરત એ દરેક વ્યક્તિના જીવનનો એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ અને અવિભાજ્ય ભાગ છે. આપણે સૌ સુંદર પ્રકૃતિના રૂપમાં ભગવાનના સાચા પ્રેમથી ધન્ય છીએ. પ્રકૃતિના આનંદને ક્યારેય ગુમાવવો જોઈએ નહીં. કુદરત એ ઘણા પ્રખ્યાત કવિઓ, લેખકો, ચિત્રકારો અને કલાકારોના કામનો સૌથી પ્રિય વિષય છે. કુદરત એ ભગવાન દ્વારા બનાવેલ સૌથી અદ્ભુત કલાકૃતિ છે, જે તેણે મૂલ્યવાન ભેટ તરીકે આપી છે. પ્રકૃતિ એ દરેક વસ્તુ છે જે આપણી આસપાસ છે જેમ કે પાણી, હવા, જમીન, વૃક્ષો, જંગલો, પર્વતો, નદીઓ, સૂર્ય, ચંદ્ર, આકાશ, સમુદ્ર વગેરે. કુદરત અસંખ્ય રંગોથી ભરેલી છે જેમાં સજીવ અને નિર્જીવ તમામને પોતાના ખોળામાં સમાવી લીધા છે.

કુદરતે તેની શક્તિ અને વિશિષ્ટતા ભગવાન દ્વારા બધાને ઉપલબ્ધ કરાવી છે. તેના ઘણા સ્વરૂપો છે જે ઋતુ દર ઋતુમાં અને મિનિટે મિનિટે પણ બદલાતા રહે છે, જેમ કે સવારે સમુદ્ર તેજસ્વી વાદળી દેખાય છે પરંતુ બપોરે લીલો દેખાય છે. આકાશ દિવસભર તેનો રંગ બદલે છે, સૂર્યોદય સમયે આછો ગુલાબી, દિવસ દરમિયાન ચમકતો વાદળી, સૂર્યાસ્ત સમયે તેજસ્વી નારંગી અને રાત્રે જાંબલી. આપણો સ્વભાવ પણ કુદરત પ્રમાણે બદલાય છે જેમ કે સૂર્ય ચમકવાનો ખુશ અને આશાવાદી સમય, વરસાદનો સમય અને વસંતનો સમય. આપણે ચાંદનીમાં દિલથી ખુશ છીએ, તડકામાં કંટાળો અને થાક અનુભવીએ છીએ.

કુદરતમાં કેટલીક પરિવર્તનશીલ શક્તિઓ છે જે તે મુજબ આપણા સ્વભાવને બદલે છે. જો જરૂરી હોય અને તેને અનુકૂળ વાતાવરણ પૂરું પાડવામાં આવે તો દર્દીને તેની બીમારીમાંથી બહાર લાવવાની શક્તિ કુદરતમાં છે. આપણા સ્વસ્થ જીવન માટે પ્રકૃતિ ખૂબ જ મહત્વપૂર્ણ છે. એટલા માટે આપણે તેને આપણા માટે અને આવનારી પેઢી માટે સાચવીને રાખવું જોઈએ. આપણે વૃક્ષો અને જંગલો ન કાપવા જોઈએ, આપણે આપણા ખોટા કાર્યોથી સમુદ્ર, નદી અને ઓઝોન સ્તરને નુકસાન ન કરવું જોઈએ, આપણે ગ્રીન હાઉસ ગેસ વધારવો જોઈએ નહીં અને આપણા અંગત હિતોને કારણે પર્યાવરણને નુકસાન ન કરવું જોઈએ. આપણે આપણા સ્વભાવ વિશે સંપૂર્ણ જાગૃત રહેવું જોઈએ અને તેને જાળવી રાખવાનો પ્રયાસ કરવો જોઈએ જેથી પૃથ્વી પર જીવન હંમેશા શક્ય બને.

નિબંધ 3 (400) શબ્દો

કુદરત એ કુદરતી વાતાવરણ છે જે આપણી આસપાસ છે, આપણી સંભાળ રાખે છે અને દરેક ક્ષણે આપણું પાલનપોષણ કરે છે. તે આપણી આસપાસ રક્ષણાત્મક કવચ પ્રદાન કરે છે જે આપણને નુકસાનથી બચાવે છે. હવા, પાણી, જમીન, અગ્નિ, આકાશ વગેરે પ્રકૃતિ વિના આપણે પૃથ્વી પર રહી શકતા નથી. વૃક્ષો, જંગલો, જમીન, હવા, નદીઓ, વરસાદ, તળાવ, હવામાન, વાતાવરણ, પર્વતો, ઉચ્ચપ્રદેશો, રણ વગેરે જેવા અનેક સ્વરૂપોમાં પ્રકૃતિ આપણી આસપાસ છે. કુદરતનું દરેક સ્વરૂપ ખૂબ જ શક્તિશાળી છે, જે આપણું પાલન-પોષણ કરવાની સાથે તેનો નાશ કરવાની ક્ષમતા ધરાવે છે.

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આજના સમયમાં દરેક પાસે પ્રકૃતિને માણવા માટે ઓછો સમય છે. વધતી જતી ભીડમાં આપણે પ્રકૃતિનો આનંદ લેવાનું અને પોતાને સ્વસ્થ રાખવાનું ભૂલી ગયા છીએ. શરીરને ફિટ રાખવા માટે અમે ટેક્નોલોજીનો ઉપયોગ શરૂ કર્યો છે. જ્યારે તે એકદમ સાચું છે કે કુદરત આપણી કાળજી લઈ શકે છે અને આપણને કાયમ ફીટ રાખી શકે છે. ઘણા લેખકોએ તેમના લખાણોમાં પ્રકૃતિના ફાયદા અને સુંદરતાની પ્રશંસા કરી છે. કુદરતમાં આપણા મનને ચિંતામુક્ત રાખવા અને રોગોથી બચાવવાની ક્ષમતા છે. માનવજાતના જીવનમાં તકનીકી પ્રગતિને કારણે, આપણી પ્રકૃતિ સતત બગડી રહી છે, જેને સંતુલિત કરવા અને તેની કુદરતી સંપત્તિને જાળવવા માટે ઉચ્ચ સ્તરની જાગૃતિની જરૂર છે.

આપણી આંખો ક્યારેય થાકી ન શકે તે માટે ભગવાને દરેક વસ્તુને ખૂબ જ સુંદર રીતે જોવા માટે બનાવી છે. પરંતુ આપણે ભૂલી જઈએ છીએ કે માનવજાત અને પ્રકૃતિ વચ્ચેના સંબંધને લઈને આપણી પણ કેટલીક જવાબદારી છે. સૂર્યોદયની સાથે સાથે, જ્યારે પક્ષીઓ ગાય છે, નદી, તળાવ, પવનનો અવાજ અને લાંબા દિવસના દબાણ પછી બગીચામાં સાંજે મિત્રો સાથેની આનંદદાયક ક્ષણો તે કેટલું સુંદર દ્રશ્ય છે. પરંતુ આપણી પારિવારિક જવાબદારીઓને કારણે આપણે પ્રકૃતિના સૌંદર્યને માણવાનું ભૂલી ગયા છીએ.

ઘણી વખત વેકેશન દરમિયાન આપણે આખો દિવસ ટીવી, ન્યુઝપેપર, કોમ્પ્યુટર ગેમ્સમાં વેડફતા હોઈએ છીએ પણ આપણે ભૂલી જઈએ છીએ કે દરવાજાની બહાર કુદરતની ગોદમાં આપણા માટે ઘણું બધું રસપ્રદ છે. જરૂર વગર આપણે ઘરની બધી લાઈટો ચાલુ રાખીએ છીએ. અમે બિનજરૂરી વીજળીનો ઉપયોગ કરીએ છીએ જે ગ્લોબલ વોર્મિંગને પ્રોત્સાહન આપે છે. અમારી અન્ય પ્રવૃત્તિઓ જેમ કે વૃક્ષો અને જંગલો કાપવાથી CO2 ગેસનું પ્રમાણ વધે છે અને ગ્લોબલ વોર્મિંગ થાય છે.

જો આપણે હંમેશા ખુશ અને સ્વસ્થ રહેવા માંગતા હોય તો આપણે સ્વાર્થી અને ખોટા કાર્યો બંધ કરવા પડશે તેમજ આપણા ગ્રહને બચાવવો પડશે અને આ સુંદર પ્રકૃતિને આપણા માટે વધુ સારી બનાવવી પડશે. ઇકોસિસ્ટમને સંતુલિત કરવા માટે, આપણે વૃક્ષો અને જંગલોને કાપવાનું બંધ કરવું પડશે, ઊર્જા અને પાણીનું સંરક્ષણ કરવું પડશે. અંતે આપણે કુદરતના વાસ્તવિક ઉપભોક્તા છીએ, તેથી આપણે તેની કાળજી લેવી જોઈએ.

10 Lines on Mother’s Day
10 Lines on Our National Flag of India
10 Lines on Pollution
10 Lines on Republic Day in India

ગુજરાતીમાં પ્રકૃતિ નિબંધ ગુજરાતીમાં | Nature Essay In Gujarati

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An ecological overview of Narayan Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining de-notified areas, Kachchh, Gujarat. 1998.
Assessment of Biodiversity and Preparation of Conservation Plan for the Forests of North Gujarat Region, Gujarat (MoEF).
Assessment of floral and faunal status and provide expertise for greenbelt development and mangrove plantation, proposed Dholera port project area, Gujarat.
Biodiversity assessment of lime stone mining sites – Porbandar, TCL, Mithapur.
Biodiversity Status Assessment in and around mining sites of Gujarat Ambuja Cement Limited (GACL), Junagadh, Gujarat. Funded by: GACL.
Biodiversity status in and around Phedavada Limestone Mines of Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited (GACL), Sutrapada, Junagadh, Gujarat.
Biodiversity status in and around Solaj Limestone Mines of Gujarat Ambuja Cements Limited (GACL), Sutrapada, Junagadh, Gujarat.
Biodiversity Studies at Dholera Port. Funded by Adani Infrastructure Ltd, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
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Ecological Status of Narayan Sarovar Wildlife Sanctuary with respect to Flora, Fauna and Dependent Communities: A Management Perspective
Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs) Project. Funded by Gujarat State Forest Department (GSFD).
Study of Wetland habitats in Kachchh District and Suggesting Stakeholder Driven Management Strategies.
Establishment of Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs) of Highly Traded and Rare Medicinal Species in Kachchh Saline Desert
Status on Biodiversity in Core and Buffer Zone Areas of RKBA Limestone Mine Lease Area, Veraval and Sutrapada Talukas, Junagadh, Gujarat
People’s Biodiversity Register of 10 selected Gram Panchayats of Kachchh district, Gujarat.
Status on Biodiversity In Core and Buffer Zone Areas of Sugala Limestone Mine Lease Area, Kodinar Taluka, Junagadh, Gujarat
Status of Flora and Fauna in Three Limestone Mine Lease Areas of Reliance Cementation Pvt, Ltd, Maharashtra.
Biodiversity Assessment around selected Limestone mines near Chandrapur, Maharasthra.
Evaluation of Plant Species diversity in Preservation Plots of Kachchh and Patan Districts.
Status and Distribution of Caracal (Caracal caracal) in Gujarat
Monitoring of Commiphora wightii (Guggal) plantation in Kachchh, Junagadh and Gandhinagar Circle of Gujarat State
Status, Conservation and Management of Tree groves of forest areas of Kachchh district, Gujarat
Planning for Wildlife Conservation and its Significant Areas in Kachchh district, Gujarat
Ecological Perspective of Rann of Kachchh: Studies on Physico-Chemical and Microbial Community Structure of Soil

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Translating Gujarat: On Raising Visibility and Sharing Literary Wealth

Gujarat boasts a vibrantly active and industrious 24% of India’s overall seacoast. At 1,600 kilometers, this is the longest coastline of all Indian states and, since ancient times, has invited an unceasing influx of travelers, traders, and warriors from all over the world. The region connects with present-day Afghanistan and Pakistan via northbound land routes through the Sindh desert and what is presently known as Rajasthan. Its eastern mainland adjoins the rest of northern and central India. And in the south, it neighbors agriculturally productive and highly industrialized towns and cities like present-day, cosmopolitan Mumbai. The state’s topography is also filled with extremes and contrasts, from the salt deserts and marshes of Kutch in the northwest to the arid and semiarid scrublands of the western Kathiawad peninsula to the forested mountains and fertile plains in the southeast. Frequented by migratory tribes and clans of pastoralist warriors, pilgrims, and traders, these age-old routes and vastly diverse ecologies have allowed for a fascinating hybridization of cultures and languages from all around the country and the world. Even the name Gujarat originates from a tribal dynasty, the Gurjara-Pratiharas, who came from the north in the mid-eighth century to defeat the local rulers and rule the region along with much of northern India.

Given all of the above, the Gujarati language has never been a discrete or stable entity despite the pre-Independence attempts by British colonial officers, Gandhi, and other Indian nationalist leaders to codify it as such. As scholars like Riho Isaka, Samira Sheikh, Sitanshu Yashaschandra, Rita Kothari, Aparna Kapadia, et al. have proved, the language is a richly complex linguistic system without fixed boundaries that has evolved through centuries of economic, political, and cultural interactions between speakers of Sanskrit, Prakrit, Gujari, Arabic, Persian, Turkish, Portuguese, Dutch, Urdu, Sindhi, Hindi, and more.

This plurality enabled the flourishing of numerous ethnolinguistic identities within the region, which, in turn, have engendered diverse literatures and cultural artifacts through the centuries. Arguably, though, Gujarat had its major literary renaissance in the late 1800s. In part, this was due to cross-pollination with the growing number of literary translations from English and other Indian and European languages. And, in part, it was due to a sociopolitical awakening among Gujarat’s literati—most of whom were educated elites—driven by anti-colonialism, nationalism, and the independence movement. Both of these factors led to a profuse blossoming of the modern Gujarati short story, groundbreaking first novels and memoirs, literary criticism approached as a rigorous art form in itself, travelogues that became established as a literary genre, and modern poetic forms that deviated from all previous traditions. Writers, poets, critics, and dramatists like Dalpat, Narmad, Nilkanth Sr., Navalram Pandya, Nandshankar Mehta, and others led the initial charge.

During this pre-Independence peak era of literary output, the historical novel genre became notably dominant because it also grappled with identity-building, a sense of nationalism, and state formation. Gujarati historical novels of this time are, in themselves, sources of history—beyond the stories they contained, they were also modes of collective consciousness, social reform, and earnest attempts to transcend history itself. This pre-Independence rise of Gujarati historical fiction was deeply influenced by the likes of Scott, Tolstoy, Cervantes, and others. The first-ever Gujarati novel, Nandshankar Mehta’s Karan Ghelo, published in 1866, was historical fiction. Next came the canonical, near-historical novel quartet Sarasvatichandra, by Govardhanram Madhavram Tripathi, published from 1887 to 1901. With over 150 characters and 2,000 pages, its length surpassed Tolstoy’s War and Peace and it preceded Proust’s In Search of Lost Time . Writers like K. M. Munshi and Dhumketu published several historical fiction series set in pre-British India. Jhaverchand Meghani painstakingly collected ancient oral folklore from different regional communities into multi-volume works. Gunvantrai Acharya created swashbuckling tales of the nautical adventures of Gujaratis who traveled far and wide.

Yet, the first-ever English (or any language) translations of a handful of these works have only emerged in the last decade or so. The rest remain like faint memories of long-buried treasures despite the recovery and preservation efforts of a few stalwarts in every generation. In particular, many works remain unknown even to the Gujarati readership because they came from marginalized Gujarati communities—for example, the Parsi Gujarati community, which was much smaller than the Hindu majority but produced relatively more books at the time.

We can draw a line connecting the aforementioned Acharya to his daughter, the celebrated and prolific author Varsha Adalja, whose fiction opened this collection. Crossroad is a multi-generational historical novel set during the time of India’s independence movement. Written when the author was in her seventies, the work is groundbreaking for several reasons. In particular, despite Gujarat giving India its two most well-known Independence leaders—Mahatma Gandhi and Muhammad Ali Jinnah—and Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad being Gandhi’s political base, this is among the handful of contemporary Gujarati novels to carefully explore those volatile times. That it does so mostly through the lives and experiences of women is another singular feat. Adalja’s prose is colloquially lyrical and true to its time and place. It is also cinematic and immersive, while not shying away from the worst sociopolitical issues like the infanticide and rape of young girls. As I finish my translation of the novel, I am frequently struck by the depth of her craft and research. And I am reminded of how much we still need to learn about Gujarat during those decades beyond the lives and works of Gandhi, Jinnah, and the intelligentsia.

Immediately after independence from the British in 1947, Gujarat became part of Bombay State, and the Mahagujarat Movement for a separate state became the next big political drive. From 1947 to 1960, a Sanskritized version of the language became more standardized, relegating the many regional variations to dialect status. This is also when, as translator Meena Desai writes in her introduction to a ghazal by Befaam (the pen name of Barkat Ali Ghulam Husain Virani), the Gujarati ghazal form came into its own as part of the “burgeoning movement toward an independent identity of a much-colonized country.” Tracing its origins back to seventh-century Arabic love poetry, the ghazal had gathered Persian influences as it spread across South Asia in the twelfth century through Sufi mystics and Islamic Sultanate courtiers. Ghazals continue to enjoy popularity today—especially in Bollywood—in different languages and regions of India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Even noted American poets have composed ghazals in English. Though difficult to translate because of their layered meanings, repetitions, and symbolism, Gujarati ghazals continue to flourish both in India and among the diaspora.

Shortly after Independence, another upheaval in Gujarat—particularly the large regions of Kathiawad and Saurashtra—involved the unification of more than two hundred independent princely states. In British India, these states had functioned more like allies rather than subordinates of the British Raj. The newly-formed Indian government pushed hard to integrate the nearly six hundred total princely states, which made up more than half the country. But legacies, traditions, and memories lingered on, as we see in an excerpt of Hasmukh Shah’s upcoming memoir, Dithu Mai . . . ( From the Margins of History ), translated by Mira Desai. Shah describes markers of a world that was quickly disappearing at that time—a Muslim ruler, his integrated team of Hindu and Muslim drivers from across caste and class hierarchies, and his garage filled with expensive and difficult-to-maintain British and American vehicles. From the child narrator’s innocent point of view, all of this is fascinating and impressive. We know the child grew up to become a key staff member for three separate Indian prime ministers. Undoubtedly, some of his diplomatic and negotiation skills had begun developing in those humble yet culturally syncretic beginnings.

That idea of cultural syncretism is also brought forth in Bharat Trivedi’s poem about Ahmedabad , an ancient city with a rich history named after a fifteenth-century Muzaffarid Sultan. As Mira Desai writes in her translator’s note, “Beyond the Hindu, Muslim, and Maratha dynasties and the British colonial rulers, there were also the Siddis, descendants of shipwrecked Africans, who bequeathed an intricate and famous carved stone screen (referenced here as Siddi Sayyed ni jali) to the city.” Though it has seen much communal tension in the last two decades, Ahmedabad has always been a political and intellectual hotbed, particularly during the Gandhi years. And while it is a constant muse for poets, writers, filmmakers, and songmakers, the walls of this city guard many untold stories still. I lived in the sprawling outskirts from mid-2014 to early 2020 and continue to explore its past and present in my own fiction. Once it grabs hold of your imagination, Ahmedabad remains a perpetual state of mind.

The third poet we’ve featured, Jayesh Jeevibahen Solanki, grew up in a village close to Ahmedabad and was a prominent, brave voice in the Gujarat Dalit Movement for most of his adult life. As translator Gopika Jadeja writes in her introductory note , “These poems give us a glimpse into a promising young mind, a poet and activist who envisioned a different future for Dalit and marginalized communities in India.” The objects described starkly in these two poems—stolen mangoes, torn kites, ice lollies for a rupee, a shirtless torso, and shoeless feet—all reveal the impoverishment that Solanki experienced throughout his life, which he tragically ended in October 2020. During my time in Ahmedabad, when I was fictionalizing the 2014 Dalit flogging incident in Una for a short story, I found a few videos of Solanki talking to journalists and reciting his poetry. His grounded convictions and passionate energy will forever haunt all who encountered him, virtually or in person.

It takes both a deep passion and a certain kind of energy to persist as a bilingual poet and writer, as Pratishtha Pandya writes in her personal essay, “ Writing in Mother Tongue and an Other Tongue .” Pandya traces her lifelong encounters with different languages and literatures to understand how her translation practice made her “more attuned to the sounds, nuances, and even limitations of the languages I was working with.” More profoundly, she investigates how there are things she can write in the “other tongue” that she cannot approach in her mother tongue because of cultural conditioning. This linguistic hopscotching about may feel ungainly at times, she writes. Still, there is joy in the spontaneous discoveries it can yield for those willing to jump past boundary constructs and land on just the right words to express themselves fully.

Sachin Ketkar also talked about the pleasures and challenges of bilingualism in my interview with him. As a Marathi-speaking Maharashtrian who grew up speaking Gujarati in Gujarat and working with English as a scholar and academic, Dr. Ketkar experienced “subtractive bilingualism”—a phenomenon I have also experienced since leaving India in 1991 but had not been able to name until this conversation. This is when, as he told me, the acquisition of an elite and powerful language like English results in the depletion and deprivation of linguistic, cultural, and creative resources of the language(s) in which one is raised. We discussed his own literary and translation journey and how intricate questions of cultural identity, tradition, modernity, and relevance stared at him with every step of that journey. Translation, for him, is primarily a creative process of negotiating through those questions. As he also shares in the interview: while creative bilingualism or multilingualism has been additive in nature for literatures in other Indian languages (e.g. Tamil, Hindi, Bangla, Marathi, and more), it has not been the same with Gujarati literature for various reasons.

In a country with so many languages, translation is, as Rita Kothari put it in my interview with her, “an un-self-conscious act [that’s] in the air, in the cosmos. And it’s hidden by being most proximate and natural.” As a multilingual scholar, translator, academic, and author, she has written extensively about Gujarati literature and translation theory. She has also co-translated, with Abhijit Kothari, the most famous historical fiction in our literary canon: K. M. Munshi’s Patan trilogy. Here, we discussed the evolution and craft of Gujarati literature in translation . This is my third interview with Dr. Kothari, and one of the recurring themes is how she sees languages as sociopolitical constructs that are, beyond their uses for communication, about power and identity. Given the evolutionary aspects I described above, this is truer than ever for the Gujarati language. In closing, Dr. Kothari recommends another great Gujarati-to-English translator, to whom we turn next.

Tridip Suhrud is renowned for his Gandhian scholarship. He is also the only Gujarati-to-English translator who has been brave enough to take on the work of translating the canonical Gujarati historical quartet, Sarasvatichandra , which I mentioned earlier. In this interview , we discussed some of his milestone translations, and I asked him where Gujarati literature stands with respect to literatures from other Indian languages in terms of creativity, innovation, diversity, volume, and recognition. He reflected on the Gujarati intellectual tradition overall, and said that “. . . we in Gujarat [ . . . ] have not thought about ourselves in our tongue with as much rigor and originality as we ought to have, or the seriousness with which language communities like Marathi, Bangla, Kannada, Tamil, and Malayalam have done.” Regarding the Gujarati translation scene, he has also discussed elsewhere how we Gujaratis are very good at bringing literary wealth from other cultures into ours, but not so good at sharing our own wealth.

Though that last bit was also a good-humored dig at the age-old Gujarati stereotype as the mercantile, business-minded community, when we look at the three Gujarati-to-English translations published in 2022 (excluding my own Dhumketu translation, which was the US edition of the 2020 Indian publication), it bears out. In her omnibus review , Shalvi Shah writes that they were “all written and translated by men and the only literary works translated from Gujarati to English in India in 2022 were published and are set more than five decades ago.” As a young translator herself, she calls out the difficulties of finding daring, new, experimental works. Sadly, this latter point also bears out, although I’m grateful that we have rare translations of books by a Gujarati Parsi and a Gujarati Dalit among those three.

Earlier, I mentioned a literary renaissance period for Gujarati literature as the independence movement got underway. The next big turning point came in the post-Gandhian era of the 1950s and 1960s with avant-garde writers like Mohammad Mankad and Suresh Joshi. Though Joshi was trained and well-read in Western literary traditions, he chose to write in Gujarati. To date, there has been no other who can match Joshi’s experimental aesthetics and prolific works of fiction, literary prose, literary criticism, and translations from several languages. In his 1992 essay collection, Imaginary Homelands , Salman Rushdie writes this about meeting Joshi:

To go on in this vein: it strikes me that, at the moment, the greatest area of friction in Indian literature has nothing to do with English literature, but with the effects of the hegemony of Hindi on the literatures of other Indian languages, particularly other North Indian languages. I recently met the distinguished Gujarati novelist Suresh Joshi. He told me that he could write in Hindi but felt obliged to write in Gujarati because it was a language under threat. Not from English, or the West: from Hindi. In two or three generations, he said, Gujarati could easily die. And he compared it, interestingly, to the state of the Czech language under the yoke of Russian, as described by Milan Kundera.

(Joshi’s stance predates that of contemporary writers like J. M. Coetzee, Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o, and Minae Mizumura, who have all also made the political choice to write against the hegemony of English by first publishing their books in Spanish, Gikuyu, and Japanese respectively.)

Today, there is still a language pyramid in India where Bangla, Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Malayalam, and others sit at the top. The language and history scholars I mentioned earlier have explored the whys and wherefores in their various books and papers. Globalization continues to diminish the ranks of Gujarati readers and writers by increasing the dominance of English. A quick check on Amazon India shows that, beyond academic texts, the Gujarati-language bestsellers are self-help and how-to books translated from English alongside the perennial favorite books about Steve Jobs and Elon Musk. With each generation, the body of Gujarati literature seems to become less abundant, vibrant, and innovative than it was during Joshi’s time. The Indian government and a handful of Gujarati literary institutions do what they can. For example, in 2007, the Gujarati Sahitya Akademi created a prize to recognize and encourage Gujarati authors and poets below the age of thirty . At last count, there are at least twenty different Gujarati literary awards . The Gujarati Sahitya Parishad, the oldest literary organization, has at least thirty different literary awards .

And yet, consider this: Gujarati has fifty-six million speakers worldwide. It is the sixth most spoken language in South Asia and the third most spoken language in the South Asian American diaspora . By some accounts, the Gujarati diaspora is spread over 125 countries . But my 2022 translation, The Shehnai Virtuoso and Other Stories by Dhumketu, was the first ever Gujarati-to-English literary translation to be published in the US. It was also the first ever book-length translation of this modern Gujarati short story pioneer, who published nearly twenty-six volumes of short stories alone.

For any literary culture to thrive, its readership must grow within its own societies and beyond with more translations into and from the language. This first-ever collection at Words Without Borders is a cultural intervention to bring these works to a wider readership, and to also help raise visibility within Gujarati society, especially the global diaspora. For translators from under-represented languages like ours, the act of translation can also be a mode of recovery and reclamation. Together, this small sample reveals rich glimpses of the diverse, complex, and ever-evolving literary traditions of Gujarat. It is an effort to share some of our literary wealth and celebrate our Gujarati ways of being.

Jenny Bhatt

Jenny Bhatt is a writer, literary translator, book critic, and the founder of Desi Books, a global multimedia forum for South Asian literature.

Into English: Sachin Ketkar on Bilingual Translation

Aimé césaire: thinking through resonance, thinking outside of history, tablet and pen: writing from the modern middle east.

Essay on Conservation of Biodiversity for Students and Children

500+ words essay on conservation of biodiversity.

Conservation of biodiversity is vital for maintaining the Earth’s environment and sustaining life on the planet. There are a number of ways in which the richness of biodiversity helps in maintaining the ecological system. Conservation of biodiversity is important for the survival of living beings on Earth. Hence, a lot of emphases is being given on the conservation of biodiversity these days.

The Extinction in Biodiversity

Due to human activities, numerous varieties of animals go extinct each year. Western Black Rhinoceros, Dodo, Tasmanian tiger, Golden Toad, Woolly Mammoth, Caribbean Monk Seal, Ivory-billed Woodpecker, and Japanese Sea Lion are some of the species of animals that have gone extinct.

Lemur, Mountain Gorilla, Vaquita, Sea Turtles, Amur Leopard, and Tiger are some of the species that are on the verge of extinction. Apart from these many species of plants and trees including Lepidodendron, Araucaria Mirabilis, Wood Cycad and Kokia Cookie have gone extinct and many species are endangered.

Need to Conserve Biodiversity

Earth is a beautiful planet which has given us many things which occur naturally. Natural resources, rivers, valleys , oceans, different species of animals and beautiful varieties of plants and trees are among some of these.

In today’s world, we are busy developing our surroundings and spoiling our beautiful environment. Today, we have exploited most of the things that were available abundantly in nature. Thus, there arises a need to conserve these natural things. Among other things, there is a serious need for the conservation of biodiversity.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Importance of Conservation of Biodiversity

Conservation of biodiversity is important for many reasons. Here are some of the main reasons to conserve biodiversity:

Process of Food Chain: Different species of animals and plants serve as the source of food for other animals and living organisms. Thus, conserving biodiversity help to keep the food chain among the living organisms.
Nutritional Needs: The decline in the variety of plants and animals would mean the decline in the variety of food we eat. So, this is likely to result in nutritional deficiencies.
Cleaner Air: Plants and trees have a greater ability to purify the air and keep the atmosphere clean. As there is a decrease in the number and types of trees and plants, it impacts the quality of air in a negative way.
Better Cultivation of Crops: Fertility of soil is maintained by many insects, organisms and microorganisms work on different levels. So we have to maintain the level of microorganism which is better for the cultivation of crops.
For Medical Reason s: For making different medicines many species of trees and plants are used so as to cure various diseases.

Methods to Conserve Biodiversity

Methods that can help in the conservation of biodiversity are

Control Population: The greater the population the higher the needs which would result in further exploitation of flora and fauna and decline in biodiversity. For the conservation of biodiversity, we have to control the human population and allow other species of plants and animals to replenish on our planet.
Control Pollution: The changing climate, deteriorating air quality and the growing amount of pollution on land and water bodies are leading to different types of diseases in many. It is essential to reduce the activities leading to pollution so as to conserve biodiversity.
Reduce Deforestation: Due to deforestation, there is the loss of habitat. Due to this reason, wild animals are unable to survive in the new environment and die.
Avoid Wastage: We need to understand that natural resources are not only essential for us but are also vital for the survival of other species. We must thus utilize only as much as we require them so that these remain available in abundance in nature for future use.
Spread Awareness: Apart from this, one of the best methods to conserve biodiversity is by spreading awareness. The government can do so at a bigger level. While we can spread awareness by word of mouth and through social media.

Conservation of biodiversity is of utmost importance. We must all make efforts to conserve biodiversity rather than contributing towards its declination. Thus, the richness of biodiversity is essential for the survival of living beings on Earth.

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Essay on Biodiversity in 500 Words for Students

Updated on
Dec 7, 2023

Essay on Biodiversity: Biodiversity refers to the variety of animals and plants in the world or a specific area. Even in today’s modern world where so many technological advances have taken place, we still rely on our natural environment and resources to survive, A healthy and vibrant ecosystem is not disturbed by human activities. We humans are the largest consumers of natural resources, and you know what? We are also a real threat to the natural environment? Biodiversity is not just about a variety of animal and plant species, but, also offers us water, climate, disease control, nutrition cycle, oxygen release, etc. According to one report released by the United Nations, around 10 lakh plant and animal species are on the verge of extinction. The worst thing is that this number is almost at a doubling rate.

Quotes on Biodiversity

Here are some popular quotes on biodiversity. Feel free to add them to your writing topics related to the natural environment.

‘Look closely at nature. Every species is a masterclass, exclusively adapted to the particular environment in which it has survived. Who are we to destroy or even diminish biodiversity?’ – E O Wilson
‘Biodiversity is our most valuable but least appreciated resource.’ – E O Wilson
‘Biodiversity is the greeted treasure we have. It’s diminishment is to be prevented at all cost.’ – Thomas Eisner
‘Animal protection is education to humanity.’ – Albert Schweitzer
‘Only beautiful animals or ugly people wear fur.’ – Unknown
‘Babies and animals are the mirrors of the nature.’ – Epicurus

Shiva Tyagi

With an experience of over a year, I've developed a passion for writing blogs on wide range of topics. I am mostly inspired from topics related to social and environmental fields, where you come up with a positive outcome.

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Gujarati Culture, Dress and Food - The Heart and Soul of Gujarat

The diverse and vibrant state of Gujarat has a significant contribution to the cultural aspect of India. The sheer simplicity and amiability of Gujaratis have made them a flourishing community. The state of Gujarat boasts a vibrant art, architecture, culture, and heritage; all of which is quite evident in the day-to-day lives of the locals. The diversity exhibited by Gujarat is a result of the various ethnic groups constituting Gujarat's population; including Indic and Dravidian groups.

1. Art and Culture of Gujarat

Dance Forms

Dandiya Raas is performed by both men and women and utilizes the movement of bamboo sticks, known as Dandiyas. It has ancient roots and was believed to be played by the beloved Gopis of Lord Krishna.
Garba is usually performed by the females in a circular formation. It is performed with reverence of the feminine form of the divinity.
Garbi is traditionally performed by only the men and incorporates the use of instruments like dhol and manjiras.
Padhar is mainly performed by the rural communities near Nal Lake.

2. Customs and Traditions of Gujarat

3. languages and religions.

Although Gujarati is the mother tongue of the natives of Gujarat, many other languages are widely spoken throughout the state. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language derived from Sanskrit and is the 26th most widely used language in the world. Gujarati has about 11 different dialects, spoken in various parts of the state.
Since the state of Gujarat shares its border with Maharashtra , Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan ; a small section of its population speak the native languages of the neighbouring states, namely Marwari, Marathi, Hindi along with Urdu and Sindhi.
The natives of Kutch-a semi-arid region in Gujarat-speaks Kachchi language, which is quite an important language of the area.

4. Fairs and Festivals

The fairs and festivals of Gujarat showcase the real vibrancy and colours of its diverse culture. Thousands of people flock to Gujarat to witness the extravaganza during festivals like Navratri Mahotsav, Deepawali, Rathyatra and Kite festival. There are some fairs as well that are organized in the state every year, namely- Shamlaji Melo, Bhadra Purnima Fair, and Mahadev Fair. The Rann Utsav is a major festival and witnesses an exquisite carnival of music, dance and natural beauty.

5. Food of Gujarat

A traditional and authentic Gujarati meal consists of dal, roti, rice, vegetables, salad, chaas, farsan followed by a sweet dish. Gujarati cuisine is quite similar to that of Maharashtra, and most of the Gujaratis are vegetarian. Some of the famous Gujarati delicacies include dhokla, fafda, khandvi, dhal Dhokli, Undhiyu, handvo, Ganthia, dal Wada, khakhra, and Thepla. In Gujarati dishes, the flavors are a blend of sweet, spicy and sour tastes. Each region of the state has a distinctive flavor associated with its local food. A typical Gujarati dinner includes bhakri-shak or khichdi-kadhi. The Gujaratis are noted for their sweet tongue, and hence every meal is followed by a sweet dish or sometimes even jaggery.

6. Cultural Dresses of Gujarat

Patola Silk or popularly known as 'Queen of all silks' forms a major part of traditional Gujarati attire. Gujarati brides are adorned with silk and zari woven sarees of Gharchola and Panetar.
The traditional attires often incorporate tie-dye or traditional block prints.
The region of Kutch has a distinctive traditional outfit adorned by women known as Abhas. Chania Cholis are a popular choice of outfit during the festive season of Navratri Mahotsav.
Men also wear unique attire known as Kediya dress during the Navratri season.
A prevalent Gujarati trend is the silver Pachchikam jewellery that originated in Kutch.
7. Gujarati Engagement and Wedding Ceremony

Engagement Ceremony

Wedding ceremony.

The wedding ceremony in the Gujarati culture is probably the most awaited event for the couple and its family but for all the guests as well. Like every Indian wedding, the rituals go back to the Vedic times, and the ceremonies kick off with the ( Varghodo ) wedding procession, that goes from the groom's house to the bride's house where the ceremonies take place. On arrival, the groom is welcomed by the bride's family ( Swagatam ) after which the bride's father performs a ritual involves him handing over his daughter to the groom ( Kanya Daan ) in front of the guest. After this, the rituals ( Ganesh Puja ) commences, this is known as the Vivaan. During the Vivaan, the couple performs the Mangal Phera where they go around the sacred fire and go through the most important part of the ritual, the Saptapadi or the seven sacred steps. The religious part of the ceremony comes to a close with the holy thread ( Mangalsutra ) being tied around the neck of the bride by the groom and he places the red dot ( tika ) on the wife's forehead, as a declaration of her new married status (Suhaag). The ceremony comes to a close when the couple goes to the groom's parents who will bless the couple ( Aashirvaad ).

8. Gujarati Cinema

This post was published by Shelly Mehandiratta

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ભારતીય સંસ્ક્રુતિના પાયા

Essays on the value of Indian civilisation and culture. This volume consists of various essays: 'Is India Civilised?', 'A Rationalistic Critic on Indian Culture', 'Defence of Indian Culture', 'Indian Culture and External Influence' and 'The Renaissance in India'. They were first published in the monthly review Arya between 1918 and 1921.

The Renaissance in India
1997 Edition
The Foundations of Indian Culture
1972 Edition

ભારતીય સંસ્ક્રુતિના પાયા ગુજરાતી
भारतीय संस्कृतीचा पाया मराठी
Les Fondements de la culture indienne Français

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SABCL > The Foundations of Indian Culture ગુજરાતી मराठी Français

Essays on the value of Indian civilisation and culture.

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Biodiversity Essay

Essay on Biodiversity

Biodiversity is a term made up of two words - Bio meaning Life, and Diversity meaning Variety. The term biodiversity refers to the variety of life on Earth. Plants, animals, microbes, and fungi are all examples of living species on the planet.

Types of Biodiversity

Genetic Biodiversity- Genetic diversity is the variation in genes and genotypes within a species, e.g., every human looks different from the other.

Species Biodiversity- Species Diversity is the variety of species within a habitat or a region. It is the biodiversity observed within a community.

Ecosystem Biodiversity- Ecological biodiversity refers to the variations in the plant and animal species living together and connected by food chains and food webs.

Importance of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is an integral part of cultural identity. Human cultures co-evolve with their environment and conservation is a priority for cultural identity. Biodiversity is used for Medicinal purposes.

Many plants and animals are used for medicinal purposes, like vitamins and painkillers. It contributes to climate stability. It helps in controlling the effects of climate change and managing greenhouse gases.

Biodiversity provides more food resources. It supplies many vital ecosystems, such as creating and maintaining soil quality, controlling pests, and providing habitat for wildlife. Biodiversity has a relationship with Industry. Biological sources provide many Industrial materials including rubber, cotton, leather, food, paper, etc.

There are many economic benefits of Biodiversity. Biodiversity also helps in controlling pollution. Biodiversity helps in forming a healthy ecosystem. Biodiversity also acts as a source of recreation. Along with other factors, biodiversity helps in improving soil quality.

Long Essay on Biodiversity

There are many economic benefits of Biodiversity. Biodiversity is a source of economic wealth for many regions of the world. Biodiversity facilitates Tourism and the Recreational industry. Natural Reserves and National Parks benefit a lot from it. Forest, wildlife, biosphere reserve, sanctuaries are prime spots for ecotourism, photography, painting, filmmaking, and literary works.

Biodiversity plays a vital role in the maintenance of the gaseous composition of the atmosphere, breakdown of waste material, and removal of pollutants.

Conservation of Biodiversity

Biodiversity is very important for human existence as all life forms are interlinked with each other and one single disturbance can have multiple effects on another. If we fail to protect our biodiversity, we can endanger our plants, animals, and environment, as well as human life. Therefore, it is necessary to protect our biodiversity at all costs. Conservation of Biodiversity can be done by educating the people to adopt more environment-friendly methods and activities and develop a more harmonious and empathetic nature towards the environment. The involvement and cooperation of communities are very important. The process of continuous protection of Biodiversity is the need of the hour.

The Government of India, along with 155 other nations, has signed the convention of Biodiversity at the Earth Summit to protect it. According to the summit, efforts should be made in preserving endangered species.

The preservation and proper management methods for wildlife should be made. Food crops, animals, and plants should be preserved. Usage of various food crops should be kept at a minimum. Every country must realize the importance of protecting the ecosystem and safeguarding the habitat.

The Government of India has launched the Wild Life Protection Act 1972 to protect, preserve, and propagate a variety of species. The Government has also launched a scheme to protect national parks and sanctuaries. There are 12 countries - Mexico, Columbia, Peru, Brasil, Ecuador, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, India, China, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Australia, in which Mega Diversity Centres are located. These countries are tropical and they possess a large number of the world’s species.

Various hotspots have been made to protect the vegetation. There are various methods for conserving biodiversity.

If biodiversity conservation is not done efficiently, each species would eventually become extinct due to a lack of appetite and hunger. This scenario has been a big issue for the last few decades, and many unique species have already become extinct. As a result of a lack of biodiversity protection, several species are still on the verge of extinction.

FAQs on Biodiversity Essay

1. What are the three types of Biodiversity?

Biodiversity is referred to as the variability that exists between the living organisms from different sources of nature, such as terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems. Biodiversity has three levels, which are genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. This is also considered as the type of ecosystem.

2. What is Biodiversity and why is it important?

Biodiversity is responsible for boosting the productivity of the ecosystems in which every species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. For example, a greater variety of crops can be obtained from a plant species which is in large numbers. If species diversity is in a greater amount, then it ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.

3. What is the connection between Biodiversity and the Food Chain?

If a single species goes extinct from the food chain, it will have an impact on the species that survive on it, putting them on the verge of extinction.

4. How are human beings affecting biodiversity?

Pollution- Pollution not only affects human beings, but also affects our flora and fauna, and we should control the pollution to conserve our biodiversity.

Population- Population control is a must to maintain a balance in our ecological system. Humans contribute to pollution by bursting crackers and by not following all the traffic rules.

5. How does Deforestation affect biodiversity?

Deforestation- Trees are very important for survival. They help in balancing out the ecosystem. Deforestation leads to the destruction of habitat. Deforestation should be stopped to protect our animals and plants. Deforestation not only removes vegetation that is important for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but it also emits greenhouse gases.

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Gujarat Darshan Guide

Gujarat Tourism, Stay, News, Culture

Culture of Gujarat, Traditions, Food, Festival

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About Gujara t Culture

Gujarat culture and heritage is among the most amazing and richest ones in the country. Unique and diverse, the cultural heritage of Gujarat is an incredibly fascinating one. Also, there are several awesome places to visit in Gujarat. Scores of people regularly visit Gandhinagar, the state’s capital. The largest city of Gujarat, Ahmedabad, is also among the most frequented cities in the state. Rann of Kutch, the great Indian White Salt Desert, is among the must-see attractions in Gujarat

Gujarat is a flourishing state with cultural diversity. This vibrant state forms an integral part of the Indian culture. Gujarati culture is the blend of traditions, beliefs, customs, arts, values, and modernization. Despite being among the most industrialized state in India, Gujarat preserves its rich culture and tradition of the ancient past.

Customs and Traditions of Gujarat Embracing different religious faiths, Gujarati’s demonstrate a vibrant mix of Hinduism , Islam , Jainism , and Buddhism . This amalgamation of cultures is quite evident in their beliefs, customs, traditions, institutions, and practices.

Traditions of Gujarat

Gujarati’s believe in various deities as there are many religions in the state together. Accepting different religious beliefs, Gujarati shows a lively mix of Hinduism, Islam, Jain, and Buddhism. This connection of cultures is evident in their beliefs, customs, traditions, institutions, and practices. Aboriginal people show a balanced lifestyle due to a thorough education, a mix of religious practices, and the development of artistic traits. The cow is considered a mother and so they are worshiped devotionally. The main celebrated ceremonies of Gujarati include birth, rope ceremony, marriage, and death. All rituals are performed by the highest-ranked Brahmins.

Languages of Gujarat

Gujarati is the mother tongue of the natives of Gujarat, many other languages are widely spoken throughout the state. Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language derived from Sanskrit and is the 26th most widely used language in the world. Gujarati has about 11 different dialects, spoken in various parts of the state.

Food Of Gujarat

A traditional and authentic Gujarati meal consists of dal, roti, rice, vegetables, salad, chaas, farsan followed by a sweet dish.

Some of the famous Gujarati delicacies include dhokla, fafda, khandvi, dhal Dhokli, Undhiyu, handvo, Ganthia, dal Wada, khakhra, and Thepla.

A typical Gujarati dinner includes bhakri-shak or khichdi-kadhi. The Gujaratis are noted for their sweet tongue, and hence every meal is followed by a sweet dish or sometimes even jaggery.

Some Details of Gujarat Food

Khandvi – This popular Gujarati cuisine is made in the form of thin layers of gram Flour that is cooked in buttermilk and converted into delicious small rolls. For the final stages these rolls are seasoned and sautéed with sesame seeds as well as other spices.

Undhiyu – The word undhiyu is derived from the Gujarati ‘Undhu’, that means inverted literally. This is called so since this dish is prepared using an inverted clay pot. This is one of the most landmark dished of all time and is prepared using a combination of eggplant, Papdi, Surt, Methi and bananas amongst other such vegetables and items which is slow cooked and results in each bite bursting with flavours.

Aam Shrikhand – This famous Gujarati sweet dish is created using saffron, condensed milk, chopped mangoes, sugar, Cardamom powder along with some cream. Some people also season this sweet dish with pistachios which brings out the flavors of all the ingredients that went into its making.

Gujarati Kadhi – This is another famous Gujarati food item which is popular across the globe. This is especially a saving grace during the summer time when the scorching heat becomes unbearable. It is created using sour curd that is spiced with gram flour and is also best enjoyed while consumed with Chapatis or steaming hot basmati rice.

Cultural Dress of Gujarat

Patola Silk or ‘Queen of Silk’, it is a staple of traditional Gujarati suits. In Kutch, there is a unique traditional garment that is known as women. Chania Choli is a popular choice of decor during the Navratri festival season. Men also wear unique suits known as kadia dresses during the Navratri season. Also, one of the prevailing Gujarati trends is the Silver Pachikam Jewelry originating in Kutch.

Fairs and Festivals Of Gujarat

Makar sankranti and kite flying festival (14 january).

Also known as the kite flying festival this festival is celebrated with great vigor and enthusiasm. This festival marks the sun’s direct reaching to the tropic of Capricorn after the completion of the winter solstice. It is celebrated with many folk musics, dance, and kite flying. People of Gujarat gather on terraces to fly kites of various colors to celebrate Makar Sankranti or Uttrayana, in Gujarat, it is also the time when preparations like Undhiyu and sugar cane juice is served. the welcome to the sun after the cold winter months.

Bhadra Purnima (September)

The full moon of Bhadrapad is one of the four most important festival days of the year when farmers and agriculturists come to Ambaji, a place that derives its name from Goddess Ambaji, whose shrine is located there. On this occasion, a large fair is organized on full moon days. In the evening, performances of Bhavai, the folk drama of the state, is held and Garba programmes are organized. The devout attend readings of the Saptashati, the seven hundred verses in praise of the goddess, and visit the temple for a darshan (worship) of her. The Ambaji shrine is the principal shrine of the goddess in Gujarat, and its origins are still unknown. The Temple of Ambaji is recognized as one of the original Shakti Pithas (religious texts) where, according to the ancient Scriptures, the heart of the goddess Ambaji fell to earth when her body was dismembered. A triangular Vishwa Yantra, inscribed with figures and the syllable ‘Shree’ in the centre, represents the deity. There is no idol, which testifies the temple’s antiquity. Idol worship became popular much later.

Bhavnath Mahadev Mela (February)

This fair takes place at the Bhavnath Mahadev Temple that is located on the foot of the holy mount Girnar in Junagadh. This fair takes place for 5 days in the month of February around the festival of Mahashivratri. During this fair, the Mahapuja of Lord Shiva takes place at midnight inside the temple on the 14th day of the dark half of the month of Magh. It is a popular belief that during this time, Lord Shiva himself visits this shrine.

Trinetreshwar Mahadev Fair (September–October)

The small hamlet of Tarnetar, about 75 kilometers from Rajkot, is the site for one of Gujarat’s most well-known annual fairs, held here during the first week of Bhadrapad (September–October). This fair is primarily a “marriage mart” or “Swayamvar” for the tribal youth of today who still visit Tarnetar, to find them a suitable bride. The tribal youth elegantly dressed in colourful dhotis, waistcoats and eye-catching turbans come to be chosen by village belles dressed in colourful finery. Like all important tribal fairs, it is attended by tribes from the adjoining areas who indulge in dancing, competitive sports and other such forms of entertainment. There are over 300 stalls selling food, refreshments, exhibiting embroidery and cattle shows. The bachelors are usually identified by their large, colourful embroidered umbrellas and their distinctive hairstyles. These umbrellas, which have become emblems of the fair, are embroidered by the tribal youth for over a year. The fair is held around the Trinetreshwar Temple, which was dedicated to the three-eyed Lord Shiva and built at the beginning of the century. There is a kund (reservoir) here, and it is popularly believed that a dip in its waters is as holy as a dip in the sacred River Ganges. The reservoir is also known as papanshu (the destroyer of sins).

Tarnetar Fair

The venkatareddy Tarnetar Fair is one of the most happening events in Gujarat and is held at the Temple of Shiva or Trinetreshwar (three-eyed god), popularly known as Tarnetar. Popular belief associates the village with the Swayamwar (marriage) of Draupadi after Arjun performed the Mastsyavedh, an unparalleled feat of archery. Villagers from all over the state, dressed in their brilliant traditional costumes and exquisite jewellery, flock to Tarnetar. A veritable feast for the eyes is the Rasada, a captivating folk dance performed by hundreds of women moving gracefully in a single circle, dancing gaily to the accompaniment of four drums and jodja pava (double flutes). It is in the district Surendranagar.

Kutch Festival Or Rann Festival

The ‘Kutch Festival’ or the ‘Rann festival’ is celebrated at the time of the Shiv Ratri in February/ March. The center of the festival is Bhuj in Kutch. It has crafts, fairs and folk dances, and music and cultural shows, all organized by Gujarat Tourism. Tours are also conducted out to the ruins of Dhola Vera, a city that was once a part of the Indus Valley civilization. The Kutch region in Gujarat abounds with splendid beaches, fascinating wildlife, and beautiful palaces and monuments.

Music Of Gujarat

The folk music of Gujarat is known as Sugam Sangeet and has acclaimed world-wide fame. The range of musical instruments utilized in Gujarati folk music includes turi, manjira, ektaro, jantar, zanz pot drum, prabhati, dhol and ravan hattho. Bhajans are also incorporated in their folk songs. Bardic tradition is another major type of folk Gujarati music.

Dance Of Gujarat

Since Gujarati people are quite enthusiastic and amiable, they have many traditional forms of dance. The four major forms of dance are Dandiya Raas, Garba, Padhar, and Garbi.

Dandiya Raas is performed by both men and women and utilizes the movement of bamboo sticks, known as Dandiyas. It has ancient roots and was believed to be played by the beloved Gopis of Lord Krishna.
Garba is usually performed by the females in a circular formation. It is performed with reverence for the feminine form of divinity.
Garbi is traditionally performed by only the men and incorporates the use of instruments like dhol and manjiras.
Padhar is mainly performed by the rural communities near Nal Lake.

Engagement ceremony Of Gujarat

In many Gujarati communities, the engagement ceremony is known as ‘Goad Dhana’ which does not include a ring ceremony . (in Gujarat Script, ગોળ-ધાણા), which literally means “Jaggery and Coriander seeds” and refers to the practice of distributing a small amount of jaggery mixed with coriander seeds.

Marriage ceremony Of Gujarat

Marriage is a highly auspicious occasion in Indian culture. According to the Vedas, the Hindu scriptures, marriage is a sacred lifelong commitment between a man and a woman. It is considered to be the strongest of all social bonds and is the initiation into a lifetime of togetherness.

The Vedic wedding ceremony consists of prayers, invocations, and vows recited in Sanskrit, the most ancient surviving language. The Vedic wedding ceremony dates back to over five thousand years and is performed under a decorated canopy, the mandap . The four pillars that surround the mandap represent the parents of the bride and groom. This signifies the important part they have played in raising their children to become the responsible adults they are today. The ceremony is performed before a sacred fire, or agniaa , which is the eternal witness of the marriage, and all vows are taken.

Parts of the ceremony

Every Hindu ceremony begins with the worship of Lord Ganesha, the deity of peace and wisdom. This is done so people can find strength within themselves to remove any obstacles that may arise.

Varghodo (Wedding Procession)

The original form of a barat is a procession from the groom’s house to the bride’s house for the wedding ceremony. The wedding day begins with the Mangal Vadya, the playing of Shehnai (a traditional wind instrument) and Dhol (Indian drum).

Swagatam (Welcoming the groom and his family)

The groom and his family are greeted at the doors of the mandir (temple) by the bride’s parents and family. The mother of the bride then greets and welcomes the groom and his family into her own family. She blesses the groom by placing a tilak (red dot) on his forehead. The groom is then led to the mandap where the wedding ceremony will take place.

Ganesh Puja (The worship of Lord Ganesh)

Madhuparka (Welcoming the groom)

While the groom is sitting under the mandap the madhuparka is performed where his feet are washed by the bride’s parents. He is then offered panchamrut , a drink composed of milk, yogurt, ghee, honey, and sugar.

Kanyaa Daan (Giving away of the daughter)

The bride accepts her change of status from an unmarried woman to a wife by spreading Turmeric powder on her hands. Kanya Daan is performed by the father (or uncle or guardian) of the bride in presence of a large gathering that is invited to witness the wedding.

Vivah (Wedding)

The bride and the groom face each other, and the priest ties their garments (the bride’s saree to the groom’s shirt) in a knot, symbolizing the sacred union. The bride and the groom garland each other and exchange the rings. Next, the nuptial fire, symbolizing the divine witness, and the sanctifier of the sacrament, is installed and worshipped.

Both the bride and the groom grasp their hands together and pray to God for His blessings. Samagree, consisting of crushed sandalwood, herbs, sugar, rice, ghee (clarified butter), and twigs is offered into the sacred fire to seek God’s blessings for the couple.

Mangal Phera (Circumambulation of the sacred fire)

The groom holds the bride by the hand and both walk four times around the sacred fire. Both offer oblations and recite appropriate Vedic hymns to Gods for prosperity, good fortune, and conjugal fidelity. They touch each other’s heart and pray for union of their hearts and minds.

Saptapadi (Seven sacred steps)

This is the most important rite of the entire ceremony. Here the bride and the groom take seven steps together around the sacred fire (Agni) and make the following seven promises to each other: As per the Vedic rituals, the groom sings “With God as our guide, let us take”:

The first step to nourish each other
The second step to grow together in strength
The third step to preserve our wealth
The fourth step to share our joys and sorrows
The fifth step to care for our children
The sixth step to be together forever
The seventh step to remain lifelong friends
The perfect halves to make a perfect whole!

The Satapadi ceremony concludes with a prayer that the union is indissoluble. At the end of this ceremony, the groom and the bride become husband and wife.

Mangal Sutra

The Mangal Sutra Dharana is the tying of the thread containing the marks of the Vishnu or Shiva on the neck of the bride by the groom.

Suhaag or Sindhoordana

The groom places sindoor (red powder) on the bride’s hair symbolizing her as a married woman.

Aashirvaad (Blessing)

The groom’s parents bless the couple and offer clothes or flowers to the bride, symbolizing her joining the groom’s family. All those assembled at the ceremony shower flowers on the couple and bless them completing the marriage. Kanya Viday;- The Bride is taking ashirwad from his relatives ( Father, mother, brother, sister, Mamas and all the relatives), the most difficult moments for Father, who is now handing over his daughter to the groom`s Family forever with very much emotional posture, it’s a very very difficult time, everyone is with tears in their eyes, that’s why its call Vasmi Viday.

Gujarati cinema

The Gujarati cinema dates back to 9 April 1932, when the first Gujarati film Narsinh Mehta was released. Leeludi Dharti (1968) was the first color film of Gujarati cinema. After flourishing through the 1960s to 1980s, the industry saw a decline. The industry is revived in recent times. The film industry has produced more than one thousand films since its inception. In 2005, the Government Of Gujarat announced a 100% entertainment Tax Exemption for Gujarati films. The Gujarati cinema is also known as ‘Dhollywood’ or ‘Gollywood’

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biodiversity - Meaning in Gujarati

Biodiversity word forms & inflections, definitions and meaning of biodiversity in english, biodiversity noun.

"a high level of biodiversity is desirable"

Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem levels. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth; it is usually greater in the tropics as a result of the warm climate and high primary productivity in the region near the equator. Tropical forest ecosystems cover less than 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface and contain about 50% of the world's species. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity for both marine and terrestrial taxa. Marine coastal biodiversity is highest globally speaking in the Western Pacific ocean steered mainly by the higher surface temperatures. In all oceans across the planet, marine species diversity peaks in the mid-latitudinal zones. Terrestrial species threatened with mass extinction can be observed in exceptionally dense regional biodiversity hotspots, with high levels of species endemism under threat. There are 36 such hotspot regions which require the world's attention in order to secure global biodiversity.

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વૃક્ષની શીતળતા નિબંધ |Tree essay in gujarati

Tree essay in gujarati: વૃક્ષો આ૫ણા સૌથી શ્રેષ્ઠ મિત્રો ગણાય છે. તે આ૫ણી ૫ાસે કોઇ ૫ણ પ્રકારની આશા કે અ૫ેેેેક્ષા રાખતા નથી. તે વાતાવરણમાંથી કાર્બનડાયોકસાઇ શોષી લે છે અને માનવ જીવન જીવવા જરૂરી પ્રાણવાયુ એટલે કે ઓક્સિજન પૂરો પાડે છે. આવા તો અસંખ્ય લાભો છે જે લખવા ૫ણ અસંંભવ છે. તો ચાલો આજે આ૫ણે અહી વૃક્ષની શીતળતા નિબંધ (Tree essay in gujarati) વિશે ચર્ચા કરીએ.

Table of Contents

શું તમે વૃક્ષો વિનાાા ધરતીની કલ્પના કરી છે ? જો વૃક્ષો ન હોત તો પૃથ્વી પર જીવન શક્ય ન હોત, વૃક્ષોનો સ્વભાવ ૫રો૫કારી છે જે સમગ્ર પૃથ્વીને હરિયાળી અને ખુશ રાખે છે. વૃક્ષો આપણને જીવનભર કંઇક ને કંઇક આપતા રહે છે, તેમ છતાં આપણે આપણા અંગત સ્વાર્થ માટે રોજબરોજ કેટલાય વૃક્ષો કાપી નાખીએ છીએ.

વૃક્ષો કુદરતની અમૂલ્ય ભેટ છે, ધરતી પરની આ લીલોતરી અને હરિયાળી વૃક્ષોને જ આભારી છે. વૃક્ષો સાચા યોદ્ધાઓ છે જે જન્મથી જ આપણા માટે પ્રદૂષણ સામે લડે છે અને આપણને સ્વચ્છ અને સુંદર વાતાવરણ આપે છે. વૃૃૃૃક્ષો આપણને ખોરાક આપે છે. ખાવા માટે ફળો, ઔષધીઓ, બળતણ માટે લાકડા, ખેડુતો માટે ખેતીના ઓજારો, ધર માટે રાચરચીલુ, કાગળ, રબર આ બધુ આપણે વૃક્ષો પાસેથી જ મેળવીએ છીએ.

શુ તમે જાણો છો કે આ ધરતી જે વરસાદ પડી રહયો છે એ પણ આ આપણા મિત્રો વૃક્ષોને જ આભારી છે. વૃક્ષો વરસાદ લાવવામાં મદદરૂપ બને છે. એટલે જ આપણે જોયુ હશે કે જયાં ગાઢ જંગલો આવેલા છે તે વિસ્તારમાં સૌથી વધુ વરસાદ પડે છે.

વૃક્ષો એ પર્યાવરણનું અનમોલ રત્ન છે. એટલે જ જે લોકો વધુ વૃક્ષો કે જંગલ વિસ્તારમાં રહે છે તેમનું તંંદુરસ્તી લેવલ ખૂબ જ સારૂ હોય છે. તેમનું સરેરાશ આયુષ્ય પણ વધુ હોય છે.

વૃક્ષો વધુ વરસાદથી થતુ જમીનનું ધોવાણ અટકાવે છે, વૃક્ષોના પાંદડા જમીનને ફળદ્રુપ બનાવે છે, વૃક્ષો પ્રાણીઓને રહેઠાણ પુરુ પાડે છે. પૃથ્વીના પેટાળમાંં મળતી મૂલ્યવાન ખનીજ સંપત્તિ પણ વૃક્ષોને જ અભારી છે.

પરંતુ ધીમે ધીમે ઔદ્યોગિકીકરણ અને શહેરીકરણ વધ્યા પછી માનવીઓ દ્વારા આડેધડ વૃક્ષોનું નિકંદન કરવામાં આવી રહ્યું છે, જેના કારણે કુદરતી સંતુલન ખોરવાઈ ગયું છે.

Must Read : વૃક્ષો આપણા મિત્રો નિબંધ

શહેરોમાં વૃક્ષોના અભાવને કારણે વરસાદ ઓછો પડે છે અથવા તો અનિયમિત પડે છે. અને વાયુ પ્રદૂષણ વધુ માત્રામાં રહે છે. જો આ જ ઝડપે વૃક્ષો કાપવાનું ચાલુ રહેશે તો તે દિવસ દૂર નથી જ્યારે માનવીને પોતાની જ આ નિરાળી ધરતી પર સ્વાસ લેવામાં તકલીફ પડે.

વૃક્ષોનું મહત્વ તથા વૃક્ષોના ઉ૫યોગો:

માનવ જીવનમાં વૃક્ષોનું સ્થાન અત્યંત મહત્વનું છે. ધોડીયા થી લઇને ચિતાનાં લાકડાં સુધી અને બાળકના રમકડાથી દાદાજીની લાકડી સુધી બધુ વૃક્ષો ઉપર જ નિર્ભર છે. પ્રાચીન કાળમાં વૃક્ષનો મહિમા વર્ણવતા લખ્યુ છે કે. ”વૃક્ષો ધરતીનું સંગીત છે, ઋતુઓનું સૌંદર્ય છે, આકાશમાં વ્યાપેલી કવિતા છે.” તો વળી શ્વેતાશ્વતર ઉપનિષદમાં તો વૃક્ષને વિશ્વ પુરુષનું ઉપમાન આપેલુ છે. અથર્વવેદમાં પણ પીપળાના વૃક્ષ ઉપર દેવતાઓનો નિવાસ હોય છે એમ કહી એનું માન વધારર્યું છે. આ બધુ વાંચીને તમે માનવજીવન સાથે વૃક્ષોનું અંતરંગ સંબંધવિશે તો જાણી જ ગયા હશો.

વૃક્ષોના લાભો અને મહત્વ સમજાવતાં મૂખયય વાત તો રહી છે. અને એ છે એની શીતળતા. વૃક્ષની શીતળતાની ઓળખાણ તમને ત્યારે જ થાય કે જયારે તમે ઉનાળાના ધોમધખતા તાપમાં નિકળ્યા હોય, થાક અને તાપથી કંટાળી પરસેવે રેબજેબ થઇ ગયા હોય, અને એવામાં તમને કોઇ વડ કે લીમડાના ધટાદાર ઝાડનો છાંયો મળી જાય. રાજસ્થાનના રણ જેવા વિસ્તારમાં ઉનાળાના સમયમાં ખેડૂતો, માલધારીઓ કોઇ ધટાદાર વૃક્ષના શીતળ છાયામાં પોરો ખાતા જોવા મળશે. તો આવા ધોમધખતા તાપથી કંટાળીને પશુ-પક્ષીઓ પણ કોઇ ધટાદાર વૃક્ષમાં લપાઇને બેઠેલા જોવા મળશે. આ જે વૃક્ષની શીતળતાનું મહત્વ.

જો વૃક્ષો ન હોત તો શીતળ છાંયો ન હોત, શ્વાસ લેવા માટે શુદ્ધ હવા ન હોત, વરસાદ ન હોત, ફળો, ફૂલો, લાકડું અને દવાઓ વગેરે ન હોત અને પૃથ્વી એટલી નિરાળી અને સુંદર હોત.

વૃક્ષો હંમેશા આપણા માટે સેવકની જેમ કામ કરે છે. વૃક્ષો પોતે સૂર્ય અને વરસાદ વગેરે સહન કરે છે અને બદલામાં આપણને છાંયો, ફળો, ફૂલો વગેરે જેવી ઘણી વસ્તુઓ ભેટમાં આપે છે. વૃક્ષો આપણને માનવતા અને સેવાનો પાઠ શીખવે છે.

વૃક્ષો કેવી રીતે બચાવવા

આપણી આવનારી પેઢીઓના સોનેરી ભવિષ્ય માટે વૃક્ષોનું જતન કરવું અનિવાર્ય છે. વૃક્ષો છે તો જીવન સંભવ છે. માટે જ આપણે લોકોને વૃક્ષનુ મહત્વ સમજાવવુ પડશે. આ માટે આપણે નવા વૃક્ષો વાવવા પડશે. વૃક્ષોને બચાવવા માટે તમામ પ્રયાસો કરવા જોઈએ. વૃક્ષોને કાપીને જે વસ્તુઓ બનાવવામાં આવે છે, જેમ કે કાગળ વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ ઓછો કરવો પડશે.

વૃક્ષોને બચાવવા માટે દરેક માનવીએ જાગૃત થવું ખૂબ જ જરૂરી છે. લોકોને જાગૃત કરો અને વૃક્ષોના અભાવની અસરો સમજાવો. ‘વૃક્ષ બચાવો’ અભિયાન ચલાવો, આ માટે રેલીઓ કાઢો ,વધુ વૃક્ષો વાવો. લોકોને પણ વૃક્ષારોપણ માટે પ્રોત્સાહિત કરો. આ વૃક્ષની શીતળતા નિબંધ (Tree essay in gujarati) વાંચી જો તમે એક નવુ વૃક્ષ પણ વાવો છો તો મારા માટે મોટી સફળતા ગણાશે. આભાર

મહત્વ૫ુર્ણ નિબંધ

વૃક્ષો આપણા મિત્રો નિબંધ
વૃક્ષો વાવો પર્યાવરણ બચાવો ગુજરાતી નિબંધ
પર્યાવરણ બચાવો નિબંધ
પર્યાવરણ નું મહત્વ

હું આશા રાખું છું કે તમને વૃક્ષની શીતળતા નિબંધ (Tree essay in gujarati) ખૂબ જ ગમ્યો હશે. અમે અહી આવી અવનવા વિષયો ૫ર ગુજરાતી નિબંધ અમારા બ્લોગ પર રોજેરોજ પ્રકાશિત કરીએ છીએ. જેથી નવા નિબંધ વાંચવા માટે રોજેરોજ અમારા બ્લોગની મુલાકાત લેતા રહો. જો તમને ખરેખર કંઈક નવું જાણવા મળ્યું હોય અને આ લેખ ઉપયોગી બન્યો હોય તો તમારા મિત્રો સાથે share કરવાનું ભૂલશો નહીં. તમારી એક like, comment અને share અમને વધુ લખવાની અને તમને અવનવી માહિતી પૂરી પાડવા માટે પ્રેરકબળ આપે છે. તમે અમને ફેસબુક , ઇન્સ્ટાગ્રામ , ટેલીગ્રામ , યુટ્યૂબ અને ટ્વિટર પર ફોલો કરી શકો

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નિબંધના ‘શીર્ષક' વિશે સૌપ્રથમ વિચાર થવો જોઈએ. શીર્ષકના આધારે નિબંધલેખનમાં કહ્યા મુદાઓ સમાવવા તેનો ખ્યાલ આવે છે.
નિબંધના બધા મુદ્દાઓનું અનુસંધાન તેનું શીર્ષક બની રહેવું જોઈએ. વિષયની બહાર જઈ મુદાઓની ચર્ચા કરવી-એમાં વિષયનું તાદૃશ્ય જળવાઈ શકતું નથી.
શીર્ષકના આધારે તેના મુદાઓની નોંધ કર્યા પછી કયા મુદ્દાને કેટલો અને કેવી રીતે વિસ્તારવો છે તેનું મનન કરવું જોઈએ.
મુદ્દાને અનુરૂપ અને વિષયને સંગત હોય તેવા અવતરણો, કહેવતો, રૂઢિપ્રયોગો, ગુજરાતી કે અન્ય જાણીતી ભાષાની પંક્તિઓ, સુભાષિતો, વગેરેનો ઉપયોગ નિબંધમાં કરવા જોઈએ, નિબંધના મુદાઓમાં અલગ-અલગ સ્થાને તે મુકાય; એકસાથે બધી જ પંક્તિઓ એક જ મુદામાં ન લખાય તેની સાવધાની રાખવી જોઈએ.
વાક્યો અતિશય લાંબો ન થાય તેનો લખતી વખતે ખાસ ખ્યાલ રાખવો.
પરિચ્છેદની સપ્રમાણતા જળવાઈ રહે તેવી કાળજી કરવી, અને
વિરામચિહ્નોનો યોગ્ય ઉપયોગ થાય, અનુસ્વાર, જોડણી વગેરે પણ યોગ્ય રીતે લખાય તેની ખાસ કાળજી રાખવી.
નિબંધનો પ્રથમ મુદ્દો પ્રસ્તાવના અને છેલ્લે મુદ્દો ઉપસંહાર યોગ્ય રીતે લખાય તે ખાસ જોવું. નિબંધના થોડા નમુનાઓ જોઈ જવાથી આ કુશળતા આવી જશે.
કાગળમાં યોગ્ય હાંસિયો રખાય, મુદાઓ લખવામાં થોડા મોટા અક્ષર લખાય, ફકરા-પરિચ્છેદની શરૂઆતમાં યોગ્ય જગ્યા છોડાય અને પ્રત્યેક પેટા મુદાને અંતે ગુરુવિરામ મુકાય તે પણ ખાસ જોવું.
પરીક્ષામાં પુછાતા નિબંધો વિદ્યાર્થીની વય-કક્ષા અને અનુભવ જગતને ધ્યાને રાખીને જ પુછાય છે, એટલે ‘શીર્ષક’ ઉપર થોડું મનન કરવાથી તે વિષય-નિરૂપણ માટેના મુદ્દાઓ અને રજૂઆતના શબ્દો અવશ્ય મળી આવે છે, પણ હા, એ માટે અગાઉ થોડા નિબંધો જોઈ જવા જરૂરી ગણાય.
નિબંધ પૂરેપૂરો લખાઈ જાય પછી તેને ઓછામાં ઓછા એક વખત અવશ્ય વાંચી જવો જોઈએ, જેથી તેમાં રહેલી નાની પણ જરૂરી ક્ષતિઓ સુધારી શકાય છે
સારું લખાણ લખવા માટે રોજબરોજની વૈશ્વિક, રાષ્ટ્રીય, પ્રાદેશિક અને આજુબાજુની મહત્ત્વની ઘટનાઓ વિશે જાણકારી પ્રાપ્ત થતી રહેવી જોઈએ. એ માટે વર્તમાનપત્રો, સામયિકો, સમાચારો સાથે નાતો જોડવો-જોડી રાખવો જોઈએ.
પુરુષાર્થ એટલે શું ?
પુરુષાર્થ વિશે બીજાના - અનુભવીઓના કેવા ખ્યાલો છે ?
નસીબથી બધું સારું ગોઠવી શકાય કે પુરુષાર્થનો ખપ પડે ?
પ્રારબ્ધીઓ અને પુરુષાર્થીઓ બંનેમાંથી કોણ ચડિયાતું ગણાય ?
આપણે કેવા બનવું જોઈએ ?
પુરુષાર્થ દ્વારા કંઈક પામ્યાં હોય એવાં કોણ કોણ ?
પ્રસ્તાવના
પુરુષાર્થ અને પ્રારબ્ધની તુલના
પુરુષાર્થનું મહત્ત્વ અને જરૂરિયાત
પુરુષાર્થીઓની સિદ્ધિઓ
ઉપસંહાર
'સિદ્ધિ તેને જઈ વરે, જે પરસેવે નહાય,'
"उद्यमेन हि सिध्यन्ति कार्याणि न मनोरथैः "
'પુરુષાર્થ ભાગ્યનો ઘડવૈયો છે.'
'Self Help is the best Help.'
તમે પહેલાં નક્કી કરો કે તમે કયા પ્રકારનો નિબંધ વધુ સારી રીતે લખી શકો. તમને ખ્યાલ તો હશે જ કે નિબંધ વિવિધ પ્રકારના હોય છે. પ્રકૃતિવિષયક, માહિતીપ્રધાન, ઘટનાપ્રધાન, ચિંતનપ્રધાન, આત્મકથા - જેવા નિબંધો લખવાના થતા હોય છે.
તમે જે નિબંધ લખવા માંગો છો તેમાં કઈ વીગતો આવી શકે, તે વિચારો અને નોંધો. તેના મુદ્દા તારવો. આ મુદ્દાની કાચી યાદી બનાવો. ત્યાર બાદ મુદ્દાની ક્રમિકતા નક્કી કરો. કયો મુદો પહેલા લેવાથી તમારો નિબંધ વધુ ચુસ્ત બનશે અને લખાણ વધુ પ્રવાહી લાગશે.
તમે સમાનાર્થી શબ્દો, વિરુદ્ધાર્થ શબ્દો, રૂઢિપ્રયોગ, કહેવત, દુહાઓ વગેરેનો અભ્યાસ કર્યો છે. તેનો ઉપયોગ કરો અને તમારા લખાણને વધુ સચોટ અને અસરકારક બનાવો.
પસંદ કરેલા નિબંધ અનુસાર તમારી ભાષા હોવી જોઈએ.
જો તમે પ્રકૃતિવર્ણનનો વિષય પસંદ કર્યો હોય તો તેમાં પ્રકૃતિનું દૃશ્ય નજર સામે ઊભું થઈ જાય તેવું, સૂક્ષ્મ વીગતો સાથે વર્ણન કરવું જોઈએ. પ્રકૃતિના રમ્ય - રૌદ્ર રૂપની વાત કરતી વખતે તેને માનવસ્વભાવની સંકુલતા સાથે પણ સાંકળી શકાય. પ્રકૃતિ મન - હૃદયને સ્પર્શતી હોય છે. તેથી તેમાં પ્રયોજાયેલાં ભાવવાચક, ઉદ્ગારવાચક વાક્યો પણ નિબંધને વધુ હૃદયસ્પર્શી બનાવી શકે.
જો તમે માહિતીપ્રધાન નિબંધ લખવા માગતા હોવ તો તમારી પાસે મુદાઓને અનુરૂપ માહિતી હોવી જોઈએ. જરૂરી પરિભાષા, તેના લાભ-ગેરલાભ અંગે અથવા પક્ષ-વિપક્ષ અંગેની માહિતી, તેનાં કારણો, ઉપાયો વગેરે જેવી વીગતો સમાવી લેવી જોઈએ.
ઘટનાપ્રધાન નિબંધ લખવા માગતા હોવ તો એ ઘટનાનું તમારે મન શું મહત્ત્વ છે, વ્યક્તિગત અથવા સામાજિક સંદર્ભોમાં એ ઘટના વિશેષ છે ? તમારા મનમાં રોપાયેલી ઘટના વાચનારના મનમાં રોપાય તેવું વર્ણન ઘટનાપ્રધાન નિબંધને આસ્વાદ્ય બનાવી શકે.
જો તમારે આત્મનાત્મક નિબંધ લખવો હોય તો તમે વિચારી જુઓ કે તમને કેવી વાત સાંભળવામાં રસ પડી શકે? કોઈ પોતાની આત્મકથા કહે તો કોણ સાંભળ. ક્યારે સાંભળે? તેથી આ પ્રકારના નિબંધમાં બોલચાલની લઢણ નિબંધને આકર્ષક બનાવી શકે. વળી, જે પોતાના જીવનના અંતિમ તબક્કામાં હોય, તે પોતાના જીવનના સારરૂપ કોઈ સંદેશ આપે, તેથી કોઈ પણ આત્મકથા જે જીવનસંદેશ આપતી હોય તો તેનું મહત્ત્વ હોય.

નિબંધનું માળખુંઃ

આરંભ
વિષયવસ્તુ
સમાપન

ગુજરાતી નિબંધ લેખન સ્વાધ્યાય:

સ્વચ્છતા ત્યાં પ્રભુતા
મારા પ્રિય લેખક
મેં જોયેલી એક દુર્ઘટના
મારો પાદગાર પ્રવાસ
જો હું મુખ્યમંત્રી હોઉં તો
શહેરીજીવનની સમસ્યાઓ
પુસ્તકો : આપણાં મિત્રો
એક સુકાયેલા ઝાડની આત્મકથા
જાગ્યા ત્યારથી સવાર
તહેવારોનું મહત્ત્વ
રોશવની રમતનાં મારાં સંસ્મરણો
મિત્રતાની મીઠાશ
સિદ્ધિ તેને વરે જે પરસેવે નહાય
જનની અને જન્મભૂમિ સ્વર્ગથી મહાન છે.
સાગર તટે સંધ્યા
મારો પ્રિય સર્જક
જો હું કવિ હોઉં તો...
જીવનમાં પ્રામાણિકતાનું મહત્ત્વ
મારું પ્રિય પુસ્તક
ગામડું બોલે છે.
નેત્રદાનઃ મહાદાન
વૃદ્ધાશ્રમની મુલાકાતે
વસંત – વનમાં અને જનમાં
આધુનિક સાધનો - શાપ કે આશીર્વાદ
જીવનમાં રમતગમતનું મહત્ત્વ
વર્ષાઋતુ
પરિશ્રમ એ જ પારસમણી
ખબર છે એટલી કે માતની હાકલ પડી છે.
પાણી બચાવો - પ્રાણી બચાવો
પ્રકૃતિનું રક્ષણ એ જ જીવનનું રક્ષણ
દીકરી, ઘરની દીવડી
વિદ્યા વિનયથી શોભે છે.
પ્રાર્થના – જીવનનું બળ
માતૃભાષાનું મહત્વ
વૃક્ષ ઉગાડો, પર્યાવરણ બચાવો.
રક્તદાન મહાદાન
મારી પ્રેરણામૂર્તિ
માનવી – પશુની નજરે
સૃષ્ટિનો છે એક જ પોકાર, દીકરી બચાવી કરો ઉદ્ધાર
મારી માટી મારો દેશ - મેરી માટી મેરા દેશ
ચંદ્રયાન મિશન 3 નિબંધ
રામ મંદિર અયોધ્યા નિબંધ

પ્રાકૃતિક નિબંધ

ઉતરાયણ વિશે નિબંધ
વસંતઋતુ વિશે નિબંધ અથવા વસંત નો વૈભવ નિબંધ
ઉનાળાની બપોર અથવા ગ્રીષ્મનો મધ્યાહન નિબંધ
પ્રકૃતિના રમ્ય અને રૌદ્ર સ્વરૂપ નિબંધ
કુદરતના હાસ્ય અને તાંડવ નિબંધ
ભૂકંપ વિશે નિબંધ અથવા ધરતીકંપ એક કુદરતી આફત
વહેલી સવારનું ભ્રમણ
વર્ષાઋતુ નિબંધ
મોસમનો પહેલો વરસાદ ચોમાસુ નિબંધ
અતિવૃષ્ટિ નિબંધ
અનાવૃષ્ટિ અથવા દુકાળ વિશે નિબંધ
વિનાશક વાવાઝોડું નિબંધ
પ્રકૃતિ પરમાત્માનું સ્વરૂપ નિબંધ

તહેવાર વિષયક નિબંધ

હોળી પર નિબંધ
ઉત્તરાયણ (મકરસંક્રાંતિ) વિશે નિબંધ
મહાશિવરાત્રી નિબંધ
જીવનમાં તહેવારો નું મહત્વ નિબંધ
ઉનાળામાં વેકેશન નિબંધ
રથયાત્રા વિશે ગુજરાતી નિબંધ
રક્ષાબંધન વિશે નિબંધ
દશેરા વિશે નિબંધ
૧૫ મી ઓગષ્ટ નિબંધ
દિવાળી વિશે નિબંધ
નાતાલ નિબંધ
26 મી જાન્યુઆરી નો નિબંધ
શરદ પૂર્ણિમા વિશે નિબંધ
મારો પ્રિય તહેવાર નિબંધ

સામાજિક, આર્થિક, સાંસ્કતિ અને કેળવણી વિષયક નિબંધ

બેટી બચાવો બેટી પઢાવો નિબંધ
વાંચન નું મહત્વ નિબંધ
નારી તું નારાયણી નિબંધ
નારી સશક્તિકરણ નિબંધ
માતૃપ્રેમ નિબંધ અથવા વાત્સલ્યમૃતિ મા નિબંધ
દીકરી ઘરનો દીવો નિબંધ
ઓનલાઇન શિક્ષણ ના ફાયદા અને ગેરફાયદા
સ્વચ્છતા ત્યાં પ્રભુતા નિબંધ
સમયનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
શ્રમનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
કોરોનાથી બચવાનો એકમાત્ર ઉપાય રસીકરણ
ભ્રષ્ટાચાર નિબંધ
પર્યાવરણ નું મહત્વ નિબંધ
પર્યાવરણ બચાવો નિબંધ
વિશ્વ પર્યાવરણ દિવસ નિબંધ
જય જય ગરવી ગુજરાત નિબંધ
ગુજરાતના કોરોના વોરિયર્સ નિબંધ
આત્મનિર્ભર ભારત નિબંધ
જીવનમાં શિસ્તનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
ગાય વિશે નિબંધ
માનવ અને પશુની મૈત્રી નિબંધ
મોર વિશે નિબંધ
માતૃભાષા નું મહત્વ નિબંધ
માતૃભાષામાં શિક્ષણ નિબંધ
પુસ્તકો આપણા સાચા મિત્રો નિબંધ
વૃક્ષો આપણા મિત્રો નિબંધ
જીવનમાં પ્રામાણિકતાનું મહત્ત્વ પર નિબં ધ
વહેલી સવારનું ભ્રમણ વિશે નિબંધ
વિશ્વ બંધુત્વ નિબંધ
મિત્રતાની મીઠાશ નિબંધ
પ્રવાસનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
સમાજનું નવનિર્માણ અને તરુણો નિબંધ
જીવનમાં સાદગીનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
વિજ્ઞાનનું મહત્વ નિબંધ
પ્લાસ્ટિક મુક્ત ભારત નિબંધ
વસ્તી વધારો નિબંધ
ઓનલાઇન થઇ રહેલું વિશ્વ નિબંધ
મને શું થવું ગમે નિબંધ
શિક્ષક દિન નિબંધ
સૈનિક વિશે નિબંધ
કુદરતી આપત્તિ નિબંધ
હાય રે ! મોંઘવારી નિબંધ
કારગિલ વિજય દિવસ
વિશ્વ સંસ્કૃત દિવસ
વિશ્વ આદિવાસી દિવસ
વિશ્વ મહિલા દિવસ નિબંધ
રાષ્ટ્રીય એકતા નિબંધ
કન્યા વિદાય નિબંધ
યુદ્ધ નહી પણ બુદ્ધ નિબંધ
મારી શાળા નિબંધ
મારો શોખ નિબંધ
મારું ગામ નિબંધ
મારું શહેર નિબંધ
મારા દાદાજી નિબંધ
મારા દાદીમાંનિબંધ
મારા સપનાનું ભારત નિબંધ
મારા શૈશવના સંસ્મરણો નિબંધ
સ્ટેચ્યુ ઓફ યુનિટી વિશે નિબંધ
આઝાદી કા અમૃત મહોત્સવ નિબંધ
મારી પ્રિય રમત ક્રિકેટ નિબંધ
જાહેરાતોનું વિશ્વ નિબંધ
મતદાન જાગૃતિ નિબંધ
પિતા દિવસ નિબંધ
પશુ પ્રેમ નિબંધ
પર્યાવરણના સંરક્ષણ માટે મારો ફાળો નિબંધ
પોપટ વિશે નિબંધ
હાથી વિશે નિબંધ
કુતરા વિશે નિબંધ
સિંહ વિશે નિબંધ
વાઘ વિશે નિબંધ
બિલાડી વિશે નિબંધ

આત્મકથાત્મક નિબંધ

એક નદીની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક ફૂલની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક ખેડૂતની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક ફાટેલી ચોપડીની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક રૂપિયાની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક શિક્ષિત બેકારની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
નિશાળનો બાંકડો બોલે છે...આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક ચબુતરાની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક વડલાની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક ભિખારીની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક છત્રીની આત્મકથાનિબંધ
એક ઘડિયાળની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
એક નિવૃત શિક્ષકની આત્મકથા નિબંધ
જો હું સૈનિક હોઉં તો... નિબંધ
જો હું વડાપ્રધાન હોઉં તો...નિબંધ

વ્યકિતલક્ષી- જીવનલક્ષી નિબંધ

ગાંધીજીના વિચારો નિબંધ
ભગતસિંહ વિશે નિબંધ
મધર ટેરેસા વિશે નિબંધ
જવાહરલાલ નહેરુ નિબંધ
ડો બાબાસાહેબ આંબેડકર નિબંધ
ગુરુ નાનક પર નિબંધ
મારા પ્રિય નેતા નરેન્દ્ર મોદી વિશે નિબંધ
ડૉ. વિક્રમ સારાભાઈ નિબંધ
ડૉ. APJ અબ્દુલ કલામ નિબંધ
લાલ બહાદુર શાસ્ત્રી નિબંધ
ડૉ. સર્વપલ્લી રાધાકૃષ્ણનનિબંધ
અટલ બિહારી વાજપેયી નિબંધ
ચંદ્રશેખર આઝાદ નિબંધ
રાણી લક્ષ્મીબાઈ નિબંધ
સ્વામી વિવેકાનંદ નિબંધ
છત્રપતિ શિવાજી મહારાજ નિબંધ
નેતાજી સુભાષચંદ્ર બોઝ નિબંધ
અન્ય મહાન વ્યકિતઓ વિશે નિબંધ

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NPR in Turmoil After It Is Accused of Liberal Bias

An essay from an editor at the broadcaster has generated a firestorm of criticism about the network on social media, especially among conservatives.

Uri Berliner, wearing a dark zipped sweater over a white T-shirt, sits in a darkened room, a big plant and a yellow sofa behind him.

By Benjamin Mullin and Katie Robertson

NPR is facing both internal tumult and a fusillade of attacks by prominent conservatives this week after a senior editor publicly claimed the broadcaster had allowed liberal bias to affect its coverage, risking its trust with audiences.

Uri Berliner, a senior business editor who has worked at NPR for 25 years, wrote in an essay published Tuesday by The Free Press, a popular Substack publication, that “people at every level of NPR have comfortably coalesced around the progressive worldview.”

Mr. Berliner, a Peabody Award-winning journalist, castigated NPR for what he said was a litany of journalistic missteps around coverage of several major news events, including the origins of Covid-19 and the war in Gaza. He also said the internal culture at NPR had placed race and identity as “paramount in nearly every aspect of the workplace.”

Mr. Berliner’s essay has ignited a firestorm of criticism of NPR on social media, especially among conservatives who have long accused the network of political bias in its reporting. Former President Donald J. Trump took to his social media platform, Truth Social, to argue that NPR’s government funding should be rescinded, an argument he has made in the past.

NPR has forcefully pushed back on Mr. Berliner’s accusations and the criticism.

“We’re proud to stand behind the exceptional work that our desks and shows do to cover a wide range of challenging stories,” Edith Chapin, the organization’s editor in chief, said in an email to staff on Tuesday. “We believe that inclusion — among our staff, with our sourcing, and in our overall coverage — is critical to telling the nuanced stories of this country and our world.” Some other NPR journalists also criticized the essay publicly, including Eric Deggans, its TV critic, who faulted Mr. Berliner for not giving NPR an opportunity to comment on the piece.

In an interview on Thursday, Mr. Berliner expressed no regrets about publishing the essay, saying he loved NPR and hoped to make it better by airing criticisms that have gone unheeded by leaders for years. He called NPR a “national trust” that people rely on for fair reporting and superb storytelling.

“I decided to go out and publish it in hopes that something would change, and that we get a broader conversation going about how the news is covered,” Mr. Berliner said.

He said he had not been disciplined by managers, though he said he had received a note from his supervisor reminding him that NPR requires employees to clear speaking appearances and media requests with standards and media relations. He said he didn’t run his remarks to The New York Times by network spokespeople.

When the hosts of NPR’s biggest shows, including “Morning Edition” and “All Things Considered,” convened on Wednesday afternoon for a long-scheduled meet-and-greet with the network’s new chief executive, Katherine Maher , conversation soon turned to Mr. Berliner’s essay, according to two people with knowledge of the meeting. During the lunch, Ms. Chapin told the hosts that she didn’t want Mr. Berliner to become a “martyr,” the people said.

Mr. Berliner’s essay also sent critical Slack messages whizzing through some of the same employee affinity groups focused on racial and sexual identity that he cited in his essay. In one group, several staff members disputed Mr. Berliner’s points about a lack of ideological diversity and said efforts to recruit more people of color would make NPR’s journalism better.

On Wednesday, staff members from “Morning Edition” convened to discuss the fallout from Mr. Berliner’s essay. During the meeting, an NPR producer took issue with Mr. Berliner’s argument for why NPR’s listenership has fallen off, describing a variety of factors that have contributed to the change.

Mr. Berliner’s remarks prompted vehement pushback from several news executives. Tony Cavin, NPR’s managing editor of standards and practices, said in an interview that he rejected all of Mr. Berliner’s claims of unfairness, adding that his remarks would probably make it harder for NPR journalists to do their jobs.

“The next time one of our people calls up a Republican congressman or something and tries to get an answer from them, they may well say, ‘Oh, I read these stories, you guys aren’t fair, so I’m not going to talk to you,’” Mr. Cavin said.

Some journalists have defended Mr. Berliner’s essay. Jeffrey A. Dvorkin, NPR’s former ombudsman, said Mr. Berliner was “not wrong” on social media. Chuck Holmes, a former managing editor at NPR, called Mr. Berliner’s essay “brave” on Facebook.

Mr. Berliner’s criticism was the latest salvo within NPR, which is no stranger to internal division. In October, Mr. Berliner took part in a lengthy debate over whether NPR should defer to language proposed by the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association while covering the conflict in Gaza.

“We don’t need to rely on an advocacy group’s guidance,” Mr. Berliner wrote, according to a copy of the email exchange viewed by The Times. “Our job is to seek out the facts and report them.” The debate didn’t change NPR’s language guidance, which is made by editors who weren’t part of the discussion. And in a statement on Thursday, the Arab and Middle Eastern Journalists Association said it is a professional association for journalists, not a political advocacy group.

Mr. Berliner’s public criticism has highlighted broader concerns within NPR about the public broadcaster’s mission amid continued financial struggles. Last year, NPR cut 10 percent of its staff and canceled four podcasts, including the popular “Invisibilia,” as it tried to make up for a $30 million budget shortfall. Listeners have drifted away from traditional radio to podcasts, and the advertising market has been unsteady.

In his essay, Mr. Berliner laid some of the blame at the feet of NPR’s former chief executive, John Lansing, who said he was retiring at the end of last year after four years in the role. He was replaced by Ms. Maher, who started on March 25.

During a meeting with employees in her first week, Ms. Maher was asked what she thought about decisions to give a platform to political figures like Ronna McDaniel, the former Republican Party chair whose position as a political analyst at NBC News became untenable after an on-air revolt from hosts who criticized her efforts to undermine the 2020 election.

“I think that this conversation has been one that does not have an easy answer,” Ms. Maher responded.

Benjamin Mullin reports on the major companies behind news and entertainment. Contact Ben securely on Signal at +1 530-961-3223 or email at [email protected] . More about Benjamin Mullin

Katie Robertson covers the media industry for The Times. Email: [email protected] More about Katie Robertson

Senior NPR editor resigns after accusing outlet of liberal bias

An editor for National Public Radio resigned Wednesday just days after he inflamed the ongoing culture war about mainstream media with an essay about what he considers the news outlet’s liberal leanings.

Uri Berliner, who was a senior business editor, wrote an essay for the right-leaning online publication The Free Press in which he said he believes NPR is losing the public’s trust.

NPR, a nonprofit radio network, has an “absence of viewpoint diversity,” he wrote in the essay, which was published April 9. It “has always had a liberal bent,” but now an “open-minded spirit no longer exists within NPR,” he wrote.

The essay triggered a wave of scrutiny of NPR from conservatives, some of whom responded to it with calls to defund the news organization, which receives federal funding through the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. NPR says on its website that federal funding is “essential” to NPR but that “less than 1% of NPR’s annual operating budget comes in the form of grants from CPB and federal agencies and departments.”

In a resignation statement on X, Berliner briefly elaborated on the reason for his departure, which came days after NPR reported that it had suspended him for five days without pay following the op-ed’s release.

NPR’s chief business editor, Pallavi Gogoi, had told Berliner about its requirement to secure approval before he appeared in outside media, according to NPR’s report.

“I don’t support calls to defund NPR,” Berliner wrote. “I respect the integrity of my colleagues and wish for NPR to thrive and do important journalism. But I cannot work in a newsroom where I am disparaged by a new CEO whose divisive views confirm the very problems at NPR I cite in my Free Press essay.”

Berliner did not immediately respond to a request for comment Wednesday. A representative for NPR said it “does not comment on individual personnel matters.”

Berliner’s essay gained traction on X, with many conservatives homing in on his thoughts about NPR’s political makeup. He wrote: “In D.C., where NPR is headquartered and many of us live, I found 87 registered Democrats working in editorial positions and zero Republicans. None.”

He also criticized NPR’s coverage, or lack thereof, of certain stories, such as the Mueller report, Hunter Biden’s laptop, the origins of Covid-19 and systemic racism following the murder of George Floyd.

High-profile supporters of Berliner’s essay, including former President Donald Trump and X owner Elon Musk, shared criticism of NPR and its CEO, Katherine Maher.

“NO MORE FUNDING FOR NPR, A TOTAL SCAM! EDITOR SAID THEY HAVE NO REPUBLICANS, AND IS ONLY USED TO ‘DAMAGE TRUMP.’ THEY ARE A LIBERAL DISINFORMATION MACHINE. NOT ONE DOLLAR!!!” Trump wrote on Truth Social on April 10.

Musk wrote on X that the “head of NPR hates the Constitution of the USA” in response to a clip of Maher discussing the challenges in fighting disinformation and honoring the First Amendment right to free speech.

Meanwhile, some journalists at NPR pushed back against Berliner’s accusations.

“Morning Edition” co-host Steve Inskeep shared his take in a post on his Substack newsletter , saying he believes Berliner failed to “engage anyone who had a different point of view.”

“Having been asked, I answered: my colleague’s article was filled with errors and omissions,” he wrote, adding, “The errors do make NPR look bad, because it’s embarrassing that an NPR journalist would make so many.”

NPR’s chief news executive, Edith Chapin, also denied Berliner’s assessment of the newsroom in a memo to staff members, according to NPR .

“We’re proud to stand behind the exceptional work that our desks and shows do to cover a wide range of challenging stories,” she wrote. “We believe that inclusion — among our staff, with our sourcing, and in our overall coverage — is critical to telling the nuanced stories of this country and our world.”

Maher also said Monday in a statement to NPR : “In America everyone is entitled to free speech as a private citizen. What matters is NPR’s work and my commitment as its CEO: public service, editorial independence, and the mission to serve all of the American public. NPR is independent, beholden to no party, and without commercial interests.”

Daysia Tolentino is a culture and trends reporter for NBC News.

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NPR defends its journalism after senior editor says it has lost the public's trust

David Folkenflik

NPR is defending its journalism and integrity after a senior editor wrote an essay accusing it of losing the public's trust. Saul Loeb/AFP via Getty Images hide caption

NPR is defending its journalism and integrity after a senior editor wrote an essay accusing it of losing the public's trust.

NPR's top news executive defended its journalism and its commitment to reflecting a diverse array of views on Tuesday after a senior NPR editor wrote a broad critique of how the network has covered some of the most important stories of the age.

"An open-minded spirit no longer exists within NPR, and now, predictably, we don't have an audience that reflects America," writes Uri Berliner.

A strategic emphasis on diversity and inclusion on the basis of race, ethnicity and sexual orientation, promoted by NPR's former CEO, John Lansing, has fed "the absence of viewpoint diversity," Berliner writes.

NPR's chief news executive, Edith Chapin, wrote in a memo to staff Tuesday afternoon that she and the news leadership team strongly reject Berliner's assessment.

"We're proud to stand behind the exceptional work that our desks and shows do to cover a wide range of challenging stories," she wrote. "We believe that inclusion — among our staff, with our sourcing, and in our overall coverage — is critical to telling the nuanced stories of this country and our world."

NPR names tech executive Katherine Maher to lead in turbulent era

She added, "None of our work is above scrutiny or critique. We must have vigorous discussions in the newsroom about how we serve the public as a whole."

A spokesperson for NPR said Chapin, who also serves as the network's chief content officer, would have no further comment.

Praised by NPR's critics

Berliner is a senior editor on NPR's Business Desk. (Disclosure: I, too, am part of the Business Desk, and Berliner has edited many of my past stories. He did not see any version of this article or participate in its preparation before it was posted publicly.)

Berliner's essay , titled "I've Been at NPR for 25 years. Here's How We Lost America's Trust," was published by The Free Press, a website that has welcomed journalists who have concluded that mainstream news outlets have become reflexively liberal.

Berliner writes that as a Subaru-driving, Sarah Lawrence College graduate who "was raised by a lesbian peace activist mother ," he fits the mold of a loyal NPR fan.

Yet Berliner says NPR's news coverage has fallen short on some of the most controversial stories of recent years, from the question of whether former President Donald Trump colluded with Russia in the 2016 election, to the origins of the virus that causes COVID-19, to the significance and provenance of emails leaked from a laptop owned by Hunter Biden weeks before the 2020 election. In addition, he blasted NPR's coverage of the Israel-Hamas conflict.

On each of these stories, Berliner asserts, NPR has suffered from groupthink due to too little diversity of viewpoints in the newsroom.

The essay ricocheted Tuesday around conservative media , with some labeling Berliner a whistleblower . Others picked it up on social media, including Elon Musk, who has lambasted NPR for leaving his social media site, X. (Musk emailed another NPR reporter a link to Berliner's article with a gibe that the reporter was a "quisling" — a World War II reference to someone who collaborates with the enemy.)

When asked for further comment late Tuesday, Berliner declined, saying the essay spoke for itself.

The arguments he raises — and counters — have percolated across U.S. newsrooms in recent years. The #MeToo sexual harassment scandals of 2016 and 2017 forced newsrooms to listen to and heed more junior colleagues. The social justice movement prompted by the killing of George Floyd in 2020 inspired a reckoning in many places. Newsroom leaders often appeared to stand on shaky ground.

Leaders at many newsrooms, including top editors at The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times , lost their jobs. Legendary Washington Post Executive Editor Martin Baron wrote in his memoir that he feared his bonds with the staff were "frayed beyond repair," especially over the degree of self-expression his journalists expected to exert on social media, before he decided to step down in early 2021.

Since then, Baron and others — including leaders of some of these newsrooms — have suggested that the pendulum has swung too far.

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New York Times publisher A.G. Sulzberger warned last year against journalists embracing a stance of what he calls "one-side-ism": "where journalists are demonstrating that they're on the side of the righteous."

"I really think that that can create blind spots and echo chambers," he said.

Internal arguments at The Times over the strength of its reporting on accusations that Hamas engaged in sexual assaults as part of a strategy for its Oct. 7 attack on Israel erupted publicly . The paper conducted an investigation to determine the source of a leak over a planned episode of the paper's podcast The Daily on the subject, which months later has not been released. The newsroom guild accused the paper of "targeted interrogation" of journalists of Middle Eastern descent.

Heated pushback in NPR's newsroom

Given Berliner's account of private conversations, several NPR journalists question whether they can now trust him with unguarded assessments about stories in real time. Others express frustration that he had not sought out comment in advance of publication. Berliner acknowledged to me that for this story, he did not seek NPR's approval to publish the piece, nor did he give the network advance notice.

Some of Berliner's NPR colleagues are responding heatedly. Fernando Alfonso, a senior supervising editor for digital news, wrote that he wholeheartedly rejected Berliner's critique of the coverage of the Israel-Hamas conflict, for which NPR's journalists, like their peers, periodically put themselves at risk.

Alfonso also took issue with Berliner's concern over the focus on diversity at NPR.

"As a person of color who has often worked in newsrooms with little to no people who look like me, the efforts NPR has made to diversify its workforce and its sources are unique and appropriate given the news industry's long-standing lack of diversity," Alfonso says. "These efforts should be celebrated and not denigrated as Uri has done."

After this story was first published, Berliner contested Alfonso's characterization, saying his criticism of NPR is about the lack of diversity of viewpoints, not its diversity itself.

"I never criticized NPR's priority of achieving a more diverse workforce in terms of race, ethnicity and sexual orientation. I have not 'denigrated' NPR's newsroom diversity goals," Berliner said. "That's wrong."

Questions of diversity

Under former CEO John Lansing, NPR made increasing diversity, both of its staff and its audience, its "North Star" mission. Berliner says in the essay that NPR failed to consider broader diversity of viewpoint, noting, "In D.C., where NPR is headquartered and many of us live, I found 87 registered Democrats working in editorial positions and zero Republicans."

Berliner cited audience estimates that suggested a concurrent falloff in listening by Republicans. (The number of people listening to NPR broadcasts and terrestrial radio broadly has declined since the start of the pandemic.)

Former NPR vice president for news and ombudsman Jeffrey Dvorkin tweeted , "I know Uri. He's not wrong."

Others questioned Berliner's logic. "This probably gets causality somewhat backward," tweeted Semafor Washington editor Jordan Weissmann . "I'd guess that a lot of NPR listeners who voted for [Mitt] Romney have changed how they identify politically."

Similarly, Nieman Lab founder Joshua Benton suggested the rise of Trump alienated many NPR-appreciating Republicans from the GOP.

In recent years, NPR has greatly enhanced the percentage of people of color in its workforce and its executive ranks. Four out of 10 staffers are people of color; nearly half of NPR's leadership team identifies as Black, Asian or Latino.

"The philosophy is: Do you want to serve all of America and make sure it sounds like all of America, or not?" Lansing, who stepped down last month, says in response to Berliner's piece. "I'd welcome the argument against that."

"On radio, we were really lagging in our representation of an audience that makes us look like what America looks like today," Lansing says. The U.S. looks and sounds a lot different than it did in 1971, when NPR's first show was broadcast, Lansing says.

A network spokesperson says new NPR CEO Katherine Maher supports Chapin and her response to Berliner's critique.

The spokesperson says that Maher "believes that it's a healthy thing for a public service newsroom to engage in rigorous consideration of the needs of our audiences, including where we serve our mission well and where we can serve it better."

Disclosure: This story was reported and written by NPR Media Correspondent David Folkenflik and edited by Deputy Business Editor Emily Kopp and Managing Editor Gerry Holmes. Under NPR's protocol for reporting on itself, no NPR corporate official or news executive reviewed this story before it was posted publicly.

NPR suspends senior editor Uri Berliner after essay accusing outlet of liberal bias

Npr suspended senior editor uri berliner a week after he authored an online essay accusing the outlet of allowing liberal bias in its coverage..

NPR has suspended a senior editor who authored an essay published last week on an online news site in which he argued that the network had "lost America's trust" because of a liberal bias in its coverage, the outlet reported.

Uri Berliner was suspended Friday for five days without pay, NPR reported Tuesday . The revelation came exactly a week after Berliner publicly claimed in an essay for The Free Press, an online news publication, that NPR had allowed a "liberal bent" to influence its coverage, causing the outlet to steadily lose credibility with audiences.

The essay reignited the criticism that many prominent conservatives have long leveled against NPR and prompted newsroom leadership to implement monthly internal reviews of the network's coverage, NPR reported. Berliner's essay also angered many of his colleagues and exposed NPR's new chief executive Katherine Maher to a string of attacks from conservatives over her past social media posts.

In a statement Monday to NPR, Maher refuted Berliner's claims by underscoring NPR's commitment to objective coverage of national issues.

"In America everyone is entitled to free speech as a private citizen," Maher said. "What matters is NPR's work and my commitment as its CEO: public service, editorial independence, and the mission to serve all of the American public. NPR is independent, beholden to no party, and without commercial interests."

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Berliner rails against NPR's coverage of COVID-19, diversity efforts

Berliner, a senior business editor who has worked at NPR for 25 years, argued in the Free Press essay that “people at every level of NPR have comfortably coalesced around the progressive worldview.”

While he claimed that NPR has always had a "liberal bent" ever since he was hired at the outlet, he wrote that it has since lost its "open-minded spirit," and, hence, "an audience that reflects America."

The Peabody Award-winning journalist highlighted what he viewed as examples of the network's partisan coverage of several major news events, including the origins of COVID-19 and the war in Gaza . Berliner also lambasted NPR's diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) policies – as reflected both within its newsroom and in its coverage – as making race and identity "paramount in nearly every aspect of the workplace.”

"All this reflected a broader movement in the culture of people clustering together based on ideology or a characteristic of birth," he wrote.

Uri Berliner's essay fuels conservative attacks on NPR

In response to the essay, many prominent conservatives and Republicans, including former President Donald Trump, launched renewed attacks at NPR for what they perceive as partisan coverage.

Conservative activist Christopher Rufo in particular targeted Maher for messages she posted to social media years before joining the network – her first at a news organization . Among the posts singled out were a 2020 tweet that called Trump racist .

Trump reiterated on his social media platform, Truth Social, his longstanding argument that NPR’s government funding should be rescinded.

NPR issues formal rebuke to Berliner

Berliner provided an NPR reporter with a copy of the formal rebuke for review in which the organization told the editor he had not been approved to write for other news outlets, as is required of NPR journalists.

NPR also said he publicly released confidential proprietary information about audience demographics, the outlet reported.

Leadership said the letter was a "final warning" for Berliner, who would be fired for future violations of NPR's policies, according to NPR's reporting. Berliner, who is a dues-paying member of NPR's newsroom union, told the NPR reporter that he is not appealing the punishment.

A spokeswoman for NPR said the outlet declined to comment on Berliner's essay or the news of his suspension when reached Tuesday by USA TODAY.

"NPR does not comment on individual personnel matters, including discipline," according to the statement. "We expect all of our employees to comply with NPR policies and procedures, which for our editorial staff includes the NPR Ethics Handbook ."

NPR staffer express dismay; leadership puts coverage reviews in place

According to the NPR article, Berliner's essay also invoked the ire of many of his colleagues and the reporters whose stories he would be responsible for editing.

"Newsrooms run on trust," NPR political correspondent Danielle Kurtzleben said in a post last week on social media site X, though he didn't mention Berliner by name. "If you violate everyone's trust by going to another outlet and [expletive] on your colleagues (while doing a bad job journalistically, for that matter), I don't know how you do your job now."

Amid the fallout, NPR reported that NPR's chief news executive Edith Chapin announced to the newsroom late Monday afternoon that Executive Editor Eva Rodriguez would lead monthly meetings to review coverage.

Berliner expressed no regrets about publishing the essay in an interview with NPR, adding that he tried repeatedly to make his concerns over NPR's coverage known to news leaders.

"I love NPR and feel it's a national trust," Berliner says. "We have great journalists here. If they shed their opinions and did the great journalism they're capable of, this would be a much more interesting and fulfilling organization for our listeners."

Eric Lagatta covers breaking and trending news for USA TODAY. Reach him at [email protected]

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The Real Story Behind NPR’s Current Problems

Yes, the broadcaster is a mess. but “wokeness” isn’t the issue..

NPR, the great bastion of old-school audio journalism, is a mess. But as someone who loves NPR, built my career there, and once aspired to stay forever, I say with sadness that it has been for a long time.

This might be news to those who tune out the circular firing squad of institutional media whiners. But my former NPR colleague Uri Berliner, one of the organization’s (as of now) senior editors, set off a firestorm by publishing a commentary that essentially blamed “wokeness” and Democratic partisanship for the apparent loss of confidence in the once-unimpeachable institution. (This morning, news broke that Uri has been suspended by NPR for violating a policy about “outside work,” and informed that he’d be fired for any more infractions.) The essay, published by Bari Weiss’ the Free Press, blew up certain corners of X and various Facebook feeds, and was gleefully lapped up by conservatives who’ve been fighting to defund NPR and public broadcasting for a generation.

It was a longtime fear at NPR that some scandal or mess that the network had hoped to contain within its headquarters, lovingly referred to as the “mother ship” by nippers and ex-nippers everywhere, would find its way to the outside world, where the organization’s very real, powerful enemies could exploit it. In fact, this is happening right now; Christopher Rufo, a conservative writer and fellow at the Manhattan Institute, has launched a campaign against NPR’s new CEO Katherine Maher, accusing her of liberal bias based on old tweets. Those kinds of threats reinforce an in-the-trenches camaraderie at NPR. It has also been used to quash internal criticism. I guess Uri’s piece proves that that strategy doesn’t work anymore.

Uri started at NPR in 1999. I started in 1997 in the audience research department as an administrative assistant. Because I was what we called “a back-seat baby,” someone who’d grown up being force-fed a steady diet of NPR from car radios and in the home by crunchy granola parents, I had spent the past several months before my college graduation searching the organization’s rudimentary website, desperate to find anything that I was qualified to do. A year later, I maneuvered into the news division as the editorial assistant to senior correspondent Daniel Schorr and one of the “Murrow Boys,” protégés of CBS Radio legend and Good Night, and Good Luck hero Edward R. Murrow.

After a stint at Salon from 1999 to 2001, I landed back at NPR. Everyone did. It was an institutional joke that people who left for other jobs would find their way back, because the place was irresistible. And it kind of was. So many people there were/are brilliant, kind, funny, interesting, and dedicated to public service. Aside from my family, I found most of the people I like, love, and care about while I was working at NPR.

So when Uri’s piece started popping up on my timeline last week, it felt like hearing a loud, ugly family argument break out in the room next door: I wanted to pretend as if it weren’t happening; I wanted people to shut up. But if they were going to shout, I at least wanted them to tell the whole story.

And that story is that NPR has been both a beacon of thoughtful, engaging, and fair journalism for decades, and a rickety organizational shit show for almost as long. If former CEO John Lansing—the big bad of Uri’s piece—failed to fix it, or somehow made it worse, that’s a failure he shared with almost every NPR leader before him. But if, as Uri charges (albeit in a negative way), Lansing genuinely managed to break the network loose from the grasp of self-righteous white liberal identity politics, even in an imperfect way, that would surprise the hell out of me. Especially given the well-reported exodus of top journalists of color, and the loss of a diverse group of journalists during last year’s podcast layoffs .

It did take a kind of courage for Uri to publicly criticize the organization. But it also took a lot of the wrong type of nerve. His argument is a demonstration of contemporary journalism at its worst, in which inconvenient facts and obvious questions were ignored, and the facts that could be shaped to serve the preferred argument were inflated in importance.

Take a step into the way-back machine to 2011, Uri’s so-called golden age. That’s the year when senior members of the development team fell for a scam set up by professional provocateur James O’Keefe . The aftermath took them out and toppled then–CEO and President Vivian Schiller. It came months after the ill-timed, clumsy firing of Juan Williams , which led to senior vice president of news Ellen Weiss resigning under pressure .

Uri also leapfrogs over a long list of contemporary fuckups and questionable calls that could explain the growing public distrust that concerns him. There were questions about NPR legal affairs correspondent Nina Totenberg’s personal relationship with Ruth Bader Ginsburg compromising her reporting ; the departure of news chief Mike Oreskes , and other prominent men in the newsroom‚ after a wave of sexual harassment charges; the exposure of systematic exploitation of NPR’s temporary workforce . And those are just the public problems.

Behind the scenes and stretching back into the “golden age,” there were major strategic errors that seriously damaged the network’s prospects. The founding producer of The Daily at the New York Times was Theo Balcomb, a senior producer at All Things Considered who couldn’t get enough support to launch a morning news podcast inside NPR. There was the “Flat is the new growth” mantra that reigned for a few years after the network decided that a multimedia future meant shrugging off softness in listener numbers for core shows. Then there was the time in the late aughts when leadership decided that podcasting wasn’t going to amount to much, and so pumped the brakes on early efforts. Though the failure of imagination started earlier; the first big blunder I saw was in the late 1990s, when the network failed to lock in a deal with a little show called This American Life .

Uri’s account of the deliberate effort to undermine Trump up to and after his election is also bewilderingly incomplete, inaccurate, and skewed. For most of 2016, many NPR journalists warned newsroom leadership that we weren’t taking Trump and the possibility of his winning seriously enough. But top editors dismissed the chance of a Trump win repeatedly, declaring that Americans would be revolted by this or that outrageous thing he’d said or done. I remember one editorial meeting where a white newsroom leader said that Trump’s strong poll numbers wouldn’t survive his being exposed as a racist. When a journalist of color asked whether his numbers could be rising because of his racism, the comment was met with silence. In another meeting, I and a couple of other editorial leaders were encouraged to make sure that any coverage of a Trump lie was matched with a story about a lie from Hillary Clinton. Another colleague asked what to do if one candidate just lied more than the other. Another silent response.

I left NPR in the early fall of 2016, but when I came back to work on Morning Edition about a year later, I saw NO trace of the anti-Trump editorial machine that Uri references. On the contrary, people were at pains to find a way to cover Trump’s voters and his administration fairly. We went full-bore on “diner guy in a trucker hat” coverage and adopted the “alt-right” label to describe people who could accurately be called racists. The network had a reflexive need to stay on good terms with people in power, and journalists who had contacts within the administration were encouraged to pursue those bookings.

We regularly set up live interviews with Republican officials and Trump surrogates. But it was tough because NPR always loved guests who would be insightful, honest, and—perhaps above all—polite. There were plenty of people who’d for years fit that description across the partisan divide in official Washington, but they were scarce in the Trump administration. We changed the format of live political interviews, adding what we called a “level-set.” That would be three-ish minutes after a conversation with a political operative or elected official when a host and NPR reporter would try to fact-check what had just been said.

Maybe the biggest head-scratcher for me in Uri’s argument is how it frames the lack of pursuit of the Hunter Biden laptop story as driven exclusively by politics. Uri said there was no follow-through because “the timeless journalistic instinct of following a hot story lead was being squelched.” In fairness, I left NPR for good in the spring of 2020, so I wasn’t there for this story arc. And the inappropriate statement, from a loose-lipped editor, that “it was good we weren’t following the laptop story because it could help Trump” sounds on-brand. But that killer instinct was regularly beat out of NPR journalists, regardless of the political mood or the president.

People pitched good stories in our meetings all the time that were dismissed as insubstantial, or not interesting, or not important enough, only for them to appear days or weeks later in the New York Times or the Washington Post. And only then , NPR leaders would want reporters to jump on it.

There were several reasons why good pitches died. The pitcher wasn’t high enough in the editorial landscape to be taken seriously. The resources were scarce because we were top-heavy and spread thin, trying to cover the country and the world, far beyond electoral politics. We didn’t have enough reporters or the right reporters on whatever beat to cover the story properly. Correspondents, reporters, and desks could be very territorial, and if this one specific reporter wasn’t able to do a story—because they were covering something else, or on leave, or didn’t feel like it—the piece frequently died. If reporting on an issue or story had already been done by an NPR reporter, a pitch could get smothered. That’s even if the original story had been years ago and the facts had changed, because pursuing an update of an old story was frequently framed as some kind of insult to the reporter who’d done it before. Many sharp ideas just hit a wall of silence.

And to be fair, some of that did seem politically motivated, before and after Trump was elected. I remember resistance to covering the violent MS-13 gang after it became a major talking point in Trump’s anti-immigrant rhetoric—even though the gang was active and murdering people in communities around the D.C. metropolitan area, close to NPR’s headquarters, and just miles from where many staffers lived. I think a lot of critics would consider that “wokeness”: pussyfooting around an issue because it might offend people of color. I saw it as low-key racial bias, because MS-13’s victims were mostly poor Central American immigrants, the kind of people we didn’t think our affluent white listenership would pay attention to.

Race has long been one of those third-rail issues in NPR’s coverage. I was part of the Code Switch team, beginning in August 2014, around the time that Michael Brown was killed in Ferguson. The Code Switch unit had been birthed in one of those fits of diversity enthusiasm that have dotted the organization’s timeline from my first years there. The unit started in 2013, in the age of Obama, and focused mainly on blogging about race and the intersection with culture. But that changed when the network shut down Tell Me More with Michel Martin, a show that made covering race a priority, and one that I worked on from its first weeks until the bitter end. Code Switch stepped into the gap, with strong but soul-crushing coverage of police brutality , racist violence , protests, and civil unrest .

NPR did excellent work in covering those stories, including Michel—who is a mentor and dear friend to me—leading a community forum from Missouri, and great investigative reporting on a culture of corruption in Ferguson that led to overpolicing of Black residents.

Some listeners rightly pointed out that police killed white people too, and often under shady circumstances. When I suggested that we pursue it as a story, I got crickets. When video emerged of a cop shooting white teenager Zachary Hammond during a drug sting operation, I couldn’t get our leadership to green-light reporting on it. Code Switch was the only unit that went to air with something on Hammond’s death. I think that’s because it would have complicated—or acknowledged the complication—of a story where we could smugly position ourselves as on the “right” side.

And that’s what the core editorial problem at NPR is and, frankly, has long been: an abundance of caution that often crossed the border to cowardice. NPR culture encouraged an editorial fixation on finding the exact middle point of the elite political and social thought, planting a flag there, and calling it objectivity. That would more than explain the lack of follow-up on Hunter Biden’s laptop and the lab-leak theory, going full white guilt after George Floyd’s murder, and shifting to indignant white impatience with racial justice now.

Layers of complex relationships made genuine editorial criticism hazardous at NPR. Even in an industry in which office romances happen a lot, NPR has been exceptional, boasting dozens of “met and married” couples. And that doesn’t cover all the quiet couples, besties, and other personal entanglements. All this means that if you criticized someone’s editorial decisions in a meeting, their best friend, sweetheart, or ex might be glowering at you from across the table. Even a mild critique could be met with: You know John’s been having a hard time because his dad just died/wife just left him/kid is having problems. Give him a break. Lots of people who were in relationships with colleagues kept it out of their work, but enough did not that it contributed to a culture where whisper networks replaced open discussion.

Given all that, I have to acknowledge that I understand how Uri could’ve been honestly mistaken in reaching some of his conclusions. Another chronic organizational struggle at NPR is stove-piping. Your experience could be completely different from that of someone working right across the hall from you, depending on the team you worked with and the meetings you went to. I was lucky, and (mostly) played my cards right during my years there. I landed with great groups of journalists who nurtured my talents and helped me address my flaws. I loved the place and for years defended it from charges of bias, even when my friends were victims of it. I completely bought the “bad apples” version of NPR’s long-standing issues with racism and sexism.

I leaned on the positive, and the belief that NPR was great and could be better. So I was a part of a lot of the “Let’s make this diversity thing work” efforts that rankled Uri. I remember leading one session he attended, when he spoke out to insist that NPR’s diversity problem had a lot to do with issues beyond race, like class, region, education, and political perspective. He was right, and I told him so.

But maybe the stove-piping meant that Uri didn’t see the pattern in those efforts that started wearing my spirit down. Some big news in the world or an internal failure would spark a wave of carefully stage-managed soul-searching from leadership, and ad hoc committees of well-intentioned volunteers would be assembled to write lists of recommendations. Then those recommendations would be politely received, filed away, and forgotten. And two or three years later, some new crisis would start the cycle all over again. In my experience, those multihyphenate identity groups or task forces were disproportionately full of junior staffers. Because many veterans—except for true-believing tryhards like me—understood that they were a waste of time.

One of the moments that sealed my decision to leave NPR was a conversation with my colleague and friend Keith Woods , NPR’s chief diversity officer. I was struck by a profound sense of déjà vu, not just about the stubborn challenge of diversifying NPR’s coverage. I felt that he and I were repeating—word for word, beat for beat—a discussion about source diversity that we’d had in the exact same room years before.

By that time, my rose-colored glasses and NPR-fueled sense of my own superior powers of understanding had already taken a severe beating. I had thought highly of all the men who were later felled by the sexual harassment scandal and had unwittingly recommended some of them as mentors to young journalists. I discovered that Mike Oreskes—someone whom I trusted and who was critical in helping me get back into NPR in 2017—had even harassed one of the women I encouraged to seek him out for career advice. I was stunned in the management-level meetings and conversations where harassment victims were disparaged as troublemakers, and harassers who were still with the company were protected.

I so loved the version of NPR that I had experienced and had amplified in my imagination that I was slow to see the cruelty being done to people I worked with and cared about. Because of my reputation in the system, I had become a magnet for young public radio journalists across the country who wanted to share their stories of being sexually or racially harassed, underpaid, or bullied, and ask for my advice. I lost track of how many of these calls I got, or how many discreet coffeehouse chats revealed a new story of abuse. I remember at least three people who told me some version of “It’s OK. I don’t think about killing myself anymore.” For what it’s worth, two of those were young white journalists. When I reached out to talk with a wise NPR connected elder about it, her advice was to stop taking those calls. Pretend that I didn’t know the facts, because they challenged the narrative about who we were, and how my hubris had contributed to it.

I guess that’s why I think Uri is most wrong about NPR’s relationship with the rest of the country. It’s a very accurate reflection of America right now, a place where people won’t admit that good intentions don’t always yield good results, and would rather hide behind the myth of its excellence than do the hard work of making it a reality. I sincerely hope there’s still time to turn it around.

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