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An introduction to scientific research methods in geography

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Research Methods and Techniques in Physical Geography

First Online: 02 September 2022

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Virendra Nagarale 2 ,
Subhash Anand 3 &
Piyush Telang 4

Part of the book series: Geography of the Physical Environment ((GEOPHY))

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Scientific research uses a variety of tools and techniques and methods to explain the reasons for the problems and find out the solutions to them, proven to be scientific, i.e., there should be an adorable basis that may explain the solutions to the identified problem. It is, therefore, necessary for each research to stand alone in the field of research and to prove the fact that the research is new and there is no knowledge about it before the humans or it is not available in the literature. Hence each research is unique and it is considered to be unique on the basis of methods and techniques used for finding a solution to a problem. Geographers are more concerned about the spatial arrangements of a phenomenon, its pattern and geographical distribution. The contemporary physical and human spaces, their past arrangements and patterns are documented, and methods and models they have used before are explained to predict different aspects of the physical human world. After the twentieth century, new technologies have emerged which have made a remarkable contribution to the development of new methods in geography helpful in the collection of data and analysis. One of the major innovations is the use of GIS in geographical studies to emphasize mapping as a tool for exploratory research in geography. This chapter provides a structured pattern of research methods used deliberately in physical geography. It also discusses various case studies in accordance with some research methods.

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Department of Geography, SNDT Women’s University, Pune Campus, Karve Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 038, India

Virendra Nagarale

Department of Geography, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110 007, India

Subhash Anand

Department of Geography, SNDT Women’s University, Pune Campus, Karve Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411038, India

Piyush Telang

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Correspondence to Virendra Nagarale .

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Department of Geography, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Firuza Begham Mustafa

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Nagarale, V., Anand, S., Telang, P. (2022). Research Methods and Techniques in Physical Geography. In: Mustafa, F.B. (eds) Methodological Approaches in Physical Geography. Geography of the Physical Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07113-3_7

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07113-3_7

Published : 02 September 2022

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Print ISBN : 978-3-031-07112-6

Online ISBN : 978-3-031-07113-3

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An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies

Daniel Montello - University of California, Santa Barbara, USA
Paul Sutton - University of Denver, Colorado
Description
Author(s) / Editor(s)

This revised, updated, and extended Second Edition of An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies provides a broad and integrative introduction to the conduct and interpretation of scientific research in geography. It explains both, the conceptual and the technical aspects of research, as well as all phases of the research process. The text continues to be inclusive: combining approaches in physical geography, human geography, and techniques (such as GIS, cartography, and remote sensing). As in the previous edition, the authors use a framework - of a natural and social scientific approach - common to all subjects in geography.

In this edition new material is included on "Computational Modeling", as well as more information about GPS and map projections, as well as an expanded chapter on Scientific Communication to present more guidance on writing a literature review. Each chapter has a short case study of actual research projects in order to demonstrate the breadth of approaches taken in scientific research in geography. Fully updated, including references and further readings, the text includes links to relevant web sites.

Montello and Sutton is one of the best texts I've used in seminars on research methodology. The text offers a clear balance of quantitative vs. qualitative and physical vs. human which I've found particularly valuable. The chapters on research ethics, scientific communication, information technologies and data visualization are excellent. Unlike many recent surveys and anthologies of geographic methodologies, Montello and Sutton provide a comprehensive and integrated overview which will continue to be of value across the entire discipline Kenneth E. Foote Department of Geography, University of Colorado at Boulder

This second edition of An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies now ranks itself in the category of “books with experience”, that is, it can be situated among these few noted books that have probably been used in many classes through the years. While advanced undergraduates in geography and natural sciences would obviously benefit from this reading at the condition of being combined with other related titles, other students in the broader field of environmental studies might also learn from the authors’ interdisciplinary approach.

Handbook for students doing geographical research

This book is a good handbook for geography students planning and carrying their own research projects. I would recommend this book as supplementary reading for methodology courses at university level geography teaching.

Unfortunately, differences and improvements from the first edition are not significant. Authors have only organized chapters to new order and they have corrected some minor errors. Authors have also added a new feature (Project examples). That might be useful for geography students so that they can get a clear picture of applicability of single research method.

This book and its topics are important for geography course dealing with research methodology and own research projects, but improvements for the first edition are not big enough. Therefore, we are continuing to use the first edition instead of the new second edition.

An Introduction to Scientific Research Methods in Geography is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students, because the authors provide a comprehensive overview of different types of research methods used in geography. The book provides an excellent overview on research methods, such as data collection, experimental and non-experimental research design, statistical data analysis and data display. A really useful textbook.

I found Montello and Sutton to be a good choice for introducing master's students to the issues in research design that all researchers face, regardless of whether they are biological, physical, and social scientists. The goal of my course is to make students aware of the questions they need to ask and the range of options available to them in designing their research, not to make them expert in any particular method or approach. This text works better than any others I found for achieving that goal with a multi-/interdisciplinary course.

Very comprehensive approach to environmental research methods.

A comprehensive book for students with useful elements for environmental archaeology.

This is a student-friendly book, which provides a comprehensive overview of the methods and approaches in Geographical research.

Useful for public service related research topics - Public service geographic and environmental projects

Scientific Research Methods in Geography and Environmental Studies covers a broad range of subjects that undergraduates in the discipline should be familiar and comfortable with upon graduation. From chapters on the scientific method and fundamental research concepts, to experimental design, sampling and statistical analysis, the text offers an excellent introduction to the key concepts of geographical research. The content is applicable for students at the beginning of their studies right through to planning and conducting dissertations. The book has also been of particular support in designing my level 1 and 2 tutorials which cover similar ground to several of the chapters.

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Sample materials & chapters, daniel r. montello.

Daniel Montello is Professor of Geography at the University of California, CA. More About Author

Paul Sutton

I grew up in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles, California (Laurel Canyon) during the 1960's. The movie 'Soylent Green' and the chest pain I experienced with deep breaths during smog alerts had a significant impact on me and my nascent perception of the Human-Environment-Sustainability problematic. I later moved to Santa Barbara during my High School years and was deeply influenced by the works of Rachel Carson, Paul Ehrlich, and Garrett Hardin. Needless to say my early childhood experiences primed me to be significantly influenced by apocalyptic movies and neo-malthusian jeremiads.... More About Author

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