english language problems in the philippines thesis

English Language Education in the Philippines: Policies, Problems, and Prospects

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• Marilu Rañosa Madrunio 4 ,
• Isabel Pefianco Martin 5 &
• Sterling Miranda Plata 6  

Part of the book series: Language Policy ((LAPO,volume 11))

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The integration of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) in 2015, as well as the United Nation’s call for Education for All (EFA) by 2015, has pushed the Philippine government to revamp the country’s educational system. Such revamp involves a review of the effectiveness of English language education (ELE) in the country, which may be described as currently at a crossroads, as stakeholders strive to address issues of developing the English language competencies of Filipino students on the one hand, and the strengthening of academic achievement on the other. ELE in the Philippines, which began during the American colonial period in the nineteenth century, has been found wanting in significantly contributing to increased learning outcomes among Filipino students. ELE policies have been beset with issues of alignment and coherence in the areas of curriculum and assessment, as well as challenges in the implementation of genuine reform. In addition, ELE has been implemented at the expense of literacy in the mother tongues. This chapter provides an overview of how ELE in the Philippines is evolving – learning from past mistakes and preparing for the future. The chapter is divided into five major parts, namely, (1) overview of the Philippine educational system; (2) ELE from the American colonial period to Martial Law; (3) Bilingual education and educational reforms from 1974 to 2010; (4) Mother-tongue based multilingual education (MTBMLE) and the K to 12 reform; and (5) prospects and possibilities for ELE in the Philippines. In this chapter, we make a case for Philippine ELE that strives to address the demands of the international community, but also upholds local culture through the use of the mother tongues.

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Abbreviations

ASEAN Economic Community

ASEAN Framework of Reference for English Proficiency

Association of South East Asian Nations

Basic Education Curriculum

Bilingual Education Policy

Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda

Business Process Outsourcing

Common European Framework of Reference

Commission on Higher Education

Department of Education

Enhanced Basic Education Program

Congressional Commission on Education

Education for All

English Language Education

English Language Teaching

Executive Order

Higher Education Institution

Kindergarten to 12th Grade

First Language

Second Language

Third Language

Millennium Development Goals

Memorandum Order

Medium of Instruction

Mother-Tongue Based Multilingual Education

National Achievement Test

Overseas Filipino Workers

Presidential Commission for Educational Reform

Presidential Commission to Survey Philippine Education

Philippine Qualifications Framework

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Understanding by Design

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Madrunio, M.R., Martin, I.P., Plata, S.M. (2016). English Language Education in the Philippines: Policies, Problems, and Prospects. In: Kirkpatrick, R. (eds) English Language Education Policy in Asia. Language Policy, vol 11. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22464-0_11

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The English errors of Filipino students: a contrastive analysis

• Masters Thesis
• Aramburo, Salvacion Sabile
• Fresno State College. Department of Linguistics
• Arts and Humanities
• Brengelman, Fred
• Gammon, Edward
• Hopkins, Jerry
• Linguistics
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English Language Anxiety among College Students

• Louie Giray Colegio de Muntinlupa Sucat, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
• Ma. Angelica Alcala Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
• Jelomil Edem Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines
• Tracy Mauve Sabacajan Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Taguig City, Metro Manila, Philippines

Most Filipinos spend their time learning the English language in schools, given the mandate of the government. Hence, English is used as a medium of instruction in many higher education institutions in the Philippines. Despite its prevalence, many Filipinos, including college students, are still anxious when utilizing it in communication. In research undertakings, little is being discussed about this type of language anxiety in the Philippine context. To bridge this research gap, the aim of this study, hence, is to explore the English language anxiety among Filipino college students in state universities and colleges in Metro Manila, Philippines. Data were obtained from 37 college students through purposive sampling. Then, the data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged, namely: (1) lack of language skills, (2) personal insecurities, (3) judgment of others, and (4) negative influences on performance and being. Students are recommended to work on their problems related to English language skills and make ways to improve such as through practicing, listening open-mindedly to constructive criticism, and building self-esteem. College teachers, meanwhile, are advised to foster a psychologically safe atmosphere where mistakes are seen as a learning opportunity, refrain from using deprecating comments to students, and undertake planned and meaningful class sessions.

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Exploring the Challenges of English online Teaching in the Philippines

The Online English Teaching Industry is a continuously and rapidly growing industry in the Philippines. It's been more than a decade now since it started in the country. As observed, demand prospers, and voluminous foreign people with diverse culture show zealousness to acquire English skill competencies. Consequently, Online English teaching companies have mushroomed all over the nation. Alongside, there is inadequate number of teachers to meet the huge demand of the customers. This is due to the continuous decreasing rate of ESL teachers in the Philippines. Certainly, there are unexplored challenges that ESL teachers experience behind the aforementioned phenomena. In this paper, the researchers explored those reasons. This paper provides concrete data about the different challenges Online English teachers in the Philippines experience that adversely affect the overall performance of Online English Teachers in the Philippines as well as the English online teaching industry. These challenges are contributory to a counterproductive online learning process and learning outcome. Hence, the researchers explored the dominating challenges to come up with possible remediation and solutions to those challenges. According to the data gathered, Online English Teachers experience different categorical challenges at work. These include challenges with learners, class handling and technical aspect. In line with teaching the students, this research found that most of the teachers have difficulty with students having unclear pronunciations whereas, on the technical side, teachers experience heavy challenge due to the slow internet connection. When it comes to handling classes online; the result of the survey says, 20 out of 32 ESL teachers could hardly manage their time during the class which causes students' dissatisfaction that leads to complaints. Those are the major challenges of the online English teachers, but reading further, will show other prevailing issues that may enlarge our understanding about this career and this industry. The researchers also attempt to propose possible remediation and solution to these challenges. The researchers aim to create awareness among stakeholders not only the Online English Teaching industry but also the teachers, who are both currently serving and are about to serve in this industry.

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HIGHER EDUCATION LEARNERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS EMERGENCY ONLINE INSTRUCTION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CONTEXT OF TURKEY13

REZA VALIZADEH , Fatemeh Soltanpour

Mutiara Sirait

Atefeh Navarchi

Dr. S. Adnan Zafar

Devrim Yilmaz

Brett Milliner , Travis Cote

Prof. Hadiyanto, Ph.D Hadiyanto

Sustainability

harwati hashim

Rizdika Mardiana

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

Fatemeh Soltanpour

Dayananda Keppetigoda

Conference on Learning and Teaching

Aini Akmar Mohd Kasim

NEW PARADIGM OF BORDERLESS …

Fadzilah Siraj

Mohd Sallehhudin Abd Aziz

Dr Melor Md Yunus

Eric Hawkinson

zuraidah ali

Fuzirah Hashim

Theory and Practice in Language Studies

Nadzrah Abu Bakar

Isabel Alonso , María Fernández

NEW PARADIGM OF …

Nor Fazlin Mohd Ramli

Shaikhah Alyalak

Eric Hawkinson , Erin Noxon , Mehrasa Alizadeh

Mark B Ulla

Sebastian Heiduschke

Annas Hasmori

Neelam Narayan

Education and Information Technologies

Arthur Tatnall

Zhisheng Wen (Edward)

Journal of English as an International Language

HJALMAR P U N L A HERNANDEZ

Olena Tyron , Paula Rice

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New 2024-2025 faculty

Angie bautista-chavez      .

Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science 

As a scholar of American politics, Angie Bautista-Chavez examines the politics of migration, borders, bureaucracy, race, and citizenship. She is interested in the dynamic interplay between states and racialized migrants—at one level, how Latinx immigrants are regulated by and contend with the American state, and at another level, how the United States has expanded its regulatory reach beyond its borders. She is committed to creating more inclusive systems of knowledge production, as indicated by her research, teaching, and mentorship record. 

Maria Betto  

Assistant Professor, Department of Economics 

Maria Betto’s research interests are in microeconomic theory, with a particular focus on topics related to information economics and decision theory. 

Gira Bhabha     

Associate Research Professor, Department of Biology 

Gira Bhabha’s research focuses on the structural mechanisms and cell biology of microbes and their interactions with hosts. The lab uses integrative approaches including X-ray crystallography, cryo-electron microscopy, cryo-electron tomography, optical microscopy, biochemistry, microbiology, and cell biology techniques, to uncover the unique biology of eukaryotic and prokaryotic pathogens. 

Alessandra Corsi

Research Professor, William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy 

Alessandra Corsi’s research focuses on multi-messenger time-domain astronomy, with emphasis on relativistic radio transients and gravitational wave physics. She has vast experience with observations of astrophysical transients and follow-up of gravitational wave (GW) events and works on detection algorithms for GW data.  

Ross Doppelt

Senior Lecturer and Program Coordinator, Applied Economics (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Ross Doppelt teaches in the applied economics program, based out of the Washington, D.C., campus. As a macroeconomist, his primary research interests are labor markets and time series, and he has experience teaching classes in macro, micro, and econometrics. Doppelt has a PhD from New York University and a BA from the University of Chicago, both in economics. 

Damian Ekiert

Damian Ekiert is a microbiologist and biochemist whose research focuses on bacterial and parasite cell biology. He studies fundamental cellular and molecular processes ranging from lipid transport and virulence factors in bacteria, to invasion mechanisms in microsporidian parasites and the evolution of a minimal eukaryotic cell. 

Brahim El Guabli  

Associate Professor, Department of Comparative Thought and Literature 

Brahim El Guabli is an interdisciplinary scholar who teaches a variety of topics in Tamazghan and Middle Eastern literatures from the lens of environmentalism, indigeneity, and multilingualism. His work engages issues of race and racism, deserts and Saharanism, joint authorship practices, translation and transitional justice, Jews in Amazigh and Arabic cultural production, and revitalization of Indigenous cultures. 

Harris Feinsod

Research Professor, Department of English 

Harris Feinsod is a literary and cultural historian of the United States, Latin America, and the Atlantic world. He is the author of a literary history, The Poetry of the Americas: from Good Neighbors to Countercultures , and the co-translator of Oliverio Girondo’s Decals: Complete Early Poems . His recent academic essays and public writings focus especially on port cities, and on maritime labor, environment, and culture under conditions of globalization. 

Kandyce Fernandez   

Senior Lecturer, Non-Profit Management (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Kandyce Fernandez’s expertise in the nonprofit sector includes philanthropy and foundations, advocacy and the policy process, civic health and engagement and program evaluation. Her research addresses the interactions that take place among communities and organizations across sectors, with a focus on civic health in the nonprofit sector. 

Lauren Fusilier

Senior Lecturer, University Writing Program  

Lauren Fusilier’s research interests include digital and multimodal pedagogy, the intersection of digital literacies and new media campus resources, and issues of institutional equity and accessibility, especially as they impact non-dominant student populations.  

Andrew Gallup 

Teaching Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 

Andrew Gallup’s research areas include the evolution and functional significance of yawning, sports and athletics in evolutionary perspective, and threat detection and group vigilance. He teaches courses in behavioral biology and provides advising and research mentoring to undergraduate students. 

Maia Gil’Adí  

Assistant Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures 

Maia Gil’Adí’s work takes up speculative fiction as a site for theorizing Latinx identity across national and ethnic borders and shows the vital role of historical trauma in its formation. Arguing against reparative modes of reading, she analyzes how literary portrayals of violence, destruction, and pain paradoxically elicit pleasurable affective and aesthetic experiences. Examining novels by established Latinx authors such as Junot Díaz and Cristina García as well as multiethnic writers such as Colson Whitehead and Sesshu Foster, Gil’Adí challenges definitions of what constitutes Latinx literature and notions of the speculative by dismantling generic boundaries and entrenched definitions of race, ethnicity, and nationhood. 

Nune Grigoryan

Senior Lecturer and Program Coordinator, Communication (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Nune Grigoryan’s research is focused on the intersection of media and democracy. Her scholarly work includes studies of media ethics and digital media use for political participation, as well as social media use for political dissent and political campaigns. 

Christopher Grobe

Associate Research Professor, Department of English 

Christopher Grobe specializes in the entanglement of literature, performance, media, and technology in U.S. culture. Understanding “performance” as both a mode of artistic practice and a source of social knowledge, he has studied such topics as the history of “confessional performance” in American culture, the theatricality of U.S. electoral politics, and the role artists play in constructing new technologies (from the telegraph to AI) and in determining their cultural significance.     

David Guggenheim

Lecturer, Program Coordinator, Academic Advisor, Environmental Programs (Advanced Academic Programs) 

David Guggenheim is a marine scientist, conservation policy specialist, educator, award-winning author, ocean explorer and manned submersible pilot. He has worked in Cuba for more than 20 years, leading collaborative education, research and conservation efforts focused on coral reef ecosystems. 

Research Professor, Department of Cognitive Science 

John Hale’s expertise lies in computational linguistics. His research centers on language comprehension, asking questions such as how are we able to understand one another, just by hearing a sequence of words? He uses cognitive modeling, analyzing the human mind/brain via computer simulation.  

Simon D. Halliday

• Associate Research Professor and Associate Director at the Center for Economy and Society, SNF Agora Institute 
• Faculty affiliate of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University (2023-2025) 

Simon Halliday conducts research in behavioral and experimental economics, with a focus on social preferences (reciprocity and social norms) and institutions (ratings, punishment, communication). He also does economics education, and he has co-authored (with Samuel Bowles) an intermediate-level microeconomics textbook: Microeconomics: Competition, Conflict, and Coordination (OUP, 2022). Halliday is also the co-leader of the enCOREage Project. In a new textbook for introductory economics students, Understanding the Economy , the enCOREage team will introduce content that draws students in because it addresses societal problems that students care about while building employability skills, belonging, and inclusion into the curriculum. 

Research Professor, Departments of Biophysics and Biology 

Yuan He is interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms by which large, multi-subunit complexes engage in DNA-centric processes. His research uses cryo-electron microscopy and other biophysical and biochemical approaches.  

William Y. C. Huang

Assistant Professor, Department of Biophysics  

William Huang is broadly interested in biochemical reactions at the cell membrane, especially those involved in signal transduction. The research combines optical methods and kinetic modeling to analyze biochemically reconstituted systems and living cells. The integrated approach has enabled the invention of extensive imaging-based membrane assays, oftentimes revealing unexpected dynamic characteristics unique to membrane signaling configurations. 

Paul Johnson  

Associate Research Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures 

A specialist in 16th- and 17th-century Spanish literature, Paul Johnson draws on the history of emotion, the senses, the body, and performance in his research. His writing on race, gender, translation, and popular culture also places pre-modern Iberia into conversation with urgent contemporary debates, while crossing borders to encompass the Global Hispanophone and larger early modern world. 

Sujung Kim  

Associate Professor, Department of Anthropology 

Sujung Kim’s research focuses on the transnational interactions of Buddhist practices in East Asia by engaging a variety of networks that connect people, places, and praxis in the Buddhist world. After her first monograph, Shinra Myojin and Buddhist Networks of the East Asian “Mediterranean” (University of Hawaii Press, 2019), she is currently working on her second monograph, Korean Magical Medicine: Buddhist Healing Talismans in Choson Korea (under advance contract with the University of Hawai’i Press). 

Chris Kromphardt  

Lecturer, Assistant Program Director, Data Analytics and Policy (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Chris Kromphardt’s research focuses on how citizens view the performance and legitimacy of judicial institutions, how judicial institutions make decisions, and the design and evaluation of experiential learning activities. He has taught courses on public policy, research methods and research design, constitutional law, and American politics. 

Jason Ludden 

Jason Ludden’s research interests include rhetoric of science, environmental communication, composition pedagogy, and creative writing. His work focuses on the role of experts in public policy discourse, and he has examined how forest management discourse shapes public perception of environmental issues.  

Diego Luis     

Rohrbaugh Family Assistant Professor, Department of History 

Diego Luis is a historian of Latin America specializing in the connections between Mexico and the Philippines during the Manila galleon period (1565-1815). His work focuses on the global scope of the early modern Spanish empire by examining the movement of people across the Pacific Ocean and how that movement transformed societies at both the eastern and western termini of the galleon trade. 

Julie K. Lundquist    

Bloomberg Distinguished Professor of Atmospheric Science and Wind Energy, Departments of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Mechanical Engineering (Whiting School of Engineering) 

Julie Lundquist uses observational and computational approaches to understand the atmospheric boundary layer, with an emphasis on atmosphere-wind energy interactions. Her research engages in both the atmospheric influences on wind energy production as well as the atmospheric consequences of wind energy deployment.

Vikash Morar

Lecturer, Biotechnology (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Vikash Morar has a background in research in clinical diagnostics, cellular neuroscience, and machine learning. His interest in learning as an abstraction brought him toward pedagogy, where he has extensively trained and worked to improve student outcomes in the classroom.

Marcelo Nogueira  

Assistant Professor of Spanish and Portuguese, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures

Marcelo Nogueira’s research focuses on modern and contemporary Latin American poetry, popular music, and visual culture, with a special emphasis on Brazil. Drawing on literary history, media theory, sound studies, and ethnomusicology, he investigates the Latin American avant-gardes, Brazilian modernism, concrete poetry, and the art of songwriting. He earned his PhD in Romance Studies from Duke University in 2022. 

Danielle Norcini  

Assistant Professor, William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy 

Danielle Norcini’s research interests are in particle physics and cosmology. Her main focus is building detectors to discover dark matter and measure neutrinos. Currently, her group is developing single-electron sensors called skipper CCDs to make precision measurements of particle interactions at very low energy thresholds.

Grace Panetti   

Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry 

Grace Panetti investigates challenges at the interface of photochemistry and inorganic chemistry. She uses inorganic synthesis coupled with photophysical techniques like transient absorption spectroscopy to investigate these new systems.

Mladen Petkov     

Lecturer, Communication (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Mladen Petkov is interested in journalistic roles and practices, media freedom, disinformation, and Artificial Intelligence. He has several years of newsroom experience in the United States and Bulgaria. 

Allison Pugh  

Research Professor, Department of Sociology 

Allison Pugh’s research speaks to central concerns in the sociology of gender, investigating how people forge connections and find meaning and dignity at work and at home. Her work uses qualitative methods to investigate how gender, race, and class inequalities affect the way people negotiate dignity and connection amidst socioeconomic trends such as rationalization, insecurity, and commodification.

Lakshmi Rajkumar   

Senior Lecturer, Program Coordinator, Lab Manager, Biotechnology (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Lakshmi Rajkumar is an alumni of Johns Hopkins University’s M.S. in Biotechnology program specializing in microbiology. She has contributed to cancer research at the University of Maryland’s Translational Core Lab and has worked in the industry as a food microbiologist.

Margaret Renwick    

Associate Research Professor, Department of Cognitive Science 

Margaret Renwick’s research incorporates variation into models of spoken language to answer questions about the nature of phonological contrast, the origins and realization of phonological patterns, regional accents of U.S. English, and linguistic change across generations.

Mona Khadem Sameni 

Senior Lecturer and Program Coordinator, Applied Economics (Advanced Academic Programs)  

Mona Khadem Sameni’s research focuses on health economics, health policy, healthcare systems, and labor economics. She has done studies on global disparities in the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare systems, the application of AI in healthcare worldwide, and the regulation of AI. 

Hale Sirin 

• Assistant Research Professor, Alexander Grass Humanities Institute – Center for Digital Humanities 
• Affiliated faculty, Center for Languages and Speech Processing

Hale Sirin’s research and teaching bring together computational and critical methods to explore questions about narrative, language, and translation across historic and modern languages. She teaches courses on computational methods in the humanities and narrative theory. Sirin’s work has appeared in numerous venues including the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations and has been published in technical conferences including the Association for Computational Linguistics.

Sarah Sowden  

Lecturer, Computational Biology (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Sarah Sowden has expertise in data science, research administration, and the ethical and legal implications of data practices. She lectures in bioinformatics and individualized genomics and health.  

Frederick Tan 

Assistant Research Professor, Biology 

Frederick Tan researches mechanisms to effectively train and support diverse populations in genomic data science. He focuses on strategies that increase persistence among undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty. Through collaborative educational programs, he aims to build inclusive communities that advance research using the latest genomic technologies.

Heiko ter Haseborg  

Associate Teaching Professor, Department of Modern Languages and Literatures 

Heiko ter Haseborg’s research interests include curriculum design, curriculum evaluation, assessment, world language pedagogy, teacher, and learner role in language education, second language acquisition, and metacognition.   

Karina A. Vado 

Senior Lecturer, Medicine, Science, and the Humanities Program 

Karina Vado’s research lies at the intersections of Latinx and Latin American literary and cultural studies, science and technology studies, and science fiction studies. She is currently working on her first book project, Latinx DNA: Race, Latinidad, and Gene(ome ). In it, she interrogates scientized representations of Latinx identity across multiple cultural forms—popular science writing, music, speculative memoirs, documentary film, and visual art—and considers the vexed de- and re-codings of Latinidad that these “texts” forward or foreclose. 

Jasmina Wiemann

Assistant Professor, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences 

Jasmina Wiemann’s research develops new chemical methods and instrument components that comparatively probe biologically and geologically informative patterns in the macromolecular composition of modern and fossil organismal tissues to characterize past, present, and predictable future interactions between life and its changing environments and translates these insights into bio-inspired climate solutions.

Senior Lecturer, Organizational Leadership (Advanced Academic Programs) 

Frances Wu’s research focuses on cross-cultural leadership for global challenges and community-engaged pedagogies for leadership education. She has been awarded research grants on leadership for sustainability in business education in Singapore, higher education innovations in the U.S., and change processes for joint-venture universities between the U.S. and other countries.