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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

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See how your resume stacks up.

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• CV and Cover Letter
• The difference between CVs...

The difference between CVs and cover letters

10 min read · Updated on November 14, 2023

Is a CV a cover letter? While a CV and a cover letter share a purpose, they are different

So you're wondering, is a CV a cover letter? It's not surprising if you believe them to be similar - both documents share the purpose of showing that you're a good match for a vacancy by highlighting your experience and achievements. However, whilst they share the same aim and strongly complement each other, they are different in both format and content.

For many employers, a CV is an absolutely essential piece of kit when applying for a job, but cover letters can be optional. That said, including a cover letter with your application can dramatically strengthen your chances of success in securing an interview. According to a recent LinkedIn survey , “ 49% of hiring managers admitted that a strong cover letter convinced them to interview a candidate who had submitted a relatively weak CV.” And with “only 6% of hiring managers thinking that a cover letter is unnecessary for a job application,” in the same survey, it might be time to rethink your approach to job applications.

This CV versus cover letter article, which covers the question, “Is a CV a cover letter?” will go over all the points you should look out for when developing each. Empower yourself by using the following information, so that you can write your CV and create an impactful cover letter for use during your job search. 

Is a CV a cover letter?

The short answer to this is “no.” While they may seem similar, knowing the difference between a curriculum vitae (CV) and a cover letter is crucial in order to get the best results while you're navigating your journey of finding a new position.

To put it succinctly, your CV is a summary of your qualifications, skills, and experience from the last 10 to 15 years. It offers a short-yet-targeted overview of your career highlights that prove you're a great candidate for the job you're applying for. To do this, each piece of information on your CV should be tailored to that particular role.

CVs are commonly split into distinct sections: a professional profile, your skills, a summary of your career, and a section on your education and qualifications. Details are usually presented in snappy bullet points, led by powerful verbs, and bolstered with concrete statistics, to show off your skill set and talent.

CVs can be directly compared to the American resume. They contain the same information and serve the same function of introducing you to the HR Manager.

Cover letters are a bit different. They are primarily used to expand on your CV, to add more context, and to further explain your value. Ultimately, your cover letter is sweet-talking the HR Manager as you supply them with further evidence that proves you're an applicant who's worthy of an interview.

It also serves as an introduction. If a hiring manager reads, and likes, your cover letter, they will be more inclined to follow up by reading your CV. If your cover letter is sloppily written, doesn't offer much context, or isn't bringing anything to the table in order to encourage someone to read further, then the likelihood is that those who matter in recruitment are probably not going to seek out your CV for further investigation. This could end up being disastrous, leaving you languishing in the “no” pile before you've even got started or been given a fighting chance.

What does a CV include?

Your CV should cover four main sections, including:

Name, professional title, and contact information 

It's essential that these details are accurate and properly formatted, to ensure that the HR Manager can identify you easily and get in touch. Learn more here about how to add contact information to your CV in this article .

Personal profile

Your personal profile , located just under the contact details and at the top of the first page of your CV, should detail who you are, what you can offer the company, and your career goals, all in one tidy paragraph of about four or five sentences. CVs are written in the third person, without pronouns. This might sound a bit odd at first, writing about yourself in the third person, but it avoids the constant, “I did this,” and “I performed this” way of writing.

For example, you could write, “A versatile, tenacious, and confident Store Manager who flourishes with increased responsibility while engaging with customers at all levels.”

Experience and employment history

Your work experience should explain what you've done in your current role and your previous roles, going back to cover the last 10 to 12 years. Most importantly, it should then be expanded to feature any key accomplishments, demonstrating the value you could bring to your new role.

Education and qualifications

Your education and qualifications section simply adds finer details to prove that you're a qualified expert in certain areas, all adding up to an impressive professional skill set.

We have seen that CVs are formatted with clear headings and bullet points to keep them concise and easy to read for time-poor recruiters, who are typically swamped with hundreds of applications at a time.

What does a cover letter include?

A cover letter is different. Usually, it's a one page document, running to three or four paragraphs, that complements your CV. It normally focuses on four key elements:

What position are you applying for and why?

What are your most impressive, relevant skills, and experiences?

How will these skills benefit your prospective employer or a hiring manager?

A request for an interview

It's formatted similarly to a traditional letter, with a salutation , paragraphs, maybe some bullet points to break up the paragraphs, and a closing sentence.

However, in this digital age that we live in, where many CVs are sent directly to employers via email, the rules for cover letters are changing. If you're emailing your CV, treat the message in your email as your cover letter, rather than attaching it separately.

Email cover letters are typically more concise and can be anywhere from between 100 to 400 words long. They still tap into the four main talking points mentioned above though.

The similarities between a CV and a cover letter

We've taken a look at the differences in whether a CV is a cover letter, so let's look at the similarities.

Just like strawberries and cream or fish and chips, a CV and cover letter go well together. They detail out your achievements and experience, with the CV listing them in an easy-to-read way and the cover letter embellishing on key points, drawing attention to your brilliance. Overall, it creates a holistic view of the type of worker you are and how you might fit into the business that you're keen to get into.

Top tip: When applying for a role, make sure your CV and cover letter are two separate documents. It's not a good idea to have them running into each other within one document.

Hints on how to write a covering letter

If it's time for you to apply yourself to compiling an informative cover letter for an application, take a look at some TopCV tips on how to go about it.

Identify who to send the letter to

Writing “Dear Sir / Madam,” is so old school. Leave that where it should be… in the classroom. It shows you're proactive and willing to go that little bit further if you've found out the name of the person you need to address the letter to. OK, so it might be easy and staring out at you in black and white if the name appears on the job advert. But if it doesn't, seek out the name by either ringing the company and explaining what you're after, or tracking them down on the company website or LinkedIn.

Draft a compelling introduction paragraph

We all know that first impressions count .

Don't let a great CV be let down by a poorly written cover letter. This means you've got to wow the reader from the start. Detail how the job you're applying for fits in with your ethos, or how eager you are to work for the organisation.

Highlight specifics within your CV

Drawing attention to great results and achievements within your CV will encourage the recruitment manager to reach for that document. The beauty of a cover letter is that you can go into more detail about something, without being restricted by the writing style of a CV. You can use your own voice to convey how well you fit the role.

Match up your skills with those in the job advert

Make it clear how well your strengths and experience marry perfectly with the position in hand. Honing in on a particular detail, and relating it to your own experience, will definitely get you brownie points - and hopefully a call for an interview!

Stuff the letter full of facts and figures

Nothing pops off the page quite like a large number or a piece of tangible data, as it shows concrete evidence that you've got what it takes to fly high.

Use cover letters to demonstrate subjective, personable details

A CV is used to state the facts, giving a succinct overview of your relevant experience and achievements. A cover letter, on the other hand, provides the opportunity to elaborate on your selling points and explain your qualities and potential in more detail. It gives you that little bit of freedom, where CVs can be more narrow.

For example, if you have information you want to impart that doesn't fit into any of the sections of a CV, then you can use the cover letter to perform that duty. This could include information on your work status, when you're available to start, or if you want to disclose personal information that you feel needs to be talked about, such as if you have a disability .

But it doesn't stop there. Your cover letter offers the chance for recruiters to get to know you. Subjective details such as your writing style, your tone of voice, interest in the position, and your own values and motivations add colour to your application and help recruiters warm up to the real you.

Cover letters aren't always listed as an essential requirement on a job application. However, with a CV that proves your talent and ability, plus a cover letter that supports and sells your story, you will greatly increase your chances of impressing a prospective employer. 

The writers at TopCV certainly know their way around both CVs and cover letters. Learn more about working with an expert writer to find more success with your job-search documents, or undertake a free CV review to see how your CV stacks up. This article was originally written by Laura Slingo and has been updated by Elizabeth Openshaw.

Recommended reading:

7 common cover letter mistakes to avoid at all costs

How long should a CV be?

CV tricks that are actually traps

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See how your CV stacks up.

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CV vs Cover Letter: Differences, Similarities & Which One to Use

What is a CV?

What is a cover letter, cv vs cover letter – what do they have in common, cv vs cover letter – what are the differences.

You are ready to go for your dream job, and you plan to nail it in no time.

But to do so, you need some really strong application documents, as the competition for all jobs is increasing by the minute.

To do so, you need to understand the difference between your CV and cover letter, and use them to the full extent.

At first glance, it may seem like they are the same document, as they both have the goal to present you as the best candidate for the job.

But that’s not actually true.

In this article, we are going to find out:

• What are the similarities between a CV and cover letter?
• What are the differences between a CV and cover letter?

To get a better understanding of both documents, and perfect your own, you should learn how to create a killer cover letter , and use our CV Builder to create an eye-catching CV .

But if you are ready to learn what are CV and cover letter, and what differentiates them, stick around.

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That question may be a little more complicated than you might think. What a CV is actually depends on what part of the world are you at.

In the US, a CV is a very detailed document that presents all your experience, skills, and educations, along with any other academic achievements. It is mainly used for academic or federal jobs, and it is usually 2-3 pages long.

On the other hand, in anywhere else in the world, a CV is a one-page document (or at most a two-pager, if you have lots of work experience in the field you are applying for ) that has the structure of the US resume.

Either way, your CV must absolutely include:

• Contact information
• Work experience

And you can also compliment it with sections like:

• Awards and honors
• Publications

You can also list any other sections that seem relevant and would increase your chances of getting the job.

No matter which kind of CV you are writing , its main purpose is to clearly present your qualifications to the hiring manager, and make you stand out in front of the crowd of candidates.

Usually, when you are sending your CV out, you would want to include some short paragraphs to complement it and make your desire for the job even stronger in the eyes of the hiring manager.

For that purpose, we have the cover letter, which is the second most important document in your application, after the CV.

What it should include is :

• Introduction
• A paragraph that underlines your experience and skills
• A paragraph that shows why you’re a great fit for the company and the role you are applying for
• A call to action
• Professional sign-off

To do this right, you need to make sure you have provided clear and concise answers for the following questions:

• What position are you applying for and why?
• What are your most impressive, relevant skills and experience?
• Why do these skills benefit your potential employer?

A CV and cover letter can be described as two sides of the same coin.

Your primary document is your CV that shows all your experience and skills, all in one place, while the cover letter proves all the essential parts of your CV, using compelling examples.

And even though they serve a different purpose in presenting you, they have one great similarity – together they show you in the best possible light in the eyes of the hiring manager.

Now that you understand what CVs and cover letters have in common, let’s dig a little deeper into their differences, as it is crucial to understand them to get the best results.

The main difference between a CV and a cover letter are:

• CV is an extensive document that outlines the applicant’s career – their experience, qualifications, skills, competences, achievements, etc. Meanwhile, a cover letter provides only a short description of the applicant, and compliments all the important parts of the CV, using examples
• CV is a detailed document that consists of great deal of information, while the cover letter is short and to the point
• CV usually uses sections and bullet lists for all its content, but a cover letter is usually categorized into sentences and paragraphs
• CV can often not be tailored for the job position you are applying for, while your cover letter should always be modified, as it is a much more personal document that describes your interest in particular job offer and company
• CV can be spread out into more than one page, but your cover letter should never exceed one page

We are all done, now you understand what differentiates CV and cover letter, and how to use each best in your advantage.

Let’s just recap their main purposes one last time:

• CV is an extensive document that shows all your experience, qualifications, skills, and any other relevant information for the job you are applying for
• A cover letter is a much more personal document that is used to introduce yourself to the hiring manager, prove all the important parts from your CV using compelling examples, and show your great interest in the job you are applying for

They work great together, so make sure you create the best possible team for your application documents.

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Cover Letter vs. CV

A CV (curriculum vitae) is different from a cover letter in that a cover letter is more concise and a CV is fairly detailed. While a CV includes detailed information about a person's educational background and work experience, a cover letter is a more concise document expressing interest in the job being applied to.

Comparison chart

Differences between a cv and cover letter.

A cover letter is an introduction to yourself with regard to the job opening you are applying for. Cover letters are generally one page at most in length, divided into a header, introduction, body, and closing.

Curriculum Vitae may include a cover letter along with other details which are important when applying for international jobs, fellowships, grants, research, scientific and academic positions. The CV is used to screen applicants, often followed by an interview, when seeking employment.

A cover letter includes general details about a person like name, contact information, educational and professional qualification, work experience and career goal or what a person is looking for in terms of a job profile. A cover letter should not be confused with a resume as it does not include all the details of a resume. The cover letter should have enough details so that it complements the Curriculum Vitae and also interests the person reading it.

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• Key Differences

Know the Differences & Comparisons

Difference Between CV and Cover Letter

The two documents are of great importance, for every candidate who wants to get a job, in the world of extreme competition. A CV and a cover letter presents the applicant, before the employer and so it must be properly drafted and written. Most people assume that the two are one and the same thing, while they are not. Just take a read of this article to know about the differences between CV and cover letter.

Content: CV Vs Cover Letter

Comparison chart, definition of curriculum vitae (cv).

A written snapshot of a person’s educational qualification, work experience, and some personal details is known as a Curriculum Vitae (CV). It is mainly used by the prospective employers to draw the career sketch of the job seekers and shortlist the deserving candidates before calling them for an interview. It contains the qualifications, skills, hobbies, experience, achievements, projects, awards, publications, extracurricular activities.

The term Curriculum Vitae is derived from a Latin word, which simply means ‘course of life’. It is used while applying for specific purposes like fellowships, advanced research, grants and so on.

Definition of Cover Letter

A letter which is attached to or sent with another document (i.e. CV or resume) and contains the summary of another document is known as Cover Letter. The cover letter is used while applying for the jobs. It complements the main document by outlining eligibility criteria fulfilled by the applicant. The document is of utmost importance; that decides whether the candidate will get a chance to meet personally or get an interview call for the said position.

Cover Letter gives a short introduction about the candidate qualifications, experience and accomplishments and interest that are required for the post applied.

Cover Letter contains the arguments that why the candidate is the best man for the job. It can be customized according to the job. It contains the details about name, contact details, educational qualifications, professional experience, prospects and so on.

Key Differences Between CV and Cover Letter

The major differences between CV and Cover Letter are explained below:

• Curriculum Vitae is a biography of a person’s career like his qualifications, skills, competencies, achievements, etc. Cover Letter is a letter which gives a short description of the applicant to the potential employer.
• CV is a detailed document, but Cover Letter is ‘to the point’ document.
• A CV includes the details about the educational and employment history of the applicant. Conversely, the cover letter expresses the interest of the candidate in the job applied.
• Normally, the size of CV is two or more than two pages. On the other hand, the length of a cover letter does not exceed one page.
• A CV cannot modify according to the job, it remains same for all jobs, whereas a cover letter can be modified according to the job.

CV and Cover Letter are complementary documents. Cover Letter gives an overview of the person’s accomplishments and shows the skills, competencies, experience and qualifications that fulfill the recruiter’s criteria. CV is the well-organized document which gives each and every detail about the background and skills of an individual. The content, format, and language used, in the two documents have a great impact on the reader’s mind. So, it would be beneficial, if the sender prepares the two documents in such a way that will impress the reader.

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Arshid says

September 1, 2017 at 6:50 am

Really helpful

February 22, 2020 at 6:49 pm

very well described and helpful. tnx

Gholam Reza Mirzaie says

September 13, 2022 at 2:08 am

Thanks a lot

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5 Basic Differences between a CV and an Application Letter

A CV is an important document for applying for jobs, so is an application letter (also called a cover letter). They have certain similarities. Some of such similarities are: they both highlight your experiences, they are both tailored to the writer who is the subject matter, and CVs and application letters have your contact information, and so on. In spite of the many similarities, there are some differences between a CV and an application letter. Here are such differences:

An Application Letter Has a Narrower Scope.

A resumé is a sort of brief biography. A CV can be defined as a document that compiles and compresses details of a person’s history into a few pages. It highlights different points in a person’s life journey, growth and self-development.

It, therefore, has several subsections, such as educational history, skill sets, work experience, personal details, contact information, and referees’ names and contact information.

Contrarily, an application letter has fewer sections and details. Basically, a cover letter has an introduction, a second paragraph that briefly discusses your qualifications and how they make you suitable for the role applied for, and a third paragraph that discusses your work experiences and how they are in a field similar to the one you are currently applying for.

The last paragraph is a conclusion that mentions any attached document and your availability to provide more details if needed.

There are some sections of a resumé that are not included in a cover letter. For instance, a cover letter does not mention referees, except in cases where the job advert says that applicants should attach the recommendations of their referees. In such rare cases, you could indicate that the recommendations are attached to your cover letter.

A CV Is Formatted with Bullet Points.

The best resumés are well-formatted with bullet points, to ease scanning and quick comprehension. Also, points are listed out in phrases. On the other hand, cover letters are written in full sentences. Ideas are written and arranged in paragraphs.

An Application Letter Must Be Accompanied by a CV.

A resumé or CV can be sent solely if an application letter is not requested. Employers can make decisions on whether to invite an applicant to an interview, based on a CV. However, due to the limited scope of a cover letter, a CV has to be sent alongside a cover letter.

An Application Letter Is Addressed to One Prospective Employer.

A cover letter is a formal letter addressed to a particular person in a particular company. It has the address of the sender, as well as that of the receiver (or the email address of each party, depending on the contact details of the company provided in the job advert, as well as the medium of sending the application letter as indicated in the advert).

Fewer and fewer companies require hard-copy cover letters and resumés, these days. As a result, emails now serve as cover letters, and should be properly written in formal letter style; as you would if you were sending a hard copy.

In contrast, a CV is not addressed to anybody or any company in particular. You can use one resumé to apply for several jobs. Having said that, if you have worked across different fields, you can create various CVs and tailor them to show your expertise in each industry; each CV will focus on one industry.

A Resumé Should Not Exceed Two Pages.

The ideal resumé should be two pages; no more, no less. A one-page CV is too short, and a CV of three or more pages is just unnecessarily lengthy. It is vital to put in only the information that is both necessary and presents you as experienced and qualified for that specific role.

A cover letter, on the contrary, should not exceed one page. The purpose of an application letter is to introduce yourself and state why you are the right person for the job. Also, since there will be a CV attached to the application letter, there will be no need to repeat the information already covered in the resumé.

Despite the similarities between a cover letter and a CV , there are obviously certain features that make them dissimilar. None should be mistaken for the other. They are each essential to your job applications.

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• Interview Preparation /

Difference Between CV and Cover Letter

• Updated on  
• Sep 14, 2023

A curriculum vitae or CV is an essential document for a job application, whereas, a cover letter is optional. The former is a summarised platter of your educational qualifications, technical and soft skills, and work experience. On the other hand, a cover letter highlights your intent and capability to start the job you are applying for. Furthermore, a critical difference between CV and a cover letter is that the former is a multi-page document whereas the latter is a one-page document. 

Just like these, there are numerous differences between the two, which are mentioned in the successive sections of this blog. Keep reading to know more!

This Blog Includes:

What does a cv include, what does a cover letter include, detailed professional history vs. brief biography, multiple pages vs. single page, generic purpose vs. targeted application, facts vs. anecdotes.

Also Read: How to Write a Cover Letter?

What is a CV?

A Curriculum Vitae is a document that provides a detailed summary of a candidate’s educational qualifications, work experience, soft skills, technical skills, and other achievements . It is typically used when applying for academic positions, research opportunities, or jobs in certain professional fields. A well-structured CV helps employers or academic institutions quickly assess a candidate’s qualifications and suitability for a particular role or program.

Remember, it is important to tailor your CV to the specific job or opportunity you are applying for. Highlight the experiences, skills, and qualifications that are most relevant to the position in question.

Before learning the difference between CV and cover letter, let us learn about the contents of the former, which are as follows: 

• Personal Information: This includes your full name, contact information (phone number and email address), and sometimes your address.
• Professional Summary or Objective: A brief statement highlighting your career goals and what you bring to the table.
• Education: Details about your educational background, including the names of institutions attended, degrees earned, graduation dates, and any honours or awards.
• Work Experience: A chronological list of your previous employment positions. For each position, you should include the job title, name of the company or organisation, dates of employment, and a description of your responsibilities and accomplishments.
• Skills: This section highlights specific skills relevant to the position you’re applying for. This can include technical skills , languages spoken, software proficiency, etc.
• Certifications and Training: Any relevant certifications, workshops, or courses you’ve completed.
• Publications (if applicable): For academicians or researchers , a list of published papers, articles, or books.
• Professional Memberships (if applicable): Any memberships in industry-related organisations.
• Awards and Honors (if applicable): Recognition or accolades you’ve received in your field.
• Languages (if applicable): Mention any languages you are proficient in, especially if they are relevant to the position.
• References: Contact information for individuals who can vouch for your qualifications and character. This section is often labelled “References available upon request.”

Also Read: Difference Between CV and Resume

What is a Cover Letter?

A cover letter is a formal document that accompanies a job application, typically including a CV or resume. It provides a platform for you to introduce yourself to a potential employer, express your interest in a specific position, and highlight why you are a suitable candidate for the role.

A well-crafted cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality, communication skills, and enthusiasm for the position. It should be tailored to the specific job and company you’re applying to, demonstrating how your background aligns with their needs and values.

As we are about to understand the difference between CV and cover letter, let us have a look at the key elements of the latter, which are:

• Contact Information: It should include your name, address, phone number, and email address.
• Salutation: Address the recipient by name if possible. If you don’t have a specific name, use a professional greeting like “Dear Hiring Manager.”
• Opening Paragraph: Introduce yourself and state the position you’re applying for. Express your interest in the job and briefly mention how you learned about it.
• Body Paragraphs: These paragraphs are the core of the cover letter. They should elaborate on your qualifications, skills, and experiences relevant to the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your suitability for the role.
• Closing Paragraph: Summarise your interest in the position and express your eagerness to discuss further in an interview. Mention any attached documents (like your CV) and provide your contact information.
• Closing Salutation: End with a professional closing like “Sincerely” or “Best regards,” followed by your name and signature (if submitting a physical copy).

Also Read: How to Write a Cover Letter for Your First Job

Now that we know about the definition and elements of a curriculum vitae and cover letter, let us delve into the key differences between the two.

A CV provides an exhaustive account of a person’s academic and professional journey. Academic or research candidates may possess diverse skill sets and accomplishments pertinent to a professorial or research-oriented role, which they include in a CV. Committees evaluating candidates often value comprehensive details about a person’s contributions in a field of study to assess their potential impact on an institution.

Whereas, a cover letter offers a compact overview of a candidate’s qualifications, focusing on job-specific relevance. It should only incorporate pertinent information tailored to the specific role, as hiring managers seek key qualifications. For instance, applicants might outline past positions and the skills acquired in a brief paragraph or two.

Also Read: Difference Between CV, Statement of Purpose, and Profile

Another difference between CV and cover letter is the number of pages or length of the document. A CV can extend to two or even three pages. A lengthier CV suggests that a candidate possesses a range of professional experiences and noteworthy accomplishments in a particular field. Given the complexity of research and academic roles, a hiring committee may highly regard a candidate with a more comprehensive background.

On the other hand, a cover letter is typically limited to one page. Keeping it concise enables a candidate to be clear and focused in their communication. This briefness can be appreciated by hiring managers who are seeking specific qualifications.

Also Read: Data Analyst Cover Letter: Samples and Guide

When creating a CV, candidates often intend to use the same application package for similar job positions across different institutions. While you might adjust the order of sections to emphasise specific qualifications, the overall content typically remains consistent.

On the contrary, for cover letters, having a basic template can be helpful, but the real value comes from tailoring them to match the specific job and company you are applying to. Adapting your cover letter allows you to better address the unique requirements and professional environment of the position. It is also beneficial to incorporate relevant keywords from the job description into the updated version.

Also Read: Hiring Manager Cover Letter: Samples and Tips

Furthermore, another difference between a CV and a cover letter is the type of content. A CV predominantly presents factual information and numerical data regarding a person’s academic, teaching, or research background. While a brief paragraph describing their study or research plan may be included at the beginning of the document, the focus is on concrete details.

While, in a cover letter, candidates often incorporate anecdotes. This entails sharing a specific work or educational experience that highlights a particular skill or expertise. It may also involve using personal “I” statements and expressing their sentiments about a position, providing a hiring manager insight into why they’re applying to a company and whether they align with its culture.

Also Read: Cover Letter for Cabin Crew Position: Samples and Tips

A Curriculum Vitae or CV is an essential document for a job application, whereas, a cover letter is optional. The former is a summarised platter of your educational qualifications, technical and soft skills, and work experience. On the other hand, a cover letter highlights your intent and capability to start the job you are applying for. 

A curriculum vitae encompasses personal information, professional summary or objective, educational background, skills, work experience, and certifications. 

No. A resume-like document known as a CV showcases your academic and professional experiences. Although the document itself does not include a cover letter, every job application you submit online should also include a cover letter in addition to your CV.

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Ankita Singh

Ankita is a history enthusiast with a few years of experience in academic writing. Her love for literature and history helps her curate engaging and informative content for education blog. When not writing, she finds peace in analysing historical and political anectodes.

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The language of the job hunt: resumes and job applications

Sep 07, 2022 - updated Apr 24, 2023

So you’ve decided to apply for a new role—good for you! You spruce up your resume and get ready to send it off, only to learn you need to complete a job application too. Confusion sets in as you find yourself doubling your efforts, wondering why both are necessary. Well, as culture fit becomes more critical in the workplace and competition rises, many employers want to better understand applicants beyond their work life and hard skills. Larger companies may also be seeking ways to sort through high application volumes and simplify or automate processes . Enter: the job application.

But what exactly is the difference between a resume and a job application? Why would a company ask for one over the other–or even both–and how can you ensure you stand out? Let’s find out.

What is a job application?

A job application is a standard form with questions or fields deemed necessary by a company to review candidates. It will often request the same information from every potential hire, such as contact information, past work experience, education, and references . However, not every company will ask you to complete a job application; sometimes just a resume will suffice. So what are some reasons a company would require one?

Marianne Encina, a recruiter at Shopify and co-founder of 3Skills , a community that teaches job seekers how to communicate their value to employers and build careers they are proud of, says, “a company might use a job application to have one clear standard to assess all applicants. This can be beneficial when the goal is solely to compare experience, skills, and education.”

However, the standardization of job applications also brings about concerns regarding DEI initiatives . Encina notes, “[Job applications] can be problematic since applicants will all have different backgrounds that will fall outside this standard and might therefore be automatically and unfairly rejected.”

That said, if a company does ask you to submit a job application, it is essential that you complete it in full. In the United States, candidates are required to list all former employers as requested on a job application and to fill it in honestly—you don’t want to get caught lying should the employer run a background check .

What is a resume?

A resume is a document that outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background, typically as they relate to your career and education . Resumes can also include personal information, such as hobbies, interests, and volunteer time, providing a prospective employer with more information about who you are and how you spend your time outside office hours.

A resume is your opportunity to showcase and highlight your unique talents and personality . While there are certain things that will double up on your resume and job application—such as your duties and responsibilities with previous employers—there’s lots of room for creativity.

One tip Encina suggests is tailoring your resume to the company’s brand by using their colors and fonts or getting inspiration from their products. “If you are interviewing with Google’s Search Team, for example, you could have each role in your resume replicate Google search results,” says Encina.

But it’s not all about aesthetics. “Content will always be more important than any color or font. A tailored resume with metrics that address requirements and responsibilities for the role should be the standard; aesthetics are a bonus.” Encina says. So what’s the bottom line? Make your resume enticing . “Ultimately, the goal is to extend the amount of time the recruiter or hiring manager spends reviewing your resume.”

What should you do if a company asks for both?

If a company asks for both, how do you ensure you don’t waste your or the recruiter’s time? While it can be tempting to keep one standard resume handy for any job that piques your interest, especially when applying to several different roles, it’s good practice to tailor your resume for each opportunity .

If a company asks you to complete a job application and a resume, avoid repeating the same information. “You might consider using that extra space to speak about specific projects that are relevant to that role,” notes Encina.

Should you send a resume if the company only offers a job application?

According to Encina, the answer to this question is: it depends. “If you have a tailored resume ready to be submitted that would only make your application and your candidacy stronger, I would go ahead and submit that too,” she says.

“But really, the question here should be redirected to the company: is every step of your process intentional and candidate-centric? Are the instructions clear on what needs to be submitted? Are they deducting points for anyone who didn’t submit a resume and cover letter , although there were no instructions to do so? As a candidate, your goal is to reflect that you are the most employable out of the candidate pool . A company’s goal should be to provide a clear recruitment process and expectations.”

Key takeaways: what’s the difference between a resume and a job application?

A job application is a form created by a company with fields that a candidate must complete in full . These fields typically include contact information, past work experience, education, and references . The application is the same for every potential candidate, providing a standardized way for a company to assess applicants.

Ensure you complete all sections as required by the job application. You must fully disclose all past employers when requested via a job application . Some companies may even perform a background check to confirm.

A resume outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background. It’s also your opportunity to showcase your unique experience, creativity, and other relevant information that could make you a front-runner for a position.

Clearly read a company’s application instructions; if they are unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for more information.

When in doubt, go the extra mile and submit a resume in addition to a job application , even if it’s not specifically requested. Find the appropriate company contact so you know it gets into the right hands .

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Difference between a resume and an application letter.

Your job application package consists of a cover letter and a resume. Each document serves a specific purpose and has a particular format. Whenever you apply for a position, send both documents unless the employer has asked for a resume only. Use the appropriate delivery method -- email, fax or postal mail -- and remember to sign the cover letter. Make sure that both documents use the same header, font and paper.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

A cover letter adds a personal touch to the job application. When a prospective employer reads your cover letter, he knows immediately whether to read your resume. Write a letter that demonstrates your enthusiasm for the position, company and industry. Let the employer know how you learned about the position and why you would be a good fit for the company. Include highlights of your education, experience and background that are relevant to the position. State exactly what documents you are attaching or enclosing: resume, transcript, references or testimonials. Provide additional information not contained in the resume, such as your availability dates for an interview and your follow-up procedure.

Purpose of a Resume

A resume provides a brief summary of your education, skills, work experience and accomplishments. A well-written resume speaks loudly and clearly about your value as a potential employee. The performance profile and competency statements contain action words and the appropriate keywords -- words and phrases that represent knowledge, skills and abilities required for the industry. When a prospective employer reads your resume, she can answer the following questions: "How will this employee benefit our organization?" "What strengths does he bring to our workplace?"

Format of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a business letter. The inside address contains the name, title, organization and address of the prospective employer. Ensure that you have the correct spelling and title of the employer and use it in the salutation.

Most cover letters contain three paragraphs. Use the first paragraph to introduce yourself and ask to be considered for the job. Focus on your skills and achievements in the second paragraph. Ask for an interview in the third paragraph. Use an appropriate complimentary closing: Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely, Cordially yours or Yours truly. Include your handwritten and typewritten signature.

Format of a Resume

You can use the reverse chronological or functional format for your resume. The reverse chronological resume lists all employment and education, beginning with the most recent and working backward. More informal in tone, the functional format highlights three to five skill areas and downplays employment history. Start with a performance profile that contains three to five of your greatest skills and achievements. Alternatively, you can use a job objective or focus statement. The Work Experience section includes information about current and past employment. In the Education section, list all diplomas, degrees, certificates and training relevant to the position. Create additional sections to highlight proficiency in languages, computer expertise and volunteer involvement.

Related Articles

How to write personal information on a resume →, how to write a resume when you have been in education and want to get into the business world →.

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer →

How to Apply for a Job Through Email →

How to Do a Resume for a Non-Skilled Worker →

How Do I Write a Resume Envelope? →

• "Gallery of Best Letters"; David F. Noble; 2007
• "Resume Magic"; Susan Britton Whitcomb; 2010

In 2008, Joanne Guidoccio opened a wordsmith business. She has been published in the "Guelph Daily Mercury," "Waterloo Record" and "Winnipeg Free Press". A retired school teacher, Guidoccio has a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and psychology from Laurentian University, a Bachelor of education from the University of Western Ontario and a Career Development Practitioner Diploma from Conestoga College.

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CVs versus Resumes: What’s the Difference? was originally published on HospitalRecruiting .

One point of confusion for job seekers can be the difference between a CV and a resume when applying for new opportunities. The terms can seem to be used interchangeably; however, there are some subtle differences between the two. 

Both documents are fundamental in showcasing your skills, experiences, and achievements. However, understanding the subtle nuances between a CV and a resume is crucial for making a lasting impression on potential employers. Here, we aim to demystify these differences and help healthcare professionals choose and craft the right document to advance their careers.

What is a CV?

A curriculum vitae (CV) is an in-depth document that details the entire course of your career. In the medical industry, a CV can be preferred due to its comprehensive nature, especially in roles where you are likely to be involved in any kind of research or academic capacity. A CV includes a detailed list of your academic background, teaching and research experience, publications, presentations, awards, honors, affiliations, and other professional activities. A CV is typically used when applying for academic, educational, scientific, or research positions.

What is a Resume?

A resume can be similar to a CV but is a more concise summary of your skills, experiences, and education. Unlike a CV, resumes are typically limited to one or two pages. It’s tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting relevant experiences and achievements. In healthcare, a resume is often used for non-academic positions where specific skills and experiences are more critical than an extensive academic background.

Key Differences Between a CV and a Resume

While both CVs and resumes serve as personal marketing tools and are used for job applications, they differ significantly in structure, content, and purpose. A CV is a lengthy, detailed synopsis of your professional and academic career, often extending over several pages. It remains static, only requiring updates as your career progresses. In contrast, a resume is a brief, targeted list of your skills and experiences tailored to the job you’re applying for.

Here are some key differences between the two documents:

• Length –  A CV can be several pages, while a resume is typically one to two pages. Resumes should generally be as concise as possible, while a CV is generally better the longer it is.
• Purpose – A CV is comprehensive and used to display academic and research expertise, whereas a resume is succinct and job-specific. Resumes are intended to be a summary of your professional career, while CVs are designed to provide a comprehensive overview of all your professional achievements.
• Content – A CV includes all academic and professional achievements you are able to include, a list of all your publications, patents, and other similar accomplishments, and your professional experiences. A resume focuses on your professional highlights, relevant skills, and experiences.
• Customization – A CV remains largely static, slowly growing in length. A resume, on the other hand, should be customizable for different job applications.

When to Use a CV versus a Resume

Understanding when to use a CV or a resume can significantly impact your job application. In the healthcare sector, a CV is generally preferred for roles that are research, education, or grant funding oriented, such as a physician or academic researcher. These positions value detailed professional accomplishments like publications and research experience. 

A resume is more suitable for clinical roles, such as nurses, therapists, administrative staff, or non-research-related physician roles where specific skills and job experiences are more pertinent than academic history. Resumes should be succinct and lead to an interview , while a CV should provide more in-depth information.

If you are unsure of whether to provide a resume or a CV during an application, the job description and application will typically provide clear instructions on which is preferred. As a general rule, a position in the United States that is not academic or research-oriented will typically require a resume. In some European countries, a CV may be standard for most positions, even those that would typically only require a resume in the US.

Tips for Crafting an Effective CV/Resume

Whether you’re preparing a CV or a resume, the goal is to present yourself as the ideal candidate for the job. Here are some tips to help you create an effective document:

• Tailor your content – Customize your resume for each job application; for a CV, emphasize the most relevant accomplishments.
• Focus on achievements – Use metrics and specific examples to showcase your successes. Details that are as specific and empirical as possible are preferred in both resumes and CVs.
• Keep it professional – Use a clean format and professional language. For resumes, try to keep it to one page, if possible, or two at the most. For CVs, being as comprehensive as possible is more important than achieving a specific length.
• Proofread – Ensure there are no errors or typos. Consider having multiple people proofread it for you, as grammatical mistakes can be very off-putting when applying for professional positions.

In the healthcare industry, where the competition for jobs can be intense, understanding the difference between a CV and a resume is crucial. By choosing the appropriate document and tailoring it to showcase your strengths and achievements, you can significantly enhance your chances of landing your desired position. Remember, an effective CV or resume is not just a list of your past experiences; it’s a strategic tool to propel your career forward.

**Editor’s Note: For more helpful tips on crafting your CV or resume, view our other healthcare career resources **

The Difference Between a Cover Letter and a Letter of Interest

According to Zety , a service that creates professional communication templates, you use a cover letter to accompany your resume when you’re applying to a specific job, and use a letter of interest to put yourself forward for a job that isn’t advertised. Essentially, you’re pitching yourself to a company of interest, telling them your qualifications, and hoping they’ll identify a spot for you instead of waiting around for them to post an opening that aligns with your skills and experience.

Letters of interest are also helpful when someone has tipped you off to an opening that hasn’t yet been made public, according to Indeed . The goal is to introduce yourself to hiring managers and get your talents on their radar, even if it means they only keep you in mind for future opportunities.

A cover letter is reserved for when a specific job is available, so it might get you more immediate results. A letter of interest, on the other hand, could take months for results—but will help those in charge of hiring find a job that’s just right for you, should one become available.

What to include in a letter of interest

Your letter of interest should be full of background information highlighting why you’d be a great fit for the company. Unlike with cover letters, you won’t have a clear job posting or description of what the company wants right now, so you should first research the organization and identify what they do well, what they could use help with, and how your specific talents fit in somewhere. During your research, be sure to identify the most likely hiring manager, recruiter, or the manager of the team you want to be on, and address the letter to them.

Introduce yourself briefly by sharing your name and a one- or two-sentence description of your background. Then explain why you’re writing to that specific company. Share specific things about the organization that appeal to you, and then explain how you fit into what you described, sharing your experience, skills, training, and interests. If your research turned up anything about the company culture, describe how you’ll fit in and what benefits you’ll add. Finally, end your letter with a request for an informal interview. Having a chat with the hiring managers or recruiters will help them get to know you and better ensure you stick in their memory in case a job opens up in the future.

Like a cover letter, it shouldn’t exceed one page and should include your contact details. Also like a cover letter, you should try to make it as specific to the company as possible and not use a boilerplate template. In fact, in this instance, you should be even more specific about your interest in the company. Make sure you point out the details about the organization that interest and excite you, so they know you did your research.

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