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AP US History Study Guide

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Begin your journey through US history by exploring primary sources, essays, and videos, organized by time period.

Exam Date : Friday, May 10, 2024

Image Source : World War II recruiting poster created by the US Office of War Information: Americans Will Always Fight for Liberty , Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1943. (The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, GLC09520.37)

History U: AP US History

Review the content featured in the nine AP test periods and practice multiple-choice quizzes and sample essay questions.    

Image Source:   United Press International, “New York ,” 1964 (The Gilder Lehrman Institute, GLC09733.03)

High School Students

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History U: Foundations of American Government

Examine the “why” and the “how” of American government through in-depth discussion of its history and workings.  

History School: Summer 2024

Master teachers lead students through six-week curricula in July and August to help students prep for AP exams.  

Image: Photograph of Rosa Parks, n.d. (The Gilder Lehrman Institute, GLC09778.02)

3 AP Courses

Resources by Period:

Period 1: 1491–1607, period 2: 1607–1754, period 3: 1754–1800, period 4: 1800–1848.

• Period 5: 1844–1877

Period 6: 1865–1898

Period 7: 1890–1945, period 8: 1945–1980, period 9: 1980–present.

Test Details

The AP US History exam covers United States history from 1491 to the present, divided into nine time periods. The exam is scored on a scale from 1 to 5, with a score of 3 or higher often earning college credit (depending on the particular university). Sections of the test include

• 55 Source-Based Multiple Choice Questions (55 minutes)
• 3 Short-Answer Questions (40 minutes)
• 1 Document-Based Essay Question (60 minutes including a 15-minute reading period)
• 1 Long Essay Question (40 minutes)

US History Periods

On a North American continent controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, and West Africa created a new world.

• 4–6% Exam Weighting

Europeans and American Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive colonial and native societies emerged.

• 6–8% Exam Weighting

British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new American republic, along with struggles over the new nation’s social, political, and economic identity.

• 10–17% Exam Weighting

The new republic struggled to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic, territorial, and demographic changes.

Period 5: 1848–1877

As the nation expanded and its population grew, regional tensions, especially over slavery, led to a civil war—the course and aftermath of which transformed American society.

The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes.

An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of government activism, and sought to define its international role.

After World War II, the United States grappled with prosperity and unfamiliar international responsibilities while struggling to live up to its ideals. 

As the United States transitioned to a new century filled with challenges and possibilities, it experienced renewed ideological and cultural debates, sought to redefine its foreign policy, and adapted to economic globalization and revolutionary changes in science and technology.

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, the ultimate guide to the ap us history exam.

Advanced Placement (AP)

The AP US History exam involves critical reading, writing, and in-depth analysis. It's not just about memorizing names and dates, but rather interpreting historical evidence quickly and accurately, recalling outside information on a topic, and synthesizing your ideas into a coherent argument.

In this guide, we'll give you a rundown of the format and structure of the AP US History test along with a brief content outline, sample questions, and some tips for a great score .

How Is the AP US History Exam Structured?

The next AP US History test will be administered on Friday, May 5, 2023, at 8 AM . This AP exam is three hours and 15 minutes long and consists of two main sections, each of which is divided into a Part A and a Part B.

Before we get into the details of each part, here's an overview of the US History test as a whole:

Section 1, Part A: Multiple Choice

The first section on the test is the multiple-choice section, which is worth 40% of your score and lasts for 55 minutes. You'll get 55 questions, each with four possible answer choices (labeled A-D); this means that you'll have about a minute per question on this part of the exam.

Most US History multiple-choice questions come in sets of three to four questions that require you to respond to certain stimuli, or sources, such as historical texts, graphs, and maps.

Section 1, Part B: Short Answer

Part B of Section 1 on the US History test requires you to answer three short-answer questions in 40 minutes , giving you about 13 minutes per question. It's worth 20% of your overall score.

The first two questions are required, but you get to choose between question 3 and question 4 for your third short answer . Here's what you can expect with each question:

Section 2, Part A: Document-Based Question

The Document-Based Question, or DBQ , is worth 25% of your final score and requires you to write an essay based on a prompt that's accompanied by seven historical documents . You'll get a 15-minute reading period followed by 45 minutes to write your response.

The DBQ will focus on a historical development in the years 1754-1980.

Section 2, Part B: Long Essay

The final part of the AP US History test is the Long Essay, for which you must choose one of three possible prompts and write an essay on the topic. You'll have 40 minutes to write your response, which will count for 15% of your overall AP score.

To earn full credit here, you must develop a clear and logical argument and support it with relevant historical evidence (which won't be directly provided to you as it will be on the DBQ).

Each of the three essay prompts revolves around a different time period in US history:

• Essay Prompt 1: 1491-1800
• Essay Prompt 2: 1800-1898
• Essay Prompt 3: 1890-2001

Content Background for the AP US History Exam

There are eight themes addressed in the AP US History course , and all of them show up in one form or another on the exam across the nine units, or time periods . Each represents a subset of learning objectives that students are expected to master. You can read more about these learning objectives in the AP US History Course and Exam Description .

Before I give you a broad overview of the eight themes, let's take a look at how the major units are weighted on the AP US History exam :

Below, we give you the definition of each course theme as described in the AP US History Course Description.

Theme 1: American and National Identity

Focuses on how and why definitions of American and national identity and values have developed among the diverse and changing population of North America as well as on related topics, such as citizenship, constitutionalism, foreign policy, assimilation, and American exceptionalism.

Theme 2: Work, Exchange, and Technology

Focuses on the factors behind the development of systems of economic exchange, particularly the role of technology, economic markets, and government.

Theme 3: Geography and the Environment

Focuses on the role of geography and both the natural and human-made environments in the social and political developments in what would become the United States.

Theme 4: Migration and Settlement

Focuses on why and how the various people who moved to and within the United States both adapted to and transformed their new social and physical environments.

Theme 5: Politics and Power

Focuses on how different social and political groups have influenced society and government in the United States as well as how political beliefs and institutions have changed over time.

Theme 6: America in the World

Focuses on the interactions between nations that affected North American history in the colonial period and on the influence of the United States on world affairs.

Theme 7: American and Regional Culture

Focuses on how and why national, regional, and group cultures developed and changed as well as how culture has shaped government policy and the economy.

Theme 8: Social Structures

Focuses on how and why systems of social organization develop and change as well as the impact that these systems have on the broader society.

Sample AP US History Questions

Now that you have a sense of the test content, I'll present you with sample questions to give you a better idea of what the AP US History exam actually looks like. All sample questions come from the official US History Course and Exam Description .

Sample Multiple-Choice Question

For multiple choice, you're given one or two pieces of historical evidence followed by a set of questions that ask you to do some analysis . The US History exam is less about knowing specific dates and names and more about being able to draw conclusions and connect themes based on materials provided by the test.

To answer this question, you don't even really need to know much about US history, as long as you pay attention to exactly what's written in the passage, or the secondary source you've been given. The passage here is mainly focused on the increase in commerce in New York as a result of the opening of the Erie Canal.

Answer choice A mentions commerce—that's a good sign—but specifically commerce with Native Americans, who are not mentioned at all in the passage, so this is unlikely to be the right answer.

Answer choice B discusses increased access to markets in the United States, which seems to echo what the passage says about commerce in New York. We'll hold onto this as a potential answer.

Answer choice C is all about the internal slave trade, which isn't mentioned at all in the secondary source, so we can assume this is wrong.

Answer choice D talks about agricultural production, which, again, isn't the focus of the passage—that's commerce. As a result, we can cross this off our list.

This means that the only logical answer to choose is answer choice B .

Sample Short-Answer Question

The short-answer questions are technically considered part of the multiple-choice section because they're less involved than the essay questions. Alt hough they do have multiple parts, you don't have to come up with a thesis—one-sentence answers are OK. These questions are about succinctly connecting themes and reference materials to specific events or trends.

Here's an example:

This short-answer question is an example of question 1, which comes with two secondary sources. As you can see, you'll have to answer three separate parts (A, B, and C), each of which is worth 1 point ; this means you can earn up to 3 points for each short-answer question.

Here's how you could earn full credit for this sample question, per the official scoring guidelines .

(A) Sample Answers

• Peiss argues that pursuits of entertainment in dance halls by working class women created new, legitimate social spaces for women, however Enstand argues that working women's participation in labor politics gave them a new voice and place in the public sphere.
• Peiss links the growth of women in public social life to a commercial culture that provided opportunities for women to enter the public sphere while Enstand argues that women became political actors who demanded a public voice.

(B) Sample Answers

• Like the dance halls, department stores and amusement parks became aspects of the commercial culture that represented new opportunities for women to enjoy public places as legitimate participants.
• The concept of the New Woman became a cultural phenomenon, as the older idea of separate spheres diminished. The idea of the New Woman supported a more public role for women in the early 1900s.
• The growth of cities and urban America gave young women more opportunities to leave rural America and participate in the developments described by Peiss.
• New technologies such as electric lighting made possible new public spaces for personal freedom for women.

(C) Sample Answers

• Women's participation in the suffrage movement, settlement house work, temperance organizing, and the Progressive movement all contributed to modern attitudes about women and increased their roles in the public sphere.
• The ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution gave women the vote and a voice in politics.
• Women were the main participants in the New York shirtwaist strike of 1909. During this strike women made public demands like those described by Enstad.
• Women organized or participated in labor unions such as the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) which is an example of their growing voice in the public sphere.
• Working-class women had key public roles in the successful Lawrence (Massachusetts) textile strike of 1912, this demonstrates that women became active political voices through labor movements.

Sample Document-Based Question

With the DBQ , you'll have seven different historical documents to examine . To earn full credit, you must use at least six documents as evidence in your answer. These documents range from transcripts of folk songs, to excerpts from letters and newspapers, to demographic maps.

Here's an example of a DBQ (with one document shown):

There are several components of a solid response to this question. The DBQ is worth a total of 7 raw points . Here's how you could earn full credit, according to the scoring guidelines .

Sample Long Essay Question

For the Long Essay, you must choose between three prompts . Here's an example of a potential prompt:

Your essay should include many of the same elements as your answer to the DBQ, but there are no documents to analyze and reference , so you'll have less time to write. The essay is worth 6 raw points .

Here's how you could earn full credit for the sample question above, per the scoring guidelines .

How Is the AP US History Exam Scored?

Here, we'll go over how each section on the AP US History exam is scored, scaled, and combined to give you your final AP score on the 1-5 scale .

On the multiple-choice section, you earn 1 raw point for each question you answer correctly; this means that the max score you can earn here is 55 points. No points are taken off for incorrect answers.

Each of the three short-answer questions is worth 3 points, so there are 9 points possible in this section.

The DBQ is scored out of 7 points and is based on the following criteria, per the scoring guide :

• Thesis/claim: 1 point
• Contextualization: 1 point
• Evidence from the documents: 2 points
• Evidence beyond the documents: 1 point
• Sourcing: 1 point
• Complexity: 1 point

Lastly, the Long Essay is out of 6 raw points and is scored using the following criteria:

• Evidence: 2 points
• Analysis and reasoning: 2 points

On essay questions, points are taken off for errors only if they detract from the quality of the argument being made (in other words, don't go making up historical facts to support your argument). Grammatical and other technical errors aren't a big deal as long as they don't inhibit the grader's ability to understand what your essay is saying.

The total number of raw points you can earn on the AP US History test is 77:

• 55 points for the Multiple Choice questions
• 9 points for the Short Answer questions
• 7 points for the DBQ
• 6 points for the Long Essay

Raw scores can be converted to scaled scores out of 150 . Here's how to do that for each section:

• Multiple Choice: Multiply your raw multiple-choice section score out of 55 by 1.09
• Short Answer: Multiply your raw short-answer score out of 9 by 3.33
• DBQ: Multiply your raw DBQ score out of 7 by 5.36
• Long Essay: Multiply your raw Long Essay score out of 6 by 3.75

Finally, add all the scores together to get your final scaled AP score for US History! Here is a chart to show you approximately how these scaled scores translate to final AP scores:

Source: The College Board

I made my best estimates based on other AP score conversion charts because there was no official scaled-to-AP-score conversion chart online for US History. Your AP teacher or review book might have a more accurate score conversion system you can use for official practice tests.

4 Essential Tips for Acing the AP US History Exam

AP US History is a grueling test that requires intense critical thinking and analytical skills. Here are some helpful tips to remember if you hope to do well on test day.

#1: Don't Confuse Accurate Facts for Correct Answers

Many multiple-choice questions will list answers that are accurate representations of historical events or trends but that don't directly respond to the question being asked . Be wary of these answers on the test so you don't accidentally choose them over more relevant responses.

In the multiple-choice question I gave above as an example, one incorrect choice was "The growth in the internal slave trade." At the time referenced in the question, this was a real trend that occurred, but because it doesn't relate directly to the passage given, it's still the wrong answer .

Don't let these types of answer choices confuse you; adhere to the particulars of the question and the evidence presented to you!

#2: Pay Attention to Details—Read Excerpts Carefully

Most of this AP exam is based on historical reference materials, meaning that you won't be able to answer questions correctly without reading carefully. Even if you know everything there is to know about US History, that knowledge will mostly just serve to contextualize the evidence presented on the test. The specific details found in the writings and images will ultimately reveal the best answer choice.

#3: Plan Before You Write

It's critical to write well-organized, focused essays on the AP US History test. A clear thesis is the first thing on the agenda. You then need to make sure that the rest of your essay ties back into your thesis and provides relevant evidence throughout. If you jump into writing an essay without taking the time to organize your thoughts, you're more likely to ramble or get off-topic from the main focus of the question.

For the DBQ, you should spend 15 of the 60 minutes planning how to organize your thoughts and how to use the different documents as evidence. While you will have less time for the Long Essay, you should still spend five minutes or so writing a brief outline before starting your final draft.

#4: Use Outside Evidence Wisely

It's a smart idea to incorporate additional background knowledge into your DBQ and Long Essay responses on the AP US History test. It shows that you've mastered the material and can connect themes to what you learned in class and not just what was presented to you in the question.

That said, don't include outside knowledge unless it really bolsters your argument . If you're just sticking it in there to prove how much you know, your essay will lack focus and you might lose points.

This is why it's so important to plan ahead. In the planning stage, you can think of examples that tie into your thesis and strategically place them throughout your essay in ways that contribute to your point.

Conclusion: Getting a Great Score on the AP US History Exam

The AP US History exam is one of the longer AP tests, and it has four different types of questions: Multiple Choice, Short Answer, Document-Based Question (DBQ), and Long Essay.

The main thread running through this test is an emphasis on analyzing historical evidence and applying outside knowledge in context. In your studying, you will need to learn to connect the themes of the course to events spanning 500 years of US history.

Here are some study tips to heed as you prep for the AP US History test:

• Don't mistake accurate facts for correct answers
• Always read excerpts carefully
• Plan before writing your essays
• Use outside evidence strategically

Make sure that you practice all the different types of exam questions with official materials before you sit down to take the real test . If you get used to thinking about history in an analytical, evidence-based context, you should have no problem earning a high US History score!

What's Next?

Looking for more practice materials? Check out our article on the best online quizzes you can take to prepare for the AP US History test !

Review books can be extremely helpful tools in preparing for AP exams. If you can't decide which one to get, take a look at this list of the best review books for the AP US History test .

Did you lose some of your notes? Feel free to use these links to AP US History notes for every section of the course .

Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. In high school, she earned a 2400 on the SAT, 5's on all seven of her AP tests, and was named a National Merit Scholar.

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American history since 1865.

For our first paper assignment, you will be asked to write a short essay that responds to the following prompt:

The historian Eric Foner argues that Reconstruction should be understood as an “unfinished revolution.” 1 In what ways, if any, were the American Civil War and the Reconstruction period that followed revolutionary, and for whom? What was left “unfinished” by Reconstruction?

Essays should present an original argument that responds to the above prompt. This argument should be unique (of your own making) and should reflect careful and serious engagement with course materials. It should also be clearly expressed and organized, so a reader would have no problem understanding both the overall argument and its progression through your essay. In crafting your argument, you should draw on lecture, discussion, and secondary source readings (materials assigned for Lecture 2). Evidence in support of this argument should be drawn from at least three primary sources (materials assigned for Lecture 3).

Essays should be approximately 1250 words in length (please include a word count at the end of your essay), double-spaced, and written in a 12 point font. They should include page numbers, properly formatted footnotes with accurate citations, and a title that reflects the paper’s argument. All sources should be cited using the Chicago Manual of Style (see the Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide ). For an example of what citations in Chicago format look like, see the footnote at the bottom of this page.

Essays will be evaluated according to:

• The quality of the analysis and argument presented
• The strength of the evidence marshaled in support of that argument
• The clarity and quality of written expression (this includes style, grammar, and proper citation)

Essay #1 is due during Lecture 5.  

1 Eric Foner, Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877 (New York: Harper Collins,1988).

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The tapestry of American history is woven with the threads of various social movements that have influenced the nation's political, cultural, and ideological landscapes. One of the more turbulent threads is that of the Weather Underground, a radical left-wing organization that gained notoriety in the late 1960s and 1970s. Ann Arbor, Michigan, known primarily for its prestigious university and its progressive ideals, served as an influential hub for the Weather Underground, catalyzing a tempest of activism that swept across the […]

Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal in American History: Unpacking a Progressive Promise

In the annals of American history, few presidential promises have resonated through the ages quite like Theodore Roosevelt's Square Deal. Conceived as a cornerstone of his domestic policy, the Square Deal was Roosevelt’s ambitious blueprint to offer a fair shake to every American citizen. Not merely a set of isolated reforms, the Square Deal was an ethos, a political philosophy, and a rallying cry for equity that has since become emblematic of early 20th-century progressivism. At the heart of the […]

How the Great Depression Affected African Americans

In the 1920s, African Americans were looked upon as lower class individuals and as a result, had very low paying jobs. Now, just imagine an economic crisis in such a situation. It will be chaotic. Unfortunately, an economic crisis did hit, and many African Americans lost their jobs, to leave the jobs for the white Americans. This economic crisis, plus the racial inequality African Americans faced caused a great depression amongst African Americans, which affected them till 1960. During this […]

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In the patchwork quilt of American history, there are swatches stained with the darker hues of aggression and injustice. One such fragment is the story of the Paxton Boys, a group whose actions in the 1760s offer a revealing glimpse into the frictions and factions of colonial Pennsylvania. The Paxton Boys’ narrative is not just a local tale of a vigilante group; it embodies the broader dynamics of colonial unrest, the complicated relationships with Native Americans, and the seeds of […]

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Introduction James Loewen’s 1995 book, Lies My Teacher Told Me captiously, explores twelve idealistic high school textbooks and establishes the Eurocentric and factious sentiments of American history. In a critique of prevalent historical themes, Lies My Teacher Told Me analyzes how American history courses and, more notably, their textbook counterparts act as an injustice to students and the nation they aspire to conserve. In the opening remarks, Something Has Gone Very Wrong, Loewen scrutinizes the rampant dislike of history courses […]

What was the Great Depression?

The Great Depression was a dramatic shift in the US economy leaving people homeless and people didn't have a way to make a living. .This made the government create new programs called the New Deal it however failed to stop the Great Depression and these programs wasted a lot of money..The Great Depression started in 1929 it was the biggest economic downfall in US History it left a lot people without jobs and banks started going out of business all […]

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During the Great Depression, Franklin D.Roosevelt stated, "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." As World War I ended and the 1920's boom in the industry deteriorated, the Great Depression developed and the result was dreadful. The crash affected millions of people and lasted for about a decade. United States was in a state of despair, as banking systems failed, many people were unemployed, and prices drastically fell. War-producing factories shut down, farms/homes were lost to possession […]

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The Great Depression is a major event in American history impacted the lives of many Americans and others around the World. Following World War I, the Great Depression brought pain, confusion, and suffering to a countless amount of Americans lives. Any hope Americans had at the time was lost because of this tragic event. Unfortunately, all workers at this time no longer could feel comfortable with the economy around them. Essentially, the economy was ruined and created chaos across America. […]

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The Great Depression had a devastating impact on the nation, spreading across the countryside and bringing hardship to big cities and small towns. No social, racial, or economic class was excluded. At the depth of the depression, in 1933: 13 million people were unemployed, 50% percent of the banks had foreclosed, national income fell by 42% and one million people were homeless. There were multiple reasons the depression occurred. The series of factors that caused this event were the 1929 […]

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How To Write An Essay On American History

Introduction to american history as an essay topic.

Writing an essay on American history involves delving into the rich and complex narrative of the United States' past. It's a journey through significant events, influential figures, and transformative periods that have shaped the nation. In your introduction, specify the particular aspect or period of American history you will focus on, such as the Revolutionary War, the Civil Rights Movement, or a specific presidency. Establish the importance of this topic in understanding the current social, political, and cultural landscape of the United States. This introduction should provide a brief overview of the historical context and set the stage for a deeper analysis.

Researching and Presenting Historical Facts

When exploring a topic in American history, thorough research is crucial to understand the events, their causes, and their effects. Use credible sources like academic journals, history books, and primary documents to gather information. In presenting these facts, maintain a clear and organized structure, guiding the reader through the chronological order or thematic development of your topic. For instance, if writing about the Civil Rights Movement, discuss key events like the Montgomery Bus Boycott, the March on Washington, and landmark legislation. Accurate representation of historical facts forms the backbone of your essay, providing the reader with a well-informed perspective.

Analyzing and Interpreting Historical Events

Beyond presenting historical facts, your essay should analyze and interpret these events. Discuss the broader implications of these events on American society, politics, and culture. For example, analyze how the Industrial Revolution changed economic structures and social dynamics in America, or how the outcomes of the Civil War shaped the nation's future. This analysis should offer insight into the complexities of historical events, revealing the interconnectedness of various factors and the long-term impacts on the United States.

Concluding with Reflections on American History

Conclude your essay by summarizing the main points of your discussion and offering reflections on the significance of your historical topic. Consider how understanding this aspect of American history provides insights into contemporary issues facing the nation. Reflect on the lessons that can be learned from the past and how they can inform present and future decisions. A well-crafted conclusion will not only encapsulate your analysis but also emphasize the relevance of studying American history, inspiring readers to appreciate its impact on today's society and their own lives.

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The United States History Essay

Introduction, american imperialism, key arguments.

When the terms imperialism, empire, and colonialism are mentioned, the usual and natural association takes place with historic events, such as Great Britain or Spanish Empire. However, Daniel Immerwahr, in his book called How to Hide an Empire, reveals a highly critical education point and perspective on the fact that the modern United States is an empire hidden from the plain sight of its mainland citizens. His central argument is that the United States is a pointillist empire of global proportions, and the American population is not aware of this fact due to the use of language and filtration of history.

Since the moment the United States gained its independence from Great Britain, it focused its foreign policy on the expansion of its influence. The war with Spain led to the acquisition of highly populated territories or colonies, such as Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. These so-called territories were, in fact, colonies of the United States, which were proudly referred to as such by the likes of Woodrow Wilson (Immerwahr, 2019). The majority of these territorial lands are still under the United States’ imperial control to this day. An authentic understanding of American history clearly shows the scale and scope of United States imperialism and expansion. For example, Supreme Court, at some point, needed to decide which colonies had to be granted statehood and which had not (Immerwahr, 2019).

For example, it is argued that Alaska and Hawaii were primarily included in the United States by extending the application of the Constitution to these regions’ citizens due to their population being mostly White (Immerwahr, 2019). Therefore, there was a strong element of racism involved in this decision-making even though Puerto Rica could have been included in the US, but due to its non-White population, it was kept as a territory.

The author of the book provides several insightful pieces of evidence to reveal the fact that the United States is a pointillist empire of global proportions. The author constructs his arguments by using historical facts, an accurate description of the current state of the US, and focusing on key moments in history to illustrate and reshape the usual understanding of America. Immerwahr outstandingly demonstrates the imperialism of America by beginning his argumentation since the inception of the nation. He adheres to the chronological order of American history and illustrates how the Greater United States was always an empire and still is an empire.

The first evidence is rooted in the map of America, where the United States is usually depicted as a unified landmass of its states, including Alaska and Hawaii. However, the Greater United States also includes a wide range of islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, and many critical lands under the US military bases scattered across the world. Although the cumulative mass of these lands might not be as large as one might expect, the United States adheres to the frameworks of the pointillist empire, which only holds small but highly important pieces of land in strategic positions to assert its dominance and authority without appearing imperialistic.

The second piece of evidence is rooted in historical accounts during World War II and the response of the leadership toward the Japanese invasion. The author showcases how the president of the period struggled and manipulated the information to carefully communicate as well as justify going to war against Japan. Although Japan swiftly attacked the Philippines, Guam, and Hawaii and held the former under the cruelest occupations, the American leaders did not use that information as a reason why the US was declaring war against Japan. By stating that Japan attacked American Hawaii, the act was justified to the public (Immerwahr, 2019).

It is evident that the Philippines, as an American colony, suffered significantly more from the Japanese invasion than Hawaii. However, to keep the American mainland public unaware of the Greater Empire of the United States, such communication methods were utilized.

The third evidence is the application of the United States Constitution in its colonies, which is non-existent. Such a state of affairs enabled the conduct of inhumane experiments and the practice of unconstitutional activities, such as torture. For example, Dr. Cornelius Rhoads was a Harvard graduate who traveled to Puerto Rico and conducted unethical experiments on the inhabitants of the American colony (Immerwahr, 2019).

He killed several people and injured and impaired others by refusing to treat them, injecting them with dangerous parasites and cancer inducers, and other forms of unethical and immoral practices. After such practices were revealed, he returned to the United States and never faced any form of ramification. It took several decades to realize that he was advocating for Puerto Rico’s genocide as a population.

The fourth piece of evidence is the language used to hide the American empire. For example, it is stated that at some point, the colonies of the United States were renamed into territories in order not to appear imperialistic, at least for the American citizens (Immerwahr, 2019). The use of such a language is a powerful tool, which allows the nation to keep the public unaware of America’s imperialist practices. In addition, American English became an international language, not on its own but because the US was highly successful and effective at exporting its language abroad.

It should be noted that Immerwahr uses a variety of sources to support his arguments by utilizing books, archive documents, historical accounts, research articles, journal articles, speech documents, legislative documents, newspaper articles, memorandums, biographies from official websites, and literature. The fact that he uses such a wide range of different sources enables him to defend his arguments in a multifaceted way by enriching his statements with factual data. With his book, the author seeks to reeducate the American public about the true nature of American history and its current imperialism.

By knowing this information, the public will be aware of the atrocities and crimes committed by the government against inhabitants of American colonies, and thus, will keep in check that the arbitrary laws imposed on the territories will not violate their rights. It will also educate people to be more knowledgeable about the global influence of the United States since by understanding the power of the pointillist structure, it becomes more apparent why America is an empire hidden from sight.

In conclusion, Immerwahr’s central argument is that the United States is a pointillist empire of global proportions, and the American population is not aware of this fact due to the use of language and filtration of history. The arguments are highly compelling and well-structured because they are authentic, accurate, well-evidenced, and adhere to the chronological course of American history. The author showcases the imperialist foundations of the United States, which allowed it to grow to what it is today.

Immerwahr, D. (2019). How to hide an empire: A history of the greater United States . Farrar, Straus and Giroux.

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IvyPanda. (2022, December 5). The United States History. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-united-states-history/

"The United States History." IvyPanda , 5 Dec. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/the-united-states-history/.

IvyPanda . (2022) 'The United States History'. 5 December.

IvyPanda . 2022. "The United States History." December 5, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-united-states-history/.

1. IvyPanda . "The United States History." December 5, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-united-states-history/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The United States History." December 5, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-united-states-history/.

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543 American History Essay Topics & Good Ideas

18 January 2024

last updated

Exploring the multifaceted nature of American history provides a wide range of thought-provoking essay topics. Basically, there are many subjects that can be analyzed, studying the country’s indigenous origins, its struggle for independence, its participation in world wars, the civil rights movement, technological advancements, ongoing sociopolitical discourse, and others. In the United States (US), some themes can focus on significant events, like the Revolutionary War or the Space Race, important figures, such as Abraham Lincoln, Rosa Parks, or Martin Luther King Jr., or major periods, including the Great Depression or the Cold War era. The examination of how historical influences have shaped current American society, issues of racial and gender equality, immigration policy, and foreign affairs, offers rich perspectives. Thus, American history essay topics cover a deep understanding of the evolution of the nation built on diverse ethnicities and ideologies.

Cool American History Essay Topics

• Examination of Manifest Destiny’s Influence on Territorial Expansion
• Colonial Era’s Impact on Modern American Democracy
• Evaluating the Emancipation Proclamation’s Consequences
• Prohibition Era: Analysis of Society and Law
• Understanding the Trail of Tears: Native American Displacement
• Civil War’s Effects on American Industrialization
• Abolition Movement’s Roles in Shaping American Values
• Vietnam War: Implications for Foreign Policy
• Exploring Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Milestone in Gender Equality
• Apollo Program’s Influence on Science and Technology
• Examining the Harlem Renaissance’s Impact on African American Culture
• McCarthyism’s Consequences on Freedom of Expression
• Revolutionary War: Analysis of the Birth of a Nation
• Influence of Immigration on the Cultural Landscape of America
• Civil Rights Movement’s Impact on Legislation and Society
• Japanese Internment during World War II: An Examination
• Investigation of the Cuban Missile Crisis’ Effect on Cold War Tensions
• Roles of Transcontinental Railroad in Westward Expansion
• Impacts of the Great Awakening on American Religious Practices
• Watergate Scandal: A Study in Political Ethics
• Exploration of the Roaring Twenties’ Societal Shifts
• Revolutionary Figures: Contributions of the Founding Fathers

Easy American History Research Topics

• American Exceptionalism: Origins and Influence on Global Policy
• Analysis of the Louisiana Purchase’s Impact on Expansion
• Jazz Age: Implications for American Music and Culture
• Evaluating the Space Race: National Pride and Technological Advancement
• Consequences of the Teapot Dome Scandal in the Roaring Twenties
• Federalist Papers: Shaping American Governance
• Westward Expansion: Effect on Native American Communities
• Impacts of the Dred Scott Decision on Slavery Debates
• Cold War: Ramifications for American Society
• Influence of Thomas Paine’s ‘Common Sense’ on Revolutionary Sentiment
• Exploration of American Neutrality in World War I
• Bay of Pigs Invasion: An Examination of Failed Foreign Policy
• The Dust Bowl: Environmental Impact and Migration
• Roles of Television in the Nixon-Kennedy Debates
• The Stonewall Riots: Catalyst for the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement
• Populist Movement: Impact on American Politics
• Influence of the Gold Rush on California’s Development
• Ratification of the Bill of Rights: Impact on Citizen Liberties
• Rise of Labor Unions: Influencing Workers’ Rights
• Civil War Reconstruction: Successes and Failures
• The Zenger Trial: A Landmark for Freedom of the Press

Interesting US History Topics

• Exploration of the Battle of Gettysburg’s Significance in the Civil War
• Implications of the Monroe Doctrine on American Foreign Policy
• Marbury vs. Madison: Analysis of Judicial Review
• Unraveling the Causes and Consequences of the Iran-Contra Affair
• The American Red Scare: Effects on Society and Politics
• Causes and Implications of the 1929 Wall Street Crash
• Underground Railroad: Role in Abolitionist Movement
• Analysis of the Three-Fifths Compromise’s Impact on Representation
• Significance of the Missouri Compromise in Slavery Debates
• The Pentagon Papers: A Study in Government Transparency
• Roles of Susan B. Anthony in the Women’s Suffrage Movement
• Influence of the Scopes Trial on the Teaching of Evolution
• Understanding the Impact of the GI Bill on Post-War America
• Tracing the Development of American Modernism in the 20th Century
• Federal Indian Policy: An Examination of Treaties and Legislation
• Impacts of the Homestead Act on Westward Expansion
• Analysis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition’s Contribution to Scientific Discovery
• Analysis of the Pentagon Papers’ Effect on Public Trust
• Exploration of the Boston Tea Party’s Impact on Revolutionary Sentiment
• Vietnam War Protest Movement: Influence on Public Policy
• Mexican-American War: Causes and Consequences
• Repercussions of the Atomic Bomb on Global Politics
• The Gilded Age: Scrutinizing Wealth and Inequality

US History Topics for High School

• Impacts of the Gold Rush on California’s Development
• Significance of the Monroe Doctrine in US Foreign Policy
• Manifest Destiny and Expansion of the American West
• Examination of The Great Depression’s Socioeconomic Effects
• Role of Women in the American Revolution
• Native American Resistance: Case Study of the Sioux Nation
• Influence of Jazz Music on the Harlem Renaissance
• Abolitionism’s Effect on Pre-Civil War Politics
• Reconstruction Era: Assessing its Success and Failures
• Impact of Immigration Waves on American Culture and Economy
• Evolution of US Foreign Policy During the Cold War
• Transformation of American Society During the Roaring Twenties
• Examination of The Civil Rights Movement’s Major Milestones
• Roles of Labor Unions in the Industrial Revolution
• Influence of The Second Amendment on Gun Control Debates
• Native American Assimilation Policy: The Carlisle Indian School
• Cuban Missile Crisis: A Pivotal Moment in Cold War History
• Women’s Suffrage Movement and the 19th Amendment
• Exploration of the Gilded Age’s Economic Disparities
• Significance of the Federalist Papers in Constitutional Interpretation
• Analysis of the Patriot Act’s Impact on Civil Liberties
• Effects of the Vietnam War on Domestic Social Movements
• Roles of New Deal Programs in America’s Economic Recovery

US History Topics for College Students

• Exploration and Impact of the Louisiana Purchase
• Evolution of the American Civil Rights Movement
• Native American Resistance to European Colonization
• Establishment and Influence of the Federal Reserve System
• Impacts of Industrialization on American Society
• Consequences of Prohibition: The 18th and 21st Amendments
• Influential Innovations During the Second Industrial Revolution
• Manifest Destiny and Its Sociopolitical Implications
• African-American Soldiers in the American Civil War
• Formation and Legacy of the Hudson Bay Company
• Roles of Religion in the Founding of American Colonies
• American Policy and the Vietnam War: An Analysis
• Development of the Transcontinental Railroad
• Expansion of American Pop Culture During the Cold War
• Key Legal Cases in the Fight for Desegregation
• LGBTQ+ Rights: The Stonewall Riots and Beyond
• Role of the American Media During the Gulf War
• Technological Advances and the American Space Race
• Examination of the US Immigration Policies Throughout History
• Rise of American Suburbia in the Post-WWII Era
• Development of the American Healthcare System: Legislation and Impact

US History Topics for University

• Watergate Scandal and Its Influence on American Politics
• Native American Civil Rights Movement in the 20th Century
• Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold War Diplomacy and Consequences
• Influence of the American Labor Movement on Working Conditions
• Mexican-American War: Causes, Progress, and Consequences
• Women’s Suffrage: From Seneca Falls to the 19th Amendment
• Role of American Inventors in the Age of Enlightenment
• Effects of the US Interstate Highway System on American Society
• Examination of the US Intervention in Latin America
• Impacts of the Baby Boomer Generation on American Culture
• California Gold Rush and its Influence on Westward Expansion
• Abolition Movement: Influential Figures and Strategies
• Development and Impact of the US Postal Service
• Key Economic Policies of the Roosevelt Administration
• Influence of the Harlem Renaissance on American Literature
• Technological Shifts and the Digital Age in America
• Evolution of Gun Control Legislation in the United States
• Exploration of the Oregon Trail: Migration and Hardship
• Rise and Fall of the American Temperance Movement
• Impacts of the GI Bill on Post-War American Society
• American Imperialism: From the Philippines to Puerto Rico
• Cultural Significance of the American Beat Generation
• Causes and Outcomes of the American Housing Bubble in 2008

American History Essay Topics on Revolution Battles and Key Events

• The Battle of Saratoga and Its Influence on the American Revolution
• African Americans’ Roles in Revolutionary War
• Impacts of the Battle of Yorktown on American Independence
• Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” and Its Revolutionary Ideals
• Women’s Contributions to the American Revolution
• The Battle of Trenton: Pivotal Point in Revolutionary War
• Boston Massacre: Instigator of Colonial Dissent
• French Alliance: A Game-Changer in American Victory
• Constitutional Convention: Shaping the American Government
• The Battle of Bunker Hill: Boosting Revolutionary Morale
• Declaration of Independence: Foundation of American Nationhood
• Lexington and Concord: Sparking the Revolutionary War
• Native Americans’ Impacts on the American Revolution
• Treaty of Paris (1783): Securing American Independence
• Battle of Cowpens: Key Turning Point in Southern Campaign
• George Washington’s Influence on Revolutionary Leadership
• Valley Forge: Endurance and Transformation During the Revolution
• Guilford Courthouse: Decisive Battle in the Southern Campaign
• Stamp Act Crisis: Prelude to Revolutionary Resistance
• Militia’s Roles in the Revolutionary War

American Essay History Topics Before 1865

• Founding Fathers’ Vision for a Democratic Republic
• Revolutionary War: Catalyst for American Independence
• Slavery and the Abolitionist Movement
• Louisiana Purchase: Expanding National Borders
• Manifest Destiny and Westward Expansion
• Underground Railroad: Resistance against Slavery
• Boston Tea Party: Igniting the American Revolution
• Emancipation Proclamation: Eliminating Slavery in the Confederacy
• Declaration of Independence: Establishing American Nationhood
• Constitutional Convention: Framing the US Constitution
• Dred Scott Case: Impact on African Americans’ Rights
• Lewis and Clark Expedition: Exploring the Western Frontier
• Industrialization: Transforming American Society
• Battle of Yorktown: British Surrender and American Victory
• Women’s Suffrage Movement: Achieving Voting Rights for Women
• Mexican-American War: Annexing Texas and Western Territories
• Great Awakening: Religious Revival in Colonial America
• Missouri Compromise: Balancing Free and Slave States
• Marbury vs. Madison: Establishing Judicial Review
• War of 1812: Forging American National Identity

US Research Paper Topics on Black History

• Struggles and Triumphs: The Impact of the Underground Railroad on Black History
• The Legacy of Harriet Tubman: A Trailblazer for Freedom and Equality
• Examining the Abolitionist Movement: From Slavery to Liberation
• African American Soldiers in the Civil War: Their Role and Contribution
• Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott: Igniting Change for Civil Rights
• Martin Luther King Jr.: A Visionary Leader for Equality
• The Black Panthers: Revolutionizing Racial Empowerment
• Celebrating Black Culture and Artistic Expression: The Harlem Renaissance
• Pioneers of African American Military Aviation: The Tuskegee Airmen
• Desegregation in Schools: Brown vs. Board of Education’s Impact
• The March on Washington: A Milestone for Civil Rights Advancement
• Malcolm X: A Voice for Black Nationalism and Self-Determination
• Rebuilding After the Civil War: The Era of Reconstruction
• Breaking Down Legal Barriers: The Civil Rights Act of 1964
• The Great Migration: Black Americans’ Journey Northward
• Integration of New Orleans Schools: Ruby Bridges’ Courageous Stand
• Tragedy and Resilience in Tulsa: The Black Wall Street Massacre
• The Vital Role of Black Women in the Civil Rights Movement
• Redefining Black Identity and Empowerment: The Black Power Movement
• Frederick Douglass: From Escaping Slavery to Becoming a Leader

US History Essay Topics on Civil Rights Movement Topics Beyond the 20th Century

• Women’s Roles in the Civil Rights Struggle Beyond the 20th Century
• LGBTQ+ Activism’s Impacts on Contemporary Civil Rights
• Addressing Police Brutality in the Fight for Civil Rights Today
• Progress and Challenges of the Voting Rights Act in Post-Civil Rights America
• Intersections of Race and Immigration in the Struggle for Equal Rights
• Environmental Justice: Linking It to the Civil Rights Movement Today
• Reparations Debate: Remedying Historical Injustices for Civil Rights
• Disability Rights Movement: Achievements and Ongoing Struggles
• Indigenous Rights Movements: Continuing the Fight for Civil Liberties
• The Battle for Educational Equality in the Post-Civil Rights Era
• Affirmative Action: Equalizing Opportunities or Reverse Discrimination?
• Asian American Civil Rights Activism in the 21st Century
• Criminal Justice System and Civil Rights: Reforming for Equality
• Reproductive Rights as Fundamental Civil Liberties: Progress and Challenges
• Native American Tribal Sovereignty: Preserving Civil Rights in Modern America
• Nonviolent Resistance: A Powerful Tool in Modern Civil Rights Movements
• Addressing Racial Disparities: Civil Rights and the Mass Incarceration Crisis
• Immigrant Rights Movements: Upholding Civil Liberties in America
• Islamophobia and Civil Rights: Combating Discrimination in the 21st Century
• LGBTQ+ Rights: Fighting for Equality and Marriage Freedom
• Balancing Second Amendment Rights and Public Safety: The Gun Control Debate

American History Essay Topics on Cold War and McCarthyism

• Impacts of the Korean Conflict on Cold War Politics
• Red Scare and the Hollywood Blacklist
• Space Race and Significance in Cold War Dynamics
• Eisenhower’s “New Look” Policy and Nuclear Arms Race
• Berlin Crisis and Construction of the Wall
• McCarthyism and Suppression of Civil Liberties
• Bay of Pigs Invasion: Failed US Intervention in Cuba
• Vietnam Conflict as Proxy War in Cold Era
• Marshall Plan and American Economic Aid in Cold War
• Suez Crisis: Cold War Politics in the Middle East
• U-2 Spy Plane Incident and Escalating Tensions
• Hungarian Revolution and Soviet Repression
• Cultural Impacts of the Beat Generation During the Cold War
• Arms Control Negotiations: SALT and START Treaties
• Domino Theory and US Involvement in Southeast Asia
• CIA’s Roles in Covert Operations During Cold Conflict
• Influence of Korean Conflict on US Military Strategy
• Space Exploration: Cold War Competition for Technological Superiority
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: A Step Toward Détente
• Brinkmanship Strategy and Cuban Missile Crisis

American History Topics on Civil Rights Movement

• The Impact of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
• The Influence of Brown vs. Board of Education on Desegregation
• The March on Washington: Pursuing Equality
• Nonviolent Resistance: Catalyst for the Civil Rights Movement
• The Voting Rights Act: Expanding Ballot Access
• Freedom Riders: Challenging Segregation in Transportation
• Sit-In Movement: Breaking the Chains of Racial Segregation
• Birmingham Campaign: A Turning Point in the Struggle for Civil Rights
• Formation and Significance of the Black Panther Party
• Assassination of Malcolm X: Impact on the Civil Rights Movement
• Selma to Montgomery March: Milestone for Voting Rights
• Mississippi Freedom Summer: Empowering African American Voters
• Women’s Contributions to the Civil Rights Movement
• Black Power Movement: Revolutionizing Activism
• Civil Rights Act of 1964: Banning Discrimination
• Integration of Little Rock Central High School: Breaking Barriers
• Chicago Freedom Movement: Urban Segregation and Activism
• Medgar Evers’ Assassination: Tragic Loss for the Civil Rights Movement
• Fair Housing Act of 1968: Combating Housing Discrimination
• Albany Movement: Lessons From an Unsuccessful Campaign
• Impacts of the 24th Amendment: Eliminating Poll Taxes

US History Essay Topics on Immigration & Ethnic

• The Impact of Irish Immigration on American Society
• Chinese Exclusion Act: Origins and Ramifications
• Mexican Migration and the Bracero Program
• Italian Americans: Assimilation and Cultural Heritage
• The Great Migration: African American Movement to the North
• Japanese Internment: World War II Consequences
• Ellis Island: Gateway to the American Dream
• The Harlem Renaissance: Cultural Expression and Immigrants
• Irish Americans: Famine, Resilience, and Success
• Puerto Rican Migration and Nuyorican Culture
• Angel Island: The West Coast Immigration Center
• Immigration’s Impacts on Industrialization in the United States
• Polish Americans: Traditions and Integration
• The Bracero Program and Agricultural Labor
• Jewish Immigration and American Zionism
• Chinese Exclusion Act’s Influence on Immigration Policy
• Mexican Americans: Struggles and Achievements in the Southwest
• Immigration and the California Gold Rush
• German Americans: Contributions and Integration in American Society
• The Immigration Act of 1924: Restricting National Origins

American Industrial Revolution History Topics

• Roles of Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin in Industrial Transformation
• Evolution of Transportation: Railroad’s Influence on American Industry
• The Rise of Urbanization during the Industrial Era
• Women’s Participation in the Industrial Workforce: Challenges and Achievements
• Native American Communities: Industrialization’s Impact
• Labor Movements and Worker Rights in the Industrial Age
• Technological Advancements and the Birth of the American Industrial Revolution
• Development of Factory System: Transition From Artisanal to Mass Production
• Immigration and Workforce Transformation in the Industrial Revolution
• Agricultural Practices: Industrialization’s Impact on American Farms
• American Markets: Industrial Revolution’s Role in Expansion
• The Growth of Urban Centers: Industrialization’s Effect on Cities
• Child Labor and the Industrial Revolution in America
• Changing Roles of Women in American Society during Industrialization
• Industrialization and American Trade and Commerce
• Government Regulation and Control in American Industrialization
• Impacts of the Industrial Revolution on American Education and Literacy
• Technological Advances in Communication during Industrialization
• Environmental Consequences of American Industrialization
• Industrial Revolution’s Influence on American Architecture
• Effects of Industrialization on American Art and Cultural Trends

Latin American History Essay Topics

• Conquest and Resistance in Latin America
• Economic Exploitation in Colonial Latin America
• Independence Movements in Latin America
• The Impact of European Immigration on Latin American Societies
• The Role of Women in Latin American Independence Movements
• Indigenous Cultures and Their Contributions to Latin American History
• Latin American Revolutions: Comparing Mexico and South America
• The Influence of African Slavery in Latin American Societies
• Dictatorships and Authoritarian Regimes in Latin America
• The Mexican Revolution: Causes and Consequences
• Cultural Identity and Nationalism in Latin America
• The Falklands War: Britain and Argentina in Latin America
• The Zapatista Movement: Indigenous Rights in Mexico
• Latin American Literature and the Boom of the 1960s
• Neoliberalism and Economic Crisis in Latin America
• Drug Trafficking and Its Impact on Latin American Societies
• Environmental Movements in Latin America
• Indigenous Land Rights and Conflicts in Latin America
• The Sandinista Revolution in Nicaragua
• Chilean Dictatorship: Pinochet’s Rule and Its Legacy

American History Topics on Progressive Era

• Reforming the American Education System During the Progressive Era
• Industrialization and Urbanization: Impact on Progressive Era Society
• Regulating Big Business: Anti-Trust Reforms in the Progressive Era
• Political Transformations: From Municipal to National Level in the Progressive Era
• Progressive Era Leaders: Teddy Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson
• Investigating Corruption: Muckrakers and Journalism in the Progressive Era
• Preserving America’s Natural Resources: The Conservation Movement in the Progressive Era
• Labor Rights and Social Justice: Workers’ Struggles in the Progressive Era
• Progressive Era Initiatives: Social Welfare Reforms and Their Impact
• Temperance and Prohibition: The Progressive Era’s Crusade Against Alcohol
• Suffrage and Equality: Women’s Fight for Political Rights in the Progressive Era
• Progressive Era Policies: Immigration Regulations and Nativism
• Ensuring Consumer Safety: Consumer Protection Reforms in the Progressive Era
• Science and Social Control: Eugenics and Social Darwinism in the Progressive Era
• Public Health and Sanitation: Reforms During the Progressive Era
• African Americans and Civil Rights: Challenges in the Progressive Era
• Expanding Federal Power: Progressive Era and the Growth of Government Authority
• Intellectual Movements of the Progressive Era: Pragmatism and Social Gospel
• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire: A Turning Point for Labor Reforms
• Child Labor and Reform Efforts: Progressive Era’s Fight Against Exploitation
• Diversity and Assimilation: Progressive Era Immigration Policies

American History Essay Topics on Roaring Twenties

• Economic Prosperity and Consumerism in the Roaring Twenties
• Impacts of Prohibition on American Society During the Jazz Age
• Women’s Empowerment Movement in the Roaring Twenties
• Jazz Age: Cultural Revolution of the 1920s
• Harlem Renaissance: African-American Art and Culture in the Jazz Age
• Technological Advancements and Their Influence in the Roaring Twenties
• Red Scare and Fear of Communism in 1920s America
• The Great Gatsby: Symbolism and Critique of the Jazz Age
• Flappers and the Evolution of Gender Roles in the Roaring Twenties
• Scopes Trial: Clash of Evolution and Creationism in the 1920s
• Mass Media and Popular Culture in the Roaring Twenties
• Wall Street Crash of 1929: The End of an Era
• Political and Social Movements in the Jazz Age
• Prohibition Enforcement: Bootlegging and Hidden Bars in the 1920s
• Fashion Transformations in the Roaring Twenties
• Impact of Radio and Movies on American Culture in the Roaring Twenties
• Women’s Suffrage Movement and the 19th Amendment in the 1920s
• Race Relations and the KKK in the Roaring Twenties
• Art Deco: Architectural and Design Trends of the Jazz Age
• Automobile Industry’s Influence on American Society in the 1920s

American Reconstruction History Essay Topics

• The Evolution of Freedmen’s Rights in American Reconstruction
• Political Reforms and Transformation in Post-Civil War America
• Economic Shifts and Development During the Reconstruction Era
• The Influence of the Thirteenth Amendment on American Society
• Reconstruction Policies and Their Impact on Southern States
• Women’s Suffrage Movement: A Catalyst in Reconstruction
• African American Political Leadership in the Reconstruction Era
• The Struggle for Civil Rights in the Reconstruction Period
• The Establishment and Impact of the Freedmen’s Bureau
• African Americans’ Changing Roles in Post-Civil War America
• The Reconstruction Amendments: Expanding the Notions of Citizenship
• Education Reforms: Empowering the Disenfranchised During Reconstruction
• The Ku Klux Klan’s Opposition to Reconstruction
• The Reconstruction Act of 1867: Restructuring the South
• The Debate on Land Redistribution in the Reconstruction Era
• Reconstruction’s Enduring Influence on American Identity
• The Compromise of 1877: An End to Reconstruction
• Radical Republicans and Their Influence on the Reconstruction Era
• Shifting Political Dynamics: Southern Power During Reconstruction
• The Legacy of Reconstruction: Shaping American History
• The Supreme Court’s Role in Shaping Reconstruction Policies

LGBTQ+ American History Research Paper Topics

• Historical Milestones of LGBTQ+ Rights in America
• The Stonewall Riots: Catalyst for LGBTQ+ Activism
• Impacts of Harvey Milk on American LGBTQ+ Politics
• Transgender Rights Movement in the United States
• The AIDS Crisis and Its Effects on the LGBTQ+ Community
• Intersectionality: Race and Activism in LGBTQ+ History
• Lesbian Feminism in America: Past and Present
• Homophobia and Its Roots in American Society
• Evolution of LGBTQ+ Representation in Media and Entertainment
• LGBTQ+ Veterans: Advocacy on the Battlefield
• Significance of LGBTQ+ Landmarks in American History
• Religious Perspectives on LGBTQ+ Rights in America
• LGBTQ+ Activism in the Civil Rights Movement
• Impacts of Section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)
• Challenges Faced by LGBTQ+ Youth in American Society
• LGBTQ+ Resistance and Resilience in Conservative States
• Role of LGBTQ+ Activism in Shaping Employment Discrimination Laws
• Pioneering Transgender Individuals in American History
• Queer Literature’s Contribution to LGBTQ+ Identity
• Roles of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in Promoting Equality

Native American History Essay Topics

• Native American Resistance During Early Colonial Encounters
• Impacts of European Diseases on Indigenous Populations
• Tribal Governance Structures and Political Systems of Native Nations
• Contributions of Native Americans to the American Revolution
• Forced Removal of Indigenous Tribes: The Trail of Tears
• Significance of Native American Diplomacy in the 19th Century
• Assimilation Policies and the Dawes Act: Effects on Indigenous Communities
• Native American Women in History: Leaders, Activists, and Guardians
• The Wounded Knee Massacre: Causes and Consequences
• Indigenous Art, Literature, and Music: Cultural Contributions
• Native American Tribes’ Role in the Civil War
• The Indian Reorganization Act: Impact on Tribal Sovereignty
• Land Rights and Legal Challenges Faced by Indigenous Peoples
• Native American Religion and Spiritual Practices: Continuity and Adaptation
• Native American Code Talkers in World Wars I and II
• Boarding Schools and Cultural Suppression: Indigenous Experiences
• The American Indian Movement (AIM): Impact on Indigenous Activism
• Indigenous Trade Networks and Economic Systems
• Reservation Policies and Tribal Self-Governance Among Indigenous Peoples
• Hunting, Gathering, and Agricultural Practices of Native Nations
• Indigenous Languages: Preservation and Revitalization Efforts

American History Research Paper Topics About World War I & II

• The Impact of Propaganda on American Society During World War I
• Women’s Roles in the American Homefront During World War II
• The Aftermath of World War I: Treaty of Versailles and Its Consequences
• America’s Race to Build the Atomic Bomb: The Manhattan Project
• African Americans’ Contribution to World War II
• The Great Depression’s Influence on American Entry Into World War II
• America’s Aid to Allied Forces: The Lend-Lease Act During World War II
• Racial Tensions in America During World War II: The Zoot Suit Riots
• The GI Bill: Impact on Post-World War II America
• America’s Shift in Foreign Policy After World War I: The Interwar Period
• The Battle of Midway: A Decisive Moment in the Pacific Theater of World War II
• Cold War Paranoia in America: The Red Scare and McCarthyism
• Japanese Americans’ Internment During World War II
• The Marshall Plan: American Aid for Post-World War II European Reconstruction
• Unsung Heroes of World War II: The Navajo Code Talkers
• Veterans’ Struggles During the Great Depression: The Bonus Army March
• American Nurses’ Role in World War I and II
• Tragedy in the Pacific Theater of World War II: The Bataan Death March
• Mexican Laborers in the American War Effort: The Bracero Program
• America’s Involvement in a Cold War Proxy Conflict: The Korean War

American History Essay Topics About Founding Fathers and the Constitution

• The Revolutionary Vision: Exploring the Ideals of America’s Founding Fathers
• Jefferson’s Influence on American Democracy
• Hamilton’s Economic Policies and Their Impact on the Constitution
• James Madison: Shaping the Foundation of the Constitution
• The Delicate Balance: Compromises at the Constitutional Convention
• Analyzing the Federalist Papers: Arguments for Ratifying the Constitution
• Safeguarding Individual Liberties: The Significance of the Bill of Rights
• John Adams: Statesman and Advocate for Independence
• Thomas Paine’s Impact: Common Sense and Revolutionary Ideas
• Benjamin Franklin: Influencing American Diplomacy
• Abigail Adams: Trailblazing Woman and Her Role in Nation-Building
• Opposition to the Constitution: Examining the Anti-Federalist Movement
• Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Policies: A Federalist Approach
• Shaping American Jurisprudence: The Contributions of John Jay
• The Articles of Confederation: Weaknesses and the Call for a New Constitution
• Crafting American Government: The Constitutional Convention
• Slavery and the Constitution: Debate Over the Three-Fifths Compromise
• Samuel Adams: Revolutionary Catalyst and Political Figure
• Patrick Henry’s Inspiring Speeches: Fanning the Flames of Independence
• The Northwest Ordinance: Guiding Principles for Westward Expansion
• Challenging Free Speech: The Alien and Sedition Acts

American History Topics About Space Race and NASA’s Contributions

• NASA’s Roles in the Space Race: A Historical Perspective
• The Mercury Seven: Trailblazers of American Space Exploration
• Apollo 11: A Monumental Leap for Mankind
• The Impact of Sputnik on US Space Programs
• Lunar Exploration: NASA’s Quest to Unravel the Moon’s Mysteries
• Revolutionizing Space Travel: The Legacy of the Space Shuttle Program
• Unsung Heroes: The Hidden Figures of NASA’s Early Years
• The Cold War Context and the Space Race
• Advancements in Weather Forecasting and Earth Observation by NASA
• Beyond Our Solar System: NASA’s Voyager and Pioneer Missions
• Skylab: America’s First Orbital Space Station
• Robotic Pioneers: NASA’s Missions to Explore the Solar System
• Lessons Learned From the Challenger Disaster for Space Exploration
• Expanding Horizons: The Hubble Space Telescope’s Contributions
• International Collaborations in Space Exploration: NASA’s Global Impact
• Revealing Mars’ Secrets: NASA’s Robotic Rovers
• Trailblazing With the X-15 Program: Advancing Spaceplane Technology
• Enabling Satellite Communications: NASA’s Contributions
• Apollo-Soyuz Test Project: A Symbol of US-Soviet Space Cooperation
• The Space Shuttle Challenger Tragedy: Aftermath and Reforms

US Civil War Research Paper Topics

• Causes and Consequences of the Battle of Gettysburg
• Reconstruction Policies and Their Impact on Post-Civil War America
• Women’s Roles in the Civil War: From Nurses to Spies
• Abraham Lincoln’s Leadership and the Emancipation Proclamation
• The Underground Railroad: Freedom Heroes and Heroines
• Battle of Antietam: Decisive Turning Point
• African American Soldiers in the Union Army
• Sherman’s March to the Sea: Total Warfare Strategy
• The Battle of Bull Run: A Shocking Wake-Up Call
• Significance of the Vicksburg Campaign in the Civil War
• Election of 1860 and the Secession Crisis
• Civil War Photography’s Impact on Public Perception
• Formation and Ideals of the Confederate States of America
• Fort Sumter: Prelude to War
• Clara Barton and the Red Cross: Humanitarian Aid during the Civil War
• Draft Riots of 1863: Social Unrest in New York City
• Robert E. Lee’s Military Strategies and Leadership
• Emancipation Proclamation: Freedom for the Enslaved
• Battle of Shiloh: Bloodiest Conflict in the Western Theater
• Jefferson Davis and the Confederate Government’s Formation

American History Research Paper Topics on Vietnam War

• The Nixon Doctrine: America’s Foreign Policy Approach During the Vietnam War
• Women’s Role and Contributions in the Vietnam War Effort
• The My Lai Tragedy: Atrocity and Its Consequences in the Vietnam Conflict
• Draft Resistance Movements: Opposition to the Vietnam War
• Negotiating Peace: The Paris Accords and the End of the Vietnam Conflict
• The Ho Chi Minh Trail: North Vietnam’s Strategic Supply Route
• Agent Orange: Environmental and Health Impacts of Chemical Warfare
• The Fall of Saigon: The Final Chapter of the Vietnam War
• The Gulf of Tonkin Incident: Escalation and Justification of the Vietnam Conflict
• Battle of Khe Sanh: Symbolism and Significance in the Vietnam War
• Anti-War Movement: Activism and Protests Against the Vietnam Conflict
• The Phoenix Program: Counterinsurgency Tactics in the Vietnam War
• Operation Rolling Thunder: Aerial Bombing Campaign During the Vietnam Conflict
• Hamburger Hill: Intense Combat and Sacrifice in the Vietnam War
• Kent State Shootings: Tragedy and Student Demonstrations in the Vietnam War
• The Siege of Khe Sanh: A Crucial Moment in the Vietnam Conflict
• Congressional Response: The War Powers Act and Its Impact on the Vietnam War
• African American Soldiers: Contributions and Challenges in the Vietnam War
• Strategic Hamlet Program: Counterinsurgency Strategy in the Vietnam Conflict
• Laotian Civil War: Regional Dynamics and Their Influence on the Vietnam War

American History Essay Topics on Women’s Suffrage and Feminist Movement

• The Evolution of Women’s Suffrage in American History
• Key Leaders in the American Feminist Movement
• Seneca Falls Convention: Catalyst for Change
• Abolitionism’s Influence on Women’s Suffrage
• Progressive Era: Intersection With Women’s Rights
• Susan B. Anthony’s Impact on the Suffrage Movement
• National American Woman Suffrage Association: Formation and Impact
• Alice Paul and the National Women’s Party’s Influence
• Women’s Suffrage and World War I: Shifting Perspectives
• Battle for the 19th Amendment: Triumphs and Challenges
• Suffragettes’ Strategies: Methods and Successes
• African American Women’s Contributions to Suffrage Movement
• Native American Women’s Role in the Fight for Suffrage
• Women’s Suffrage in the Western States: Trailblazers of Progress
• Feminist Movement and World War II’s Impact
• Second Wave Feminism: Objectives and Accomplishments
• Feminist Literature: Catalyst for Social Change
• Betty Friedan’s “The Feminine Mystique” and Its Influence
• Women’s Liberation Movement: Birth of NOW
• Roe vs. Wade: Women’s Reproductive Rights Examined
• Title IX: Transforming Women’s Sports and Education

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135 US History Essay Topics

One of the most time-consuming essay writing assignments can be a US history essay. Assigned for a variety of reasons, including testing students’ knowledge, encouraging research skills, and determining how well students can comprehend different types of texts, a US history essay assignment provides many challenges to the student.

Another hardship of writing a US history essay is that there isn’t always an abundant or easily accessible source of new information on something that has already happened. This means that students need to work extra hard to craft a US History essay that is original, unique, and doesn’t sound like the many other essays that have already been written on the topic.

However, all of the hardships students face when attempting to write a US history essay can be eased with the help of this guide. We’ll cover the essential aspects of writing a US History essay and provide 135 US History essay topics that are ideal for any level of education.

How To Write a US History Essay?

When it comes to writing a US History essay, the first thing students will need to do is pick a topic. The topic should be relevant to the course and allow for enough credible research to back up any arguments or examples made in the essay’s body.

For example, a topic on the creation of the Declaration of Independence would offer much more opportunity for analysis and research than a topic on something less significant such as the color of George Washington’s horse.

Once students have selected their topic, they will need to start thinking about the essay’s thesis. The thesis is often referred to as the “point” of an essay and should be reflected in the introduction and conclusion. This means that students will need to think critically about their topic choice and determine what points they want to make.

Students can choose a thesis by listing the most important aspects of their topic and choosing one aspect as the main point of their essay. For example, if a student were assigned a paper on the Civil Rights movement, they might want to argue that violence was necessary or that nonviolence was more effective in the movement for equality.

Students will also need to consider what information they are expected to include in their essay. Common types of US History essays include:

• argumentative
• comparison/contrast
• cause and effect
• introspective
• problem /solution

Each of these essay types requires a unique set of points, arguments, and examples to ensure they meet the criteria for the writing. For example, if you are writing a compare and contrast essay on US History, you’ll need to research several different aspects of your topic and compare them to each other.

If you are writing an argumentative US History essay, you’ll need to provide sufficient evidence to prove your point before explaining why the opposing side’s argument is incorrect.

Once the topic has been selected and enough information has been researched to create a thesis and provide supporting evidence, the next step of writing a US History essay is to outline your argument. An outline can help students organize their thoughts and ensure they include everything necessary to write a well-rounded paper.

Make sure your outline includes a thesis statement followed by a clear description of each point you plan to make in the body of your essay.

How To Structure a US History Essay?

Once you have completed the necessary steps to develop a thesis and outline your argument, you can move on to structuring your essay with the intro, body, and conclusion.

The introduction should start with a hook that captures the reader’s attention and provides enough information to encourage them to continue reading. After the hook, you can include your thesis statement, followed by explaining why it is important for readers to know about this topic.

For example, if you are writing an argumentative essay about the role of violence in the Civil Rights movement, you might start your introduction with a hook that asks readers to consider what they would do if they were faced with violence every day of their lives.

You then might include your thesis statement and explain that learning about civil rights activists who confronted police with violence is important to understand because it can help guide future generations about what they might need to do to achieve equality.

The body of your essay should include multiple points, each made with clear evidence and relevant examples. For example, if you were writing a thesis that argued that nonviolence was more effective than violence in the US Civil Rights movement, you might include a paragraph about how nonviolence was proven to be more effective when Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott were compared.

This may lead into a paragraph describing how Martin Luther King Jr. tried to reduce violence in the movement by promoting peaceful methods of protest such as sit-ins, boycotts, marches, etc.

The conclusion should contain a rephrase of the thesis statement and explain why it is vital for readers to understand. For example, if you wrote an argumentative essay about violence in the US Civil Rights movement, your conclusion might include your thesis statement along with the reasons why understanding whether violence is effective or not helps us understand how future generations should respond to injustice.

If you are struggling to begin writing your US History-themed essay, why not choose from any of these 135 US History essay topics to help start your writing process.

US History Essay Topics About the Civil War

• Why were slaves treated poorly during the Civil War era?
• Should Confederate generals have been tried for treason after the US Civil War?
• What was daily life like for formerly enslaved Black people following the US Civil War?
• How has Lincoln’s influence on Presidential power impacted American society today?
• Did Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation have a negative impact on Reconstruction?
• Why is it important to understand the social, political, and economic impacts of slavery during America’s history?
• Describe how trade was impacted with foreign nations during the Civil War?
• What forms of civil disobedience became commonplace during the Civil War?
• Compare and contrast the roles of women during the Civil War and WW2.
• What were the causes of the US Civil War?
• Why did people support both sides of the US Civil War?
• Why was it hard for formerly enslaved people to find employment following the Civil War?
• Explain how racial violence increased following Reconstruction.
• Discuss what you believe caused Confederate Generals to order their men to wear gray uniforms at the Battle of Bull Run.
• How did the Emancipation Proclamation impact foreign relations in the 1860s?
• What were some causes for fighting during the Reconstruction Era?
• How was President Lincoln able to pass legislation that helped win the US Civil War?
• Discuss the most significant battle during the Civil War.
• Compare and contrast modern-day war strategies to those used during the Civil War.
• Explain how technological advancements were made during the Civil War.
• What was the role of Native Americans during the Civil War?
• How has history made a lot of the same mistakes as it did during the Civil War?

US History Essay Topics About the Native Americans

• What was life like for Native Americans following their defeat in the US-Indian War?
• What factors led to violence between whites and indigenous peoples after the Indian Removal Act of 1830?
• What were some effects of Manifest Destiny on Native Americans?
• How has the Dawes Act impacted modern-day Native American communities?
• Why is it important to learn about the Trail of Tears during US history?
• What were some causes for violence between Indians and settlers in the 1800s?
• How does modern-day Native American culture resemble indigenous communities during the 1800s?
• How were treaties formed and broken between whites and Native Americans in North America?
• What was life like for Natives after they were forced onto reservations?
• How did President Jackson impact relations between Indigenous peoples and white settlers in the 1800s?
• Discuss what occurred when European immigrants settled on Native American land.
• What were some causes for Native American uprisings during the 1800s?
• Why are there not more Native Americans today compared to during the early years of North America?
• Discuss the ideologies of Native Americans and how they may have impacted Indian-European relationships.
• Why was the Battle of Wounded Knee significant?
• What factors led to corruption within tribal governments following US-Indian wars?
• What historical stereotypes are still represented in modern day depictions of Native Americans?
• How can Native Americans use history to correct the ideologies of those who harbor America First sentiments?

US History Essay Topics About the Great Depression

• Explain how life changed for African Americans during the Great Depression.
• What factors led to the Great Depression?
• How was President Roosevelt able to influence Congress to act in favor of his New Deal programs?
• How did WWII impact Americans following the Great Depression?
• What were significant turning points that allowed the US to improve its economy during the Great Depression?
• What were some effects of the Great Depression on race relations in the US?
• What attitudes about free trade capitalism led to the Great Depression?
• How did the Great Depression influence art, music, and culture?
• What other economic solutions could have been implemented to end the Great Depression sooner?
• How did the Great Depression influence the size and scope of the federal government in the US?
• How did African Americans help lessen America’s dependency on foreign goods during the Great Depression?
• What were some causes for poverty during the Great Depression?
• Discuss things that became illegal during the Great Depression.
• Explain how the Great Depression led to increased or reduced population growth.
• Why do historians consider the Great Depression a critical moment in US history?

US History Essay Topics About WW1 & WW2

• What caused the eruption of violence during WW1?
• How did President Wilson’s Fourteen Points impact WW2?
• What was life like for African Americans and Native Americans during WWII?
• How have civil liberties changed since WWII?
• What are some parallels between WWII propaganda posters and modern-day media advertisements?
• What were some positive and negative factors during US involvement in WWII?
• How did the US economy change as a result of WWII?
• What events led to the dropping of atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
• In what ways has European history been heavily impacted by WW1 and WW2?
• What were some causes for the US entering WW2?
• How has US foreign policy changed as a result of WWII?
• In what ways has WWII impacted modern-day conflicts?
• Who was President Truman, and why is he important to remember during US history?
• Why is it important to study both World Wars in detail?
• Who was Joseph Stalin, and what was his role during WW2?
• How have wars led to the formation of the UN and NATO?
• How did military alliances impact WWII?
• What was President Roosevelt’s Four Freedoms, and how did it influence US soldiers’ morale overseas?
• What economic impacts of WW2 still be seen in today’s modern economy?
• How did technological advancements made during WW1 assist with battle strategies during WW2?
• What is the significance of D-Day?
• How did the US become involved in WW1 after the sinking of the Lusitania?
• Why were women viewed as socially disadvantaged during WW1?
• What are some positive outcomes of WW1 and WWII on American society today?

US History Essay Topics About Women’s Rights

• What significant roles have women played in US history and not received credit for?
• What were some causes of the first and second waves for women’s rights?
• How did each wave of feminism impact US history differently?
• How have women influenced US history through their actions in non-traditional fields?
• What are some positive impacts of women becoming involved with social reform efforts such as abolition, temperance, and labor movements?
• What were some negative impacts of women gaining more legal rights?
• Who was Susan B. Anthony, and why is she important to remember during US history?
• How has popular culture influenced how society views feminism today compared to the past?
• How did government restrictions such as coverture laws impact women’s daily lives in America?
• What were some positive and negative impacts of the Lowell Mill Girls?
• Who was Sojourner Truth, and what did she accomplish for women’s rights?
• How did Susan B. Anthony influence how society treats women today?
• How has Western Expansion impacted the lives of American women?
• Who was Victoria Woodhull, and what were some of her goals in the early feminist movement?
• What historical issues still affect women’s rights in society today?
• Why does it matter to study US history and women’s rights?
• Would the USA have been as successful during WW2 without contributions made by women?
• Is life for women easier or harder now than it was at other points in US history?
• How can women obtain better equality by examining the past?

US History Essay Topics About Immigration

• What is the history of immigration in America?
• Who were some influential immigrants who have changed society through their actions and contributions?
• How have immigrants influenced art, architecture, government policy, and popular culture in America?
• How did nativism influence how Americans viewed immigration during different time periods throughout US history?
• How have immigrants been treated by US law and society during different time periods throughout American history?
• Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act significant for immigration policy in America?
• In what ways have recent immigration movements changed the nation’s identity, economy, and workforce today compared to the past?
• What causes of the Great Depression led to more immigrants moving to America?
• What are some positive impacts of immigration on American society today?
• Who was Giovanni da Verrazano and why is he important to remember during US history?
• What role did African Americans play in immigration during slavery?
• What were some differences in the immigrant experiences of different races?
• How has immigration changed American society today compared to the past?
• What are some adverse effects of immigration on American society today?
• What are some positive impacts of immigration on US history and national identity today?
• How is the process for immigration in modern times different from previous periods in US history?
• How can the USA learn from their past immigration reform mistakes to correct current issues surrounding immigration reform?

US History Essay Topics About Labor and Strikes

• What were some causes of the early labor movement in America?
• In what ways have unions been influential for Americans today?
• Who was Eugene V. Debs, and how has he influenced the labor movement?
• What impact did strikes have during different time periods throughout US history?
• What were some negative consequences of child labor in America, and how did reform movements attempt to change it?
• How has technology impacted the American workforce today compared to the past?
• Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and what impact did she have on the labor movement?
• What were some differences between strikes in the past and today?
• What were some positive effects of the labor movement on American society today?
• Why is it essential to study US history about labor unions and strikes?
• Who was Mother Jones, and how has she influenced the labor movement in America?
• How did the Great Depression and New Deal change labor in America?
• What were some causes of the Haymarket Affair, and how did it influence labor policy?
• How has technology shaped labor unions today compared to when they first began?
• Why is it essential to understand labor unions in America?
• What are some differences between strikes today compared to the past?
• Who was John L. Lewis, and what is his legacy on unionization in America?
• How did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s policies impact labor unions in America during the Great Depression?
• What were some causes of the 1934 West Coast waterfront strike?
• What are some causes of the Grand Bargain, and how has it influenced unions today?

With these 135 US History essay topics, students of all grade levels can find an interesting topic to write about that will have plenty of research to back it up.

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How to write an introduction for a history essay

Every essay needs to begin with an introductory paragraph. It needs to be the first paragraph the marker reads.

While your introduction paragraph might be the first of the paragraphs you write, this is not the only way to do it.

You can choose to write your introduction after you have written the rest of your essay.

This way, you will know what you have argued, and this might make writing the introduction easier.

Either approach is fine. If you do write your introduction first, ensure that you go back and refine it once you have completed your essay. 

What is an ‘introduction paragraph’?

An introductory paragraph is a single paragraph at the start of your essay that prepares your reader for the argument you are going to make in your body paragraphs .

It should provide all of the necessary historical information about your topic and clearly state your argument so that by the end of the paragraph, the marker knows how you are going to structure the rest of your essay.

In general, you should never use quotes from sources in your introduction.

Introduction paragraph structure

While your introduction paragraph does not have to be as long as your body paragraphs , it does have a specific purpose, which you must fulfil.

A well-written introduction paragraph has the following four-part structure (summarised by the acronym BHES).

B – Background sentences

H – Hypothesis

E – Elaboration sentences

S - Signpost sentence

Each of these elements are explained in further detail, with examples, below:

1. Background sentences

The first two or three sentences of your introduction should provide a general introduction to the historical topic which your essay is about. This is done so that when you state your hypothesis , your reader understands the specific point you are arguing about.

Background sentences explain the important historical period, dates, people, places, events and concepts that will be mentioned later in your essay. This information should be drawn from your background research . 

Example background sentences:

Middle Ages (Year 8 Level)

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15 th and 16 th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges.

WWI (Year 9 Level)

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe.

Civil Rights (Year 10 Level)

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success.

Ancient Rome (Year 11/12 Level)  

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times.

2. Hypothesis

Once you have provided historical context for your essay in your background sentences, you need to state your hypothesis .

A hypothesis is a single sentence that clearly states the argument that your essay will be proving in your body paragraphs .

A good hypothesis contains both the argument and the reasons in support of your argument. 

Example hypotheses:

Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery.

Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare.

The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders.

Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1 st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state.

3. Elaboration sentences

Once you have stated your argument in your hypothesis , you need to provide particular information about how you’re going to prove your argument.

Your elaboration sentences should be one or two sentences that provide specific details about how you’re going to cover the argument in your three body paragraphs.

You might also briefly summarise two or three of your main points.

Finally, explain any important key words, phrases or concepts that you’ve used in your hypothesis, you’ll need to do this in your elaboration sentences.

Example elaboration sentences:

By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period.

Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined.

The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results.

While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period.

4. Signpost sentence

The final sentence of your introduction should prepare the reader for the topic of your first body paragraph. The main purpose of this sentence is to provide cohesion between your introductory paragraph and you first body paragraph .

Therefore, a signpost sentence indicates where you will begin proving the argument that you set out in your hypothesis and usually states the importance of the first point that you’re about to make. 

Example signpost sentences:

The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20 th century.

The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

Putting it all together

Once you have written all four parts of the BHES structure, you should have a completed introduction paragraph. In the examples above, we have shown each part separately. Below you will see the completed paragraphs so that you can appreciate what an introduction should look like.

Example introduction paragraphs: 

Castles were an important component of Medieval Britain from the time of the Norman conquest in 1066 until they were phased out in the 15th and 16th centuries. Initially introduced as wooden motte and bailey structures on geographical strongpoints, they were rapidly replaced by stone fortresses which incorporated sophisticated defensive designs to improve the defenders’ chances of surviving prolonged sieges. Medieval castles were designed with features that nullified the superior numbers of besieging armies, but were ultimately made obsolete by the development of gunpowder artillery. By the height of the Middle Ages, feudal lords were investing significant sums of money by incorporating concentric walls and guard towers to maximise their defensive potential. These developments were so successful that many medieval armies avoided sieges in the late period. The early development of castles is best understood when examining their military purpose.

The First World War began in 1914 following the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The subsequent declarations of war from most of Europe drew other countries into the conflict, including Australia. The Australian Imperial Force joined the war as part of Britain’s armed forces and were dispatched to locations in the Middle East and Western Europe. Australian soldiers’ opinion of the First World War changed from naïve enthusiasm to pessimistic realism as a result of the harsh realities of modern industrial warfare. Following Britain's official declaration of war on Germany, young Australian men voluntarily enlisted into the army, which was further encouraged by government propaganda about the moral justifications for the conflict. However, following the initial engagements on the Gallipoli peninsula, enthusiasm declined. The naïve attitudes of those who volunteered in 1914 can be clearly seen in the personal letters and diaries that they themselves wrote.

The 1967 Referendum sought to amend the Australian Constitution in order to change the legal standing of the indigenous people in Australia. The fact that 90% of Australians voted in favour of the proposed amendments has been attributed to a series of significant events and people who were dedicated to the referendum’s success. The success of the 1967 Referendum was a direct result of the efforts of First Nations leaders such as Charles Perkins, Faith Bandler and the Federal Council for the Advancement of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders. The political activity of key indigenous figures and the formation of activism organisations focused on indigenous resulted in a wider spread of messages to the general Australian public. The generation of powerful images and speeches has been frequently cited by modern historians as crucial to the referendum results. The significance of these people is evident when examining the lack of political representation the indigenous people experience in the early half of the 20th century.

In the late second century BC, the Roman novus homo Gaius Marius became one of the most influential men in the Roman Republic. Marius gained this authority through his victory in the Jugurthine War, with his defeat of Jugurtha in 106 BC, and his triumph over the invading Germanic tribes in 101 BC, when he crushed the Teutones at the Battle of Aquae Sextiae (102 BC) and the Cimbri at the Battle of Vercellae (101 BC). Marius also gained great fame through his election to the consulship seven times. Gaius Marius was the most one of the most significant personalities in the 1st century BC due to his effect on the political, military and social structures of the Roman state. While Marius is best known for his military reforms, it is the subsequent impacts of this reform on the way other Romans approached the attainment of magistracies and how public expectations of military leaders changed that had the longest impacts on the late republican period. The origin of Marius’ later achievements was his military reform in 107 BC, which occurred when he was first elected as consul.

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Home — Essay Samples — History — History of the United States — American History

Essays on American History

Writing an essay on American History is important because it allows us to understand the events and people that have shaped our nation. By researching and writing about key moments in American history, we can gain a deeper appreciation for our country's past and the impact it has on our present and future.

When writing an essay on American History, it's important to choose a specific topic or event that interests you. This will make the research and writing process more engaging and enjoyable. Additionally, be sure to use credible sources such as academic journals, books, and primary documents to support your arguments and provide accurate information.

Another important tip is to organize your essay in a clear and logical manner. Start with an introduction that provides background information and states your thesis. Then, use body paragraphs to present your evidence and analysis. Finally, end with a conclusion that summarizes your main points and reinforces your thesis.

Additionally, be mindful of your language and tone. Use formal and academic language, and avoid using slang or informal expressions. It's also important to stay objective and avoid bias when presenting historical information.

Finally, be sure to revise and edit your essay carefully. Check for grammar and spelling errors, and make sure your arguments are clear and well-supported. It can also be helpful to have someone else read your essay and provide feedback before submitting the final version.

What Makes a Good American History Essay Topics.

When it comes to choosing a good American History essay topic, it's important to consider a few key factors. First, brainstorming and researching are crucial in finding a unique and interesting topic. Consider the significance and relevance of the topic, as well as its potential for in-depth exploration. A good essay topic should also be thought-provoking and capable of sparking debate or discussion. Ultimately, a good American History essay topic should be engaging and informative, offering a fresh perspective on a historical event or period.

Best American History Essay Topics.

When it comes to choosing the best American History Essay Topics, there are plenty of intriguing and unique options to consider. Some of the best American History Essay Topics include:

• The impact of the Civil Rights Movement on modern-day America
• The role of women in the American Revolution
• The effects of westward expansion on Native American tribes
• The influence of immigration on American culture
• The legacy of the New Deal in American society
• The significance of the Harlem Renaissance in African American history
• The origins and impact of the Salem Witch Trials
• The evolution of American music and its cultural significance
• The impact of the space race on American society
• The legacy of the Vietnam War on American politics and culture
• The role of propaganda in shaping public opinion during World War II
• The impact of the Great Depression on American society
• The significance of the Louisiana Purchase in American history
• The influence of the Cold War on American foreign policy
• The impact of the Industrial Revolution on American society
• The role of religion in shaping early American society
• The impact of the 9/11 attacks on American politics and security
• The significance of the Homestead Act in shaping the American West
• The impact of the Civil War on American society and politics
• The legacy of the American Revolution in shaping the nation's identity

American History Essay Topics Prompts.

• If you could witness any moment in American history, which would it be and why?
• What impact did the California Gold Rush have on American society and culture?
• In what ways did the Great Migration shape American cities and culture?
• How did the Prohibition era impact American society and the economy?
• What role did the Black Panther Party play in the Civil Rights Movement?

By considering these prompts, students can explore unique and creative angles in their American History essays, offering a fresh perspective on well-known historical events and periods.

The Impact of Westward Expansion on American History

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The origin of political free thinking during the period of uncontrolled free enterprise in the u.s, wild bill donovan: our hero, history of the california gold rush and its effects, the communism and its containment in truman's doctrine, the confederate flag as a racist symbol, the many terrors of the dust bowl, simon bolivar's influence on development of the united states of america, underage drinking laws in the us, research of whose philosophy made the most sense for america in the 1960’s, analysis of the book "james henry hammond and the old south: a design for mastery", the roaring twenties: the massive shift in american history, the role of alexander hamilton in american economy history, indian removal act: relocation of native americans, review of the two sides argumentation regarding japanese internment camps, the bombing of pearl harbor and the awakening of america, repetition & revision in suzan-lori park’s history plays and topdog/underdog, slavery in the history of the united states, the civil war and what it meant for arkansas, development of music during the harlem renaissance, relevant topics.

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