sri lanka national flag essay

Flags, Symbols, & Currencies of Sri Lanka

The current flag of Sri Lanka was officially adopted on May 22, 1972, although it had been in use since the 1950’s. Its design consists of a golden yellow background, which holds two images. The first images, located on the hoist side of the flag, is made up of two equal vertical stripes of dark turquoise green color on the left and orange color on the right. Together, these stripes take up approximately one-third of the available flag space. The remaining two-thirds of the flag is occupied by a maroon-colored rectangle, which holds the image of a golden lion. This lion is facing left and holding a small, ceremonial sword in its right, front paw. Each corner of the maroon rectangle is marked by a golden yellow leaf. In any size, the flag of Sri Lanka is represented by a height to width ratio of 1:2.

Each of the images and colors on the flag of Sri Lanka has a special symbolic meaning for the country. The two stripes on the left hand side represent the two major minority groups living in Sri Lanka: Moors (green) and Tamils (orange). The dark turquoise green color stands for the Muslim population. The golden yellow background represents the smaller minority populations also living in this country. The lion situated on the right hand side represents the Sinhalese people, who make up around three-quarters of the population of Sri Lanka. The four bo leaves - symbolizing Buddhism and its influence on the country - stand for the four virtues of kindness, friendliness, happiness, and equanimity. Additionally, the 8 curling hairs on the tail of the lion represent the Noble Eightfold Path of Buddhism. The sword is a symbol of the autonomy of Sri Lanka. Finally, the maroon background stands for the many minority religions that are also practiced in this country.

History of the Flag of Sri Lanka

Throughout history, Sri Lanka has had a number of different flag designs. Prior to the colonial era, Sri Lanka was divided into several kingdoms. The Kingdom of Kandy, located in the central and eastern areas of the island was one of the largest of these islands. From 1798 to 1815, this kingdom utilized the same golden yellow background with maroon rectangle and sword-holding lion that is seen on the current flag design. The only difference between this image and that of the present-day flag was seen on the maroon rectangle, which was bordered by a black line. Under British colonial rule, between 1815 and 1948, the flag of this island had a solid blue background with a small Union Jack symbol in its upper left hand corner. In its right half was situated a circular image that held a monument and an elephant. Sri Lanka reverted back to the lion-only flag from 1948 to 1951, with slight changes to the image style.

Historical Flags of Sri Lanka

Flag of the british ceylon.

Flag of Dominion of Ceylon

Flag of Dominion of Ceylon (Republic)

Symbols of Sri Lanka

National coat of arms of sri lanka.

The national emblem of Sri Lanka was adopted in 1972. It features a golden lion in the center, surrounded by petals of gold representing the Blue Lotus flower. The base of the emblem is a traditional grain vase with sprouting sheaves of rice. Sinhalese heraldic symbols of the sun and moon flank either side of the vase. At the top of the emblem is the crest of the Dharmacakra, representing Buddhism.

National Anthem

• Anthem Title: Sri Lanka Matha ("Mother Sri Lanka")
• Music composer and Lyricist: Ananda Samarakoon
• Date of Adoption: 1951

Sri Lanka Matha is the national anthem of Sri Lanka. It was first performed in February 1949 during an official ceremony at the Independence Memorial Hall. The lyrics and music to the song were written by Ananda Samarakoon, with the original song titled "Namo Namo Matha" (Salute! Salute! Motherland). However, other sources indicate that the song writer and composer was Rabindranath Tagore, while some people believe Samarakoon wrote the lyrics and Tagore set them to music. 

In 1950, the government of Sri Lanka set up a committee to pick the Sri Lanka's national anthem. After listening to several songs, the committee settled on Namo Namo Matha and made several minor changes before endorsing it as the proposed anthem in 1951. In 1960, the first line of the anthem was changed from " Namo Namo Matha, Apa Sri Lanka " to the current " Sri Lanka Matha, Apa Sri Lanka " against the Samarakoon's wishes. Samarakoon ended up committing suicide in April 1962, citing the anthem's mutilation as the reason for his action

ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා/Sri Lanka Matha (Sinhala)

ශ්‍රී ලංකා මාතා

අප ශ්‍රී..... ලංකා නමෝ නමෝ

නමෝ නමෝ මාතා

සුන්දර සිරිබරිනී සුරැඳි අති

සෝබමාන ලංකා

ධාන්‍ය ධනය නෙක මල් පලතුරු

පිරි ජය භුමිය රම්‍යා

අප හට සැප සිරි සෙත සදනා

ජීවනයේ මාතා

පිළිගනු මැන අප භක්තී පූජා

ඔබ වේ අප විද්‍

ඔබ මය අප සත්‍යා

ඔබ වේ අප ශක්ති

අප හද තුළ භක්තී

ඔබ අප ආලෝකේ

අපගේ අනුප්‍රාණේ

ඔබ අප ජීවන වේ

අප මුක්තිය ඔබ වේ

නව ජීවන දෙමිනේ නිතින අප

පුබුදු කරන් මාතා

ඥාන වීර්ය වඩවමින රැගෙන

යනු මැන ජය භූමී කරා

එක මවකගෙ දරු කැල

යමු යමු වී නොපමා

ප්‍රේම වඩා සැම භේද දුරැර දා

Mother Sri Lanka

Thou Mother Lanka,

Oh Mother Lanka we salute,

salute, salute, salute Thee!

Plenteous in prosperity, Thou,

Beauteous in grace and love,

Laden with grain and luscious fruit,

And fragrant flowers of radiant hue,

Giver of life and all good things,

Our land of joy and victory,

Receive our grateful praise

sublime, we worship, worship Thee.

Oh Mother Lanka! We salute,

Thou gavest us Knowledge and

Thou art our strength and

inward faith,

Our light divine and sentient

Breath of life and liberation.

Grant us, bondage free,

inspiration.

Inspire us for ever.

In wisdom and strength

Ill-will, hatred, strife all ended,

In love enfolded, a mighty nation

Marching onward, all as one,

Lead us, Mother, to fullest

freedom, we worship, worship Thee

The Currency of Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee

The currency in Sri Lanka is the Sri Lankan Rupee which has a sign of Rs and a currency code LKR. One Sri Lankan Rupee comprises 100 cents. Sometimes, 'Rp' and 'SLR' are used as currency symbol and abbreviation.

Banknotes and Coins

The currently circulating banknotes are of nine denominations. These are, Rs10, Rs20, Rs50, Rs100, Rs200, Rs500, Rs1,000, Rs2,000, and Rs5,000. All banknotes are made up of 100% cotton pulp except for the Rs200 note which was printed on a polymer substance. This note was issued to observe the 50th anniversary of country’s independence (1948–1998).

The CBSL has so far issued eleven series of currency notes. The first note series was King George VI series and it had only two denominations (Rs1 and Rs10). The Queen Elizabeth II series was the second note series. Development, Prosperity, and Sri Lankan Dancers form themes of the eleventh series of the banknotes.

Sri Lanka used the British issued notes until 1951 and the British issued coins until 1963. The first homegrown coins began circulating in 1963. These coins had the Emblem of Ceylon on the obverse (front side). This series had seven coin denominations of Cts1, Cts2, Cts5, Cts10, Cts25, Cts50, and Rs1. The Rs2 and Rs5 denominated coins were introduced in 1984. On November 17, 2014, the CBSL issued a new series of Rs10 denominated coins to represent the twenty five districts of Sri Lanka. These coins featured one or more distinctive archaeological, cultural, economic, environmental, religious, or social characteristics of each of Sri Lanka’s twenty five districts. The designs of these coins were selected by a nationwide competition called "Design and Shine".

Sri Lankan rupee Banknote

Sri Lankan rupee Coin

Historical Currencies of Sri Lanka

The first paper currency was introduced in Sri Lanka during the Dutch period (1640 AD - 1796 AD). It was known as Kredit Brieven or Kas-nooten. Some of the ancient coins and notes prevalent in Sri Lanka were Kahapana (punch marked coins), Lakshmi Plaques, Mane less Lion coins, Kahavanu or Lankeshvara coin, Swastika coins, and Massa coins. Foreign coins mostly of Greek, Roman, Chinese, Arabic, and Indian origin found presence in Sri Lanka during the ancient times. During the colonial period, Portuguese, Dutch, and British all brought their coins and currencies to Sri Lanka.

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Sri Lanka National Flag :  Everything You Need to know About it

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Do you know the history behind Sri Lanka’s national flag? The flag symbolises national pride and unity for Sri Lankans, and its design has a fascinating story behind it. In this blog post, we’ll explore the history of the Sri Lankan flag and its significance to the country.

What is the National Flag of Sri Lanka

The National Flag of Sri Lanka is a yellow and orange flag divided into two parts. On the left are two strips of orange and green, representing the country’s two most significant minorities: the Tamils and the Muslims. In the centre of the flag is a lion holding a sword, representing the majority Sinhala race. The four corners feature Bo leaves, which represent courage and strength. The flag was officially adopted in 1978 and has become a symbol of Sri Lankan unity and national pride. It is often seen in public places, flown by government buildings, and displayed in homes throughout the country.

The History of Sri Lanka’s National Flag

The Sri Lankan National Flag is a significant symbol of the country’s history and heritage . It has been in use since the reign of King Vijaya in the 5th century BC. Over the centuries, it has become a symbol of freedom and independence for the Sri Lankan people. In 1948, a National Flag Committee was established to design a new flag representing all Sri Lankans. The committee proposed a design featuring a lion holding a sword and two vertical stripes of green and orange at the hoist. This design was officially adopted on December 17, 1978 and continues to be used today as the nation’s official flag.

Who designed Sri Lankan Flag

The design of the Sri Lanka National Flag we know today was proposed in 1948 by A. Sinnalebbe . A picture of the civil standard of the last King of Sri Lanka, Sri Wickrama Rajasingha , inspired the flag. It featured a lion holding a sword, lotus leaves and two vertical stripes in orange and green representing the Hindus and Muslims on the island. The flag was officially adopted on December 17, 1978. The lion is thought to have first appeared when King Vijaya arrived in Sri Lanka from India and has been used as a symbol of strength ever since.

The Sri Lanka Flag Background Texture

The Sri Lanka flag background texture is an integral part of the national flag design and has a long history. It was first adopted in 1948 when the National Flag Committee decided to use a silk fabric with a red and yellow background. This background was chosen because it symbolised strength and unity, both essential values for Sri Lankans. The material also represented the traditional craftsmanship of Sri Lanka and its rich cultural heritage. The fabric was later updated in 1972 when the government adopted the official flag. Today, the Sri Lanka flag background texture features a navy blue shade to represent the country’s sovereignty, with the lion and sword remaining in gold.

The Meaning of the Colors in the Flag

The colour of the Sri Lankan flag is symbolic and has a deep meaning. The yellow background of the flag represents the country’s culture, while the bold red stripe on the hoist side symbolises the blood of those who have given their lives for freedom and justice. The two vertical stripes are green and orange, representing the minority Muslim and Hindu Tamil communities. The yellow colour is also said to symbolise the four virtues of kindness, compassion, joy and equanimity. Finally, the lion holding a sword in the centre of the flagsymbolises bravery and courage. It also stands for power, justice and sovereignty.

Why is the lion holding a sword in Sri Lanka Flag?

The lion and sword on the flag are two of the most iconic symbols in Sri Lankan culture. The lion represents the country’s strength and courage, while the sword symbolises its sovereignty. According to legend, when King Vijaya arrived in Sri Lanka from India in the 5th century BC, he brought a stylised lion holding a sword in its right paw. This symbol was used extensively by monarchs who followed King Vijaya, and it became a symbol of freedom and hope. The sword of the lion represents the sovereignty of the nation, while the curly hair on the head stands for religious observance, wisdom and meditation. The nose of the lion stands for intelligence, and its two front paws for purity in handling wealth. The sword’s handle also has symbolism; it is said to represent the elements of water, fire, air and earth.

The Representation of Minorities in the Flag

The Sri Lanka National Flag has a complex history and symbolism. The two primarycolours of the flag, green and orange, represent the two main minority groups in the country, Tamils and Muslims. The vertical yellow border separating the green and orange symbolises the separation between the Sinhala majority and the two minorities. The National Flag Committee of 1948 was formed to create an integrated flag to bring all communities together, and in 1972 the official flag was adopted. The symbolism of the lion and sword further highlights the importance of getting all communities together, unifying them under one banner. The flag has been a source of unity in Sri Lanka, representing minorities while also representing the majority Sinhala population.

The Meaning Behind the Design

The design of the Sri Lankan national flag was carefully considered during the National Flag Committee of 1948. The committee eventually settled on a design featuring two vertical stripes of orange and green, a lion at the centre, and four Bo leaves at the corner. The orange and green stripes represent the two major ethnic groups in Sri Lanka, the Tamils and the Sinhala. The lion represents the Sinhala race, which is known for its courage and strength and reflects the country’s ancient history of powerful rulers. The four Bo leaves represent the four virtues of kindness, compassion, joy, and equanimity. The sword held by the lion symbolises the country’s sovereignty and the power to defend it. Together, these elements combine to create a powerful symbol of unity, representing all the people of Sri Lanka regardless of their ethnic or religious backgrounds.

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My Country English essay

My country is Sri Lanka. It is a small island in the Indian Ocean. This is an agricultural country. Most of the people are farmers.

Sri Jayawardenapura Kotte is the capital of Sri Lanka. The population of my country is about twenty million. There are several communities in Sri Lanka. They are the Sinhalese, the Tamils, the Muslims and the Burghers.

Piduruthalagala is the highest mountain and Mahaweli is the longest river in Sri Lanka. We gained independence in 1948. My country is a Republic today. Our national anthem is ‘Sri Lanka Matha’. The official languages in Sri Lanka are Sinhala, Tamil and English.

Our national flag is called the Lion Flag. Our national flower is the Blue Water Lily, our national tree is the Na tree, the national bird is the Jungle Fowl, the national animal is the Giant Squirrel and our national sport is Volleyball. But Sri Lanka is famous for Cricket. The world’s best team comes from Sri Lanka.

There are many tourist attractions in my country. Waterfalls, sanctuaries, botanical gardens and sandy beaches are some of them. I love my country very much.

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National flag of Sri Lanka

Flag of Sri Lanka information:

Flag map of sri lanka :.

Sri Lanka National symbols

⏪ Back to the national symbols of Sri Lanka

What is Sri Lanka known for?

Sri Lanka is known for its rich biodiversity, large cinnamon and tea exportation, and stunning natural wonders

Where is Sri Lanka located?

Neighbours of Sri Lanka

Questions & Answers about Sri Lanka

• Who is the national founder of Sri Lanka?
• Who is the national poet of Sri Lanka?
• When is the national day of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national animal of Sri Lanka?
• What is the ethnicity of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national dish of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national dance of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national emblem / coat of arms of Sri Lanka?
• What is the religion of Sri Lanka?
• What is the ISO-4217 of Sri Lanka?
• What is the domain extension of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national monument of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national anthem of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national fruit of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national flower of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national colors of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national language of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national sports of Sri Lanka?
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• What is the national bird of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national currency of Sri Lanka?
• What is the country code of Sri Lanka?
• What is the capital city of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national airline of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national drink of Sri Lanka?
• What is the national instrument of Sri Lanka?
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• What is the national mausoleum of Sri Lanka?
• What is the nationality of Sri Lanka?
• What is the driving side of Sri Lanka?
• What is the date format of Sri Lanka?
• What is the total area of Sri Lanka?
• What is the timezone of Sri Lanka?
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My country Sri Lanka My country is Sri Lanka. It is an island situated in the Indian Ocean. It is known as the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’. It is a beautiful country. The largest river in Sri Lanka is the Mahaweli and the highest mountain is Piduruthalagala. The highest waterfall is Bambarakanda. The capital [...]

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Kids Essays

My country Sri Lanka My country is Sri Lanka. It is an island situated in the Indian Ocean. It is known as the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’. It is a beautiful country. The largest river in Sri Lanka is the Mahaweli and the highest mountain is Piduruthalagala. The highest waterfall is Bambarakanda.

The capital of my country is Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte and the commercial capital is Colombo. The president of my country is Hon. Maithripala Sirisena and the prime minister is Hon. Ranil Wickramasinghe.

Our national flag is called the Lion Flag. Our national flower is the Blue Water Lily, national tree is Na tree, national bird is the Jungle Fowl, national animal is the Giant Squirrel and our national sport is Volleyball. But Sri Lanka is famous for Cricket. The world’s best tea comes from Sri Lanka.

On February 4, 1948 Sri Lanka gained independence. Our national anthem is ‘Sri Lanka Matha’.  The official languages in Sri Lanka  are Sinhala, Tamil and English.

My country is a peaceful country where all the religions such as Buddhists, Christians, Muslims and Hindus all live in harmony. I am so proud to be a Sri Lankan. I love my motherland Sri Lanka a lot.

Naqeeb Shamroz (7 years) Zahira College, Colombo 10

My father My father’s name is Sampath. He is 35 years old. He has curly hair. He drops me to school. I love my father.

Pabalu Dikkumbura (6 years) Musaeus College

Myself My name is Thenulya. I am eight years old. I live in Maharagama. I study at Logos College. My favourite colour is pink. My best friend is Atara and I love to play with her. I have one sister and no brothers. My hobbies are drawing pictures and making models with clay. I love to eat chocolate cake and drink Milo. Out of all the countries I have visited, my favourite country is Dubai.

Thenulya Weerawardhana (8 years) Logos College

Ramazan Ramadhan is the month of fasting. Every Muslim of all ages takes part in the fast. Ramadan, the annual fast, falls in the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Those who fast, must neither take food nor drink throughout the hours of daylight. Above all, they must keep away from things shameful, and telling lies.

Fasting can be a little difficult when it falls during summer. Though it will be a little difficult, a Muslim fasts joyfully in any season, obeying the orders of Allah. There are Muslims who love summertime fasting the most. There is a deep relationship between Ramadhan and the Holy Quran. Those who fast, turn again and again to the Holy Quran because Allah revealed it in the month of Ramadhan to our Holy Prophet Muhammed.

Shaifna Aroos (10 years) Ilma Int. Girls’ School

How could TV be better?

We all enjoy watching television. One of the main reasons which we watch television is to gain knowledge. Some knowledgeable channels are NatGeo, Discovery, NDTV Good times, NatGeo Geography etc. These channels are based on all about the world and types of people, natural disasters, ancient and historical places and many more.

There are also other useful as well as fun and interesting channels. For example, FoxLife is a channel which displays different types of food and recipes. They tell us about types of food eaten in various parts of the world. We as kids love watching animated programmes which can be found on Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Pogo and many more. We can watch cartoons such as Tom and Jerry which have a moral.

It teaches us not to fight and quarrel and instead to live in peace, friendship and harmony. News is one of the most important programmes that we must watch. We must make it a habit of watching at least one news episode a day as there are many news updates daily from early morning until midnight.

By watching these types of important programmes we can develop our brain and learn a lot about the world. We can also watch cartoon but not too much as it may affect our eyesight and brain.

Amal Gaffoor (11 years) Royal Institute Girls’ School

My best friend My best friend is Sandra. We both go to Kudapaduwa Sinhala Mixed School in Negombo. She is eleven years old. Her favourite food is grapes and her favourite colour is red. She has a pet dog. Her favourite subject is Science and she would like to be a teacher. Sandra likes to read English books. She has a very good heart. I love my best friend very much.

Anne Hansika (Grade 6) Kudapaduwa Sinhala M.S., Negombo

Importance of trees Trees are one of the most important things in the world. They give us shade. When we are going somewhere in the sun, when we are tired, we sit under a tree to rest. We choose a tree because it is shady. Trees give us food. We take fruits, vegetables, grains and green leaves from trees. We also eat roots like carrots, sweet potatoes, manioc and beetroot. Trees give us wood to make houses, buildings, furniture etc. The most important things is that they give us oxygen to breathe. Trees make our earth clean and beautiful. We must not cut trees. It takes only a few minutes to cut a tree but it takes years to grow.

Sanduni Jayathilake (Grade 7) Little Flower Convent, Bandarawela

The moon In the evening when the moon sets, The eyes of bats open wide. Children stop playing and go back home.

Shops are closed for the day, Darkness appears little by little And the night dominates.

Children go to sleep, At midnight thieves come to steal, But they cannot hide from the moon.

The sun rises and the children open their eyes Moon disappears and day begins.

Aysha Amani (Grade 5) Royal Int. School, Kegalle

An unforgettable trip We went on a trip to England for a few months. I had lots of fun while we were travelling. It was a great experience for us. We went there after two days. I was so excited. After we went there we had lots of fun playing tennis. Then at night we settled in a great five-star hotel. We had our dinner from that hotel. It was very delicious. Then in the morning we went to our uncle’s house. It was near the hotel. All of us went to Bits Park to play. We were very fortunate because it was winter season as well as snowy days. We made a snowman and played with snowballs. Then after a few days, my parents as well as my uncle entered me into a famous school in England. It is called ‘Richard Rose Morton Academy.’ It was a turning point in my life. I learned to speak English properly from my school. That’s why I respect my school. My life was changed from that day. I met a myriad of friends called Daisy, Molly and Kara. My sister and my brother also entered into a school. I have never seen snow before that day. We went to see a duck park. It was a fantastic park. That’s how I spent my trip. I can’t forget it forever.

Dilmi Nipuna (Grade 10) Tangalle B.V.

My hobby A hobby is nothing but to have a change in the routine work. It is a happy union of profit and pleasure. Hobby is also man’s past time. There are varieties of hobbies. My hobby is gardening.

I spend my leisure hours in my garden. My garden is in front of my house. I have prepared the flower beds and planted varieties of flowering plants. The plants give out a sweet scent in the evening. I love being in the garden and I watch the butterflies. I water the plants and enjoy the nature of the pure air in the evening. I water the plants twice a day during the summer. I dig out the withered plants and plant new ones.

I talk to the plants and sing to them. I feel as if my plants nod their heads in agreement. All plants are living things. My hobby gives me happiness and some exercise for my body. My hobby satisfies my inner urge and gets an emotional response.

S. Shimeshika (Grade 6) Tamil C.C., Bandarawela

My pet My pet is a dog. Its name is Blacky. It has four legs and a nice tail. It likes to eat meat. It likes to drink milk. My pet runs with me in the garden. My dog loves me and my mother. When I am going to school, he is looking at me. My brother loves my dog. He likes to jump. I have one small cat. When I am doing my homework it stays near me. I love my pet very much.

Julia (Std. 3) Jennings Int. College, Nainamadama

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The primary school students of gateway college staged their, cinnamon peelers.

• ↑ The Sunday Times Sri Lanka

The Sunday Times Sri Lanka

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National symbols of Sri Lanka

The national symbols of Sri Lanka are the national anthem, flag, emblem, flower, tree, bird, butterfly, gemstone and sport. They represent the country and its people within Sri Lanka and abroad as well as traditions, culture, history and geography. Several other symbols do not have official acknowledgment as national symbols but are considered national symbols at the local level. [1] [2]

National symbols

Further reading.

The Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka sets out the national flag , the national anthem , the national day and the national language. [3] The constitution was promulgated by the National State Assembly on 7 September 1978. On 14 November 1987 the Sri Lankan Parliament passed the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Sri Lanka , which made both Sinhala and Tamil the national languages. [4]

Here are list of national symbols that have no official status.

• Outline of Sri Lanka
• Timeline of Sri Lankan history
• Lists of national symbols

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The Ministry of Public Security is a cabinet ministry of the Government of Sri Lanka responsible for law and order. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on law and order and other subjects which come under its purview. The ministry manages the country's police. The current Minister of Public Security is Tiran Alles. The ministry's secretary is Jagath Wijeweera.

The Ministry of Transport and Highways is the central government ministry of Sri Lanka responsible for transport. The ministry is responsible for formulating and implementing national policy on transport and other subjects which come under its purview. The current Minister of Transport and Highways is Bandula Gunawardane. The ministry's secretary is Nihal Somaweera.

Presidential elections were held in Sri Lanka on 8 January 2015, two years ahead of schedule. The incumbent President Mahinda Rajapaksa was the United People's Freedom Alliance's candidate, seeking a third term in office. The United National Party (UNP)-led opposition coalition chose to field Maithripala Sirisena, the former Minister of Health in Rajapaksa's government and general secretary of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party (SLFP) – the main constituent party of the UPFA – as its common candidate.

The 15th Parliament of Sri Lanka was the meeting of the Parliament of Sri Lanka with its membership determined by the results of the 2015 parliamentary election, held on 17 August 2015. The parliament met for the first time on 1 September 2015 and was dissolved on 3 March 2020.

Local elections were held in Sri Lanka on 10 February 2018. 15.7 million Sri Lankans were eligible to elect 8,327 members to 340 local authorities. It was the largest election in Sri Lankan history. This was also the first election under the mixed electoral system where 60% of members were elected using first-past-the-post voting and the remaining 40% through closed list proportional representation.

The second Sirisena cabinet was a central government of Sri Lanka led by President Maithripala Sirisena. It was formed in August 2015 after the parliamentary election and ended in October 2018 with the dismissal of Prime Minister Ranil Wickremesinghe, precipitating the 2018 constitutional crisis.

Gevindu Kumaratunga is a Sri Lankan politician and Member of Parliament.

• 1 2 3 "The identity of Mother Lanka" . Sunday Observer . 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015 . Retrieved 1 December 2014 .
• 1 2 3 Wimalaratne, K D G (2013). National Symbols Of Sri Lanka . Sri Lanka: Sarasavi Publishers. ISBN   978-9553101198 .
• ↑ "Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka" . PressInform . Data and Information Unit of the Presidential Secretariat. Archived from the original on 18 November 2014 . Retrieved 3 December 2014 .
• ↑ Martyn, Sabina (16 January 2013). "In Post-Conflict Sri Lanka, Language is Essential for Reconciliation" . Asia foundation . Retrieved 3 December 2014 .
• ↑ Habib, Haroon (May 18, 2011). "Celebrating Rabindranath Tagore's legacy" . The Hindu . Retrieved December 1, 2014 .
• ↑ Bandaranayake, Senake (1996). Ivan Peries paintings, 1938–88 . Colombo: Tamarind Publications. ISBN   9559458000 . page 155
• ↑ "Man of the series: Nobel laureate Tagore" . The Times Of India . Apr 3, 2011 . Retrieved December 1, 2014 .
• ↑ "National Symbols" . Embassy of Sri Lanka in Russia. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015 . Retrieved 1 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Sri Lanka Country Information" . Sri Lankan Consulate in Los Angeles. Archived from the original on 7 November 2010 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Official Languages" . Department of Official Languages. Archived from the original on 19 December 2014 . Retrieved 27 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Constitution of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Ch-V,19" . Government of Sri Lanka . 1978. Archived from the original on 3 February 2003 . Retrieved 27 December 2014 .
• ↑ "National Flower" . www.srilanka.org.tr . Retrieved 2023-04-26 .
• ↑ "National flower" . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ Hettiarachchi, Kumudini (7 November 2010). "The 'great pretender' " . The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ Epasinghe, Premasara (21 November 2013). "Initial Buddhist missionary activities" . Daily News (Sri Lanka) . Archived from the original on 19 June 2015 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Notes on the Geography of Sri Lanka: Embekke" . The Great Mirror . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Country Overview" . Government of Sri Lanka . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Ceylon junglefowl – National Bird of the country" . The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ Rodrigo, Malaka (March 28, 2010). "Sri Lanka names its national butterfly" . The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "National Butterfly" . Daily News (Sri Lanka) . March 25, 2010. Archived from the original on March 29, 2015 . Retrieved December 2, 2014 .
• ↑ "Blue Sapphire – the national gemstone" . The Sunday Times (Sri Lanka) . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Volleyball – The national game of Sri Lanka" . Sri Lanka Volleyball Federation. Archived from the original on 30 March 2018 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ Marikar, Hafiz (12 June 2014). "How volleyball came into being" . Daily News (Sri Lanka) . Archived from the original on 19 June 2015 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Volleyball, Sri Lanka's National Sport" . The Island (Sri Lanka) . September 10, 2011 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Panthera leo" . International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources . Retrieved 30 January 2015 .
• ↑ "Independence Memorial Hall" . The Nation (Sri Lanka) . 2 February 2012. Archived from the original on 20 August 2013 . Retrieved 2 December 2014 .
• ↑ "Independence Square" . Colombo Guide . Retrieved 30 January 2015 .
• ↑ "National Dress" . My Sri Lanka . Retrieved 1 December 2014 .
• ↑ Dikkumbura, Sampath. "Sri Lanka Traditional Dress" . Retrieved 30 January 2015 .
• ↑ "Sri Lanka Rice & Curry" . Go Lanka . Retrieved 30 January 2015 .
• ↑ "Discover the many flavours of Sri Lanka" . Lonely Planet . Retrieved 30 January 2015 .
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