social diversity in india essay

CBSE Class 10th
CBSE Class 12th
UP Board 10th
UP Board 12th
Bihar Board 10th
Bihar Board 12th
Top Schools in India
Top Schools in Delhi
Top Schools in Mumbai
Top Schools in Chennai
Top Schools in Hyderabad
Top Schools in Kolkata
Top Schools in Pune
Top Schools in Bangalore

Products & Resources

JEE Main Knockout April
Free Sample Papers
Free Ebooks
NCERT Notes
NCERT Syllabus
NCERT Books
RD Sharma Solutions
Navodaya Vidyalaya Admission 2024-25
NCERT Solutions
NCERT Solutions for Class 12
NCERT Solutions for Class 11
NCERT solutions for Class 10
NCERT solutions for Class 9
NCERT solutions for Class 8
NCERT Solutions for Class 7
JEE Main 2024
MHT CET 2024
JEE Advanced 2024
BITSAT 2024
View All Engineering Exams
Colleges Accepting B.Tech Applications
Top Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in India
Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu
Engineering Colleges Accepting JEE Main
Top IITs in India
Top NITs in India
Top IIITs in India
JEE Main College Predictor
JEE Main Rank Predictor
MHT CET College Predictor
AP EAMCET College Predictor
GATE College Predictor
KCET College Predictor
JEE Advanced College Predictor
View All College Predictors
JEE Main Question Paper
JEE Main Cutoff
JEE Main Answer Key
JEE Main Result
Download E-Books and Sample Papers
Compare Colleges
B.Tech College Applications
JEE Advanced Registration
MAH MBA CET Exam
View All Management Exams

Colleges & Courses

MBA College Admissions
MBA Colleges in India
Top IIMs Colleges in India
Top Online MBA Colleges in India
MBA Colleges Accepting XAT Score
BBA Colleges in India
XAT College Predictor 2024
SNAP College Predictor
NMAT College Predictor
MAT College Predictor 2024
CMAT College Predictor 2024
CAT Percentile Predictor 2023
CAT 2023 College Predictor
CMAT 2024 Registration
TS ICET 2024 Registration
CMAT Exam Date 2024
MAH MBA CET Cutoff 2024
Download Helpful Ebooks
List of Popular Branches
QnA - Get answers to your doubts
IIM Fees Structure
AIIMS Nursing
Top Medical Colleges in India
Top Medical Colleges in India accepting NEET Score
Medical Colleges accepting NEET
List of Medical Colleges in India
List of AIIMS Colleges In India
Medical Colleges in Maharashtra
Medical Colleges in India Accepting NEET PG
NEET College Predictor
NEET PG College Predictor
NEET MDS College Predictor
DNB CET College Predictor
DNB PDCET College Predictor
NEET Application Form 2024
NEET PG Application Form 2024
NEET Cut off
NEET Online Preparation
Download Helpful E-books
LSAT India 2024
Colleges Accepting Admissions
Top Law Colleges in India
Law College Accepting CLAT Score
List of Law Colleges in India
Top Law Colleges in Delhi
Top Law Collages in Indore
Top Law Colleges in Chandigarh
Top Law Collages in Lucknow

Predictors & E-Books

CLAT College Predictor
MHCET Law ( 5 Year L.L.B) College Predictor
AILET College Predictor
Sample Papers
Compare Law Collages
Careers360 Youtube Channel
CLAT Syllabus 2025
CLAT Previous Year Question Paper
AIBE 18 Result 2023
NID DAT Exam
Pearl Academy Exam

Animation Courses

Animation Courses in India
Animation Courses in Bangalore
Animation Courses in Mumbai
Animation Courses in Pune
Animation Courses in Chennai
Animation Courses in Hyderabad
Design Colleges in India
Fashion Design Colleges in Bangalore
Fashion Design Colleges in Mumbai
Fashion Design Colleges in Pune
Fashion Design Colleges in Delhi
Fashion Design Colleges in Hyderabad
Fashion Design Colleges in India
Top Design Colleges in India
Free Design E-books
List of Branches
Careers360 Youtube channel
NIFT College Predictor
UCEED College Predictor
NID DAT College Predictor
IPU CET BJMC
JMI Mass Communication Entrance Exam
IIMC Entrance Exam
Media & Journalism colleges in Delhi
Media & Journalism colleges in Bangalore
Media & Journalism colleges in Mumbai
List of Media & Journalism Colleges in India
CA Intermediate
CA Foundation
CS Executive
CS Professional
Difference between CA and CS
Difference between CA and CMA
CA Full form
CMA Full form
CS Full form
CA Salary In India

Top Courses & Careers

Bachelor of Commerce (B.Com)
Master of Commerce (M.Com)
Company Secretary
Cost Accountant
Charted Accountant
Credit Manager
Financial Advisor
Top Commerce Colleges in India
Top Government Commerce Colleges in India
Top Private Commerce Colleges in India
Top M.Com Colleges in Mumbai
Top B.Com Colleges in India
IT Colleges in Tamil Nadu
IT Colleges in Uttar Pradesh
MCA Colleges in India
BCA Colleges in India

Diploma Colleges

Top Diploma Colleges in Maharashtra
UPSC IAS 2024
SSC CGL 2024
IBPS RRB 2024
Previous Year Sample Papers
Free Competition E-books
Sarkari Result
QnA- Get your doubts answered
UPSC Previous Year Sample Papers
CTET Previous Year Sample Papers
SBI Clerk Previous Year Sample Papers
NDA Previous Year Sample Papers

Upcoming Events

NDA Application Form 2024
UPSC IAS Application Form 2024
CDS Application Form 2024
CTET Admit card 2024
HP TET Result 2023
SSC GD Constable Admit Card 2024
UPTET Notification 2024
SBI Clerk Result 2024

Other Exams

SSC CHSL 2024
UP PCS 2024
UGC NET 2024
RRB NTPC 2024
IBPS PO 2024
IBPS Clerk 2024
IBPS SO 2024
Top University in USA
Top University in Canada
Top University in Ireland
Top Universities in UK
Top Universities in Australia
Best MBA Colleges in Abroad
Business Management Studies Colleges

Top Countries

Study in USA
Study in UK
Study in Canada
Study in Australia
Study in Ireland
Study in Germany
Study in China
Study in Europe

Student Visas

Student Visa Canada
Student Visa UK
Student Visa USA
Student Visa Australia
Student Visa Germany
Student Visa New Zealand
Student Visa Ireland
CUET PG 2024
IGNOU B.Ed Admission 2024
DU Admission 2024
UP B.Ed JEE 2024
DDU Entrance Exam
IIT JAM 2024
IGNOU Online Admission 2024
Universities in India
Top Universities in India 2024
Top Colleges in India
Top Universities in Uttar Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Bihar
Top Universities in Madhya Pradesh 2024
Top Universities in Tamil Nadu 2024
Central Universities in India
CUET Exam City Intimation Slip 2024
IGNOU Date Sheet
CUET Mock Test 2024
CUET Admit card 2024
CUET PG Syllabus 2024
CUET Participating Universities 2024
CUET Previous Year Question Paper
CUET Syllabus 2024 for Science Students
E-Books and Sample Papers
CUET Exam Pattern 2024
CUET Exam Date 2024
CUET Syllabus 2024
IGNOU Exam Form 2024
IGNOU Result
CUET Courses List 2024

Engineering Preparation

Knockout JEE Main 2024
Test Series JEE Main 2024
JEE Main 2024 Rank Booster

Medical Preparation

Knockout NEET 2024
Test Series NEET 2024
Rank Booster NEET 2024

Online Courses

JEE Main One Month Course
NEET One Month Course
IBSAT Free Mock Tests
IIT JEE Foundation Course
Knockout BITSAT 2024
Career Guidance Tool

Top Streams

IT & Software Certification Courses
Engineering and Architecture Certification Courses
Programming And Development Certification Courses
Business and Management Certification Courses
Marketing Certification Courses
Health and Fitness Certification Courses
Design Certification Courses

Specializations

Digital Marketing Certification Courses
Cyber Security Certification Courses
Artificial Intelligence Certification Courses
Business Analytics Certification Courses
Data Science Certification Courses
Cloud Computing Certification Courses
Machine Learning Certification Courses
View All Certification Courses
UG Degree Courses
PG Degree Courses
Short Term Courses
Free Courses
Online Degrees and Diplomas
Compare Courses

Top Providers

Coursera Courses
Udemy Courses
Edx Courses
Swayam Courses
upGrad Courses
Simplilearn Courses
Great Learning Courses

Access premium articles, webinars, resources to make the best decisions for career, course, exams, scholarships, study abroad and much more with

Plan, Prepare & Make the Best Career Choices

Diversity In India Essay

Diversity in India is a remarkable phenomenon, one that has been celebrated since ancient times. It is a country where different cultures, religions, languages, and traditions coexist in harmony, reflecting its traditional adage of ‘unity in diversity’. India is home to a plethora of different ethnicities, languages, religions and cultures, each with its own unique set of customs and beliefs. Here are a few sample essays on the topic ‘Diversity In India’.

100 Words Essay On Diversity In India

200 words essay on diversity in india, 500 words essay on diversity in india.

India is a country with a rich and diverse cultural heritage, and it is no surprise that it is also home to a variety of people from different religions, ethnicities and backgrounds. Diversity in India is a reflection of the many different groups and cultures that coexist in the country. India’s diversity is not only celebrated but embraced and admired.

When it comes to diversity in India, there are several types. The most common are religious, linguistic, regional, and ethnic diversity. India is one of the most religiously diverse countries in the world, with Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and many other belief systems calling the country home. Additionally, India is home to several languages including Hindi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Punjabi, Gujarati, and Bengali.

India’s ethnic diversity is also quite remarkable. The population is divided into numerous ethnic groups including the Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Castes, Other Backward Classes, and many more. Each of these ethnic groups has their own distinct culture, language, and customs, making them unique and inspiring. There are also many dialects of each language and they are spoken throughout the country's states and regions.

Benefits | The many different types of diversity in India are beneficial in several ways. Firstly, it leads to a more harmonious and peaceful environment, as people from different backgrounds are able to share their unique perspectives and experiences, leading to mutual understanding and respect. Secondly, diversity allows for a variety of talents and skills to be cultivated, leading to a more vibrant and successful economy. Lastly, diversity leads to an increased appreciation and understanding of different cultures and beliefs, which is beneficial for the country’s progress and development.

Unity In Diversity | The concept of ‘unity in diversity’ is an integral part of India’s culture and identity. This concept is evident in everything from the country’s festivals and celebrations, to its freedom of expression and equal rights for all. It is this idea of diverse people coming together to form one unified nation that makes India stand out among other countries in the world.

India is a land of unique and diverse cultures, religions, languages, and customs. The concept of ‘unity in diversity’ is a cornerstone of India’s culture and identity, and is something that should be celebrated and embraced. The different patterns of culture, religion, language, and customs make India one of the most interesting countries in the world.

Geographical Diversity | India's diversity is also visible in its geographical landscape. India is a land of mountains, valleys, plains, deserts, and seas. It has the highest mountain range, the Himalayas. It also has the largest desert, the Thar Desert, and the longest river, the Ganges.

Social, Economical And Cultural Advantages Of Diversity

India’s diversity is beneficial both economically and socially, allowing the country to prosper and grow.

The diversities in India have been beneficial for its people. One of the most significant benefits is that it has enabled India to be a culturally, socially, politically and economically united nation. The diversity in India has also helped to promote a sense of understanding and tolerance among its people. It is this sense of understanding and tolerance that has enabled India to become a strong and unified nation.

India's unique diversity has enabled the country to be a leader in the field of science, technology, and innovation. India is home to a number of leading technology companies and has been a major player in the global economy.

India's diversity has also been beneficial in terms of promoting cultural exchange and understanding. India has given the world a number of great cultural traditions such as yoga, Ayurveda, and music. This has enabled people from different cultures and religions to come together and exchange ideas and experiences.

Impact of Diversity In India

The diversity in India has had a major positive impact on the country, both in terms of its economy and its culture. The diverse population has enabled India to become a multicultural hub, with people from all walks of life interacting with each other, exchanging ideas, and bringing different perspectives to the table. This has enabled the country to become a melting pot of different cultures, thereby increasing its economic power. The presence of different religions has also resulted in the development of a more tolerant and inclusive society.

The diversity of India has also enabled it to preserve its traditions and practices. By embracing different cultures, India has been able to protect its own culture and customs. This has enabled the country to benefit from its traditional values and practices, while also benefiting from the knowledge and innovation brought in by its diverse population.

India’s diversity is a source of strength and a major source of pride for the country. It has enabled the country to become a major player in the global economy, while preserving its traditional values and customs. The presence of different religions, languages, and cultures has enabled the country to become a more tolerant and inclusive society. It is this unique diversity that has enabled India to become the vibrant, dynamic and economically powerful nation that it is today.

Explore Career Options (By Industry)

Construction
Entertainment
Manufacturing
Information Technology

Data Administrator

Database professionals use software to store and organise data such as financial information, and customer shipping records. Individuals who opt for a career as data administrators ensure that data is available for users and secured from unauthorised sales. DB administrators may work in various types of industries. It may involve computer systems design, service firms, insurance companies, banks and hospitals.

Bio Medical Engineer

The field of biomedical engineering opens up a universe of expert chances. An Individual in the biomedical engineering career path work in the field of engineering as well as medicine, in order to find out solutions to common problems of the two fields. The biomedical engineering job opportunities are to collaborate with doctors and researchers to develop medical systems, equipment, or devices that can solve clinical problems. Here we will be discussing jobs after biomedical engineering, how to get a job in biomedical engineering, biomedical engineering scope, and salary.

Ethical Hacker

A career as ethical hacker involves various challenges and provides lucrative opportunities in the digital era where every giant business and startup owns its cyberspace on the world wide web. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path try to find the vulnerabilities in the cyber system to get its authority. If he or she succeeds in it then he or she gets its illegal authority. Individuals in the ethical hacker career path then steal information or delete the file that could affect the business, functioning, or services of the organization.

GIS officer work on various GIS software to conduct a study and gather spatial and non-spatial information. GIS experts update the GIS data and maintain it. The databases include aerial or satellite imagery, latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates, and manually digitized images of maps. In a career as GIS expert, one is responsible for creating online and mobile maps.

Data Analyst

The invention of the database has given fresh breath to the people involved in the data analytics career path. Analysis refers to splitting up a whole into its individual components for individual analysis. Data analysis is a method through which raw data are processed and transformed into information that would be beneficial for user strategic thinking.

Data are collected and examined to respond to questions, evaluate hypotheses or contradict theories. It is a tool for analyzing, transforming, modeling, and arranging data with useful knowledge, to assist in decision-making and methods, encompassing various strategies, and is used in different fields of business, research, and social science.

Geothermal Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as geothermal engineers are the professionals involved in the processing of geothermal energy. The responsibilities of geothermal engineers may vary depending on the workplace location. Those who work in fields design facilities to process and distribute geothermal energy. They oversee the functioning of machinery used in the field.

Database Architect

If you are intrigued by the programming world and are interested in developing communications networks then a career as database architect may be a good option for you. Data architect roles and responsibilities include building design models for data communication networks. Wide Area Networks (WANs), local area networks (LANs), and intranets are included in the database networks. It is expected that database architects will have in-depth knowledge of a company's business to develop a network to fulfil the requirements of the organisation. Stay tuned as we look at the larger picture and give you more information on what is db architecture, why you should pursue database architecture, what to expect from such a degree and what your job opportunities will be after graduation. Here, we will be discussing how to become a data architect. Students can visit NIT Trichy , IIT Kharagpur , JMI New Delhi .

Remote Sensing Technician

Individuals who opt for a career as a remote sensing technician possess unique personalities. Remote sensing analysts seem to be rational human beings, they are strong, independent, persistent, sincere, realistic and resourceful. Some of them are analytical as well, which means they are intelligent, introspective and inquisitive.

Remote sensing scientists use remote sensing technology to support scientists in fields such as community planning, flight planning or the management of natural resources. Analysing data collected from aircraft, satellites or ground-based platforms using statistical analysis software, image analysis software or Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a significant part of their work. Do you want to learn how to become remote sensing technician? There's no need to be concerned; we've devised a simple remote sensing technician career path for you. Scroll through the pages and read.

Budget Analyst

Budget analysis, in a nutshell, entails thoroughly analyzing the details of a financial budget. The budget analysis aims to better understand and manage revenue. Budget analysts assist in the achievement of financial targets, the preservation of profitability, and the pursuit of long-term growth for a business. Budget analysts generally have a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, or a closely related field. Knowledge of Financial Management is of prime importance in this career.

Underwriter

An underwriter is a person who assesses and evaluates the risk of insurance in his or her field like mortgage, loan, health policy, investment, and so on and so forth. The underwriter career path does involve risks as analysing the risks means finding out if there is a way for the insurance underwriter jobs to recover the money from its clients. If the risk turns out to be too much for the company then in the future it is an underwriter who will be held accountable for it. Therefore, one must carry out his or her job with a lot of attention and diligence.

Finance Executive

Product manager.

A Product Manager is a professional responsible for product planning and marketing. He or she manages the product throughout the Product Life Cycle, gathering and prioritising the product. A product manager job description includes defining the product vision and working closely with team members of other departments to deliver winning products.

Operations Manager

Individuals in the operations manager jobs are responsible for ensuring the efficiency of each department to acquire its optimal goal. They plan the use of resources and distribution of materials. The operations manager's job description includes managing budgets, negotiating contracts, and performing administrative tasks.

Stock Analyst

Individuals who opt for a career as a stock analyst examine the company's investments makes decisions and keep track of financial securities. The nature of such investments will differ from one business to the next. Individuals in the stock analyst career use data mining to forecast a company's profits and revenues, advise clients on whether to buy or sell, participate in seminars, and discussing financial matters with executives and evaluate annual reports.

A Researcher is a professional who is responsible for collecting data and information by reviewing the literature and conducting experiments and surveys. He or she uses various methodological processes to provide accurate data and information that is utilised by academicians and other industry professionals. Here, we will discuss what is a researcher, the researcher's salary, types of researchers.

Welding Engineer

Welding Engineer Job Description: A Welding Engineer work involves managing welding projects and supervising welding teams. He or she is responsible for reviewing welding procedures, processes and documentation. A career as Welding Engineer involves conducting failure analyses and causes on welding issues.

Transportation Planner

A career as Transportation Planner requires technical application of science and technology in engineering, particularly the concepts, equipment and technologies involved in the production of products and services. In fields like land use, infrastructure review, ecological standards and street design, he or she considers issues of health, environment and performance. A Transportation Planner assigns resources for implementing and designing programmes. He or she is responsible for assessing needs, preparing plans and forecasts and compliance with regulations.

Environmental Engineer

Individuals who opt for a career as an environmental engineer are construction professionals who utilise the skills and knowledge of biology, soil science, chemistry and the concept of engineering to design and develop projects that serve as solutions to various environmental problems.

Safety Manager

A Safety Manager is a professional responsible for employee’s safety at work. He or she plans, implements and oversees the company’s employee safety. A Safety Manager ensures compliance and adherence to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) guidelines.

Conservation Architect

A Conservation Architect is a professional responsible for conserving and restoring buildings or monuments having a historic value. He or she applies techniques to document and stabilise the object’s state without any further damage. A Conservation Architect restores the monuments and heritage buildings to bring them back to their original state.

Structural Engineer

A Structural Engineer designs buildings, bridges, and other related structures. He or she analyzes the structures and makes sure the structures are strong enough to be used by the people. A career as a Structural Engineer requires working in the construction process. It comes under the civil engineering discipline. A Structure Engineer creates structural models with the help of computer-aided design software.

Highway Engineer

Highway Engineer Job Description: A Highway Engineer is a civil engineer who specialises in planning and building thousands of miles of roads that support connectivity and allow transportation across the country. He or she ensures that traffic management schemes are effectively planned concerning economic sustainability and successful implementation.

Field Surveyor

Are you searching for a Field Surveyor Job Description? A Field Surveyor is a professional responsible for conducting field surveys for various places or geographical conditions. He or she collects the required data and information as per the instructions given by senior officials.

Orthotist and Prosthetist

Orthotists and Prosthetists are professionals who provide aid to patients with disabilities. They fix them to artificial limbs (prosthetics) and help them to regain stability. There are times when people lose their limbs in an accident. In some other occasions, they are born without a limb or orthopaedic impairment. Orthotists and prosthetists play a crucial role in their lives with fixing them to assistive devices and provide mobility.

Pathologist

A career in pathology in India is filled with several responsibilities as it is a medical branch and affects human lives. The demand for pathologists has been increasing over the past few years as people are getting more aware of different diseases. Not only that, but an increase in population and lifestyle changes have also contributed to the increase in a pathologist’s demand. The pathology careers provide an extremely huge number of opportunities and if you want to be a part of the medical field you can consider being a pathologist. If you want to know more about a career in pathology in India then continue reading this article.

Veterinary Doctor

Speech therapist, gynaecologist.

Gynaecology can be defined as the study of the female body. The job outlook for gynaecology is excellent since there is evergreen demand for one because of their responsibility of dealing with not only women’s health but also fertility and pregnancy issues. Although most women prefer to have a women obstetrician gynaecologist as their doctor, men also explore a career as a gynaecologist and there are ample amounts of male doctors in the field who are gynaecologists and aid women during delivery and childbirth.

Audiologist

The audiologist career involves audiology professionals who are responsible to treat hearing loss and proactively preventing the relevant damage. Individuals who opt for a career as an audiologist use various testing strategies with the aim to determine if someone has a normal sensitivity to sounds or not. After the identification of hearing loss, a hearing doctor is required to determine which sections of the hearing are affected, to what extent they are affected, and where the wound causing the hearing loss is found. As soon as the hearing loss is identified, the patients are provided with recommendations for interventions and rehabilitation such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and appropriate medical referrals. While audiology is a branch of science that studies and researches hearing, balance, and related disorders.

An oncologist is a specialised doctor responsible for providing medical care to patients diagnosed with cancer. He or she uses several therapies to control the cancer and its effect on the human body such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and biopsy. An oncologist designs a treatment plan based on a pathology report after diagnosing the type of cancer and where it is spreading inside the body.

Are you searching for an ‘Anatomist job description’? An Anatomist is a research professional who applies the laws of biological science to determine the ability of bodies of various living organisms including animals and humans to regenerate the damaged or destroyed organs. If you want to know what does an anatomist do, then read the entire article, where we will answer all your questions.

For an individual who opts for a career as an actor, the primary responsibility is to completely speak to the character he or she is playing and to persuade the crowd that the character is genuine by connecting with them and bringing them into the story. This applies to significant roles and littler parts, as all roles join to make an effective creation. Here in this article, we will discuss how to become an actor in India, actor exams, actor salary in India, and actor jobs.

Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

Applications for Admissions are open.

Aakash iACST Scholarship Test 2024

Get up to 90% scholarship on NEET, JEE & Foundation courses

JEE Main Important Chemistry formulas

As per latest 2024 syllabus. Chemistry formulas, equations, & laws of class 11 & 12th chapters

ALLEN NEET Coaching

Ace your NEET preparation with ALLEN Online Programs

SAT® | CollegeBoard

TOEFL ® Registrations 2024

Thinking of Studying Abroad? Think the TOEFL® test. Register now & Save 10% on English Proficiency Tests with Gift Cards

Resonance Coaching

Enroll in Resonance Coaching for success in JEE/NEET exams

Everything about Education

Latest updates, Exclusive Content, Webinars and more.

Download Careers360 App's

Regular exam updates, QnA, Predictors, College Applications & E-books now on your Mobile

Cetifications

We Appeared in

Skip to primary navigation
Skip to main content
Skip to primary sidebar

UPSC Coaching, Study Materials, and Mock Exams

Enroll in ClearIAS UPSC Coaching Join Now Log In

Call us: +91-9605741000

Diversity of India

Last updated on April 4, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

Despite numerous foreign invasions, a vast synthesis of the cultures, faiths, and languages of the people from all castes and communities has maintained its cohesion and unity.

Even if stark economic and social disparities have prevented the formation of egalitarian social relations, national unity and integrity have been preserved. This fusion has transformed India into a singular mosque of cultures. India thus presents a situation that appears to be multicultural within the context of a single, cohesive cultural whole.

What does diversity mean?

The word “diversity” places more emphasis on differences than on unfairness. It refers to group disparities, or distinctions separating one group of individuals from another. These differences could be biological, religious, linguistic, or anything else. Diversity refers to the variety of races, religions, languages, castes, and cultures.

Integrity refers to unity. It is a state of social psychology. It suggests a sense of unity and togetherness. It represents the ties that keep a society’s members together. Essentially, “unity in diversity” means “diversity without fragmentation” and “unity without uniformity.” It is predicated on the idea that diversity enhances interpersonal communication.

When we refer to India as a country with rich cultural diversity, we are referring to the wide variety of social groupings and cultures that call India home. These groups identify primarily through cultural traits like language, religion, sect, race, or caste.

Admissions Open: Join Prelims cum Mains Course 2025 Now

Forms of India’s Diversity

The different forms of India’s diversity include the following.

Religious diversity

India is a country that is home to many different religions. The Indian population is made up of Hindus (82.41%), Muslims (11.6%), Christians (2.32%), Sikhs (1.99%), Buddhists (0.77%), and Jains (0.41%), in addition to the tribal societies, many of which continue to practice animism and magic.

Hindus are divided into several sects, including Vaishnavas, Shaivites, Shaktas, and Smartas. Similarly, there are various Muslim sects, including Shi’ites, Sunnis, Ahmadis, etc.

Language diversity

The major language families among the languages spoken in India are the Dravidian languages, which are spoken by 20% of Indians, and the Indo-Aryan languages, which are spoken by 75% of Indians.

Admissions Open: Join CSAT Course Now

The Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates are home to other languages.

After Papua New Guinea, India has the second-highest number of languages in the world. India’s ethnic variety was divided into the following groups according to the 1931 census: Negrito, Proto-Australoid, Mongoloid, Mediterranean, Western Brachycephals, and Nordic.

Also Read: Endangered Languages of India

The Caste Diversity

The Caste Diversity includes members of all three major world races, namely Caucasoid, Mongoloid, and Negroid: India is a nation with Both varna and jati have been referred to as “caste” in the past. According to functional differentiation, society is divided into four groups called Varna. Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and an outcaste.

While the term “Jati” designates a hereditary endogamous status group engaged in a certain traditional profession. There are more than 3000 jatis, and there isn’t a single system for classifying and ranking them across all of India. The jati system is dynamic and allows for movement, which has allowed jatis to vary their location throughout time. M. N. Srinivas referred to this method of upward mobility as “Sanskritization.”

Admissions Open: Join Prelims Test Series Now

Ethnic diversity

Ethnic diversity Regional differences are reflected in cultural patterns. Due to demographic diversity, Indian culture is extremely diverse and is a fusion of many other cultures. Every region, caste, and religion has its unique traditions and culture. As a result, there are variations in music, dance, theatre, and architecture.

Geographic diversity

With a total land area of 3.28 million square kilometers, India is a big nation with a wide variety of natural landscapes , including deserts, evergreen forests, steep mountains, perennial and non-perennial river systems, lengthy coasts, and fertile plains.

In addition to the major forms of variety already mentioned, India also has diversity in many other areas, such as tribal, rural, and urban patterns of habitation, patterns of marriage and kinship along religious and regional lines, and more.

Also read: Salient features of Indian Society – ClearIAS

Factors Promoting Unity in India’s Diversity

Constitutional identity : A single person is elected to lead the entire nation. Even Nevertheless, the majority of states adhere to a standard 3-tier structure of government, bringing
Furthermore, regardless of their age, gender, class, caste, or religion, all citizens are guaranteed certain fundamental rights under the Constitution.
Religion tolerance is the distinctive characteristic of faiths in India, and as a result, many different religions coexist there. The Constitution itself guarantees the freedom of religion and practice. Additionally, the state accords equal preference to all religions and has no official state religion.
Interstate movement : Article 19 (1) (d) of the Constitution ensures freedom of movement throughout India’s territory, fostering a sense of brotherhood and solidarity among the people.
Other elements that contribute to consistency in the criminal justice system and policy implementation include the uniformity of the law, penal code, and administrative tasks (such as All India Services).
Economic integration : The Goods and Service Tax (GST) has paved the way for “one country, one tax, one national market,” thereby facilitating unity among different regions. The Indian Constitution also guarantees the freedom of trade, commerce, and intercourse within the territory of India under Article.
Institution of pilgrimage and religious practices: Spirituality and religion are very important in India. Religious sites and sacred rivers can be found all over the length and breadth of the country, from Badrinath and Kedarnath in the north to Rameshwaram in the south, Jagannath Puri in the east, and Dwaraka in the west. They are closely tied to the long-standing tradition of pilgrimage, which has always drawn people to different regions of the nation and given them a feeling of geo-cultural identity.
Fairs and festivals : These serve as integrating factors as well because people from all across the nation participate in them. Hindus around the nation celebrate Diwali, just as Muslims and Christians celebrate Id and Christmas, respectively. In India, interreligious celebrations are also observed.
Weather integration via the monsoon : The monsoon season affects the entire Indian subcontinent’s flora and fauna, agricultural activities, and way of life, including holidays. Sports and cinema are widely popular throughout the nation, serving as unifying forces. Factors that undermine India’s unity include:
Regionalism : Regionalism favors the interests of a certain region or region over those of the nation. It may also hurt national integration. Regional demands and the resulting law and order situation
Polarising politics : Politicians would occasionally invoke ascriptive identities like caste, religion, etc. to gain support. Violence, feelings of mistrust, and suspicion among minorities can emerge from this kind of polarising politics.
Unbalanced development Backwardness of a region can be brought on by uneven socioeconomic growth, poor economic policies, and the resulting economic inequities. As a result, this may spark acts of violence, ignite migrant waves, or even fuel separatist demands. For instance, numerous examples of secessionist demands and tendencies have emerged as a result of the North East’s economic underdevelopment.
Ethnic diversity and nativism: Ethnic diversity has frequently resulted in conflicts between various ethnic groups, particularly as a result of reasons like employment competition, a lack of resources, and threats to identity For instance, Bodos and Muslims who speak Bengali frequently fight in Assam. The son of the soil idea, which links people to their place of birth and bestows upon them certain advantages, privileges, duties, and obligations that may not apply to others, has served to emphasize this.
Geographic isolation: Isolation can also result in separatist thinking and identity problems. Geographically, the North-East is separated from the rest of the nation by a small passageway called the Siliguri corridor, sometimes known as the “Chicken’s Neck.”The area is less developed economically than the rest of the nation and has poor infrastructure. As a result, it has seen several incidents of separatist and cross-border terrorism.
Inter-religious disputes : Inter-religious disputes not only deteriorate relations between two communities by sowing distrust and fear, but they also damage the nation’s secular fabric.
Conflicts between states : This may cause feelings of regionalism to grow. Additionally, it may have an impact on interstate commerce and communication. For instance, the Karnataka-Tamil Cauvery River dispute
External influences : External influences, such as foreign organizations, terrorist organizations, and extremist groups, can occasionally inspire violence and foster feelings of secession. g. Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is alleged to have supported and trained mujahideen to fight in Jammu and Kashmir and incite separatist sentiment among local groupings.

Despite the difficulties diversity might provide, there is no denying the vital role sociocultural diversity has played in maintaining and advancing Indian culture.

The handling of diversity in Indian society, not diversity itself, is the issue. Because the benefits of growth haven’t been divided fairly or certain groups’ cultures haven’t received the acknowledgment they deserve, problems like regionalism, communalism, and ethnic conflicts have emerged.

Therefore, the Constitution and its ideas must serve as the foundation of our society. Any culture that has attempted to homogenize itself has experienced eventual stagnation and decline. The most notable instance in this situation is Pakistan’s attempt to force its culture on East Pakistan, ultimately leading to Bangladesh’s establishment.

Article Written By: Atheena Fathima Riyas

Aim IAS, IPS, or IFS?

About ClearIAS Team

ClearIAS is one of the most trusted learning platforms in India for UPSC preparation. Around 1 million aspirants learn from the ClearIAS every month.

Our courses and training methods are different from traditional coaching. We give special emphasis on smart work and personal mentorship. Many UPSC toppers thank ClearIAS for our role in their success.

Download the ClearIAS mobile apps now to supplement your self-study efforts with ClearIAS smart-study training.

Reader Interactions

April 16, 2024 at 8:41 pm

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

Join ClearIAS PCM Course Now

UPSC Online Preparation

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
Indian Police Service (IPS)
IAS Exam Eligibility
UPSC Free Study Materials
UPSC Exam Guidance
UPSC Prelims Test Series
UPSC Syllabus
UPSC Online
UPSC Prelims
UPSC Interview
UPSC Toppers
UPSC Previous Year Qns
UPSC Age Calculator
UPSC Calendar 2024
About ClearIAS
ClearIAS Programs
ClearIAS Fee Structure
IAS Coaching
UPSC Coaching
UPSC Online Coaching
ClearIAS Blog
Important Updates
Announcements
Book Review
ClearIAS App
Work with us
Advertise with us
Privacy Policy
Terms and Conditions
Talk to Your Mentor

Featured on

and many more...

Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World

Read our research on:

Full Topic List

Regions & Countries

Publications
Our Methods
Short Reads
Tools & Resources

Read Our Research On:

Key facts about the religiously and demographically diverse states of India

With more than a billion inhabitants, India is the world’s second-most populous country and religiously, culturally and demographically diverse. A majority Hindu nation , India is also home to most of the world’s Sikhs and Jains and some of the world’s largest Muslim and Buddhist populations. India’s dozens of states and union territories also vary widely from each other. To highlight some of these differences, here are key facts about India’s states, based on the country’s most recent census, conducted in 2011, as well as Pew Research Center’s global population estimates for 2010 and other sources.

Pew Research Center conducted this analysis as part of a series of studies on India’s religious demography , and religious attitudes and practices in the country. Sourcing can be found in the hyperlinks included.

India’s most populous state or territory had more people than Brazil in 2011, while its least populous one had about as many people as Bermuda. Uttar Pradesh, India’s most populous state, was home to about 200 million people in 2011. If Uttar Pradesh were its own country, it would have been the world’s fifth-most populous that year, ahead of Brazil (195 million people) and Pakistan (174 million).

A map showing that in 2011, India's most populous state had more people than Brazil, its least populous as many as Bermuda

India’s second- and third-most populous states, Maharashtra (112 million) and Bihar (104 million), had roughly the same number of inhabitants as Mexico and the Philippines, the world’s 11th- and 12th-most populous countries in 2011.

India’s least populous territory, the southern archipelago of Lakshadweep, had about 60,000 people in 2011. That was on par with Greenland and Bermuda, and equaled roughly a tenth of Wyoming’s residents at that time.

Hindus were a majority in 28 of India’s 35 states in 2011. Around 94% of the world’s Hindus (966 million) lived in India in 2011. In fact, the Hindu population in any one of these four Indian states – Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh – exceeded that of every country outside of India combined .

Maharashtra – which lies on India’s western coast and includes Mumbai, India’s financial center and biggest city – also had the country’s largest numbers of Jains and Buddhists. Sikhs, meanwhile, were concentrated in the Northern state of Punjab, on the Pakistani border. About 58% of Punjab’s 28 million inhabitants were Sikh in 2011, making the state home to most of the world’s Sikhs.

A bar chart showing that Punjab has India's largest number of Sikhs – and more Sikhs than the rest of the world combined

India’s states and territories vary widely in wealth , as measured by per capita gross domestic product in 2019 and 2020. Bihar, near the northeastern border and not far from Nepal and Bangladesh, had the lowest per capita GDP in India, at about $2,300 (adjusted for purchasing power parity), according to Indian government data. That was similar to the per capita GDP of Mali or Rwanda. Goa, on India’s western coast along the Arabian Sea, was about 10 times as wealthy as Bihar and had India’s highest per capita GDP of $22,000, similar to that of Bulgaria.

A map showing that in India, education and wealth vary widely by state

Literacy rates differ by state in India. The nation’s poorest state, Bihar, had the country’s lowest literacy rate in 2011, with 64% of inhabitants over age 7 who could read and write, according to the Indian census. In Kerala, the state with the highest share of literate residents, the rate was 94%. (Kerala was also one of India’s most religiously diverse states , with large shares of Hindus, Muslims and Christians.)

Among all Indians, about three-quarters (74%) could read and write in 2011. This was comparable to the literacy rates of Morocco (74%) and Rwanda (73%), and lower than the rate of 99% in the United States, according to the World Bank . Worldwide, 84% could read and write in 2011.

The average Indian woman has between one and three children in her lifetime, depending on where she lives, a range that is partly tied to differences in wealth and other indicators of prosperity. On the low end of the spectrum, the fertility rate in the Northeastern state of Sikkim is about 1.1, according to India’s most recent 2021 National Family and Health Survey . That rate is similar to Singapore’s, and well below the approximately 2.1 children per woman needed for each generation to replace itself.

In Bihar, on the other hand, the average woman is expected to have three children, about as many as the average Algerian or Israeli woman. In the U.S., the total fertility rate is 1.6, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . The global fertility rate is about 2.4.

Life expectancy varies by more than a decade across Indian states . The average person in Assam could expect to live to be about 64 in 2011, while a resident of Kerala could expect to live to age 75. Overall, life expectancy in India was 68 years – the same as in Guyana during that time, and three years less than worldwide life expectancy of 71. The U.S. life expectancy in 2011 was 79 years, although it varied by state in the U.S. too .

Birth Rate & Fertility
Religious Characteristics of Demographic Groups
Size & Demographic Characteristics of Religious Groups

Few East Asian adults believe women have an obligation to society to have children

A growing share of americans say they’ve had fertility treatments or know someone who has, key facts as india surpasses china as the world’s most populous country, key facts about china’s declining population, global population skews male, but un projects parity between sexes by 2050, most popular.

1615 L St. NW, Suite 800 Washington, DC 20036 USA (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries

Research Topics

Age & Generations
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Economy & Work
Family & Relationships
Gender & LGBTQ
Immigration & Migration
International Affairs
Internet & Technology
Methodological Research
News Habits & Media
Non-U.S. Governments
Other Topics
Politics & Policy
Race & Ethnicity
Email Newsletters

ABOUT PEW RESEARCH CENTER Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts .

Terms & Conditions

Cookie Settings

Reprints, Permissions & Use Policy

Essay on Diversity in India

Students are often asked to write an essay on Diversity in India in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Diversity in India

Introduction.

India is a vast country known for its diverse culture, religion, and languages. This diversity is what makes India unique and special.

Cultural Diversity

India is home to various cultures. Each culture has its own set of traditions, festivals, and rituals, contributing to the rich tapestry of Indian society.

Religious Diversity

India is a secular country where people of different religions live together. These religions include Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism.

Linguistic Diversity

India is a linguistically diverse country with more than 1600 spoken languages. Each state has its own regional language, adding to the country’s multiculturalism.

In conclusion, diversity in India is a symbol of unity in diversity. It is a country where diverse cultures, religions, and languages coexist peacefully.

250 Words Essay on Diversity in India

India, often referred to as a ‘sub-continent’, is renowned for its rich diversity. The country’s vast landscape is a mosaic of various cultures, languages, religions, and traditions, making it a vibrant and colorful nation.

India’s cultural diversity is one of its most striking features. With over 2,000 distinct ethnic groups and more than 1,600 spoken languages, the country is a melting pot of cultures. Every state in India has its unique dance forms, music, cuisine, and art, contributing to a cultural kaleidoscope that is as diverse as it is vibrant.

Religion is another facet of India’s diversity. The country is the birthplace of several religions, including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Additionally, it embraces Islam, Christianity, and other faiths, fostering a spirit of religious coexistence and tolerance.

The linguistic diversity in India is unparalleled. Each state has its language, and there are several dialects within each language. The constitution of India recognizes 22 official languages, reflecting the linguistic pluralism of the country.

The diversity in India is a testament to the country’s inherent capacity to absorb, integrate, and embrace differences. It is a living example of unity in diversity, where diverse cultural, religious, and linguistic elements coexist and enrich the social fabric. This diversity is not just the country’s identity but also its strength, fostering mutual respect, understanding, and harmony among its people.

500 Words Essay on Diversity in India

Introduction: the melting pot of cultures.

India, often referred to as the “land of diversity”, is a unique amalgamation of various cultures, religions, languages, and traditions. This diversity, deeply embedded in the country’s historical roots and societal fabric, is what makes India a vibrant and dynamic nation.

Cultural diversity is one of the most striking features of India. The country is home to numerous ethnic groups, each with its distinct customs, traditions, and languages. The coexistence of these diverse cultures under one political and geographical entity is a testament to India’s pluralistic society. From the folk dances of Punjab to the martial arts of Kerala, from the sand art of Odisha to the bamboo dance of Mizoram, each region contributes to the cultural mosaic of the country.

India is the birthplace of four major world religions: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. It also embraces other religions such as Islam, Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Baha’i, demonstrating the nation’s religious tolerance and acceptance. This religious diversity is reflected in the myriad of festivals celebrated throughout the year, such as Diwali, Eid, Christmas, and Paryushan, each marking a unique blend of customs, traditions, and rituals.

Linguistic diversity is another defining characteristic of India. With over 2,000 distinct languages spoken across the country, India stands as one of the most linguistically diverse nations globally. Each language, with its unique script and literature, adds to the rich tapestry of Indian culture.

Geographical Diversity

From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the serene backwaters of Kerala, from the deserts of Rajasthan to the dense forests of the Northeast, India’s geographical diversity is unparalleled. This geographical variance has given rise to diverse ecosystems and biodiversity, making India one of the 17 mega-diverse countries in the world.

Diversity in Indian Cuisine

Indian cuisine is a gastronomic reflection of the country’s diversity. Each region has its unique culinary tradition, influenced by local produce, culture, and history. The rich and spicy curries of Rajasthan, the seafood-centric cuisine of Bengal, the coconut-infused dishes of Kerala, and the simple yet flavorful food of Gujarat are just a few examples of India’s diverse culinary landscape.

Conclusion: Unity in Diversity

Despite the immense diversity, there exists a unique sense of unity among Indians, often encapsulated in the phrase “Unity in Diversity”. This unity is evident in the mutual respect and harmony with which people of different cultures, religions, and languages coexist in India. The diversity of India is not merely a demographic fact but a living, influential force that shapes the nation’s worldview and its approach to global relations. It is a testament to India’s resilience, adaptability, and inclusivity. The diversity of India thus stands as a beacon of pluralism and multiculturalism in an increasingly globalized world.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Status of Women in India
Essay on Indian Freedom Struggle
Essay on India Is Incredible Travel And Explore

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

DSpace JSPUI

Egyankosh preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets.

IGNOU Self Learning Material (SLM)
02. School of Social Sciences (SOSS)
Bachelor's Degree Programmes
Bachelor of Arts (BAG)
Semester-II
BSOC-132 Sociology of India
Block-1 India as a Plural Society

Causality Between Cultural Diversity and Economic Growth in India: Cross-State Study, 1990–1991 through 2017–2018

ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Published: 05 April 2023
Volume 60 , pages 388–401, ( 2023 )

Cite this article

Abdul Shaban ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-9394 1 &
Philippe Cadene ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2779-7438 2

3667 Accesses

1 Altmetric

Explore all metrics

Existing studies have examined only the unidirectional impact of cultural diversity on the economic performance of countries, regions, and cities, not the other ways. They have assumed the diversity as given, while it may also grow, due to in-migration of workers and entrepreneurs, with economic growth and may be dependent on it. This paper models diversity and economic growth in a bi-directional causal frame and demonstrates that economic growth has a substantial impact on religious, language, and overall cultural diversities in the major states of India. However, the Granger causality between economic growth to language diversity and overall cultural diversity is found to be stronger and more widespread across the states than the causality from economic growth to religious diversity. The findings of this paper may have significant theoretical and empirical implications, as mainly the unidirectional way the impact of cultural diversity on economic growth has been advocated and the empirical studies have been modelled to date.

Cultural diversity, social integration, and migrant entrepreneurship—evidence from the China migrants dynamic survey

Ping Zhang, Xin Wei & Guirong Mao

Does diversity matter for development? New evidence of ethnic diversity’s mediation between internal migration and economic growth across Indonesia’s regions

Aris Ananta, Evi Nurvidya Arifin, … Paul J. Carnegie

The regional impact of cultural diversity on wages: evidence from Australia

Amanuel Elias & Yin Paradies

Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.

Introduction

Mainstream theories and empirical studies on determinants of ‘economic’ growth have long neglected the impacts of cultural factors. Max Weber’s theory on the active role of ascetic Protestants in the development of capitalism (1904–1905| 1992 ) has largely been discussed among philosophers and sociologists from the beginning of the twentieth century, but economic and development studies have rarely taken his views into account (Ruttan, 1991 ). In general, economic literature has considered religion as an impediment to economic growth. Weber also pointed out the adverse relationship between religions of Asia and development ( 1951 ; 1958 ). He also highlighted the negative role of the caste system in India in its economic development. In fact, an entire intellectual tradition in the West embraces Auguste Comte’s thesis (Harrison, 2017 ) and analyses economic and social progress as a triumph of science against cultural traditions and religious immobility.

In the 1950s, exploring the determinants of economic growth and the differentiating factors between countries, Hoselitz ( 1952 ) argued that culture can be favourable to development only on the condition that it allows the dissemination of technical progress, innovation, social mobility as well as political environment and institutions conducive to change. In the following decade, Hirschman ( 1965 ) highlighted the importance of cultural barriers to development. At the same time, Myrdal ( 1968 ) also argued that culture blocked development in Asian countries. With a particular interest in India, he argued that the caste system is a handicap for its economic growth. However, Altekar ( 1929 ) considers that the caste system played an important role in the division of labour as such provided economic advantages. In this debate, the question of cultural divisions and the existence of significant cultural differentiation, even strong inequalities, between groups are considered to be key factors for growth. Entrepreneurial groups also emerge and benefit from specific cultures.

The link between culture and economy brings us also to the debate on the embeddedness of economic factors into social systems, which puts forward that the economy functions within the social system (Polanyi, 1944 ; Granovetter, 1985 ). In this regard, one of the important questions is how cultural homogeneity or diversity influences the capacity of a society to produce wealth. According to some scholars on club theory (Landa, 1981 ) and game theory (Aoki, 2010 ), cultural homogeneity would make exchanges more fluid and would limit transaction costs. Perceiving trust as a factor favourable to economic growth, others consider that cultural diversity introduces a feeling of mistrust between the economic agents and is detrimental to economic activities (La Porta et al., 1999 ). Studies also show that developed countries attract a significant number of migrants. This adds to their cultural heterogeneity. However, to date, studies on cultural diversity and economic growth have largely examined the unidirectional impact of cultural diversity on the economic performance of countries, regions, and cities, and have not considered the reverse causation or mutual causations.

The literature on cultural diversity and economic growth have largely been based on the experience of western countries, especially the USA. The immigration of skilled workers from different cultural contexts enhances the cultural diversity of the USA. These diverse groups from across the countries also bring their ways of thinking and working, and interaction among these groups in the liberal economic environment creates higher possibilities of innovation, economic growth, and mobility. In contrast to the western, especially American, cultural diversities, the cultural diversity of India is largely sui generis, internally born, and product of its regional and cultural geographies.

The following differences between Indian and the cultural diversity in the USA, which we consider as architype of western cultural diversity, for comparison with India, may be kept in mind. First, the USA cultural diversity is of recent origin and based on immigration of workers, while the Indian cultural diversities is organic in nature and grown from its soil itself. In recent centuries, there has not been any large-scale immigration in India. In 2018, 13.7% of the US population was foreign born that accounted for about 44.8 million persons (Budiman, 2020 ). In India, the foreign-born population was very minuscule, only 5.36 million, that is 0.44% of the total population in 2011 (Census of India 2011 ). Whereas the USA has immigrants from around the world, and since 2009 Asians (37% in 2018 of the total immigrants) have outnumbered Hispanics (31% of total immigrants in 2018), in India, foreign born population is mainly from South Asian stock or neighbouring countries (Census of India, 2011 ).

Second, custom, ascriptions, social norms, and values have largely determined the social and economic mobilities in India, except after the Independence in 1947 and adaptation of the Constitution in 1950 banning many ascriptive and discriminatory practices against different social groups and guaranteeing equality, liberty, and fraternity to all, while in the USA, equal opportunity through liberal democracy has paved way to the American dream based on meritocracy for a long time, though it is not to deny the fact that ethnicity and race do hinder the progress of Hispanic, Asian, and people from Africa (Hochschild, 1995 ; Vickerman, 1999 ). Third, the diversity may create high discontent as it gets associated with discriminations (Khare, 1998 ). Because of meritocracy, inequality along plane of diversity gets accepted in the western context such as the USA (Wiley and Deaux 2012 ). Meritocracy attracts the immigrants and enhances the diversity in the USA. However, in India, it is not so — foreigners do find that their status is often predetermined by custom, religion, caste, or racial origins. In India, the internal movement of population through migration has been main source of changes in cultural diversity at the state level.

Third, meritocracy leads individuals to act alone to improve their lots. However, when their success is blocked based on their belief, origin, caste, gender, etc., individuals often pursue collective actions to negotiate barriers with government and/or dominant groups (Ellemers, 1993 ; Verkuyten & Reijerse, 2008 ). As such, one finds negative association between meritocracy and assertion of ethnic identity and/or collective action (Wiley & Deaux 2012 ; Naylor 1997 ). The ethnic identity will be stronger among the low strata or groups, who feel being discriminated. In India, collective or group actions to improve their lots are quite common. India though represents a multicultural society where religious and linguistic groups cuts across many social traits and live together, equal opportunities in employment, politics, public offices remain a dream for many. The anti-discrimination and positive discrimination laws are very caste and tribe based and do not protect and empower religious and linguistic minorities in equal ways (Government of India, 2006 ).

Besides, there are many social values and attitudinal differences between western and Indian societies like those related to time (Indian are still more in social time rather than modern clock time), individuality (Indians are more inclined towards family values rather than individualism), religiosity (Indians are more religious than rational in their dispositions), and communication (Indian are less direct while westerners communicate more direct ways). In this paper, though we assume that diversity will have similar association with economic growth across societies, one also needs to keep in mind these subtler differences between the cultural diversity in western countries, like the USA, and India.

The contribution of this paper is three-fold. First, it extends the usual hypothesis of cultural diversity determining the economic performance to economic performance also constituting cultural diversity. It assumes that diversity and economic growth may be mutually evolving and causing. This hypothesis is based on the fact that economically growing regions often attract migrants from other regions, bringing different cultures. This adds to the diversity of regions and also helps in the economic growth, not only because of cheap labour, but also due to the introduction of newer ideas and specializations. The globalized cities all around the world (Taylor et al., 2011 ) seem to have evolved through this process of economic growth and diversity feeding each other and mutually constituting each other.

Second, with its enormous social diversity, India presents an excellent case study for research on such a theme. The Indian cultural diversity has evolved through centuries due to its varied geographies, and in-migration and settling down of different communities within the Indian space in ancient and medieval ages. Historically, the cultural give-and-takes between the communities led to the evolution of new cultural strands and communities (Subbarao, 1956 ). However, in recent decades, it is also experiencing a change because of internal migration (Bhagat, 2010 ). Today, the country has many official languages, each of them having ancient literature, their own cinema, television, and most recently their digital media. India also has followers of many beliefs. About 80% of the population follows Hinduism, but it is a polytheistic religion whose rites and expressions are extremely diverse. The rest of the population are followers of Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, Jainism, Zoroastrianism, and Judaism. There are also followers of various forms of animism in many parts of the country.

Third, this paper uses the bootstrap panel Granger causality method developed by Kónya ( 2006 ) to measure the direction of causality between cultural diversity and economic growth among the major states of India from 1990–1991 to 2018–2019. This method overcomes the cross-sectional dependence across the spatial units. The cross-sectional dependence is difficult to overcome in panel data and often becomes a source of inconsistent and biased results (Baia & Kaob, 2006 ).

The findings of this paper of economic development–led growth of cultural diversity demonstrate that India is undergoing aspiration-led disruption in the usual residence of the people and they are moving to the states with higher economic growth and development. This accumulation of diversity in economically growing regions may later further accelerate economic growth, as we find in the case of cities, where diversity leads to economic development (Ottaviano & Peri, 2006 ; Stone 2021 ). For India, therefore, it can be important to allow the full play of the market forces to rearrange the diversity through the internal migration process for prospects of higher economic growth.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows. After a review of the existing literature on the relationship between economic growth and cultural diversity, the next section discusses the diversity in India in spatial context. Thereafter, we discuss data and statistical methods employed in this study. Next, the levels of language, religious diversity, and overall cultural diversity, as well as of economic development among Indian states, are examined. The findings are presented next, while the last section concludes the paper.

Cultural Diversity and Economic Growth: a Review of Literature

The common understanding rooted in the Aristotelian framework has been that cultural diversity leads to social conflict (Lian & Oneal, 1997 ). It assumes that cultural diversity is associated with political instability which in turn retards economic growth and development. However, it is also argued that diversity will lead to flexibility, learning, adaptation, development of specialization, innovation, and socio-economic sustainability, which can also positively impact ecological sustainability.

The first specific studies on this topic were conducted in the 1960s. Adelman and Morris ( 1967 ) using data on language, religion, and ethnicity for 74 less developed countries from 1957 through 1962 found that culturally homogenous countries had higher economic growth rates. Marie Haug ( 1967 ) examining data of 114 countries found that diversity (language, religion, and race) had a negative correlation with Gross National Product (GNP) and political stability. Similarly, Lijphart ( 1977 ) considers that it can be difficult to achieve and maintain stable democratic governments in countries with deep religious, ideological, linguistic, cultural, or ethnic cleavages, and this may undermine economic growth and development. Reynolds ( 1985 ) in his study of 37 less developed countries from 1950 to 1987 also found that diversity leads to lower economic growth rates. Then, Easterly and Levine ( 1997 ) attribute 28% of the income growth differential between African countries and East Asia to the higher ethnic diversity of African countries.

Alesina et al. ( 2003 ) argue that ethnic diversity and conflict cost Uganda 2 percentage points of economic growth rate in comparison to more culturally homogenous South Korea. Montalvo and Reynal-Querol ( 2005 ) support that political instability and cultural conflict may undermine economic institutions and policies and may result in corruption and poor economic performance (see also Treisman, 2000 ; Glaeser & Saks, 2006 ). In the 2010s, Dincer and Wang ( 2011 ) using provincial-level data of China from 1982 to 2007 found a negative relationship between ethnic diversity and economic growth, and Hashmi et al. ( 2017 ) using least square estimates and data of 144 developing countries show more diverse countries are more prone to poverty.

However, from the beginning of the 2000s, globalization appears as a period of development at the world level accompanied by an increase in migrations and cultural diversity. China multiplied its GDP by 10 in two decades, India by 6, to evoke only two countries having the largest population in the world. This situation caused an explosion of inequalities (Piketty, 2013 ), but has also led to the rise of a large middle class in many countries (Kharas, 2010 ). This global economic development introduces a new organization of production and a new industrial relationship to the world in which emerging countries play a very important role. Capitalism has changed in this process, presenting different paths of development. While a new field opens for studies in comparative economics (Hall & Soskice, 2001 ), interesting academic publications focus on the construction of new diversities in a globalized world (Abeles, 2008 ). Research on global cities emphasizes the role of migrants and diaspora and the impact of media in the building of multicultural societies (Appadurai, 2013 ).

This new situation requires further exploration of the relationship between cultural diversity and economic growth. The idea of a positive link between the two is not new. In his work on the history of cities, Paul Bairoch ( 1988 ) called the cultural diversity of urban areas as an ‘engine’ of economic growth. People of various cultural origins, with various ways of producing things and with varieties of preferences of goods and services of consumption, help in diversifying the economy. In other words, the agglomerations of diverse cultures also lead to the agglomerations of diverse factors of production. Cultural diversity helps in innovation and entrepreneurship as various cultural groups with different orientations can do the same work in different ways. Introducing her thesis on the emergence of global cities, Saskia Sassen ( 1994 ) also defends the idea that the success of such places is linked to their cultural diversities. Then, Fujita et al. ( 1999 ), with their conception of ‘love of variety’, argue that diversity in the production of goods and services is key in the spatial development and enhancing the productivity of people. Further, Lazear ( 1999 ) shows that cultural diversity may raise productivity in the presence of complementarity of skills. Hong and Page ( 2001 ) argue that problem-solving ability is higher in heterogeneous groups than in homogenous ones. Glaeser et al. ( 2001 ) and Quigley ( 1998 ) state that the cultural diversity of cities also contributes to the diversity of goods and services in cities (Jacobs, 1969 ). However, the diversity of culture becomes more useful when it is accompanied by human capital or talent helpful in the production process and creation of a tolerant-syncretic and multicultural society (Shaban and Khan, 2022 ). The role of cultural diversity in cities came to increased emphasis with Florida’s recognition of the linkage between cultural diversity, creativity, and creative class. For him, creativity and creative class are ‘engines’ to economic growth and development of cities (Florida, 2002a ; 2002b ). Collier ( 2000 ) made a distinction of cultural diversity with modern political and economic institutions to that of the past and argued that in democracies and under capitalism, the culturally diverse societies perform economically better than homogeneous ones. Bove and Elia ( 2017 ) using data from 1960 to 2010 of migrants’ stock of 135 countries find that cultural heterogeneity positively impacts the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and the impact is higher in the case of developing countries. They conclude that “immigration-fuelled diversity is generally good for economic growth” (p. 236). Ottaviano and Peri ( 2006 ) using data from 160 US cities from 1970 to 1990 and the index of fractionalization as a measure of diversity find that cultural diversity has a “net positive impact on the productivity of US born citizens” (p. 11). In one of the recent studies, Chris Clarke using data from the UK’s 285 councils outside of big cities between 2011 and 2019 found that “migration and ethnic diversity are inextricably linked to economic growth in … towns and regions” (Stones, 2021 ). He also found strong linkages between “rising prosperity and rising diversity” (Stones, 2021 ), indicating the bi-directional causality between cultural diversity and economic growth.

In India, there are only a few studies that have examined the linkage of diversity with economic growth. These studies have largely been in community (caste relations and development in villages) or enterprise contexts. Iversen et al. ( 2014 ) report mixed findings on social diversity and development in Indian villages. They find that upper-caste Hindus and Other Backward Classes (middle castes) perform better in their own villages, but Muslims and Scheduled Tribes benefit more when they live with diverse communities. The Scheduled Castes also perform better in their own villages, but upper-caste dominance compromises their development in caste-diverse villages. In a case study of two villages in rural India, Anderson ( 2011 ) also found that lower caste performs better in their own villages in the absence of dominance of upper castes. Anderson’s case study shows that for the lower castes, it was difficult to buy water (or trade) from upper castes for irrigation compromising about 45% of their crop yields. However, Kaul ( 2015 ) argues that India’s diversity has huge potential for innovation and economic growth.

Many studies in India also find positive perceptions of employees about the impact of a culturally diverse workforce on firm productivity and growth. Kundu ( 2003 ) argues that sustainable competitive advantage firms must hire and retain culturally diverse employees. Vijayalakshmi et al. ( 2006 ) highlight the problem of discrimination in Indian business organizations based on their caste, religion, language, gender, etc. Jauhari and Singh ( 2013 ) with a study of 229 employees found that a culturally diverse workforce in Indian IT industry is responsible for the increased performance of the industry. Similarly, Singh ( 2016 ) finds positive relations between business performance and diversity of the workforce in Indian IT Inc. like Oracle, IBM, TCS, and Infosys. Kundu et al. ( 2019 ) using a sample of 619 employees from Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd (BSNL) find positive perceptions of employees between diversity and productivity.

On the contrary, Saxena ( 2014 ) cautions that an unmanaged diverse workforce can be detrimental to the performance of organizations as it may lead to problems of ineffective communication, attitude clashes, or difference in perceptions. It is not surprising then that several studies in India have been carried out to understand the management of workforce diversity and its relation to organizational performance (Cooke and Saini, 2010 , 2012 ). Similar to the organizational level, at the country level as well, India needs to manage its diversity for improving its economic performance; the mismanaged diversity may create conflict and end up becoming a liability rather than an asset.

Given this, the contribution of this paper is not only to understand and add to the empirical literature on cultural diversity and economic growth in India but also to demonstrate that diversity can be both the outcome of economic growth (due to in-migration) and a cause of economic growth. The relationship may be determined by the institutional framework in which the cultural diversity works as pointed out by Collier ( 2000 ).

Cultural Diversity in India in Spatial Contexts

Studying India is specifically interesting as this country presents an enormous socio-cultural diversity. The complex geography of Indian languages reflects a history going back to several thousand years. The Dravidian languages spoken in the southern part of the peninsula, namely Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, and Tamil, are believed to have come down from the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation. In the north, the most widely spoken language is Hindi derived from Sanskrit. There are several other languages close to Hindi belonging to the Indo-European family: Kashmiri, Punjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, Bengali, Nepali, and Assamese. In the mountainous regions of the north and north-east, Tibeto-Burmese languages belonging to the Sino-Tibetan family are widely spoken. Finally, in isolated pockets in Central and North-East India, tribes are belonging to the Munda and Mon-Khmer sub-groups who speak the languages of the Austro-Asian family. It is not uncommon to find people who speak at home the dialect of a distant region that the family left long ago, watch television programmes in English, use the official language of their state in their place of work, and use in the street and at the marketplace the local vernacular of the state or territory.

At the time of Independence, Hindi was chosen as the official language by North Indian elites who were in power in Delhi while the representatives of the Dravidian South insisted on the continuance of English. It was agreed that English would remain the official language for a transitory period. However, numerous demands for the recognition of regional identities led to the acceptance of regional linguistic differences. While Hindi and English are used by the central government, 22 official languages have been recognized over the years by the Indian Constitution. Every state ensures that one or more languages are constitutionally recognized as official languages. A total of 19,569 dialects as counted by linguistic experts are spoken in India (Census of India, 2011 ). The official languages are the ones spoken by the majority in most of the states, especially in the larger states where they are spoken by more than 80% of the population, like Hindi in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarati in Gujarat, Telugu in Andhra Pradesh, or Tamil in Tamil Nadu. However, in some states, the official language is spoken only by a minority of the population. In other states, the declaration of the regional language as the official language has strengthened an already strong linguistic identity and encouraged regional cultural creativity in areas as diverse as literature, vocal music, theatre, and cinema.

In this complex linguistic context, between 1991 and 2011, in 8 out of the 16 states selected for the study, the share of major languages has declined (especially in relatively economically developed states). Such states are Maharashtra (the share of Marathi speakers in the total population of the state declined from 73.34% in 1991 to 68.93%), Gujarat (the Gujarat speakers declined from 91.49 to 85.97%), Haryana (Hindi speakers declined from 91.00 to 88.05%), and Punjab (Punjabi speakers declined from 92.22 to 89.82%) due to adaptation of other languages by natives and also because of interstate migrations. The decline of the number of speakers of major mother tongues between 1991 and 2011 is also seen in Rajasthan and Orissa. Also, in all the major states selected for this study, the number of mother tongues with more than 10,000 speakers has increased. For instance, in Gujarat, the number of mother tongues with more than 10,000 speakers has increased from 43 in 1991 to 91 in 2011, in Uttar Pradesh from 68 to 101, in Delhi 77 to 106, and in Kerala 43 to 79 during the same period (Appendix Table 4 ).

The religious diversity of India is the second parameter of its great cultural diversity. Hinduism is the dominant religion. Its followers constitute 79.8% of the total population of the country (Census of India, 2011 ). But it is a polytheistic religion, which easily adapts itself to syncretism and coexists with several other minority religions. The first of these minority religions is Islam, mainly Sunni, having more than 140 million followers (14.2% of the Indian population), which makes India the world’s third-largest Muslim country. It is followed by Christianity (follower 2.3% of the Indian population), Sikhism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Jainism (0.4%), and others (0.9%). There are also other religions practiced by even smaller minorities, particularly animistic cults followed by tribals living on the fringes of Hinduism and Indian society.

The share of Hindus in different states varies. They are for example only 54.7% in Kerala and 38.5% in Punjab (Census of India 2011 ); Muslims are in a majority in Kashmir and some districts of the north-east India. They are present in large numbers in some areas, especially in the Indo-Gangetic plain, in Assam to the east of Bangladesh and also in Gujarat in areas close to the border with Pakistan, as well as in Kerala, where there is also a sizeable Christian minority dating back to the establishment of the Syrian church by the apostle Thomas. The Christians, about two-thirds of them Catholics, are present in large numbers in the north-eastern states where the tribal populations were converted by missionaries during the colonial era. Sikhism is concentrated in Punjab with its principal shrine, the Golden Temple, at Amritsar. This syncretic faith combining the principles of Hinduism and Islam was founded at the end of the fifteenth century. Buddhism is practiced mainly in the Himalayan region bordering China. Situated to the south of Bihar and to the west of Kolkata, Jharkhand has a large tribal population practicing animistic religions or converted to Christianity. Jainism, a religion close to Hinduism, was founded in the sixth century BCE. Zoroastrianism is the religion of the Parsis that prevailed in pre-Islamic Iran. The followers of both the latter religions constitute small minorities, even though they play an important role in the economy of some of the states and cities. The Jains play especially an important role in economic activities in Gujarat and Rajasthan while the Parsis in case of cities like Mumbai.

Both linguistic and religious diversities are protected by the Indian Constitution adopted after the Independence in 1947. The Constitution is a diversity guaranteeing documents and successive governments of India have attempted to respect the same. In fact, the pillars of the Constitution are Justice (social, economic, and political), Liberty (of thought, expression, belief, faith, and worship), and Equality (of status and opportunity). Article 350A of the Constitution specially directs the Government to promote and provide education to children in mother tongues at the primary stage while Article 350B guarantees protections and promotion of languages of linguistic minorities (Government of India, 2019 ). The Constitution, in fact, attempts to bind Indians with the ‘idea of unity in diversity’. Part III of the Constitution on Fundamental Rights especially acknowledges the ethnic, religious, and language diversities of the country, and provides guarantees to preserve and sustain the same.

In recent decades, the Indian states are undergoing interesting transformations in terms of religious diversity. The religious diversity scores are showing increasing trends (Appendix Table 5 ). Except in Goa, the religious diversity has increased in all the selected states and at the all-India level, but mother tongue or language diversity has declined in 9 out of the 16 states and at the all-India level (see the average exponential growth rate) between 1990–1991 and 2017–2018. This shows that domination of major languages is increasing in those states, mainly in relatively underdeveloped states, while the opposite process is underway in the case of major religions. However, the cultural diversity score (average of the language and religion scores) shows a rising trend during the period, except in 3 states (Appendix Table 6 ).

During the same period (1990–1991 to 2017–2018), India has experienced a surge in economic growth. During the period, the average exponential growth rate of real per capita income (Net National Income) at all-India level has been 5.16%, while it was barely 3.5% before the liberalization (Shaban, 2006 ; Dholakia, 2009 ). Out of the 16 states selected for this study, eight have experienced a higher growth rate than the national average and all these states have also experienced an increase in cultural diversity.

Material and Method

The two major axes through which Indian culture can be represented are language and religion. The languages reflect the regional cultural groups while religions represent the broader segmentations of Indian population based on faiths having their own specific ways of life within the linguistic groups. Castes are integral part of the religious groups, mainly manifesting itself in Hinduism, and are hierarchical in nature. Castes exclude groups based on their birth (create pure and polluted ascriptive labels) and occupations. Castes do not allow the occupational competition within the religion as each caste are supposed to pursue their ascribed occupations, but caste groups between religions do compete. Further, the caste data from Census of India for recent years are not available. The last population census in India which counted castes was held in 1931. Therefore, we have not included caste while computing cultural diversity index in this paper.

This paper uses data from 1990–1991 to 2017–2018 on share of the population speaking different languages (mother tongues with more than 10,000 speakers) and following various religions in 16 major Indian states, which together accounted for 90.0% of the total population of India in 1991 and 85.8% in 2018 (Census of India, 1991 ; 2001 ; 2011 ; National Commission on Population, 2020 ). The data on per capita state domestic product (PCI) at 2011–2012 prices have been obtained from Reserve Bank of India ( 2019 ).

We have used method suggested by Juan Molinar ( 1991 ) to construct the score of linguistic and religious diversity as it “better reflects the distance between the two largest groups without overstating the influence of the largest” (Lian & Oneal, 1997 : 65). We have computed the average of linguistic and religious diversity scores and called it as overall ‘cultural’ diversity score of the states. The Molinar method gives a score that is higher when the diversity within a state is higher, and zero when there is only one cultural group.

We have used augmented bootstrap panel Granger causality (Granger, 2003 ; Breitung, 2005 ) method (see the Appendix of this paper) suggested by Kónya ( 2006 ) as this method has several advantages over other panel Granger causality test methods (see Kar et al. 2011 ; Pesaran, 2006 ; Zellner, 1962 ; Hurlin 2008 ; Pesaran et al., 1999 ).

Results of Causality Between Cultural Diversity and Per Capita Income

Our panel data shows presence of CSD (Table 1 ), and thus appropriateness of use of Konya’s ( 2006 ) method of augmented bootstrap Granger causality. The results presented in Tables 2 and 3 can be summarised and interpreted as follows. First, largely, there is an absence of Granger causality from religious diversity, language diversity, and overall cultural diversity to economic growth, but a large number of states show reverse causality, i.e., unidirectional Granger causality from economic growth to the variables of cultural diversities mentioned above. The reverser unidirectional Grange causality from per capital income to religious diversity is present in four states (out of 5 showing significant Granger causality); from per capita income to language diversity in 10 states (out of 12 states showing the significant Granger causality); and per capita income to overall cultural diversity again in 10 states (out of 11 states showing the significant Granger causality). Second, the results as such show that these are not religious and language diversities that are Granger causing economic growth, but the economic growth is Granger causing/increasing the diversities among Indian states. This implies that diversities can also be caused by economic growth, and this may be happening mainly because of inter-state migration and language adaptation. The migration of the population has implications for composition of religious and linguistic diversities in both the source and destinations states, as the shares of population of different religious and linguistic groups in both groups of the states change.

The inter-state migration has acquired its significance in India with rising options for better transport. In 1991, about 27.3 million persons migrated (counted as per the place of birth) from one state to another, and another 6.9 million were international immigrants in India (Census of India, 1991 ). But in 2001, 42.34 million people moved from one state to another state and another about 6.2 million were international immigrants (Census of India, 2001 ). The number of inter-state migrants in India rose to 56.3 million in 2011, but the number of international immigrants declined to 5.4 million (Census of Indian, 2011). In the absence data from Census 2021 as it is yet to be conducted, it is estimated that inter-state migrants in 2021 may be around 100 million and international immigrants approximately 7 million. It is also estimated that two-thirds of such migrants move because of work (Rajan and Bhagat 2022 ). This migration or mobility churning is reshaping and changing the cultural diversities of states. The dominant presence of unidirectional causality from economic growth to cultural diversity shows that people are largely following economic growth and moving to the states where they find better possibilities of personal economic prospects.

The cultural diversities, especially language diversity, among Indian states are also changing because in-migrant not only bringing their own languages, but these migrants also adopt the language of the source regions. This is why we find that where the number of mother tongues spoken have increased, the share of major languages spoken have also increased during the period in all the states (Appendix Table 4 ). Besides, there is another important process underway that is of acquiring proficiencies of languages of market, i.e., English language and Hindi. The middle class of India associates English language with the potential of employability or finding better paid jobs and even emigration to developed countries for education and work and/or permanent residence. This has led even lower middle classes to educate their children in English medium schools. This has generated significant demand for English medium schools across the country. As such, the younger generations are becoming multi-lingual — where they know their mother tongues, speak regional languages, and/or acquire knowledge of Hindi (which is a lingua franca in large part of northern, eastern, central, and western India) and English. Thus, multi-lingualism in almost all states is increasing. English is not spoken as mother tongue by any significant number of persons in India, but it is used as a second or third language. In 2011, only 0.26 million claimed English as their mother tongues, but 86 million and 46 million respectively claimed it as their second and third language, respectively. This made English as the second most widely spoken language after Hindi, which was spoken by 528 million persons as their primary language, 139 million as their second language, and about 24 million as their third language (Census of India 2011 ). As English is acquired after rise in the income, and so is acquisition of Hindi in non-Hindi belt (South and Eastern India) by middle and lower classes of families, it helps in raising cultural diversities of states, especially language diversity, with rise in income.

The result underscores our assumption of (a) presence of reverse causality from economic growth to cultural diversity which the empirical literature in this area have largely neglected, and as such we argue that (b) the theoretical problematization of causality between the cultural diversity and economic growth needs to be bi-directional rather than unidirectional.

Conclusions

The role of cultural diversity in economic growth has been contentious. The theoretical literature argues both its negative and positive impacts on economic growth. Both the theoretical and empirical studies assume cultural diversity as the independent variable. Furthermore, they do not consider cultural diversity and economic growth causing each other and evolving together, or cultural diversity also as a function of economic growth. The present study attempts to fill this gap by modelling the relationship between cultural diversity and economic growth as bi-directional. To test the relationship, the paper uses data from 16 major Indian states of India from 1990–1991 to 2017–2018 on religious diversity, language diversity, overall cultural diversity, and real per capita income, and bootstrap panel Granger causality method. The study finds (a) there is a substantial presence of cross-sectional dependence among the panel member and therefore bootstrap panel Granger causality method is a more efficient method for the estimation of the causality; (b) the Granger causality is largely unidirectional among the Indian states — from economic growth to language diversity, religious diversity, and cultural diversity; and (c) the Granger causality from economic growth to language diversity and cultural diversity is stronger and widespread among the Indian states in comparison to Granger causality from economic growth to religious diversity. This shows that the Indian states are undergoing cultural churning process mainly from interstate migration (as there is an absence of any large-scale international immigration) from low per capita income states to high per capita income states. This is changing the cultural makeup of Indian states. The empirical results underscore that the relationship between cultural diversity and economic growth should be modelled in a bi-directional framework rather than only from cultural diversity to economic growth, which the empirical, as well as the theoretical literature, have largely used to date.

The finding of economic development–led cultural diversity of this paper shows that increasing capitalist development in India is leading to aspiration-led disruption in the usual residence of the people and they are moving to the state with higher economic growth and development, and also adopting the market languages. The consequent rising cultural diversity in economically growing regions or factor endowed states may further accelerate the economic development in these states, as we find in the case of cities, where diversity leads to economic development (Ottaviano and Peri, 2006 ; Stone 2021 ). Policy-wise, it is, therefore, important for India to allow the full play of the market forces to rearrange the diversity through the internal migration and adaptation process for higher regional economic growth in future.

The current leading parties in India today argue for economic liberalization and development of entrepreneurship (Government of India, 2021 ), but simultaneously promote the religio-cultural nationalism leading to open and coercive violence which inhibits the diversity, languages, occupations, choices of food, practices, and expression of other religious and culturally diverse groups.

The declining economic growth in India from 2017 onwards (for the decline in economic growth, see Mourdoukoutas, 2020 ; Kishore, 2017 ) may be linked to this cultural repression and anxiety among the economic agents. During the COVID-19 period (Kakvi, 2019 ; Dara, 2019 ; Babu, 2020 ; Surya 2020 , The Hindu 2020 ), many states brought legislations that restrict the employment opportunities only to the locals, limiting opportunities for the migrants. Local governments in some culturally diverse megacities of India are becoming little accommodative to minority languages and religions. In Bangalore, Municipal Corporation rejected a multi-lingual call centre while the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai provides autorickshaw permits only to Marathi knowing applicants (Halarnkar, 2016 ). This situation recalls the case of the Middle East studied by Jared Rubin ( 2014 ) who argues that it was not the religion itself responsible for the economic decline of Middle East but the legitimacy of religious politics.

The causality between cultural diversity and economic growth needs to be further studied in other countries and contexts as well. The findings may have their own policy and regional development relevance, besides contributing to the economic theory.

Data Availability

My manuscript has data included as electronic supplementary material .

Abeles, M. 2008. Rethinking NGOs: The Economy of Survival and Global Governance. Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies, 15 (1), 241–258.

Adelman, I., & Morris, C.T. 1967. Society, Politics, and Economic Development . Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Alesina, A., Devleeschauwer, A., Easterly, W., Kurlat, S., & Wacziarg, R. 2003. Fractionalization. Journal of Economic Growth, 8 , 155–194.

Altekar, M.D. 1929. Caste System and Its Relation to Social and Economic Life. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 145 (2), 183–187.

Anderson, S. 2011. Caste as an Impediment to Trade. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3 (1), 239–263.

Aoki, M. 2010 “Individual” Social Capital, “Social” Networks, and Their Linkages to Economic Game. In: Lin, J.Y., & Pleskovic, B. (eds.), Lessons from East Asia and the Global Financial Crisis (pp.157–173). Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics - Global 2010. The World Bank.

Appadurai, A. 2013. The Future as Cultural Fact: Essays on the Global Condition . Verso.

Babu, V. 2020. Karnataka approves new industrial policy to reserve 70% jobs for locals. The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/karnataka-approves-new-industrial-policy-to-reserve-70-jobs-for-locals/story-RK64i0lGyXaOqPYSbzHfCP.html . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Baia, J., & Kaob, C. 2006. On the Estimation and Inference of a Panel Cointegration Model with Cross-Sectional Dependence. In: Baltagi B.H. (ed) Panel Data Econometrics Theoretical Contributions and Empirical Applications (Contributions to Economic Analysis Vol 274) (pp. 3–30). Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

Bairoch, P. 1988. Cities and Economic Development: from the Dawn of History to the Present. Oxford University Press

Bhagat, R.B. 2010. Internal Migration in India: Are the Underprivileged Migrating More? Asia-Pacific Population Journal, 25 (1), 31–49.

Bove, V., & Elia, L. 2017. Migration, Diversity, and Economic Growth. World Development, 89 , 227–239.

Breitung, J. 2005. A parametric approach to the estimation of cointegration vectors in panel data. Econometric Reviews, 24 (2), 151–173.

Breusch, T., & Pagan, A. 1980. The Lagrange multiplier test and its application to model specifications in econometrics. Reviews of Economics Studies, 47 (146), 239–253.

Budiman, A. 2020. Key findings about U.S. immigrants. Pew Research Centre. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/08/20/key-findings-about-u-s-immigrants/ . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Census of India 1991. Primary Census Abstract. https://censusindia.gov.in/DigitalLibrary/TablesSeries2001.aspx . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Census of India 2001 Primary Census Abstract. https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Census of India 2011. Census Tables. https://censusindia.gov.in/census.website/data/census-tables . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Collier, P. 2000. Implications of ethnic diversity. Economic Policy: A European Forum, 16 , 127–155.

Cooke, F.L., & Saini, D.S. 2012. Managing diversity in Chinese and Indian organizations: A qualitative study . Journal of Chinese Human Resource Management, 3 (1) , 16–32.

Cooke, F.L., & Saini, D.S. 2010. Diversity management in India: A study of organizations in different ownership forms and industrial sectors. Human Resource Management, 49 (3), 477–500.

Dara, G. 2019. First in India: Andhra Pradesh reserves 75% of private jobs. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/70338174.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Dholakia. R. 2009. Regional Sources of Growth Acceleration in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 44 (47), 67–74.

Dincer, O.C., & Wang, F. 2011 Ethnic diversity and economic growth in China. Journal of Economic Policy Reform, 14 (1), 1–10.

Easterly, W., & Levine, R. 1997. Africa’s growth tragedy: policies and ethnic divisions. Quarterly Journal of Economics , 112 (4), 1203–1250.

Ellemers, N. 1993. The influence of socio-structural variables on identity enhancement strategies. European Review of Social Psychology , 4 , 27– 57.

Florida, R. 2002a. Bohemia and economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography, 2 (1), 55–71.

Florida, R. 2002b. The Rise of the Creative Class . Basic Books.

Fujita, M., Krugman, P., & Venables, A. 1999. The Spatial Economy: Cities, regions and international trade . MIT Press.

Glaeser, E., & Saks, R. 2006. Corruption in America. Journal of Public Economics , 90 (6-7), 1053–1072.

Glaeser, E., Kolko, J., & Saiz, A. 2001. Consumer city. Journal of Economic Geography, 1 (1), 27–50.

Government of India. 2006. Social, Economic and Educational Status of the Muslim Community of India (Sachar Committee Report). New Delhi: Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India.

Government of India. 2019. The Constitution of India [as on 1 April 2019], Legislative Department, Ministry of Law and Justice, New Delhi.

Government of India. 2021. Economic Survey 2020–21. Ministry of Finance, New Delhi. https://www.indiabudget.gov.in/economicsurvey/ . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Granger, C.W.J. 2003. Some aspects of causal relationships. Journal of Econometrics , 112 (1), 69–71.

Granovetter, M. 1985. Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology, 91 (3), 481–510.

Halarnkar, S. 2016. As Indian cities grow more diverse, public services shun inclusiveness. The Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/columns/as-indian-cities-grow-more-diverse-public-services-shun-inclusiveness/story-ZEcAdlT6s1uRMRvao802dM.html . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Hall, P.A., & Soskice, D. 2001. Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage . Oxford University Press.

Harrison, P. 2017. Science and Secularization. Intellectual History Review, 27 (1), 47–70.

Hashmi, M.S., Changsheng, X., & Khan, M.M. 2017. Cultural Diversity, Economic Growth and Poverty Relationship: Does Poverty Level Matters for the Explanation? Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 25 (1), 151–156.

Haug, M.R. 1967. Social and Cultural Pluralism as a Concept in Social System Analysis. American Journal of Sociology, 73 (3), 294–304.

Hirschman, A.O. 1965. Obstacles to Development: A Classification and a Quasi-Vanishing Act. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 13 (4), 385–393.

Hong, L., & Page, S.E. 2001. Problem Solving by Heterogeneous Agents . Journal of Economic Theory , 97 (1), 123–163.

Hochschild, J. L. 1995. Facing up to the American dream . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Hoselitz, B.F. 1952. Non-economic Barriers to Economic Development. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 1 (1), 8–21.

Hurlin, C. 2008. Testing for Granger Non Causality in Heterogeneous Panels , Mimeo. Department of Economics, University of Orleans.

Iversen, V., Kalwij, A., Verschoor, A., & Dubey, A. 2014. Caste Dominance and Economic Performance in Rural India. Economic Development and Cultural Change , 62 (3), 423–457.

Jacobs, J. 1969. The Economy of Cities . Random House.

Jauhari, H., & Singh, S. 2013. Perceived diversity climate and employees’ organizational loyalty. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32 , 262–276.

Kakvi, K. 2019. MP: Govt Brings in 70% Quota for Locals in Industries, Restricts Labour Strikes. NewsClick. https://www.newsclick.in/MP-Govt-70per-quota-locals-industries-restricts-labour-strikes . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Kar, M., Nazlıoğlu, S., & Agir., H. 2011. Financial development and economic growth nexus in the MENA countries: Bootstrap panel granger causality analysis. Economic Modelling, 28 , 685–693.

Kaul, V. 2015. India’s Diversity: From Conflict To Innovation. World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues, 19 (4), 10–43.

Khare, R.S. 1998. Cultural Diversity and Social Discontent: Anthropological Studies on Contemporary India . New Delhi: Sage Publications.

Kharas, H. 2010. The Emerging Middle Class in Developing Countries. OECD Development Centre, Working Paper No. 285, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.

Kishore, R. 2017. Can Hindutva politics deliver economic growth? Mint. https://www.livemint.com/Politics/cRd23gXWGOdyH5nKBE5BPN/Can-Hindutva-politics-deliver-economic-growth.html . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Kónya, L. 2006. Exports and growth: Granger causality analysis on OECD Countries with a panel data approach. Economic Modelling, 23 , 978–992.

Kundu, S., Bansal, J., & Pruthi, M. 2019. Perceived Workforce diversity and firm Performance: a study of an indian Public sector organization. Journal of Strategic Human Resource Management, 8 (1), 47-60.

Kundu, S.C. 2003. Workforce diversity status: A study of employees’ reactions. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 103 , 215–226.

La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R.W. 1999. The Quality of Government. Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization, 15 (1), 222–279.

Landa, J.T. 1981. A theory of the ethnically homogenous middleman group: an institutional alternative to contract law. Journal of Legal Studies, 10 , 349–362.

Lazear, E. 1999. Culture and Language. Journal of Political Economy, 107 (S6), S95–S126.

Lian, B., & Oneal, J.R. 1997. Cultural Diversity and Economic Development: A Cross‐National Study of 98 Countries, 1960–1985. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 46 (1), 61–77.

Lijphart, A. 1977. Democracies in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration . Yale University Press.

Molinar, J. 1991. Counting the Number of Parties: An Alternative Index. American Political Science Review, 85 (4), 1383–1391.

Montalvo, J.G., & Reynal-Querol, M. 2005. Ethnic diversity and economic development. Journal of Development Economics , 76 (2), 293–323.

Mourdoukoutas, P. 2020. India: What’s Going On With Modi’s Economy? Forbes, Feb 7. https://www.forbes.com/sites/panosmourdoukoutas/2020/01/06/india-whats-going-on-with-modis-economy/?sh=30aa1ff76d8f . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Myrdal, G. 1968. Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations . Pantheon.

National Commission on Population. (2020). Population Projections for India and States, 2011–2036. Report of the Technical Group on Population Projections, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi.

Naylor, L.L. (ed). 1997. Cultural Diversity in the United States . London: Bergin & Garvey.

Ottaviano, G., & Peri, G. 2006. The economic value of cultural diversity: Evidence from US cities. Journal of Economic Geography, 6 (1), 9–44.

Pesaran, M.H. 2006. Estimation and inference in large heterogeneous panel with a multifactor error structure. Econometrica, 74 (4), 967–1012.

Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J. 1999. Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels . Journal of the American Statistical Association, 94 (446), 621–634.

Piketty, T. 2013. Capital in the Twenty-First Century . Belknap Press.

Polanyi, K. 1944. The Great Transformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time . Beacon Press.

Quigley, J. 1998. Urban diversity and economic growth. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12 (2), 127–138.

Rajan, I., & Bhagat, R.B. 2022. Internal Migration and the Covid-19 Pandemic in India. In Triandafyllidou, A. (ed.), Migration and Pandemics: Spaces of Solidarity and Spaces of Exception (pp. 227–248). Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81210-2_12.

Reserve Bank of India 2019. Handbook of Statistics on Indian Economy . https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/AnnualPublications.aspx?head=Handbook%20of%20Statistics%20on%20Indian%20Economy . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Reynolds, L.G. 1985. Economic Growth in the Third World, 1850–1980. Yale University Press.

Rubin, J. 2014. Rulers, Religion, and Riches: Why the West Got Rich and the Middle East Did Not . Cambridge University Press.

Ruttan, V.W. 1991. What Happened to Political Development? Economic Development and Cultural Change , 39 (2), 265–292.

Sassen, S. 1994. Cities in a World Economy . Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

Saxena, A. 2014. Workforce Diversity: A Key to Improve Productivity. Procedia Economics and Finance, 11 , 76–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(14)00178-6 .

Article Google Scholar

Shaban, A. 2006. Regional Structures, Growth and Convergence of Income in Maharashtra. Economic and Political Weekly, 41 (18), 1803–1815.

Shaban, A., & Khan. S. 2022. Cultural diversity, human capital, and regional economic growth in India. Regional Science Policy Practice , 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12528.

Singh, S. 2016. Managing Diversity for Improving Productivity in IT Industry in India. PhD Thesis, Faculty of Commerce & Management Studies, University of Kota, Kota, India.

Stone, J. 2021. UK towns with more immigrants do much better economically, study finds. Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/immigration-economic-effect-uk-towns-b1798198.html?utm_content=Echobox&utm_medium=Social&utm_source=Facebook#Echobox=1612628724 . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Subbarao, B. 1956. The Personality of India: a study in the development of material culture of India and Pakistan . Faculty of Arts, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.

Surya, A. 2020. Haryana passes bill to reserve 75% of pvt sector jobs for locals. The Times of India. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/79065473.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Taylor, P.J., Ni, P., Derudder, B., Hoyler, M., Huang, J., & Willox, F. 2011. Global Urban Analysis: A Survey of Cities in Globalization . Earthscan.

The Hindu 2020. PMK reiterates demand for 80% reservation for local residents in private sector jobs. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/pmk-reiterates-demand-for-80-reservation-for-local-residents-in-private-sector-jobs/article33037865.ece . Accessed 8 Aug 2022.

Treisman, D. 2000. The causes of corruption: a cross-national study. Journal of Public Economics, 76 (3), 399–457.

Verkuyten, M., & Reijerse, A. 2008. Intergroup structure and identity management among ethnic minority and majority groups: The interactive effects of perceived stability, legitimacy, and permeability. European Journal of Social Psychology , 38 , 106–127. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.395.

Vickerman, M. 1999. Crosscurrents: West Indian immigrants and race . New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

Vijayalakshmi, C., Dhaliwal, K., & Gupta, R.K. 2006. Discriminatory practices in Indian companies. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations , 41 (4), 329–354.

Weber, M. (1904–05|1992). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (Parsons T translation, Giddens A. introduction). Routledge.

Weber, M. 1951. The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism (translated and edited by Gerth HH). The Free Press.

Weber, M. 1958, The Religion of India (trans. and edited by Gerth H and Martindale D). The Free Press.

Wiley, S., & Deaux, K. 2012. Bom in the USA: How Immigrant Generation Shapes Meritocracy and Its Relation to Ethnic Identity and Collective Action. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology , 18 (2), 171–180.

Zellner, A. 1962. An efficient method of estimating seemingly unrelated regressions and tests for aggregation bias. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 57 , 348–368.

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

School of Development Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, India

Abdul Shaban

UMR CESSMA, Université de Paris, Paris, France

Philippe Cadene

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Abdul Shaban: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft (lead), writing — review and editing. Philippe Cadene: conceptualization, writing — original draft, writing — review and editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Abdul Shaban .

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (ZIP 4.78 KB)

Computation of bootstrap panel granger causality and cross-sectional dependence.

Konya’s method of bootstrap panel granger causality test entails two sets of equations, as given below, $$\begin{array}{l}y_{1,t}=\gamma_{1,1}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_1}\theta_{1,1,i}y_{1,t-i}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{lx}_1}\delta_{1,1,i}x_{k,1,t-i}+\varepsilon_{1,1,t}\\\begin{array}{l}y_{2,t}=\gamma_{1,2}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_1}\theta_{1,2,i}y_{2,t-i}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{lx}_1}\delta_{1,2,i}x_{k,2,t-i}+\varepsilon_{1,2,t\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;}\\\vdots\end{array}\\y_{N,t}=\gamma_{1,N}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_1}\theta_{1,N,i}y_{N,t-i}+\sum_{i=1}^{{lx}_1}\delta_{1,N,i}x_{k,N,t-i}+\varepsilon_{1,N,t}\end{array}$$ (1) and $$\begin{array}{l}\begin{array}{l}x_{k,1,t}=\gamma_{2,1}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_2}\theta_{2,1,i}y_{1,t-i}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{lx}_2}\delta_{2,1,i}x_{k,1,t-i}+\varepsilon_{2,1,t}\\x_{k,2,t}=\gamma_{2,2}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_2}\theta_{2,2,i}y_{2,t-i}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{lx}_2}\delta_{2,2,i}x_{k,2,t-i}+\varepsilon_{2,2,t}\end{array}\\\vdots\\x_{k,N,t}=\gamma_{2,N}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{ly}_2}\theta_{2,N,i}y_{N,t-i}+\sum\nolimits_{i=1}^{{lx}_2}\delta_{2,N,i}x_{k,N,t-i}+\varepsilon_{2,N,t}\end{array}$$ (2) where y refers to log of per capita income; x denotes the religious diversity score, language diversity score, or cultural diversity score. N is the number of the members of the panel ( j = 1,…, N, that is 16 ), t is the time ( t = 1,…, t, that is 28), and l is the lag length. In this paper, the procedures suggested by Konya (2006: 985–986) to generate bootstrap samples and state-specific critical values have been followed. The procedure is also explained by Kar et al. ( 2011 :690–691).

There would be one-way Granger causality from x to y if not all ${\delta }_{1,j,i}s$ are zero, but all ${\theta }_{2,j,i}s$ are zero. Alternatively, there will be one-way Granger causality from y to x if all ${\theta }_{2,j,i}s$ are not zero, but all ${\delta }_{1,j,i}s$ are zero. Both the x and y Granger cause each other in case neither all ${\delta }_{1,j,i}s$ nor ${\beta }_{2,j,i}s$ are zero. Finally, there would be no Granger causality between x and y if all ${\delta }_{1,j,i}s$ and ${\beta }_{2,j,i}s$ are zero (see Kar et al., 2011 ). Following Konya (2006), the maximal lags are allowed to differ across variables but to be the same across equations. This is done to minimize the computational burden which may result from a large lag structure (Konya, 2006; Kar, Nazlioglu, & Agir, 2011). Lags of 1–4 of x and y are used in the estimation and then choosing the combinations which minimize the Schwarz Bayesian criterion. We have used various measures to find out the cross-sectional dependence (CSD) in the data and the method used are those suggested by Breusch and Pagan ( 1980 ) (hereafter CD BP ); Lagrange multiplier statistics ( CD lm ) suggested by Pesaran (2004), and cross-sectional dependence test (hereafter, CD ) suggested by Kar, Nazlioglu, and Agir (2011).

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Shaban, A., Cadene, P. Causality Between Cultural Diversity and Economic Growth in India: Cross-State Study, 1990–1991 through 2017–2018. Soc 60 , 388–401 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-023-00833-0

Download citation

Accepted : 03 March 2023

Published : 05 April 2023

Issue Date : June 2023

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-023-00833-0

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Religious diversity
Language diversity
Cultural diversity
Economic growth
Bootstrap panel Granger causality
Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

Unity in Diversity Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on unity in diversity.

Unity in Diversity is a concept that signifies unity among individuals who have certain differences among them. These differences can be on the basis of culture, language, ideology, religion , sect, class, ethnicity, etc. Furthermore, the existence of this concept has been since time immemorial. Since then, it has been used by a variety of political and social organizations to symbolize unity among various persons or communities. People from many cultures, religious beliefs, and social statuses coexisting in peace and love is a prime illustration of “Unity in Diversity.” People have consistently shown this praiseworthy behaviour almost everywhere on Earth . The concept has certainly resulted in the ethical and moral evolution of humanity.

Unity in Diversity

The phrase “Unity in Diversity” refers to harmony and peace. It is employed among various groups to ensure that tolerance is uniform. Caste, creed, race, and nationality are all examples of diversity. Physical, cultural, linguistic, and political differences are also included in unity in diversity.

It educates all humans and living beings to unify and find methods to bond with one another despite their differences. This will create an environment in which individuals can coexist harmoniously. “Unity in Diversity” is a long-standing concept that may be traced back to Western and Eastern traditions.

Unity in Diversity in India

The existence of oneness despite numerous distinctions is the meaning of unity in variety. India is one of the excellent examples one can learn to understand the concept of Unity in diversity. We can clearly observe that people of all religions, creeds, castes, dialects, cultures, lifestyles, dressing sense, faith in God, rituals of worship, and so on coexist peacefully under one roof, i.e. in one country of India. We can never forget the liberation movements led by Indians of all faiths, religions and castes to establish India as an independent country. In India, the struggle for freedom is a magnificent example of unity in diversity.

India is the world’s largest and most populous country, home to people of various religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Sikhism, Jainism, Christianity, and Parsees, all of which believe in the same Dharma and Karma doctrine. The Indian society is god-fearing by nature, believing in soul purification, reincarnation, salvation, heaven’s luxury, and hell’s punishments. People here celebrate their religious holidays (Holi, Diwali, Eid, Christmas, Good Friday, Mahavir Jayanti, Buddha Jayanti, Ganesh Chaturthi and so on) in a very peaceful manner, without causing harm to other religious people.

In India, Hindi is the mother tongue, but many other dialects and languages are spoken by people of various religions and regions (such as English, Urdu, Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Bihari, Punjabi, Marathi, Bengali, Odiya, Gujarati, Malayali, Kashmiri, and so on); however, everyone is proud to be a citizen of great India.

The story of India’s unity amid variety is remarkable because it conveys a clear message that the country is more powerful than any religion or community in particular. Around 1.3 billion people live in harmony and contentment. With the world’s second-largest population of numerous ethnic and religious groupings, India is now the most important secular country, with a distinct character of unity in diversity.

Advantages of Unity in Diversity

First of all, following Unity in Diversity implies an interaction between many types of individuals. These individuals will probably have certain differences among them. This would occur also in workplaces, schools, public places, etc. Most noteworthy, working with diverse people provides an opportunity for exposure. Furthermore, this interaction would build up a tolerance in people. Hence, people would respect the opinion of others.

Unity in Diversity certainly enhances the quality of teamwork. This is because of the development of trust and bonding among people. As such the coordination and cooperation becomes very efficient. Consequently, the rate of completion of projects significantly increases.

In the world of business, a new principle is being followed. This principle is to think global and act locally. The reason for using this principle by companies is different social and cultural traditions. This principle is certainly a victory for the concept of Unity in Diversity. Also, more and more companies are doing business in different regions of the World.

The concept of Unity in Diversity is effective in solving various social problems . This is possible as diverse people tend to know each other. Consequently, this increases mutual respect among the people.

Unity in Diversity is very useful for a diverse country. Above all, the concept allows people of different religions, cultures, castes, to live together peacefully. The belief in Unity in Diversity certainly reduces the chances of riots and disturbances.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Unity in Diversity in Politics

The phrase Unity in Diversity has become a symbol of Canadian multiculturalism. Adélard Godbout, Premier of Quebec, first used this phrase in Canada. Canada certainly is an excellent example of Unity in Diversity. Above all, there is very low racism in Canada. Furthermore, the people of Canada are warm and friendly. They are very welcoming of foreigners in Canada. There are almost no incidents of hate speech and discrimination against foreigners in Canada.

The European Union, in 2000, adopted Unity in Diversity as its official motto. Above all, this was in reference to many diverse Nations of the European Union. This diversity of European Union member states was due to differences in culture. Furthermore, the adoption of Unity in Diversity as a motto shows unity. It shows Europeans have come together irrespective of differences.

India is another brilliant example of Unity in Diversity . In India, people of diverse religions, cultures, castes, sects, etc. have been living together. Furthermore, they have been living together for many centuries. This certainly shows the intense tolerance and unity of the Indian people. Hence, India is a country that perfectly demonstrates Unity in Diversity.

In conclusion, Unity in Diversity is an integral part of ethics and morality. The concept is certainly essential for the future progress of human society. People must display faith in this concept. Above all, they must keep aside feelings of racism , discrimination, and oppression. Without Unity in Diversity, the demise of humanity will certainly happen.

FAQs on Unity in Diversity Essay

Q1 How Unity in Diversity enhances the quality of teamwork?

A1 Unity in Diversity certainly enhances the quality of teamwork. This is because Unity in Diversity causes the development of trust and bonding among people. This ultimately results in significantly increasing the rate of completion of projects.

Q2 Why India is a brilliant example of Unity in Diversity?

A2 India is certainly a brilliant example of Unity in Diversity. This is because India has people of diverse religions, cultures, castes, sects, etc. Above all, these people have been living together peacefully for many centuries. Within a kilometer, you can discover mosques, temples, churches, and other religious buildings.

Q3. How can one sustain unity in the presence of diversity?

A3 . To keep unity in the variety by accepting other people’s choices, letting others express their opinions, and continually interacting with others without questioning their religion, caste, or financial strength. Unity in diversity can also be preserved by raising knowledge about the value of unity in diversity and incorporating the notion into primary education. Also, through instilling tolerance in all people, regardless of their culture, traditions, or values.

Customize your course in 30 seconds

Which class are you in.

Travelling Essay
Picnic Essay
Our Country Essay
My Parents Essay
Essay on Favourite Personality
Essay on Memorable Day of My Life
Essay on Knowledge is Power
Essay on Gurpurab
Essay on My Favourite Season
Essay on Types of Sports

Download the App

Your Article Library

Essay on the different forms of diversity in india.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is your essay on the different forms of diversity seen in India for school and college students:

The diversity in India is unique. Being a large country with large population. India presents endless varieties of physical features and cultural patterns. It is the land of many languages it is only in India people professes all the major religions of the world. In short, India is “the epitome of the world”. The vast population is composed of people having diverse creeds, customs and colours. Some of the important forms of diversity in India are discussed below.

Image Courtesy : 3.bp.blogspot.com/_Nodr966MwnA/TOKnvCa-5JI/AAAAAAAADic/repday11.jpg

1. Diversity of Physical Features:

The unique feature about India is the extreme largest mountains covered with snow throughout the year. The Himalayas or the adobe of snow is the source of the mighty rivers like Indus. Ganga and Yamuna. These perennial rivers irrigate extensive areas in the North to sustain the huge population of the country. At the same time Northern India contains and zones and the desert of Rajasthan where nothing grows accept a few shrubs.

2. Racial Diversity:

A race is a group of people with a set of distinctive physical features such set skin, colour, type of nose, form of hair etc. A.W. Green says, “A race is a large biological human grouping with a number of distinctive, inherited characteristics which vary within a certain range.”

The Indian sub-continent received a large number of migratory races mostly from the Western and the Eastern directions. Majority of the people of India are descendants of immigrants from across the Himalayas. Their dispersal into sub-continent has resulted in the consequent regional concentration of a variety of ethnic elements. India is an ethnological museum Dr B.S Guha identifies the population of India into six main ethnic groups, namely (1) the Negrito’ (2) the Proto-Australoids, (3) the Mongoloids (4) the Mediterranean or Dravidian (5) the Western Brachycephals and (6) the Nordic. People belonging to these different racial stocks have little in common either in physical appearance or food habits. The racial diversity is very perplexing.

Herbert Risley had classified the people of India into seven racial types. These are- (1) Turko-Iranian (2) Indo-Aryan, (3) Scytho-Dravidian, (4) Aryo-Dravidian, (5) Mongo o- Dravidian, (6) Mongoloid and (7) Dravidian. These seven racial types can be reduced to three basic types- the Indo-Aryan, the Mongolian and the Dravidian. In his opinion the last two types would account for the racial composition of tribal India.

Other administrative officers and anthropologists like J.H. Hutton, D.N. Majumdar and B. S. Guha have given the latest racial classification of the Indian people based on further researches in this field. Hutton’s and Guha’s classifications are based on 1931 census operations.

3. Linguistic Diversity:

The census of 1961 listed as many as 1,652 languages and dialects. Since most of these languages are spoken by very few people, the subsequent census regarded them as spurious but the 8′ h Schedule of the Constitution of India recognizes 22 languages. These are (1) Assamese, (2) Bengali, (3) Gujarati, (4) Hindi, (5) Kannada, (6) Kashmir. (7) zKonkani. (8) Malayalam. (9) Manipuri, (10) Marathi, (11) Nepali. (12) Oriya, (13) Punjabi, (14) Sanskrit. (15) Tamil, (16) Telugu, (17) Urdu, and (18) Sindhi, (19) Santhali, (20) Boro, (21) Maithili and (22) Dogri. But four of these languages namely Sanskrit, Kashmiri, Nepali and Sindhi are not official languages in any State of the Indian Union. But all these languages are rich in literature Hindi in Devanagiri script is recognized as the official language of the Indian Union by the Constitution.

The second largest language, Telugu, is spoken by about 60 million people, mostly in Andhra Pradesh. Most of the languages spoken in North India belong to the Indo- Aryan family, while the languages of the South namely Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam and Kannada belong to the Dravidian family.

It is said that India is a “Veritable tower of babel”. In the words of A.R. Desai “India presents a spectacle of museum of tongues”.

This linguistic diversity notwithstanding, there was always a sort of link languages, though it has varied from age to age. In ancient times, it was Sanskrit, in medieval age it was Arabic or Persian and in modern times there are Hindi and English as official languages.

4. Religious Diversity:

India is not religiously a homogeneous State even through nearly 80 per cent of the population profess Hinduism. India is a land of multiple religions. We find here followers of various faiths, particularly of Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism Zoroastrianism. We know it that Hinduism is the dominant religion of India. According to the census of 2001 it is professed by 80.05 per cent of the total population.

Next comes Islam which is practiced by 13.04 per cent. This is followed by Christianity having a followers of 2 03 per cent, Sikhism reported by 1.9 per cent, Buddhism by 0.8 per cent and Jainism by 0.4 per cent. The religions with lesser following are Judaism, Zoroastrianism and Bahaism.

Then there are sects within each religion. Hinduism, for example, has many sects including Shaiva Shakta and Vaishnava. We can add to them the sects born of religious reform movements such as the Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj, and The Ram Krishna Mission. More recently, some new cults have come up such as Radhaswami, Saibaba etc. Similarly, Islam is divided into Shiya and Sunni; Sikhism into Namdhari and Nirankari; Jainism into Digambar and Shwetambar and Buddhism into Hinayan and Mahayan.

While Hindus and Muslims are found in almost all parts of India, the remaining minority religions have their pockets of concentration. Christians have their strongholds in the three Southern States of Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Meghalaya. Sikhs are concentrated largely in Punjab, Buddhist in Maharashtra and Jains are mainly spread over Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat, but also found in most urban centres throughout the country.

5. Caste Diversity:

India is a country of castes. Caste or Jati refers to a hereditary, endogamous status group practicing a specific traditional occupation. It is surprising to know that there are more than 3,000 Jatis in India.

These are hierarchically graded in different ways in different regions.

It may also be noted that the practice of caste system is not confined to Hindus alone. We find castes among the Muslims, Christians, Sikhs as well as other communities. We have heard of the hierarchy of Shaikh, Saiyed, Mughal, Pathan among the Muslims, Furthermore, there are castes like Teli (oil pressure). Dhobi (washerman), Darjee (tailor) etc. among the Muslims. Similarly, caste consciousness among the Christians in India is not unknown. Since a vast majority of Christians in India were converted from Hindu fold, the converts have carried the caste system into Christianity. Among the Sikhs again we have so many castes including Jat Sikh and Majahabi Sikh (lower castes). In view of this we can well imagine the extent of caste diversity in India.

In addition to the above described major forms of diversity, we have diversity of many other sorts like settlement pattern – tribal, rural, urban; marriage and kinship pattern along religious and regional lines and so on.

Short Speech on Unity and Diversity in India (455 Words)
Unity in Diversity in Indian Society

Diversity in India

No comments yet.

Leave a reply click here to cancel reply..

You must be logged in to post a comment.

IMAGES

Cultural Diversity in India Essay
Cultural diversity in india essay in 250 words
Social Diversity in India
Diversity in India: 75 years of history
Social Diversity in India
Essay on India for Students from Class 6 to 12

VIDEO

Unity in diversity 15 lines essay in English for class 10, 11, 12 by Smile please world
SOCIAL DIVERSITY STATUS IN INDIAN PRINT & DIGITAL MEDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SC, ST, OBC
Global & Social Diversity Project Instructions
Social diversity & Levels of social diversity
How has globalization affected Indian culture and diversity?
Unity in Diversity in India Class 10 Summary Explanation SSC

COMMENTS

Diversity In India Essay
Diversity In India Essay. Diversity in India is a remarkable phenomenon, one that has been celebrated since ancient times. It is a country where different cultures, religions, languages, and traditions coexist in harmony, reflecting its traditional adage of 'unity in diversity'. India is home to a plethora of different ethnicities ...
Diversity of India
In addition to the major forms of variety already mentioned, India also has diversity in many other areas, such as tribal, rural, and urban patterns of habitation, patterns of marriage and kinship along religious and regional lines, and more. Also read: Salient features of Indian Society - ClearIAS. Factors Promoting Unity in India's Diversity
Essay on India the Land of Diversity
500 Words Essay on India the Land of Diversity Introduction. India, a country known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse ethnicity, is often referred to as the "Land of Diversity". ... Social and Economic Diversity. The social structure in India is complex and diverse, with a multitude of castes, tribes, and communities. The economy ...
Religion in India: Tolerance and Segregation
This study is Pew Research Center's most comprehensive, in-depth exploration of India to date. For this report, we surveyed 29,999 Indian adults (including 22,975 who identify as Hindu, 3,336 who identify as Muslim, 1,782 who identify as Sikh, 1,011 who identify as Christian, 719 who identify as Buddhist, 109 who identify as Jain and 67 who identify as belonging to another religion or as ...
Key facts about the diverse demographics of India's states
India's least populous territory, the southern archipelago of Lakshadweep, had about 60,000 people in 2011. That was on par with Greenland and Bermuda, and equaled roughly a tenth of Wyoming's residents at that time. Hindus were a majority in 28 of India's 35 states in 2011. Around 94% of the world's Hindus (966 million) lived in India ...
(PDF) MULTI-CULTURALISM: A STUDY OF INDIA
India's multi-cultural identity is the result of a complex interplay between geography, history, and social structures. The country's diversity is reflected in its religions, languages, food, and ...
Essay on Diversity in India
The diversity in India is a testament to the country's inherent capacity to absorb, integrate, and embrace differences. It is a living example of unity in diversity, where diverse cultural, religious, and linguistic elements coexist and enrich the social fabric. This diversity is not just the country's identity but also its strength ...
INDIA'S BEAUTY AND STRENGTH LIES IN ITS UNITY IN DIVERSITY
Unity in diversity refers to a sense of. unity despite the presence of a great dea l of difference in one's life. People are brought together by its spirit, and this. connection illuminates the ...
PDF Understanding India's sociological diversity, unity in diversity and
Accepted 31 October, 2011. This essay relates to the issues of sociological and cultural diversity in India vis-à-vis the global emerging issues of sociological and cultural diversity conservation. The Caste system upon which India's tradition of diversity or unity in diversity is essentially rooted requires a fresh attention in the emerging ...
Social Diversity, Assets and Livelihoods in India
Social diversity in India is found in terms of race, religion, language, caste and ... The essays in this volume tackle the complex issue of human rights from different perspectives, and cover ...
Diversity in India
India is characterized by diverse religious beliefs and practices. India is the birthplace of four of the world's major religions, i.e. Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism. Caste Diversity: Caste plays a significant role in shaping the diverse fabric of Indian society. There are more than 3,000 Jatis in India.
Essay on Diversity in India
India has a rich culture and civilization, and there is a lot of diversity with regards to philosophies, ideas, literature, and conventions all over India. People here have different social as well as cultural beliefs. Diversity in social habits is evident in food habits, dresses, dance forms, manners, customers and festivals in different ...
Social heterogeneity in urban India: a case study on five selected
Economic, social, ethnic, racial, cultural, linguistic, occupational diversity is an inseparable feature of the city. For several years, urban sociologists recognized heterogeneity as one of the city's defining and important characteristics. Heterogeneity in population composition is connected with globalization, so increased connectivity between people and territories is the goal of this ...
PDF -- UNIT 16- SOCIAL DIVERSITY AND EDUCATION
Emerging Concerns in unit explains the meaning, nature and types of social diversity existing in India. The Indian Education second section deals with influence of the social diversity on education system in India. And the third section identifies some of the new challenges to the Indian education system which are on account of the social diversity.
Diverse Tapestry: Unveiling the Rich Cultural Mosaic of India
The artistic expressions in India are as diverse as the cultural tapestry itself. Dance, handicrafts, painting, and sculpture have flourished in the subcontinent, each reflecting the unique identity of its region. Indian classical music, with its two main styles—Hindustani and Carnatic—has a rich history dating back centuries.
eGyanKosh: Unit-1 Unity and diversity in India
Title: Unit-1 Unity and diversity in India: Contributors: Singh, Archana: Issue Date: 2020: Publisher: Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Dilemma of Diversity for India: Traditional and 'new' themes in 21st
But lately, due to advent of Globalization and India's embracing of Liberalising trends after 1991, diversity was taken over by the consumerist boom. Consumerism doesn't differentiate between back ...
The Challenge of Understanding Religious Diversity in India
Fourth, diversity in the religious belief systems of India today is a result of both the existence of many indigenous and local religions and also, the assimilation and social integration of religions and faith brought to the region by travelers, immigrants, traders, and even invaders and conquerors such as the Mughal and colonial rulers.What we note today as religion or faith has a long socio ...
PDF Multicultural Perspective and Diversity in Educational Process of India
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled "Multicultural Perspective and Diversity in Educational Process of India: A Study of Children's Multicultural Literature" is the work undertaken by Ms. Vandana Singh under my supervision and guidance as part of her M.Phil. degree in this University.
Causality Between Cultural Diversity and Economic Growth in India
Second, with its enormous social diversity, India presents an excellent case study for research on such a theme. The Indian cultural diversity has evolved through centuries due to its varied geographies, and in-migration and settling down of different communities within the Indian space in ancient and medieval ages.
Cultural Diversity in India
Abstract. Culture, in a society, evolves over long period of time when people interact with the elements of nature and social norms created by them. It also gets enriched when people of diverse social background live and interact with each other. Culture includes both the tangible (material) and non-tangible (non-material) elements.
Unity in Diversity Essay for Students and Children
500+ Words Essay on Unity in Diversity. Unity in Diversity is a concept that signifies unity among individuals who have certain differences among them. These differences can be on the basis of culture, language, ideology, religion, sect, class, ethnicity, etc. Furthermore, the existence of this concept has been since time immemorial.
Essay on the Different Forms of Diversity in India
The diversity in India is unique. Being a large country with large population. India presents endless varieties of physical features and cultural patterns. It is the land of many languages it is only in India people professes all the major religions of the world. In short, India is "the epitome of the world".