phd in clinical mental health counseling salary

Counseling PhD Degree Guide | Salary & Requirements 2024

As we start to recover from the isolation brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic, the negative effects of long-term mental health symptoms are now at the forefront of the national discussion on public health. 

Now is a great time to advance your  counseling education  and career as the U.S  Bureau of Labor Statistics  (BLS) projects that the profession will grow 8% between 2020 and 2030. This resource covers everything you need to know about a PhD in Counseling including career outlook, salaries, and program requirements. 

What is Counseling?

The  American Counseling Association  defines counseling as a professional relationship between individuals, families, and groups to achieve mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. 

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Counseling typically requires both a  bachelor’s  and  master’s degree in psychology . There are many counseling specialties to pursue including  school counseling , marriage and family therapist,  mental health counselor , and professor.

What Can I Do With a PhD in Counseling?

While a master’s degree in counseling allows you to become a licensed professional counselor and have a private practice, a doctorate degree is needed to obtain high-level positions with:

• Universities
• School system
• Community centers

A doctorate degree expands the counseling scope of work and allows you to provide your patients with more treatment options, and types of researched-based therapy.

PhD in Counseling Salaries and Career Outlook

The specialized area of counseling, industry, and job location help determine your salary. According to the BLS, the median salary of a counselor in 2020 was  $79,820  with jobs in government and healthcare paying the most. 

The career outlook for people holding a PhD in psychology is good with a projected growth of  8%  from 2020-2030. However, this projection is not a guarantee of industry growth. 

Counseling PhD Career Paths

PhD graduates looking to begin their counseling profession have many career opportunities, including the following:

• Median Salary: $58,120 
• Career Outlook: +11% (2020-2030)

School and career counselors help students with social and academic skills that will help them both in and out of the classroom. 

• Median Salary: $37,530 
• Career Outlook: +10% (2020-2030)

Rehabilitation counselors help people with physical, mental, and emotional disabilities live an independent life.

• Median Salary: $80,790 

Counseling professors teach college and university students theory and foundation on how to become a counselor.

• Median Salary: $51,340 
• Career Outlook: +16% (2020-2030)

MFTs use tools and proven techniques to help couples and individuals work through emotions, behavior, and thoughts to better their lives and relationships.

 Source: BLS 

Earning a PhD in Counseling

Earning a doctorate degree in counseling is a commitment to advancing both your skills, expertise, and scope of work as a counselor while also opening up many career paths and opportunities in the field of psychology.  

There are many things to consider when considering a doctorate school program including the pros and cons, coursework, what skills you’ll master, and the required time commitment. 

Pros and Cons of Counseling PhD Programs

A PhD in counseling offers different specialty areas that you can choose from. While a master’s degree in counseling allows you to work in clinical practice, having a PhD allows you to work in professional practice.

The pros of obtaining a PhD in counseling include:

• Diversity of career paths
• Job opportunities available
• Projected growth of the industry
• The opportunity to help people
• Possibility to earn a good income

The cons of obtaining a master’s degree in psychology include:

• Potential stress
• Requirement to work odd hours
• The financial burden of attending school
• The amount of time it takes to obtain a graduate degree 

Doctoral Degree vs. PhD in Counseling

When deciding to get a Doctoral Degree in Counseling, you have the option of pursuing either a  PhD program or a Doctor in Psychology (PsyD)  degree program.

The main difference between the two degrees is the area of focus.

A PhD program is the most popular option and is rooted in conducting research and theory, while a  PsyD program  is rooted in clinical applications and patient interactions. 

A PhD program requires a master’s degree to apply. However, there are a few PsyD programs that will accept students with only a bachelor’s degree. This program typically combines earning both a master’s and doctoral degree with one program.

Both PhD and PsyD programs typically require a dissertation or research project on a specific topic.  

Courses in Counseling PhD Programs

PhD program curriculum may vary based on what program you specialize in.  

However, there are many general core classes that are usually required for all types of psychology programs. These doctoral-level classes may include:

• Counseling theory
• Human behavior
• Group therapy
• Social issues
• Abuse and trauma
• Substance abuse
• Interpersonal relationships

Programs also conclude with a research-based practicum or dissertation. 

Skills Learned in a PhD in Counseling Program

The skills you will learn in a PhD program will help guide your career as a counselor and help you make a significant impact on your clients or patients.  

A few of these  vital skills  include:

• Problem Solving
• Leadership skills
• Interpersonal skills
• Project management
• Organizational skills
• Self management
• Written and oral communication skills

How Long Does it Take to Get a Counseling PhD?

On average, a PhD program usually takes about 4-8 years to complete. This timeline depends on:

• Whether you study online
• Full-time or part-time learning
• Previous education
• Your specialization
• How long it takes to complete your dissertation 

PhD programs in counseling typically require 90-150 semester credit hours depending on the area of concentration and program modality.

Choosing the Best PhD in Counseling

Your decision on what PhD program to pursue is highly individual and should focus on your career goals, financial situation, family obligations, and whether you will be working while attending school. 

10 Best Schools With Counseling Programs in the US

• Northwestern University
• Boston College
• University of Chicago
• Columbia University in the City of New York
• University of Pennsylvania
• University of Denver
• Lehigh University
• Northeastern University
• Fordham University
• Boston University

If you’re looking for other schools that offer Counseling PhD programs, check out the Find Your Perfect “U” tool. You can search over 6,000 colleges and universities with 11 different filters to find the  perfect school for you !

Counseling PhD Specializations

There are many areas of focus for those with a PhD in counseling and can include:

• Marriage and family therapy
• Education/school
• Mental health counseling
• Rehabilitation
• Program director

Online vs. On Campus Degrees

Online PhD programs are becoming more abundant, and many schools allow students to complete the degree on a part-time or full-time basis. The biggest benefits of online learning include:

• Flexibility and self-paced learning
• Better time management
• Improved virtual and communication and collaboration
• Faster graduation times
• Ability to work from anywhere

However, many students may choose to complete an in-person program for its networking and social aspects.

How Long do Online Courses Take to Complete?

On average, an online PhD degree in counseling usually takes about 4 years to complete. However, this timeline is dependent on if you study full-time or part-time, as well as previous education completed.

Accelerated programs are also available that allow you to complete the program in less time, but are faced-paced and rigorous. 

Counseling Certifications and Licensure

Many careers in counseling also require a license or certification to practice or obtain a job. It is important to research requirements for your desired career path and choose a school, program, and specialty that prepare you to meet your career goals. 

The specific license or certification required varies by state. Make sure to check your desired field’s requirements before you commit to a school or program.  

Accreditation

Accreditation is critical for any education institute as it certifies that the school and its curriculum meet the appropriate standards and qualifications outlined by the  U.S. Department of Education  and/or the  Council for Higher Education  accreditation. 

Choosing an accredited program is extremely important as it gives degrees credibility and is valued by employers. 

Many programs and departments within a school may have a separate accreditation called programmatic accreditation. This accreditation elevates the credibility of the program and shows that the department has designed a program that meets industry standards. 

Programmatic accreditation, such as from the  Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs  (CACREP) also ensures that students receive the appropriate training and knowledge to be successful in their given fields. 

Applying to Counseling Programs

Admissions requirements for PhD in counseling degree programs depend on the type of school, degree, and program modality desired. A master’s degree, letters of recommendation, GRE score, work experience, and prior grades are a few examples of typical application requirements.

There are many resources available to help you find schools, research financial aid packages, and apply to college programs. For example, the  Common App  is a one-stop shop for planning your educational future. 

Admission Requirements for PhD in Counseling Programs

Admission requirements for a phd in counseling degree program typically include:.

• Transcripts (high GPAs are preferred)
• Master’s degree
• Resume of work and experience
• 2-3 Letters of recommendation
• Formal interview
• Criminal background check
• Application fee

Paying for a PhD in Counseling

Deciding to go back to school is not only a big-time commitment, but it is also a big financial commitment. Tuition costs can vary depending on the school, program, required units, and projects.

There are many avenues of financial assistance available to help with tuition costs including financial aid,  scholarships , grants, internships, work study programs, and corporate reimbursement from your current company. 

Counseling PhD Degree Costs

Tuition costs for a master’s program depend on if the school is private or public and instate vs. out-of-state residence status. Depending on this criteria, one can expect to pay in the range on average $30,000 a year to complete a PhD program.

Scholarships for Counseling Students

Many scholarship opportunities are available for counseling students. Here are a few opportunities to consider.

• NAJA Graduate Scholarship
• Institute for Human Studies Hayek Fund for Scholars
• Medical research scholarships 
• GFWC of Massachusetts Memorial Education Scholarship for Graduate Studies

Counseling Career Resources

Professional organizations are a great way to stay up-to-date on current psychology trends as well as a place to seek networking and educational opportunities. Here are a few options:

• American Psychological Association (APA)
• American Counseling Association (ACA)
• International Association of Counselors (IAC)
• American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP)

Counseling PhD FAQ

• Yes. As mental health becomes a more prominent and talked about public health issue, job opportunities for counselors will be on the rise. Having a PhD in the field opens up many options and career paths. 
• There are many career options for someone with a PhD in counseling including; professor, researcher, school counselor, program manager, mental health counselor, and marriage and family therapist.
• The BLS estimates that a counselor with a PhD on average will make  $79,820 .
• The average time it takes to get a PhD is usually between 4-8 years depending on whether you study full or part-time, whether you work while in the program, and how long it takes to finish your dissertation. 

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• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm#tab-6
• https://www.counseling.org/aca-community/learn-about-counseling/what-is-counseling
• https:/ / www.bestcounselingdegrees.net/degrees/doctorate-in-counseling/
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm#tab-5
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/school-and-career-counselors.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/rehabilitation-counselors.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/education-training-and-library/postsecondary-teachers.htm
• https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/marriage-and-family-therapists.htm
• https://www.bestcounselingdegrees.net/rankings/doctoral/counseling-psychology-programs/
• https://www.allpsychologyschools.com/psychology/psyd-vs-phd-programs/
• https://www.allpsychologyschools.com/counseling/phd/
• https://careercenter.umich.edu/article/phd-transferable-skills
• https://www.beyondphdcoaching.com/academic-career/how-much-does-a-phd-cost/#:~:text=The%20average%20cost%20of%20a,quarter%20of%20a%20million%20dollars.
• https://www.scholarships.com/financial-aid/college-scholarships/scholarship-directory/academic-major/psychology-counseling

Clinical Mental Health Counselor Salary

How much does a Clinical Mental Health Counselor make? The average Clinical Mental Health Counselor salary is $74,021 as of April 24, 2024, but the salary range typically falls between $66,801 and $82,291 . Salary ranges can vary widely depending on many important factors, including education , certifications, additional skills, the number of years you have spent in your profession. With more online, real-time compensation data than any other website, Salary.com helps you determine your exact pay target. 

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Masters vs. Doctorate in Clinical Psychology

Know the facts when deciding between a master's or doctorate in clinical psych..

Posted June 13, 2016 | Reviewed by Ekua Hagan

In choosing a career related to clinical psychology, there are a lot of decisions that must be made. In a previous post we discussed the Ph.D.-PsyD decision. Today, we want to explore another tough decision: Master's (e.g., MA/MS in Psychology, Marriage , and Family (Counseling) Therapy , Mental Health Counseling or MSW) versus Doctorate (Ph.D. or PsyD).

Let’s start with some basic characteristics of each type of degree. First, a Master of Psychology can be in clinical (best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health), counseling (best for those interested in vocational and career processes, human diversity, and professional training) or educational (provide counseling services to students, including those with a learning disability or those with behavioral or social problems).

Second, a Master's of Social Work (MSW) degree can be in a clinical direct practice track, or a macro-practice track (i.e., focus on political advocacy, community organizing, policy analysis and/or human services management ).

Third, a PsyD is a Doctor of Psychology degree that is best suited for those with an interest in psychopathological populations and behavioral health, and places greater emphasis on the practice of psychology and less emphasis on research. Finally, a Ph.D. (a Doctor of Philosophy degree) can be obtained in the same domains as a Master’s degree, and puts greater emphasis on research than a PsyD.

The time frame for completing each of these graduate degrees is MSW: 2 years, MA: 2 years, PsyD: 4-6 years, and Ph.D.: 5-7 years. During these years of study, it is important to note that (in general) only Ph.D. students will receive support (tuition paid and a stipend) during their years in graduate school.

Of course, there are funding exceptions, especially in cases where a university only has a Master’s program. In addition, scholarships are sometimes available to MSW, MA and PsyD students, but this is generally rare. Support during graduate school might be very important for you, because you can rack up literally tens of thousands of dollars each year in financial assistance, and the amount of money you will earn with your graduate degree may not be as high as you imagined.

Master’s and PsyD programs, in general, are unable to provide the same type of support as a Ph.D. program. Part of this is tied to the fact that typically only Ph.D. students serve as Teaching Assistants or Research Assistants. Also, because Ph.D. programs have far fewer graduate students than PsyD programs, schools are able to afford to support their Ph.D. students.

As far as deciding to go Master or Doctorate degree, there are several issues to keep in mind. First, the general state of affairs for graduate school acceptance is that there is a hierarchy, with Master's programs being easier to get into than PsyD programs and Ph.D programs being the hardest to get into. For the sake of this post, ease of being accepted is defined in terms of grades and GRE scores, although other factors (e.g., clinical and research experience) do come into play. Of course, there are exceptions to this hierarchy, and you may decide to seek a degree at a for-profit school where grades and GRE score are not deemed as important as a non-profit public or private institution.

Our point is simply that your decision about going for a Master’s or Doctorate degree in a graduate program may be a function of what type of program your grades can get you into. We are not saying this is fair, but we hope you understand that schools need some way to pare down the number of students they will accept, with grades and (especially) GRE scores are seen as two important criteria to make these decisions.

We want to add one more point about all of this. It may be the case that your undergraduate academic record is not strong enough to get into a Doctoral program, but you can get accepted into a Master’s program and you do very well in this program. This can work to your advantage if you still want a Doctorate. The thinking here is that if you do well in the Master’s program, you show a Doctoral program that your undergraduate academic record was not indicative of your true potential. However, your stellar record in your Master’s program can show you have what it takes to continue your education in a Doctoral program.

The second issue to think about is the length of time you will be in graduate school. As stated above, the time in graduate school is shorter for a Master’s student than a Ph.D. student. Of course, this means a typical Master’s student can be earning a real salary a few years before a Ph.D. student. Although this is true, one must keep in mind (1) a Master’s degree leads (on average) to a lower salary than a PhD, and (2) a Master’s student will typically have some debt incurred during their two years in school. Let me add that to find out tuition costs for any APA-accredited graduate program, go to their website and look for the link that says “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data.” I think you will be very surprised to see the tuition costs at graduate programs—they’re pretty high. As stated earlier, a Ph.D. student will typically not have any tuition debt hanging over their head. Thus the extra salary for a Master’s student in the time they are out of graduate school working compared to the stipend of a Ph.D. student will probably be offset by the debt the Master’s student must repay.

Third, whether you go for a Master’s or Doctoral degree, you need to consider issues of accreditation of your graduate program and (for Doctoral degrees) your clinical internship. The reason for this is that graduating from an accredited program will offer a greater range of job opportunities. In fact, some employers will only hire those from accredited graduate programs (e.g., the Veterans Administration). If a school does not indicate that it is accredited (e.g., from the American Psychological Association) it should be viewed with caution. With all of this in mind, you should know that to be licensed (certified to practice by a state) in your chosen field it is often the case that you need an accredited graduate degree or internship. Also, note that licensure requires supervised professional experience, an examination at both the state and national levels. Specific courses may be required if a state deems it necessary.

Fourth, as discussed earlier, you must be clear about the issue of job opportunities and salary. In general, it is the case that Master’s degrees lead to fewer job opportunities and lower salaries than Doctoral degrees. One could argue that this is a function of the amount of training--employers are looking for potential employees who have more experience and supervised training. Some might argue that in this regard, a Doctoral student has a stronger foundation of training than a Master's student.

Fifth, you need to decide how much research training versus clinical practice training you want. If you are hoping for the former, then a Ph.D. is definitely for you. A Master’s in Psychology degree may include some research experience. An MSW and a PsyD will likely offer the least research training. One must keep in mind, however, that regardless of the clinical degree you pursue, there will always be some discussion of research, since the basis of diagnoses, testing, therapeutic techniques, etc. is based on research. The key point here is that certain clinical degrees do not require you to be actually conducting research.

Finally, give some thought to how much independence you want to have when you graduate. This all revolves around the issue of licensure that was raised earlier, and it gets very complicated because every state has its own laws regarding licensure for psychology-related degrees. Make sure you understand the laws for the state where you will practice. Of course, you might not know where you will end up, but you must be aware that the state where you end up living may have very different laws than what you expected or from where you originally were working. An important point to keep in mind about licensure is that once you are licensed, if you decide to go into private practice, your fee schedule is typically market-driven.

With all of this in mind, licensure issues require you to consider the following (also check out this info from the APA ):

You need to see what are the licenses your state approves. For a PsyD and PhD, this is not a problem, because all states will have a license for a Psychologist. The issue gets tricky when you have a Master's degree, because states tend to have different types of licensure for these individuals.

• If your state does not have a license that meets your background, what requirements are needed to get a license in a different area? For example, your Master’s degree may not allow you to be licensed as a Psychologist, but after meeting additional requirements you might get licensed as a Licensed Clinical Counselor.
• You need to be clear which licenses require you to be supervised (by a colleague with a certain license) and which allow for autonomous functioning (i.e., functioning on your own). Keep in mind that an employer typically likes an employee to be autonomous—they do not like paying for two hours of supervision (your time and that of your supervisor).
• When you apply for a license that will eventually allow autonomous functioning, what are the requirements to ultimately receive this license (e.g., supervision hours, direct service hours) that you must fulfill?

In presenting these important factors to think about with regard to a Master's vs. Doctoral degree], we, of course, understand that each individual has unique circumstances that must be taken into account. Still, we hope that presenting these factors gives you some food for thought as you consider your ultimate career path in clinical psychology.

Please note that the comments of Dr. Golding, Dr. Lippert and the others who post on this blog express their own opinion and not that of the University of Kentucky.

Want more? Check out our website for more psychology-related career information.

Jonathan Golding, Ph.D. , is a professor of psychology at the University of Kentucky. Anne Lippert, Ph.D. , is a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Kentucky.

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Online PhD Programs in Mental Health Counseling

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Most people know the terms counselor, therapist, and psychologist . But many want to know: what are the differences between these professions? 

Counselors, also known as mental health therapists, are trained to work with patients and have master’s or doctoral degrees in psychology, marriage and family therapy, and counseling. 

Psychologists, on the other hand, often require a doctoral degree in psychology for clinical research work, but a master’s degree can be sufficient for some client-based practices. Doctoral degree holders in counseling have people-oriented skill sets that qualify them to work with patients and teach and advise students in higher education. 

What does it take to earn a PhD in mental health counseling? After earning a master’s degree, most graduates choose to begin work in a clinical setting or apply for a PhD program. Accredited online doctoral degrees are available in counselor education and supervision and typically require three to four years of coursework and a clinical internship. 

Earning a PhD in counselor education and supervision gives professionals options to continue to see patients in a clinical setting or pivot their skills into teaching and mentoring roles in higher education to prepare the next generation of mental health counselors. 

A commonly asked question is: why pursue a PhD? The two biggest reasons are expanded opportunities and higher salaries. 

For starters, careers in psychology and postsecondary education are growing. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts that between the years 2021 and 2031, job openings for psychologists are projected to grow by 6 percent—which is as fast as the national average, while postsecondary teaching jobs will increase by 12 percent—a rate much faster than the national average for all occupations at 5 percent (BLS 2022). 

Secondly, doctoral degree holders earn higher salaries than those with master’s degrees. The BLS shows the average annual salary for clinical, counseling, and school psychologists is $102,740 ( BLS May 2022). The salary percentiles based on employment location, education, and work experience range from $42,760 in the bottom 10th percentile to $168,790 in the top 90th percentile. 

While it’s possible to see clients with a master’s degree, most clinical counselors have a doctoral degree. According to CareerOneStop (2023), a resource from the US Department of Labor, 66 percent of clinical and counseling psychologists have a PhD, putting those with a doctoral degree at a competitive edge with regard to opportunity access and salary negotiations. 

In short, pursuing an online PhD program enables students to expand their knowledge, grow their careers, and increase their earning potential in the future without sacrificing their earning potential in the present. 

Read on to learn more about online PhD programs and career opportunities in mental health counseling.

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Typical admissions requirements for mental health counseling phd programs.

Every educational program has unique admissions requirements, and most online PhD programs in mental health counseling require the following for admission: 

• A master’s degree from a CACREP-accredited counseling program 
• Criminal background check 
• Current counseling license or be eligible to apply for licensure in the state of residence 
• GPA of 3.0 or higher from a master’s degree program
• GRE scores 
• Interview with an admissions committee
• Official transcripts for undergraduate and graduate coursework
• One year of full-time post-master’s degree counseling experience
• Statement of career or research goals
• Three letters of reference

Courses in Mental Health Counseling PhD Programs

• Capstone in counseling
• Clinical supervision
• Diversity and social justice in counselor education
• Ethical and legal issues in counselor education and supervision
• Neuroanatomy & behavioral medicine
• Online teaching and learning
• PhD residency
• Program evaluation & grant writing
• Quantitative and qualitative research methods
• Supervision & consultation

Supervised Clinical Hour Requirements & Internships – Mental Health Counseling

In CACREP-accredited programs, students must complete their skill development preparation to be eligible for a minimum of 700 hours of supervised clinical experience . 

Clinical hours are divided into two categories: practicum and internship. A minimum of 100 practicum hours are required, with 40 hours spent in direct service with clients. A minimum of 600 internship hours are also required, with a minimum of 240 hours spent in direct service with clients. Direct service hours include time spent with actual clients and activities such as assessment, counseling, psycho-educational activities, and consultation. 

In general, observation and administrative tasks generally do not count toward the direct service supervised clinical hours requirements.

Program Accreditation for Mental Health Counseling – CACREP

As previously mentioned, the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) is the leading accrediting organization for master’s and doctoral counseling degree programs. 

As of 2023, 916 programs hold CACREP accreditation status, earned through a two-part process: a self-assessment and a peer assessment. Programs are evaluated and must demonstrate that their mission, curriculum, and teaching standards meet the high standards of excellence. 

Notably, CACREP is recognized by the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA). Nine of the 90 CACREP-accredited PhD programs in counseling are offered online, and six are featured below.

Featured CACREP-Accredited Online PhD & EdD Programs in Mental Health Counseling

Here are six featured CACREP-accredited online PhD programs in counseling. 

Adams State University

The PhD in counselor education and supervision program at Adams State University is designed to prepare counseling professionals for future positions in leadership. Through academic and clinical coursework, graduates are prepared for future clinical, research, or leadership careers in counseling. 

Students in this 66-semester hour, fully-online program begin their program in a cohort and must complete four one-week summer residencies. This curriculum meets Colorado state standards for licensure, but prospective students are urged to research the requirements for counseling licensure in the state they plan to work after graduation. 

• Location : Alamosa, CO
• Duration : Four years
• Accreditation : CACREP
• Tuition : $357 per credit 

Oregon State University (Hybrid)

Located in the heart of the Willamette Valley, Oregon State University offers a PhD program in counseling that prepares graduates to work as advanced practitioners, clinical supervisors, and counselor educators. This doctoral program emphasizes academic, professional, and research mastery. 

Applicants to this program must have a master’s in counseling or a closely-related discipline to complete their PhD coursework. Taught in a cohort model, this hybrid program requires online coursework and face-to-face classes twice each quarter, which meets on weekends. Graduates from this program go on to work in clinical and academic settings.

• Location : Corvallis, OR
• Duration : 3-5 years
• Tuition : $590 per credit 

Regent University

Regent University offers a fully-online 66-semester-hour PhD program in counselor education and supervision to teach students to explore, research, and innovate to transform mental health. This Christian program features three instructional residencies and real-world experience to help graduates apply faith-based interventions as educators, scholars, and clinical practitioners. 

Residency requirements are two weeks long and provide in-person networking and mentoring opportunities for students and faculty. 

• Location : Virginia Beach, VA
• Duration : Approximately three years
• Tuition : $900 per credit

Shippensburg University (Hybrid)  

Offering a part-time 60-credit program, Shippensburg University offers an EdD in counselor education and supervision. This hybrid program features online classes and on-campus courses on Saturdays—a format that allows current clinical practitioners with master’s degrees to maintain part-time or full-time employment while pursuing a doctoral degree. 

Students in this program take courses together in a cohort model for three years, and additional semesters may be required to complete dissertation defense requirements. This program meets the requirements for counseling licensure in Pennsylvania. 

• Location : Shippensburg, PA
• Tuition : $699 per credit (residents); $1,046 per credit (non-residents)

University of the Cumberlands  

Focused on preparing graduates for research and higher education careers, the University of the Cumberlands offers a 66-credit PhD program in counselor education and supervision. Students in this program can specialize in addiction counseling, advanced counseling, or leadership. 

The curriculum consists of three essential components: leadership, professional research and clinical, and specialty area content courses. Graduates from this program pursue careers as research and counseling psychologists, compliance officers, and post-secondary instructors in higher education. 

• Location : Williamsburg, KY
• Tuition : $449 per credit

Walden University  

Since 1970, Walden University has offered distance learning opportunities, so it is no surprise that it is one of the eight accredited universities offering an online PhD in counselor education and supervision. This program is designed for CACREP-accredited master’s degree holders in counseling who want to pursue roles in administration, teaching, private practice, or research. 

To help students meet their professional goals, Walden University offers seven areas of specialization: general program, advanced methods, consultation, counseling and social change, forensic mental health counseling, leadership and program evaluation, and trauma and crisis. 

• Location : Minneapolis, MN
• Duration : Three to five years
• Tuition : $605 per credit

Professors to Know in Mental Health Counseling

Dr. Laura Bruneau  

Dr. Laura Bruneau has a BA in psychology from Miami University, an MEd in community counseling, and a PhD in counselor education and supervision from Kent State University. 

Her specialty areas of interest at Adams State University include creativity in counseling, therapeutic reading, animal-assisted therapy, women’s issues, and counseling children. She has held counseling licenses in Ohio and Colorado and is registered with Pet Partners Team and Registered Reading Education.

Dr. Shay Carper  

University of the Cumberlands

Dr. Shay Carper is an adjunct professor at the University of Cumberlands Department of Counseling. She is a licensed counselor educator and licensed professional counselor. She earned a PhD in counselor education from Sam Houston University in 2019. Dr. Carper holds certification as a Global Career Development Facilitator. 

Dr. Carper’s research focuses include accessing and addressing implicit racial bias in higher education and mental health awareness. Her dissertation, published in 2019, is titled: “The lived experiences of Black master-level graduate students enrolled in predominantly White counseling programs in Texas: A transcendental phenomenological approach.”

Dr. Kok-Mun Ng  

Oregon State University

Specializing in mental health counseling and couples and family counseling, Dr. Kok-Mun Ng is a professor and core faculty member of the College of Education at Oregon State University. He holds a BS in applied geology from the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, multiple master’s degrees (including an MEd in community counseling from the University of North Texas), and a PhD in counselor education and supervision from Texas A&M University. 

In addition to his credentials, his area of research and teaching emphasis includes training, supervision, and professional identity in the development of counselors, theories, and practices of multicultural and social justice advocacy in counseling, and the internationalization of counseling. 

Jobs for Mental Health Counseling PhDs

As previously mentioned, those with a PhD in counseling can look forward to various career paths in teaching, administration, and clinical counseling. Here are three jobs for graduates of counselor education and supervision programs. 

Become an Assistant/Associate Professor of Counseling Education and Supervision 

Colleges of arts and science and education hire PhD degree-holders to teach courses for their counselor education and supervision programs. Assistant professors are responsible for teaching, research, and professional development. Some tenure-track positions may lead to permanent associate professor positions. Visiting assistant professor positions are also available for those who want to explore teaching options at different universities. 

Depending on job requirements, applicants may need proof of licensure and previous teaching and research experience. The BLS (2022) shows that opportunities for postsecondary teachers nationally are growing 12 percent (2021 to 2031), more than twice as fast as the national average.

Become a Compliance Officer

A career that spans several sectors and disciplines, compliance officers are responsible for examining, evaluating, and investigating eligibility for laws and regulations concerning contracts, licenses, inspections, and permits. Degree holders in counseling education and supervision may be qualified to work in public schools or healthcare facilities to ensure that educational and mental health services are administered fairly and within the prescribed scope of practice at the state and federal levels. 

Depending on the employer, certification may be required for these positions. The BLS (May 2022) shows that most compliance officers work in the federal executive branch of the government and earn an average annual salary of $76,980.

Become a Psychologist

In a career that can include clinical and research components, psychologists work one-on-one with individuals or families in private practice or mental health facilities, or research facilities. Depending on qualifications, a clinical psychologist may provide general behavioral health support or specialized services through educational counseling, couples counseling, addiction issues, grief and loss, or eating disorders. Research psychologists may evaluate patients individually for cognitive assessments for patient or research purposes. 

Psychologists may have state licensing requirements to fulfill before applying for certain jobs. The BLS (2022) shows job openings in psychology are growing as fast as the national average at 6 percent between 2021 and 2031, creating a demand for 11,300 new positions.

Rachel Drummond, MEd

Rachel Drummond has used her expertise in education and mindfulness to guide aspiring counselors since 2020. Her work emphasizes the importance of integrating reflective mindfulness into counseling techniques, helping readers understand how mental and physical well-being can enhance their professional practice and personal development in counseling.

Rachel is a writer, educator, and coach from Oregon. She has a master’s degree in education (MEd) and has over 15 years of experience teaching English, public speaking, and mindfulness to international audiences in the United States, Japan, and Spain. She writes about the mind-body benefits of contemplative movement practices like yoga on her blog , inviting people to prioritize their unique version of well-being and empowering everyone to live healthier and more balanced lives.

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Salary Outlook Ph.D vs Psy.D. in Behavioral Health Degree

Students who have a strong interest in the psychology field may be interested in a doctoral degree (Ph.D. or Psy.D.) in behavioral health. A graduate degree in behavioral health concentrates on skills you need for human services, counseling and related psychological services. Typical areas of study in this doctoral degree program include:

• Advanced study of vital behavioral health concepts, including history, theories, current tends, techniques, approaches, research and best practices.
• Understanding of behavioral health skills: DSM manual and ICD codes, new brain technologies, clinical and documentation skills, regulations. Understand scope of practice, assessment, diagnosis and client treatment.
• Cultural competency: Discuss how culture, diversity and social justice affect behavioral health, as well as the role of religion and spirituality.
• Information technology in behavioral health: Understand how to evaluate diverse technology for use in behavioral health settings, including electronic and medical health records and keeping of records. Doctoral students will understand privacy, security and confidentiality related to patient records

If you are interested in a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health, it is smart to understand your salary potential overall in psychology and behavioral health. Below are details about salaries with a doctoral degree in behavioral health.

The Difference Between a Ph.D. and Psy.D.

You can earn either a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in this field. But what is the difference? Generally, the Ph.D. in behavioral health is focused more on research, conducting experiments and analyzing behavior data. Many graduates with this degree will work in research laboratories and/or academia.

SEE ALSO:  What is Difference PhD vs PsyD of Psychology?

On the other hand, a Psy.D. in behavioral health that is focused more on the clinical aspects of behavioral health. The Psy.D. generally prepares the student for a career in professional and/or private practice in psychology or behavioral health. ( Alliant.edu ).

Salary Outlook For Behavioral Health Overview

The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides salary data for several fields related to behavioral health. First, BLS states the median salary for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors in 2017 was $43,500, but the top 10% with the most education and experience such as a Ph.D. or Psy.D. holder, earned a median salary of $70,800. ( BLS.gov ).

SEE ALSO:  10 Best Careers with a PhD in Behavioral Health

Payscale.com also reports the average salary for a behavioral health therapist is $49,800. The salary range is between $39,000 and $63,000.

Also, below are some common jobs and salaries that you can find with a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health according to Payscale.com:

• Mental Health Specialist : $52,715. A mental health specialist helps clients who are living with serious mental illness and how it affects those around them. This field is related to psychology, but the mental health specialist is often trained in behavioral health, and is often the first person that provides advice in the field. ( com )
• Behavioral Health Specialist : $48,977. A behavioral health specialist offers direction and counseling to people who face addiction, mental illness and physical limitations. ( com ).
• Mental Health Counselor : $40,400. A mental health counselor is a healthcare worker who treats and diagnoses various mental health problems and mental illnesses. Mental health counseling normally consists of helping patients who are working through illness or psychological problems. ( com ).
• Psychologist : $77,000. A psychologist studies behavioral, emotional, cognitive and social processes as they observe, interpret and record how people relate to each other and the environment. They use their conclusions to improve processes and behaviors for their patients. See also clinical psychologists . ( gov ).
• Substance Abuse Counselor : $51,000. A substance abuse counselor offers behavior modification therapy to people who struggle with alcohol or drug abuse. This can lead to support groups and group counseling, as well as potential one on one sessions with your patients. ( com ).

Salary Overview for Overview for Psychologists

In the field of psychology, which is tied closely to behavioral health, the median salary for all professionals is $77,030, with the most educated and experienced earning $124,500 per year. ( BLS.edu ). The median salary for major industries for psychologist are as follows:

• Government: $94,900
• Hospitals: $83,800
• Ambulatory healthcare services: $77,000
• Elementary and secondary schools: $74,400

Payscale.com reports the average salary for clinical psychologists is $76,300, while those with a Ph.D. or Psy.D typically earn $110,000 per year. ( Payscale.com ). That site also reports the average salary for a counseling psychologist is $56,450, with a top salary potential for doctoral holders at $90,000. ( Payscale.com ).  That website also reports the average salary for psychologists is $76,300, with a range between $48,000 and $110,000. ( Payscale.com ).

Job Outlook

The job outlook for doctoral holders in behavioral health is strong, as this degree can apply to several fields and occupations with rising interest in the US.

For example, job growth for substance abuse, behavioral disorder and mental health counselors will rise by an impressive 23% through 2026, much faster than average. More people will be seeking help for their behavior disorders as states are looking for treatment and counseling services for drug offenders rather than putting them in jails. ( BLS.gov ).

Further, the job outlook for the psychology professions also is looking good. Job demand for all psychologists in the US will rise by 14% through 2026, which is faster than average. ( BLS.gov ). Demand for clinical and counseling psychologists will rise as people are looking for help to deal with their mental and behavior problems. This is common because our population is aging and elderly people typically need more forms of psychological help and counseling.

More Demand for Behavioral Health and Psychology Professionals Reflects Healthcare Job Trends

Employment for healthcare occupations generally in the US is increasing quickly as the US population is growing older. The Bureau of Labor Statistics states employment in all healthcare occupations will rise by 18% through 2026, much faster than average. ( BLS.gov ). In this time, 2.4 million new jobs will be added, and many of them with be in doctoral level jobs in psychology and behavioral health.

Professionals earning their Ph.D. or Psy.D. in behavioral health will have the ability to earn a good salary in many professions, from psychologist to behavior health specialist in the coming decade.

• Psychologists. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm
• Substance Abuse, Behavioral Disorder and Mental Health Counselors. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/community-and-social-service/substance-abuse-behavioral-disorder-and-mental-health-counselors.htm
• Healthcare Occupations. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/home.htm
• Substance Abuse Counselor Salary. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Substance_Abuse_Counselor/Salary
• Counseling Psychologist Salary. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Counseling_Psychologist/Salary
• Mental Health Counselor. (n.d.). Retrieved https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Mental_Health_Counselor/Salary
• Clinical Psychologist. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Clinical_Psychologist/Salary
• Psychologist Occupation. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/life-physical-and-social-science/psychologists.htm#tab-2
• Difference Between Ph.D. and Psy.D. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.alliant.edu/blog/whats-difference-phd-psyd-clinical-psychology/
• Highest Paying Psychology Careers in 2019. (2019). Retrieved from  https://psydprograms.org/top-highest-paying-psychology-careers/

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Masters vs PhD in Counseling Psychology Salary

Helping others is one of the primary reasons most people go into psychology. While the field also lends itself well to research and academics, working with patients to help them improve their lives, get closer as families, find more success at work or escape trauma is a major motivator for many.

If that describes you, it’s possible you’d make a good counseling psychologist. Whether you already have a bachelor’s degree in psychology or are just considering this career path, your options are wide open. Before you can work as a counseling psychologist, however, you typically need to earn either a master’s degree or a doctorate. Which one you go for will depend, at least partially, on the salary options.

Before discussing salary differences, we’ll take a look at exactly what a counseling psychologist is and does, and what specific degree programs may meet the requirements. Then we’ll discuss salaries, student loans for school and paying back debt. Time to get started.

What Is a Counseling Psychologist?

According to the American Psychological Association , counseling psychology “focuses on how people function both personally and in their relationships at all ages. Counseling psychology addresses the emotional, social, work, school and physical health concerns people may have at different stages in their lives, focusing on typical life stresses and more severe issues with which people may struggle as individuals and as a part of families, groups and organizations.”

Counseling psychologists may address physical, mental, social or emotional issues, or some combination of them. Working with patients is geared toward helping them improve their wellbeing, resolve issues and move on with a better life. This isn’t to say that counseling is a one-and-done process, however; some counselors will work with patients for months, years or life.

What Do Counseling Psychologists Do?

A counseling psychologist’s duties and daily undertakings will depend on their specific focus. For instance, they may work only with children, with the elderly, with families, with women or within corporations. However, there are a few general services counseling psychologists typically offer:

• They work to bring out the healthy behaviors and strengths their patients inherently possess, and sharpen them.
• Working with patient history and reports, they aim to identify situational and environmental triggers, and create healthier responses to them.
• They help people work through issues of disability, diversity, poverty or other jeopardizing situations.
• They assist people in developing careers and working toward goals.
• They may work with families or couples to help resolve misunderstanding and heal relationships.

Of course, the above are just samples of what counseling psychologists do. If you want to know more, talk to your specific program director about what else is available. Let’s turn our attention to that next.

What Degree Do You Need to Be a Counseling Psychologist?

If you want to be a counseling psychologist, you usually need to start by earning a four-year bachelor’s degree. Some students may be able to apply to master’s or doctoral programs without a bachelor’s degree in psychology, but will have to complete a wide range of prerequisites first. If given the choice, you should definitely opt for the bachelor’s degree in psychology.

After that, there are three basic routes to working as a counseling psychologist:

• Obtain a Master of Psychology and begin working, with is acceptable in some states and institutions
• Earn a Doctor of Psychology instead, which will qualify you for almost any job as a counseling psychologist
• Earn a master’s and then a doctoral degree

The last route is best for people who earned a master’s before they decided they wanted to work as a counseling psychologist, and now must obtain extra schooling in order to get the job they want; ideally, though, you only have to earn one. Many universities offer both master’s and doctoral degrees in psychology, so before deciding which route is best for you, talk to the university you’d like to attend.

Note that many counseling psychology jobs do require a PsyD, or Doctor of Psychology Degree, but you can find out more about this by asking institutions for whom you would like to work what they require.

Average Salary for Psychologists

Hard numbers for counseling psychologists with doctorates versus master’s degrees are hard to get, notably because most counseling psychologists need doctorates to work, and therefore there aren’t that many people working as counseling psychologists who only possess master’s (which is not to say it can’t be done). Plus, the job requirements and attendant salaries vary greatly according to institution, location and specialty.

That said, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, psychologists made an average of $72,580 per year. The breakdown of salary for actual jobs is a little different, according to Payscale : people with doctoral degrees working as psychologists made an average of $125,000, while those working in academic institutions made $62,500. If we average these numbers, psychologists with a doctorate make on average about $93,750.

Considering the BLS statistics incorporate average salaries for those holding bachelor’s, master’s and doctoral degrees, we can assume it’s a rough average of what someone holding a master’s might make. Therefore, those holding doctorates would make significantly more than those holding master’s degrees. Note, however, that these are averages , which means it isn’t likely you would hit these figures at the beginning of your career, but instead numbers you would hit after practicing for years or decades.

Student Loans for Psychologists

Before you can make that big salary, though, you need to first make it through school. If you’re looking for student loans, here’s the basic progression of where to find them:

• Through the government, by filling out a FAFSA
• Through your university, by checking their website and specific program departments (scholarships as well as loans)
• Through private institutions

As soon as you’ve been accepted to school, make sure you find out more about which loans you’re eligible for, and apply.

Paying Back Debt

Attending school is expensive for everyone, and the costs can really add up when you attend for a master’s degree and then a doctorate. In fact, considering that master’s degree programs are typically 1-2 years and most Doctorate in Psychology programs require an additional 4-5 years of study, students can leave school with soaring levels of debt: close to $89,000 for those holding graduate degrees and a whopping $160,000 for those with doctorates, according to Nathaniel Mills .

Making a good plan to pay back debt is crucial, especially if you compare the average salaries you can expect to make with the amount of debt you’ll likely leave school with. Use the 6-month grace period that follows graduation to set money aside, where possible, and establish a standard of living that meshes with the amounts of debt you’ll have and the job you land. Getting out in front of your debt will help ensure it doesn’t catch you by surprise, for which you will be very grateful later.

At the end of the day, most people find working as a counseling psychologist rewarding and satisfying. While the job does bring its difficulties – among them having to see people in tough situations, paperwork, and working long hours, evenings or weekends – it lends a sense of satisfaction to your everyday to see the good you do. If you’re interested in this profession, consider embarking on either a master’s or doctoral program today.

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Psychologist Salary Info: The 9 Highest Paying Careers

Which psychology jobs pay the best salary?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Psychology can be a high-paying job, but it is important to recognize that there is tremendous diversity among psychology professions, and  salaries and yearly earnings are just as varied. In a struggling economy, many students have turned their interest toward some of the highest-paying careers in psychology. The highest-paying psychologist career salaries average around $167,000.

While many psychology careers have a higher-than-average yearly salary, it is important to remember that actual income depends upon various factors, including geographic location, employment sector, educational background, and years of experience.

Learn more about some of the highest-paying psychology careers, the typical salaries for such professions, and the educational requirements for entering these fields.

Psychiatrist

Average Salary:  $216,090 per year

Educational Requirements:  Considered a medical career, psychiatry is significantly tied to the study and application of psychology. Approximately eight years of post-undergraduate study. After earning a bachelor's degree, aspiring psychiatrists must graduate from medical school and then complete a four-year residency.

Psychiatry is one of the highest-paying fields tied to psychology. However, salaries can vary considerably within this field depending upon your specialty area , where you are employed, and the type of work you perform.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologist

Average Salary: $105,310

Educational Requirements: In most cases, a master's degree in psychology is the minimum training required, although having a doctorate degree may be to your advantage. While there are opportunities available at the master's degree level, earning a doctorate degree in industrial-organizational psychology offers greater opportunities and higher salaries.

Industrial-organizational psychologists use their knowledge of psychology to tackle workplace issues. Increasing worker productivity, selecting the best employees for particular jobs, and developing market research surveys are just a few things that an industrial-organizational psychologist might do.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that I/O psychologists in the scientific research and development industry earned an average annual wage of $122,660. Those employed at colleges, universities, and professional schools earned an average of $110,070.

According to the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology , the average salary for a doctorate-level consultant was $167,000.

Neuropsychologist

Average Salary: $90,460 per year

Educational Requirements: A doctorate degree in neuropsychology or clinical neuropsychology is needed to work in this field.

Neuropsychologists specialize in the study of the brain and cognitive science.   People who work in this field often perform cognitive tests, run brain scans, assess people suffering from brain injury, and study how drugs impact the nervous system. They may work at colleges and universities, hospitals, research centers, mental health clinics, and pharmaceutical labs.

Clinical Psychologist

Average Salary: $81,330 per year

Educational Requirements: In most states, clinical psychologists must have a doctorate degree in psychology. In addition to this education, they must also complete one to two years of supervised residency and pass state licensing exams in order to practice as a licensed clinical psychologist.

Clinical psychologists are trained in assessing, diagnosing, treating, and preventing mental illness. This is also the largest area of employment within psychology. Clinical psychologists work in various settings, including hospitals, mental health clinics, and private practice.

The Occupational Outlook Handbook reports that in May 2019, those employed in individual and family services earned an average of $85,140. Those employed in the offices of other health practitioners earned an average of $100,300 per year.

Engineering Psychologist

Average Salary: $79,818 per year

Educational Requirements: Entry-level positions require a master's degree, but those with a doctorate will find greater employment opportunities and better salaries.

Engineering psychologists work to improve the design of systems, operations, and equipment in order to increase efficiency, improve productivity, and minimize injury. As with other specialty areas of psychology, the area of employment plays a major role in determining salary. Engineering psychologists who work in the private sector earn considerably more than those employed in university settings.

Counseling Psychologist

Average Salary: $72,540 per year

Educational Requirements: A PhD, PsyD , or EdD degree is required to become a counseling psychologist.

Counseling psychologists perform many of the same tasks as clinical psychologists such as offering psychotherapy and mental health treatment, but they typically work with clients suffering from less severe forms of mental illness.

While mental health is one of the largest areas within counseling psychology, some people in this field opt to conduct research. They also teach university courses or provide vocational counseling.

Forensic Psychologist

Average Salary: $59,440

Educational Requirements: While there are some jobs available with a master's degree, you will typically need a doctorate degree in clinical, counseling, or forensic psychology.

Forensic psychologists deal with psychological issues related to the law. Some of the duties that a professional in this field might perform include developing psychological profiles of criminals, dealing with child custody issues, investigating child abuse, providing expert testimony, preparing witnesses to testify in court, and offering training to law enforcement.

School Psychologist

Average Salary: $58,360

Educational Requirements: Most states require completing a 60-credit school psychology specialist program, which leads to a master's or EdS degree. Approximately 32% of school psychologists hold a PhD , PsyD, or EdD degree.

School psychologists work within the educational system to diagnose and treat behavior and learning problems in children. They often collaborate with other professionals, including teachers and doctors as well as parents, to help kids overcome social, emotional, behavioral, and academic problems.

According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook published by the U.S. Department of Labor, jobs in this field are expected to grow by approximately 10% over the next decade.

Sports Psychologist

Average Salary:  $55,000 per year

Educational Requirements:  Most jobs require a master's or doctorate degree in sports psychology or in related areas such as clinical or counseling psychology. Sports psychologists  are interested in the psychological components of sports and athletics.  

Professionals in this field often focus on topics such as  motivation  and athletic performance. They utlizie their knowledge of psychology to help athletes perform better or to help people recover from sports injuries.

While salaries for sports psychologists typically range between $60,000 and $80,000, those working with professional athletes often earn over six figures.

What Psych Career Is Best For You? Take the Quiz

This fast and free psychology careers quiz can help you get a better sense for which kind of psychology career might be the best fit for your personality, career interests, salary needs, and more.

Frequently Asked Questions

While specific salaries vary depending on factors including experience and location, psychiatry tends to be the highest-paying psychology-related career.

They can! However, it is important to recognize that individual salaries vary a great deal. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median salary for psychologists is $81,040. However, the lowest paid 10% made less than $47,850 per year. Your own salary may depend on factors such as your specialty, training, experience, area of employment, and geographic location.

Psychology can be a good career if it is suited to your interests and goals. The field is expected to experience modest growth in the coming year, and there are always opportunities for growth depending on where your interests lie. The growing need for mental health services and an aging population means that there will be a need for trained psychologists.

A Word From Verywell

Choosing a career is a big decision, and the salary is just one of many factors you need to consider. Money is an important component, but factors such as job outlook and quality of life are also essential.

So is becoming a psychologist worth it? Only you can decide. Think about how a particular career may suit your personality and goals in life before committing. In the end, the best job for you is the one you will enjoy the most and fulfills your personal and professional needs.

Zavlin D, Jubbal KT, Noé JG, Gansbacher B. A comparison of medical education in Germany and the United States: from applying to medical school to the beginnings of residency. Ger Med Sci. 2017;15:Doc15. doi:10.3205/000256

Torpey E. Business careers with high pay.  Career Outlook,  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2016.

Kossek EE, Baltes BB, Matthews RA. How Work-Family Research Can Finally Have an Impact in Organizations. Ind Organ Psychol . 2011;4(3):352-369. doi:10.1111/j.1754-9434.2011.01353.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2021: 19-3032 industrial-organizational psychologists .

Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology. The SIOP income and employment report is here !

Harvey PD. Clinical applications of neuropsychological assessment. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2012;14(1):91-9.

Wahass SH. The role of psychologists in health care delivery. J Family Community Med. 2005;12(2):63-70.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational employment and wages, May 2019: 19-3031 clinical, counseling, and school psychologists .

Iudici A, Salvini A, Faccio E, Castelnuovo G. The clinical assessment in the legal field: An empirical study of bias and limitations in forensic expertise. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1831. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01831

Burrow-sanchez J, Call ME, Adolphson SL, Hawken LS. School psychologists' perceived competence and training needs for student substance abuse*. J Sch Health. 2009;79(6):269-76. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.2009.00409.x

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists: Job outlook . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Röthlin P, Birrer D, Horvath S, Grosse holtforth M. Psychological skills training and a mindfulness-based intervention to enhance functional athletic performance: design of a randomized controlled trial using ambulatory assessment. BMC Psychol. 2016;4(1):39. doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0147-y

American Psychological Association. Hot careers: Sports psychology .

• U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Occupational Outlook Handbook. 

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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MastersInCounseling.org

Online guide to counseling degrees and careers

Masters In Counseling Salary: How Much Do Therapists Make?

Graduate counseling programs provide the advanced clinical training necessary to move ahead in the mental health field. With a master’s degree in counseling, you can expect long-term career prospects with opportunities to advance your degree, your scope of practice, and your professional fulfillment.

Below you’ll find a comprehensive overview of salary data for counselors in today’s job market. You’ll also find salary data for the most common areas of speciality in the counseling profession.

What Is The Average Salary For Counselors?

How does area of specialization affect salary, what other factors affect earning potential, what is the career outlook for counselors, what is the earning potential for counselors in private practice.

The average salary for counselors varies depending on your area of specialization, where you live, and the type of practice you work choose. (In some cases, counselors pursue various private practice options.) Salary is also determined by your level of education.

In order to best determine your earning potential, you must first decide on an area of specialty. One of the many benefits of working as a counselor is the variety of specializations from which to choose. As you start to research degree programs, you’ll learn about the many of areas of specialization. These include marriage and family therapy, school counseling, substance abuse, trauma, and many others. In order to help you find salary statistics, we’ve listed a few of the most popular areas of specialization in the following sections, along with other useful information about your earning potential.

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics provides up-to-date salary data for many professions, including counselors. The BLS reports its findings on the most common types of counselors, such as substance abuse counselors, school and career counselors, behavioral health counselors, and mental health counselors.

You’ll likely find in your research that counselors and therapists are terms often used interchangeably. This may lead to question whether therapists and counselors earn similar pay. Counselors and therapists are BOTH trained clinicians that provide a variety of support services for various challenges.

Your credentials, however, are determined by the graduate counseling program. These credentials include Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW), Licensed Professional Counselors (LPC), Licensed Mental Health Counselors (LMHC), Licensed Marital and Family Therapist (LMFT), and Licensed clinical professional counsellor (LCPC). There are also many organizations that provide guidance for standards of professional practice. These include The National Certified Counselor (NBCC), The National Association of Social Workers (NASW), The American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy (AAMFT), The American Mental Health Counselors Association (AMHCA), and The American Psychological Association (APA).

Below you’ll find salary statistics for the most common types of counselors and/or therapists, including information on salary outlook and other important data.

Education, Vocational, And School Counselors

Jobs for educational, school, and vocational counselors are predicted to grow 13 percent from 2016 to 2026 . The need for school and vocational counselors is on the rise due to a large number of retirees in the field and the growing need for on-site mental health and crisis intervention services. Additionally, more schools now hire counselors to address not only academic and vocational goals, but behavioral disorders as well.

Average Salary For Education, Vocational, And School Counselors

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wages of educational, vocational, and school counselors are as follows:

Demand for career counseling is projected to increase. Career counselors will be needed to help students at on onsite career. These centers are designed to help students transition into the workforce after graduation. If you enjoy working with students and helping them prepare for their futures, a career as a school counselors might be a good fit.

Substance Abuse And Behavioral Health Counselors

Substance abuse and behavioral health counselors is projected to grow 23 percent from 2016 to 2026 . As more addiction treatment centers and offender rehabilitation program programs develop, the need for qualified counselors will continue to increase. Substance abuse counselors can also find work at homeless shelters, colleges and universities, and hospital-based outpatient clinics.

Average Salary For Substance Abuse And Behavioral Health Counselors

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wages of substance abuse counselors are as follows:

Keep in mind that private practices also employ substance abuse and behavioral health counselors. Salary varies by employer and size of their clinic. Substance abuse counselors often have a wide range of possible employment opportunities. This role requires specific training to treat clients with drug and/or alcohol addiction.

Mental Health Counselors

With a 23 percent expected job growth , mental health counselors will have their pick of employment opportunities. Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including clinics, schools, hospitals, agencies, human resource units, and private practice – all of which are in need of qualified therapists. Students in this field can specialize in a broad range of mental health issues, which widens the scope of job opportunities.

Average Salary For Mental Health Counselors

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wages of mental health counselors are as follows:

Mental health counselors are also known by other titles since they are trained in rehabilitation and prevention. Make sure to read job descriptions carefully to see if you also qualify to work as a behavioral disorder counselor.

Marriage And Family Therapists

Marriage and family therapists are on the high end of wages in the counseling field. In fact, the highest 10 percent in this field earned more than $70,830. A 29 percent job growth is expected from 2016 to 2026 due to an increased need for relationship counseling services. Graduates can also find employment in a new field of counseling that provides clinical services over the Internet called online counseling or virtual therapy.

Average Salary For Marriage And Family Therapists

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wages of marriage and family therapists are as follows:

Some marriage and family therapists open their own practices after establishing successful relationships with clients. Counselors can then charge clients an hourly rate without contractual constraints.

Rehabilitation Counselors

Rehabilitation counselors work in a diversity of settings, including vocational, medical, psychiatric centers, and correctional institutions. Jobs in this field are expected to grow by 13 percent , faster than the national average for other occupations. This is largely due to an aging population and the need for elderly care. Rehabilitation counselors can also play a consultant role by working with healthcare professionals to optimize patient therapy.

Average Salary For Rehabilitation Counselors

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wages of rehabilitation counselors are as follows:

Many more qualified rehabilitation counselors are needed now and in the foreseeable future. This field is becoming increasingly more diverse. Rehabilitation counselors are especially needed to address the mental and physical conditions of the elderly.

Earning potential is determined by a variety of factors, and it’s important to know may affect your salary. These factors typically include:

• Location (city, state)
• Years of experience
• Type of practice

Larger employers may offer more competitive salaries for counselors than smaller, non-profit social organizations. Counselors in private practice can earn significantly more depending on number of patients and hourly rate. However, private practices may have insurance fees that can be high, depending on where you live and the population you serve. We’ve broken down the most common factors affecting your earning potential:

Where you work as a counselor can have a big impact on how much you earn. Different parts of the country need more counselors than others, based on population, crime statistics, funding, community resources, and other factors. Location also plays an important part in licensing, continuing education, and insurance requirements, should you open your own practice.

When considering location, don’t forget to factor in the cost of living. The cost of living in larger cities, such as New York or Chicago, is much higher than it is in smaller cities or towns. If you considering opening your own practice in a city with a higher cost of living, make sure you have the resources to do so.

Whether you want to open your own practice or work for a clinic or in a hospital, research areas of the country that have high employment rates in your field. For example, notice in the graph below the areas of the country that employ the most substance abuse and behavioral health counselors:

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics , the metropolitan areas with the highest employment level in this occupation include:

• New York-Jersey City-White Plains, NY-NJ Metropolitan Division
• Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale, CA Metropolitan Division
• Chicago-Naperville-Arlington Heights, IL Metropolitan Division
• Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI
• Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Metropolitan Division
• Philadelphia, PA Metropolitan Division
• Pittsburgh, PA
• Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA NECTA Division

Years of Experience

Gaining experience is an important step in the process of exploring your career options. Before you decide on an area of specialty, trying on different “hats” in the counseling field will help determine what kind of work environment, and patient population, is right for you. Volunteering at different organizations on the weekends or shadowing a counselor will help you gain hands-on experience and a possible foot in the door.

The more experience you have, the more knowledge you have. And the more knowledge you have, the better you’ll be at counseling others. Each case is different and comes with its own unique set of circumstances and considerations. For counselors, this means professional growth and advancement opportunities.

Continuing education opportunities are also great ways to expand your scope of practice. After a few years of working as a counselor, taking additional courses or attending a seminar can help improve your practice and possibly expand it to other services. Each state also has its own continuing education requirements.

You might want to consider pursuing a PhD or a PsyD, if continuing your studies is an option. Your education level can have an enormous impact on your earning potential. Some counselors choose to pursue a degree in psychology or even psychiatry, depending on your area of interest and long-term goals. The median annual wages for psychologists in May 2017, according to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, were as follows:

As a psychologist, you can work in a variety of settings, and where you work can also affect your pay. The median annual wages for psychologists in May 2017, in the top industries in which they worked, according to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, were as follows:

Psychologists in a private practice can often set their own hours and choose how many patients they want to work with, which affects their overall income as well.

Type of Practice

Counselors work in a variety of settings, depending on the services provided and the client populations. It’s important to consider the type of practice you wish to work for, as each setting provides a unique set of challenges and opportunities. For example, are there specific clients that interest you? Do you like working with couples, children, or do you prefer group therapy or one-on-one support? Do you want to work in a hospital or perhaps a shelter or women’s center? Where you work will not only determine your responsibilities but will also influence your pay.

When looking for employment or an internship, research the following facilities to learn more about their therapy services and programs:

• Non-profit agencies
• Human resource departments
• Private practice

A master’s degree in counseling is often a requirement for many types of counseling jobs. With more clinical and academic training, you’ll be able to take new and exciting career challenges. Make sure to research the licensing requirements for counseling jobs in your state as each state has different practicing laws.

Continuing education requirements also vary by state and will likely to be a necessary part of your job. These requirements are set forth by your state counseling board. Each state has it’s own counseling board. Check your state’s website for additional information about continuing education requirements.

As population numbers rise, the demand for qualified counselors continues to grow. Counselors are needed to provide services in a number of different areas, including education, veteran services, substance abuse, marriage and family therapy, rehabilitation, just to name a few.

According to The Bureau of Labor Statistics, the career outlook for counselors is strong, specifically for substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors. The job outlook for marriage and family therapists is also strong. Employment of marriage and family therapists is projected to grow 23 percent from 2016 to 2026 , much faster than the average for all occupations.

Job outlook changes every year so it’s important to do your research to find reliable statistics. The BLS consistently updates its website with job outlook projections and salary data.

If you’re interested in opening your own practice, there are a few important things to keep in mind. Private practice gives you the freedom to choose who you work with and how often. Private practice can also be lucrative if it’s done properly. However, there are some costs to consider before opening your own practice:

Costs to Consider

Licensing Fees : Before you open your practice, you’ll need to research the laws in your state. There are specific laws for owning your business. You’ll likely have to obtain a business license from the city you live in and renew it annually. Client Base : You’ll also need to generate business in order to be profitable. The more clients you have, the more money you’ll likely make. In order to generate business, you’ll need to put forth money towards marketing efforts Overhead : Some of the expenses needed to operate a private practice include: office space; the cost of utilities and furnishings, office supplies, additional staff, if necessary, and the price of medical, dental, and liability insurance.

It’s also important to keep in mind that your client base will not always be consistent. You’ll likely experience and ebb and flow in your work. While this is common in the counseling profession, for those clinicians in private practice, your income will not be consistent. However, with more experience comes a higher hourly rate. This may allow you to see fewer clients, while still supporting your own business. You might want to consider joining a professional organization or two. By becoming a member of these associations, there’s a chance you’ll connect with more potential clients. (If you’re moving into private practice, you might already have additional certifications and memberships from previous place(s) of employment.

The risks associated with private practice are not for everyone. That’s why it’s important to know the facts. It may be helpful to talk to a fellow clinician in private practice to learn more about the pros and cons. Fluctuating income can be challenging for counselors who have other expenses. However, if you’re willing to put in the work and have the resources to do so, private practice can be incredibly rewarding.

Our list of accredited schools will set you on the right path towards a rewarding career in the counseling profession.

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Master’s or Doctorate: Which Degree Fits My Counseling and Psychology Career Path?

April 26, 2024

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Assess Your Goals When Considering an Advanced Counseling and Psychology Degree

Completing your bachelor’s degree opens many new paths on your way to a career in counseling and psychology. With so many options, it’s important to assess your goals when selecting which program of study is the best fit. Consider your career aspirations, academic interests, and lifestyle needs as you embark on this journey toward finding an education that will set you up for success in this fascinating field.

Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota offers outstanding programs to help you earn an M.A. in Counseling and Psychological Services  or a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in Counseling Psychology  degree. Below, we discuss several options for those looking to advance in their counseling and psychology education and career.

What Can I Do With an M.A. in Counseling and Psychological Services?

A M.A. in Counseling and Psychological Services provides students with the knowledge, skills, and experiences needed to become licensed practitioners, such as a Licensed Professional Counselor (LPC) or Licensed Professional Clinical Counselor (LPCC). Licensed graduates can provide mental health services, including individual counseling, and work in a variety of healthcare and human service settings. This type of work requires patience, empathy, and compassion as well as technical expertise. Mental health counselors are labeled as a “bright outlook” job by the U.S. Department of Labor and are in high demand.

What Can I Do With a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in Counseling Psychology Degree

Pursuing a Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in Counseling Psychology degree offers graduates the educational requirements and opportunity to make an impact as licensed psychologists. Licensed psychologists often work in clinical practice settings, such as community mental health centers or private practices, where they provide psychotherapeutic services to individuals or families. This type of work is both challenging and rewarding. It is also highly sought-after due to its potential for long-term growth and professional development opportunities.

Earning this degree can also open students up to a wide range of opportunities. Students gain many transferable skills that apply in different practice settings, including advocacy, consultation, critical thinking, and leadership.

Counseling and Psychology Graduate Degrees at St. Mary’s University of Minnesota

At Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota, we are proud to offer two state-of-the-art graduate degrees in counseling and psychology.

• A. in Counseling and Psychological Services
• Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) in Counseling Psychology

The M.A. in Counseling and Psychological Services program  offers a unique opportunity to apply for early entry to the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) program  which allows for an accelerated pathway for earning both your master’s and doctoral degree. This accelerated pathway allows you to achieve your academic goals faster by allowing for simultaneous completion of your master’s degree while beginning your Psy.D. coursework.

Our Psy.D. curriculum emphasizes evidence-based practices in psychological assessment and diagnosis, treatment, interdisciplinary collaboration, and supervision. It is accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) and prepares students for licensure as health service psychologists.

Get Started on Your Advanced Counseling and Psychology Degree

Both graduate degree programs in Counseling and Psychology provide students with theoretical knowledge and practical application strategies that prepare them for success wherever they go.

Whether you’re interested in becoming a licensed counselor, working as a licensed psychologist,      in clinical practice settings, or pursuing research opportunities, we’re confident a degree from Saint Mary’s University of Minnesota will be beneficial to your long-term goals. Serving students throughout Minnesota and beyond, we provide person-centered education with a commitment to the principles of the Catholic Lasallian tradition .

Reach out to us to learn more  or start your application  today.

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