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How to Apply for a PhD in Germany: Programs, Funding, & FAQs

If you’re considering advancing your academic journey with a PhD and have a passion for conducting research in your field, Germany could be an excellent destination for you. With its top-tier universities, exciting research opportunities, financial support, and diverse culture, Germany stands out as an excellent choice for PhD studies.

These are the main steps to doing a PhD in Germany:

Find a PhD Program and a Supervisor

• Decide Between Individual and Structured PhD Programs
• Meet All Requirements & Prepare Your Application

Apply for Doctoral Studies

Secure funding, get a student visa or resident permit, arrive in germany and begin your phd program, why pursue a phd in germany.

Here are some compelling reasons to pursue a PhD in Germany:

• Top universities. Germany boasts four universities ranked in the top 100 globally, offering access to world-class education and research facilities.
• International student community. Germany welcomes a diverse and thriving international student community, with over 458,210 international students studying across the country.
• Abundant research institutions. Germany’s 1,000+ publicly funded research institutions, spanning universities, applied sciences, research institutes, businesses, and government bodies, offer countless opportunities for collaboration and networking.
• Investment in research and development. Germany’s commitment to research and development is evident through its increasing expenditure, which reached a record high of 112.6 billion euros in 2021.
• Strong economy. Germany is known for its robust and stable economy, offering potential career opportunities in academia, industry, and research sectors after completing your PhD.

How to Apply for a PhD in Germany

Below, you will find all the steps you need to take, from discovering your perfect program to submitting your application and commencing your PhD adventure in Germany.

To start your PhD in Germany, define your research focus by considering your interests and academic background. Explore resources, attend conferences, and connect with professors. Use online sources, engage with academic communities, and seek advice from current PhD students for insights into the research scene.

If you’re already clear about your research direction, it’s time to search for suitable programs. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) provides a comprehensive database of current opportunities, which you can explore at the DAAD PhD Database . Additionally, consider researching universities in Germany individually to understand what each institution offers in terms of research and programs.

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You will also have to find a supervisor. One way to do so is by visiting university websites to find faculty directories with profiles of professors and their research interests. Contact professors whose work aligns with your research interests, express your interest and inquire about supervision opportunities.

> You can search PhD programs using the GERiT database , which features over 31,000 research institutions.

Types of PhD Programs in Germany

Before you start searching for a PhD program, it’s essential to understand that in Germany, there are two different paths you can take when pursuing a PhD, each with its own set of advantages and opportunities.

Individual PhD Programs

An individual doctorate program is considered the more common and traditional PhD route in Germany. It is a flexible and self-directed path to earning a doctoral degree, particularly in fields like humanities and social sciences. You take the initiative to find a supervisor (called “Doktorvater” or “Doktormutter”) for your research project and often suggest your research topic.

There’s no fixed curriculum, giving you the freedom to set your research timeline and choose coursework. This approach requires self-discipline and active networking, including participation in doctoral candidate meetings and research events.

Structured PhD Programs

Structured PhD programs in Germany offer a clear path to a PhD degree, typically lasting three to five years. Unlike individual doctorate studies, they include a curriculum, research proposal submission that has to fit an existing program, and a set timeline for coursework and research.

Candidates benefit from advisor supervision and are encouraged to collaborate across disciplines, making structured programs ideal if you’re seeking a guided and comprehensive doctoral experience.

Ensure You Meet All Requirements & Prepare the Application

The requirements and application documents for a PhD in Germany can vary depending on your chosen institution and research area. However, as a general guideline, you should prepare the following:

• Academic degree recognized in Germany. Typically, you’ll need a master’s degree or a German state examination (Staatsexamen) to qualify for a PhD program.
• Copy of master’s thesis. Provide a copy of your master’s thesis, showcasing your research skills and the depth of your academic work.
• Research proposal. Craft a clear and comprehensive research proposal outlining your intended research topic, objectives, methodology, and significance.
• Statement of purpose. Write a statement of purpose explaining why you wish to pursue a PhD in your chosen field, your academic and career goals, and how this program aligns with your aspirations.
• Curriculum Vitae (CV). Prepare a detailed CV highlighting your academic achievements, research experience, relevant coursework, publications, and any other qualifications.
• Proof of language proficiency. Depending on the language of instruction (usually German or English), you may have to provide proof of language proficiency. You can do this with certificates like TestDaF, DSH, TOEFL, IELTS, or proof of previous studies in the language.
• Academic references. You may need to provide contact information or recommendation letters from professors or academic advisors confirming your academic abilities and research potential.
• Predoctoral examination. Some programs may require you to pass a predoctoral examination as part of the application process.

Once you’ve found a suitable PhD program and a mentor, and your academic qualifications are recognized in Germany, you can start your application. Depending on the university or research institute, you can apply online or by post, so it’s essential to check their specific requirements. Keep in mind that admission committees are selective and may conduct interviews to admit the best candidates.

Securing funding is a crucial step when preparing for a PhD in Germany. To meet visa requirements and stay in the country, you must demonstrate access to a minimum of €934 per month, totaling €11,208 annually. This proof can be provided through an admission agreement or relevant contract, or you can open a blocked account with individual funds.

There are various ways to financially support yourself while pursuing a PhD in Germany:

• PhD scholarships. DAAD offers the highest number of doctoral scholarships. PhD students get an average monthly stipend of €1,139.
• Paid PhD positions. Many universities and research institutions offer paid PhD positions in Germany. You will have a contract and work on specific research projects while receiving a salary.
• Research associate positions. You can also work as a research associate in a university, research institution, or company and receive a salary as compensation.
• Part-time jobs. Some PhD students/researchers work part-time jobs that are not related to their studies to secure additional income.

> Read more about the costs associated with studying in Germany.

> Explore scholarship opportunities.

Once your acceptance into the PhD program is confirmed by the university or institution, you can begin the process of applying for a student visa or residence permit. The PhD visa or permit requirements for Germany can vary depending on your nationality and individual circumstances:

Visa Requirements

Citizens of the EU, the European Economic Area (EEA), and Switzerland do not need any special permit or visa to pursue a PhD in Germany. They can research and work with just a valid passport or ID card.

For international researchers who are not citizens of the EU, EEA, or Switzerland, a visa will be required to work as a researcher in Germany.

The type of visa you need depends on your specific situation:

• Study visa. If you’re pursuing a full-time doctoral program, you may apply for a student visa.
• Research visa. If your focus is on research and you have a formal affiliation with a research institution in Germany, you can apply for a research visa.
• EU Blue Card. If your PhD offer includes a gross annual salary of at least €45,300 (or €41,041.80 in certain professions), you may be eligible for an EU Blue Card, which is a special residence title for international academics.

Residence Permit Requirements

Once you arrive in Germany, you’ll need to apply for a residence permit based on the visa you have:

• Study permit. If you’re accepted into a PhD program at a German university, you can get a study-based residence permit for up to two years, extendable.
• Research permit. If you’re a researcher with the right qualifications for doctoral programs, you can get a research permit for Germany. This requires a contract with a research institution for your project.
• EU Blue Card. You may be eligible for the EU Blue Card, which is for foreign academics and qualified workers in Germany. To get it through a PhD offer, your salary should be at least €45,300 per year, or €41,041.80 for certain bottleneck professions .

*Note that nationals of certain countries , including the United States, Australia, Israel, Japan, and Korea, who are not required to obtain a visa, must still apply for a residence permit.

> For more specific information tailored to your situation, we recommend contacting the German embassy or consulate in your home country. You can also use this visa navigator.

Arriving in Germany and commencing your PhD program is an exciting step, but there are certain formalities you need to take care of. The international office at the university or a representative can guide you, however here are the main things to take care of once you’re in the country:

Register Your Residence

Shortly after your arrival, you must register your residence at the local registration office (Einwohnermeldeamt or Bürgeramt). This is mandatory, and you typically have a window of two weeks to complete this process.

Obtain Health Insurance

Everyone in Germany, including international PhD students, is obligated by law to have health insurance coverage . The type of health insurance you are eligible for depends on the source of your funding:

• Doctoral candidates with an employment contract are typically insured automatically with a state-regulated health insurance provider (Gesetzliche Krankenversicherung -GKV)
• Doctoral candidates without an employment contract (with a fellowship or private funding) may choose between:
• Voluntary health insurance coverage with a state-regulated provider.
• Coverage with a private health insurance company.

Some exceptions allow you to retain your insurance from your home country, such as students from a European Union (EU) country or other countries with social security agreements with Germany.

Open a Bank Account

It’s advisable to open a German bank account as soon as possible. Many financial transactions in Germany, including receiving your stipend or salary, are typically done through a German bank account.

Enrollment at University

If your PhD program requires enrollment at a university, you’ll need to complete this step. Submit the necessary documents to the university’s enrollment office, which may include your admission letter, passport, proof of health insurance, and proof of financial means.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

There’s a lot to think about when you’re considering pursuing a PhD, especially if it’s in a foreign country. We’re sure you’ve got more questions, and we’re here to help.

What Is the Duration of a PhD Program in Germany?

In general, a PhD program in Germany typically lasts between three to six years.

The duration of a PhD program in Germany can vary depending on several factors, including the university, the subject area, and individual progress.

Are PhD Programs in Germany Tuition-Free?

Most PhD programs in Germany are tuition-free, at least for the first six semesters. However, if you are enrolled at a university, you will need to cover a semester fee. This can vary depending on the university but usually falls within the range of €100 to €350.

Is Knowing German Mandatory to Pursue a PhD in Germany?

Knowing German is not always mandatory to pursue a PhD in Germany. Many German universities offer PhD programs in English, especially in fields like science, engineering, and the humanities. In such programs, you can write your thesis and communicate with professors and peers in English.

However, language requirements differ by university and department. If your program is in German, you might need to prove your proficiency. Knowing German can also be helpful for daily life and integration if you’re living in Germany.

Will I Get a PhD Salary in Germany?

PhD candidates in Germany, whether affiliated with universities, research institutions, or companies collaborating with them, typically receive financial support in the form of a salary or grant.

The majority of doctoral positions are structured under the TV-L (Tarifvertrag im Öffentlichen Dienst) salary scale, often falling within the TV-L 13 category, with a salary range spanning from €4,188 (Tier 1) to €6,037 (Tier 6).

Salaries are typically determined based on a wage agreement that specifies the contract tier (Stufe) and working hours (percentage-based). Many entry-level PhD students start with tier 1 contracts that are not full-time. For example, if your contract places you in Pay Group E-13 Tier 1 of the TV-L and you work at 75% capacity, your monthly gross salary will be €3,141.

Can I Work While Pursuing a PhD in Germany?

It’s generally allowed for PhD students in Germany to have part-time jobs to cover living expenses. However, the rules and expectations can vary depending on your supervisor, field of study, and specific circumstances.

While part-time work is an option, keep in mind that pursuing a PhD can be quite demanding, often requiring long hours of research and study. It’s essential to find the right balance between work and your academic commitments. Additionally, make sure to be aware of any legal and contractual obligations related to your employment while studying for your PhD.

What Is the Process for Defending a PhD Thesis in Germany?

In Germany, defending your PhD thesis involves several steps. You start by submitting your thesis and necessary documents, making sure they meet all the formal requirements. A commission is formed, and you may have the opportunity to suggest reviewers.

Then, you will have to prepare and undergo an oral defense, which can be either public or private and typically lasts between 30 minutes to 2 hours. During this, you present your research and discuss it with the committee.

The outcome of this discussion determines your final grade, which you receive after the defense. If everything goes well, you’re granted the Ph.D. title and have about two years to publish your dissertation.

What Are the Career Prospects After Completing a PhD in Germany?

After completing a PhD in Germany, career prospects are promising. Graduates often find opportunities in academia as professors or researchers or in various industries, including technology, healthcare, and finance. Germany’s strong economy and research-oriented environment make it an attractive place for career development.

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PhD in Germany [Complete Guide]

Few achievements in life match the feeling of being awarded a PhD. Doctorates represent the pinnacle of academic achievement, and require years of diligent study.

The rewards, however, are great. Not only does a Ph.D. give you bragging rights at cocktail parties, but it also provides excellent job prospects and earning potential. But what if you want to study for a PhD outside of your home country?

Germany is an increasingly popular destination for international students, offering high-quality education and research facilities at a fraction of the cost of studying in the US or UK. Germany offers and takes research extremely seriously, and is one of the world's most popular places to study for a PhD or higher education.

But what kinds of PhDs are available, how much do they cost, and how do students apply? Let's find out.

General information

Germany is widely seen as one of the best places to apply for a PhD worldwide

The country offers excellent education and research facilities as well as competitive funding opportunities for doctoral students.

There are different types of Ph.D. programs in Germany. That's no surprise, as   Germany invented the elite academic qualification in the 19th century . German PhDs cover subjects as diverse as history, linguistics, and philosophy, or chemistry, molecular biology, earth sciences, and computer science. Most lower level degree subjects can be extended to PhD level if the student desires.

How can I get a PhD in Germany?

There are   two main ways   to complete a PhD in Germany. Most commonly,   students form a working relationship with a specific   Doktorvater   or   Doktormutter   (or "supervisor" in English). They then work on a tightly focused research task for the duration of their studies.   The fruits of their university research are then presented as a "Doctorate" ( Doktorarbeit ), which tends to resemble a medium-length book.

In some cases,   "Structured" PHDs are available . These resemble taught Masters degrees, but still have a strong research element. They may also focus on work placements.

How long does it take to get a PhD in Germany?

Generally speaking,   a standard research-oriented German doctorate can be obtained within 4-6 years . This depends on the speed of work and personal factors such as having children.   Structured doctorates can often be completed in just 3 years , but this varies from course to course.

International PhD Programs

Germany welcomes international students to study at PhD level

Many programs offer specialist assistance and course structures for overseas students.

DAAD   (the German Academic Exchange Service) brings together   grants for international students at leading German universities . It's the best place to start   hunting for scholarships to help fund your studies .

Is a PhD in Germany free?

PhDs at German universities are usually available free of charge for international students , but   living costs   aren't covered. However, scholarships can cover (most) living costs.   DAAD grants will average around €1,200 per month , and additional funding sources may be available.

A group of prominent universities has also created a funding scheme   called   StipendumPlus , which also distributes grants. Between them, finding financial help should be possible.

Do PhD students get paid in Germany?

It's not routine for international students to be paid for their work , but it is definitely possible to find paid research posts. Enquire with your supervisor, and you may find that paid jobs are available to supplement your income.

How to find your PhD Position

Finding the right PhD is essential

It's   a huge investment of both finances and time , and could change the course of your life. So here are some useful tips to remember.

Take time to find a   supervisor   you want to work with.   Balance their academic record with the resources of the university, and have a chat with them   if possible. You need to be able to work with them on a daily basis.

• Searching for doctorate programs has been made much easier by databases like   DAAD . Use them to assess every option.
• Consult   university rankings   to avoid poor-quality teaching.
• Check for services like career advice and travel grants. As a PhD researcher, you may need to travel worldwide, and this can be expensive.
• Ask about work opportunities as well. Research posts at your university are the best way to add some extra income, while gaining relevant experience.

Requirements and Application

Before you can commence doctorate studies in Germany, you'll need to complete an application process

If you want to study a traditional PhD,   applications must be carried out via your prospective supervisor .

When   you contact   the supervisor   and they   agree to work with you, they will forward your request to the relevant faculty . The department will then request:

• A statement from your supervisor
• Proof of your academic qualification 
• 1-2 academic references
• Proof of   language proficiency
• A valid   student visa   and   health insurance

Structured PhDs don't require students to go through a supervisor.   In those cases, applications are made via the faculty, and will usually be carried out via online portals.

To study a PhD, requirements generally demand a Masters degree   (8 semesters of university education), as well as English and German proficiency to a high level.

IELTS English certificates , and   TestDaf German courses   are advisable for all doctoral candidates, even if they have studied those languages in the past.

PhDs are a huge investment of both finances and time, so it's important to do your research before choosing a supervisor and program. Make sure to consult university rankings and databases like DAAD when making your decision. Once you've been accepted into a program, make sure to apply for scholarships and grants to help cover your living costs.

Finally, remember to ask about work opportunities as well – research posts are a great way to gain relevant experience and supplement your income.

Find Your Perfect Match 

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Doctoral studies at HHU

There are several ways to earn a doctorate depending on the faculties, the individual research fields as well as on the type of doctorate. It can be completed within a structured programme or quite independently under the supervision of a professor. Over a period of about three to four years, doctoral students conduct independent research, write a dissertation and usually defend it through an oral examination. The starting date is not bound to the university semesters, but rather depends on the available funding options for the individual research projects.

At HHU, doctoral candidates are individually supervised and supported in order to advance their careers. The following applies to all faculties of HHU:

• the regulations for doctoral studies stipulate that doctoral theses must be overseen by two supervisors; i.e. a second supervisor may be added to the PhD advisory committee
• the course "Good Scientific Practice" is mandatory for all doctoral candidates
• the doctoral research is conducted within a structured doctoral programme or, alternatively, can be completed within the framework of a structured curriculum at the respective faculties' graduate academies
• international junior researchers receive advice and support from the Junior Scientist and International Research Center (JUNO) regarding their stay in Germany and at HHU
• the faculties' graduate academies offer a broad qualification programme for doctoral students and a comprehensive counseling service
• the  Heine Research Academies and the graduate academies of the  Faculty of Medicine (MedRSD) , the  Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences (iGRAD)  and the  Faculty of Arts and Humanities (PhilGRAD) provide a common framework of support and structured education for all doctoral researchers.

In Germany and at HHU, the most common PhD track is completing an individual doctorate under the supervision of a professor and thereby conducting research largely independently on one's own research topic. This offers a great deal of flexibility but also demands a high degree of personal initiative and responsibility. To start such a doctoral project, you first need to find a supervisor at HHU. The supervision of a doctoral thesis is an individual agreement between the doctoral researcher and the supervisor. In some faculties at HHU (e.g. Faculty of Mathematics & Natural Sciences) an additional supervising professor is mandatory. 

Doctoral students conducting an indivual doctorate may be employed by the supervisor's institute, which often requires them to work on a specific project or to participate in the teaching requirements of the institute. Vacancies for this path to a doctorate are often advertised on the research institute's website or can be found at the HeRA job portal . Doctoral researchers who are not employed by the institute are advised to organise funding for their dissertation project , for example by a scholarship.

How long it takes to complete an individual doctorate depends mainly on one's own time schedule. Three to four years are within in the normal range.

Find further information on how to apply for an individual doctorate here .

In structured doctoral programmes, doctoral students and their research topics are integrated into a larger scientific framework in which the students work on a common research focus or methodology. These programmes are often interdisciplinary and/or have a strong international orientation with English as the team language. In general, they offer a subject-specific curriculum as well as opportunities to acquire transferable skills and additional qualifications. Doctoral students are generally supervised by a thesis advisory committee, i.e. in teams of several professors participating in the programme. 

At HHU you have a broad spectrum of structured doctoral programmes in research training groups and graduate schools funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Excellence Initiative, the federal state North Rhine-Westphalia (NRW) and HHU itself. Sometimes they include collaborations with other universities, non-university research institutes such as the Helmholtz Association or the International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS) as well as other international partners.

Programme specific scholarships or job offers for doctoral candidates usually provide funding for at least three years. Find further information on available scholarships or job offers at the graduate programmes' websites or and the HeRA job portal . Click here  for details on how to apply for a graduate programme.

Steps to a doctorate

Application

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The Ultimate Guide to Earning a PhD in Germany | 2024

A PhD is an advanced academic degree that requires at least three years of full-time study and research beyond a master's degree. A university or college usually awards it and requires an original contribution to knowledge as a dissertation or thesis.

Germany's world-class education system includes outstanding research facilities and academic freedom. It also has a vibrant culture and low living costs, making it an appealing option for international students. Furthermore, the German government provides generous funding for PhD programs in specific fields, making it easier for students to study in Germany. International students can also write their doctoral thesis in English.

How do you select the most suitable PhD program for you?

Step 1 - Start by researching the different universities and programs that offer PhD studies in Germany.

Step 2 - Consider what areas of research interest you and Look for programs with faculty who have expertise in your research area.

Step 3 - Check the admission requirements for each program to ensure you meet the eligibility criteria.

Step 4 - PhD programs in Germany are often fully funded, but it's important to check for available funding opportunities and the requirements for application.

Step 4 - Think about whether you want to live in a big city or a smaller town and whether you are comfortable with the language of instruction.

Step 5 - Different PhD programs have different structures, and it's important to find one that suits your learning style and preferences. Some programs may have more coursework, while others may be more research-oriented.

Types of Doctorates

Doctorates are generally of three types: -

Advertised Projects - These are prevalent in STEM subjects. Advertised projects are research projects that are advertised by universities and students can apply for them. These projects usually have funding attached to them, and students are expected to work on a specific research topic under the supervision of a faculty member.

Self-Proposed Projects - These are more prevalent in arts, humanities, and social sciences. Students are required to propose their own research topic and find a faculty member who is willing to supervise their research. These projects are usually not funded.

Vocational Doctorates - Doctoral degrees in professional fields like business and management are also offered by universities. Usually, professionals looking to advance their careers are the target audience for these doctorates. Vocational doctorates, as opposed to PhD programmes, frequently award specialised degrees like the DBA (Doctor of Business Administration) or DEd (Doctor of Education).

Types of PhD

Individual Doctorate - This type of doctorate is designed for those who wish to pursue a research-focused career in academia or research. It allows students to develop their research skills and access the latest research methods and technologies. It also allows them to gain experience working with leading researchers in their field and form professional networks. Most doctoral students follow it.

Structured Doctorate - These programs allow international students to pursue doctoral studies in a familiar format to their home countries while having access to quality education and resources. Moreover, they enable students to pursue their studies with financial support, making education more accessible.

Course Structure - 

Popular PhD Programs and Universities

How to earn a phd in germany.

Step 1 - Identify the research area that interests you and find potential supervisors at universities or research institutions in Germany.

Step 2 - Once you have identified potential supervisors, you should contact them via email to express your interest in pursuing a PhD with them.

Step 3 - Once a supervisor has expressed interest in working with you, you will need to submit a application to the university or research institution.

Step 4 - Interviews are essential to the application for a PhD program in Germany. Applicants may have to attend an in-person or virtual interview.

Step 5 - Germany offers a special visa for international PhD students. This visa grants special rights and privileges, including working part-time and staying in Germany for up to three years. The application fee for a **PhD visa in Germany is 75 EUR. **

Step 6 - The majority of your time will be spent conducting research and writing your thesis. Your thesis will be reviewed by your supervisor and a committee of experts in your field.

Step 7 - Once your thesis is completed, you will defend it in front of your committee in a public examination and if your thesis is accepted, you will be awarded a PhD and can attend a graduation ceremony.

It's worth noting that the process can vary slightly depending on the university or research institution and the specific program.

Generally speaking, doctorate programs in Germany are free or very low-cost . This is because the government heavily subsidizes universities in Germany and doesn't charge tuition fees. Additional expenses, such as books and materials, may be associated with the program, but typically they are minimal. 

Pre-arrival expenses - Pre-arrival expenses for a doctorate in Germany often include visas, health insurance, and travel costs to and from Germany. In addition to these costs, you may also need to pay tuition fees and living costs, such as rent and food. Depending on the university and the type of program you are enrolled in, you may also have to pay for books, materials, and other associated costs. They vary from 1,828 - 1,937 EUR .

Tuition fees - The tuition fees for doctoral programs in Germany differ depending on the institution and program. International students usually get discounts, and in some cases, the tuition fees are waived entirely. Additionally, you might need to pay a semester fee of 300-3,000 EUR per year . However, if you enroll in a PhD program at a public university , you only need to cover your living expenses in Germany.

Cost of living in Germany - The cost of living in Germany for a doctorate student includes rent, food, health insurance, and transportation. Depending on the student's location and lifestyle, living expenses can range from EUR 700 to EUR 1,500 monthly . 

How to Fund your PhD in Germany?

It is imperative to note that funding for doctoral programs in Germany can be competitive , and students are encouraged to apply to multiple funding sources. Additionally, students should research funding opportunities well before their start date. This will ensure they have enough time to use and increase their chances of receiving funding. 

Some funding sources include -

Scholarships - In addition to doctoral programs, many German universities provide scholarships for doctoral students . These scholarships can be funded by the universities themselves or by external organizations. Some popular scholarships include the -

• DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) scholarship , which covers student expenses ranging from 1,760 EUR to 3,000 EUR depending on the program chosen.
• Another well-known scholarship is the Heinrich Böll Foundation scholarship .

Research Assistant Positions - Doctoral students can work as research assistants at their university or research institution. The university or external organizations may fund these positions. Research assistant positions allow students to gain valuable research experience while earning a salary. 

Fellowships - Doctoral students may also apply for** scholarships from external organizations**. These fellowships may be specific to a particular field of study or open to all disciplines. Fellowship programs like the Alexander von Humboldt and Volkswagen Foundation cover expenses of about 3,170 EUR . 

Eligibility Criteria

To be eligible for a PhD in Germany, applicants must have a** Master's degree in a relevant subject**. They must also have** proof of academic excellence and a research proposal outlining** the project they wish to pursue. Additionally, the applicant must secure a supervisor and a university willing to accept them. Further requirements are as follows: 

• A Master's degree from a recognized university
• Minimum grade point average 
• A GRE score of at least 160 is required
• English Proficiency Test scores are TOEFL 88-100 and IELTS 6.5-7.0
• A one-page essay describing your interest in the university and your plans in the field. 
• Two LORs are required. 

Career options post PhD inGermany

Academia - After completing their PhD, many graduates in Germany opt for an academic career, working as professors or researchers at universities, research institutions, and other academic organizations

Average Annual Income - Rs 7.80 Lakhs to 30 Lakhs

Research and Development - PhD holders are also highly sought after in research and development roles in the biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and engineering industries.

Average Annual Income - Rs 6 to 12 Lakhs

Science Communication and Outreach - PhD holders in Germany can also pursue careers in science communication and outreach, working in museums, science centres, or science media organizations. 

Average Annual Income - Rs 4 to 10 LakhS

Post-study Visa Options

Jobseeker Visa - International graduates who have completed their studies in Germany can apply for a job seeker visa, which allows them to stay in the country for up to six months to search for employment. 

Skilled Immigration Visa - International graduates who secure employment in Germany after completing their studies can apply for a skilled immigration visa, which grants them a residence permit for up to four years. 

EU Blue Card - International graduates with a job offer in Germany that meets specific requirements can apply for an EU Blue Card, which provides a fast track to permanent residency there.

Entrepreneur Visa - International graduates who wish to start their own business in Germany can apply for an entrepreneur visa, which allows them to live and work in the country while developing their businesses. 

Researcher Visa - International graduates who wish to pursue research opportunities in Germany can apply for a researcher visa, which allows them to work in research positions for up to five years. 

Frequently Asked Questions

Q.1) can i study my course in english.

Yes. International Degree Courses are taught in English at least in the first semester and cater to students who require improvement in their German language skills before they can pursue their studies entirely in German.

Q.2) What exactly is a 'Studienkolleg'?

'Studienkolleg' is a one-year preparatory course required by individual candidates who wish to study at a German higher education institution. However, more than their school leaving diploma is necessary to apply for a degree program. The course covers full-time education in degree subjects as well as the German language five days a week 

Q.3) What is "Fachhochschulen," and how do they differ from universities?

Universities of Applied Sciences (Fachhochschulen) are a type of German institution and typically offer degree programs for subjects in professional fields such as Engineering and Applied Science. There are also courses in business administration, but to a lesser extent, studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences are rarely offered. 'Fachhochschulen' does not award PhD titles; you must complete a postgraduate course at a university to obtain a PhD. 

Q.4) Will I be allowed to work while studying in Germany?

An international student who is not an Eu or EAA citizen is allowed to work for up to a maximum of 120 days (or 240 half days) in one year.

Do I need a German bank account?

Yes, you should open a German Bank Account if you plan on staying in Germany. You might need a bank account for your salary.  if you plan on getting a part-time job. 

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Recent blogs.

• Higher Education and Research

The way to a doctorate

You would like to get a PhD in Germany? Here you will find attractive programmes for international doctoral students.

Working in a team, following a clear programme and intensive mentoring by several scholars or scientists: if that sounds like a good idea, a structured PhD programme is the right choice for you. Two more pluses: such programmes usually offer an international environment and the language of teaching and working is often English.

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Research training group

In a research training group you are part of a team of doctoral students, post-docs, and scholars or scientists. You carry out research together on a subject, often interdisciplinary and focused on the specialty of the scholar or scientist who is supervising your doctorate.

International research training groups specifically promote scholarly and scientific exchange. During your doctorate work, you conduct research abroad for six months.

Some collaborative research centres of universities operate integrated research training groups . There you can do your PhD in a research-intensive environment in a structured PhD programme.

A survey of research training groups can be found on the DFG website. Applications must be sent to the head of the respective group.

Quick facts

Research schools.

In non-university research institutions, it is almost the rule to participate in structured, largely interdisciplinary doctoral programmes. The Max Planck Society , Helmholtz Association and Leibniz Association have set up research and graduate schools for their doctoral students, which are also open to international doctoral candidates.

Max Planck Schools

The new Max Planck Schools are something special. They are a joint project of universities and the major research organizations of the Max Planck Society, Helmholtz Association, Leibniz Association and Fraunhofer Society. In these international graduate schools, excellent graduates from all over the world work together in a structured doctoral programme with the best scholars and scientists in their fields.

Doctoral programmes and courses of study

Many universities also run special international doctoral programmes that either target specific research topics or support doctoral students with interdisciplinary offerings. These programmes can be found in the DAAD database (in English).

More information and tips can be found at Research in Germany

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Find your PhD position in Germany

Before you start your search ....

Before you start your search you should know that there are different PhD models:

• Individual doctorate  or
• Structured PhD programmes

What's the difference? Check out our  overview of the various ways to do your PhD in Germany  

Find your individual doctorate

The "traditional" or "individual" path to a PhD remains the most common in Germany. An individual doctorate involves a thesis or dissertation that is produced under the  supervision of one professor . This form of PhD study offers a great deal of  flexibility , but demands a high degree of  personal initiative  and responsibility.

How to find your PhD supervisor

In Germany there is no central admissions or selection office for doctoral students. Therefore, your first step is to find a suitable professor who is willing to be your supervisor.

One way to find a supervisor is to look for a university institute that matches your area of research. The following online search engines might help you find a suitable supervisor:

• GERiT – German research institutions GERiT is a website containing information on approximately 29,000 research institutions in Germany. GERiT allows the user to search easily by location or subject. It provides all the information needed to choose an institution at which to research, study or do a doctorate. www.gerit.org
• Finding a PhD position PhDGermany publishes PhD openings in Germany that specifically target international applicants. Accordingly, in most cases the working language is English. Fluent knowledge of German is only required for certain special positions. PhDGermany helps you find the right PhD opening or supervisor for your doctoral thesis and assists you with the online application process. www.phdgermany.de
• Higher Education Compass   This database provides up-to-date information from universities about doctoral opportunities in Germany. The search engine enables you to carry out targeted searches on the basis of departments, admission requirements and form of doctoral thesis. www.higher-education-compass.de

Furthermore,  your contacts with your professors or previous university  could help direct you to a suitable department or potential supervisor in Germany.

It is also helpful to attend  academic conferences  in your own subject area. There you will be able to exchange information and make contacts ­– and perhaps even find a future PhD supervisor.

Find your structured PhD programme

DAAD/Ausserhofer/Himsel

Structured PhD programmes in Germany are frequently very similar to the PhD programmes in English-speaking countries, in which a  team of supervisors  look after a  group of doctoral students . Around 12,000 doctoral students from abroad – roughly one in four – do their PhDs in structured programmes. As a rule, it is possible to complete a doctorate in four to five years.

Where to find your PhD programme

There is no central database of all structured PhD programmes in Germany. You can usually find these programmes directly through the respective universities, graduate schools or non-university research institutions. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) database is also a good place to look. Here you will find a large number of PhD programmes that are specially aimed at international doctoral students.

International doctoral programme database

Are you interested in an international doctoral programme in Germany? This DAAD database presents a selection of roughly 230 international doctoral programmes in Germany. The database can be searched according to different criteria.  www.daad.de/international-programmes 

Doctoral programmes at universities

Many universities offer structured doctoral programmes, which they publicise on their websites. The Student Advisory Service or Graduate Centre at the respective university will also provide help here. You can find the relevant addresses using the Higher Education Compass provided by the German Rectors’ Conference. www.higher-education-compass.de

​​​​​​​DFG-funded research training groups

Research training groups are also funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation, DFG) for a period of up to nine years. Their key emphasis is on the qualification of doctoral researchers within the framework of a focused research programme and a structured training strategy. www.dfg.de > Current Research Training Groups

Helmholtz Research Schools, Colleges and Graduate Schools

The Helmholtz Association is Germany’s largest scientific organisation. In collaboration with various institutions of higher education, Helmholtz Association research centres have established structured PhD programmes under the auspices of Helmholtz Graduate Schools, Helmholtz Research Schools and Colleges.  www.helmholtz.de > PhD Candidates 

Leibniz Graduate Schools

The Leibniz Association connects 97 research institutes that conduct problem-oriented research and provide scientific infrastructure of national and international importance. Together with universities they run structured PhD programmes in Leibniz Graduate Schools. www.leibniz-association.eu > Leibniz Graduate Schools

International Max Planck Research Schools

The Max Planck Society specialises in innovative basic research and its institutes are able to offer up-and-coming researchers excellent infrastructure and support. The website lists the programmes available at International Max Planck Research Schools (IMPRS):  www.mpg.de > International Max Planck Research Schools  

Max Planck Schools

In Germany, the best researchers in a specific field are often work at different universities and non-university research institutions spread throughout the country. The Max Planck Schools serve as hubs which gather this distributed knowledge. Here, the brightest minds in their fields have come together from within the scientific community to interconnect in faculties made up of active researchers. Students gain access to these unique networks, learn in close personal exchange from leaders in their fields and their peers, and enjoy access to outstanding infrastructure. Currently, three Schools are operating in the fields of Cognition, Matter to Life, and Photonics. www.maxplanckschools.de

Where can I find out about requirements?

Application procedures  differ from programme to programme . The precise requirements and deadlines can be found on the website of the respective university, research training group or graduate school. You should therefore first choose a PhD programme and/or graduate school.

You've found the position you want to apply for, but how does applying to a potential supervisor or structured PhD programme work in Germany? Find out more here.

DAAD/Jan Zappner

We help you navigate through the large number of job portals that specialise in openings for academics and scientists. These are some of the sites that may get you started.

DAAD/Uta Konopka

Check out our brochure

Doing a phd in germany (2019, 40 pages).

This booklet for (prospective) international doctoral students presents the different options for doing a doctorate in Germany. It explains the formal requirements and gives some practical advice on finding the right supervisor or doctoral programme. It also outlines different sponsorship and funding options.

FellowshipBard

Phd in germany: cost, scholarships, & admission requirements.

Have you considered pursuing a PhD in Germany? Germany is a popular destination for international students seeking a high-quality education and a vibrant research environment.

Pursuing a PhD in Germany can provide you with a unique opportunity to work with leading researchers in your field, gain valuable experience, and develop your skills.

In this article, we will explore some of the key aspects of pursuing a PhD in Germany, including the application process, funding opportunities, and the research environment.

How Much Does PhD Cost in Germany?

The cost of pursuing a PhD in Germany varies depending on several factors, including the university, the program, and the student’s lifestyle. However, most public universities in Germany offer their doctoral programs at a highly subsidized tuition or even at no tuition cost at all.

The only cost that students may have to pay is a semester fee ranging from 300-3,000 EUR a year. Private universities may charge higher tuition fees, but they are generally more expensive than public universities.

In addition to tuition fees, students will also have to consider the cost of living in Germany, which includes rent, food, transportation, and other expenses. The average cost of living in Germany is around 700-1,100 EUR per month.

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How Many Years is a PhD in Germany?

The duration of a PhD program in Germany typically ranges from 3-5 years. The duration may vary depending on the field of study, the research topic, and the student’s progress. 

Who is Eligible for PhD in Germany? 

To be eligible for a PhD program in Germany, applicants must meet certain requirements. Here are the general eligibility criteria for pursuing a PhD in Germany based on the search results:

• A strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest is a major prerequisite while applying for a PhD in Germany.
• The acknowledged degree for entering doctoral studies in Germany is a Master’s Degree – taken by completing at least eight semesters of your Master studies.
• Extremely well-qualified international applicants with a bachelor’s degree may be admitted as doctoral students via a fast-track program, which will involve taking an entrance exam and perhaps attending an interview.
• Applicants must have a good higher education degree which is equivalent to a German master’s degree.
• Applicants must have a minimum GPA of 80% from a recognized university.
• Applicants must have a valid Curriculum Vitae (CV) that mentions prior work experience, academic pursuits, etc.
• Applicants must demonstrate language proficiency in either English or German. For English, applicants must have an IELTS score of 6.5 and above or TOEFL score of 80 and above.
• For German, applicants may need to prove their proficiency in the language with a test such as DSH-2 or the Goethe certificate C2.

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Do you get paid to do a phd germany.

Yes, PhD students in Germany receive a salary or stipend during their studies.The amount of salary or stipend varies depending on the university, the program, and the student’s experience.

The average stipend for PhD students in Germany is around 24,500 EUR per year (approximately INR 19,53,189 per year). However, some universities may offer higher stipends depending on the field of study and the research topic.

In addition to the stipend, PhD students may also receive other benefits such as health insurance, travel grants, and conference funding.

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What is top 20 universities in germany.

• Technical University of Munich
• Ludwig Maximilians University Munich
• Heidelberg University
• University of Bonn
• University of Gottingen
• University of Freiburg
• Humboldt University of Berlin
• University of Tübingen
• RWTH Aachen University
• University of Hamburg
• University of Cologne
• University of Stuttgart
• University of Frankfurt
• University of Erlangen-Nuremberg
• University of Würzburg
• University of Konstanz
• University of Mannheim
• University of Bremen
• University of Münster
• University of Duisburg-Essen

Looking For Funded PhD Programs? Click Here

What is top 10 phd scholarships in germany.

Here are some of the top PhD scholarships available for international students in Germany based on the search results:

• DAAD Scholarship (German Academic Exchange Service)
• Helmholtz Research Scholarship
• Alexander Von Humboldt Foundation Scholarships
• Heinrich Böll Foundation Scholarships
• Friedrich Ebert Foundation Scholarships
• Konrad Adenauer Foundation Scholarships
• Rosa Luxemburg Foundation Scholarships
• Hans Böckler Foundation Scholarships
• Max Planck Society Scholarships
• Einstein International Postdoctoral Fellowship

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How to apply for a phd in the germany.

1. Find a suitable PhD program and a supervisor: The first step is to find a PhD program that matches your academic and career goals. You can search for programs on the university websites or other online platforms. Once you have identified a program, you need to find a supervisor who can guide you through your research.

2. Check the eligibility criteria: Before applying, you need to check the eligibility criteria for the program. The criteria may vary depending on the university and the program. Generally, you need to have a strong research-oriented master’s degree in a relevant field of interest, a valid Curriculum Vitae (CV), and language proficiency in either English or German.

3. Prepare the application documents: The application documents may include a CV, a copy of your degree certificate, a brief description of your doctoral research, language proficiency certificates, and letters of recommendation. You may also need to submit a research proposal, a statement of purpose, and a writing sample.

4. Submit the application: Once you have prepared the application documents, you can submit them online or by mail. The application process may involve multiple stages, and the timeline may vary depending on the program.

5. Wait for the response: After submitting the application, you need to wait for the response from the university. If your application is accepted, you will receive a confirmation letter from the university. You can use this letter to apply for a German student visa.

What is PhD Application materials in Germany?

The application materials required for a PhD program in Germany may vary depending on the university and the program. However, common application materials required:

1. Curriculum Vitae (CV): A detailed CV that mentions prior work experience, academic pursuits, research interests, and other relevant information.

2. Degree certificate: A copy of your degree certificate that proves you have completed a master’s degree or equivalent. Research proposal: A brief description of your doctoral research, including the research question, methodology, and expected outcomes.

3. Statement of Purpose (SOP): A statement that explains your motivation for pursuing a PhD, your academic and career goals, and how the PhD program aligns with your goals.

4. Language proficiency certificates: Proof of language proficiency in either English or German. For English, applicants must have an IELTS score of 6.5 and above or TOEFL score of 80 and above. For German, applicants may need to prove their proficiency in the language with a test such as DSH-2 or the Goethe certificate C2.

5. Letters of Recommendation (LOR): Letters of recommendation from professors or employers who can attest to your academic and research abilities.

6. Aptitude scores: Some universities may require aptitude scores like GRE or GMAT.

7. Exposé of the dissertation project: A detailed description of the dissertation project.

Can I work while doing PhD in Germany?

Yes, it is possible to work while doing a PhD in Germany. PhD students in Germany can work as research associates at their universities, which is usually a part-time job. The research associate job description includes research, teaching, and administrative duties. PhD students can also work outside the university.

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• Invest Time and Effort: Embark on an exhaustive quest to unearth the ideal program that aligns with your aspirations and research interests.
• Topic Alignment: Opt for a thesis topic that resonates with the program’s essence, creating a seamless tapestry between your research and the program’s offerings.
• Clarity of Purpose: Illuminate your objectives. Clearly convey what you intend to achieve through the program, establishing a roadmap for your academic journey.
• Exude Enthusiasm: Radiate your passion by showcasing your understanding of the doctoral program and your anticipation of its challenges and rewards.
• Succinct Communication: Your covering letter is pivotal. Precision and conciseness ensure your message is impactful and resonates with the admissions committee.
• Concise Detailing: Unveil your insights and intentions succinctly. Navigate the balance between depth and brevity to make every word count.

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Information about the PhDGermany database

You graduated and want to do a doctorate?

German universities and research organisations are always looking for qualified doctoral students from abroad. PhDGermany publishes PhD position offers in Germany that specifically target international applicants.

What are your benefits of using PhDGermany?

• Open PhD positions all over Germany in a single database
• Detailed information clearly arranged
• All necessary information to contact the offering party directly
• Type of Position
• Field of Research
• Working Language
• Alphabetically
• Application Deadline
• Starting Date
• Published (standard)

Go on with the  PhDGermany database .

You need further information about doing a PhD in Germany?

On  Research in Germany > PhD  you will find information about

• Why pursue a doctorate in Germany
• Language and Requirements
• Financing and Funding
• FAQ – Doing a doctorate in Germany (PDF)

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