higher education accreditation in the philippines a literature review

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Higher education accreditation in the Philippines: A literature review

2013 IJRSM – Volume 2 Issue 1

Ching, Gregory S.* Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC ( [email protected] ) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9148-0019

This paper discusses the historical perspective, rationales, implications, different types and processes that undergoes in the accreditation of private higher educational institutions in the Philippines. As a result, higher education accreditation in the Philippines is centered on four key result areas, namely: quality of teaching and research, support for students, relations with the community, and management of resources.

Keywords : accreditation; higher education; Philippines; institutional performance; outcome-based evaluation

DOI : https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2012.162

*Corresponding Author

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• Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS), Philippines
• PIDS Discussion Paper Series, Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS)

A Review of the Accreditation System for Philippine Higher Education Institutions 

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A review of the accreditation system for philippine higher education institutions.

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• higher education and governance

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• Philippines

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Higher education institutions (HEIs) play a vital role in preparing a country to be globally competitive through the skilled human capital resources it produces. The task is daunting as the institution has to constantly check itself against the standards in place and keep itself abreast of the latest demands of the labor market. This involves investing in a considerable amount of resources to develop its faculty, research, and facilities. A slightly different story may be observed in the case of the Philippines as the quality of several higher education institutions has deteriorated over time – as manifested in the quality of their graduates, among others.

For any developing country, improving the quality of higher education institutions is of paramount interest of government agencies especially the Commission on Higher Education. Several reforms have taken place and one of the initiatives being done is rationalizing the structure of public higher education and improving the budget to ensure resource mobilization and cost efficiency. Despite these efforts, there are several issues that need to be addressed and one is the voluntary nature of the accreditation system. Another related issue to this is the number of multiple agencies catering to the accreditation of the various higher education institutions.

This paper reviewed the existing accreditation processes and roles of accrediting bodies to present a clearer perspective on the current situation of higher education institutions. Similar to other countries in the region, the accreditation process in the country is initiated by the private sector and is also voluntary which adheres to the nature of the academe. Though it is a way of fostering academic freedom and motivating some institutions to compete, this could result in complacency in others. Policy implications include reshaping the institution in terms of keeping an accreditation mechanism built into the system such as a quality assurance framework.

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Higher Education in Philippines

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• Roger Y. Chao Jr. 3  

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This chapter presents an overview of the current state of the higher education sector in the Philippines. It also highlights key challenges, including access, inclusion and equity, and quality of higher education. Inequitable and inadequate household income issues bring about the abovementioned challenges, the lack and poor implementation of laws and policies for inclusion and equity, the profit-seeking nature of nonsectarian private higher education institutions, and the varying quality of higher education institutions and programs. Recent developments in the sector include the Universal Tertiary Education Act of 2017 (granting free tuition and miscellaneous fees for first-degree students studying at public higher education institutions), ongoing international benchmarking (with the shift to outcomes-based competency standards), and multistakeholder participation in developing minimum curriculum standards. Such initiatives have partly addressed access, quality, and relevance issues in Philippine higher education. The Government’s role through the Commission on Higher Education and the alignment of the higher education sector with the Philippine Development Goals and international commitments, including the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Goals, are presented. The key trends in Philippine higher education include an increased focus on the internationalization of higher education, enhancing global and regional partnerships, and the shift to outcomes-based competency standards. The utilization of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), which the COVID-19 pandemic has accentuated, is also discussed.

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Chao, R.Y. (2023). Higher Education in Philippines. In: Symaco, L.P., Hayden, M. (eds) International Handbook on Education in South East Asia. Springer International Handbooks of Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8136-3_7-3

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Philippine Quality Assurance Mechanisms in Higher Education towards Internationalization

Measuring one's capability to promote excellence is an enduring process to meet certain standards of evaluation wherein specific level of quality is determined to provide substantial information for the intended community and global market. This study on quality assurance of higher educational institutions explores the significance of local accreditations and certifications from government and private agencies to acquire international level of specialized accreditation and recognition from foreign regulation authorities. Any Quality Assurance mechanisms either locally or internationally recognized that is being utilized and adopted by the HEIs must reflect on the quality of their graduates which is one way of measuring the performance of an institution. HEIs of most developed countries are sustaining various program accreditations for strong collaboration among the academe and industries in their respective regions and to attract more foreign students as they adopted international standards and qualification frameworks for the graduates. It is nearly one (1) percent only of the market share of international students in the world chose to study in the Philippines. It is recommended that strengthening the degree program through QS World University Ranking by Subject must be the focus of the marketing strategy of the HEIs rather than promoting the institution as a whole. International recognition of the program by subject could somehow uplift the credibility of the institution in the world market. Introducing the degree programs in international arena is a little bit easier strategy to be recognized than bringing the entire university in the big picture which is quite difficult to assume good results. Achieving excellence is a never ending process of improving the quality of products and services which is bounded by measures of unobtainable goal of perfection.

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For any developing country, improving the quality of higher education institutions is of paramount interest to government agencies especially the Commission on Higher Education. Several reforms have taken place and that one of the initiatives being done is rationalizing the structure of public higher education and improving the budget to ensure resource mobilization and cost efficiency. Despite these efforts, there are several issues that need to be addressed and one is the voluntary nature of the accreditation system. Another related issue is the number of multiple agencies catering to the accreditation of the various higher education institutions. This paper reviews the existing accreditation processes and roles of accrediting bodies to present a clearer perspective on the current situation of higher education institutions. Similar to other countries in the region, the accreditation process in the country is initiated by the private sector and is also voluntary, which adheres to t...

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