university of nottingham phd thesis template

University of Nottingham PhD Thesis Template

This template is adapted from the previous template I wrote in 2017: University of Nottingham Thesis and Dissertation Template

The current one includes more sample scripts in Chapter 4 Main Chapter, demonstrating the use of figures, tables, lists (for Research Questions and Hypotheses, etc.), equations, and PDF appendix in the Appendices chapter.

This one is specifically shaped for a PhD thesis submission.

Please double check with your faculty's thesis submission guideline.

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University of Nottingham PhD Thesis Template

This template is adapted from the previous template I wrote in 2017: University of Nottingham Thesis and Dissertation Template

The current one includes more sample scripts in Chapter 4 Main Chapter, demonstrating the use of figures, tables, lists (for Research Questions and Hypotheses, etc.), equations, and PDF appendix in the Appendices chapter.

This one is specifically shaped for a PhD thesis submission.

Please double check with your faculty's thesis submission guideline.

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University of Nottingham PhD Thesis Template

This template is adapted from the previous template I wrote in 2017: University of Nottingham Thesis and Dissertation Template

The current one includes more sample scripts in Chapter 4 Main Chapter, demonstrating the use of figures, tables, lists (for Research Questions and Hypotheses, etc.), equations, and PDF appendix in the Appendices chapter.

This one is specifically shaped for a PhD thesis submission.

Please double check with your faculty's thesis submission guideline.

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Repo template for PhD theses at the University of Nottingham

nottsknight/uon-thesis-template

Folders and files, repository files navigation, uon thesis template, included packages.

The uon-thesis package included at the start of the main template includes the following packages:

• libertine to provide the Libertine and Biolinum fonts in both Type 1 and OTF styles
• zi4 preferred by the ACM for typewriter text - based on inconsolata
• fontenc and inputenc to ensure proper handling of encoded text
• csquotes for proper formatting of quotations
• fancyvrb for flexible handling of verbatim text
• graphicx to allow including images
• geometry to set the page margins
• hyperref to make citations and references in the resulting PDF clickable
• hypdoc to add hypertext features to the doc package
• pdflscape to allow insertion of landscape pages
• tocbibind to allow customisation of the table of contents
• booktabs to provide styling
• caption and subcaption to allow subfigures and subtables
• tabularx to allow more flexibility in table definitions
• array to extend the options for column formats, and provide “programmable” format specifications
• longtable to write tables that continue to the next page
• biblatex allows for more flexible presentation and organisation of bibliographies
• newtxmath preferred by the ACM to provide a full fledged set of math symbols
• subfiles to allow individual chapters, etc. to be built as separate documents or included in the main document

New commands

• \etal prints et al. with correct italicisation and spelling

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University of Nottingham PhD Thesis Template

This template is adapted from the previous template I wrote in 2017: University of Nottingham Thesis and Dissertation Template

The current one includes more sample scripts in Chapter 4 Main Chapter, demonstrating the use of figures, tables, lists (for Research Questions and Hypotheses, etc.), equations, and PDF appendix in the Appendices chapter.

This one is specifically shaped for a PhD thesis submission.

Please double check with your faculty's thesis submission guideline.

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University of Nottingham

Approved by publishing and review experts on SciSpace, this template is built as per for University of Nottingham Thesis formatting guidelines as mentioned in University of Nottingham author instructions. The current version was created on and has been used by 695 authors to write and format their manuscripts to this journal.

SciSpace is a very innovative solution to the formatting problem and existing providers, such as Mendeley or Word did not really evolve in recent years.

- Andreas Frutiger, Researcher, ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomedical Engineering

(Before submission check for plagiarism via Turnitin)

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Speed and accuracy over ms word.

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Time taken to format a paper and Compliance with guidelines

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Yes, the template is compliant with the University of Nottingham Thesis guidelines. Our experts at SciSpace ensure that. If there are any changes to the journal's guidelines, we'll change our algorithm accordingly.

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SciSpace's University of Nottingham Thesis is currently available as an online tool. We're developing a desktop version, too. You can request (or upvote) any features that you think would be helpful for you and other researchers in the "feature request" section of your account once you've signed up with us.

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To be honest, the answer is no. The impact factor is one of the many elements that determine the quality of a journal. Few of these factors include review board, rejection rates, frequency of inclusion in indexes, and Eigenfactor. You need to assess all these factors before you make your final call.

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• Pre-prints as being the version of the paper before peer review and
• Post-prints as being the version of the paper after peer-review, with revisions having been made.

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How To Write a Research Proposal for PhD (Tips & Guide 2024)

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Dr Kin Boon TANG Director of PhD Programme

email: [email protected]

Research proposal tips: How to write a research proposal?

A typical research proposal will be somewhere between 1,000-2,000 words. While we do not insist on a definite format for admission onto the doctoral programme, we encourage students to keep the following in mind while writing a PhD research proposal:

The introduction

The proposal should begin by explaining the subject area in which the research is to be located and providing an indication of the key theoretical, policy or empirical debates it plans to address.

Review of literature

The proposal should then present a brief review of the literature you plan to contribute to in conducting your own research. You need to demonstrate a familiarity with the relevant academic literature and theories relating to your research proposal, and an awareness of the major lines of argument that have been developed in your chosen research field. You then need to discuss the research questions you plan to address.

Be as specific and focused as possible

Motivation for pursuing the topic

Research methods

Empirical research

Most doctoral work involves empirical research. The successful completion of doctoral work in the time allotted thus often depends on the ability to obtain the data needed. If your proposed research involves empirical work you should provide an indication of how you might collect any relevant data.

Feasibility of data collection

You should give special attention to the feasibility of data collection. Your proposal may contain interesting and highly relevant research questions, and it may be well grounded in the literature, but it may not be a practical research enterprise. You must balance the scope of your proposal against the practical problems of data gathering.

Contributions and practical implications

Presentation and writing style

Room for change?

Common mistakes to avoid when writing a research proposal

Vague objectives.

One of the most common mistakes is not clearly defining the objectives of your research. Your objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

Lack of literature review

A research proposal without a comprehensive literature review may seem uninformed. The literature review demonstrates your familiarity with existing work in the field and how your research will contribute to it.

Poorly defined research methodology

Your research methodology should be clearly defined and appropriate for your research question. A common mistake is not adequately explaining why the chosen methodology is suitable and how it will be implemented.

Unrealistic scope

It's important to ensure that your research proposal is realistic and manageable. A common mistake is proposing a project that is too broad or ambitious for the time and resources available.

Ignoring ethical considerations

Inadequate attention to practical implications.

Research is not just about theory. Your proposal should clearly state the practical implications and potential applications of your research.

Poor presentation

Even if your research idea is sound, poor spelling, grammar, and formatting can create a negative impression. Be sure to proofread your proposal and adhere to any formatting guidelines.

Not following guidelines

Each institution or funding body has its own guidelines for research proposals. Failing to follow these can lead to your proposal being rejected. Always ensure you understand and adhere to these guidelines.

What is the ideal length for a research proposal? 

The ideal length of a research proposal can vary depending on the requirements of the specific programme. However, a typical research proposal is usually between 1,000-2,000 words.

Can I change my research topic after the proposal has been accepted? 

Changes to the research topic after the proposal has been accepted are generally discouraged as it may affect the scope and direction of your research. However, minor adjustments may be permissible with the approval of your supervisor.

What kind of support is available to me as I write my research proposal? 

At UNM, you are always free to ask for any required guidance from your supervisor, attend workshops or seminars offered by the university, and make use of resources available in the library or online. You may also ask for feedback from peers or academic advisors.

What are the most common reasons for a proposal being rejected?

Common reasons for a proposal being rejected include a lack of clear objectives, a poorly defined research methodology, unrealistic scope, ignoring ethical considerations, inadequate attention to practical implications, poor presentation, and not following guidelines.

How detailed should the methodology section of the proposal be? 

The methodology section should ideally be detailed enough to demonstrate that you have a clear and feasible plan for conducting your research. Additionally, it should explain what methods you will use, why these methods are suitable, and how you plan to implement them.

What happens if my proposal is not accepted? Can I resubmit it? 

If your proposal is not accepted, you will typically receive feedback on why it was rejected. You can use this feedback to improve your proposal and resubmit it. However, do check with your specific programme for policies on resubmission.

Who should I contact if I have questions during the proposal writing process? 

If you have questions during the proposal writing process, you may want to reach out to your supervisor or advisor. 

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Guidance from Quality Handbook :

• Producing your thesis
• Submitting your thesis
• Permission to Deposit Thesis Form
• Permission to Deposit Thesis - Guidance
• Declaration of authorship form
• Submission of a Research Paper PhD Thesis: Guidance
• Intention to submit research thesis form

There are also examples of the thesis title and abstract pages in submission and completion section of the Quality Handbook . 

Data Management Plan for your PhD

Data Management Plans for Doctoral Students (Blackboard Course)

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For open access and institutional repository enquiries [email protected]

For research data management queries please email [email protected]

Need further help? Use our L ibrary Research Skills support service   

Thesis Templates

The University provides templates in Word and LateX which meet the requirements set out in the Regulations.  

Training : iSolutions also offer sessions on using Word to work with text, graphics and page layout in your thesis and turning your thesis into a PDF/A. The full course schedule and booking links can be found in the PGR Development Hub

Word or LaTeX?

LaTeX is extensively used by engineers and scientists because it handles maths and equations brilliantly, and by linguists because it can cope with multiple (and obscure) languages.  The University now offers Professional Accounts via Overleaf. Sign up for an account via the University of Southampton portal .

Word is the most widely used word processing software in the university. Unless you will be including lots of special character sets or equations, we would recommend using Word.

Whole thesis template

Use this to produce the whole thesis in one long Word document. It contains all of the required sections from title page to bibliography, with refreshable Tables of Contents, Table of Figures and Table of Tables.

• Word template help
• Always  use in conjunction with the Quality Handbook Producing your thesis guidance

Separate Chapter, Front Matter & End Matter templates for Word & Mac

If you don’t wish use the whole document template then use these to create each chapter of the thesis and the front matter. It comes ready made with usable styles that meet the University’s thesis Guidance requirements

• Chapter template for Word 2007 /2010 /2013 /2016 (PC) or 2008 /2011 /2016 (Mac)
• Front matter template for Word 2007 /2010 /2013 /2016 (PC) or 2008 /2011 /2016 (Mac)
• End Matter for Word 2007 /2010 /2013 /2016 (PC) or 2008 /2011 /2016 (Mac)

Copyright Statement coversheet

All e-theses require the University thesis copyright statement  is included in front of the main title page in the final e-version submitted.  The wording of the statement should not be altered in any way. 

The Word template (PC or Mac) above has the statement included but earlier versions did not. Should the statement be missing from your file it should be:

• added before creating the final pdf version 
• located in front of the main title page using the document below 
• should not be included in the numbering of the thesis.

LaTeX templates currently do not include instruction on how to add the statement so it will need it to be added individually as a single double-sided page. Alternatively, add the pdf version into your final pdf file using Adobe Acrobat Pro.

The statement is not required in the print copies submitted for examination or as a final copy.

• Thesis Copyright Statement Thesis copyright statement cover sheet
• Thesis Copyright Statement PDF version of the thesis copyright statement to be included in every thesis

The following guides outline how this can be done in Word documents. 

• Adding copyright statement in Word (PC) Guide to adding the statement in Word on a PC
• Adding copyright statement in Word (Mac) Guide to adding the statement in Word on a Mac

Visual guides are also available on YouTube:

Print & e-thesis equivalence

University Regulations do not state that e-theses must be directly equivalent to paper versions so your e-thesis could, if desired and your Faculty agrees, include 3-d models, audio or video files, or you could move commercially sensitive or third-party copyright material to a separate appendix which could be restricted.

The e-thesis should normally be submitted as a single PDF file or other format as agreed by the main supervisor. Where there are appendices containing restricted material these should be submitted a separate file.

The electronic copy must include all front material (title page, abstract, acknowledgements, table of contents etc) but should not include a scan of the signature under the declaration of authorship.

Please note: During the Covid-19 pandemic if you want to submit an enhanced ethesis PDF,  you must also provide must provide a PDF copy of your thesis which is exactly the same as the printed, examined version and is an accessible and archival PDF, PDF/A-3.. See our practical tips for deposit during Covid-19 for more information.

Using UoS Thesis Templates

iSolutions have created a training guide to introduce the Word template for theses and show you how to use a range of useful Word features to make creating and working with your thesis easier. These also direct you to relevant LinkedIn Learning.com videos on the use of features in Word.

• Thesis guidance 

iSolutions also offer sessions on using Word to work with text, graphics and page layout in your thesis. The full course schedule and booking links can be found in the PGR Development Hub

LaTeX Templates

Support for the use of LaTeX can be found on the Overleaf website . LaTeX is  also supported by a wide online community - see LaTeX Project .

How to make sure your thesis is an archival PDF/A

Your final University e-thesis must submitted in an accessible and archival format so that it will be readible in years to come, currently this format is PDF/A-3 .

• Mac users If you are using Word for Mac then start by using the Save As PDF facility. This produces a really good baseline file to continue working on in Adobe Acrobat Pro DC. If for any reason you are not happy with the output as this process, then try converting the file by using Adobe Acrobat Pro's own 'Create a PDF from'. If you are still not happy with the result then contact serviceline to discuss other options.
• PC users For PC users the Adobe Acrobat Pro DC facility will produce the best output. You'll find the steps below under the heading  Create the PDF for PC  below.
• LaTeX to PDF/A-3 If you are using Overleaf, the automatic pdf conversion will be create a PDF/A file. Overleaf have created instructions on how to make sure your LaTeX PDF conforms to the archival standards . Please note we would prefer that you chose a-3b (propritising display) or a-3u (prioritising searchability) rather than a-1b. You may find the following paper helpful: Moore, R. (2014). PDF/A-3u as an Archival Format for Accessible Mathematics . In: Watt, S.M., Davenport, J.H., Sexton, A.P., Sojka, P., Urban, J. (eds) Intelligent Computer Mathematics. CICM 2014. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 8543. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08434-3_14 , also available as an ArXiv pre-print .

Checking you PDF/A accessibility: You can check how well your PDF meets the PDF/A accessibility standards using the Abode Acrobat Pro preflight checker and the accessibility checker .

How to download Abode Acrobat Pro: Details of how to access or download Adobe Acrobat Pro DC can be found at iSolutions' How to install Adobe Acrobat DC Advice page .

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• Last Updated: Mar 13, 2024 2:04 PM
• URL: https://library.soton.ac.uk/thesis

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Writing a thesis

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• Using extracts for criticism, review or quotation

You can include limited extracts of a copyright work in your thesis for the purposes of criticism, review or quotation under an exception to UK Copyright law.

This exception cover two distinct uses:

• Criticism or review - allows the use of short extracts or quotations for the purpose of critique or review.  Use must be genuinely for this purpose and not for illustrative or enhancement purposes.
• Quotation - allows the use of quotations for purposes other than criticism and review.  The length of a quote should not be more than is needed for the specific purpose of use. 

You can copy from all types of copyright works as long as they have been made available to the public e.g. published. Fair dealing applies to how much you can copy and you must acknowledge the source.

What is a 'fair' amount will vary with circumstances. Read our guidance on fair dealing for more help. 

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• Copying for examination

Another exception to UK Copyright law, Illustration for instruction , allows copying for the purposes of examination. This includes the incorporation of materials in Masters dissertations, or PhD theses, that count towards a final examination mark.

So you can copy material (e.g. photographs, tables, diagrams etc.) to include in your thesis or as appendices to it. Any copying is again subject to  fair dealing , so you may only copy short extracts that are 'fair'. Any such copying must always clearly acknowledge the source.

This exception only covers your work up to examination (for example, the process of assessment of a PhD thesis), but not beyond. So if you are going to subsequently make your work public, e.g. deposit it in an open access repository (e.g. University eTheses service ), or publish it, you cannot rely on this exception. If appropriate, it would be better to rely on the criticism, review, or quotation exceptions. Failing this, you should try to substitute open licensed materials, or seek permission from the rights holder.

• How else can you lawfully incorporate copyright material?

If the proportion of a work that you want to include is more than what is 'fair dealing', or your intended use is not covered by the exceptions already mentioned, then you could:

• use open licensed materials which may allow some copying and reuse without seeking permission e.g. Creative Commons licences, Open Government licence.
• seek permission from the rights holder.
• Referencing

When you include copyright material in your assessed work, you should always acknowledge the source by fully referencing it. This is also a condition of relying on any of the fair dealing exceptions to UK Copyright law already mentioned.

If you do not do this, you may be accused of academic plagiarism, as well as infringing copyright. Copyright is distinct from, but relates to, considerations of academic plagiarism.

See the guides on Avoiding Plagiarism and Referencing and Citing for help in acknowledging the sources you use.

Top of the page  

Self - plagarism

Self-plagiarism occurs where you present your own previously used or published work as novel and original. Within a learning context, this can also be referred to as ‘recycling’ - multiple submissions of the same work. This is unlikely to be academically appropriate – for more information see the Academic integrity and misconduct webpage or talk to your supervisor.  

It can be appropriate to reuse a reasonable portion of content from a thesis in a journal article or other form of publication (and vice versa). You should discuss the suitability of this with your supervisor.  

Your research can be published in the following ways: 

In your thesis, deposited and made openly available with UoN Libraries’ eTheses repository ,  

In sections or in full via a third party publisher, e.g. a published book, or journal article. 

When publishing, you must consider aspects of copyright. Copyright is distinct from, but relates to, considerations of academic plagiarism. 

If publishing during your PhD, with the intention of then using all or some of the same material within your thesis, you will need to ensure you have sufficient permissions to publish that content. Unless a contract states otherwise, PhD students own the copyright in their work. If you publish this research, in for example, a journal this may involve signing an agreement that will typically shift rights from the author to the publisher.  

If reusing small amounts, your own existing work must be cited fully in the new work - the requirement to cite isn’t limited to referring to the work of others. If reusing larger amounts, you would need to have permission to do so, either by ensuring your contract includes a clause for reuse of content for thesis publication or seeking permission from the publisher separately.  

• Copyright in your work

You will normally own the copyright in your work. An exception might arise where pre-existing agreement allocates copyright to another party (for example, if you or a project you have worked on is sponsored or funded by an external organisation).

The University of Nottingham provides guidance on Intellectual Property Rights for Students and Graduates .

Archiving your thesis

University of Nottingham regulations for doctoral students stipulate that they must upload the final version of their thesis to the University's eTheses service repository. This will be archived as a record of the work which has been examined, including any academically necessary corrections.

Once the degree has been conferred, the thesis will be published open access unless:

• The content contains material that is confidential or infringes third party copyright
• A restriction has been applied for due to time-limited confidentiality issues.
• An embargo had been requested, for example to facilitate external publication.

Where you have made use of material that infringes copyright, or the thesis contains material that is confidential, you will need to submit a second version that excludes this content.

For further help see our:  Copyright and intellectual property guidance for electronic thesis submission

More advice:

• Copyright and research

Copyright home

On this  page

• Submitting your thesis

Related reading

• Copyright and IP guidance for electronic thesis submission
• Deposit guide for eTheses
• eTheses service
• Open licences
• Seeking permission

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