speech community meaning in urdu

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V SPEECH COMMUNITY

Language contact, code mixing, code switching.

In multilingual society, speaker is bound to use the alternative use of languages, i.e. sometime we use one language and sometimes another language. Sometimes we use second language in its entirety or in part and this is called alternative use of languages. Code switching is a phenomenon of a multilingual society and it can be defined as alternative use of different languages (or two codes), either in entirety or in parts, beyond the sentential level. Along with code switching is code mixing. Maī kəl Delhi jārahā hũ, Are you also going to Delhi.

Code mixing is the phenomenon which occurs when the speaker mixes lexicons from the other language within the same sentence.

Urdu is a mixed language as indicated by its old name ‘Rekhta’ – the mixed one. Urdu took its shape in the region of the Punjab and Delhi during the Ghaznawī and the early Sultanate period when the first mingling of the Hindu-Muslim cultures occurred causing a productive intermixture of Persian, Turkish and Arabic languages with Prakrits – the Apabhramsha of the Punjab and the Khari Boli of Delhi and Merrut areas in northern India. Gradually it attained a literary status in the south before it was employed by the writers in the North, and in the course of time it became popular during the post-Aurengzeb period in the beginning of the 18th century. Then the center shifted from Delhi to Lucknow and other places till in 1800 A.D. the Fort William College was established by the British at Calcutta. Here deliberate attempts were made to simplify the language under the name of Hindūstānī, which encouraged a revival of interest in secular, non-communal and local aspects of its literature. In the course of centuries, Urdu borrowed thousands of words and phrases from Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Hindi as it did also from European languages. According to Farhang-e-āsafiyah (the first great Urdu dictionary by Maulvi Sayyid Ahmad of Delhi), there are about 73% words of Indian origin in Urdu, 26% words are of Arabic, Persian and Turkish origin, and approximately 1% words have been borrowed from different European languages. However, the number of borrowed words is increasing with time.

The Muslims came to India as conquerors in the twelfth century and introduced Persian and Turkish as their court languages. The Turkish rulers took some time to get acquainted with this new country and its people. Once their supremacy was established they showed a keen interest in the field of languages and literatures too. They started learning Sanskrit and other Prakrit bhāshas, whereas Hindus concentrated on mastering Persian, the official and court language of the rulers. Because of this extraordinary situation a hybrid form of speech by Hindus and Muslims in the bazaars, with sprinkling of Arabic, Persian and Turkish works, came into existence. The political work, like Khaliq Bari in which one line runs in Persian and one in Hindi, was the outcome of the necessity of the common people. The following examples are probably of that historical process, when Urdu was still in the early stage of formation. For example:

In the above compound words, one word is of Hindi and the other is of Persian or Arabic origin, bearing the same meaning. This process of cultural exchange became more stabilized during the Mughal period. In those times it was indispensable to get acquainted with the new Perso-Mughal culture and to acquire some working knowledge of Persian and Turkish languages. The native Indians had to integrate a lot of foreign names into their own language.

Urdu has borrowed many words from Turkish, for example:

The suffix /ci/ is common in Turkish words which is mostly used to denote the profession of a person:

Persian and Arabic words have greatly enriched Urdu language. The following are some of the examples of words which were once borrowed from Persian and Arabic, but their frequent use in Urdu, during the last three centuries have completely eliminated their foreign character. They are as familiar to Urdu speaking people as other words of Indian origin.

1. Flowers and Fruits:

2. clothes, dresses, bed covers :, 4. eating utensils:, 5. articles for decoration and comfort :, 6. writing materials:, 7. ornaments :, 8. coins and calculation :, 9. musical instruments :, 10. building and architecture :, 11. military profession and weapons :, 12. marriage :, 13. burial and interment :, 14. miscellaneous words :.

Urdu has got a number of compound words, and the compound word formation in Urdu is typically in correspondance with the other Indo- Aryan languages. Compound words in Urdu which are in use are of six different categories:

Category-I : The compounds in which Urdu words are mixed with Hindi words.

Category -II: The compounds in which Persian words are mixed with Persian words:

Category -III: The compound words in which Arabic words are mixed with Arabic words:

Category –IV: The compounds where Urdu words are mixed with Persian words:

Category –V: The compounds where Urdu words are mixed with Arabic words:

Category –VI: The compounds where Persian words are mixed with Arabic words:

There are some complicated words of foreign origin which have been taken into Urdu, but they were subject to modification according to the convenience of the speakers.

As regards the change and modification of Arabic words and Persian words in Urdu, they can be roughly divided into two types.

Words which have changed their outer form to some extent but retained the original meaning

Words which have retained their original form, but their meaning is absolutely altered in Urdu:

In addition to Turkish, Persian and Arabic words, Urdu has borrowed many words from Non-Asian languages too. The year 1498 is not only important in the political history of India because of the Portuguese arrival at Calicut under the command of Vasco de Gama, but is also very important in the commercial, cultural, religious and linguistic fields. By 1540, the Portuguese had firmly established themselves in the chief ports of India and became the leading traders in the East. During the seventeenth and eighteenth century, Portuguese became the ‘lingua france’ of a great part of India and conferred a benefit on Urdu by contributing new words and enriching its vocabulary.

Some of the examples of Portuguese words which have been taken in Urdu are :-

After the decline of Portuguese power, the Dutch and the French East India company played an important role for some time in India. By 1751 the French were recognized as a rising power from Hyderabad to Cape Comorin. As a result of close contact between French diplomats and military officers with Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan of Mysore, Nizam of Hyderabad and other princely rulers of India, many French words were inducted in Urdu vocabulary. For example

Language does not exist in a vaccum. It is the means for communication within a group of people, with a certain political and economic system, Genetic relationship may really be due to areal diffusion. If two languages are in contact some of the speakers of each language having the degree of competence in the other language are likely to borrow lexemes, grammatical categories and techniques and some grammatical forms, and gradually become more similar.

If two or more languages are spoken in geographically contiguous area which contains no physical or social impediments to cross cultural communication there will in each language community be a degree of bi multilingualism. A number of linguistic traits will diffuse from language to language until each applies across a considerable region within a geographical area, some times across the whole area. Each language has two possible kinds of similarities with other languages-genetic similarities, which are shared inheritances from a common, proto- language, and areal similarities, which are due to borrowing from geographical neighbours. If the languages from each family were scattered over the area, rather than each being in a solid block then it might be possible to distinguish genetic from areal similarities.

It is important to note that a linguistic area would not accept each diffused feature to have spread into every language. Rather, each feature would have its own distribution over most of the languages with in a certain region with in the area; it is the superimposition of these individual distinctions that establishes the area as a whole.

What can Diffuse:

It is probably true to say that any aspect of human culture can be borrowed from one community to another. Sapir (1921: 205) said “we know that myths, religious ideas, types of social organization, industrial devices, and other features of culture may spread from point to point, gradually making themselves at home in cultures to which they were at one time alien.” To this list we can add songs, ceremonies, political systems, marriage rules, the domestication of animals, and agriculture.

Language, as a cultural trait, is eminently open to diffusion. Diffusion of features may tend to vary a good deal from one linguistic situation to another. Although a great deal of research is needed to know which sorts of features are borrowed and under what circumstances, it is possible to put forward some tentative generalisations.

(a) Phonetics and Phonology:

People naturally tend to accommodate their pronunciation with those with whom they interact and this can extend to the creation of new phonological contrasts.

Prosodic and secondary contrasts such as tone, glottalization, nasalisation will typically diffuse. In most cases a new contrast will arise- to copy something that occurs in a neighbouring language- by internal change, rather than through the borrowing forms.

(b) Lexemes:

The names in a contact language for a new tool or animal or idea may get borrowed from one language to an other. This is called lexical borrowing. Another kind of borrowing stems from the custom in some societies of tabooing the name of a dead person, and also vocabulary items that have a similar form to this name; these are often replaced by a lexeme from a neighbouring language.

The conditions for lexical borrowing greatly vary but, as a general rule, any lexeme may be borrowed (and may over time diffuse over a considerable area).

(c) Grammatical Categories, Construction types and Techniques:

They way in which a grammar is organized (but not the forms themselves) will always tend to be accommodated towards grammars of other languages of which some speakers have an active knowledge. Perhaps the most common feature to diffuse is constituent order (often called just ‘word order’).

A language may readily adapt its functional profile – whether head- marking or dependent- marking (Nichols 1986)- to that of language (s) with which it is in contact. Classifiers or noun class systems also readily diffuse. A system of switch-reference markers, or serial verb constructions, are also typically found in all the languages of a continuous region. The degree of diffusability of other types of categories and techniques (e.g. strategies for incorporation, nominalization, relative clauses) is a topic which demands detailed investigation across all types of borrowing situation.

(d) Grammatical Forms:

There is again a great variation between different parts of the world, but by and large, grammatical forms are borrowed less readily than lexeme or grammatical categories. Sapir was of the opinion that grammatical forms are highly resistant to borrowing and, as a result, similarity of grammatical forms is almost always indicative of genetic relationship. He suggested that “a really serious morphological influence is not, perhaps, impossible, but that its operation is so slow that it has hardly ever had the chance to incorporate itself in the relatively small portion of linguistic history that lies open to inspection.” (Sapir, (1921:203)

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Translation of community – English–Urdu dictionary

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• Her death is a grievous loss to the whole of the community.
• Her ideas have attracted a lot of attention in the scientific community.
• In this school , most of the children are from the Chinese community.
• The poorest sections of the community have much worse health .
• The tragedy has shocked this close-knit rural community.

(Translation of community from the Cambridge English–Urdu Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

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mum's the word

said when you tell someone, or agree with someone, to keep something a secret

Hidden in plain sight: words and phrases connected with hiding

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Community-center, urdu words for community, kəˈmjuː.nə.ti, community के उर्दू अर्थ.

• मुश्तरका होने की हालत
• मुश्तरका मिल्कियत, ख़ुशी, ज़िम्मेदारी वग़ैरा
• मुश्तरका-किरदार
• शनाख़्त, समाजी मेल जोल
• 'इमरानी-राबिता
• दूसरों के साथ मुश्तरका ज़िंदगी
• 'इमरानी-हालत
• एक ही जगह रहने या एक ही क़िस्म के क़वानीन-ओ-अहकाम के तहत होने के बा'इस लोगों की जमा'अत साज़ी
• ऐसे लोगों की ता'दाद जिन के मफ़ाद मुश्तरक हों
• रिश्तों और रवाबित के ज़री'आ बाहम मुंसलिक और एक ही 'इलाक़े के बाशिंदे
• इस लिए कोई भी ऐसी जमा'अत या गिरोह जिस के अराकीन साथ रहते हों, ख़ुसूसन ख़ानक़ाह के राहिब या पादरी
• इश्तिमाली मु'आशरा, एक जगह रहने वाले लोगों की जमा'अत
• पब्लिक या 'अवाम

community کے اردو معانی

• مشترکہ ہونے کی حالت
• مشترکہ ملکیت، خوشی، ذمہ داری وغیرہ
• مشترکہ کردار
• شناخت، سماجی میل جول
• عمرانی رابطہ
• دوسروں کے ساتھ مشترک زندگی
• عمرانی حالت
• ایک ہی جگہ رہنے یا ایک ہی قسم کے قوانین و احکام کے تحت ہونے کے باعث لوگوں کی جماعت سازی
• ایسے لوگوں کی تعداد جن کے مفاد مشترک ہوں
• رشتوں اور روابط کے ذریعہ باہم منسلک اور ایک ہی علاقے کے باشندے
• اس لیے کوئی بھی ایسی جماعت یا گروہ جس کے اراکین ساتھ رہتے ہوں، خصوصاً خانقاہ کے راہب یا پادری
• اشتمالی معاشرہ، ایک جگہ رہنے والے لوگوں کی جماعت
• پبلک یا عوام

Tags for community

English meaning of community , community meaning in english, community translation and definition in English. community का मतलब (मीनिंग) अंग्रेजी (इंग्लिश) में जाने | Khair meaning in hindi

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today, present moment

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Urdu poetry, urdu shayari, shayari in urdu, poetry in urdu

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English Urdu Dictionary | انگریزی اردو ڈکشنری

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speech - Meaning in Urdu

Speech word forms & inflections, definitions and meaning of speech in english, speech noun.

• "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"
• lecture , talking to
• "a good lecture was my father's idea of discipline"
• "the teacher gave him a talking to"

actor's line , words , words

• "the actor forgot his speech"
• delivery , manner of speaking
• "her speech was barren of southernisms"
• "his manner of speaking was quite abrupt"
• "I detected a slight accent in his speech"
• language , oral communication , speech communication , spoken communication , spoken language , voice communication
• "he recorded the spoken language of the streets"
• "he uttered harsh language"
• "his speech was garbled"
• "they were perfectly comfortable together without speech"
• "he could hear them uttering merry speeches"
• "he listened to an address on minor Roman poets"

Synonyms of speech

• actor's line , words

Speech is a human vocal communication using language. Each language uses phonetic combinations of vowel and consonant sounds that form the sound of its words, and using those words in their semantic character as words in the lexicon of a language according to the syntactic constraints that govern lexical words' function in a sentence. In speaking, speakers perform many different intentional speech acts, e.g., informing, declaring, asking, persuading, directing, and can use enunciation, intonation, degrees of loudness, tempo, and other non-representational or paralinguistic aspects of vocalization to convey meaning. In their speech, speakers also unintentionally communicate many aspects of their social position such as sex, age, place of origin, physical states, psychological states, physico-psychological states, education or experience, and the like.

تقریر دراصل بولنے کے فن میں مہارت کو کہا جاتا ہے! صحیح گفتگو کرنا اور اپن اس گفتگو میں سننے والوں کا دل جیتنا تقریر کا حصه هیں! تقریر میں زیاده تر آسان الفاظ استعمال کیے جاتے ہیں تا کہ سننے والے عام لوگوں کو سمجهنے میں کوئی دشواری پیش نہ آئے! تقریر کی شروعات سقراط کے دور سے ہوئی، جب افلاطون نے اکادمی کهولی۔

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What is speech meaning in urdu.

Other languages: speech meaning in Hindi

Tags for the entry "speech"

What is speech meaning in Urdu, speech translation in Urdu, speech definition, pronunciations and examples of speech in Urdu.

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speech Urdu Meaning

Urdu Meanings

iJunoon official Urdu Dictionary

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Definitions

English definition for speech

1. n. the mental faculty or power of vocal communication

2. n. a lengthy rebuke

3. n. words making up the dialogue of a play

4. n. your characteristic style or manner of expressing yourself orally

5. n. (language) communication by word of mouth

6. n. the exchange of spoken words

7. n. something spoken

8. n. the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

Synonyms and Antonyms for speech

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International Languages

Meaning for speech found in 31 Languages.

Related Posts in iJunoon

9 related posts found for word speech in iJunoon Website

• speech Has A Great Impact.
• Soft speech Clean Heart
• Sweetness In Your speech
• Sweetness In Ur speech
• Soft speech Clean Heart,

Near By Words

• speechification
• speechifier
• speechlessly
• speechlessness
• speechreading

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Speech Communication meaning in Urdu

Speech communication synonyms, speech communication definitions.

1) Speech Communication , Language , Oral Communication , Speech , Spoken Communication , Spoken Language , Voice Communication : گفتگو : (noun) (language) communication by word of mouth.

Useful Words

Expression : لفظیت , Colloquialism : عام بول چال , Interlingual Rendition : نسخہ , Intercommunication : مراسلت , Statement : بیان , Idiolect : طرز زبان , Vernacular : بازاری زبان , Dysphasia : بولنے میں دقت , Communicational : رابطے کے لئے , Spoken : زبانی , Speaker : بولنے والا , Phoneme : صوتیہ , Contact : رابطہ کرنا , Close : آخر میں , Intercourse : باہمی ربط , Call : فون کرنا , Gestural : اس چیز سے متعلق جو لفظی یا زبانی نہ ہو , Communicative : پیغام دینے والا , Connect : رابطہ کرنا , Contact : گروہوں کا رابطہ , Correspondence : خط و کتابت , Canalisation : راستے پر لگانے کا عمل , Channels : رابطے کا ذریعہ , Determent : رکاوٹ , Intent : مفہوم , Curtain : روکاوٹ , Chatty : بے تکلفانہ گفتگو , Cutter : ایک چھوٹی سمندری کشتی , Grapevine : بے بنیاد خبر , Oral : زبانی , Channel : رابطے کا ذریعہ

Useful Words Definitions

Expression: the communication (in speech or writing) of your beliefs or opinions.

Colloquialism: a colloquial expression; characteristic of spoken or written communication that seeks to imitate informal speech.

Interlingual Rendition: a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language.

Intercommunication: mutual communication; communication with each other.

Statement: a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc.

Idiolect: the language or speech of one individual at a particular period in life.

Vernacular: the everyday speech of the people (as distinguished from literary language).

Dysphasia: an impairment of language (especially speech production) that is usually due to brain damage.

Communicational: used in communication.

Spoken: uttered through the medium of speech or characterized by speech; sometimes used in combination.

Speaker: someone who expresses in language; someone who talks (especially someone who delivers a public speech or someone especially garrulous).

Phoneme: (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language.

Contact: be in or establish communication with.

Close: the last section of a communication.

Intercourse: communication between individuals.

Call: get or try to get into communication (with someone) by telephone.

Gestural: being other than verbal communication.

Communicative: of or relating to communication.

Connect: establish communication with someone.

Contact: a channel for communication between groups.

Correspondence: communication by the exchange of letters.

Canalisation: management through specified channels of communication.

Channels: official routes of communication.

Determent: a communication that makes you afraid to try something.

Intent: the intended meaning of a communication.

Curtain: any barrier to communication or vision.

Chatty: prone to friendly informal communication.

Cutter: a boat for communication between ship and shore.

Grapevine: gossip spread by spoken communication.

Oral: an examination conducted by spoken communication.

Channel: (often plural) a means of communication or access.

Related Words

Language : زبان , Words : الفاظ , Orthoepy : طرز ادا , Conversation : تبادلہ خیال , Discussion : بحث , Expression : کہاوت

Next of Speech Communication

Speech Community : people sharing a given language or dialect.

Previous of Speech Communication

Spectroscopy : the use of spectroscopes to analyze spectra.

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How this page explains Speech Communication ?

It helps you understand the word Speech Communication with comprehensive detail, no other web page in our knowledge can explain Speech Communication better than this page. The page not only provides Urdu meaning of Speech Communication but also gives extensive definition in English language. The definition of Speech Communication is followed by practically usable example sentences which allow you to construct your own sentences based on it. You can also find multiple synonyms or similar words of Speech Communication. All of this may seem less if you are unable to learn exact pronunciation of Speech Communication, so we have embedded mp3 recording of native Englishman, simply click on speaker icon and listen how English speaking people pronounce Speech Communication. We hope this page has helped you understand Speech Communication in detail, if you find any mistake on this page, please keep in mind that no human being can be perfect.

Meaning of Speech in Urdu

Meaning and Translation of Speech in Urdu Script and Roman Urdu with Definition, Wikipedia Reference, Image, Synonyms,

Urdu Meaning or Translation

Image/visual.

All Parts of Speech in Urdu and English – اجزائے ترکیبی

All parts of speech in urdu and english – definition, types and examples.

ہر زبان کے کچھ اجزائے ترکیبی/اجزائے کلام (Parts of speech) ہوتے ہیں جو بہت اہم ہوتے ہیں کیونکہ انہیں سے مل کر جملہ بنتا ہے۔ اور جملوں ہی کے ذریعہ ہماری بات چیت ہوتی ہے۔ تو اسے اس طرح سمجھیے کہ اگر Parts of speech (اجزائے ترکیبی) معلوم نہ ہوں؛ تو اس زبان میں بات کرنا اور لکھنا تقریباً ناممکن ہے۔ ہاں! یہ اور بات ہے کہ وہ زبان آپ کی مادری زبان ہو؛ تو اس وقت آپ اجزائے ترکیبی کو جانیں بغیر بھی بات کرسکتے ہیں؛ لیکن اس وقت بھی آپ اس زبان میں کچھ لکھ نہیں سکتے۔

آسان الفاظ میں کہوں؛ تو اجزائے ترکیبی کے بغیر کسی زبان کو بولنا مشکل لکھنا ناممکن ہے۔ اور چونکہ ہم انگلش پڑھ رہے ہیں اس لیے آج ہم Parts of speech in Urdu یعنی اردو میں انگریزی اجزائے ترکیبی کو جانیں گے اور پڑھیں گے کہ:

• Definition of parts of speech in Urdu
• Types of Parts of speech in Urdu
• Examples of parts of speech in Urdu

یہ ہر زبان میں ہوتا ہے۔ اور چونکہ ہم انگلش پڑھ رہے ہیں اس لیے ہم جانیں گے کہ انگلش کے اجزائے ترکیبی کیا ہیں؟

Definition of Parts Of Speech in Urdu

 تعریف: جملہ کے اجزائے ترکیبی یا اجزائے کلام کو parts of speech کہتے ہیں۔

اجزائے ترکیبی کا معنی کیا ہے؟

Types of Parts of Speech in Urdu

انگلش کے Parts of speech (اجزائے ترکیبی) آٹھ ہیں۔

چلیے ایک ایک کرکے سمجھتے ہیں۔

Let me give you a detailed introduction to the eight parts of speech in Urdu and English with examples….

Parts of speech کی پہلی قسم اسم (Noun) ہے، اور Noun کسی شخص، جگہ یا چیز کے نام کو کہتے ہیں.

تفصیل سے پڑھیں!

Pronoun| ضمیر

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی دوسری قسم Pronoun ہے، اور Pronoun  وہ لفظ ہے جو اسم (noun)  کی جگہ استعمال ہوتا ہے۔

اوپر کے جملہ میں “زید” ایک اسم (noun) ہے۔ اور لفظ “وہ” ایک ضمیر ( pronoun ) ہے جو زید کی جگہ استعمال ہوا ہے۔اس جملہ کو ہم یوں بھی کہہ سکتے تھے:

زید ایک اچھا طالب علم ہے اور زید سمجھدار ہے۔

 یہ صحیح ہے؛ لیکن اس طرح کہنا اچھا نہیں ہے کیونکہ اس میں ایک ہی لفظ “زید” کا تکرار ہے. اس لیے ہم ایک چیز کا نام لینے کے بعد جب اسی کی بات کرنی ہو؛ اگلے جملے میں اس کی ضمیر کا استعمال کرتے ہیں۔

Adjective| صفت

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی تیسری قسم Adjective ہے، Adjective وہ ہوتا ہے جو کسی اسم یا ضمیر کی وضاحت کرے۔

Verb| فعل/کام

اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کی چوتھی قسم Verb ہے جو کسی فعل یا عمل کے ہونے کو بتلاتا ہے۔

verb جملہ میں فعل اور عمل کو بتاتا ہے جیسے کھانا، پینا، سونا وغیرہ یہ سب verb ہیں۔ اس کی کئی قسمیں جیسے main verb، اور helping verb وغیرہ۔

Adverb| متعلق فعل

Parts of speech کی پانچویں قسم Adverb ہے،اور ایک adverb ایک فعل, صفت یا کسی دوسرے adverb کی وضاحت کرتا ہے اور اس کے متعلق اضافی معلومات فراہم کرتاہے۔

  Preposition| حرفِ جر

Parts of speech کی چھٹی قسم Preposition ہے، جو ایک اسم یا ضمیر کا تعلق کسی دوسرے لفظ سے ظاہر کرتا ہے۔

A preposition shows the relationship of a noun or pronoun to another word.

  Conjunction | حرفِ عطف

Parts of spe speech کی ساتویں قسم Conjunction ہے، اور ایک ا conjunction وہ ہوتا ہے جو دو الفاظ، فقروں اور شقوں کو جوڑتا ہے۔اور یہ بتاتا ہے کہ وہ کس طرح جڑے ہوئے ہیں۔

A conjunction joins two words, ideas, phrases or clauses together in a sentence, and shows how they are connected.

میں امتحانات میں اچھے نمبرات پارہا ہوں کیونکہ میں ہر روز پڑھتا ہوں۔

Interjection| فجائیہ

Parts of speech کی آٹھویں قسم Interjection ہے، اور یہ وہ لفظ یا جملہ ہوتا ہے جو احساسات وجذبات کی عکاسی کرتے ہیں۔

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses a strong feeling or emotion.

 بہت سے اجزائے ترکیبی (Parts of speech) کئی ذیلی قسموں میں تقسیم ہو سکتے ہیں۔جیسے Preposition کو Preposition of time,  Preposition of place وغیرہ میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے۔ اور Noun کو Proper noun, Common noun اور Concrete noun وغیرہ میں تقسیم کیا جاسکتا ہے۔

اسی طرح یہ جاننا بھی ضروری ہے کہ ایک ہی لفظ کبھی Parts of speech کے ایک سے زیادہ Part حصہ بھی بن سکتا ہے۔

جیسے purpose (پرپَز) ایک اسم (noun) بھی ہے، اور فعل (verb) بھی ہے۔

اس سبق میں ہم نے بنیادی باتیں بیان کی ہیں، اور اجزائے ترکیبی کی تمام قسموں کو اجمالاً لکھا ہے۔ اور ان تمام قسموں کو ہم نے علیحدہ علیحدہ اسباق میں تفصیل سے بیان کیا ہے۔

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