lesson on writing a cover letter

Resumes and Cover Letters for High School Students

• Resources & Preparation
• Instructional Plan
• Related Resources

Today's high school students must market their experiences, skills, achievements, and accolades to set them apart from others when applying to college or for a job. This lesson takes students through the steps of creating an effective resume and cover letter using ReadWriteThink's Resume Generator and Letter Generator.

Featured Resources

• Resume Generator : This ReadWriteThink resource takes students through the process of creating a resume one step at a time.  
• Letter Generator : This ReadWriteThink resource helps students create a professional cover letter.  
• Sample High School Resumes and Cover Letters : These realistic resumes and cover letters help students visualize and generate content for their own documents.

From Theory to Practice

Common core standards.

This resource has been aligned to the Common Core State Standards for states in which they have been adopted. If a state does not appear in the drop-down, CCSS alignments are forthcoming.

State Standards

This lesson has been aligned to standards in the following states. If a state does not appear in the drop-down, standard alignments are not currently available for that state.

Materials and Technology

• LCD Projector  
• Computers with Internet access
• The 3 Fs of Resume Writing  
• My Resume Ideas: Getting Started  
• Steps to Creating a Cover Letter  
• Sample High School Resumes and Cover Letters  
• Resume / Cover Letter Rubric  
• Visualizing Your Resume: Graphic Organizer  
• Visualizing Your Cover Letter: Graphic Organizer

Preparation

• Prepare copies of the  Sample High School Resumes and Cover Letters printout so that students may review it.  
• Reserve space in a classroom that has access to the Internet, specifically ReadWriteThink’s  Resume Generator and Letter Generator .  
• Prepare copies of the following printouts: The 3 Fs of Resume Writing , My Resume Ideas: Getting Started , Steps to Creating a Cover Letter , Sample High School Resumes and Cover Letters, Visualizing Your Resume: Graphic Organizer , and Visualizing Your Cover Letter: Graphic Organizer .

Student Objectives

Students will

• Understand the function, form, and effectiveness of a resume by examining and discussing sample resumes with their classmates  
• Demonstrate the importance of rhetorical situations by selling themselves to a defined audience  
• Develop a working resume by using the Resume Generator  
• Recognize how a cover letter works in conjunction with a resume by drafting them for a similar purpose  
• Write a cover letter by using the Letter Generator

Lesson 1: What is a Resume?

• Introduce students to resumes as a genre of writing: professional writing. Discuss how this is different from academic genres in that it serves a different purpose and is intended for a different audience. In short, it is a type of writing by an author who is trying to get something. As a result, it is an extremely persuasive style of writing. Share examples of when a person would need a resume, such as applying for a job, a scholarship, or an award, or when creating a portfolio of one’s work.  
• Prepare students to understand the purpose of a resume, including its F unction, F orm, and (e) F fectiveness (the 3 Fs). Take an informal poll of the class, asking who has heard of a resume before this class, who has seen one, and who has one of their own. Based on the results, you may ask students to share their experiences to add to the conversation.  
• Function: The function of a resume is to inform the audience about you in order to accomplish something. What you’re trying to accomplish depends on what you’re trying to do. This might include getting a job, getting into college, winning a scholarship, or being selected for an internship. There are many reasons to show people your resume.  
• Form: Resumes need to look a certain way. This is considered their form. People who read resumes expect them to include specific information, such as your name, address, contact information, education, past jobs, volunteer experience, and special skills. If a resume does not look like a traditional resume, the reader may be confused and think the writer is not educated about writing proper resumes.  
• (e)Ffectiveness: For a resume to be effective, it must demonstrate your knowledge of both function and form. An effective resume - Has a clear purpose that shows why you are writing it - Is visually appropriate and appealing, or easy to read - Includes all the necessary information about the writer - Is grammatically correct with no errors in punctuation or spelling
• Share copies of the resume printout. You might begin discussing these by putting students into small groups first to review. Tell them to identify what they see as the 3 Fs: Function, Form, and (e)Ffectiveness.  
• Return together as a class, and discuss each F and how students determined what it was.

Lesson 2: Developing Content for Your Resume

• Review the  The 3 Fs of Resume Writing from the previous lesson.  
• Discuss the two types of resume: chronological and functional. Ask students which style they think is best for them.  
• Show the sample resumes from the previous lesson. Ask students to identify which one is chronological and which one is functional.  
• Share online resume reference sites such as  College Admissions High School Resume and  High School Students Need a Resume Too with the class to present additional ways of thinking about the construction of resumes. (If you are not in a computer lab or a room with Internet access, tell students to view these sites later on their own.)  
• Have students brainstorm content for their resumes using the printout  My Resume Ideas: Getting Started as a guide.  
• Begin completing the parts of the printout. Move around the room answering questions as students work.  
• Ask students to complete the printout on their own before the next lesson.

Lesson 3: Defining Audience and Purpose

• Have students take out their completed  My Resume Ideas: Getting Started printout. Put them into small groups to share their work with others.  
• What was easy about filling this out? What was difficult?
• What sections contained the most and least information? Why?
• The audience refers to anyone who will review the resume, so we must consider all audiences, both primary and secondary.
• The purpose refers to why the audience is looking at the resume and what they will be looking for, so we must ask ourselves what they want to read.

Lesson 4: Using Resume Builder

• Take students to a computer lab with access to the Internet and  Resume Generator to complete this lesson. Have them log into the Resume Builder site. As they do so, remind them about the time limit for creating their draft in class. They should structure their time accordingly.  
• Using their notes from the  My Resume Ideas: Getting Started printout, ask students to go through the process of entering their information. Show students the features of the tool, from the additional information about resumes on the first page to the audio feature accompanying the site that enables them to hear the information aloud.  
• When they have completed their resumes, have students save them and also print a copy to bring to the next class.

Lesson 5: Peer Review

• Ask students to take out the printed copies of their resumes. Discuss how resumes today can be printed and submitted to the audience, as they have prepared, but they can also be submitted electronically. In that case, the resume writer needs to understand how to save a resume as a .pdf or how to create a resume with very little formatting, with only the basic information listed and no fancy spacing or bullets used. Connect this to their use of Resume Generator , and discuss how this would be similar to or different from what they just did.  
• Put students into small groups to peer review their resumes. Encourage students to review their peers’ resumes for the 3Fs: Function, Form, and (e)Ffectiveness.

Lesson 6: What is a Cover Letter?

• What did you like about using Resume Builder to create your resume?  
• What did you find particularly easy or difficult about the process?  
• What do you like or dislike about your completed resume? d. What would you like to change about it?  
• Function: Cover letters accompany resumes to introduce the reader of the resume to the writer. They personalize the resume, allowing the writer to provide more detail about him- or herself and any relevant experience. Many people think of cover letters as a way for the writer’s true voice to come through.  
• Form: Like resumes, cover letters also have a typical form: that of a business letter. The writer has to know the correct placement of the heading, date, salutation, body paragraphs, closing, and signature. Readers expect a cover letter to have certain features. If they aren’t included, the reader may think the writer is not knowledgeable and, therefore, not ready for whatever he or she is trying to accomplish by submitting the cover letter and resume.  
• Has a clear purpose that shows why you are writing it  
• Is visually appropriate and appealing, or easy to read  
• Includes additional relevant information about the writer  
• Is grammatically correct with no errors in punctuation or spelling  
• Share an online reference about cover letters, such as Sample Cover Letter for High School Students , to support the present discussion, and raise or discuss any questions as a result of it. (If you are not in a computer lab or a room with Internet access, tell students to view this site later on their own.)  
• Show the sample cover letters written by high school students in the  Sample High School Resumes and Cover Letters printout. Discuss these with the students in relation to the 3 Fs: What is the function of the cover letter (its purpose), what is unique about its form (design), and how effective do students think this cover letter will be?

Lesson 7: Developing Your Cover Letter

• Explain to students that they are going to create a rough outline of a cover letter that could accompany their resume. Provide the  Visualizing Your Cover Letter: Graphic Organizer printout to fill out. They may do this individually or in small groups. Move around the room responding to students’ work and offering suggestions.  
• Once students have a good start on this, provide the more detailed  Steps to Creating a Cover Letter printout. Students should use this to create a draft of their cover letters, due at the next class. Remind students that their time in the lab during the next session will be limited, so they need to have a full draft completed.

Lesson 8: Finishing Your Cover Letter

• Once again, have students meet in the computer lab to type their cover letters using the  Steps to Creating a Cover Letter printout and Letter Generator . You may want to remind them about their time constraints and the need to organize their time.  
• Using Letter Generator, have students transform their drafts into finished cover letters.  
• Make sure students save their work and also print a copy.  
• At the end of class, ask students to submit their resumes and cover letters to you for a grade. Use the  Resume / Cover Letter Rubric to assist you in assigning a grade.
• Have students submit first and second drafts of the resume and cover letter to you for comments or an early grade, additional revision, and a new/final grade.  
• Do more detailed work with cover letters, including researching jobs and researching examples of cover letters for specific jobs. Then have students write cover letters tailored to these jobs.  
• Include a discussion of writing essays and personal statements for college applications.  
• Connect discussions of resume and cover letter writing to students’ college aspirations, including their ideas for majors, careers, courses, and activities to become involved in. You may consider reviewing online resources, including ACT .

Student Assessment / Reflections

• Review students’ printouts for The 3 Fs of Resume Writing, My Resume Ideas: Getting Started, Visualizing Your Resume: Graphic Organizer, Visualizing Your Cover Letter: Graphic Organizer, and Steps to Creating a Cover Letter after each lesson in which they are used or collected. Make sure students are correctly identifying the parts and including information as needed. If a pattern of errors or misunderstandings occurs, review them with students at the beginning of the next lesson.  
• Collect typed drafts of students’ resumes and cover letters as created using the Resume Generator and Letter Generator. Review and grade them using the Resume/Cover Letter Rubric. Address the grade and comments when returning the resumes and cover letters to students, especially if students are allowed to revise for a new grade.

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Cover Letters  - Crafting Your Cover Letter

Cover letters  -, crafting your cover letter, cover letters crafting your cover letter.

Cover Letters: Crafting Your Cover Letter

Lesson 1: crafting your cover letter, crafting your cover letter.

You've found the job you want and have spruced up your resume in hopes of getting it. Now all you have to do is submit it, right? Not so fast! Every resume should have a great cover letter to go with it. So what's a cover letter? And why do you need one? This lesson will help you answer these questions as you explore interactive examples. Specifically, you will learn the purpose of a cover letter , identify the main parts of a cover letter , find out what makes a cover letter effective , and use several cover letter dos and don'ts as you write your own cover letter.

Watch the video below to learn some tips for creating a great cover letter.

What is a cover letter?

As discussed in our Resume Writing tutorial, prospective employers use your resume to learn about your education, skills, and work history, as well as who you are and how to reach you. Your cover letter has a slightly different purpose.

As the name implies, a cover letter is a document that introduces you and accompanies your resume. It is what a hiring manager will see first.

In a competitive job market, hiring managers may get hundreds of resumes for only one position. Going through all of them can be time consuming. To alleviate the time strain, most hiring managers will quickly read over or scan cover letters to decide which resumes to read more closely.

Cover letters provide YOU with an opportunity to:

• Demonstrate how well you express yourself and that you have researched the organization and position
• Tell prospective employers what position you’re interested in, why you are interested in it, and how you came to know about it
• Highlight a few key skills that demonstrate your qualifications for the specific organization and position
• Thank the hiring manager in advance for her time and consideration

Cover letters provide HIRING MANAGERS with a chance to:

• Decide whether to look at your resume
• Select a small number of resumes to read more closely

Both resumes and cover letters should be customized for each specific job opportunity . If you see a job posting that requests a resume, send both a cover letter and resume.

Include a cover letter every time you submit a resume for a job, even if you are emailing it or uploading it to a job board!

What are the parts of a cover letter?

A cover letter is really just a formal business letter that acts as an introduction to your resume. Because it is a formal business document, it should be in block business letter format . In this format, text is left justified (aligned on the left-hand margin).

• Date : This is the date the letter is written. We recommend using the Month Day, Year format, such as January 27, 2009.
• Address : For the address, you should provide your home mailing address followed by the hiring manager's address .
• Greeting: The greeting is an important part of your cover letter. It establishes who you are sending the resume and cover letter to. We recommend that you try to find the name of the hiring manager to use here. If you can't find a name, use a generic term like Staff Selection Team or Hiring Manager .
• Body : The body is the main part of your cover letter. This is where you explain what job you are interested in and how you learned about it . It should also present you as the best possible candidate for the job, and explain what actions you will take next.
• Close : Use a polite and professional phrase here, such as Sincerely, Respectfully , or Kind Regards .
• Signature : This area should contain your name, a written signature (if you're mailing the letter), and another way to contact you (such as a phone number or email address ).
• Enclosure line : Use this line whenever you include a separate item in the same envelope or email message. It will tell the recipient to look for the enclosed attachment, which will usually be your resume, but could also be samples of your previous work.

If you're sending a cover letter via email , you don't need to include the date , return address , or mailing address at the top of the page. Just include your own address and other contact information, such as your email or phone number, below your name in the signature area .

Writing an effective cover letter

To be effective, the body paragraphs of your cover letter must really sell you as the best candidate for the job. This area should highlight your accomplishments and qualifications, as well as explain how you can benefit the company. It should be easy to read and have a positive tone.

Each paragraph of your cover letter has a different purpose, and there are strategies you can use to make each paragraph effective.

Click the buttons in the interactive below to review the three body paragraphs in this cover letter:

First paragraph

The first paragraph can start with an introduction, but it should always start by stating which job you are applying for . Include the job name and number (if applicable). You should also mention where you found the job posting .

Try to include some details about the company you found while researching the job. This kind of detail can help to demonstrate your interest in the position.

Another good strategy in the opening paragraph is to explain your relationship with the company (if you have one).

Second paragraph

The second paragraph should work to position you as the ideal candidate for the job . It should also describe your career accomplishments , demonstrate that they meet or exceed the job requirements , and explain how you will be an asset to the company .

Bulleted list

You may want to use a bulleted list to make this section easier for the hiring manager to scan.

Third paragraph

The third paragraph should request an interview or meeting, provide your preferred contact information , and thank the hiring manager for considering your application.

Cover letter tips

The following are some tips to make your cover letter the best it can be.

Gather all necessary information first

This includes the job description, name of the hiring manager, and any other research you have gathered about the company.

Follow directions

Some employers may want you to provide additional materials, such as writing samples, with your resume. Others might not accept applications that are sent via email. Before you respond to any job posting, read the directions carefully so you can provide exactly what is required.

Address your letter to a specific individual

If this is not possible, use a gender-neutral greeting, like Dear Hiring Manager or Staff Selection Team .

Write a rough draft

Focus on the purpose of each paragraph:

• In the first paragraph, introduce yourself, indicate the desired position, and explain how you came to know about the position.
• In the second paragraph, sell yourself as the ideal candidate by matching your experience with employer needs.
• In the final paragraph, request action on the part of the employer or explain what actions you will be taking to progress in the job search process.

Use good writing techniques

Characteristics of good writing for cover letters include:

• Using bullet points or bold text to highlight your qualifications
• Using concise and clear language; keep it to one page and focus on what you have to offer an employer
• Using correct grammar; have at least two strong writers edit and proofread your cover letter, and do not rely solely on a spell checker
• Using active verbs in the present tense to illustrate your skills; for example, I consistently exceed customer expectations by offering personal attention and product expertise.
• Varying your word choice; for example, if your specialty is product line management , try to find another phrase for the same function, such as family branding

Format your cover letter to be easy to read

This should be done only after you are completely satisfied with the content of your rough draft.

• Use default margins (1.25” for the right and left margins, 1” for the bottom margin).
• Single-space paragraphs.
• Double-space after the date, each address, the greeting, and each paragraph.
• Leave enough space for your signature.
• Use bold for emphasis and quick reading. Hiring managers will be skimming the letter, so anything you can do to make your qualifications stand out will help focus their attention on you.
• Use a default font that is easy to read, such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Tahoma.

Note: Our Microsoft Office tutorials cover formatting in more depth.

Consider using resume paper

If you want to make your application look extra nice, you can print your cover letter and resume on resume paper. Resume paper is sometimes also known as business or specialty paper, and it is thicker and rougher than regular printer paper. However, it's also more expensive, so you may not want to use it for every job application.

Mistakes to avoid

There are several things job seekers can do in their cover letters that can actually hurt their chances of getting an interview. You will want to avoid these mistakes.

• Don’t write “To Whom It May Concern” or "Dear Sir or Madam". If you don't know the person's name, use something generic and gender neutral, like Candidate Selection Team or Dear Hiring Manager.
• Don’t use slang , like I crushed the highest sales in my region three years running .
• Don’t use correction fluid or make corrections after a letter is printed. Reprint your letter if necessary.
• Don’t write a letter that's longer than one page .
• Don’t provide false information about yourself or your qualifications.
• Don't include erroneous information about a company.
• Don’t include personal information (avoid references to religion, family, etc.).
• Don’t write poorly (avoid using cliches, exaggeration, and typographical or grammatical errors).
• Don’t use form letters and mass mailings . Each letter should be tailored to a specific job.
• Don’t include photos unless it's specifically requested.
• Don’t confess weakness or apologize for lacking a qualification.
• Don’t use an improper tone (angry, demanding, desperate, confessional, or too enthusiastic).
• Don’t include salary information unless it's requested .

Open the Microsoft Word Cover Letter Template and Save it to your computer with a name that makes sense to you.

Enter your own information into the document as you progress through this activity by replacing the text inside the [brackets] . Remove the brackets as well.

The top of your cover letter

Refer to the picture below as you make changes to the top portion of your cover letter.

• Replace [ Month] [Day], [Year] with the current date.
• Replace [Your First and Last Name] with your own name.
• Replace [Your Street Address] and [City], [ST] [Zip Code] with the address where you live and receive mail.

If you do not have a contact name, you can omit this section or include a line that indicates what the letter is in response to, such as RE: Office Manager postion (Craigslist posting CR-01004-OM) . This can help the person handling the mail pass your cover letter and resume on to the correct person within the company.

• Replace [Endearment] [Social Title] [Hiring Manager Last Name], with an appropriate greeting, such as Dear Mr. Grantham or Ms. Keaton . Use social titles (e.g., Mr. or Ms.) ONLY when you know for certain an individual's gender. If you do not have a contact name, you can use something generic and non-gender specific such as Dear Staff Selection Team or Dear Hiring Manager . However, resume experts recommend trying to find the name of the person who will be hiring for the position.

The body of the cover letter

Refer to the picture below as you make changes to the body of your cover letter.

• Write your first body paragraph , replacing the text within the brackets with your own text. Include your name and the position (job name and number) in which you are interested. Explain how you came to know about the position. Make a personal or business connection to the company, if you can, or show what you know about the company.
• Write your second body paragraph , replacing the text within the brackets with your own text. Point out your accomplishments and qualifications that make you the best choice for the job. Focus on what benefits you will bring to the position or company. Think of it as what you can do for them . You may want to use bold text or a bulleted list to emphasize your strong points.
• Write your third body paragraph , replacing the text within the brackets with your own text. Tell them what you would like to have happen next. For example, I look forward to discussing how my expertise in customer service can benefit ABC Company. If I do not hear from you by March 3, I will be contacting you to ensure you have received and reviewed my resume. Don't forget to include a way for someone to contact you. For example, You can reach me at the phone number below after 4 p.m. daily if you have any questions or would like to further discuss my qualifications. Remember to thank the hiring manage for his or her time and consideration!

The bottom of the cover letter

Refer to the picture below as you make changes to the bottom portion of your cover letter.

• Replace [Close], with a polite and professional closing, such as Regards,.
• Hit enter several times to leave enough space for your signature, then delete [Your Signature] . When you have printed the final copy of your cover letter, be sure to sign your name neatly in this area.
• Replace [Your Name (typed)] with your full first and last name. Then, replace [A way to contact you] with either a telephone number or an email address, whichever you prefer as a means of communication.
• On the enclosure line, enter your own name (or the file name if you are submitting your resume electronically) in place of [Your Name] .

Don't forget to have several people review your cover letter before you send it out!

Need More Help? Go to our Microsoft Office tutorials to learn how to format a document in more depth.

• PODCAST : Katherine Mehr speaks with Sue Morem, Founder of Go For the Edge!, about how to create an effective cover letter.
• Karen Hansen discusses Resume, Cover Letter, and Interview Strategies for Older Workers at Quintessential Careers.
• Purdue University's Online Writing Lab offers a Resume Workshop page.
• Knock 'Em Dead Cover Letters: Techniques and Samples for Every Step of Your Job Search by Martin Yate

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Baruch College Writing Center

Cover Letters Workshop Lesson Plan (Online Adaptation)

Learning goals.

At the close of the Cover Letters workshop, students will be able to:

• Write a cover letter that demonstrates understanding of the genre and meets audience expectations for content, form, and tone
• Close read a job description and tailor their skills and background accordingly
• Make strategic choices about what to include in a cover letter, demonstrating understanding of the function of each paragraph
• Draw on a variety of sentence structures to describe themselves and their skills
• Understand key differences between cover letters and resumes

For facilitators

Facilitator slides

For students

Student slides

Handout 1: Front Desk Attendant wanted

Handout 2: Cover letter for Front Desk position

Handout 3: Sentence structures used in cover letters

Handout 4: Cover letter for Audit Intern position

Handout 5 : Selected job ads (1-5)

Spring Hours of Operation

In-Person Office Hours: Monday-Thursday: 9AM-8PM Friday: 9AM-3PM

Online/In-person Sessions Available: Monday-Thursday: 9AM-8PM Friday: 9AM-3PM Saturday: 10AM-4PM

How to Write a Cover Letter

Explain your skills and experiences to a potential employer by writing a compelling cover letter in Google Docs.

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Lesson Plan

Includes learning objectives, example outcomes, guidance for instructors, and more.

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Certificate of completion

Printable certificates to hand out to your students after they complete this lesson.

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Save videos locally to your computer if your internet connection does not support many students streaming videos at once.

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Writing a Cover Letter

Subject: Personal, social and health education

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Last updated

14 March 2024

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Writing a Cover Letter . Careers and Financial education Lesson designed by a L6 Qualified Careers Guidance Leader. Editable 14+ slide PowerPoint Lesson. Lesson includes: Lesson Assessment, Student Resources, Signposting to extra support services. Bonus Homework Activity and links to our videos and much more.

Careers Learning Outcomes: Understand the purpose of a cover letter Explain the structure of a cover letter Apply correct structure and content to your personal cover letter

Some Careers and finance linked Key Terms Covered Formal, Your sincerely, Yours faithfully

Careers and Finance Assessment Objectives I understand the purpose of a cover letter I can explain the structure of a cover letter I can apply correct structure and content to my personal cover letter

Skills Builder Framework Creativity

CDI Framework Manage Career

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Career Management- PSHE / Careers Unit

Careers Management - Cre8tive Careers New Unit This is a 7 lesson Careers / PSHE unit for secondary schools. **Contents** 7 Lesson Packs (See below for Contents) 1 x Aiming High Smart Targets Assembly 1 x Set of Maths Careers Posters 1 x Post 16 Uni and Careers Quiz **Lesson Topics** * Post 16 Options * What are A Level's and How can prepare for them * Traineeships Explained (pros and Cons etc) * Apprenticeships Explained (pro's and Cons) * Writing a cover Letter - Top tips * Working Hours for 15 - 18 the law and rules * choosing a degree and longer term Career planning **Each Lesson Pack Contains:** * 1 Fully Editable PowerPoint (Learning Outcomes, Confidence Checkers, Assessment of Learning, Variety of Tasks, Video Embedded URL Clips, Engaging Premium Quality Slides, Extra Support careers Websites, Challenging & Thoughtful Questioning) * Student Worksheet(s) are included with some lessons * Homework Activity * Assessment Opportunity (Confidence Checker) * Teacher Notes (On some slides) * Focus on literacy * 1 Hours worth of activities - including timings for every activity **Learning Outcomes for the unit ** To understand the options available to me at the end of Year 11. To consider how I can make the best choice for me. To understand the application process for post 16 options. Understand what A Levels are Know how I can prepare for my A Levels Understand where A Levels could lead me to in the future To understand what traineeships are, the benefits of doing a traineeship and the potential impact on career progression To understand what apprenticeships are, the benefits of doing an apprenticeship and the potential impact on career progression Understand the purpose of a cover letter Explain the structure of a cover letter Apply correct structure and content to your personal cover letter Know the rules for young employees Know the range of jobs available to young people Research local jobs available to you To consider what options I need to make to plan my future. To understand how to choose a degree. To understand what else is required for a successful future, alongside qualifications. **Why not try out some of our other highly rated Secondary Careers Units:** ☞ [Year 7 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 8 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/careers-and-gatsby-benchmarks-cdi-unit-12256205) ☞ [Year 9 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/cre8tive-careers-year-9-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmarks-12304111) ☞ [Year 10 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 11 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/year-11-careers-unit-12168193) ☞ [Year 12 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y12-cre8tive-careers-unit-12306381) ☞ [Year 13 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y13-cre8tive-careers-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmark-12306383) Be Ofsted and DfE PSHE 2020 ready with our resources! Product Code: C8/NEW/CA/FI

KS4 Careers and Finance Lessons

KS4 Careers and Finance Lessons 2 x Units Financial planning for my Future - Cre8tive Careers Careers Management - Cre8tive Careers This is a 14 lesson Careers / PSHE double unit for secondary schools. These New lessons are mapped to both the new CDI framework and the skills builder framework. Every lesson comes with Homework opportunities and will help support your school in achieving Gatsby Benchmark 4. **Contents** 14 Lesson Packs (See below for Contents) 1 x Positive Female Role Models Assembly 1 x Finance and Careers Quiz 1 x Health and Wellbeing Escape Room 1 x Aiming High Smart Targets Assembly 1 x Set of Maths Careers Posters 1 x Post 16 Uni and Careers Quiz **Lesson Topics** * Buy now Pay later schemes * Developing Your personal Brand * What is a mortgage? why are they important * What to expect from my pay day * Why do people buy on Credit? Risks involved , the benefits – the higher costs * Transitioning from studying to working (First Job, Expectations, Professionalism etc) * Applying For Jobs (Job adverts, possible tests, likely interview Questions * Post 16 Options * What are A Level’s and How can prepare for them * Traineeships Explained (pros and Cons etc) * Apprenticeships Explained (pro’s and Cons) * Writing a cover Letter - Top tips * Working Hours for 15 - 18 the law and rules * choosing a degree and longer term Career planning **Each Lesson Pack Contains:** * 1 Fully Editable PowerPoint (Learning Outcomes, Confidence Checkers, Assessment of Learning, Variety of Tasks, Video Embedded URL Clips, Engaging Premium Quality Slides, Extra Support careers Websites, Challenging & Thoughtful Questioning) * Student Worksheet(s) are included with some lessons * Homework Activity * Assessment Opportunity (Confidence Checker) * Teacher Notes (On some slides) * Focus on literacy * 1 Hours worth of activities - including timings for every activity **Learning Outcomes for the unit ** Students will consider Buy now, Pay later schemes, including; what are they what do they offer how they make money why to avoid them To understand what a personal brand is. To consider how we can develop our own personal brands. To think about why being authentic matters. Understand the difference between renting and buying Know the benefits of renting and buying Summarise the process of getting a mortgage Know what a pay slip is Understand how to read the key information on a pay slip Understand factors besides pay for job satisfaction Understand what credit is Understand risks involved in credit Explain the benefits of credit Understand which skills are transferable from study to work Identify additional skills required for the workplace Explain how to successfully transition from study to work Know where to find job adverts Understand tests as part of the application process Understand possible interview questions for a job advert **Why not try out some of our other highly rated Secondary Careers Units:** ☞ [Year 7 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 8 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/careers-and-gatsby-benchmarks-cdi-unit-12256205) ☞ [Year 9 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/cre8tive-careers-year-9-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmarks-12304111) ☞ [Year 10 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 11 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/year-11-careers-unit-12168193) ☞ [Year 12 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y12-cre8tive-careers-unit-12306381) ☞ [Year 13 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y13-cre8tive-careers-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmark-12306383)

Sixth Form KS5 Careers Management + University

Year 12 Careers Personal Development Unit - Post 16 Careers Management + University This is a 7 lesson new Careers + Finance unit for secondary sixth formers. These new lessons are mapped to the CDI framework and the Skills builder programme. Every lesson comes with homework opportunities and will help support your students to make better decisions and choices. **Careers Bundle Content** 7 x Editable 1 Hour+ Lesson Powerpoints 1 x Printable Student Work Booklet that follows the lessons (Optional Support for PP or SEN Students) 1 x End of Unit Assessment Quiz 1 x Team building Escape Room. **Lesson Topics** * UCAS Process + Top Tips for applying * Student Finance explained + Helplines and Support * Budgeting at Uni - Interactive lesson * Advice for making the most of Sixth Form life * Alternatives to going university inc Gap Years Explored * comparing uni vs world of work in an unbiased way * Confidentiality in the Workplace (Can include also whistle blowing) * Writing a cover Letter - Top tips **Each Careers Lesson Pack Contains:** * 1 Fully Editable PowerPoint (Learning Outcomes, Confidence Checkers, Assessment of Learning, Variety of Tasks, Video Embedded URL Clips, Engaging Premium Quality Slides, Extra Support careers Websites, Challenging & Thoughtful Questioning) * Student Worksheet(s) are included with some lessons * Homework Activity * Assessment Opportunity (Confidence Checker) * Teacher Notes (On some slides) * Focus on literacy * 1 Hours worth of activities - including timings for every activity **Why not try out some of our other highly rated Secondary Careers Units:** ☞ [Year 7 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 8 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/careers-and-gatsby-benchmarks-cdi-unit-12256205) ☞ [Year 9 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/cre8tive-careers-year-9-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmarks-12304111) ☞ [Year 10 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/ks3-careers-unit-gatsby-benchmark-standards-12220690) ☞ [Year 11 Gatsby Benchmark Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/year-11-careers-unit-12168193) ☞ [Year 12 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y12-cre8tive-careers-unit-12306381) ☞ [Year 13 Gatsby Benchmark Finance & Careers in Context Unit ](https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/y13-cre8tive-careers-unit-cdi-gatsby-benchmark-12306383) Be Ofsted and DfE PSHE 2020 ready with our resources! Product Code: C8/NEW/PS/FI

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Basics of Writing a Cover Letter

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Title of Lesson: Basics of Writing a Cover Letter

Course Name: 7th grade ELA

Grade Level: 7th grade

Author’s Name: Jessica Huber

Author’s School District: Palmyra Area Middle School

How To Write a Cover Letter With Examples

Cover letters can help differentiate you from other job applicants and be the determining factor of landing your dream job. By taking the time to craft a custom cover letter, a single sheet of paper can help communicate all the human elements that a resume may fall short of capturing about yourself. 

But what do employers and recruiters have to say about how to write a cover letter? What are the best tips they have to offer for graduate students who are writing a cover letter?

We asked 11 employers for their best cover letter tips. Here is what they had to share.

Let it Set the Stage

In many ways, cover letters should provide background information and context to your resume, while simultaneously addressing how that resume addresses the specific requirements of the job opportunity. The cover letter is your opportunity to "set the stage" and to convince the hiring manager why your specific set of skills, experiences and interests will provide value to their team and its objectives.

Andrew Horrigan '11 BSBA (Management Information Systems), Product Manager at Cisco

Research the Hiring Manager

If possible, find out who the hiring manager is and look them up on LinkedIn. Do your research on the company you're applying for. What's their mission statement and how do they portray their company culture? Hopefully what you're looking for in a job is reflected by those things. Make sure the hiring manager knows that and understands who you are and what drives you. A resume is often about as robotic as things can be. Make sure your cover letter is the opposite—personalize it and let yourself shine through.

Joshua Schlag ’05 BS (Computer Science) ’11 MBA, Digital Marketing Manager at Pyramid Analytics

Utilize Career Development Resources

The University of Arizona and Eller College of Management go to great lengths to make sure students are prepared for their impending career journey. Because cover letters are so important to getting your foot in the door, there are several career development resources online and on campus to take advantage of. The university’s cover letter builder serves as a nice template to get started. And of course, it never hurts to make an appointment with an Eller Career Coach through eSMS to have a professional review your letter before submission. 

Brett Farmiloe, ’06 BSBA (Accounting), Founder, Featured

Discover Past Samples of the Position

Do your research on the company and personalize your cover letter to the role for which you are applying. Don't be afraid to Google, "How to write a good cover letter for X position." Seriously, it helps! There is so much information out there from various perspectives—applicants, hiring managers, etc. Most importantly be yourself and let your personality come through. And don't forget to spell check!

Mariam Nikola '17 MS MIS, Consultant at Point B

Highlight Your Soft Skills

When writing a professional cover letter, there are a couple things you can do to set yourself apart from the pack. First, make sure you tailor your letter to the specific position you are applying for. This should not be a general, "one size fits all" letter—be sure to discuss specific details surrounding the role or the company itself. Secondly, this is an opportunity for you to show a little bit of your personality. Obviously, you want to remain professional, but this is a great time to highlight some of your soft skills that might not be fully conveyed through your resume.  

Brian Ellis ’17 BSBA (Management), Staffing Manager at Randstad Office and Administrative Professionals

Fill in the “Why” Gaps

As a talent advisor, I review a lot of applicants and agree that a cover letter can be a great way to stand apart, if it is done correctly. A great cover letter for me covers the ‘why’ that I cannot understand from just a resume alone. It should clearly state why you are interested in the role, what your goals are for utilizing your graduate degree (if recently graduated) and explain any career pivots reflected on your resume. If you answer those questions in a direct, concise manner it will add value to your application.

Monica Larson , ’11 BSBA (Marketing) ‘20 MBA, Talent Advisor

Tell Your Story

A cover letter is your opportunity to tell your story—tying your experience and personal interests into why you want a position and why you are the best candidate for it. Paint the picture of your journey and what about the position excites you personally and professionally. Similar to your resume, keep it short and sweet. No need to repeat what’s already on your resume. Recruiters and hiring managers don’t have time to comb through a novel, so you need to engage them with as few words as possible while also grabbing their attention.

Kelly Castoro, ’06 BA (Spanish, Portuguese), Project Manager at Squarespace

Tailor Each Cover Letter to the Position You Are Applying

Be sure to research the role and customize your cover letter for each position, relating your experience to the particular role you are applying for. Personalization is key—research who you are sending the cover letter to and address the letter to them directly. End your letter with a call to action, stating you will follow up by phone or email if you haven’t heard from anyone. Follow ups are very important! 

Jessica Rosenzweig, ’15 BSBA (Business Management), Account Manager at PeopleWare Staffing

Communicate Bankability and Personality 

Your cover letter answers two crucial questions; are you bankable and are you someone the company will enjoy working with? Communicate bankability with your knowledge of the company, industry and why your skills, capabilities and interests are a great fit. Share your passion for their mission, culture, brand—whatever excites you about becoming a member of their team.  

When conveyed through a concise, well-formulated, well-worded cover letter, you demonstrate the ability to write an effective business case—communicating that you are a ready professional and worthy teammate who will hit the ground running.

Theresa L Garcia, ’83 BSBA (Human Resources), Senior Change Management and Organization Capability Consultant at Boeing

Keep it Concise but Compelling

A cover letter is your chance to speak directly to the hiring team and tell them why you are not only the best match for the position for which you are applying but also give them additional insight into yourself as an individual that is less visible from your experience.

A great cover letter should be attention grabbing and touch upon the qualities that make you stand out from others in the applicant pool, highlight both your recent and most distinguished accomplishments and drive home why you are the right person for the job. Professionalism is always important, but don’t be hesitant to put your voice into the letter to let your personality shine through. Research the company, understand where they currently are, where they are going and show why you are the right person to get them from point A to point B. Recruiters spend a lot of time reviewing applicants and making yourself stand apart from the crowd is key. Keep it concise but compelling!

Matt Reineberg, ’14 BSBA (Marketing), Senior Talent Acquisition Sourcer at Cox Enterprises

Highlight the “Why”

Why are you applying to this company? Why do you want this position? Your cover letter should aim to answer the why behind applying for the job. Conveying an interest and excitement for working specifically for this job at this company, rather than a desire to get any job anywhere that will give you money, can go a long way. Show the company that they should hire you and your passion over someone that might have the skills needed for the job, but doesn’t care about the work as much as you do. 

Ryan Nouis, Trupath 

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More From Forbes

Writing Cover Letters For A Career Change: Tips And Examples

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Embarking on a career change is a pivotal moment, fraught with uncertainty but brimming with potential. And especially in cases where your resume might not directly align with the job at hand, your cover letter becomes the narrative that connects the dots. A well-crafted cover can illuminate your strengths, align your past experiences with your future aspirations, and persuade potential employers to see the value you bring.

The Importance Of A Cover Letter In Career Changes

In career transitions, your cover letter is your storyteller. It explains the why and the how of your career change, showcasing your enthusiasm and demonstrating how your background equips you with unique perspectives and transferable skills. It addresses potential concerns about your career shift head-on, presenting your transition as an asset rather than a liability.

Tips For Writing A Career Change Cover Letter

1. Personalize Your Approach : Address the letter to a specific person whenever possible. Doing so demonstrates attention to detail and a genuine interest in the position. You want to show that you’re not conducting a generic job search, but that you’ve done your research. You’ve perused (not skimmed) the company website and you read that 20-page yearly report from the CEO. You’ve even read their blog and can quote freely from it. You’ve educated yourself.

2. Emphasize Transferable Skills : Highlight the skills and experiences from your previous roles that are relevant to the new position. Be specific and quantify achievements where possible.

3. Show Enthusiasm and Commitment : Employers want to know that you are genuinely interested in the new field. Express your passion for the career change and your eagerness to contribute.

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4. Tailor Your Narrative : Connect your past experiences to the job you're applying for, demonstrating how your unique background can bring a fresh perspective to the role.

5. Address Potential Concerns : Be upfront about your career change, framing it as a positive decision guided by clear motivation and a strong understanding of the new field.

6. End with a Strong Call to Action : Conclude by expressing your desire to discuss your application further in an interview, showing proactivity and determination.

7. Use Strategic Language : Avoid clichéd adjectives. Opt for vivid, specific language that paints a clear picture of your capabilities and achievements.

Example: General Career Change Cover Letter

Dear [Hiring Manager's Name],

I am excited to apply for the [Position] at [Company], transitioning from a career in [Current Industry] to [New Industry]. My experience in [Current Industry] has equipped me with valuable skills that I am eager to apply in [New Industry]. For instance, while working as [Previous Position], I developed a keen ability to [transferable skill], resulting in [specific achievement].

In [Current Industry], I honed my skills in [relevant skill] and demonstrated my ability to [relevant achievement], directly benefiting my team by [specific outcome]. I am particularly drawn to [New Industry] because [reason for interest], and I am enthusiastic about the opportunity to bring my [specific skill] and [another skill] to the [Position] at [Company].

[Your Name]

Tweaks For Various Career Stages

Whether you are making a change early in your career or transitioning later, your cover letter should reflect your rationale and excitement for this new path.

Example: Early Career Cover Letter

As someone at the early stages of my career, I am eager to leverage the foundational skills I gained in [Initial Field], such as [specific skill], in [New Field]. My recent role as [Previous Position] allowed me to develop [relevant skills or experiences], which align closely with the requirements of the [Position] at [Company].

Example: Late Career Cover Letter

Transitioning into [New Field] at this point in my career is a deliberate and enthusiastic choice, driven by my deep-seated interest in [aspect of New Field]. With extensive experience in [Previous Field], I bring a wealth of knowledge and a unique perspective that can contribute to innovative solutions and strategies at [Company].

Tweaks For White And Blue-Collar Roles

Transitioning between white and blue-collar roles offers a unique opportunity to highlight diverse skills and experiences.

Example: White To Blue Collar Cover Letter

I am eager to apply the strategic and managerial skills honed in my white-collar career to the hands-on, dynamic environment of [Blue Collar Field]. My experience in [White Collar Role], where I developed [specific skills], aligns well with the challenges and responsibilities of the [Blue Collar Position] at [Company].

Example: Blue To White Collar Cover Letter

Transitioning from [Blue Collar Field] to [White Collar Field], I bring practical, on-the-ground experience that can inform and enhance the strategic decisions in [White Collar Role]. My background in [Blue Collar Role], where I mastered [specific skills], equips me with a unique perspective beneficial for the [White Collar Position] at [Company].

Including A Career Change Statement On Your Resume/CV

While your cover letter is the ideal place to elaborate on your career change, your resume/CV should also reflect this transition. A brief career change statement, positioned at the beginning of your resume, can effectively set the context for your career narrative. This statement should succinctly convey your transition, emphasizing your commitment to the new field and highlighting any transferable skills or relevant experiences.

How To Craft A Career Change Statement For Your Resume

1. Objective Statement : Begin with a clear, concise objective that outlines your career goals and demonstrates your enthusiasm for your new field.

2. Summary of Qualifications : Follow your objective with a brief summary of your most relevant qualifications, focusing on skills and experiences that transition well into your new career.

3. Highlight Transferable Skills : Clearly identify and emphasize any skills from your previous career that are pertinent to your new path. This not only demonstrates your capability but also shows your proactive approach in aligning your skill set with the new role's requirements.

4. Tailor Your Experience : Adjust the descriptions of your past positions to highlight the responsibilities and achievements most relevant to your desired career path. Use quantifiable achievements to underscore your adaptability and impact.

5. Education and Training : If you have pursued any education or training relevant to your new field, highlight this prominently on your resume to illustrate your dedication and commitment to your career change.

Make Your Language Unique

To avoid sounding like everyone else, remember to use distinctive and precise adjectives in your cover letter and resume. For instance:

• Instead of "experienced," try "seasoned" or "accomplished," providing specific examples that demonstrate this experience, like spearheading a successful project or leading a team to exceed its targets.
• Replace "passionate" with "enthused" or "committed," detailing a project or initiative you pursued with zeal, which can resonate more authentically with hiring managers.
• Substitute "results-driven" with "outcome-focused," illustrating this with a particular scenario where your focus on results led to tangible success for your organization.

Your cover letter and resume are your advocates, narrating your professional journey and articulating why you are not just seeking a new job, but embarking on a new career with purpose and passion. By carefully crafting these documents to reflect your individual story, you position yourself as a memorable and compelling candidate, someone who stands out from the crowd.

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Do You Still Need to Write a Cover Letter?

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This article emphasizes the importance of including a cover letter when applying for jobs, despite conflicting information online. It highlights employers’ expectations and perceptions of cover letters.

How to Write a Cover Letter That Will Get You a Job

I ’ve read thousands, maybe tens of thousands, of cover letters in my career. If you’re thinking that sounds like really boring reading, you’re right. What I can tell you from enduring that experience is that most cover letters are terrible — and not only that, but squandered opportunities. When a cover letter is done well, it can significantly increase your chances of getting an interview, but the vast majority fail that test.

So let’s talk about how to do cover letters right.

First, understand the point of a cover letter.

The whole idea of a cover letter is that it can help the employer see you as more than just your résumé. Managers generally aren’t hiring based solely on your work history; your experience is crucial, yes, but they’re also looking for someone who will be easy to work with, shows good judgment, communicates well, possesses strong critical thinking skills and a drive to get things done, complements their current team, and all the other things you yourself probably want from your co-workers. It’s tough to learn much about those things from job history alone, and that’s where your cover letter comes in.

Because of that …

Whatever you do, don’t just summarize your résumé.

The No. 1 mistake people make with cover letters is that they simply use them to summarize their résumé. This makes no sense — hiring managers don’t need a summary of your résumé! It’s on the very next page! They’re about to see it as soon as they scroll down. And if you think about it, your entire application is only a few pages (in most cases, a one- or two-page résumé and a one-page cover letter) — why would you squander one of those pages by repeating the content of the others? And yet, probably 95 percent of the cover letters I see don’t add anything new beyond the résumé itself (and that’s a conservative estimate).

Instead, your cover letter should go beyond your work history to talk about things that make you especially well-suited for the job. For example, if you’re applying for an assistant job that requires being highly organized and you neurotically track your household finances in a detailed, color-coded spreadsheet, most hiring managers would love to know that because it says something about the kind of attention to detail you’d bring to the job. That’s not something you could put on your résumé, but it can go in your cover letter.

Or maybe your last boss told you that you were the most accurate data processor she’d ever seen, or came to rely on you as her go-to person whenever a lightning-fast rewrite was needed. Maybe your co-workers called you “the client whisperer” because of your skill in calming upset clients. Maybe you’re regularly sought out by more senior staff to help problem-solve, or you find immense satisfaction in bringing order to chaos. Those sorts of details illustrate what you bring to the job in a different way than your résumé does, and they belong in your cover letter.

If you’re still stumped, pretend you’re writing an email to a friend about why you’d be great at the job. You probably wouldn’t do that by stiffly reciting your work history, right? You’d talk about what you’re good at and how you’d approach the work. That’s what you want here.

You don’t need a creative opening line.

If you think you need to open the letter with something creative or catchy, I am here to tell you that you don’t. Just be simple and straightforward:

• “I’m writing to apply for your X position.”

• “I’d love to be considered for your X position.”

• “I’m interested in your X position because …”

• “I’m excited to apply for your X position.”

That’s it! Straightforward is fine — better, even, if the alternative is sounding like an aggressive salesperson.

Show, don’t tell.

A lot of cover letters assert that the person who wrote it would excel at the job or announce that the applicant is a skillful engineer or a great communicator or all sorts of other subjective superlatives. That’s wasted space — the hiring manager has no reason to believe it, and so many candidates claim those things about themselves that most managers ignore that sort of self-assessment entirely. So instead of simply declaring that you’re great at X (whatever X is), your letter should demonstrate that. And the way you do that is by describing accomplishments and experiences that illustrate it.

Here’s a concrete example taken from one extraordinarily effective cover-letter makeover that I saw. The candidate had originally written, “I offer exceptional attention to detail, highly developed communication skills, and a talent for managing complex projects with a demonstrated ability to prioritize and multitask.” That’s pretty boring and not especially convincing, right? (This is also exactly how most people’s cover letters read.)

In her revised version, she wrote this instead:

“In addition to being flexible and responsive, I’m also a fanatic for details — particularly when it comes to presentation. One of my recent projects involved coordinating a 200-page grant proposal: I proofed and edited the narratives provided by the division head, formatted spreadsheets, and generally made sure that every line was letter-perfect and that the entire finished product conformed to the specific guidelines of the RFP. (The result? A five-year, $1.5 million grant award.) I believe in applying this same level of attention to detail to tasks as visible as prepping the materials for a top-level meeting and as mundane as making sure the copier never runs out of paper.”

That second version is so much more compelling and interesting — and makes me believe that she really is great with details.

If there’s anything unusual or confusing about your candidacy, address it in the letter.

Your cover letter is your chance to provide context for things that otherwise might seem confusing or less than ideal to a hiring manager. For example, if you’re overqualified for the position but are excited about it anyway, or if you’re a bit underqualified but have reason to think you could excel at the job, address that up front. Or if your background is in a different field but you’re actively working to move into this one, say so, talk about why, and explain how your experience will translate. Or if you’re applying for a job across the country from where you live because you’re hoping to relocate to be closer to your family, let them know that.

If you don’t provide that kind of context, it’s too easy for a hiring manager to decide you’re the wrong fit or applying to everything you see or don’t understand the job description and put you in the “no” pile. A cover letter gives you a chance to say, “No, wait — here’s why this could be a good match.”

Keep the tone warm and conversational.

While there are some industries that prize formal-sounding cover letters — like law — in most fields, yours will stand out if it’s warm and conversational. Aim for the tone you’d use if you were writing to a co-worker whom you liked a lot but didn’t know especially well. It’s okay to show some personality or even use humor; as long as you don’t go overboard, your letter will be stronger for it.

Don’t use a form letter.

You don’t need to write every cover letter completely from scratch, but if you’re not customizing it to each job, you’re doing it wrong. Form letters tend to read like form letters, and they waste the chance to speak to the specifics of what this employer is looking for and what it will take to thrive in this particular job.

If you’re applying for a lot of similar jobs, of course you’ll end up reusing language from one letter to the next. But you shouldn’t have a single cover letter that you wrote once and then use every time you apply; whatever you send should sound like you wrote it with the nuances of this one job in mind.

A good litmus test is this: Could you imagine other applicants for this job sending in the same letter? If so, that’s a sign that you haven’t made it individualized enough to you and are probably leaning too heavily on reciting your work history.

No, you don’t need to hunt down the hiring manager’s name.

If you read much job-search advice, at some point you’ll come across the idea that you need to do Woodward and Bernstein–level research to hunt down the hiring manager’s name in order to open your letter with “Dear Matilda Jones.” You don’t need to do this; no reasonable hiring manager will care. If the name is easily available, by all means, feel free to use it, but otherwise “Dear Hiring Manager” is absolutely fine. Take the hour you just freed up and do something more enjoyable with it.

Keep it under one page.

If your cover letters are longer than a page, you’re writing too much, and you risk annoying hiring managers who are likely sifting through hundreds of applications and don’t have time to read lengthy tomes. On the other hand, if you only write one paragraph, it’s unlikely that you’re making a compelling case for yourself as a candidate — not impossible, but unlikely. For most people, something close to a page is about right.

Don’t agonize over the small details.

What matters most about your cover letter is its content. You should of course ensure that it’s well-written and thoroughly proofread, but many job seekers agonize over elements of the letter that really don’t matter. I get tons of  questions from job seekers  about whether they should attach their cover letter or put it in the body of the email (answer: No one cares, but attaching it makes it easier to share and will preserve your formatting), or what to name the file (again, no one really cares as long as it’s reasonably professional, but when people are dealing with hundreds of files named “resume,” it’s courteous to name it with your full name).

Approaching your cover letter like this can make a huge difference in your job search. It can be the thing that moves your application from the “maybe” pile (or even the “no” pile) to the “yes” pile. Of course, writing cover letters like this will take more time than sending out the same templated letter summarizing your résumé — but 10 personalized, compelling cover letters are likely to get you more  interview invitations  than 50 generic ones will.

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