imperial quantum computing phd

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PhD Studentship in Distributed Quantum Computing

Scholarship overview, degree level.

Postgraduate doctoral

Full tuition fees at Home or Overseas rate and a stipend of approximately £19,668 per annum

Number of awards

Academic year, tuition fee status.

Home, Overseas

Mode of study

Available to.

Prospective students

Application deadline

01/08/2023 Closed

Additional information

Scholarship page

[email protected]

Available to applicants in the following departments

• Electrical and Electronic Engineering

Eligibility criteria

In addition to satisfy the minimum PhD admission requirements of the EEE Department and Imperial College, you should demonstrate good knowledge and/or experience in some of the following areas: quantum computing, quantum communications, conventional communication networking, distributed computing, stochastic models, optimization, and machine learning. A publication track record or an industry experience in a related field is considered as a plus. Good written and oral communication skills, as well as good programming skills, for example in MATLAB, Python and network simulator, are very desirable.

Please note: This scholarship is not available to continuing students.

Application process

NB: In the application, the proposed research supervisor should be "Kin K. Leung" to indicate that the application is for this post. The research proposal is expected to be concise and should only highlight your expertise in the related area.

Any queries regarding the application process should be directed to Ms. Emma Rainbow at [email protected].

If you have any additional questions, please contact us at [email protected] .

Top 20 Quantum Computing Masters & Ph.D. Degree Programs in 2024

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• June 6, 2022

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Because quantum computing requires a background in research, it’s important for those entering the quantum workforce to go through one of the many rigorous quantum computing Ph.D. or master’s programs.

There are many universities around the world offering quantum computing as a graduate program. Many of them have also spawned some of the biggest names in quantum computing, allowing a bridge to form between research and industry. This is especially beneficial for students looking to transition from academia into a quantum computing job .

While the choices of quantum computing degree programs seem nearly endless, we at Quantum Insider want to offer a summarized list of what we believe are a few of the top ones to get a Ph.D. or master’s in quantum computing. This is not at all exhausting as many universities continue to advance their quantum computing programs or work with companies to help enhance opportunities for their students.

We’ve organized a list of the top 20 quantum computing master’s and Ph.D. programs to get a degree in 2024. Enjoy!

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20 Quantum Computing Degree Programs

1. mit’s lincoln laboratory.

It’s no surprise that the top quantum computing graduate programs are hosted by some of the most prestigious schools. MIT is no exception, as its Lincoln Laboratory studies integrated nano-systems and quantum information. MIT’s masters in quantum computing focus on trapped-ion qubits as well as designing integrated quantum circuits. The laboratory offers several different projects to work on, all with real-world applications.

2. University of California Berkeley

UC Berkeley is one of the many universities in California looking into quantum computing , mimicking the hub of activity by quantum companies in that area. The Berkeley Lab works on harnessing quantum computing to help solve real-world issues. With research topics ranging from quantum materials to even training the quantum workforce, UC Berkeley’s quantum computing masters program offers a multi-disciplinary approach.

3. University of Chicago

The University of Chicago is one of the top quantum computing universities as it is home to the Chicago Quantum Exchange (CQE). The CQE connects other universities in the Midwest, as well as companies and other organizations to discuss developments in quantum technology. Because of the CQE, their quantum computing graduate students get exclusive networking opportunities and the ability to work on cutting-edge research.

4. University of Maryland’s Joint Quantum Institute (JQI)

The University of Maryland’s JQI offers a unique experience for students, as it includes quantum scientists from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the University of Maryland, and the Laboratory for Physical Sciences (LPS). With this diversity in researchers, students have a wide range of quantum degree programs to choose from, including theoretical and experimental quantum physics.

5. University of Southern California’s Center for Quantum Information Science and Technology (CQIST)

Like UC Berkeley, USC’S CQIST focuses on quantum information science. However, its main focuses are on quantum computing, quantum cryptography, and quantum information theory. To research these subjects in their master’s and Ph.D. programs, CQIST brings in experts from both the school of Arts and Sciences and Engineering, giving all students an interdisciplinary focus on quantum computing technology.

6. California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Studying quantum computing at Caltech, students become part of the university’s Institute for Quantum Information and Matter ( IQIM ). This institute is a National Science Foundation Physics Frontier Center , one of many government centers that encourage global collaboration and offer unique opportunities to quantum computing masters and Ph.D. students. These centers also work to give extra activities to enhance student education.

7. Stanford University

Stanford University has multiple researchers studying quantum computing, including the Q-Farm , an acronym standing for Quantum Fundamentals, Architectures, and Machine learning initiative. Q-Farm collaborates with Stanford’s National Acceleration Laboratory ( SLAC ) to develop answers to some of the biggest challenges for quantum computing.

8. Harvard University

Harvard University hosts the Harvard Quantum Initiative , which recently released a new quantum computing Ph.D. program in quantum science and engineering. The Harvard Quantum Initiative has a bustling hub of researchers focusing on properly training the next quantum workforce, while also working with industry partners to advance this technology. They offer a prize for Ph.D. researchers in quantum engineering as well as several summer research programs.

9. Carnegie Mellon University

The Pittsburgh Quantum Institute ( PQI ) at Carnegie Mellon University hosts over 100 members and workers to create a multidisciplinary quantum computing graduate program that involves engineering, business, philosophy of science, and other fields. PQI offers many opportunities to its quantum engineering students, including travel awards, poster sessions, public lectures, and outreach activities. The PQI also works closely with other centers, like the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, to work on this next-generation quantum technology.

10. University of Colorado Boulder

Within the University of Colorado Boulder lies JILA , a leading quantum physics degree institute created by a partnership between the University and NIST. JILA hosts its own NSF Physics Frontier Center, as well as several other centers focused on quantum computing and laser systems. Several of the scientists within JILA work closely with quantum computing companies, allowing their master’s and Ph.D. students better networking opportunities within Colorado, a growing hub of quantum activity.

11. The University of Waterloo

Canada’s University of Waterloo is one of the best well-known universities for quantum computing due to its Institute for Quantum Computing . With over 29 faculty members and 300 researchers, their quantum computing Ph.D. program works to train the next generation of the quantum workforce through global collaborations involving other universities, organizations, and quantum companies.

12. The University of Bristol

Both the Bristol Quantum Information Institute and its Quantum Engineering Technology labs help make the university one of the top places to get a Ph.D. or master’s in quantum computing. The Quantum Engineering Technology Labs develop prototypes for quantum applications, from computing to sensing to simulations. With a group of mentors and advisors, students of this quantum computing degree program will learn more about the career paths within this field and be assisted in their journey.

13. The University of Cambridge

The University of Cambridge has bolstered its reputation in quantum computing due to the company spin-offs from the university. Within the university are many research groups that study quantum devices and nano-systems. Because of its reputation, the University of Cambridge brings opportunities for network connections within the UK’s quantum hub.

14. Oxford University

Perhaps the largest center for quantum research in the UK, Oxford University ‘s quantum computing graduate program hosts 38 different research teams and over 200 researchers. As their focus is to harness the power of quantum computing, students get hands-on experience developing next-level quantum technology, while being in the center of the UK’s quantum network.

15. Ecole Polytechnique

The Institut Polytechnique de Paris is one of France’s most prestigious universities, as it hosts the Center for Theoretical Physics ( CPHT ). Their quantum physics degree programs offer students a wide range of physics topics, from condensed matter to particle physics.

16. Delft University of Technology

Located in the Netherlands, Delft University’s Department of Quantum and Computer Engineering ( QCE ) combines computer science with quantum computing. In their quantum engineering degree program, students research quantum architecture and circuitry, combining it with computer design.

17. Austrian Academy of Sciences

The Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information ( IQOQI ) lies within the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Their quantum computing degree programs range from quantum optics to superconducting quantum circuits to quantum nanophysics. With a large staff of researchers and scientists, this quantum computing university sits right in the middle of the quantum hub in Europe.

18. University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)

The USTC’s Division of Quantum Physics and Quantum Information is a world leader in quantum computing research. Scientists and students at this center focus on fiber-based quantum communication, free-space quantum communication, quantum memory, superconducting quantum computing, quantum simulation, and many other fields. With an electronics shop and over 37 faculty members, the USTC will no doubt continue to be one of the leading quantum computing degree programs.

19. The National University of Singapore (NUS)

The NUS’s Center for Quantum Technologies ( CQT ) focuses on bringing quantum computing students and scientists from around the world together to develop quantum devices. The CQT focuses on quantum research and education as well as quantum technology. Every year, the CQT runs a short-film competition about quantum technology called Quantum Shorts .

20. The University of Sydney

The University of Sydney is a growing location for quantum computing research, partially due to Australia’s first quantum computing conference last year. Research at the University of Sydney ranges from theoretical to experimental, offering a wide range of quantum computing masters and Ph.D. programs for graduate students. The University also works with many different organizations, including the Sydney Quantum Academy.

If you found this article to be informative, make sure to explore more of the current quantum technology news  here . If you would like to explore enterprise end users of quantum in more detail, you should check out our dedicated  market intelligence platform .

If you found this article to be informative, you can explore more current quantum news here , exclusives, interviews, and podcasts.

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Best Doctorates in Quantum Computing: Top PhD Programs, Career Paths, and Salaries

After earning a master’s degree, most graduates set their sights on a doctoral degree or PhD. A PhD is the highest level of education, and earning this esteemed degree will skyrocket your employability potential, industry credibility, and salary range. In this article, we share the best PhDs in Quantum Computing and the expected PhD in Quantum Computing salary.

Besides being highly paid, this field of study offers many exciting opportunities to work with pioneering theory in quantum information technology. PhD in Quantum Computing students will participate in ground-breaking research and upon graduation will be eligible for the best quantum computing jobs in the tech industry.

Find your bootcamp match

What is a phd in quantum computing.

A PhD in Quantum Computing is the highest level of education for professionals in quantum technology. The degree takes four to six years to complete and covers different quantum computing theories, including quantum simulation, quantum sensing, quantum communication, and quantum information theory. The PhD degree facilitates advanced research and facilitates innovative discoveries.

How to Get Into a Quantum Computing PhD Program: Admission Requirements

The core requirements to get into a quantum computing PhD program are a master’s degree in computer science, math, physics, or a related field, a resume highlighting your work experience, letters of recommendation, and a GRE or GMAT score. Additional admission requirements include application fees, English proficiency test scores, transcripts, a statement of purpose, essays, and a high GPA.

Generally, these are the minimum PhD admission requirements, but the prerequisites can differ from school to school. You will find a detailed list of requirements on the selected school’s website.

PhD in Quantum Computing Admission Requirements

• Application form and fee
• Master’s degree in Physics, Computer Science, or a related field
• GRE, GMAT, and English proficiency test scores
• Two or three letters of recommendation
• Statement of purpose
• Transcripts

Quantum Computing PhD Acceptance Rates: How Hard Is It to Get Into a PhD Program in Quantum Computing?

It is extremely hard to get into a PhD program in quantum computing. Quantum computing is difficult to learn, and a PhD demands a lot of attention to detail, research, and one-on-one interactions between students and professors. That means that universities maintain small class sizes to ensure student success.

The Council of Graduate Schools survey indicates that the overall PhD acceptance rate is 22.3 percent . Public universities accept approximately 26.4 percent of applicants, while private universities accept 16.3 percent of applicants. These numbers will vary by school. For example, the University of South Carolina admits 10-15 percent of its PhD applicants , and Harvard University admits approximately seven percent of the doctoral degree applicants.

How to Get Into the Best Universities

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Best PhDs in Quantum Computing: In Brief

Best universities for quantum computing phds: where to get a phd in quantum computing.

The best PhD quantum computing programs offer quality instruction in advanced quantum computing topics, research work, and unique assistantship opportunities. Some institutions also offer the flexibility of online learning.  Keep reading for an overview of the best quantum computing PhD programs, including admission requirements and funding opportunities.

California Institute of Technology , also known as Caltech, is a private institution known for its research in science and engineering. The university was founded in 1891 and offers a wide range of graduate options, including astrophysics, medical engineering, neurobiology, chemistry, applied mechanics, and computing and mathematical sciences.

Caltech is currently involved in several research initiatives where students can contribute through assistantships or coursework.

PhD in Computing and Mathematical Sciences

A PhD in Computing and Mathematical Sciences accommodates students with a background in applied math, economics, electrical engineering, physical sciences, and computer science. You will delve into a wide range of topics such as algorithms, machine learning, signal processing, statistics, data interpretation, and laws of quantum mechanics.

You will participate in quantum and information computation research , where you will learn from world-class faculty and contribute to ongoing research. Additionally, you will select a research advisor who will guide you through the ins and outs of your dissertation.

PhD in Computing and Mathematical Sciences Overview

• Program Length: Six years
• Acceptance Rate: 7%
• Tuition and Fees: $58,467/year
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Assistantships, external fellowship, institute fellowship, parent support program, and federal, institute, and short-term emergency loans

PhD in Computing and Mathematical Sciences Admission Requirements

• A bachelor’s degree or equivalent
• Official and unofficial transcripts
• Three letters of recommendation
• A statement of purpose
• An updated resume
• English proficiency test scores
• $100 application fee or fee waiver form

Capitol Technology University was founded in 1927 and is a premier institution for STEM programs. The graduate school is known for its programs in information technology, business, computer science, and engineering. Capital Tech offers twenty-nine graduate programs, which are all online.

PhD in Quantum Computing

The PhD in Quantum Computing prepares you for many careers. Upon graduation, you can work as a quantum computing director, senior quantum systems engineer, or director of financial quantum computing. The quantum computing industry is growing rapidly, and Capitol aims to equip PhD students with the vital skills that meet industry needs. 

The curriculum features six-credit coursework that takes you from the foundational stages of a dissertation thesis to completion. Students can select between a thesis and publication option to meet graduation requirements. Capitol Tech PhD graduates demonstrate mastery in quantum computing, theoretical basis, and practical applications, as well as proficiency in research.

PhD in Quantum Computing Overview

• Program Length: Two to four years
• Acceptance Rate: N/A
• Tuition and Fees: $933/credit
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Tuition discounts, loans, assistantships, veteran benefits, scholarships
• Master’s in relevant field
• Resume demonstrating at least five years of work experience
• Two recommendation forms
• 1000 to 2000-word essay
• $100 application fee

Founded in 1636, Harvard University is one of the best private Ivy League universities worldwide. The university is known for its commitment to research, high-quality education, and a strong academic community. Harvard's graduate school offers over 50 graduate programs and guarantees five years of funding for all PhD students.

PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering

You will complete this PhD under the Harvard Quantum Initiative , a program only available for PhD students. The degree prepares you for diverse research careers that require knowledge of quantum mechanics methods. 

You will cover quantum simulation, sensing, and computation. PhD students begin research work in their first year through lab rotations and engage in extensive mentoring programs. Communication training is also a part of the program.

PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering Overview

• Program Length: Five years
• Tuition and Fees: $52,456/year for the first two years of study                  
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, grants, research assistantships, traineeships, stipends, federal student aid, loans, veteran benefits

PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering Admission Requirements

• Bachelor’s degree in Physics, Mathematics, Chemistry, Computer Science, or a related field
• $105 application fee

Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a private land-grant university founded in 1861. The university is known for its research contributions across various industries. It prioritizes education, research, and innovation. MIT's department of physics contributes to innovation by offering doctoral programs in statistics, data science, and physics.

PhD in Physics, Statistics, and Data Science

At the MIT Physics Department, PhD students will learn probability theory, modeling with machine learning, natural language programming, statistical physics, and linear algebra. As an MIT PhD student, you will acquire essential research skills in probability, statistics, computation, and data analysis, and integrate these into your dissertation thesis. You can choose from a wide selection of research areas and specialize in quantum information science.

PhD in Physics, Statistics, and Data Science Overview

• Program Length: 3-7 years, 5.6 years on average
• Acceptance Rate: 9%
• Tuition and Fees: $27,755/term        
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, research assistantships, teaching assistantships

PhD in Physics, Statistics, Data Science Admission Requirement

• $75 application fee
• Unofficial transcripts
• 3-6 letters of recommendation
• Statement of objectives

Purdue University is a  public university founded in 1869 by the Indiana General Assembly. It was named after John Purdue, who contributed over $100,000 to the school’s establishment. Purdue has undergone many upgrades to become one of the leading research institutions worldwide.

Purdue upholds student-centered traditions and prides itself on a solid alumni network comprising former undergraduate and graduate students. Purdue’s graduate school offers over 160 programs. Graduate students have the opportunity to develop innovative projects in different areas, including business, technology, health care, and food consumption.

PhD in Physics                     

Purdue University’s Department of Physics and Astronomy maintains a commitment to producing highly-qualified scientists who thrive in the professional sector. Students will explore different courses and receive mentorship from over 50 faculty members, including members of the National Academy of Sciences.

The program offers many research areas, but you can specialize in quantum information science. This area of study allows you to conduct research in information theory, optical physics, and condensed matter systems. It also qualifies you as a member of the Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute Research Group, where you will contribute to ongoing research at the university.

PhD in Physics Overview

• Program Length: Three to four years
• Acceptance Rate: 30%
• Tuition and Fees: $347.85/ credit (in state), $948.30/ credit (out of state)      
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Assistantships, fellowships, grants, loans, scholarships

PhD in Physics Admission Requirements

• Master’s degree in relevant field
• $60 application fee
• GRE scores (optional)
• Official transcripts

UC Berkeley is a renowned public research university located in sunny California. The university was founded in 1868 and is known for its high academic standards, unique undergraduate programs, and extensive academic offerings. 

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Graduate students at UC Berkeley can select from over 100 graduate degrees and various exchange programs. As a student, you will participate in innovative research while interacting with a diverse student community.

PhD in Physics

The physics department at UC Berkeley has designed this PhD program to provide students with a holistic learning experience. Once you demonstrate your competence to pursue the program, you will begin extensive coursework in quantum mechanics. 

The faculty mentors will advise you on the best quantum research programs before your preliminary exam. Once you pass the exam, you will start your research and submit progress reports until the last stage. Students complete the candidacy and defend their dissertation before a dignified thesis committee.

• Tuition and Fees: $5,721/semester
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, federal student loans, scholarships
• Bachelor’s degree in relevant field
• $120 application fee
• 3.0 GPA scores
• Physics GRE test scores (optional)

The University of Chicago is among the leading research universities worldwide. It was founded in 1890 and is known for its state-of-the-art resources, numerous affiliations to innovators and award winners, and an exciting graduate life. Graduate students have access to many doctoral programs in the professional schools, including the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering.

The Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering offers this degree to successful PhD applicants. This degree lets you interact with industry experts in quantum science. You will learn about fundamental and applied quantum science, explore courses that shape your future within the quantum computing industry, and receive valuable thesis advice from outstanding advisors.

To graduate, you must complete nine core, specialized, and elective courses. Additionally, you will complete the teaching assistantship at the university after approval from the Vice Dean for Education and Outreach and the Dean of Students. You can also apply for work at several quantum research firms like the Chicago Quantum Exchange.

• Tuition and Fees: $19,204/quarter   
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Fellowships, teaching assistantships, research assistantships
• Bachelor’s Degree in a STEM field
• $90 application fee

University of Maryland is a world-renowned public research university founded in 1856. The land-grant institution offers over 230 graduate programs and confers at least 2,800 degrees every year. UMD is known for its extensive research in various fields, including quantum computing, artificial intelligence and robotics, cybersecurity, and computational biology.

PhD in Computer Science

The program targets those looking to expand their knowledge in areas of computer science through research. You must understand computer science fundamentals and demonstrate your ability to engage in extensive research work. Selecting the quantum computing area of study allows you to delve into quantum mechanics for computational complexity, data transmission, information processing, and cryptographic security.

You will work with a world-class faculty to uncover innovations in quantum computers and how quantum computing principles apply to classical computers. The associated faculty currently investigates different topics, including programming languages, quantum algorithms, and hardware architectures. You can also apply for assistantships at the university’s new Quantum Startup Foundry.

PhD in Computer Science Overview

• Program Length: Four years
• Acceptance Rate: 22.8%
• Tuition and Fees: $768/credit (in state), $1,706/credit (out of state)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Assistantship, fellowship, grants

PhD in Computer Science Admission Requirements

• GRE (optional)
• 3.5 GPA (recommended)

If you are interested in pursuing your quantum computing doctoral abroad, you should apply to the University of Oxford. The University of Oxford is a leading academic institution known for contributing to research and its rigorous academic programs. The university prides itself on years of solid history as one of the oldest universities worldwide, dating back to 1096.   

The university offers a wide range of degree programs, including over 300 graduate courses. PhD students also access many research resources, including dedicated research groups like Quantum Group .

Quantum computing research at the University of Oxford leans into the university’s rich history, combining prior computing milestones with current quantum computing principles. You will pursue a PhD in Computer Science, where you’ll pursue cutting-edge research as part of the Quantum Group, and specialize in quantum science. 

• Acceptance Rate: 18.5%
• Tuition and Fees: $10,766/ year (citizens), $35,670/year (international students)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Loans, studentships, scholarships, teaching assistantships
• First-class or high second-class bachelor’s degree with honors and a master’s degree in a relevant field
• Detailed resume
• Letters of recommendation
• $93.70 application fee

The University of Waterloo began operations in 1957 and has transformed into a premier public research university. It is a large university, sitting on over 1,000 acres and with an undergraduate enrollment of 36,020 students. Students can select doctoral programs from a list of over 190 graduate programs, including actuarial science, civil engineering, computer science, and nanotechnology.

PhD in Computer Science (Quantum Information)

You will complete this doctoral degree at the Institute of Quantum Computing. Students who select the quantum information area of study explore topics such as quantum biology, nanoelectronics-based quantum information processing, optical quantum information, and quantum devices.

Upon graduation, you will have the expertise to lead and contribute to advanced quantum computing research projects.

PhD in Computer Science (Quantum Information) Overview

• Program Length: Four to five years
• Tuition and Fees: $2,254/term (citizens), $7,396/term (international students)
• PhD Funding Opportunities: Scholarships, university funding, grants, bursaries, loans, assistantships

PhD in Computer Science (Quantum Information) Admission Requirements

• Master’s in Physics with at least 75% standing
• $125 application fee
• Three reference letters
• English proficiency tests
• Letter of admission and study permit for international students

Can You Get a PhD in Quantum Computing Online?

Yes, you can get a PhD in Quantum Computing online. As technology continues to offer more flexibility, universities are adjusting their PhD learning formats, allowing students to complete these degrees at their pace and from desired locations. Below are the top five schools for an online PhD in Quantum Computing.

Best Online PhD Programs in Quantum Computing

How long does it take to get a phd in quantum computing.

It takes four to seven years to get a PhD in Quantum Computing. Students must complete advanced quantum computing coursework, pass a comprehensive exam, and submit original research work demonstrating quantum computing applications. The original research, also referred to as a dissertation, plays a significant role in determining how long your PhD takes.

Is a PhD in Quantum Computing Hard?

Yes, a PhD in Quantum Computing is hard. You must develop in-depth knowledge of quantum computers and the process of designing, developing, and building fully-functional quantum machines. A PhD in Quantum Computing involves advanced coursework that includes quantum mechanics, physics, computational intelligence, and big data. These courses are very technical and challenging for any student.

You must also submit an extensive original dissertation, which involves a lot of research. Generally, the dissertation totals 70,000 to 100,000 words. You will spend months discovering new quantum computing theories, developing concepts, and defending everything you discover. In a nutshell, you must be ready and committed before pursuing a PhD in Quantum Computing.

How Much Does It Cost to Get a PhD in Quantum Computing?

It costs $8,000-$50,000 per year to get a PhD in Quantum Computing. According to a 2019 survey by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), PhD students in public institutions pay an average of $11,495 per year. Meanwhile, private institution tuition and fees average $23,138 per year.

It is important to note that these figures don’t represent the full cost of attendance, and you should also consider the cost of living, transportation, and supplies. You can always find the right estimate on the school’s website or through the admissions team.

How to Pay for a PhD in Quantum Computing: PhD Funding Options

The PhD funding options that students can use to pay for a PhD in Quantum Computing include federal grad student loans, scholarships and grants, fellowships, assistantships, and self-funding.

Funding for quantum computing grad students comes from different sources, including universities, charities, government bodies, and quantum computing research institutions. You can find reliable funding options by talking to your peers, building your portfolio, saving up, or pursuing funded PhD programs in Quantum Computing.

Best Online Master’s Degrees

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What Is the Difference Between a Quantum Computing Master’s Degree and PhD?

The differences between a quantum computing master’s degree and PhD are the time frame, coursework, funding, and career opportunities. Generally, students complete a Master’s in Quantum Computing before pursuing a PhD, but it is not mandatory for all academic institutions. A PhD takes approximately four to seven years, whereas you can complete your master’s in two years.

The PhD curriculum is very advanced compared to the master’s degree . You must submit a dissertation of your original research work and complete a comprehensive exam before earning your PhD. A PhD in Quantum Computing is also more expensive, but you have access to more funding avenues, including fellowships and assistantships.

Master’s vs. PhD in Quantum Computing Job Outlook

The job outlook for quantum computing professionals with a master’s degree is slightly higher than those with a PhD in the same field. For example, the Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates computer and information scientists have a 22 percent job growth rate. These include quantum computing researchers, engineers, and scientists.

On the other hand, BLS classifies senior quantum computing professionals under physicists and astronomers, representing an 8 percent job growth rate over the next ten years. The job outlook may differ because a Master’s in Quantum Computing prepares you for industrial-oriented jobs, whereas a PhD is more focused on research and academic careers.

The difference in Salary for Quantum Computing Master’s vs. PhD

The salary difference for quantum computing master’s and PhD holders is slightly different, with PhD graduates earning more. Although there are no specific salary outlooks for quantum computing, PayScale statistics highlight salaries for computing professionals.

Generally, a PhD in Computing makes you eligible for an average salary of $134,000 per year , while a Master’s in Computing will earn you an average of $111,000 per year . Remember, these are blanket figures for computing jobs, and the salary will differ depending on your job title, location, and employer.

Related Quantum Computing Degrees

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Why You Should Get a PhD in Quantum Computing

You should get a PhD in Quantum Computing because of the career opportunities, higher earning potential, and extensive knowledge and research opportunities this degree provides. In addition, quantum computing is a highly technical field, and pursuing a PhD allows you to explore uncharted areas of this rapidly growing field.

Reasons for Getting a PhD in Quantum Computing

• Research Opportunities. A PhD involves a lot of research work, allowing you to make valuable contributions to the field of quantum computers. You will spend a year or more completing your dissertation of original research and making innovative discoveries, which will enhance your knowledge of quantum computing.
• Higher Earning Potential. A PhD in Quantum Computing is the highest level of education, which means you can negotiate for higher salaries in any job. Although PhD holders have a lower job outlook, they will still earn more than master’s degree holders and undergraduate professionals.
• Career Opportunities. With advancements in quantum technology, more people pursue computing careers, which makes this field a highly competitive industry. Earning a PhD in Quantum Computing places you ahead of your competition. It is a highly technical field that requires extensive knowledge, and employers will prioritize those with advanced credentials.
• Become a Quantum Computing Expert.  Through extensive research, projects, and advanced coursework, you will gain expert-level knowledge of quantum computers and become an expert in all things quantum computing. Quantum computing PhD holders gain advanced skills in various areas, including quantum research, algorithmic thinking, and quantum software tools.
• Reach your Full Potential. Earning a PhD in Quantum Computing allows you to reach your full potential. Pursuing a PhD in Quantum Computing is very hard and tests your resilience. Committing to the end allows you to grow professionally and individually through discipline and dedication.

Getting a PhD in Quantum Computing: Quantum Computing PhD Coursework

Getting a PhD in Quantum Computing involves completing extensive coursework that tackles every area of quantum computing. The standard quantum computing PhD coursework includes advanced courses, comprehensive exams, research work, assistantships, and a dissertation thesis. Below is a further analysis of the coursework, graduation requirements, and career outlook.

Quantum Optics

Quantum optics is an area of physics that focuses on applying quantum mechanics principles to occurrences involving light. You will learn about the nature of individual quanta of light, known as a proton, and its interaction with atoms and molecules. You will also explore the history of quantum optics, the first significant developments, and their applications to quantum computing.

Quantum Information Processing

Quantum information processing (QIP) is a core quantum computing course because it tackles an important part of the quantum computing system. This course will teach you how to process, analyze, and interpret quantum data using quantum information processing techniques. You will also explore quantum circuits, quantum control, quantum error-correction systems, quantum complexity theory, and quantum algorithms.

Implementation of Quantum Information Processors

In this course, you will discover the obstacles to implementing a quantum computing device and how to overcome them. You will learn about minimizing control and manipulation to achieve gate operations and the significance of quantum processors in QIP. You will also discover how quantum processors perform calculations based on probability.

Quantum Material Modeling

Quantum materials include topological insulators, magnets, superconductors, and multiferroics. You will learn how quantum materials affect current theory and contribute to quantum computing. Additionally, the course explores the tools and methods required to analyze, synthesize and manipulate these materials.

Quantum Cryptography   

Quantum cryptography or quantum key contribution refers to the process of encrypting and protecting quantum information using quantum mechanics principles. You will learn to apply quantum cryptography to data transmission, avoiding leaks and hacking incidents.

Best Master’s Degrees

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How to Get a PhD in Quantum Computing: Doctoral Program Requirements

To get a PhD in Quantum Computing, you must fulfill the doctoral program requirements. The requirements include a dissertation thesis, exam results, course requirements, candidacy, assistantship requirements, residency, and research seminars.

The requirements are diverse and may vary depending on the academic institution. If you are wondering how to get a PhD in Quantum Computing, read the below list detailing five standard graduation requirements for quantum computing PhD students.

You must fulfill all the course requirements as per the university’s prerequisites. The coursework will include core courses, electives, and specialized courses. Students must complete all core courses and select a specific number of courses from the other categories. For example, Harvard University requires you to complete four core courses, add two specializations, and three elective courses.

You will complete qualifying or preliminary exams as part of the degree program. Students will complete a comprehensive exam that demonstrates their academic foundation and knowledge of quantum computing fundamentals. This exam will be administered in written or verbal form and indicates you are ready to begin your dissertation work.

Assistantships involve simultaneously working and learning within the academic institution. You can select a teaching, research, lab, or general graduate assistantship. Although assistantships are a mandatory PhD requirement, you will benefit from tuition waivers, cash compensation, and employee benefits like health insurance. You can confirm all the benefits for each program with the graduate studies department.

A PhD candidacy refers to the stage where you have completed all graduation prerequisites except the dissertation thesis. You will complete all the required courses and pass a qualifying exam before advancing into candidacy. Keep in mind that you must submit an application form to qualify for the candidacy.

All quantum computing PhD students must complete a detailed thesis of original research work in an area of quantum computing. You will explain your research sources, methods, references, and other relevant parts of a dissertation. Furthermore, you must defend your dissertation work in front of a thesis committee that will ask a variety of open-ended questions.

Potential Careers With a Quantum Computing Degree

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PhD in Quantum Computing Salary and Job Outlook

Graduates with a PhD in Quantum Computing enjoy high salaries and access to many job industries. Generally, you will earn between $90,000 and $150,000 or higher depending on your employer. The job outlook is promising because it requires applicants with extensive knowledge in the field, while an increasing number of organizations are implementing quantum computers.

What Can You Do With a PhD in Quantum Computing?

With a PhD in Quantum Computing, you can work as a senior quantum scientist, quantum senior software engineer, quantum optics researcher, and quantum computing research lead. Quantum computing PhD graduates have access to a wide range of career opportunities at senior levels.

You can also apply for jobs across different industries, including health care, academia, Blockchain and cryptocurrencies, supply chain management, cyber security, and finance. Many major companies like IBM Quantum, Microsoft Azure Quantum, Cambridge Quantum, and Amazon are developing quantum computing services.

Best Jobs with a PhD in Quantum Computing

• Quantum computing professor
• Quantum optics researcher
• Quantum error correction researcher
• Quantum software engineer
• Quantum research scientist

What Is the Average Salary for a PhD in Quantum Computing

According to PayScale data, a PhD in Computing makes you eligible for an average salary of $134,000 . This figure includes all computing professionals, but quantum computing professionals have even higher earning potential.

Highest-Paying Quantum Computing Jobs for PhD Grads

Best quantum computing jobs with a doctorate.

A Doctorate in Quantum Computing opens doors to jobs with lucrative salaries and amazing benefits. The best quantum computing jobs with a doctorate are primarily senior roles that come with a wide range of responsibilities. Below, you will explore a detailed overview of the highest-paying jobs for PhD graduates, including job outlook, and responsibilities.

Quantum system managers act as project managers in quantum computing organizations. You will plan, coordinate, and lead the team in implementing quantum computing activities to meet company needs. In addition, you will direct the maintenance of quantum computers, negotiate with vendors, propose new quantum technology, and report to the stakeholders.

• Salary with a Quantum Computing PhD: $159,010
• Job Outlook: 11% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 482,000
• Highest-Paying States : New York, California, New Jersey, Washington, District of Columbia

Quantum physicists explore the physical laws that influence the behavior of atoms, electrons, and photons. You will design and perform experiments, develop and explain scientific theories, develop computer software, write scientific papers, and analyze physical data. This is a broad role that entails a wide selection of duties and requires knowledge of quantum algorithms, machine learning, quantum sensing, and quantum mechanics.

• Salary with a Quantum Computing PhD: $152,430
• Job Outlook: 9% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 19,500
• Highest-Paying States : Pennsylvania, Kansas, Arizona, California, Missouri

Quantum research scientists help quantum computing organizations to solve problems with research. You will apply quantum theory principles to enhance how quantum computers optimize problems and improve performance. You will also analyze performance results, develop computing languages, present research findings, and test software systems operations.

• Salary with a Quantum Computing PhD: $131,490
• Job Outlook: 22% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 33,000
• Highest-Paying States: Oregon, Arizona, Texas, Massachusetts, Washington

A quantum computing engineer applies quantum mechanics principles in designing and executing computing experiments. You will design and implement system improvements and collaborate with other engineers within the company to meet set goals. You must demonstrate expertise in electrical and electronic engineering, computer science, quantum physics, artificial intelligence, and programming languages.

• Salary with a Quantum Computing PhD: $108,774
• Number of Jobs: 1,847,900
• Highest-Paying States: California, Washington, Maryland, New York, Rhode Island

Quantum computing professors teach quantum computing at the university level. You will teach undergraduate or graduate students, depending on your expertise and the experience you gain from the assistantship. Some of your duties will include developing a course outline, planning lessons and preparing assignments, advising students on the right courses, conducting research, and contributing to curriculum changes.

• Salary with a Quantum Computing PhD: $93,070
• Job Outlook: 12% job growth from 2020 to 2030
• Number of Jobs: 1,276,900
• Highest-Paying States: California, Massachusetts, New York, Oregon, Wisconsin

Is a PhD in Quantum Computing Worth It?

Yes, a PhD in Quantum Computing is worth it. A PhD is the highest level of education and gives you in-depth knowledge of quantum computing skills. It comes with a wide selection of benefits including higher earning potential, research opportunities, and senior career opportunities.

The future of quantum computing is promising as more organizations develop quantum computing cloud services and design quantum computers. You can expand your opportunities across different industries and leave your mark on the development of quantum computers.

Additional Reading About Quantum Computing

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PhD in Quantum Computing FAQ

You can get a job in quantum computing by pursuing an accredited education path, improving your quantum computing skills, and gaining experience through internships and entry-level or mid-level jobs. You can also expand your portfolio by working on a wide variety of quantum computing projects. A PhD in the field will be the peak academic achievement on your CV.

No, you don’t need a PhD in quantum computing to pursue senior careers. The quantum computing industry accommodates master’s degree holders for senior roles. However, pursuing a PhD boosts your research capabilities.

Yes, quantum computing is the future. Many organizations are adapting quantum computing applications, and the industry is witnessing a rise in the number of quantum computing startups . The growth also indicates job security throughout the future for quantum computing professionals.

The programming languages you can use in quantum computing include QML, Quantum Lambda Calculus, QMASM, QCL, and Silq. You will learn how to use these languages to translate data into ideas that quantum computers can implement.

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Harvard Launches PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering

Drawing on world-class research community, program will prepare leaders of the ‘quantum revolution’.

Harvard University today announced one of the world’s first PhD programs in Quantum Science and Engineering, a new intellectual discipline at the nexus of physics, chemistry, computer science and electrical engineering with the promise to profoundly transform the way we acquire, process and communicate information and interact with the world around us.

The University is already home to a robust quantum science and engineering research community, organized under the Harvard Quantum Initiative . With the launch of the PhD program, Harvard is making the next needed commitment to provide the foundational education for the next generation of innovators and leaders who will push the boundaries of knowledge and transform quantum science and engineering into useful systems, devices and applications. 

“The new PhD program is designed to equip students with the appropriate experimental and theoretical education that reflects the nuanced intellectual approaches brought by both the sciences and engineering,” said faculty co-director Evelyn Hu , Tarr-Coyne Professor of Applied Physics and of Electrical at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS). “The core curriculum dramatically reduces the time to basic quantum proficiency for a community of students who will be the future innovators, researchers and educators in quantum science and engineering.”

“Quantum science and engineering is not just a hybrid of subjects from different disciplines, but an important new area of study in its own right,” said faculty co-director John Doyle , Henry B. Silsbee Professor of Physics. “A Ph.D. program is necessary and foundational to the development of this new discipline.”

Quantum science and engineering is not just a hybrid of subjects from different disciplines, but an important new area of study in its own right.

“America’s continued success leading the quantum revolution depends on accelerating the next generation of talent,” said Dr. Charles Tahan, Assistant Director for Quantum Information Science at the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy and Director of the National Quantum Coordination Office. “It’s nice to see that a key component of Harvard’s education strategy is optimizing how core quantum-relevant concepts are taught.”

The University is also finalizing plans for the comprehensive renovation of a campus building into a new state-of-the-art quantum hub – a shared resource for the quantum community with instructional and research labs, spaces for seminars and workshops, and places for students, faculty, and visiting researchers and collaborators to meet and convene. Harvard’s quantum headquarters will integrate the educational, research, and translational aspects of the diverse field of quantum science and engineering in an architecturally cohesive way. This critical element of Harvard’s quantum strategy was made possible by generous gifts from Stacey L. and David E. Goel ‘93 and several other alumni .

“Existing technologies are reaching the limit of their capacity and cannot drive the innovation we need for the future, specifically in areas like semiconductors and the life sciences,” said David Goel, co-founder and managing general partner of Waltham, Mass.-based Matrix Capital Management Company, LP and one of Harvard’s most ardent supporters. “Quantum is an enabler, providing a multiplier effect on a logarithmic scale. It is a catalyst that drives scientific revolutions and epoch-making paradigm shifts.”

“Harvard is making significant institutional investments in its quantum enterprise and in the creation of a new field,” said Science Division Dean Christopher Stubbs , Samuel C. Moncher Professor of Physics and of Astronomy. Stubbs added that several active searches are underway to broaden Harvard’s faculty strength in this domain, and current faculty are building innovative partnerships around quantum research with industry.

“An incredible foundation has been laid in quantum, and we are now at an inflection point to accelerate that activity,” said SEAS Dean Frank Doyle , John A. and Elizabeth S. Armstrong Professor of Engineering and Applied Sciences.

An incredible foundation has been laid in quantum, and we are now at an inflection point to accelerate that activity.

To enable opportunities to move from basic to applied research to translating ideas into products, Doyle described a vision for “integrated partnerships where we invite partners from the private sector to be embedded on the campus to learn from the researchers in our labs, and where our faculty connect to the private sector and national labs to learn about the cutting-edge applications, as well as help translate basic research into useful tools for society.”

Harvard will admit the first cohort of PhD candidates in Fall 2022 and anticipates enrolling 35 to 40 students in the program. Participating faculty are drawn from physics and chemistry in Harvard’s Division of Science and applied physics, electrical engineering, and computer science in SEAS.

Candidates interested in Harvard’s PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering can learn more about the program philosophy, curriculum, and requirements here .

“This cross disciplinary PhD program will prepare our students to become the leaders and innovators in the emerging field of quantum science and engineering” said Emma Dench, dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. “Harvard’s interdisciplinary strength and intellectual resources make it the perfect place for them to develop their ideas, grow as scholars, and make discoveries that will change the world.”

Harvard has a long history of leadership in quantum science and engineering. Theoretical physicist and 2005 Nobel laureate Roy Glauber is widely considered the founding father of quantum optics, and 1989 Nobel laureate Norman Ramsey pioneered much of the experimental foundation of quantum science.

Today, Harvard experimental research groups are among the leaders worldwide in areas such as quantum simulations, metrology, quantum communications and computation, and are complemented by strong theoretical groups in computer science, physics, and chemistry.

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Quantum Science and Engineering

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In this first-of-its-kind quantum science and engineering program, you will be a part of an interdisciplinary program that builds on Harvard’s track record of excellence in the field. The flexible curriculum will equip you with a common language for the rapidly growing field of quantum science and engineering (QSE). You will have the opportunity to work with faculty from both the science and engineering programs to design an individualized path tailored to your QSE research interests. Research is a primary focus of the program, and you will be working with state-of-the-art experimental and computational facilities.

You will be embedded in the broader Boston-area quantum ecosystem through collaborations with institutions such as MIT and University of Massachusetts Boston. You will also have the opportunity to interact with industry partners working to turn quantum theory into useful systems and devices.

Graduates of the program are uniquely qualified to meet the rising demand for QSE researchers and educators in industry, academia, and national labs.

Additional information on the graduate program is available from the PhD program in quantum science and engineering and requirements for the degree are detailed in Policies .

Areas of Study

Applied Physics | Computer Science | Electrical Engineering | Experimental Physics | Physical Chemistry | Materials Science and Engineering | Theoretical Chemistry | Theoretical Physics | Quantum Devices, Quantum Materials | Unspecified

Admissions Requirements

Please review admissions requirements and other information before applying. You can find degree program-specific admissions requirements below and access additional guidance on applying from the PhD program in quantum science and engineering.

Academic Background

Students with bachelor’s degrees in physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science, engineering, or related fields are invited to apply for admission. Prospective students should demonstrate depth of background in one or more relevant fields including (but not limited to) physics, electrical engineering, engineering sciences, materials science, computer science, and chemistry. Typically, applicants will have devoted approximately half of their undergraduate work to one or more of these fields and will have demonstrated overall academic excellence.

Statement of Purpose

Applicants should detail their reason for pursuing the PhD in Quantum Science and Engineering and explain why this program is particularly well-suited for them. A student who has a marked interest in a particular area of quantum science and engineering should include this information in the online application. If possible, applicants should also indicate whether they are inclined toward experimental or theoretical (mathematical) research. This statement of preference will not be treated as a binding commitment to any course of study and research.

Standardized Tests

GRE General: Not accepted GRE Subject Test: Not accepted

See list of Quantum Science and Engineering faculty

APPLICATION DEADLINE

Questions about the program.

• PhD student
• Faculty member
• Entrepreneur

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PhD track Quantum Science and Technologies (QUANTIX)

WHY ENROLL IN THIS PROGRAM?

Get ready for a PhD by starting research at an early stage

Be closely associated with the research activities carried out in a world-renowned innovation cluster

Benefit from individual and personalized supervision by a faculty member

• Description
• Associated Laboratories
• PhD Tracks Research Projects

Quantum Technologies have seen a dramatic development in the past few years. The realization of individual quantum systems and the control of new materials with unconventional properties has paved the way to the development of machines and protocols based on the most fundamental aspects of quantum mechanics, without classical counterparts, such as the superposition of states and entanglement. The demonstration of quantum supremacy in 2019 has been a major step, but many new challenges remain to be taken for the complete deployment of Quantum Technologies, at both the fundamental level and that of practical applications.

The Quantum Science and Technologies PhD track is organized around six pillars:

• Quantum Materials
• Quantum Simulation
• Quantum Computation
• Quantum Sensing and Metrology
• Quantum Communication and Networking
• Quantum Information Processing

It aims at providing the students with a high level education at the state of the art of quantum physics and quantum information processing in direct contact with forefront research in all these fields.

• Be trained to forefront challenges in quantum science and its technological applications
• Contribute to cutting-edge research in a word-leading research center
• Discover a multidisciplinary field at the frontier of theoretical and experimental physics, computer science, and applied mathematics.
• Discover the diversity of quantum technologies in the rich scientific environment of the Plateau de Saclay
• Become a leader of the next generation of reserachers and engineers in quantum science and technologies

Partner University

• Université Paris-Saclay

The five-year curriculum of the PhD track trains students in cutting-edge research for them to pursue international careers  in prestigious universities and academic labs or leading companies in quantum technologies. 

The PhD Track provides a five-year "à la carte" integrated Master and PhD program for particularly motivated and talented students aiming at preparing a career in academia or industry through an individualized research-oriented training program in Quantum Science and Technologies. Students will be attributed an academic tutor in their field of research from the very start of their studies at IP Paris. In coordination with their tutor, students will elaborate their own personal curriculum consisting of course work and research phases corresponding to their research interests and professional project.

During their first year, students will follow a selection of high level courses focused on quantum physics and its interfaces. It may include computer science and applied mathematics courses, as well as complementary modules allowing them to broaden their general scientific culture and to acquire complementary skills. At the same time, the students are immediately members of the research team of their tutor and participate in team activities and research discussions. This includes in particular attending relevant research seminars and potentially topical workshops. During the first year, students will work on a research project, in collaboration with their host team. A significant part of the second year will be devoted to a larger-scale research work, giving rise to a Master thesis and – most likely – first research publications. This is also the occasion to consolidate their choice for the topic of their PhD.

While it will still be possible to follow selected – more specialized – scientific courses and courses in secondary skills, the last three years of the PhD Track program will be mainly devoted to research work towards the PhD degree.

In addition to the weekly laboratory work, two mandatory full-time internships take place during the spring, one at the M1 level, the other at the M2 level. The duration and corresponding number of ECTS are at least those of the main Master in which the student is enrolled. The number of ECTS can be adapted depending on the duration of the internship.

Students have the opportunity to visit international partner universities.

All relevant laboratories of IP Paris and partner institutions, in particular

• Center for Theoretical Physics (CPHT, Ecole Polytechnique
• Laboratory for Applied Optics (LOA, Ecole Polytechnique/ENSTA)
• Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics (PMC, Ecole Polytechnique)
• Laboratory for Information Processing and Communication Laboratory (LTCI, Telecom Paris)
• Laboratory for Irradiated Solids (LSI, Ecole Polytechnique)

Admission requirements

Academic prerequisites.

Completion with highest honors of a Bachelor in physics, including courses in quantum physics, at Institut Polytechnique de Paris or equivalent in France or abroad.

Evidence of research potential is essential as the main goal of such a PhD program is to train first class researchers. 

Students who have completed the first year of an equivalent program may exceptionally be directly admitted to the second year (4-year PhD program).

Language prerequisites

A certificate of proficiency in English (level B2) is required (TOEIC, IELTS, TOEFL, Cambridge ESOL), except for native speakers and students who previously studied in English.

How to apply

Applications are exclusively online. You will be required to provide the following documents:

• Transcript 
• Two academic references (added online directly by your referees)  
• CV/resume 
• Statement of purpose indicating which 2 choices of research subjects among the one listed on this page under the section "PhD Track Research Projects"

You will receive an answer in your candidate space within 2 months following the closing date of the application session. 

Fees and scholarships

Estimated fees for 2022-2023 are subject to increase

• Regular fees: 243€
• Engineer students enrolled in one of the five member schools of Institut Polytechnique de Paris (Ecole polytechnique, ENSTA Paris, ENSAE Paris, Télécom Paris and Télécom SudParis): 159€
• Special cases: please refer to the "Cost of studies" section of the FAQs

Applications and admission dates

Coordinator.

• Luca Perfetti 

General enquiry

• [email protected]

When applying to the PhD Tracks in Physics, you should describe your preferred fields of study and research in your motivation letter. You are ecouraged to choose two preferred PhD Track subjects among the list below.   Since the posted offers do not cover the full spectrum of our activities , you can also visit the web pages of the 11 laboratories (CPHT, IPVF, LLR, LOA, LOB, LPICM, LPMC, LPP, LSI, LULI, Omega) affiliated to the physics department and indicate the research lines that interest you the most.

PhD Track research projects in “QUANTUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY”

• Correlated quantum matter and quantum information
• Ultrafast dynamics of electrons in quantum materials
• Re-using model results to determine materials properties: connector theory approach
• Collective electronic fluctuations and their influence on materials properties
• Spin-dependent charge dynamics in dilute nitride and defect-engineered semiconductor quantum structures and devices
• Electronic processes in nitride semiconductor quantum structures and devices
• Theory of Many-Body Quantum States
• Probing the quantum properties of spin defects in 2D materials
• Time-frequency quantum information processing
• Uncovering a new law of physics in quantum materials

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Research Groups

Our research programme at I-X focuses on ambitious ideas with the potential to deliver benefits to humanity and scientific exploration. We focus on both foundational AI and AI applications, including work on pressing problems in health, sustainability, economics, and defence. Foundational AI research focuses on advances in AI technologies such as human-AI interaction, quantum computing, and explainable AI.

We have established a growing research community with over 100 academics participating in more than 30 research initiatives, and a series of new hires bringing fresh ideas and experience to priority areas. Our research groups are at the forefront of cutting-edge research in AI and related fields, and are led by some of the brightest minds at Imperial.

Dr Cristopher Salvi

Dr Cristopher Salvi ’s research interests are in rough path theory, signal processing, deep learning and kernel methods. Rough path theory describes the interaction between highly oscillatory signals and non-linear dynamical systems, which has a big impact in the field of stochastic analysis. Dr Salvi is interested in how machine learning techniques can be applied to rough path theory to create advances in the field as part of the Rough Paths Interest Group which is partnered with The Alan Turing Institute and DataSig . Dr Salvi also works on developing algorithms for learning with high-dimensional irregular time series data as well as building deep learning and kernel-based models which can be applied to solve problems in physics, engineering and quantitative finance.

Currently, Dr Salvi is supervising PhD student Nicole Muca-Cirone.

Dr Xenia Miscouridou

Dr Xenia Miscouridou works on combining methods and developments of machine learning within the scope of statistical problems. Xenia has worked in many aspects of statistical machine learning, developing Bayesian methodology for nonparametric models such as graph models, stochastic processes as well as deep generative models using neural networks. Dr Miscouridou’s research on graphs can be applied to real life network data (e.g. social or biological) to predict the evolution and capture the properties of the network. With stochastic processes, Dr Miscouridou is modelling spatiotemporal social or epidemiological data to uncover the trends that drive these events in space and time rather than predict. Regarding deep learning, Xenia is interested in further understanding the mechanics of neural network systems as well as using them to facilitate statistical inference.

Dr Anastasia Borovykh

Dr Borovykh and her research group work on computational models to understand and improve information processing and learning in artificial and biological intelligent systems through a combination of tools from stochastic processes, statistical mechanics and mathematical modelling. Dr Borovykh applies these methods for the design of privacy-preserving machine learning frameworks. Privacy preserving machine learning frameworks process sensitive data, such as health data. These are vulnerable to attacks and require analysing which models are most at risk and understanding how data is stored within them.

Dr Anastasia Borovykh is also interested in applying machine learning methods for solving various challenges in the field of neuroscience.

Dr Chen Qin

Dr Qin’s research is interdisciplinary in nature and at the intersection between machine learning and medical imaging, with a vision towards improving medical imaging workflow via machine intelligence for significant impact in clinical use. Chen’s current research mainly focuses on the development of robust and trustworthy machine learning algorithms for medical image computing and analysis, including MR image reconstruction, medical image segmentation, image registration and motion tracking. Currently, Dr Qin is working on clinical applications of medical image computing in neurology and cardiovascular.

Dr Qin supervises PhD student Shaoming Zheng whose research focuses on 2D and 3D image analysis with applications in biomedicine and related machine learning tasks.

Dr Nicole Salomons

Dr Salomons ’ research focuses on developing robots that shape human interactions throughout day-to-day tasks in complex and dynamic environments. The main area of Dr Salomons’ interest lies in creating peer robot tutors that can provide effective teaching.

Nicole does this by building robotic systems that create skill models of users while they perform complex tasks so the robot can provide personalized feedback for long-term skill acquisition. These models are able to select the best tasks for a user to maximise their learning. Dr Salomons’ work has demonstrated the effective use of robotic tutoring in a variety of domains including electronic circuit building, social skills training for children with autism, and in-home exercise coaching. This includes developing in-home long term systems to help shape positive behaviours which encourages both collaboration between both the user and the robot and between the user and other family members.

Additionally, Nicole studies how groups of robots influence users’ decisions. Dr Salomons’ research has demonstrated that a group of robots can cause informational and normative conformity and that groups of robots can induce prosocial behaviour in people.

Dr Roberto Bondesan

The goal of Dr Bondesan ’s research is to understand how quantum computing and machine learning can help solve hard computational problems that occur in science and engineering, such as combinatorial optimization problems and the simulation of quantum systems. From finding the shortest route across cities, to finding the best way to design a complex system on a chip, combinatorial optimization problems are ubiquitous in the real world, while the efficient simulation of quantum systems will aid the discovery of new molecules and materials, with applications to drug design and sustainability.

Quantum computers can simulate quantum systems exponentially faster than classical computers and can speed up the solution to combinatorial optimization problems. Dr Bondesan’s team studies novel quantum algorithms and the challenges of deploying quantum algorithms to hardware, such as quantum error correction.

ML algorithms can learn automatically from data to approximate the solution to optimization and quantum physics problems. Data in these domains is however scarce and expensive, and Dr Bondesan’s team focuses on data efficient learning for these applications, from the design of equivariant neural architectures, to model based reinforcement learning, to neurally-augmented Monte Carlo simulations.

Dr L ukas Gonon

Dr Gonon’s research is at the intersection of mathematics, machine learning and finance. It centers around various machine learning methods (deep learning, reservoir computing, random features, kernel methods, …) and their applications to stochastic processes, partial differential equations and mathematical finance. This encompasses applying and refining these methods or developing novel methods for practically important applications (e.g. hedging or financial bubble detection) and carrying out mathematical analyses (e.g. proving bounds on the approximation errors of deep neural networks for pricing) in order to gain a more profound theoretical understanding of these methods.

Dr Sen Wang

Dr Sen Wang’s research sits at the intersection of robotics, computer vision and machine learning, driving robots and intelligent machines to understand and operate autonomously in unstructured, dynamic environments through probabilistic and learning approaches. Dr Wang’s main research areas include robot localisation, autonomous navigation, SLAM, robot vision, robot learning and their applications to tackle societal challenges from climate change to healthcare. Dr Wang was awarded the 2022 AI Most Influential Scholar Award Honourable Mention in Robotics and serves as Associate Editors of IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, ICRA and IROS.

Dr Islem Rekik

Dr Islem Rekik is the Director of the Brain And SIgnal Research and Analysis (BASIRA) laboratory and Associate Professor at Imperial College London (IX, Computing). Together with BASIRA members, Dr Rekik has conducted more than 80 cutting-edge research projects, published in high-impact journals and conferences, and cross-pollinating AI and healthcare —with a sharp focus on brain imaging and neuroscience.

Dr Rekik is also a co/chair/organizer of more than 14 international first-class conferences/workshops/competitions (e.g., Affordable AI 2021-22, Predictive AI 2018-2022, Machine Learning in Medical Imaging 2021-22, WILL competition 2021-22). Islem is the former president of the Women in MICCAI (WiM) and the co-founder of the international RISE Network to Reinforce Inclusiveness & diverSity and Empower minority researchers in Low-Middle Income Countries (LMIC) in the field of medical imaging and AI. Dr Rekik is a strong advocate for EDI and AI capacity building in Africa and beyond.

For more about the BASIRA Lab, see:

• GitHub Repo
• Source code YouTube Playlist
• Paper presentation YouTube Playlist
• Research Seminars YouTube Playlist

Professor Alessandra Russo

Professor Russo contributes to AI research by developing innovative symbolic machine learning algorithms and systems capable of automatically learning complex predictive models from data and domain-specific background knowledge. These models are, importantly, explainable in human terms.

Explainability is a main advantage of these models, further facilitating a closer interaction between humans and the machine. In collaboration with her PhD students, Dr Russo has established a new form of symbolic machine learning which is proven to subsume all existing state-of-the-art symbolic machine learning systems, to be able to learn optimal solutions, to be robust to noise in the data, by overperforming differentiable symbolic learning approaches and which benefit from proof guarantees about soundness and completeness of the learned models. Alessandra has successfully developed novel neuro-symbolic learning approaches that integrate her symbolic machine learning systems with reinforcement learning and deep learning methods. A second line of research contribution has been the application of these AI solutions to domains such as software engineering, security, privacy, and network management.

Professor Alessio Lomuscio

Professor Alesso Lomuscio leads the Safe Artificial Intelligence Lab (SAIL) , which focuses on the development of methods and tools to verify AI systems for their safe and secure deployment in practical applications. The research initiative, in collobaration with the Assured Autonomy DARPA programme and the Centre for Doctoral Training in Safe and Trusted AI, applies novel approaches such as machine learning to verify neural and autonomous systems (e.g. autonomous vehicles and robotic systems) and contributes to research in logic-based verification of multi-agent systems and parametrised verification of robotic swarms. The VAS group also aims to improve the explainability and fairness of AI systems for the future of safe artificial intelligence.

Dr Lomuscio’s lab has a history of development of open-source tools for safe AI in collaboration with both members of academia and industry partners in an effort to make artificial intelligence safe and secure for society to use.

Professor Hamed Haddadi

In general, Professor Hamed Haddadi’s research interests are User-Centered Systems, Internet of Things, Applied Machine Learning, Privacy, and Human-Data Interaction. Currently, Dr Haddadi is working on several EPSRC funded projects including the Open Plus Fellowship and the PETRAS ISPEF Fund which cover several of these interests. The Open Plus Fellowship, along with partners in industry, aims to provide private, trusted, personalised, and dynamic models on consumer devices that cater to the user’s requirements. This is increasingly in demand as the Internet of Things expands and consumers desire personalised products but also the protection of their privacy. The PETRAS ISPEF Fund supports the PRISM project which collaborates with the NHS and UK Dementia Research to develop an interface for users in the healthcare industry to provide privacy-preserving monitoring and home care. Dr Haddadi also contributes to several other projects as well as working in his industrial role as Chief Scientist of Brave software to increase the security of the Internet of Things and preserve user privacy.

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Mario Berta

Quantum information at rwth aachen university.

I am a Professor of Physics at the Institute for Quantum Information RWTH Aachen University . I hold an honorary position as a Visiting Reader at the Department of Computing Imperial College London. Previously, I was a Senior Research Scientist at the Amazon Web Services Center for Quantum Computing and a  Postdoctoral Researcher at the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter Caltech. I obtained my PhD degree from the Institute for Theoretical Physics at ETH Zurich.

The research in our group at RWTH Aachen is on mathematical questions in quantum information science, focusing on quantum communication theory, theoretical quantum cryptography, and the theory of quantum algorithms.

• PhD and postdoc positions in Quantum Information Theory at RWTH Aachen, as part of the ERC Starting Grant Entropy for Quantum Information Science ( QEntropy ). Open call without closing date. If interested, please send me your CV, transcripts, a few sentences of motivation, as well as a scientific document you wrote. I will get back to you for an interview in case I see a potentially good fit.
• Scientific comment : The tangled state of quantum hypothesis testing [ open access ] with Fernando G.S.L. Brandão et al.
• Popular article: Algorithmen für neue Hardware (in German) [ open access ]
• Review paper: Quantum algorithms: A survey of applications and end-to-end complexities with Alexander M. Dalzell et al.
• Information theory: Entanglement monogamy via multivariate trace inequalities with Marco Tomamichel
• Algorithms: Sparse random Hamiltonians are quantumly easy with Chi-Fang Chen, Alexander M. Dalzell, Fernando G.S.L. Brandão, and Joel A. Tropp

We acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) , the Cluster of Excellence Matter and Light for Quantum Computing (ML4Q) , the RWTH Exploratory Research Space (ERS) , and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) .

Quantum Information Portal and Wiki

Phd candidate in photonic quantum computing, job type: , tags: .

• #quantumcomputing #quantuminformation #quantumalgorithms #quantumoptics #photons #optics

Application deadline: 

Employer web page: .

Your mission As a PhD candidate in Photonic Quantum Computing (m/w/d) at Q.ANT, you will perform studies on universal approaches for photonic quantum computing. You will focus on investigating new ways to prepare high-fidelity resource states required for universal quantum computing. Within the framework of a public research project, you will be jointly supervised in collaboration with a leading-edge professor at a renowned research university. This will allow you to build up experience in both the university- and industry-based quantum technology research.

• Carry out research as well as required teaching activities towards the doctoral award
• Build up new experiments in an optics laboratory to find the most suitable approaches for high-fidelity resource state generation
• Analyze the measurement data and present it graphically
• Interpret your results and compare them to the expectations from simulations and theory
• Create new knowledge and document it in your thesis
• Stay curious and keep up to date with the exciting current technological developments

Your profile

• Master’s degree in physics, or related relevant field
• Hands-on working experience in an optics laboratory
• Knowledge in quantum mechanics, quantum optics or non-linear optics
• Knowledge of the different approaches to universal quantum computing
• Background knowledge of electronics
• Programming skills in Python and experience with quantum programming languages
• Analytic, creative, and team-oriented way of working in a dynamic start-up environment
• Fluency in English, both written and spoken

Location Stuttgart, Germany

Please sent your full application (including cover letter, CV and certificates) via email to: [email protected]

For more exciting job opportunities, visit www.qant.de/en/jobs/

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• 01 May 2024

Intel brings quantum-computing microchips a step closer

Ruoyu Li is at Imec, Leuven 3001, Belgium.

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Quantum computers can outpace classical computers, but so far this ‘quantum advantage’ has been shown only for certain algorithms, and with tens or hundreds of quantum bits (qubits) 1 – 3 . To realize a general-purpose quantum computer that can solve practical problems, millions or even billions of qubits are needed 4 . Semiconductor technologies have already put billions of transistors on a classical computer chip, so quantum scientists and engineers have started to wonder whether the same techniques could be applied to quantum computers. Writing in Nature , Neyens et al . 5 answer in the affirmative. Working at US technology company Intel, one of the world’s largest chip manufacturers, the team used semiconductor technology to fabricate silicon qubits on a wafer 300 millimetres in diameter, the largest chip substrate used in the semiconductor industry. With a high success rate and impressive uniformity, these qubits represent a key step towards quantum computers of sufficient scale to tackle real-world applications.

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Franke, D. P., Clarke, J. S., Vandersypen, L. M. K. & Veldhorst, M. Microprocess. Microsyst. 67 , 1–7 (2019).

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Contamin, L. C. et al. in 2022 International Electron Devices Meeting 22.1.1–22.1.4 (IEEE, 2022).

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Internships

Our full-time internships offer master's and PhD students the opportunity to explore a career in quantum computing and translate their skills and expertise into a commercial setting.

We offer two types of internship:

• Summer internships for master's and PhD students
• PhD internships

Summer internships - 3 months

This scheme is aimed at master’s or PhD students studying maths, physics, chemistry, computer science, engineering or design.

You will work alongside our team of software developers, mathematicians, quantum information theorists, designers, computational chemists and physicists, who are all world-leading experts in their fields.  A dedicated supervisor will be assigned to you from day one.

You will join an ongoing project that is central to Riverlane’s mission to make quantum computing useful sooner.  We’ll ensure it’s a project that makes the best use of your background and skills whilst providing a great introduction to the exciting world of quantum computing.

Summer internships typically run from June to September.

PhD internships - 3-6 months

This scheme is aimed at PhD students wanting to work in a specific area of research or development that Riverlane has a current focus on.

Example PhD projects  

Note:  Internships are offered in Cambridge UK and in Boston US. Students joining a UK scheme must be eligible to live and work in the UK. Students joining a US scheme must be authorised to work in the US.

Internship applications for 2024 are now closed. Please join our mailing list for future updates.

"The biggest takeaway I have from Riverlane is that quantum computing is more than just physics. The design effort, the collaboration with labs, the partnerships with other quantum companies facing similar problems, and the community were eye-opening to me. It’s an incredibly dynamic environment - Riverlane is collaborative by nature."

- Cristian Voinea, Summer Intern 2022

"I applied for Riverlane's internship scheme because I wanted to learn about quantum error correction. I strongly recommend this experience to others - it will stretch you in new ways , and it will give you the opportunity to directly contribute towards the business goals."

- Edward Pearce-Crump, Summer Intern 2023

Featured Intern - Eve's story

Eve Townsend

Product Design Intern 2022, Product Designer 2023

"It was easy to have imposter syndrome when I first started, I knew very little about quantum computing. As I grew and contributed, I felt valued and it made me appreciate I was hired for my skills"

My undergrad was in physics, and I then studied for my Innovation Design Engineer Masters at Imperial College London. My masters has been a unique opportunity to combine deep technical expertise with fundamentals of design, so the Product Design Internship at Riverlane was the perfect match for my skills. I wanted to learn about the commercial side of quantum computing, as my knowledge of quantum was limited to a mathematical lens.

The interview process was straightforward and enjoyable. I sent a cover letter with my CV, then presented a recent project I had completed. It was great presenting one of my own projects. Industrial design is an innovative field, and I was eager to learn how people interact with quantum technologies. The role as a product design intern has moved me from being a hardcore physicist into a firm designer.

After my internship and on completing my studies, I rejoined Riverlane the following year with a permanent role as Product Designer.

Want to join as Product Design Intern in 2024? Apply here  

Graduate scheme

Our one-year graduate scheme is designed to enable those with degrees in computer science, electronic engineering or engineering to develop their skills and expertise and become future leaders in the quantum computing industry.

You will join us at our office in Cambridge, UK, where you will work alongside our multidisciplinary team and rotate through different functions of the company, including engineering, quantum science, and product.

Applications for our 2024 graduate scheme are now closed. 

Register for updates

Questions? Email us

The superpowers of interns: an internship success story

Former Riverlane PhD intern publishes paper: ‘ Distributed Quantum Computing and Network Control for Accelerated VQE ’.

Riverlane’s top tips for an internship application in quantum computing

We've been running our master's and PhD internship scheme since 2018. In this time, we've reviewed hundreds of applications and hosted more than 40 students from a variety of different backgrounds.

Why you should consider a career in quantum computing

As part of our mission to make quantum computer computers useful sooner at Riverlane, we need talented individuals to join our world-class team.