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Essay Paper UPSC 2021 (Mains): Question Paper and Analysis

Last updated on January 8, 2022 by Alex Andrews George

UPSC conducted the  Essay Paper , as part of the Civil Services Main Exam 2021 on 07-01-2022.

There were 8 Essay topics, out of which candidates were asked to write on two topics in 3 hours.

Candidates were supposed to answer about 1000 words for each essay (about 10-12 pages).

Table of Contents

Essay Paper UPSC 2021 Instructions

• Total Marks: 250 marks, Time duration: 3 hours.
• The essay must be written in the medium authorized in the admission certificate which must be stated clearly on the cover of this question-cum-answer (QCA) booklet in the space provided.
• No marks will be given for answers written in the medium other than the authorized one.
• Word limit, as specified, should be adhered to.
• Any page or portion of the page left blank, must be struck off clearly.

Essay Question Paper – UPSC Civil Services Main Exam (Written) 2021

Write  two  essays, choosing  one  topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

1. The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

2. Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

3. Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

4. The real is rational and the rational is real.

5. Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

6. What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

7. History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

8. There are better practices to “best practices”.

Most of the essays topics this year were philosophical and open to the interpretation of the candidates. However, considering the philosophical base of the questions, most candidates found the questions tricky. It was not easy to write 1000 words on each topic within the time constraints.

UPSC has ensured that the essay topics were much different from the GS questions.

A philosophical theme is clearly evident in most of the essay topics in Section A as well as Section B. This was the case in 2020 as well. However, this year it became much more prominent. It is a clue about what UPSC expects from the essay paper.

Rather than asking candidates to write on topics most aspirants are familiar or trained with, UPSC is now evaluating the essay writing skills of aspirants by providing them with abstract or philosophical topics.

The reason for such a shift in the pattern should be the change in the focus of the Commission.

All the 8 topics presented this year will test spontaneous thinking, comprehension, writing skills, and time-management of aspirants.

Repeated questions from previous years

The importance of the previous year UPSC questions cannot be stressed more.

Just like prelims, in mains too many questions came directly repeated from previous year question papers. Also, there were themes you often see in many essay books.

One such question was Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

Thinkers, Philosophers, and their Quotes

Let’s analyse the source of some of the question topics.

Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

This essay topic was a quote going rounds on the internet. The quote is attributed to “Coach Bobbi” [Bobbi Chegwyn] on Facebook.

Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

This essay topic was connected with J.K. Mehta’s Theory of Wantlessness!

This has also connections with Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy.

The real is rational and the rational is real.

This is a quote by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel .

As per Hegel, something can be real, yet it may not exist. Also, something may not be real, it may still exist. For Hegel, reality does not mean existence.

Among philosophers, Hegel is one whose thought is extremely difficult to understand. Often to understand Hegel’s thoughts, we need to grasp his ideas, not in isolation but together with his dialogue with other philosophers, in particular, Aristotle and Kant.

The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.

“The Hand That Rocks the Cradle Is the Hand That Rules the World” is a poem by William Ross Wallace that praises motherhood as the preeminent force for change in the world. The poem was first published in 1865 under the title “ What Rules the World “.

What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

This is a quote by Will Harvey . Will Harvey (born 1967) is an American software developer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur.

History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

It was Karl Marx who said that history repeats itself, first as tragedy, then as farce.

First, it’s a tragedy because it shouldn’t have happened. Then it’s a farce (joke) because we didn’t learn from our mistakes the first time around. This is Marx’s version of dark humour.

What should aspirants preparing for next year do for an essay paper?

First of all, you should take the essay paper seriously.

Unless properly trained, it is not easy to write 10-12 pages on an abstract or philosophical topic.

You need to polish your comprehension and analytical skills.

Read different kinds of essays – particularly philosophical essays.

Give stress to the thoughts of philosophers like Immanuel Kant, Thomas Aquinas, John Locke, Friedrich Niche, Karl Marx etc. Start writing essays on famous quotes.

Also, be prepared to write essays touching other areas like society, polity, economy, or technology. UPSC is known for surprises.

Remember that there is nothing like a constant trend with respect to UPSC questions.

What you get by analysing the previous year question papers are clues. And only those are what you need from UPSC questions!

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About Alex Andrews George

Alex Andrews George is a mentor, author, and social entrepreneur. Alex is the founder of ClearIAS and one of the expert Civil Service Exam Trainers in India.

He is the author of many best-seller books like 'Important Judgments that transformed India' and 'Important Acts that transformed India'.

A trusted mentor and pioneer in online training , Alex's guidance, strategies, study-materials, and mock-exams have helped many aspirants to become IAS, IPS, and IFS officers.

Reader Interactions

January 8, 2022 at 11:36 am

Upsc has chosen right path to evaluate person.one person read, listen ,rember and write in exam.He qualify exam.He is just like computer.worthy less people selected by upsc every year.They are not thinker.so our country is intellectually insolvent.civil services requires thinker to. progess country and welfare of common man.These types of question evaluate intellectual for the welfare of human being.

January 9, 2022 at 1:44 pm

You are putting the quality of a leader and a literate society in such a person who just has to follow his supremes.He/She must be a good analyst. That’s it!!!

June 13, 2022 at 12:41 pm

in the bureaucracy – there is no space for logical thinking.

once you clear the exams and get appointed – you have to follow the “protocol’ or “procedures” – its difficult to be analytical and innovative – bcos the system demands obedience and adherence to the protocol. If you follow the protocol – and even if lot of people are severely affected – you wont be taken to task. But if you are innovative – and even if ONE person gets affected – you will be punished.

January 8, 2022 at 4:02 pm

Yeah!I’ve passed upsc .

January 25, 2022 at 2:21 pm

I have written Essay on three topics..how may I share?

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[UPSC Mains 2021] ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM (CSE) 2021

• January 7, 2022

Important Updates , UPSC MAINS 2021 QUESTION PAPERS

1) The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

2)  Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

3) Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

4)  The real is rational and the rational is real

1) Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

2)  What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

3) History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

4)  There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

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• Essay Paper 2021 , UPSC Mains Essay paper 2021 , UPSC Mains-2021: ESSAY PAPER- UPSC CIVIL SERVICES MAINS EXAM 2021

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UPSC CSE MAINS 2021 ESSAY QUESTION PAPER | LEGACY IAS

Home » UPSC CSE MAINS 2021 ESSAY QUESTION PAPER | LEGACY IAS

• January 7, 2022
• UPSC CSE MAINS 2021

UPSC CSE MAINS 2021 ESSAY QUESTION PAPER | UPSC Civil Services  IAS Mains 2021

UPSC CSE MAINS 2021 ESSAY QUESTION PAPER – SECTION A

1) The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.

2)  Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.

3) Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.

4)  The real is rational and the rational is real

UPSC CSE MAINS 2021 ESSAY QUESTION PAPER – SECTION B

1) Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world

2)  What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!

3) History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

4)  There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

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Question Paper – UPSC IAS Civil Services Preliminary (Prelims) Exam – 2021: General Studies Paper – 1

We hope you did well in today’s Paper-1 of UPSC IAS civil services prelims exam – 2021. We hope you will do well in CSAT too. Wish you all the best!

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UPSC CSE Prelims Question Paper 2021 GS paper 1

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UPSC IAS Civil Services Preliminary (Prelims) Exam – 2021: General Studies Paper – 1

• Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates
• the Right to Equality
• the Directive Principles of State Policy
• the Right to Freedom
• the Concept of Welfare
• Legal right available to citizens only
• Legal right available to any person
• Fundamental Right available to citizens only
• Neither Fundamental Right nor legal right
• A Democratic Republic
• A Sovereign Democratic Republic
• A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic
• A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic
• a representative government of a nation with federal structure
• a government whose Head enjoys nominal powers
• a government whose Head enjoys real powers
• a government limited by the terms of the Constitution
• dance forms of Northwest India
• musical instruments
• pre-historic cave paintings
• tribal languages
• Consider the following statements in respect of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards
• Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titles under the Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India.
• Padma wards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once.
• The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year.

Which of the above statements are not correct?

• 1 and 2 only
• 2 and 3 only
• 1 and 3 only
• Consider the following statements

Statement1:

The United Nations Capital Development Fund (UNCDF) and the Arbor Day Foundation have recently recognized Hyderabad as 2020 Tree City of the World.

Statement 2:

Hyderabad was selected for the recognition for a year following its commitment to grow and maintain the urban forests.

Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

• Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct and Statement 2 is the correct explanation for Statement 1
• Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct but Statement 2 is not the correct explanation for Statement 1
• Statement 1 is correct but Statement 2 is not correct
• Statement 1 is not correct but Statement 2 is correct
• American golfer Tiger Woods was the first winner of this award.
• The award was received mostly by ‘Formula One’ players so far.
• Roger Federer received this award maximum number of times compared to others.

Which of the above statements are correct?

• The official motto for this Olympics is ‘A New World’.
• Sport Climbing, Surfing, Skateboarding, Karate and Baseball are included in this Olympics.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

• Both 1 and 2
• Neither 1 nor 2
• Consider the following statements in respect of the ICC World Test Championship
• The finalists were decided by the number of matches they won.
• New Zealand was ranked ahead of England because it won more matches than England.
• ‘Right to the City’ is an agreed human right and the UN-Habitat monitors the commitments made by each country in this regard.
• ‘Right to the City’ gives every occupant of the city the right to reclaim public spaces and public participation in the city.
• ‘Right to the City’ means that the State cannot deny any public service or facility to the unauthorized colonies in the city.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

• With reference to India, consider the following statements:
• Judicial custody means an accused is in the custody of the concerned magistrate and such accused is locked up in police station, not in jail.
• During judicial custody, the police officer in charge of the case is not allowed to interrogate the suspect without the approval of the court.
• When a prisoner makes a sufficient case, parole cannot be out denied to such prisoner because it becomes a matter of his/her right.
• State Governments have their own Prisoners Release on Parole Rules.
• Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
• Ministry of Panchayati Raj
• Ministry of Rural Development
• Ministry of Tribal Affairs
• The independence of judiciary is safeguarded.
• The Union Legislature has elected representatives from constituent units.
• The Union Cabinet can have elected representatives from regional parties.
• The Fundamental Rights are enforceable by Courts of Law.
• Which one of the following best defines the term ‘State’?

a. A community of persons permanently occupying a definite territory independent of external control and possessing an organized government

b. A politically organized people of a definite territory and possessing an authority to govern them, maintain law and order, protect their natural rights and safeguard their means of sustenance

c. A number of persons who have been living in a definite territory for a very long time with their own culture, tradition and government

d. A society permanently living in a definite territory with a central authority, an executive responsible to the central authority and an independent judiciary

• Any retired judge of the Supreme Court of India can be called back to sit and act as a Supreme Court judge by the Chief Justice of India with prior permission of the President of India.
• A High Court in India has the power to review its own judgement as the Supreme Court does.
• There is only one citizenship and one domicile.
• A citizen by birth only can become the Head of State.
• A foreigner once granted the citizenship cannot be deprived of it under any circumstances.
• Which one of the following factors constitutes the best safeguard of liberty in a liberal democracy?

a. A committed judiciary

b. Centralization of powers

c. Elected government

d. Separation of powers

• it is dipolar in nature
• it is a good conductor of heat
• it has high value of specific heat
• it is an oxide of hydrogen
• With reference to street-lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps?
• Sodium lamps produce light in 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps.
• As street-lights, sodium lamps have longer life span than LED lamps.
• The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant colour advantages in street-lighting.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

• genes introduced in the genetically modified plants
• development of India’s own satellite navigation system
• radio collars for wildlife tracking
• spread of viral diseases
• Low-density polyethylene
• Polycarbonate
• Polyethylene terephthalate
• Polyvinyl chloride
• Food preservatives
• Fruit-ripening substances
• Reused plastic containers
• Distances among stellar bodies do not change.
• Gravity of stellar bodies does not change.
• Light always travels in straight line.
• Speed of light is always same.
• We adopted parliamentary democracy based on the British model, but how does our model differ from that model?
• As regards legislation, the British Parliament is supreme or sovereign but in India, the power of the Parliament to legislate is limited.
• In India matters related to the constitutionality of the Amendment of an Act of the 7RP Parliament are referred to the Constitution Bench by the Supreme Court.
• With reference to the Union Government, consider the following statements
• Gopalaswamy Iyengar Committee suggested that a minister and a secretary be designated solely for pursuing the subject of administrative reform and promoting it.
• In the 1970, the Department of Personnel was constituted on the recommendation of the Administrative Reforms Commission, 1966, and this was placed under the Prime Minister’s charge.
• Consider the following statements:
• In India, there is no law restricting the candidates from contesting in one Lok Sabha election from three constituencies.
• In 1991 Lok Sabha Election, Shri Devi Lal contested from three Lok Sabha constituencies.
• As per the existing rules, if a candidate contests in one Lok Sabha election from many constituencies, his/her party should bear the cost of bye- elections to the constituencies vacated by him/her in the event of him/her winning in all. The constituencies.
• The vegetation of savannah consists of grassland with scattered small trees, but extensive areas have no trees. The forest development in such areas is generally kept in check by one or more or a combination of some conditions.

Which of the following are conditions?

• Burrowing animals and termites
• Grazing herbivores
• Seasonal rainfall
• Soil properties
• The amount of water in the rivers and lakes is more than the amount of groundwater.
• The amount of water in polar ice caps and glaciers is more than the amount of groundwater.
• Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree.
• Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia.
• In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce.
• India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa.
• Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

• 1, 2, 4 and 5
• 1, 2, 3 and 5
• brown forest soil
• fissure volcanic rock
• granite and schist
• shale and limestone
• Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines.
• Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors.
• Passing on mitochondrial diseases from parent to child can be prevented by mitochondrial replacement therapy either before or after in intro fertilization of egg.
• A child inherits diseases entirely from mother and not from father.
• Neither 1 nor2
• clonal propagation of crop plants modified genetically
• developing genetically modified crop plants growth substances
• production of substances
• production of biofertilizers
• Area of the hole in the lid
• Temperature of the flame
• Weight of the lid

Which of the above can be cultured in artificial/synthetic medium?

• Adenoviruses have single-stranded DNA genomes whereas retroviruses have double-stranded DNA genomes.
• Common cold is sometime caused by an adenovirus whereas AIDS is caused by a retrovirus.
• How is permaculture farming different from conventional chemical farming?
• Permaculture farming discourages monocultural practices but in conventional chemical farming, monoculture practices are pre-dominant.
• Conventional chemical farming can salinity cause increase in soil such occurrence of but the phenomenon is not observed in permaculture farming.
• Conventional chemical farming is easily possible in semi-arid regions but permaculture farming is not so easily possible in such regions.
• Practice of mulching is very important in permaculture farming but not necessarily so in conventional chemical farming.
• The palm oil tree is native to Southeast Asia.
• The palm oil is a raw material for some industries producing lipstick and perfumes.
• The palm oil can be used to produce biodiesel.
• With reference to the Indus river system, of the following four rivers, three of them pour into one of them which joins the Indus direct. Among the following, which one is such river that joins the Indus direct?
• mangrove areas
• Ramsar sites
• Saline lakes
• Consider the following rivers:
• Subarnarekha

Which of the above rise from the Eastern Ghats?

• The Global Ocean Commission grants licences for  seabed exploration and mining in international waters.
• India has received licences for seabed mineral exploration in international waters.
• Rare earth minerals’ are present on seafloor in international waters.
• Pearl millet
• Consider the following statements :
• In the tropical zone, the western sections of the oceans are warmer than the eastern sections owing to the influence of trade winds,
• In the temperate zone, westerlies make the eastern sections of oceans warmer than the. Western sections.
• In the context of India’s preparation for Climate-Smart Agriculture, consider the following statements
• The ‘Climate-Smart Village’ approach in India is a part of a project Jed by the Climate change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), an international research programme.
• The project of CCAFS is carried out under Consultative Group on Internatjonal Agricultural Research (CGIAR) headquartered in France.
• The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (CRISAT) in India is one of the CGIAR’s research centres.
• “Leaf litter decomposes faster than in any other biome and as a result the soil surface is often almost bare. Apart from trees, the vegetation is largely composed of plant forms that reach up into the canopy vicariously, by climbing the trees or growing as epiphytes, rooted on the upper branches of trees.” This is the most likely description of
• coniferous forest
• dry deciduous forest
• mangrove forest
• tropical rain forest
• With reference the history of ancient India, Bhavabhuti, Hastimalla and Kshemeshvara were famous
• Playwrights
• temple architects
• philosophers
• The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 recommended granting voting rights to all the women above the age of 21.
• The Government of India Act of 1935 gave women reserved seats in legislature.
• The Quit India Resolution was adopted by the AICc.
• The Viceroy’s Executive Council was expanded to include more Indians.
• The Congress ministries resigned in seven provinces.
• Cripps proposed an Indian Union with full Dominion Status once the Second World War was over.
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak
• Jawaharlal Nehru
• Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
• Sarojini Naidu
• Paragana-Sarkar-Suba
• Sarkar-Paragana-Suba’
• Suba-Sarkar-Paragana
• Paragana-Suba-Sarkar
• Annie Besant
• Debendranath Tagore
• Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
• leaders of Swadeshi and Boycott Movement
• members of the Interim Government in 1946
• members of the Drafting Committee in the Constituent Assembly
• officers of the Indian National Army
• With reference to Indian history, which the following statements is/are of correct?
• The Nizamat of Arcot emerged out of Hyderabad State.
• The Mysore Kingdom emerged out of Vijayanagara Empire.
• Rohilkhand Kingdom was formed out of the territories occupied by Ahmad Shah Durrani.
• Ajanta Caves lie in the gorge of Waghora iver.
• Sanchi Stupa lies in the gorge of Chambal river.
• Pandu-lena Cave Shrines lie in the gorge of Narmada river.
• Amaravati Stupa lies in the gorge of Godavari river.
• 21st February is declared to be the International Mother Language Day by UNICEF.
• The demand that Bangla has to be one of the national languages was raised in the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan.
• It is a circular temple built during the reign of Kachchhapaghata Dynasty.
• It is the only circular temple built in India.
• It was meant to promote the Vaishnava cult in the region.
• Its design has given rise to a popular belief that it was the inspiration behind the Indian Parliament building.
• 1 and 2 F re
• Which one of the following ancient towns is well-known for its elaborate system of water harvesting and management by building a series of dams and channelizing water into connected reservirs?
• Trichinopoly
• The Guptas of Magadha
• The Paramaras of. Malwa
• The Pushyabhutis of Thanesar
• The Maukharis of Kanauj
• The Yadavas of Devagiri
• The Maitrakas of Valabhi
• 1, 3, 4 and 6
• Soothsaying
• 1, 2 and 3 only
• 1, 3 and 4 only
• 2 and 4 only
• 1, 2, 3 and 4
• Pingali Venkayya designed the tricolour Indian National Flag here.
• Pattabhi Sitaramaiah led the Quit India Movement of Andhra region from here.
• Rabindranath Tagore translated the National Anthem from Bengali to English here.
• Madame Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott set up headquarters of Theosophical Society first here.
• Consider the following pairs:

Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

• It was during the reign of Iltutmish that Chengiz Khan reached the Indus in pursuit of the fugitive Khwarezm prince.
• It was during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughluq that Taimur occupied Multan and  crossed the Indus.
• It was during the reign of Deva Raya II of Vijayanagara Empire that Vasco da Gama reached the coast of Kerala.
• Francis Xavier was one of the founding members of the Jesuit Order.
• Francis Xavier died in Goa and a church is dedicated to him there,
• The Feast of St. Francis Xavier is celebrated in Goa each year.
• With reference to the history of ancient India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
• Mitakshara was the civil law for upper castes and Dayabhaga was the civil law for lower castes.
• In the Mitakshara system, the sons can claim right to the property during the lifetime of the father, whereas in the Dayabhaga system, it is only after the death of the father that the sons can claim right to the property.
• The Mitakshara system deals with the matters related to the property held by male members only of a family, whereas the Dayabhaga system deals with the matters related to “the property held by both male and female members of a family.
• Congress grass
• Elephant grass
• Cyanobacteria
• Foraminifera

Which of the above are primary producers in the food chains of oceans?

• Consider the following animals:

To reduce the chance of being captured by ‘predators, which of the above organisms rolls up/roll up and protects/ protect its/their vulnerable parts?

• With reference to the ‘New York Declaration on Forests’, which of the following statements are correct?
• It was first endorsed at the United Nations Climate Summit in 2014.
• It endorses a global timeline to end the loss of forests.
• It is a legally binding international declaration.
• It is endorsed by governments, big companies and indigenous communities.
• India was one of the signatories at its inception.
• Magnetite particles, suspected to cause neurodegenerative problems, are generated as environmental pollutants from which of the following?
• Brakes of motor vehicles
• Engines of motor vehicles
• Microwave stoves within homes
• Power plants
• Telephone lines
• 1,2, 3 and 5 only
• 1,2 and 4 only
• 3, 4 and 5 only
• 1,2, 3, 4 and 5
• Carbon cycle
• Nitrogen cycle
• Phosphorus cycle
• Sulphur cycle
• Which of the following are detritivores?
• 1, 2 and 4 only
• 2, 3, 4 and 5 only
• 1, 3 and 5 only
• 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
• assessing the carbon footprint of around the world
• enabling commercial farming entities around the world to enter carbon emission trading
• enabling governments to assess the overall carbon footprint caused by their countries
• assessing the overall carbon foot- print caused by the use of fossil fuels by the world in a unit time
• Which of the following have species that can establish symbiotic relationship with other organisms?

Select the connect answer using the code given below.

• Increase in the Cash Reserve Ratio in the banks
• Increase in the Statutory Liquidity Ratio in the banks
• Increase in the banking habit of the people
• Increase in the population of the country
• With reference to Indian economy, demand-pull inflation can be caused/ increased by which of the following?
• Expansionary policies
• Fiscal stimulus
• Inflation-indexing wages
• Higher purchasing power
• Rising interest rates
• 1, 2, 3 and 5 only
• With reference to India, consider the following statements
• Retail investors through demat account can invest in Treasury Bills’ and ‘Government of India Debt Bonds’ in primary market.
• The Negotiated Dealing System- Order Matching’ is a government securities trading platform of the Reserve Bank of Indía.
• The Central Depository Services Ltd.’ is jointly promoted by the Reserve Bank of India and the Bombay Stock Exchange.
• With reference to Water Credit, consider the following statements
• It puts microfinance tools to work in the water and sanitation sector.
• It is a global initiative launched under the aegis of the World Health Organization and the World Bank.
• It aims to enable the poor people to meet their water needs without
• depending on subsidies.
• In India, the central bank’s function as the 1ender of last resort’ usually refers to which of the following?
• Lending to trade and industry bodies when they fail to borrow from other sources
• Providing liquidity to the banks having a temporary crisis
• Lending to governments to finance budgetary deficits
• ‘R2 Code of Practices’ constitutes a tool available for promoting the adoption of
• environmentally responsible practices in electronics recycling industry
• ecological management of ‘Wetlands of International Importance’ under the Ramsar Convention
• sustainable cultivation of agricultural crops in degraded lands
• Environmental Impact Assessment in the exploitation of natural resources
• They may release lethal quantities of carbon monoxide into environment.
• The copper slag can cause the leaching of some heavy metal into environment
• They may release sulphur dioxide as a pollutant.
• It is a product of oil refineries.
• Some industries use it to generate power.
• Its use causes sulphur emissions into environment.
• Carbon captured by oceans and coastal ecosystems
• Carbon sequestered in forest biomass and agricultural soils
• Carbon contained in petroleum and natural gas
• Carbon present in atmosphere
• 1 and 4 only
• The Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is appointed by the Central Government.
• Certain provisions in the Constitution of India give the Central Government the right to issue directions to the RBI in public interest.
• The Governor of the RBI draws his power from the RBI Act.
• All casual workers are entitled
• Employees Provident Fund for coverage.
• All casual workers are entitled for regular working hours and overtime payment.
• The government by can a notification specify that an establishment or industry shall pay wages only through its bank account.
• Cut in tax rates accompanied by increase in interest rate
• Increase in expenditure on public projects
• Increase in tax rates accompanied by reduction of interest rate
• Reduction of expenditure on public projects
• price of its substitute increases
• price of its complement increases
• the good is an inferior good and income of the consumers increases
• its price falls
• They are supervised and regulated by local boards set up by the State Governments.
• They can issue equity shares and preference shares.
• They were brought under the purview of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 through an Amendment in 1966.
• Actions of the United States Federal Reserve
• Actions of the Reserve Bank of India
• Inflation and short-term interest rates
• Foreign currency convertible bonds
• Foreign institutional investment with certain conditions
• Global depository receipts
• Non-resident external deposits

Which of the above can be included in Foreign Direct Investments?

The effect of devaluation of a currency is that it necessarily

• improves the competitiveness of the domestic exports in the foreign markets
• increases the foreign value of domestic currency
• improves the trade balance
• Diversion of resources to the purchase of real estate and investment in luxury housing
• Investment in activities and purchase of precious stones, jewellery, gold, etc.
• Large donations to political parties and growth of regionalism to the State
• Loss of revenue Exchequer due to tax evasion
• Repayment of public debt
• Borrowing from the public to finance a budget deficit
• Borrowing from banks the to finance a budget deficit
• Creation of new money to finance a budget deficit

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UPSC CSE MAINS 2021: ESSAY PAPER FOR UPSC- IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS

The Essay Writing Paper for UPSC CSE 2021  is indicative of the fact that the exam is not merely about factual knowledge, but much beyond it. This year’s paper seems to analyze the box and critical thinking  of the aspirants.

Essay writing papers for Upsc Cse mains 2021 took especially those  aspirants by surprise  who went in with a preconceived notion of the traditional paper. This was where aspirants could use their usual ammunition where they were taught how to feed data points in different ways.

As a lot of our students aptly summed up  the analysis of the essay paper  in the comment sections of the  discussion video (link here)  there is only one word needed to describe the nature of this paper ‘philosophical’. However, the key thing required for writing on these topics was generic/real-life treatment and not core philosophical interpretations.

Table of Contents

Essay Writing Paper, UPSC CSE 2021

Write two essays, choosing one topic from each of the following Sections A and B, in about 1000-1200 words each:

• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• The philosophy of witlessness is utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge?
• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
• There are better practices to best practices.

Essay Writing Paper UPSC 2021 Detailed Analysis

Here is a list of our humble observations in an attempt to understand the nature of the paper.

• All the 8 questions were abstract topics.
• It was a logical culmination of the process that UPSC has lately followed for deep interpretation and introspection.
• Now the essay paper is no longer an extension of GS. It must be prepared differently.
• Essays are now a reflection of one’s personality as the topics demand one to think critically.
• It is quality over quantity that matters now. In simple words, 800-900 words are more than enough if the dimensions are well thought out and are substantiated with good case studies.

Scale of Difficulty

Moving forward, below is a deconstruction of the Essay Paper section wise and topic-wise:

Essay Paper UPSC 2021: Section Wise Analysis:

Clear thematic categorization of sections A and B

The two sections of the paper were categorized to cover two aspects of philosophical discourses –

• Section A  listed a set of topics with  the theme of self-reflective tone , where the subject ponders upon the impact of technology on one’s consciousness, the process of constructed realities of the mind, a critique of both asceticism and hedonism and the relationship of ideas with the reality of the world.
• Section B turned the subject of philosophical thinking from the human to the society, as if the society is reflecting upon itself – the topics covered the themes of the role of the mother in determining human destiny, the playfulness and creativity of research and knowledge, the famous quotation by Hegel and Marx about history repeating itself and a gentle mention of better practices and best practices.

Essay Paper UPSC 2021: Topic Wise Analysis:

Topics were borrowed from standard academic references.  They were drafted by people with a sincere command over the subject of philosophy, as they were not merely quotations, but sentences with layers of complexity which even students of philosophy optional may have found hard to unpack without effort.

Meaning and Approach to ESSAY Paper TOPICS 2021:

Topic 1: the process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced..

• Difficult topic because a particular/specific interpretation was required.
• Not a general moral critique of technology. Seems a general critique of our process of self-discovery.
• Examples/case studies are important for this kind of essay where the use of technology solves our problems but takes us away from self-realization.
• To put it in simple terms, sometimes the problems that we face as humans are not supposed to be immediately solved as we usually do by employing technology.
• The role of AI and Artificial Intelligence, Tech-based consultants, Thought processes, and Biotech  could be discussed as part of current affairs and GS reading for this topic.

Topic 2: Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is awareness of me

• This is perhaps the trickiest topic in the whole paper as two different dimensions of epistemology (subjective and objective) were fused into one essay.
• Most topics in section A talk about self-knowledge but this one is not about achieving self-knowledge but elaborating upon an already achieved self-knowledge.
• The fundamental value that can be discussed in this essay is humility, the need to introspect about one’s self, and the merits of exercising restraint .

Topic 3: The philosophy of witlessness is utopian, while materialism is a chimera

• In this topic, there are two propositions-  asceticism and hedonism  and both open themselves for a critical analysis.
• This is one topic that has an underlying critical tone.
• The topic is more about sustainable development, a balance between growth and development  which requires proper GS and current affairs base to add illustrations.

Topic 4: The real is rational and rational is real

• This is a quotation by Hegel, who was a philosopher in the tradition of German idealism. German idealism insisted on the proposition that the material world is the reflection of the world of ideas. It implies that if you can think of something as true it probably must exist in reality.
• The main thrust of this essay is to emphasize  intuition, theoretical powers of the mind, the power of big ideas, and the ability to think big, even if “big ideas” might look “unreasonable and unrealistic”
• Word of caution:  The term rational should not lead a student to interpret it as an essay in which scientific thinking has to be promoted and religious/spiritual thinking has to be criticized.
• The point that Hegel was trying to make was that even the idea of God/spirituality also comes from rational thinking.

Topic 5: The hand that rocks the cradle rules the world .

• This one is the easiest of all the topics this year.
• It hints at the power of the role of a mother/caregiver to shape society.
• This is one of the least abstract and more sociological topics of the exam and therefore the data on women’s rights, and women’s empowerment can be made relevant in this essay.

Topic 6: What is research, but a blind date with knowledge?

• The clear interpretation of the essay is that there is always  an element of risk, adventure, imagination, and open-mindedness in research.
• In simple words, research must be taken for the pleasure of discovering truth and any form of knowledge that follows from research must be appreciated.
• This topic also encourages an open and rational mindset in any research and study with the ability not to be influenced by biases and prejudice.
• Data points like nations with the best research institutes and Universities eventually are also more prosperous and just.

Topic 7: History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.

• It is a famous Marxist quotation brought into current relevance by some contemporary events like  the impact of the pandemic, conflicts, and environmental problems on the economy and society.
• The key interpretation of the topic is that if something unjust, wrong, or indemnifying happens to us once, then we can interpret it as a tragedy, where no one can be blamed for a tragedy. However, if it happens repeatedly then an evil motivation must be involved.
• Repeated mismanagement during successive COVID waves is a classic example of this.
• Care should be taken by those candidates who identified it correctly as a quote by Marx as that does not mean that the essay is about Marx or Communism vs. Capitalism or a history-based topic alone.
• Climate change, Afghan crises, the Middle East, Mismanagement during the pandemic, and Religious conflicts and riots  can be directly mentioned as illustrations based on current affairs and GS readings.

Topic 8: There are better practices to best practices.

• The clear-cut interpretation of this topic is that we cannot be convinced of having achieved the best practices ever and we always can improve ourselves endlessly .
• This also implies that we must follow an action-oriented philosophy and not wait for perfection to arrive at our ideas.
• Examples from cultural practices, social practices, political practices, and economic practices can be cited from a wide range, which is one essay where examples can be thought of easily if the interpretation is correct.
• The  core value  of this essay can be summed up as  the pursuit of excellence and not of perfection.

Implications- Essay For UPSC:

Many aspirants appearing in mains do not practice Essay writing as much as they should.  One must avoid such a blunder.  Being a paper largely dominated by abstract topics, it is indicative of the fact that it is one of the critical ways of checking the interpersonal skills  of the candidates and how they can present case studies and interpret them in the examination.

Therefore, the following  parameters should be kept in mind  while preparing for Essays:

• Comprehension of the topics: There should be a clear understanding of the essay topics asked in previous years. Next comes the segregation of topics into abstract and topical essays.
• Creative writing skills
• Coherent and cohesive ideas
• Time management
• Current affairs should be read diligently as these help in generating good illustrations.
• Certain themes around women, education, morality, technology, etc., should be well prepared
• The regular practice of writing 10-12 pages should be the norm.
• The target should be to score above 140 marks.

The Road Ahead- Essay Writing For UPSC:

• This year the UPSC has gone all out to emphasize that the routine delivery of facts learned from studying General Studies cannot be mindlessly reproduced in the essay paper.
• The students must develop an ability to appreciate the abstraction of thought and use the data points carefully to suit the given context.
• The UPSC has indicated with this paper that an inability to comprehend or express complex thoughts in simple terms cannot be an excuse for not being comfortable with the Essay paper, where ALL the topics are of such a nature there is no alternative to learning to cultivate some reading and writing skills.
• The interesting part is that developing these basic skills is not difficult at all and we are sometimes just late in overcoming such fears due to a lack of proper guidance .
• Further, there has to be a different approach while attempting such a paper as these topics are beyond general studies and require  an awakened mind to deconstruct such topics.
• One must understand that UPSC always surprises everyone with the kind of questions they ask.

How Edukemy’s Essay Writing Program Can Help?

• Edukemy’s Essay Program  includes sessions where we pay special attention to  the techniques of interpreting the topics  of the essay correctly and expressing our thoughts clearly and simply with appropriate vocabulary.
• Abstract essays form an essential part of Edukemy’s module course  on Essay writing which focuses on cultivating the habit of thinking in abstraction and multi-layered approaches of using facts and data points to suit the philosophical themes.
• Edukemy stands out in curating a list of reading material (Famous Book Summaries/Excerpts and Philosophies of Famous Personalities) which we publish and regularly update along with our essay programs. There is additional material where quotes, examples, and case studies are provided for important essay themes.
• Edukemy’s Essay Test Series can help you develop a regular practice routine and improve your writing style through detailed and personalized feedback.

1. What is the format of the UPSC CSE Mains 2021 Essay Paper?

A: The UPSC CSE Mains 2021 Essay Paper consists of two sections, each containing four essay topics. Candidates are required to write two essays, one from each section. The word limit for each essay is 1,000-1,200 words. The topics cover a wide range of issues, and candidates are expected to critically analyze and present their thoughts on the given subjects.

2. How should I approach essay writing in UPSC CSE Mains 2021?

A: Approaching the essay paper requires a strategic mindset. Begin by understanding the demands of the topic, brainstorming ideas, and structuring your essay coherently. Emphasize a balanced and analytical approach, supported by facts, examples, and relevant quotations. Make sure to showcase a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. Time management is crucial, so allocate time wisely between the two essays.

3. What is the role of current affairs in the Essay Paper for UPSC CSE Mains 2021?

A: While the essay topics may not explicitly mention current events, candidates are expected to integrate contemporary issues into their essays. This showcases an awareness of the world around them and the ability to connect theoretical knowledge with practical situations. Including relevant examples and case studies from recent events can significantly enhance the quality of the essay.

4. How are essays evaluated in UPSC CSE Mains 2021?

A: Essays are evaluated based on several criteria, including clarity of expression, coherence, relevance of content, originality of thought, and the ability to present a well-structured argument. Examiners look for a candidate’s ability to critically analyze issues, provide a balanced perspective, and communicate ideas effectively. Clear and concise writing with proper grammar and language usage is also crucial.

5. Can I use bullet points or diagrams in my essays for UPSC CSE Mains 2021?

A: The UPSC recommends a traditional essay format, and the use of bullet points or diagrams is generally discouraged. However, if it aids in clarity and better presentation of your ideas, candidates can use them sparingly. It’s essential to prioritize a coherent narrative and ensure that the essay meets the specified word limit. Excessive use of bullet points or diagrams may lead to a loss of depth in the analysis.

In case you still have your doubts, contact us on 9811333901.  

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• JEE Main Question Paper

JEE Main 2021 Question Papers With Solutions

JEE Main 2021 question papers with solutions for the various sessions of the entrance exam are updated on this page. We have provided videos that include the solutions to the memory-based questions of JEE Main 2021 papers for the February and July sessions. Additionally, we have also released the JEE Main 2021 question paper PDFs along with the solutions for February and March sessions including both shift 1 and shift 2 papers.

Candidates who appeared for the exam can use the JEE Main 2021 question paper with solutions to check the correct answers and analyze their performance. They can further speculate their marks and tentative ranks. For other aspirants, they can use the paper to understand the paper pattern, difficulty level and the type of questions asked in the entrance exam. More significantly, going through these papers and solutions will help them to prepare well for the upcoming exams.

Our subject experts have provided a detailed explanation of each question. Candidates can check the questions and solutions of the different sessions of JEE Main 2021 below.

JEE Main 2021 4th Session Memory-based Paper Discussion

Jee main august 26 paper solutions.

JEE Main August 27 Paper Solutions

JEE Main August 31 Paper Solutions

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper PDFs

Jee main 2021 paper with solutions – february 24, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – february 25, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – february 26, jee main 2021 live paper solutions 24-feb shift-1 memory-based, jee main 2021 maths solutions.

JEE Main 2021 Chemistry Solutions

JEE Main 2021 Physics Solutions

2nd Session

Jee main 2021 paper with solutions – march 16th, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – march 17th, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – march 18th.

The first session of JEE Main 2021 was successfully conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) from February 23rd – 26th. However, there is a slight change in the exam pattern for 2021. NTA has decided to conduct the exam in four sessions. February is the first session while the remaining sessions will be held in the months of March, April and May. However, due to the ongoing pandemic April and May sessions have been postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and will be conducted in the month of July.

Students can find more and the latest information here: JEE Notifications.

Since the exam authority has released a notification stating that the April and May sessions will be held starting 20 July 2021. Students are advised to practice the  JEE Main Previous year Question Papers and evaluate their preparation level.

JEE Main 2021 Paper with Solutions – July (3rd) Session

Jee main 2021 paper with solutions – july 22, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – july 25, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – july 27, jee main 2021 july session memory-based paper discussion, july 20 shift 1 paper solutions.

July 22 Shift 2 Paper Solutions

JEE Main 2021 Session 4 Question Paper with Solutions

Jee main 2021 paper with solutions – august 26, jee main 2021 paper with solutions – august 27, also visit:.

• IIT JEE Study Material
• Chapterwise Previous Year Questions

JEE Main Answer Keys

In addition to the question papers, National Testing Agency will also release the answer key of JEE Main 2021 question papers on its official website. The answer keys will be released in two stages. In the first stage, the provisional answer key will be released wherein students can check and compare the answers. If they find any discrepancies they can challenge the answer key by taking the matter to the exam authorities with valid proof. 

Once all the responses are collected and corrected NTA will then release the final answer key. This will be the final copy. The official JEE Main 2021 answer keys will contain the correct responses to all the questions. Candidates can check their responses and come up with tentative JEE Main scores before the announcement of the official results. 

Students can check JEE Main 20201 answer keys from the link given below:

JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers

Students can also download JEE Main previous year question paper PDFs with solutions from the links provided below.

• JEE Main 2020 Question Paper
• JEE Main 2019 Question Paper
• JEE Main 2018 Question Paper
• JEE Main 2017 Question Paper
• JEE Main 2016 Question Paper

Benefits of Solving JEE Main 2021 Papers

There are some significant benefits of solving JEE Main 2021 question papers. Here we have mentioned a few of them.

• Students get a clear idea of the difficulty level and types of questions asked in the examination.
• As they go through the question papers they will get familiar with the JEE Main exam pattern and marking scheme.
• Test their knowledge and preparedness for the exam.
• Develop adept problem solving and time management skills.
• Get a real-time experience of the exam.
• Come up with an effective and result oriented preparation strategy.

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper Pattern And Marking Scheme

The exam authority has introduced new changes in the exam pattern. Here is a snapshot of the changes for JEE Main 2021.

• JEE Main Paper 1 exam will be held in February, March, April and May. Paper 2A (B. Arch) and Paper 2B  (B. Planning) will be held only twice a year (February and May sessions).
• Paper 1 will come with 90 questions where 20 questions will be asked in section a and 10 in section B. Students can answer a total of 75 questions – 20 questions in section a and 5 questions in section B for each subject – Physics, Chemistry, and Maths.
• Paper 2A is only set for B.Arch courses and will consist of 82 total questions out of which students can attempt only 77 questions (Mathematics- 25; Aptitude- 50; Drawing- 2). The total marks allotted is 400.
• Paper  2B will consist of 105 questions and students can attempt 100 questions. The paper will also be out of 400 marks.
• For Paper 2A and Paper 2B, candidates can answer any 5 out of the 10 questions in numerical value-based part in the Mathematics section.
• Quite interestingly, the question papers will be set in 13 different languages and they include – Tamil, Telugu, Urdu, Assamese, Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, in addition to Hindi, English and Gujarati.

Aspirants, if you are looking forward to JEE Main upcoming sessions and even JEE Advanced 2021, you can check out the pages below;

Frequently Asked Questions On JEE Main 2021 Question Paper?

What is the examination mode of jee main 2021.

JEE Main 2021 will be a computer-based test and held via online mode. Paper-1 will be entirely in computer-based mode whereas in Paper-2 Mathematics and Aptitude Test will be computer-based while the Drawing exam will be Pen and Paper-based.

What is the exam pattern of JEE Main 2021?

The exam pattern for JEE Main 2021 has been slightly changed. Keeping in view the decision taken by different Boards all over India, NTA has decided that there will be a total of 90 Questions in the Question Paper and candidates will be required to attempt 75 questions only. There will be no negative marking for 15 optional questions.

What kind of questions can I expect in JEE Main 2021?

JEE Main 2021 question paper will mostly consist of multiple-choice type questions which cover all the three science subjects – Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics.

Whether NTA has changed the syllabus of JEE (Main)-2021?

No, the syllabus of JEE Main 2021 is the same as that of the last year.

What is the medium of JEE Main question paper?

JEE Main question paper will be set in a bilingual medium. The paper will come in 13 different languages. JEE Main 2021 will be conducted in Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu in addition to Hindi and English.

Is it mandatory to attempt all the questions from each section in the JEE Main?

No, it is not mandatory or necessary for candidates to attempt all the questions. However, it is always better to attempt more questions as you will be able to score higher marks which will ultimately lead to a higher rank.

How many times can I attempt JEE Main 2021?

Candidates can attempt JEE Main a total of 4 times in 2021. The exam will be held in four sessions starting from February and will be held in March, April and May.

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JEE Main 2021 Question Paper with Answer Key and Solutions

• Question Paper

Download JEE Main 2021 Question Papers with Solutions PDF

Are you looking for the JEE Main 2021 question paper ? Then, look no further as here you can find the JEE Main question paper 2021 for February, March, July, and August Sessions for Shift 1 and Shift 2. NTA Conducted the JEE Main 2021 exams on the following days:

Students appearing for JEE Main exams can refer to these solved questions of the JEE Main 2021 question paper to have an idea about the question paper patterns and time management of the JEE Main Exam. All these questions are solved by our subject matter experts in a very clear and step-by-step manner for your understanding. 

Accessing these materials empowers you to tackle challenges effectively, refining your strategies and boosting confidence for the upcoming exam. Remember the more questions you solve, the more you will be confident on your final exam day. So, are you ready to start your preparation?

JEE Main Subject-Wise Previous Year Question Paper 2021

Prepare strategically for the JEE Main with access to subject-wise Previous Year Question Papers. Mastering the art of solving past exam papers is key to excelling in this competitive exam. Explore the table below for comprehensive collections of JEE Main Subject-wise Previous Year Question Papers, created to help your preparation. Refine your skills and boost confidence by practicing with these invaluable resources.

JEE Main 2021 Session-Wise Question Papers with Solutions PDF Download

Candidates who will be appearing in the upcoming JEE Main exam can refer to these JEE Main 2021 question papers and solve them regularly to be familiar with the JEE Main exam pattern . JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers are designed to equip you with invaluable insights, strategies, and comprehensive solutions that will not just acquaint you with the exam pattern but also elevate your preparation to a whole new level. Accessing this treasure trove of past papers and detailed solutions is your key to conquering the JEE Main 2021 with confidence and finesse. 

Given below are the solved JEE Main Question Papers with answer keys and solutions for the 2021 February and March Sessions. 

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper PDF Download (February  Session)

Here are the solution PDFs of JEE Main 2021 February Session Question Paper (February 24, 25, and 26 for both Shift 1 and Shift 2). Candidates can download these question papers for FREE by clicking on the link that has been provided in the table below.

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper PDF Download (March Session)

Here are the solution PDFs of JEE Main 2021 March Session Question Paper (March 16, 17 and 18 for both Shift 1 and Shift 2). Candidates can download these question papers for FREE by clicking on the link that has been provided in the table below.

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper PDF Download ( July Session)

Here are the solution PDFs of JEE Main 2021 July Session Question Paper (July 20, 22, 25, and 27 for both Shift 1 and Shift 2). Candidates can download these question papers for FREE by clicking on the link that has been provided in the table below.

JEE Main 2021 Question Paper PDF Download ( August Session)

Here are the solution PDFs of JEE Main 2021 August Session Question Paper (July 26, 27, and 31 for both Shift 1 and Shift 2). Candidates can download these question papers for FREE by clicking on the link that has been provided in the table below.

Benefits of Solving JEE Main 2021 Question Paper

JEE Main previous year question papers have an important role to play in your JEE Main preparation . Solving the JEE Main last year papers will help you to plan for the exam in a more strategic way. It not only boosts your confidence but also gives you clarity on the JEE exam pattern and difficulty level. 

Here are a few benefits of solving JEE Main 2021 Question Paper:

Regular solving of JEE Main previous year’s question papers will help you to understand the concepts well. You will also be familiar with the type of questions that can be asked in the upcoming exams.

You will be able to self-analyse your performance based on your speed and accuracy. The more you practise, the more accurate your answers will be.

You will be able to understand the JEE exam pattern in detail and also the weightage of all the topics. You can also get to know about the important questions that are repeated every year.

You will be well-prepared for the final exam as you will be already aware of the type of questions that will be asked.

Solving the JEE Main previous year paper multiple times will help you to improve your mistakes and you can sit for the main exam confidently. 

Remember, if you are well-focused and give your best effort, then it will not be a difficult task for you to score excellent marks in the upcoming JEE Main Exam. Download these FEE PDFs and begin your preparation today! 

To find more related information on JEE Main , you visit the main page of Vedantu. You can also take up JEE Main Mock Tests for Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics that are available on our website for better preparation.

JEE Main Year-Wise Question Papers with Solutions PDF Download

Vedantu also provides you year-wise question papers with solutions and answer keys for JEE Main exam. These papers help you understand how the exam works, which is super important for getting ready. Solving these papers gives you a good idea about how the exam has been changing. Find the JEE Main Year-Wise Previous Year Question Papers for past 10 years with solutions from the table below and download them for FREE. 

The JEE Main 2021 Question Papers, Answer Keys, and Solutions aren't just study materials; they're your prefect guide to understanding tough concepts and overcoming challenges. They help you practice, learn, and grow more confident. Remember, it's not just about finding answers but about gaining knowledge and becoming stronger in your preparation. Let these resources be your guide to success in the JEE Main 2021 journey.

FAQs on JEE Main 2021 Question Paper with Answer Key and Solutions

1. What are the JEE 2021 memory based question papers?

JEE 2021 memory based question papers are nothing but the questions which are collected from the students as per their memory. So that the aspiring students can gain benefits from these question papers and prepare accordingly.

2. How to download JEE Main 2021 question papers?

In order to download the 2021 JEE Main question papers, you have to visit the official website of Vedantu, where you will find the 2021 question papers in free PDF format. 

3. When JEE Main February 2021 official answer keys released?

Following the completion of the initial phase of JEE Main 2021, the National Testing Agency (NTA) has issued the answer keys for all exam papers conducted from February 23rd to 26th on March 1, 2021.

JEE MAIN IMPORTANT STUDY MATERIAL

Repeaters course for jee 2023 - 24.

GATE 2021 Question Papers and FINAL Answer Keys

Note: question papers and corresponding final answer keys of gate 2021 examination are now published on 17 th march 2021. after the “challenge/contest” round of the previously announced answer keys, subject experts from various iits-iisc had reassessed the answer keys. the gate 2021 committee has officially ratified the reassessed answer keys. the results of gate 2021 will be announced by 22 nd march 2021, using these final answer keys. candidates may use their response sheets and these final answer keys to calculate their raw marks of gate 2021 as per the marking scheme shown in the question paper..

Essays on democracy draw attention to critical threats, explore safeguards ahead of Jan. 6

F ollowing the events of Jan. 6, 2021—when a violent mob stormed the U.S. Capitol building in an effort to interrupt the certification process of the 2020 presidential election—experts began to question how to protect the next presidential election from a similar threat. To that end, University of Notre Dame political scientists have partnered with preeminent scholars of democracy from across the country to produce a set of recommendations to strengthen and safeguard democracy in America.

The University's Rooney Center for the Study of American Democracy established the January 6th, 2025, Project in an effort to understand the social, political, psychological and demographic factors that led to that troublesome day in the capital.

By pursuing research, teaching and public engagement, the project offers insight into how American democracy got to this point and how to strengthen and protect it, while emphasizing how to prepare for a similar attack many deem imminent on Jan. 6, 2025, when Congress seeks to certify the 2024 presidential election results. The project includes 34 members who represent various disciplines and leading universities—10 of whom hail from Notre Dame's faculty.

Matthew E.K. Hall, director of the Rooney Center, said one of the project's first goals was to create a collection of essays written by its members to be included in a special issue of The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science , which was published this month. These essays aim to draw attention to the vulnerabilities in our democratic system and the threats building against it, and to create consensus on ways to remedy both problems.

The authors set out to tackle the following tough questions, but from different perspectives: How serious are the threats to our democracy, how did we get to this point, and what can we do to fix the situation? The 14 essays are broken down into categories, falling under the headings of "'Us' Versus 'Them,'" "Dangerous Ideas" and "Undermining Democratic Institutions." With most pieces being co-authored by faculty from multiple institutions, the collection offers a collaborative approach to evaluating what led America to this crisis and how to avert it.

David Campbell, director of the Notre Dame Democracy Initiative and the Packey J. Dee Professor of American Democracy in the Department of Political Science, described the project as "an example of how Notre Dame can be a national leader on the issue of preserving American democracy. Not only do we have top scholars working on the issue, but we can provide a forum for a community of scholars across many leading universities. Maintaining democracy will require all hands on deck."

In the collection's introduction, Hall explained the backdrop of what led America to this point and why these essays help acknowledge the challenges we are facing as a nation.

"We are basically living through a revival of fascist politics in the U.S.," Hall wrote, "where politicians are using divisive rhetoric to separate us into an 'us' versus 'them' paradigm—left versus right, white versus Black, rich versus poor, urban versus rural, religious versus secular—the divisions go on and on."

Hall estimated that between 25 and 30% of Americans have consistently endorsed some fascist ideas such as racial oppression, conspiracy theories and authoritarianism. "Ordinarily, this consistent minority is held in check by the democratic process," Hall explained.

"These candidates don't even get nominated for major political positions because their co-partisan allies don't want to lose the general election.

"But when our politics become this intensely polarized, most partisans will support their party no matter who is nominated," he continued. "As a result, politicians pushing these fascist ideas can gain power by taking over one political party and then exploiting the polarization to win elections. Once taking power, they will likely manipulate the electoral process to remain in power."

Consequently, Hall said, fascist leaders are able to exploit these social divisions to break down basic social norms and shared understandings about American politics. This pushes huge swaths of society toward accepting dangerous ideas that would normally be rejected, such as expanded executive power, intense animosity toward political opponents, a wavering support for free speech, and political candidates who deny election losses.

This weakened support for democratic norms enables attacks on our democratic institutions, such as ignoring court rulings, enacting voter suppression laws and—most shockingly (as in the case of Jan. 6)—openly subverting elections.

With the political situation as dire as many feel it to be, the January 6th, 2025, Project's essays outline a few practical steps that can be taken to strengthen and safeguard democracy in America.

For example, Hall said, as the nation moves forward into this next election year, American voters have to stay focused on the "deliberate denial of reality" on the part of some politicians so that they can discern the difference between lies, truths and just plain distractions.

"The more we lose touch with basic facts and accept misinformation, conspiracies and contradictory claims as the norm in our society," he said, "the more vulnerable we are to losing our democracy.

"Even more importantly, we have to be willing to sacrifice short-term political gains in order to preserve the long-term stability of our democracy. That might mean holding your nose to vote for candidates that you would not otherwise support."

Hall added that Americans must redouble their devotion to democratic principles such as open elections and free speech, and states should adopt institutional reforms that remove partisans from the electoral process (for example, employing nonpartisan election commissions). He also noted the importance of paying close attention to efforts that divide groups of Americans, especially those that portray outgroup members as evil or less than human.

The members of the project hope that by honestly acknowledging the challenges our nation is facing, understanding the mistakes that were made and recognizing the vulnerabilities in our system that led us to this situation—and by resolving to fix these issues—we can pull our country's political system back from the edge of the cliff before it's too late.

"The public needs to take these critical threats seriously and we're hoping that these essays draw attention to them, and help to build consensus about the underlying problems in our politics and potential remedies," Hall concluded.

Democracy is one of several University-wide initiatives emerging from Notre Dame's recently released Strategic Framework . The Democracy Initiative will further establish Notre Dame as a global leader in the study of democracy, a convenor for conversations about and actions to preserve democracy, and a model for the formation of civically engaged citizens and public servants.

More information: Matthew E.K. Hall, The January 6th, 2025, Project: Fascist Politics and the Rising Threats to American Democracy, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (2024). DOI: 10.1177/00027162241234174

Provided by University of Notre Dame

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JEE Main 2024 Session 2 Previous Year Papers: Download PDF with Solutions

Jee main 2024 session 2 previous year paper: this article gives links to download pdfs of jee main question papers from the last 5 years. it also includes answer keys. download the 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 jee main paper pdfs..

JEE Main Session 2: The Joint Entrance Examination (Main) 2024 conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) is the national-level examination to get into the prestigious engineering colleges and institutes. Students who pass this exam add a step to their ladder which will take them to new heights. The JEE Main 2024 Session 1 was conducted in January and now Session 2 will be conducted between April 4, 2024, to April 15, 2024. The city intimation slip and other important resources will soon be released by NTA. Students are advised to regularly visit the official website to get the information at the right time. 

JEE Main Previous Year Question Papers (2019 - 2023)

JEE Main 2024 Answer Key Session 1

Key features of the JEE Previous Year Papers

• Covers Many Topics: They include questions from the whole JEE Main syllabus , showing what the exam might ask.
• Different Question Types : Have various kinds of questions, like multiple-choice and numerical ones, to practice.
• Shows Exam Format : Help understand how the exam looks, including how points are given for answers.
• Real Exam Feel : The difficulty is similar to the real exam, which helps in preparing better.
• Practice Timing : They help in practicing how to manage time during the actual exam.
• Find Weak Points : Help figure out which topics need more study.
• Answers Provided : Come with answers or explanations to understand how to solve questions.
• JEE Main Session 2 Syllabus 2024
• JEE Main Marks Vs Percentile: Know How to Calculate
• JEE Main 2024 Topper List for Session 1
• Which was the Toughest Shift for Session 1 Exam? Know here
• JEE Main 2024 Expected Cut Off
• JEE Main 2024 Minimum Qualifying Marks
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• JEE Mains deleted syllabus 2024
• JEE Main Free Mock Test Paper 2024

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Army recruitment paper leak case: AFT quashes ‘displeasure’ given to Lt Colonel

The case dates back to february 2021 when question papers for the common entrance exam were leaked, leading to the cancellation of the examination..

The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) has quashed an order by the Indian Army conveying “displeasure” to a Lt Colonel over his alleged role in a question paper leak case in Secunderabad in February 2021.

A “displeasure” is a censure awarded to military personnel for dereliction of duty.

Lt Col Satish Kumar, who was part of the Board of Officers tasked with printing question papers for a common entrance examination for the Army recruitment of soldiers (General Duty), had been awarded “displeasure” by the General Officer Commanding, Dakshin Bharat, Area for “failing to keep a check on the actions of Presiding Officer Lt Col Bhagatpreet Singh of the board” who was “found to have leaked the paper”.

Chandigarh AFT Bench Justice Sudhir Mittal and Air Marshal Manvendra Singh have in their order on March 27 found Lt Colonel Kumar “not guilty of any wrongdoing” and quashed the order that conveyed displeasure’ to him.

The case dates back to February 2021 when question papers for the common entrance exam were leaked, leading to the cancellation of the examination. A Court of Inquiry (CoI) was instituted, and an FIR was registered, resulting in the arrest of the Presiding Officer of the Board of Officers overseeing the printing of question papers.

Although the CoI did not hold Lt Col Kumar accountable for the leak, it alleged that he failed to diligently observe the actions of the Presiding Officer and did not associate himself with security checks. Consequently, the General Officer Commanding, Dakshin Bharat Area, conveyed his displeasure to Lt Col Kumar through an order issued on September 27, 2022.

Lt Col Kumar, through his counsel Brig Janesh Khera (retd), challenged the order before the AFT’s Chandigarh Bench. He contended that as a member of the Board of Officers, he was not obligated to monitor the functioning of other members, including the Presiding Officer, or involve himself in security checks, which were the responsibility of designated personnel.

He argued that an Independent Security JCO and a Provost JCO had been detailed for the said purpose of security checks. It was also stated that the Standard Operating Procedure (SoP) had been adhered to and there was no violation thereof. The reply having been found unsatisfactory; a ‘displeasure’ was communicated vide an order dated 27.09.2022.

After examining the SoP for printing question papers, the AFT bench concurred with the argument. The tribunal noted that the SoP did not require members of the Board to keep a watch over other members’ activities or associate themselves with security checks conducted outside the hall.

“The applicant was required to remain inside the hall and print the question papers and could not be expected to see whether the Security JCO or the Provost ICO were doing their duties or not. Had he done so, his attention would have been diverted from the main job which would have attracted the charge of negligence. The SoP also does not stipulate that members of the Board must keep a watch over the activities of other members of the Board. Accordingly, the charge that the applicant was not vigilant enough in observing the activities of the Presiding Officer is baseless,” the AFT bench said in its order.

Ruling that the charge against Lt Col Kumar was unfounded, the AFT quashed the impugned order dated September 27, 2022, conveying displeasure against the officer.

In May 2021, Lt Col Bhagatpreet Singh Bedi (44) was arrested by the Maharashtra Police which had investigated a paper leak detected in Pune .

Bedi was the presiding officer of the board which was carrying out the printing of the question paper. Lt Col Satish Kumar was at the time posted to an NCC Unit in Secunderabad. While serving with the unit he was detailed as a member of the Board of Officers. The printing of the question papers was being done in the office of Are Recruitment Officer (ARO), Secunderabad.

Lt Col Satish Kumar and another officer of the rank of Lt Col were working together on a photocopier machine whereas the Presiding Officer along with a junior officer were working on a standalone computer.

On the night of February 27/28, 2021, the intelligence authorities realised that a leak had taken place and a few people were apprehended in Pune, along with the leaked question paper. Thus, the examination was cancelled on February 28, 2021, and a CoI was ordered on March 10, 2021.

An FIR was also registered under which the Presiding Officer, Lt Col Bhagatpreet Singh was arrested.

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Mayank Yadav, the debutant for Lucknow Super Giants, made a remarkable start in the IPL 2024 by taking three wickets and bowling the fastest ball of the tournament at 155.8 kmph against Punjab Kings. He caused a stir with his incredible speeds of 147 kmph, 146 kmph, 150 kmph, 141 kmph, and 149 kmph even before his thunderbolt in the second over.

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Q: In Florida If you are in jail can divorce papers be served to you? Do you have to sign them if they are served to you?

Parents want a divorce, fighting over children. Mother had children. Mother got arrested and has been in jail for over a year case not tried yet. Courts gave Father the children. He now wants her to sign the paper for a divorce. Her attorney took herself off the case several months ago because nothing was happening since she was in jail. So no one to read the paper work if she is served to make sure she is not signing away her parental rights or to make sure she understands it.

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A: Yes, divorce papers can be served on you if you are in jail. No, you do not have to sign for the divorce papers if you are in jail. I hope this helps. Good luck!

Randy Bryan Ligh and Terrence H Thorgaard agree with this answer

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