cyber crime problem solution essay

Deterring cyber attacks: old problems, new solutions

Senior Lecturer, New Zealand Institute for Security and Crime Science, University of Waikato

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As the investigation into Russia’s interference in the US election deepens, it is becoming obvious that the events in 2016 are just the tip of an iceberg.

Ever since the Russian cyber assault on Estonia in 2007, policymakers and cyber security scholars have debated how best to deter cyber attacks that cross international borders. Yet both state and non-state actors continue using the internet for malicious purposes with an unacceptable level of impunity.

The growing global market in cyber crime is projected to hit US$6 trillion by 2021 . Curtailing the risk requires new approaches.

Read more: The public has a vital role to play in preventing future cyber attacks

Old problems

Fundamentally, deterrence is about convincing an adversary that the costs of an attack outweigh the benefits. One of the problems in cyber deterrence policy has been a reliance on ideas that were formulated in the very different security environment of the Cold War.

Cold War concepts rely on deterrence by punishment (striking back at an adversary with retaliatory attacks) and deterrence by denial (denying your adversary the ability of a first strike, for example by having too many hidden nuclear missiles sites). While these binary models may have applied in the context of two nuclear superpowers locked in a decades-long geopolitical conflict, they don’t translate easily to a global network of interconnected computers.

Read more: Is counter-attack justified against a state-sponsored cyber attack? It's a legal grey area

The first problem is attribution. If you can’t identify the actor responsible for a cyber attack, how can you punish them? Retaliatory cyber attacks can also cause collateral damage. They drag in third parties who may come to the assistance of the adversary, escalate cyber conflict and legitimise the use of cyber capabilities for political and strategic gain. The prospect of using military force to punish cyber attackers is also viewed as disproportionate as a response to most malicious cyber activity.

Deterrence by denial is a similarly problematic framework. The “attack surface” the internet presents is staggeringly large. The number of internet-connected services is set to reach 75 billion by 2025 . It is unrealistic to expect that we can ensure that all those devices are secure and cannot be used as back doors into other computer systems.

New solutions

Before leaving office, the Obama administration assigned US$19 billion for research on cyber security.

One of the priorities of this funding was to ensure further improvements to attribution technologies and processes. This could make a big difference to the effectiveness of cyber deterrence, especially when combined with clearer communication by policymakers about the evidence they have about the source of attacks. Cutting through some of the smoke and mirrors put in place around the Putin government’s cyber operations should be a high priority.

Another radical proposal is to change how the internet operates so that it becomes an identified and attributed network where logging in involves providing specific personal identification. This has been given serious attention in the US national security community.

It has obvious implications for maintaining the internet as a free and open global resource. But the internet will have to keep evolving to deal with the growing impact of cyber attacks. Building a more secure domain for some internet traffic is worth considering.

Changing how we think about attacks

New technology may help enhance cyber deterrence, but we will need to change our thinking too. During the Cold War, deterrence was absolute. Even one attack could have proven devastating. In contrast, deterrence in cyberspace will be cumulative. As the scholar Uri Tor has argued , cyber deterrence is about how to “postpone, limit, and shape a series of ongoing conflicts with a variety of state and sub-state actors”. It is not about preventing all attacks at all times.

The role of laws and norms in deterring malicious cyber activity should be given greater attention. Some countries don’t even have current laws that make hacking a criminal offence. This could be solved by more states signing up to the Budapest Convention on cyber crime , which requires the adoption of laws on cyber crime and enables collaborative policing to deal with cyber attackers.

New proposals coming out of the Tallinn Manual 2.0 process suggest the emergence of deterrence mechanisms through international law. This includes holding states to legal account when hackers are operating with impunity from within their territory or being directed by the state. In this scenario, a form of self-deterrence may emerge when governments realise that hackers pose risks to the states themselves.

Resilient systems

Cyber resilience involves having back ups for computer networks and the societal services they provide. A cyber attack would have minimal impact if systems are in place to replace an internet service as quickly as it is taken down.

Cyber resilience holds particular promise for critical infrastructure providers in the transport, health and energy sectors. These organisations will never have the authority to deter cyber attacks through retaliatory cyber countermeasures, but need to find ways to obscure the cyber targets on their backs.

Similarly, given recent efforts to subvert democracy through cyber operations, the resilience concept will have particular appeal to the electoral governance sector. Building resilience in our elections systems (including election advertising on social media) is a priority for democratic countries, especially in light of the recent scandals around Cambridge Analytica’s misuse of Facebook data during the US election .

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✍️Essay on Cybercrime: Free Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Apr 26, 2024

The 21st century is a digital age, where any and every task is done on the internet. All thanks to the developments in technology which have been the main factor to ease human life on earth and maybe on other plants in future. But with the benefits of technology, there are several harmful effects, one of them which has recently gained popularity; Cyber Crime. 

Cybercrime has emerged as pervasive and evolved as one of the most dangerous threats to humans. There are several users on the internet who indulge in illegal and criminal activities, using computers and networks. To guide you through this hot debate topic, below we have discussed essays on cybercrime.

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words
• 3 Essay on Cybercrime in 300 Words
• 4 Short Essay on Cybercrime

Also Read: Essay on Student Life

Essay on Cybercrime in 100 Words

Cybercrime involves illegal activities like hacking, ransomware, cyberbullying, online fraud, etc. People who are involved in cybercrime or any similar activities are called hackers, scammers or fraudsters. Cybercrime leads to financial loss for individuals who have fallen victim to one. Cybercrime often invades a person’s privacy by stealing their personal details, including sensitive data, photos, and communication records, which can be used for blackmailing or any malicious purpose.

There are several governmental and non-government organizations which are working 

To tackle cybercrime by raising awareness among the masses, cyber security training, implementing robust security protocols, and enacting comprehensive cybercrime laws.

Also Read: I Love My India Essay: 100 and 500+ Words in English for School Students

Essay on Cybercrime in 200 Words

Cybercrime is a criminal activity done online using a computer, network and internet. With the increasing use of the internet and mobile phones, the number of criminal activities has also gained pace.  These criminal-minded people steal the personal details of a person, which leads to financial losses and damages the reputation of the victims. Various scams and fraudulent schemes are offered on the internet like online auctions, advance fees, or any investment scam, which are all aimed at deceiving individuals into parting with their money.

Cybercrime is not limited to financial losses or reputational damage, a more discrete term has emerged; cyberbullying.  In cyberbullying, a person is harassed, humiliated, or threatened online. This can have severe psychological and emotional consequences. Ethical hackers or white hat hackers can help organizations identify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious hackers exploit them. 

Cybercrime doesn’t have any boundaries and is an international issue and international cooperation is crucial for tracking and prosecuting cybercriminals who operate across borders. To combat cybercrime effectively, a multi-faceted approach is required, involving education, technology, legislation, and international cooperation. As technology continues to advance, our efforts to combat cybercrime must keep pace to protect our increasingly interconnected world.

Also Read : Essay on Winter Season

Essay on Cybercrime in 300 Words

Economists have termed cybercrime as ‘ A Hidden Threat to the Digital World.’ Modern humans are relying on the internet for their day-to-day activities and every macro and micro activity. In this sense, the term cybercrime comes to the front. Cybercrime refers to criminal activities conducted through the use of computers, networks, and the Internet. 

Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

The consequences of cybercrime are far-reaching. Financial losses run into 10 digits annually, affecting individuals and organizations alike. Personal privacy is invaded as cybercriminals steal sensitive data, photos, and communication records. In cases of cyberbullying and harassment, victims suffer reputational damages, psychological distress, and emotional trauma, particularly in cases of cyberbullying and harassment.

It’s necessary to look for a multifaceted approach to deal with cybercrime, some of which are.

• Raising public awareness through campaigns where people are informed about the risks of cybercrime and educate them on best practices for online safety.
• Individuals and organizations should implement robust security protocols, regularly update software, and use multi-factor authentication to protect their digital assets.
• Governments should enact and enforce cybercrime laws, providing law enforcement agencies with the resources and expertise needed to prosecute cybercriminals effectively.
• Looking at the global nature of cybercrime, international collaboration is vital. Countries should work together to share threat intelligence and cooperate in the investigation and prosecution of cybercriminals.
• Ethical hackers can help organizations identify and rectify vulnerabilities in their systems before malicious actors exploit them.

Tackling cybercrime requires proactive measures, including education, strong cybersecurity practices, legislation, international cooperation, and the active involvement of ethical hackers.

Also Read: Essay on Green Energy PDF: 150 and 250 Words

Short Essay on Cybercrime

Find the short essay on cyber crime from below:

Cybercrime is an illegal and unethical activity which is done by hackers and fraudsters to gain financial or any other benefits for themselves.

To tackle cybercrime, several measures can be taken. Some of these measures are education and public awareness, research and innovation, ethical hacking, etc.

To write an essay on cybercrime, you need to give details on how it works and the level of danger it poses to humans. Cybercrime consists of various malicious activities like hacking, phishing, ransomware attacks, identity theft, online fraud, and cyberbullying. Hackers, fraudsters, scammers, criminals, and even state-sponsored actors exploit vulnerabilities in digital systems to steal sensitive information, disrupt operations, and cause financial and emotional harm to victims.

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Cyber Crime - Essay Samples And Topic Ideas For Free

Cyber crime encompasses any criminal activity that involves a computer, networked device or a network itself. Essays on cyber crime might explore various types of cyber crimes, the methodologies used by criminals, and the impact of these crimes on individuals, businesses, and nations. Discussions could also cover the challenges in cyber security, the role of governmental and international agencies in combating cyber crime, and the evolving legal frameworks designed to prosecute and prevent cyber crime. Analyzing the psychological and sociological factors contributing to cyber crime, and examining case studies of significant cyber criminal activities can provide a comprehensive insight into the digital underworld. We have collected a large number of free essay examples about Cyber Crime you can find at PapersOwl Website. You can use our samples for inspiration to write your own essay, research paper, or just to explore a new topic for yourself.

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• Cyber Crime Essay

Essay on Cyber Crime

Cyber crime is the most discussed issue of the 21st century. The technology sector world wide is witnessing  a boom in the consumer of smartphones and the internet which is raising concerns with regard to the privacy and security of the users. Owing to this reason, it is highly essential for all the users to know about cyber crime  & security.  As a result, thi topic has become the most favorite topic of the examiner and can often be seen asked in the exams.  In this view, students must have information on cyber crime and stay prepared to tackle such topics in the essay question in the English paper.

Introduction

Cybercrime is a dangerous attack a company or an individual may face. There are many cases where the cyber attack has brought massive loss to the company and individuals due to the data hack. We live in a technology-driven era, and every piece of information is now fed on computers. Cybercrime involves an attack on computers and digital devices. These cyber-attacks can prove hazardous not just for the organization, but also for the nation. To date, there are many digital attack cases in India and global, pushing for more security measures. These attacks are also affecting the economy of the country if not controlled in the initial stage.

What is Cybercrime?

Cybercrime or attack is defined as the systematic criminal activity occurring digitally

and done by attackers. There are many examples of cybercrime, including fraud,

malware viruses, cyberstalking and others. Due to these, government agencies and

companies are investing more in the maintenance and hiring of cybercrime experts. 

Earlier, cybercrime was committed only by individuals or by small groups. However, now a highly complex cybercriminals network work on attacking the system for data

collection.

Three groups of cybercrimes-

This is the form of cyberstalking, trafficking, and grooming. Over the years, this

This type of cybercrime has been taken seriously by law enforcement agencies. It is

now keeping a track over every such attack on an individual.

Similar to the real world where criminals steal the property, in the cyber world,

attackers steal data. Here, the attacker steals a person's bank details and

misuse the credit card for online purchase. By using malicious software, the

attacker attacks the property to disrupt the system of the organization.

These types of crimes are denoted as cyber terrorism. This can be a terror because

the attacker can get hold of essential documents related to government

projects. An enemy nation or terrorist usually makes such attacks. There are

many cases globally where a terrorist hacks government data.

Apart from these, there is a financial crime where the hacker steals the money of the

user account holder. Moreover, they steal company data and finance.

In this type, the computer system of the person is hacked to get personal

information. In many countries, including India, hacking is a punishable act.

It is quite different from ethical hacking. In normal hacking, illegal use

different types of software to enter the system of the target person. Hacker is

then able to monitor every activity done by the person.

This Cybercrime is about violating copyright and downloading music or movies. In

India, many movies before their releases are leaked on the movie download

sites. In other words , theft is also called privacy, which can bring a huge

loss to the organization.

Cyber Stalking

It is online harassment by an individual or a group of people. Normally, these

stalkers target an individual and harass online. There are many cases of

cyberstalking in India, resulting in the target person ending up taking

Malicious Software

These are computer-based cybercrimes where virus-based software is installed in the

target people or organization computers. This is to damage the system and

corrupt the data of the target.

Laws Related to Cybercrime

In India, there are many cybercrime laws enacted to stop this threat. Be it for

the individual or the organization; these laws help to either bring down the

number of cases or eliminate these digital crimes.

Apart from these laws, as an individual, you also need to take steps to stop these

crimes. Like, not providing your login details, installing trust anti-virus

software and keeping your online profile private can help to act against such

Cybercrime is a significant threat that can bring huge loss to the individual and the

organization. It is essential to follow basic online rules to ensure the safety

of self and the organization.

Benefits of Cyber Crime Essay in English provided by Vedantu

The essay on cybercrime provided by Vedantu is prepared by highly qualified teachers which makes it a reliable source of information. This information could be utilized for a variety of reasons. Being a reliable piece of information the essay will benefit everyone curious to know about the topic.

Following are the highlights of its benefits:

Reliable information 

Adaptive to the context 

Precise language

Fulfills the requirements of the students for english exam questions 

Comprehensive and analytical. The  article digs in the depth of the issue and analyzes it through a 360 degree perspective.

The essay could also be used by the students for preparing themselves for the essay question in the English paper. This essay is an excellent guide to understand what the examiner is looking for in the exam. Moreover, the topic of cybercrime is quite a recurrent one in the exam. So the students use this essay to deal with the same topic.

The Essay on Cyber Crime is an excellent guide on averting any possibilities of a cyber attack. On today's date, one is mostly on the internet for a variety of reasons. It becomes essential for one to know important tips that can keep one safe from cyberbullies, thieves, or blackmailers. It is also important for one to understand the right course of actions to be taken in an eventuality of such an incident.

Download the cybercrime essay for students in English on the Vedantu website.

FAQs on Cyber Crime Essay

1. How Does Cybercrime Work?

Group of people or an individual commits most of these cyber-crimes. These criminals use a systematic process to hack and commit these acts. These criminal communities share strategies and tools to launch attacks. Some of the cybercrime techniques

Fast Flux - In this method, the hacker moves data quickly among computers in a botnet, making it challenging to find the right source.

Social Engineering - This method includes using lies and manipulation to trick people into revealing their personal information.

Skimmers - This involves installing a skimming tool in an ATM and stealing the information. You may find such skimming devices in ATMs.

There are some digital criminals targeting organizations to steal personal information.

2. How Cybercrime Affects Society?

Cybercrime can hugely affect society. In 2018, the US faced a loss of $600 billion. As consumers are increasingly allowing technologies to get into their lives, cyber attackers are getting better access. Some of the essential information available are-

Personal health data, sleep schedules, and geo-locations Shopping history, account information, and passive conversations noticed voice-controlled devices, Private conversations on social media accounts.

Your entire life is now available on social media, making it vulnerable to hack or cyber-attack. Attackers use different techniques including- installing malware, virus, phishing, cyberstalking, etc. These can certainly bring loss of lives and data for individuals and organizations. For society, this is a significant loss in the long run.  One needs to be very careful when presenting himself socially.

3. How to stay secure in times of cybercrime?

Cybercrime is a real threat posing to society. It is the 21st-century version of theft and blackmailing. There are certain ways one should adopt to prevent any possibilities of cybercrime. Do not disclose the banking details to random people or fill the CVV of your debit or credit cards on an unknown and unverified website. Keep your passwords always discrete. The camera of the laptop should always be covered.

4. Where can I get a cybercrime essay?

One can find a good quality cyber crime essay on Vedantu's website. The essay which is prepared by the expert teachers describes everything that one needs to know about cybercrime. It is the one-stop solution for all your requirements on the topic. Their essay is available in PDF format on the website and could be downloaded on any device. One downloaded essay could be used in offline mode too. If one finds it feasible, the printout of the PDF could also be taken out.

Essay on Cybercrime for Students & Children in 1000 Words

In this article you will read an Essay on Cybercrime in English 1000 words for students and children. It includes its meaning, types, causes and prevention tips.

Table of Contents

The malicious activity of Cybercrime was first reported in 1970 when new computerized phones were being targeted. Tech-savvy people found ways to play long-distance calls through a series of codes. 

hey were the first to exploit the system by modifying both software and hardware to steal long-distance phone time.

It was the instance that made people understand that computer systems are more vulnerable to criminal activity, and the more complex the system became, it became more susceptible to Cybercrime.

What is Cybercrime? 

Cybercrime is a crime that is conducted involving computers and networks. The computer might be the tool used to commit the crime or the intended target on which the crime has been committed. 

Cybercrime may be a crime to intentionally harm the reputation of an individual in the digital world, which might cause virtual, physical, and mental harm to the individual. 

It also threatens a person’s and nation’s security and financial health. Issues like hacking, copyright infringement, unwarranted mass surveillance are the significant and high prolific crimes that are committed. 

Computers can be used as both tools and targets depending on the type of hacker utilizing the equipment. These crimes involve less technical expertise and typically exploit human weakness.  

Just like individuals walking around leaves marks, a skilled tracker can follow. Cyber criminals leave identities and locations even though they provide the best efforts to track their tracks. 

To develop the clues, international treaties are ratified between the countries so that they can follow the concern of hackers committing crimes and frauds.   

Types of Cybercrime 

1. identity theft.

In this sort of Cybercrime, criminals access the profile of the user and use their personal information to steal funds or commit fraud based on the user. 

The criminal can also generate your digital account and utilize the same to commit fraud and even claim benefits from the various government schemes in your name. 

The criminal uses the password obtained from hacking the victim’s personal information from social media or by sending phishing emails. 

2. Cyberstalking

This Cybercrime involves online harassment where the victim is subjected to a plethora of online messages and emails. 

Typically, the stalker uses social media , websites, and search engines to intimate the victim and instils fear. The stalker knows the victim and makes the person feel afraid and concerned for their safety.  

3. Cyberextortion

This kind of crime also occurs when the website, email server is threatened with repeated denial of service or attacks by hackers. The hackers demand money in return for a promise to stop attacking and provide protection.  

By the latest reports, Cybercrime extortion is increasingly attacking the corporate website and their networks, crippling their capability to operate and demanding payments to restore their service. 

At least 20-30 cases are reported each month regarding extortion and are not even reported to Cybercrime cells. 

4. Cyberwarfare

The department of the US Army has noted the increase of cyber warfare in recent times due to constant change in the geostrategic significance. 

It is one of the fronts that the defence body of every country is focused on to thwart hackers from attacking the computer networks of their country.  

Further, all the essential utilities of a country, including the defence systems, are monitored controlled through computers and networks with little human intervention. 

The criminals are continually finding ways to penetrate the network systems so that they can extort money from the government of the countries. The Defence bodies of the states are always trying to be ten steps ahead of the criminal hackers to defend their homelands.  

5. Financial Frauds and Crime

Computer frauds are where there is a misrepresentation of facts intended to cause harm to an individual or an organization. The evasion will result in altering the data in unauthorized ways like entering the false data or by entering illegal instruction or processes. 

Modifying or deleting the stored data. Other frauds may include bank fraud or theft of classified information. These types of crimes lead to the loss of confidential information or financial information.  

Through the automated teller machine (ATM), many people get cash nowadays by using cards and typing personal identification numbers (PINs). 

Criminals have developed ways to intercept both data in the magnetic stripe on the cards and the PIN to create fake cards and withdraw cash from the ATM.  

6. Drug trafficking through darknets

Drug traffickers are always finding ways to sell their products & find new customers for their products. 

In this modern age of time, Darknet is one of the places in the digital world where criminals are selling their products to the customers without even coming into physical contact with them. 

7. Social Engineering

It is the kind of crime in which the criminals make direct contact with the victim, usually through phone or email. 

They try to gain the confidence of the victim by posing as customer service agents so that the victim gives away the required information willingly. Usually, the data is like a password; the company, the victim, works for or has bank information.  

Cybercriminals will try to find out as much information through social networking and try to add you as your friend on social accounts. Once they gain entry to your accounts, they can sell your information or secure the report in your name. 

Potentially Unwanted Programs known as PUPs are less threatening than other cyber-crimes but are a type of malware. The purpose of these programs is to uninstall necessary software from your system, including search engines and pre-downloaded apps. 

They can include spyware or adware; it is, therefore, an excellent idea to install antivirus software to avoid malicious downloads. 

9. Phishing 

Phishing is the type of attack that involves hackers sending a malicious attachment along with email or the URLs to the users to gain access to their computers and accounts. 

Cybercriminals are becoming more established; these mails are also not flagged as spam. Sometimes the users are tricked into emails claiming they must change the password or update their billing information, giving the hacker access. 

10. Illegal Contents: 

Cybercrime also involves hackers sharing inappropriate content that can be considered highly offensive and distressing. Offensive content can include criminal activities, intense violence, and sexual activity between two adults. 

Illegal contents also include the radicalizing of the youths and leading them to commit terror-related activities. These types of materials are available on both the everyday internet and anonymous dark web. 

Crime and Cybercrime have increasingly become significant problems for society. Both in the public webspace and dark web space, cybercriminals are highly skilled and are not easy to find. 

Cybercrime has generated a foremost threat to those who use the internet with loads of information stolen by hackers and causing a dent in the economy. 

Causes of Cybercrime

As I have mentioned above Cybercrime is of several types so using the internet without knowing the proper security information is not good.

Below we have given a few major causes of Cybercrime:

1. Lack of knowledge

Today internet is one of the most important places to get information about everything. You will get every information on any topic when you search on internet.  

But using it without knowledge is dangerous which is one of the major causes of Cybercrime.  Most of the peoples only get hacked only because of lack of knowledge. 

So, before entering to the cyber world you must have the knowledge of above given types of Cybercrimes.

2. Using internet without limitations

Using internet is very easy but using without any limitation is one of the major causes of Cybercrimes. You must have some limits to share your data on internet.

If you use social media you must set up your privacy settings properly. Sharing All of your personal data on internet without any limitation cause data hacks and Cybercrimes.

Not only this Childrens are more susceptible to cybercrime now a days because they are now sticking with their mobile phones and laptops most of the time. this issue started after the rise of online education all over the world.

Few parents are aware of this type of issue and they always limit their kid’s device usage. 

Sharing your card and bank details on internet for any type of fake offer another cause of Cybercrime. In short words you must have to create few limitations during using your device network on internet.

3. Using Cracked software

Most people use cracked software and applications in their devices. It is another major cause of Cybercrime.

Hacker’s crack software’s and put malware inside it. So, when users install it in their PC and mobile the hacker gets into their device and easily steals their passwords, Wi-Fi details, and important data.

4. Storing of data in small space 

Still in this digital world people are keeping their important documents and data in small space of their PC and mobile phone. This is causing the ultimate cybercrime.

Always try to keep your private and important data in secure cloud folder or cloud data base with 2FA and OTP verification enabled.

How to prevent cybercrime?

In this modern-day age of technology, hackers are taking over our systems, and no one is safe. The crime is also not easily detectable, but there are ways to protect yourself from these crimes like educating yourself and your colleagues and taking preventive measures.  

There are few simple steps to protect yourself from Cybercrime. Let’s go through those points:

1. Use a premium security service in your device

Must use a premium security app in your electronic device which will secure your files and scan your network. Also, most of the security software’s secure your data from ransomware attacks.

2. Use password protection apps and plugins

If someone hacks your Google password, he will easily get all the credential saved on Chrome browser. So nowadays it is better to install an extra Password Manager with Two-Factor Authentication (2FA). 

Most of the password managers are available for both PC and Smartphones . So, it will be easy for you to synchronize your passwords on both of your devices. Most of the cybercrime today is happening only because of password hack.

3. Keep your device and OS software updates

Updating your device regularly is the most important thing in device security, it avoids new Malware and cybercrime. So always update as soon as possible when you get a new security patch notification on your device.

4. Properly set up your social media privacy settings

Now a days most of the people use social media but using it properly is most important. Most of the hackers stole personal information from social media accounts.

Correctly editing your privacy settings in social media keeps your profile secure and visible to your near and dear ones only. Opening it to everyone may lead to account hacking or stealing of important personal details.

5. Use a strong password in your network devices

Using an automatic password generation tool or extension in your device provides you with a better strong password. Not only this, try to change your wireless network passwords every month if possible.

6. Always use child mode when kids are using devices

Children in everyone’s house use their parent’s laptop and smartphone but nobody keeps limitations during their usage. Kids are not aware of any type of Cybercrime so they may make mistakes which may cause personal and important data hacks.

Most of the Smartphones and computers are now coming with a child mode option. Always ON that option when your child is using your phone.

7. Use a reliable VPN to secure your identity

If you are worried about your personal data hack using a VPN in your device solves this problem. When the VPN is active nobody will track you and know your location.

Accessing your accounts became hard to hack by hackers. Using a VPN stops most of the cybercrime happening nowadays.

8. Stay updated about the latest security breaches

Every OS and device company provides regular updates to their users. The main reason for it is the latest security patches keep the devices secure from new vulnerabilities. So, always update your device software as soon as you get. 

9. Keep knowledge of what to do when you’re hacked?

Hackers are very clever so maybe after doing all the above precautions you may get hacked. After gone hand everybody gets worried about their important files and data.

Every country has different departments and laws for dealing with cybercrimes. You must know what to do when you are hacked. In India there is a National Cybercrime Reporting Portal where you can report your issue.

Cybercrime is one of the major security concerns for all of us. We need to use our online work using with secure connection and database.

Also, you should aware of different types of cyber hacks happening now a days. You can also go through various Cybercrime prevention steps to avoid any cyberattack.

Following all the step keeps you away from cyber hack and secure you from fraud. I hope this Essay on Cybercrime helped you to understand all about it in short.

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• Backgrounds of Convicted Offenders
• Confiscation
• Confiscation in Practice
• Mutual Legal Assistance (MLA)
• Extradition
• Transfer of Criminal Proceedings
• Transfer of Sentenced Persons
• Module 12: Prevention of Organized Crime
• Adoption of Organized Crime Convention
• Historical Context
• Features of the Convention
• Related international instruments
• Conference of the Parties
• Roles of Participants
• Structure and Flow
• Recommended Topics
• Background Materials
• What is Sex / Gender / Intersectionality?
• Knowledge about Gender in Organized Crime
• Gender and Organized Crime
• Gender and Different Types of Organized Crime
• Definitions and Terminology
• Organized crime and Terrorism - International Legal Framework
• International Terrorism-related Conventions
• UNSC Resolutions on Terrorism
• Organized Crime Convention and its Protocols
• Theoretical Frameworks on Linkages between Organized Crime and Terrorism
• Typologies of Criminal Behaviour Associated with Terrorism
• Terrorism and Drug Trafficking
• Terrorism and Trafficking in Weapons
• Terrorism, Crime and Trafficking in Cultural Property
• Trafficking in Persons and Terrorism
• Intellectual Property Crime and Terrorism
• Kidnapping for Ransom and Terrorism
• Exploitation of Natural Resources and Terrorism
• Review and Assessment Questions
• Research and Independent Study Questions
• Criminalization of Smuggling of Migrants
• UNTOC & the Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants
• Offences under the Protocol
• Financial & Other Material Benefits
• Aggravating Circumstances
• Criminal Liability
• Non-Criminalization of Smuggled Migrants
• Scope of the Protocol
• Humanitarian Exemption
• Migrant Smuggling v. Irregular Migration
• Migrant Smuggling vis-a-vis Other Crime Types
• Other Resources
• Assistance and Protection in the Protocol
• International Human Rights and Refugee Law
• Vulnerable groups
• Positive and Negative Obligations of the State
• Identification of Smuggled Migrants
• Participation in Legal Proceedings
• Role of Non-Governmental Organizations
• Smuggled Migrants & Other Categories of Migrants
• Short-, Mid- and Long-Term Measures
• Criminal Justice Reponse: Scope
• Investigative & Prosecutorial Approaches
• Different Relevant Actors & Their Roles
• Testimonial Evidence
• Financial Investigations
• Non-Governmental Organizations
• ‘Outside the Box’ Methodologies
• Intra- and Inter-Agency Coordination
• Admissibility of Evidence
• International Cooperation
• Exchange of Information
• Non-Criminal Law Relevant to Smuggling of Migrants
• Administrative Approach
• Complementary Activities & Role of Non-criminal Justice Actors
• Macro-Perspective in Addressing Smuggling of Migrants
• Human Security
• International Aid and Cooperation
• Migration & Migrant Smuggling
• Mixed Migration Flows
• Social Politics of Migrant Smuggling
• Vulnerability
• Profile of Smugglers
• Role of Organized Criminal Groups
• Humanitarianism, Security and Migrant Smuggling
• Crime of Trafficking in Persons
• The Issue of Consent
• The Purpose of Exploitation
• The abuse of a position of vulnerability
• Indicators of Trafficking in Persons
• Distinction between Trafficking in Persons and Other Crimes
• Misconceptions Regarding Trafficking in Persons
• Root Causes
• Supply Side Prevention Strategies
• Demand Side Prevention Strategies
• Role of the Media
• Safe Migration Channels
• Crime Prevention Strategies
• Monitoring, Evaluating & Reporting on Effectiveness of Prevention
• Trafficked Persons as Victims
• Protection under the Protocol against Trafficking in Persons
• Broader International Framework
• State Responsibility for Trafficking in Persons
• Identification of Victims
• Principle of Non-Criminalization of Victims
• Criminal Justice Duties Imposed on States
• Role of the Criminal Justice System
• Current Low Levels of Prosecutions and Convictions
• Challenges to an Effective Criminal Justice Response
• Rights of Victims to Justice and Protection
• Potential Strategies to “Turn the Tide”
• State Cooperation with Civil Society
• Civil Society Actors
• The Private Sector
• Comparing SOM and TIP
• Differences and Commonalities
• Vulnerability and Continuum between SOM & TIP
• Labour Exploitation
• Forced Marriage
• Other Examples
• Children on the Move
• Protecting Smuggled and Trafficked Children
• Protection in Practice
• Children Alleged as Having Committed Smuggling or Trafficking Offences
• Basic Terms - Gender and Gender Stereotypes
• International Legal Frameworks and Definitions of TIP and SOM
• Global Overview on TIP and SOM
• Gender and Migration
• Key Debates in the Scholarship on TIP and SOM
• Gender and TIP and SOM Offenders
• Responses to TIP and SOM
• Use of Technology to Facilitate TIP and SOM
• Technology Facilitating Trafficking in Persons
• Technology in Smuggling of Migrants
• Using Technology to Prevent and Combat TIP and SOM
• Privacy and Data Concerns
• Emerging Trends
• Demand and Consumption
• Supply and Demand
• Implications of Wildlife Trafficking
• Legal and Illegal Markets
• Perpetrators and their Networks
• Locations and Activities relating to Wildlife Trafficking
• Environmental Protection & Conservation
• CITES & the International Trade in Endangered Species
• Organized Crime & Corruption
• Animal Welfare
• Criminal Justice Actors and Agencies
• Criminalization of Wildlife Trafficking
• Challenges for Law Enforcement
• Investigation Measures and Detection Methods
• Prosecution and Judiciary
• Wild Flora as the Target of Illegal Trafficking
• Purposes for which Wild Flora is Illegally Targeted
• How is it Done and Who is Involved?
• Consequences of Harms to Wild Flora
• Terminology
• Background: Communities and conservation: A history of disenfranchisement
• Incentives for communities to get involved in illegal wildlife trafficking: the cost of conservation
• Incentives to participate in illegal wildlife, logging and fishing economies
• International and regional responses that fight wildlife trafficking while supporting IPLCs
• Mechanisms for incentivizing community conservation and reducing wildlife trafficking
• Critiques of community engagement
• Other challenges posed by wildlife trafficking that affect local populations
• Global Podcast Series
• Apr. 2021: Call for Expressions of Interest: Online training for academics from francophone Africa
• Feb. 2021: Series of Seminars for Universities of Central Asia
• Dec. 2020: UNODC and TISS Conference on Access to Justice to End Violence
• Nov. 2020: Expert Workshop for University Lecturers and Trainers from the Commonwealth of Independent States
• Oct. 2020: E4J Webinar Series: Youth Empowerment through Education for Justice
• Interview: How to use E4J's tool in teaching on TIP and SOM
• E4J-Open University Online Training-of-Trainers Course
• Teaching Integrity and Ethics Modules: Survey Results
• Grants Programmes
• E4J MUN Resource Guide
• Library of Resources

Module 10: Privacy and Data Protection

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E4J University Module Series: Cybercrime

Introduction and learning outcomes.

• Privacy: what it is and why it is important
• Privacy and security
• Cybercrime that compromises privacy
• Data protection legislation
• Data breach notification laws
• Enforcement of privacy and data protection laws

Possible class structure

Core reading, advanced reading, student assessment, additional teaching tools.

• First published in March 2019 , updated in February 2020

  This module is a resource for lecturers  

Data plays an integral role in the commission of many cybercrimes and vulnerabilities to cybercrime. Even though data provides users of it (individuals, private companies, organizations, and governments) with innumerable opportunities, these benefits can be (and have been) exploited by some for criminal purposes. Specifically, data collection, storage, analysis, and sharing both enables many cybercrimes and the vast collection, storage, use, and distribution of data without users' informed consent and choice and necessary legal and security protections. What is more, data aggregation, analysis, and transfer occur at scales that governments and organizations are unprepared for, creating a slew of cybersecurity risks. Privacy, data protection, and security of systems, networks, and data are interdependent. In view of that, to protect against cybercrime, security measures are needed that are designed to protect data and user's privacy.

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Cyber Bullying Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on cyber bullying.

Cyber Bullying Essay: In today’s world which has been made smaller by technology, new age problems have been born. No doubt technology has a lot of benefits; however, it also comes with a negative side. It has given birth to cyberbullying. To put it simply, cyberbullying refers to the misuse of information technology with the intention to harass others.

Subsequently, cyberbullying comes in various forms. It doesn’t necessarily mean hacking someone’s profiles or posing to be someone else. It also includes posting negative comments about somebody or spreading rumors to defame someone. As everyone is caught up on the social network, it makes it very easy for anyone to misuse this access.

In other words, cyberbullying has become very common nowadays. It includes actions to manipulate, harass and defame any person. These hostile actions are seriously damaging and can affect anyone easily and gravely. They take place on social media, public forums, and other online information websites. A cyberbully is not necessarily a stranger; it may also be someone you know.

Cyber Bullying is Dangerous

Cyberbullying is a multi-faced issue. However, the intention of this activity is one and the same. To hurt people and bring them harm. Cyberbullying is not a light matter. It needs to be taken seriously as it does have a lot of dangerous effects on the victim.

Moreover, it disturbs the peace of mind of a person. Many people are known to experience depression after they are cyberbullied. In addition, they indulge in self-harm. All the derogatory comments made about them makes them feel inferior.

It also results in a lot of insecurities and complexes. The victim which suffers cyberbullying in the form of harassing starts having self-doubt. When someone points at your insecurities, they only tend to enhance. Similarly, the victims worry and lose their inner peace.

Other than that, cyberbullying also tarnishes the image of a person. It hampers their reputation with the false rumors spread about them. Everything on social media spreads like wildfire. Moreover, people often question the credibility. Thus,  one false rumor destroys people’s lives.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

How to Prevent Cyber Bullying?

Cyberbullying prevention is the need of the hour. It needs to be monitored and put an end to. There are various ways to tackle cyberbullying. We can implement them at individual levels as well as authoritative levels.

Firstly, always teach your children to never share personal information online. For instance, if you list your home address or phone number there, it will make you a potential target of cyberbullying easily.

Secondly, avoid posting explicit photos of yourself online. Also, never discuss personal matters on social media. In other words, keep the information limited within your group of friends and family. Most importantly, never ever share your internet password and account details with anyone. Keep all this information to yourself alone. Be alert and do not click on mysterious links, they may be scams. In addition, teach your kids about cyberbullying and make them aware of what’s wrong and right.

In conclusion, awareness is the key to prevent online harassment. We should make the children aware from an early age so they are always cautious. Moreover, parents must monitor their children’s online activities and limit their usage. Most importantly, cyberbullying must be reported instantly without delay. This can prevent further incidents from taking place.

FAQs on Cyber Bullying

Q.1 Why is Cyberbullying dangerous?

A.1 Cyberbullying affects the mental peace of a person. It takes a toll on their mental health. Moreover, it tarnishes the reputation of an individual.

Q.2 How to prevent cyberbullying?

A.2 We may prevent cyberbullying by limiting the information we share online. In addition, we must make children aware of the forms of cyberbullying and its consequences.

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Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Cyber Bullying — The Problem, Solution, and Long-Term Effects of Cyber Bullying on Children

Cyberbullying: Problem and Solution for Children

• Categories: Bullying Cyber Bullying

About this sample

Words: 1614 |

Published: Jan 15, 2019

Words: 1614 | Pages: 4 | 9 min read

Table of contents

Introduction, cyber bullying, solution for cyberbullying: what should be done, effects of cyber bullying.

• Snakenborg, J., Van Acker, R., & Gable, R. A. (2011). Cyberbullying: Prevention and intervention to protect our children and youth. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 55(2), 88-95. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1045988X.2011.539454)
• Zhu, C., Huang, S., Evans, R., & Zhang, W. (2021). Cyberbullying among adolescents and children: A comprehensive review of the global situation, risk factors, and preventive measures. Frontiers in public health, 9, 634909. (https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2021.634909/full)
• Christian Elledge, L., Williford, A., Boulton, A. J., DePaolis, K. J., Little, T. D., & Salmivalli, C. (2013). Individual and contextual predictors of cyberbullying: The influence of children’s provictim attitudes and teachers’ ability to intervene. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42, 698-710 (https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10964-013-9920-x)
• Von Marées, N., & Petermann, F. (2012). Cyberbullying: An increasing challenge for schools. School psychology international, 33(5), 467-476. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0143034312445241)
• Chisholm, J. F. (2014). Review of the status of cyberbullying and cyberbullying prevention. Journal of information systems education, 25(1), 77. (https://jise.org/Volume25/n1/JISEv25n1p77.html)

Should follow an “upside down” triangle format, meaning, the writer should start off broad and introduce the text and author or topic being discussed, and then get more specific to the thesis statement.

Provides a foundational overview, outlining the historical context and introducing key information that will be further explored in the essay, setting the stage for the argument to follow.

Cornerstone of the essay, presenting the central argument that will be elaborated upon and supported with evidence and analysis throughout the rest of the paper.

The topic sentence serves as the main point or focus of a paragraph in an essay, summarizing the key idea that will be discussed in that paragraph.

The body of each paragraph builds an argument in support of the topic sentence, citing information from sources as evidence.

After each piece of evidence is provided, the author should explain HOW and WHY the evidence supports the claim.

Should follow a right side up triangle format, meaning, specifics should be mentioned first such as restating the thesis, and then get more broad about the topic at hand. Lastly, leave the reader with something to think about and ponder once they are done reading.

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