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149 Capstone Project Ideas & Examples – 2024

June 6, 2024

The word “capstone” originally referred to the decorative, final piece of masonry that would be affixed to the top of a new building. But in terms of schooling, what is a capstone project? Academically, “capstone” is a fitting metaphor, as a capstone project serves as a culminating, crowning illustration of your scholarly work. The capstone project synthesizes the learning you have done in various fields, demonstrates your level of expertise in your specific area of study, and often marks the end or milestone moment of a current study path. In short, it’s a big achievement! In this article, we’ve outlined a few tips for cultivating your perfect capstone thesis and have included a list of capstone project ideas to get you started.

General Capstone Writing Tips

As you select a topic for your capstone project, be sure to consider the following criteria:

Personal Interest . A capstone project is meant to be the culmination of or milestone representing your specific path of study; as such, it should be a project that actually interests you! Perhaps you’ve already been working on a passion project or long-term scholarly paper on a topic that excites you. Or maybe you’ve heard about a specific branch of inquiry within your field that you find compelling and want to explore further. Whether you’re new to a specific capstone subject or have been working on it for a while, it’s important to know that your actual interest in a subject can increase your productivity and learning. [i]

Existing Research . For any new piece of scholarship, it’s crucial to thoroughly understand and acknowledge the current knowledge and findings that exist around your thesis. As an advancing practitioner in your field of study or profession, you should already have a sense of what other scholars and experts have said about your capstone project idea, but this is a moment to fully explore: Who are the major players in this professional or scholarly conversation? What are the most important pieces of research that ground this field of study? What recent innovations have been made in this topic?

Stakes . If you’ve ever been involved in a debate or had to write a persuasive speech , you know that an important question to answer is: “So what?” Why is this capstone project idea important? What will be affected if the ideas in your capstone do or do not come to pass? What exactly is at stake here?

Examples Continued

Stakeholders . The stakeholders of a capstone are those who will be affected by the information in your project. Perhaps you’ve already engaged in community service and have seen a gap that can be filled by your particular area of expertise. Maybe you are one of the stakeholders in your research. In every capstone project, your readers should know who will be most important to your work.

Identify a gap or problem . If you’ve done your research properly, then you now know what current holes or gaps exist in your field. Make sure you frame your capstone so that your audience is aware of the work that needs to be done.

Fill the gap . This is your moment to shine! What is your specific hypothesis? What kind of research will you conduct to prove it? Specifically, how is your work contributing to this field of study? To this profession?

Feasibility and Scope . The last question you need to ask yourself is: Can I actually do this project? Do you have the time and resources to complete the work you’re proposing? Is your capstone actually doable? If you find that your project seems too big, don’t despair! Many capstone project ideas can be narrowed down for specificity and feasibility. Take a look at the example below:

Very broad:

“What are some recent developments in women’s health research?”

More specific and feasible:

“What are the most current findings on early diagnostic testing and maternal health outcomes amongst American women?”

Capstone Project Examples

Below, we’ve listed 150 capstone project examples in various fields. Think of all of these focus questions and ideas as jumping-off points. Some are very broad, while others are much more specific. Your capstone project will most likely fall under the “specific” category (see “feasibility and scope” above), but broader topics and focus questions can get you started down the path of your own particular branch of research.

Computer Science Capstone Project Ideas

1) In what ways does social media influence current developments in information systems and marketing?

2) What recent developments have we seen in natural language processing? What innovations do we hope to see?

3) How is cybersecurity an essential consideration in political and public policy?

4) What is the potential for virtual reality within the fields of mental healthcare and / or physical rehabilitation?

5) How can cybersecurity better function in the healthcare industry?

6) What are current and developing applications for machine learning algorithms?

7) How can we develop more secure data encryption?

8) What are the current needs for development in image processing and design?

9) How does artificial intelligence promise to elevate, innovate, revolutionize, or render obsolete various fields and / or methodologies inside and outside of computer science?

10) What current developments exist in the field of neural networks?

11) In what ways can we develop more efficient data encryption algorithms?

12) What specific roles does computer science play in national defense?

13) Exploring automated testing systems.

14) In what ways have smartphone interfaces changed human behavior? Can we predict future changes?

15) What recent innovations have we seen in cloud computing and what changes can we expect to see in this field?

16) How can we improve specific algorithms that conduct market-based analysis?

17) What are the current most important ethical questions surrounding big data and information systems?

18) What are the current expectations around the development and use of cryptocurrency?

19) What specific relationships exist between national policy and internet censorship?

20) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of computer science that specifically interests you !)

Nursing and Medical Capstone Project Ideas

21) What roles might nurses have in administering pain management and anesthesia?

22) In what ways can we address the country’s nursing shortage?

23) In what ways is the field of nursing expected to change in the near future?

24) What innovations can be made in continuing education for nurses?

25) In what ways can nurse practitioners and PAs function more effectively in primary care and specialty settings?

26) Going forward, what roles can nurses play in mobile health and telemedicine?

27) How can clinical settings improve their mental and emotional health outreach for employees?

28) In what ways do nurses and PAs function in specific research roles (e.g. cancer research)?

29) Development of cultural sensitivity training and eliminating health equity disparities in the nursing field.

30) Recent developments in women’s health initiatives and research.

31) In what ways can communication efficacy be addressed in clinical settings?

32) What is the relationship between medical care and specific public policies?

33) Nursing, management, and leadership roles.

34) In what ways can technology improve nursing and healthcare initiatives?

35) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of medicine or scientific inquiry that specifically interests you !)

Humanities and Arts Capstone Project Ideas

36) How does art function in the political and public spheres?

37) What specific developments have we seen in the field of graphic design in the past decade?

38) Analyzing the relationships between marketing, commercial viability and contemporary literature.

39) In what ways do the humanities function in ecocriticism and the Anthropocene?

40) Social media and communication.

41) What are some recent examples of the relationship between popular culture and political propaganda?

42) Current distinctions between pop culture, avant-garde, and highbrow literature and art.

43) What is the role of philosophy in current public debate?

44) In what ways do / have the humanities function(ed) within and / or outside of the public sphere?

45) What is the role of the digital humanities in ancient / early modern / modern history?

46) What recent developments have we seen in the fields of women’s and gender studies?

47) How has a globalized media culture impacted our views on cultural exchange / postcolonialism / hegemonic power structures?

48) In what ways have sustainability initiatives become an essential part of art, theatre, fashion, film, and literary production?

49) Race, class, gender and / or sexuality, and recent developments in the construction of personal identity.

50) How does appropriation function in the realm of cultural production?

51) What is the current role of cinema in public and political culture?

52) Creativity and new genres in the wake of social media, artificial intelligence and monoculture.

53) How can / do museums and public spaces function as sites of cultural production?

54) In what ways has artificial intelligence begun to shape the arts and humanities?

55) Recent innovations and gaps in ____________. (Have you already done some research on a particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of humanities research that specifically interests you!)

Engineering Capstone Project Ideas

56) What is the role of engineering in specific manufacturing practices?

57) In what ways are environmental and sustainable efforts transforming various industries (transportation, manufacturing, public use, energy, etc.)?

58) How does artificial intelligence promise to function in various engineering fields?

59) What are the functions of drones in supply chains?

60) How does engineering specifically function in the production and management of public health (water purification and distribution, waste management, etc.)?

61) What recent innovations have we seen in the fields of engineering and defense?

62) Assessing the feasibility of solar power, wind power, etc.

63) In what ways can engineering facilitate specific infrastructure innovations in public spaces?

64) What does the privatization of the aerospace industry demonstrate about the relationship between public and commercial scientific research?

65) In what ways does current engineering promise to disrupt fields like the automotive, manufacturing, aerospace, etc. industries?

66) Examining various uses of 3D printing.

67) What are some recent innovations in electric, geothermal and/ or nuclear energy?

68) What is the current relationship between extraction engineering and the public sphere?

69) How does the field of robotics function in medicine and public health?

70) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of engineering or scientific inquiry that specifically interests you !)

Education Capstone Project Ideas

71) How do charter schools currently function in the education system?

72) What current pathways exist for continuing education in the teaching field?

73) What roles does artificial intelligence play in the future of education?

74) Disciplinary practices and education for early childhood, middle school, high school, etc.

75) Addressing income and resource disparities between public school districts.

76) In what ways does gender currently function in STEM education?

77) In what ways can mental health initiatives more thoroughly benefit students, staff, and educators?

78) In what ways is parental involvement a factor in current curriculum models?

79) What are the advantages and disadvantages of various modes of virtual learning, technology in the classroom, asynchronous learning, e-learning, etc.?

80) How can we address the current teacher shortage?

81) What are the current relationships between politics, public policy, school funding and curriculum development?

82) What recent innovations have we seen in outdoor learning, Montessori schooling, forest schools, eco-education, etc.?

82) How can schools facilitate better curricula and funding for special needs programs?

83) What is the current role of the arts in public education? In private education?

84) What is the relationship between public policy and homeschooling?

85) In what ways do race and class currently function in specific conversations around education?

86) What are current concerns and developments in the practices of school safety?

87) What developments are currently underway in curricula involving interdisciplinary and project-based learning?

88) What benefits and drawbacks currently exist in extracurricular programs and initiatives for students of various age groups?

89) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of education or curriculum planning that specifically interests you !)

Biology Capstone Project Ideas

90) What are some recent developments in the ethics of stem cell research and cloning?

91) How has public disease testing changed since the pandemic?

92) What is the role of the biologist in mining, extraction, and geoengineering?

93) What recent innovations have been made in pesticide production, distribution, and wider use?

94) How can biology serve manufacturing industries to prevent contamination and supply chain stalling?

95) How do specific ecosystems currently function in regard to climate change? What changes are predicted to these ecosystems in the next decade and why?

96) In what ways are biologists’ roles evolving in the development of biomechanical medical devices?

97) What roles do biologists play in understandings of human reproduction and DNA?

98) How are pharmaceutical and recreational drugs currently understood and classified?

99) What recent biological innovations have been made in the production of food? What developments do we foresee in this branch of biology?

100) In what ways are biological systems affected by various forms of energy extraction and consumption (electrical power, gas, wind and solar power, etc.)?

101) How does A.I. promise to affect the roles of biologists in various fields?

102) What current biological threats do we face in terms of biological warfare? How are biologists crucial players in national defense?

103) Explore a relationship between the biochemical signatures of the body and mental wellness / illness.

104) In what specific ways is the organic movement both a biological consideration and a marketing strategy?

105) How do biologists play significant roles in the prevention of spreading infectious diseases?

106) What are the relationships between human population growth or decline and natural ecosystems?

107) How is marine life affected by human activity (recent understandings and developments)?

108) How do biologists function in public and political conversations around sustainability?

109) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of biology that specifically interests you !)

Psychology Capstone Project Ideas

110) What recent developments have been made in research around specific social media platforms and mental health?

111) What roles did the pandemic play in social and mental health amongst particular age groups?

112) How are recent developments in digital communication (“ghosting,” “swiping,” “liking”) indicative of disordered psychological behaviors?

113) Considering particular contexts like time and place, explore the relationships between psychological wellness and gender.

114) Investigate stress reduction efficacy amongst particular populations.

115) What is the role of mental health awareness in policies and conversations around public health?

116) What role does psychology play in pain management?

117) In what ways are clinical psychologists and therapists uniquely poised to conduct empirical research?

118) What recent developments exist in research around various types of trauma?

119) What daily interventions need to be explored in the reduction of anxiety and sleep disorders?

120) What is the developing role of telemedicine and online mental healthcare?

121) In what ways are particular prescription drugs more or less effective when paired with traditional types of psychotherapy?

122) In what ways do companies utilize psychology in marketing and branding?

123) What is the role of the child psychologist in public schools?

124) In what ways can HR departments benefit from on-staff mental health workers?

125) Explore distinctions between child psychologists and early childhood educators.

126) What interventions can be made in the realm of public policy to lessen the social stigma of mental health disorders?

127) How can psychology be used to create more efficient workplaces?

128) In what ways can new technology like apps and AI be implemented in the ongoing care of mental health patients?

129) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of psychology that specifically interests you !)

Business and Accounting Capstone Project Ideas

130) What are the current impacts of globalization on business strategy?

131) How can organizations change communication practices?

132) What are the relationships between sales, brand perception, and social justice movements?

133) In what ways are women perceived and compensated in the finance field? How has this developed over the past decade? What developments remain to be seen?

134) What leadership training programs and strategies best serve managers?

135) Exploring sustainable business practices.

136) In what ways can company structure influence business innovation?

137) What are the current trends and best practices for inter-departmental conflict resolution within businesses?

138) Exploring effects of mergers and acquisitions for specific companies.

139) What is the specific role of HR in performance management amongst employees?

140) Recent explorations of forensic accounting in cases of embezzlement.

141) Perform a case study analysis of a particular taxation policy.

142) What are some important features of the ethics of non-profit accounting?

143) In what ways can we measure international accounting standards?

144) Due to the pandemic, how have budgeting and financial planning methods evolved in recent years?

145) What specific impacts can we predict in the accounting field as a result of AI and other advancing technologies?

146) Perform an analysis of marketing strategies that utilize social media.

147) How can companies maximize consumer engagement in saturated markets?

148 Which technologies and designs are most effective in brand management and dispersion?

149) Recent innovations and gaps in _________. (Have you already done some research on a very particular topic? This is your moment to delve more deeply into a branch of business or accounting that specifically interests you !)

Capstone Project Examples – Works Cited

[i] Kahu, Ella., Karen Nelson, Catherine Picton. “Student Interest as a Key Driver of Engagement for First Year Students.” Student Success. Volume 8, Issue 2, pp. 55-66. July 2017.

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Jamie Smith

For the past decade, Jamie has taught writing and English literature at several universities, including Boston College, the University of Pittsburgh, and Carnegie Mellon University. She earned a Ph.D. in English from Carnegie Mellon, where she currently teaches courses and conducts research on composition, public writing, and British literature.

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How to Write a Capstone Paper

March 21, 2024

Embarking on the journey to write a capstone paper can be a pinnacle achievement for students nearing the end of their academic programs. This comprehensive project showcases your cumulative knowledge and skills and prepares you for future scholarly or professional pursuits. In this guide, we will navigate the essential steps and strategies to craft a compelling capstone paper, from selecting a topic to formatting and citations. We aim to equip you with the knowledge to produce a well-researched and thoughtfully written paper that meets the highest standards of academic excellence.

What is a Capstone Paper?

A capstone paper is a multifaceted assignment that serves as a culminating academic and intellectual experience for students. Unlike a standard research paper, a capstone paper involves identifying a unique problem, issue, or question in your field and conducting thorough research to address it. This process includes synthesizing theory and practice, applying critical thinking, and engaging in extensive analysis to contribute meaningful insights to the subject area. Understanding the purpose and scope of a capstone paper is crucial as you embark on this academic endeavor.

A capstone paper demands high dedication and intellectual rigor, as it requires you to explore a specific topic comprehensively and reflect on its broader implications within your field. The structure and content of a capstone paper vary significantly by discipline. Still, its core aim remains constant: to push you to think critically, conduct independent research, and articulate your findings coherently and persuasively. This comprehensive project encourages you to identify and tackle complex problems, propose innovative solutions, and contribute new perspectives or findings to your study area. Through this process, a capstone paper facilitates the transition from student to scholar, providing a platform to refine and demonstrate your research, analytical, and writing skills in preparation for future academic or professional pursuits.

Choosing a Topic and Formulating a Research Question

Selecting an engaging and viable topic is the first step in writing a capstone paper. Your topic should spark your interest and have sufficient depth and complexity to warrant extensive research. Begin by exploring current trends, issues, and gaps in your field. Once you’ve identified a potential area, narrow your focus to a specific research question. This question should be clear, concise, and answerable within the scope of your capstone project.

After determining your broad area of interest, delve deeper into the literature to refine your topic further. Engage with recent studies, expert opinions, and theoretical frameworks to understand the nuances of your chosen field. This preliminary research will help you identify a gap or a unique perspective that your capstone paper could explore. Consider discussing your ideas with faculty members, mentors, or peers to get feedback and additional insights.

Your research question should reflect a gap in the existing literature and align with your academic and professional interests, motivating you to write a capstone paper and pursue the research diligently. It’s also essential to consider the feasibility of your research question – can it be researched within the time and resources available to you? Once you have a solid research question, it becomes the foundation upon which your entire capstone paper is built, guiding your research, analysis, and conclusions.

Conducting Initial Research and Gathering Resources

Initial research is pivotal for grounding your capstone paper in a strong knowledge base. Start by gathering scholarly articles, books, and credible online resources related to your topic. This phase is about building a foundation, understanding the current discourse, and identifying where your research can contribute new insights. Organize your findings systematically to facilitate easy access and reference throughout the writing process.

Utilize academic databases such as Google Scholar to locate peer-reviewed articles that provide depth and authority to your research. Online and physical libraries are invaluable for accessing books and journals that may not be freely available online. Additionally, consider exploring specialized databases related to your field for more targeted resources. Keeping detailed notes on your sources, including authors, titles, publication dates, and key findings, will help you cite these sources accurately and synthesize the existing literature with your original research. To manage this wealth of information, software tools can be incredibly useful for organizing your references and creating a personal library of research materials. This initial phase of research is crucial for framing your project, ensuring that you’re not duplicating existing work, and setting a direction for your capstone paper that is both innovative and grounded in academic rigor.

Creating an Outline

An outline is your roadmap, providing a structured framework for your capstone paper. It should include:

• Introduction: Introduce your study’s topic, research question, and significance.
• Background Information: Offer context and key concepts related to your research.
• Methodology: Describe your research design and approach to data collection and analysis.
• Findings: Present the data or insights gathered through your research.
• Analysis and Discussion: Interpret your findings, discussing their implications and how they contribute to the field.
• Conclusions and Recommendations: Summarize your research and suggest practical or theoretical implications.

Your outline serves as a blueprint, ensuring your capstone paper is coherent, logically organized, and comprehensive. Start with a broad overview in the introduction, setting the stage for your research by highlighting its importance and the gap it seeks to fill. The background section should delve deeper into the literature, providing a solid academic foundation and justifying your research question.

To write a capstone paper, in the methodology section, detail your data collection and analysis strategies, offering transparency and allowing readers to gauge the reliability of your findings. This section should be precise, explaining the choices you made and how they align with your research objectives.

Plan to present your results clearly and systematically when outlining the findings section. Depending on your research, this may include quantitative data, qualitative insights, or a combination of both. Charts, graphs, and tables can effectively illustrate your points.

In the analysis and discussion segment, you interpret your data, drawing connections between your findings and existing knowledge. Discuss the significance of your results and how they impact the understanding of your research question.

Finally, your conclusions and recommendations should wrap up your research and propose directions for future study or practical applications of your findings. This section reinforces the value of your work and its contribution to the field.

By carefully structuring your outline, you ensure each section flows into the next, creating a cohesive and persuasive capstone paper that addresses your research question thoroughly and convincingly.

Writing the Introduction and Background Information

Begin your introduction with a compelling statement or question that captures the reader’s attention, drawing them into the importance of your research topic. Clearly state your research question and briefly outline the objectives of your study, making it clear why this research is both necessary and timely. Highlight any unique aspects of your study and its potential contributions to the field.

The background information should build on the groundwork laid by your introduction, delving deeper into the existing literature and theoretical frameworks relevant to your topic. This section is where you map out the academic terrain, showing how your research fits within and responds to ongoing debates or gaps in the field. It should provide a comprehensive overview of the key studies and theories that have shaped your research area, offering insights into the evolution of thought and identifying where your work will make its mark.

The introduction and background sections should inform and intrigue, creating a narrative that makes your capstone paper a compelling addition to the scholarly conversation. This is your opportunity to argue the value of your research and to persuade your readers that what follows is worth their attention.

Developing a Clear and Concise Methodology

The methodology section should detail the procedures and techniques for gathering and analyzing data. Be precise and transparent in your description to write a capstone paper, allowing readers to understand how you arrived at your findings.

In developing your methodology, start by outlining the research design, whether it be experimental, correlational, qualitative, quantitative, or a mixed-methods approach. Clarify your rationale for choosing this design, linking it to the research question and objectives. Describe the setting and context of your study, the population and sample selection, and the criteria for inclusion or exclusion. It’s essential to detail the data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, observations, or archival research, and justify these choices based on their suitability for addressing your research questions.

Moreover, explain the procedures for data collection in a step-by-step manner, ensuring that your study can be replicated. This includes discussing instruments or tools employed, such as questionnaires or software, and their validity and reliability.

Analyzing and Interpreting Your Findings

In analyzing and interpreting your findings, it’s crucial to approach your data with a critical eye, evaluating its implications within the context of your research question and the wider body of academic literature. Begin by summarizing the key results, then examine what these results mean in relation to your study’s objectives. Use your analytical framework to dissect the data, identifying how it supports, contradicts, or expands upon existing theories and research.

Quantitative studies may involve statistical analysis, highlighting significant correlations or differences and discussing their relevance. For qualitative research, thematic analysis or narrative interpretations will be key, focusing on how the themes you’ve identified contribute to understanding the research problem.

Drawing Conclusions and Making Recommendations

Drawing conclusions and making recommendations are critical aspects of any research project, and they play a pivotal role in the final stages of your capstone paper. To effectively conclude your paper, it is essential to summarize your findings and discuss their broader implications concisely. By doing so, you can offer your readers a clear understanding of the significance of your research and how it contributes to the existing body of knowledge in your field.

In addition to summarizing your findings, reflecting on the methodologies and approaches used in your study is crucial. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your research design and data analysis methods. Address any unexpected challenges or limitations encountered during the research process, as this transparency can help guide future researchers in similar endeavors.

Formatting and Citations

Formatting and citations are essential to academic writing, demonstrating your commitment to scholarly integrity and precision. Choosing the correct academic style guide, whether it’s APA, MLA, Chicago, or any other specified by your program, is crucial to write a capstone paper and maintaining consistency and uniformity throughout your paper. By following the prescribed guidelines, you ensure that your document is visually cohesive and provides proper credit to your consulted sources.

Accurate and complete citations are paramount in academia. Each citation should include all necessary information for readers to locate the source you referenced. This typically includes the author(s)’ names, publication date, title, and publication information. Double-check your citations against the guidelines of your chosen style, and pay close attention to the punctuation, formatting, and capitalization rules to ensure correctness.

Writing a capstone paper is a significant academic endeavor that requires dedication, thorough research, and critical analysis. By following this guide, you’ll be well-equipped to produce a paper that fulfills academic requirements and contributes valuable insights to your field. Remember, a successful capstone paper is the result of strategic planning, meticulous research, and thoughtful writing. Embrace this opportunity to showcase your academic prowess and make a meaningful contribution to your discipline.

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How to Write a Capstone Project Outline Guide with Examples

Updated 13 Jun 2024

Embarking on a capstone project is a thrilling and pivotal moment in your academic journey. It culminates years of hard work, knowledge acquisition, and intellectual growth. 

The capstone project outline serves as your project's roadmap, guiding you through the research, analysis, and presentation of your findings. It brings clarity to your objectives, ensuring that you stay focused on the core purpose of your project. Moreover, it acts as a communication tool, enabling effective collaboration with your project advisor and providing a framework for valuable feedback and guidance.

Throughout this blog post, we will delve into the key components of a capstone project outline, offering insights into each section's purpose and the content they should contain. We will also discuss common mistakes to avoid, ensuring that your outline remains focused, comprehensive, and aligned with your project's objectives.

Why is creating a capstone project outline a good idea?

What is a capstone project in general? It is a final academic endeavor where students apply their knowledge and skills to tackle real-world issues or delve into specific areas of interest. To get the most out of it, you need to take some time and create an outline, as it holds significant importance. Here is why a capstone project outline is so important:

Organization and Structure.  It acts as a guide, helping you navigate the vast amount of information, research, and ideas you have gathered. By outlining the structure and flow of your project, you can ensure that your work remains focused and organized. It lets you break down your project into manageable sections, making the entire process more approachable.

Clarity of Objectives.  By clearly stating your research question or problem statement, you can maintain a clear focus and direction throughout your project. This clarity ensures that you stay on track and that every aspect of your work aligns with your intended purpose.

Communication and Feedback.  Think of the capstone project outline as a communication tool. It allows you to collaborate with your project advisor or supervisor effectively. Sharing your outline early on enables them to provide valuable feedback, ensuring that your project meets the academic requirements and aligns with the expected standards. Their guidance can help refine your ideas, suggest additional sources or methodologies, and prevent pitfalls.

Time Management.  You can effectively plan and prioritize your work by breaking down your project into smaller sections within allocated time frames. This approach helps you avoid the stress of last-minute rushing and ensures a more balanced and systematic project progression.

Evaluation and Assessment.  It acts as a reference point for both yourself and your evaluator to gauge the progress and development of your work. It allows you to cover all the aspects of your project and meet the required standards.

Capstone project outline in a nutshell 

While writing a capstone paper outline, there are several key components to include:

• Introduction: Begin your outline with an introduction that provides an overview of the project. State the problem statement or research question you aim to address and explain why the topic is so important. 
• Objectives: Clearly define the objectives of your capstone project. What specific outcomes or goals do you intend to achieve? List them concisely and ensure they align with the project's overall purpose.
• Literature Review: Include a section dedicated to the literature review in your outline. Outline the main theories, concepts, and prior research relevant to your topic. This section should demonstrate your understanding of the existing knowledge in the field.
• Methodology: Describe the methodology you will employ to answer your research question or solve the problem. Outline the data collection methods, analysis techniques, and any other relevant procedures you will use.
• Results and Analysis: Outline how you will present and analyze the data or information you have collected. Specify the techniques, tools, or models you will utilize to interpret the results and draw meaningful conclusions.
• Discussion: Dedicate a section to discussing your findings about your research objectives. Analyze the implications, limitations, and potential applications of your results. Engage in critical thinking and consider alternative perspectives.
• Conclusion: Summarize the main findings and conclusions of your capstone project. Highlight the significance of your work and its contribution to the field. Emphasize any recommendations or future research directions that emerge from your study.
• References: Include a list of the sources you have cited throughout your outline. Follow a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA) and ensure the accuracy and completeness of the references.

Remember, this outline is a flexible framework that will guide you as you write your capstone project. It provides a structure to help you stay focused and organized throughout the process. Adapt it based on your specific project's requirements and your advisor's guidance.

Creating a capstone project outline 

Many students have questions about how to write a capstone project outline. Here's a step-by-step guide to help you through the process:

Step 1: Understand what you’re asked to write 

Start by thoroughly understanding the requirements and guidelines provided by your institution or capstone project supervisor. Familiarize yourself with the expectations, formatting guidelines, and any specific elements they want you to include in the outline. 

💡 Extra tip: Pay close attention to any sections or subsections that must be included. Understanding the requirements from the outset will help you structure your outline effectively.

Step 2: Determine the Key Sections

Identify the main sections that must be included in your capstone project outline. Common sections typically involve an introduction, literature review, methodology, results and analysis, discussion, and conclusion. However, this may vary depending on your field and project requirements.

💡 Extra tip: You can start by researching examples of capstone project outlines within your field to understand the typical sections included. Adapt and customize them to fit the specific needs of your project. 

Step 3: Craft precise section headings

Create clear and concise headings for each section of your outline. These headings should accurately reflect the content and purpose of each section.

💡 Extra tip:  Use clear and descriptive language in your headings to provide a snapshot of each section's cover. It will make it easier for you and others to navigate through the outline.

Step 4: Break down each section

Break down each section into subsections or bullet points to further detail the content you plan to include. This step helps you organize your thoughts and ensures comprehensive project coverage.

💡 Extra tip: Prioritize logical flow and coherence when breaking down each section. Arrange the subsections to enhance the understanding of your project's progression and argument.

Step 5: Provide brief descriptions or key points

Under each sub-section, include brief descriptions or key points that outline the main ideas or arguments you intend to present. These descriptions serve as a roadmap for your writing process.

💡 Extra tip:  Be concise and specific when outlining key points. Aim for clarity and avoid being overly general or vague. These descriptions will guide your writing and ensure that you address all necessary aspects of your project.

Step 6: Consider the Order and Hierarchy

Consider the order and hierarchy of your sub-sections to create a logical and coherent structure. Ensure that the sections flow smoothly and build upon one another.

💡 Extra tip: Consider the most logical progression of ideas and arguments. Arrange your sub-sections to strengthen the overall coherence and readability of your project.

Step 7: Go over your paper one more time 

Review and make necessary revisions to your paper. Check for clarity, completeness, and coherence. Ensure that your outline reflects the scope and depth of your project.

💡 Extra tip:  Seek feedback from your capstone project supervisor, peers, or mentors. Their perspectives can provide valuable insights and help you refine your outline. Be open to making adjustments based on their suggestions.

Step 8: Finalize and follow the outline

Once you are satisfied with your work, finalize it and use it as a guide throughout your project. Follow the structure and content outlined in your outline while conducting research, collecting data, and writing.

💡 Extra tip: Regularly refer to your outline as your project progresses. It will help you stay focused and cover all the necessary aspects outlined in your plan.

Writing a capstone project outline may initially seem overwhelming, but following these steps and incorporating the insights provided can create a well-structured and comprehensive paper. Remember, the outline serves as the foundation for your project, guiding your research and writing process. Take your time, seek guidance when needed, and approach each step with intention and focus. If you just start working on your project, you can gather education сapstone project ideas , which will help you in kicking off an outline. 

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Capstone project outline example & formatting tips 

Your job is to maintain consistency, clarity, and readability. Here are some guidelines on how to format your capstone project outline:

Use a consistent heading hierarchy.  Start with the main title of your capstone project at the top of the page, followed by section headings in a hierarchical format. Use different levels of headings (e.g., Heading 1, Heading 2, Heading 3) to indicate your outline's main sections and subsections.

Do not neglect bullet points or numbering.  Use bullet points or numbering to list the key points or ideas you plan to include within each section and subsection. 

Indentation and spacing.  Use indentation to distinguish between different levels of headings and subheadings visually. It helps to create a clear hierarchy and improves readability. Maintain consistent spacing between sections and subsections for clarity and visual separation.

Formatting style

Use a consistent formatting style throughout your outline. It includes font type, font size, and alignment. Times New Roman or Arial, font size 12, are commonly used for academic documents. Align your text to the left for a professional and clean look.

Here's a general sample of a formatted capstone project outline:

• Introduction
• Background and context
• Problem statement
• Research objectives
• Literature Review
• Key theories and concepts
• Previous research findings
• Gaps in existing knowledge

III. Methodology

• Research design
• Data collection methods
• Data analysis techniques
• Results and Analysis
• Presentation of data
• Data analysis and interpretation
• Discussion of findings
• Implications of findings
• Limitations of the study
• Recommendations for further research
• Summary of main findings
• Contribution to the field
• Final remarks

VII. References

(Include a list of cited sources in the chosen citation style)

Common pitfalls to avoid 

• Avoid using vague or ambiguous language that might lead to confusion regarding the content or objectives of your project.
• Don't overlook the importance of a comprehensive literature review. Avoid a shallow or limited exploration of existing research and theories. Strive to include relevant and up-to-date sources that support your project's objectives.
• Ensure that your outline demonstrates a logical flow of ideas and information and has a connection between different sections. Maintain a coherent narrative throughout your outline.
• While your outline should be concise, it should also provide enough detail to understand the content you plan to include clearly. Avoid being overly vague or omitting important supporting points.
• If you receive feedback or suggestions from your advisor or peers, take the time to consider and incorporate constructive input into your outline. It will help strengthen your project and address any potential issues early on.
• Don’t be afraid to ask for help. If you feel like dealing with the project too much, you can buy capstone project and benefit from the expert assistance. 
• Regularly refer back to your project's objectives and ensure that every section of your outline is aligned with these goals. Avoid including irrelevant or tangential information that does not contribute to the overall purpose of your project.
• Don't delay creating your outline until the last minute. Starting early allows you ample time to refine and revise your outline, seek feedback, and make necessary adjustments before diving into the actual project.

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Capstone Project Outline Essentials: A Step-by-Step Guide to Success

A capstone project is a multifaceted assignment that serves as a culminating academic and intellectual experience at the end of a student's educational program. Typically undertaken in the final year of study, especially in higher education, such as undergraduate or graduate programs, a capstone project integrates and applies the knowledge and skills acquired throughout the course of the program. It often involves comprehensive research, critical analysis, problem-solving, and the presentation of findings.

By definition, a capstone project outline is a structured plan or blueprint that lays out the framework for the entire capstone project. It serves as a guide, helping students organize their thoughts, plan their approach, and ensure that their project meets the required academic standards. The outline generally includes key components such as the introduction, background or literature review, outline methodology, data collection and analysis, findings, conclusions, and recommendations.

A capstone project outline provides a roadmap for students, helping them systematically organize their ideas, allocate resources, and execute their projects effectively. It ensures that the project is coherent, well-structured, and aligned with the academic objectives, making the entire capstone process more manageable and successful.

Why Do You Need a Capstone Project Outline?

Students benefit significantly from developing a capstone project outline as it is a foundational tool for project success. Firstly, a well-structured outline provides students with a clear roadmap, delineating the key components and milestones of their capstone project. This clarity of direction ensures that students can articulate their research questions, define objectives, and establish a systematic approach to their work. The outline acts as a strategic guide, helping students stay focused on the primary goals of their project and avoiding unnecessary detours. By organizing their thoughts at the outset, students enhance their ability to manage time effectively, allocate resources efficiently, and maintain a coherent narrative throughout the project's execution.

Secondly, a capstone project outline facilitates effective communication and collaboration. As students engage with faculty, peers, or industry professionals, a well-prepared outline becomes a shared reference point that enhances communication clarity. It enables students to convey their project's scope, methodology, and expected outcomes concisely, fostering constructive feedback and guidance. All in all, a well-written capstone outline is indispensable for students for several reasons:

• Provides a clear roadmap for project goals.
• Structured framework for logical information flow.
• Aids in planning and meeting project milestones.
• Ensures efforts align with defined objectives.
• Promotes thorough research and analysis.
• Helps allocate time and resources efficiently.
• Facilitates assessment against outlined criteria.

Moreover, an organized outline lays the groundwork for collaborative efforts, making it easier for team members to understand each other's contributions and ensuring a cohesive final project. Here are great capstone project ideas if you want to explore the topic further. 

Choosing the Citation Style for an Outline for Capstone Project

Each of the APA (American Psychological Association), MLA (Modern Language Association), and Chicago citation styles has its own guidelines for formatting references in an academic document, including a capstone project outline. Here's a brief explanation of each:

APA (American Psychological Association)

• In-text Citations: In APA style, in-text citations typically include the author's last name and the publication year. For example – (Smith, 2019).
• Reference Page: The full details of each source are listed on a separate references page at the end of the document. The reference entry includes the author's name, publication date, title of the work, and publication information.

MLA (Modern Language Association)

• In-text Citations: In MLA, in-text citations generally include the author's last name and the page number. For example: (Smith 45).
• Works Cited Page: All sources used in the capstone project are listed on the Works Cited page. The entry includes the author's name, work title, publication information, and the medium of publication.

Chicago Manual of Style

• Notes and Bibliography System: Chicago offers two citation styles. The Notes and Bibliography system uses footnotes or endnotes for in-text citations and a bibliography for the full reference details.
• Author-Date System: Alternatively, Chicago's Author-Date system includes parenthetical in-text citations and a corresponding reference list.

When creating a capstone project outline, you should be consistent in applying the chosen citation style throughout the document. Ensure that your in-text citations and reference page or bibliography conform to the specific rules of the style you are using. Always consult the latest edition of the respective style guide for detailed and accurate information on formatting citations in your capstone project outline.

Capstone Project Outline Writing Tips

Drawing up a capstone project outline is essential for ensuring clarity, organization, and smooth execution of your project’s outline. Here are eight steps to help you create an effective capstone project outline:

STEP 1 – Title and Introduction

Craft a title that not only encapsulates the essence of your project but also sparks interest. In the introduction, provide a backdrop to your project by explaining the context or problem you aim to address. Emphasize the significance of your work in the broader field and engage your readers with a compelling narrative leading to the core research question or objective.

💡 Extra tip: Consider using Roman numerals for major sections and letters or numbers for subsections to maintain a hierarchical structure in your outline.

STEP 2 – Background and Literature Review

Develop the background by delving into the evolution of the problem or topic under study. Offer a historical context that helps readers understand the progression of ideas. In the literature review, critically analyze existing research, highlighting key studies and methodologies. Articulate the gaps in current knowledge, showcasing how your project fits into this intellectual landscape.

💡 Extra tip: Review your program's guidelines and specific requirements for the capstone project outline to ensure alignment with academic expectations.

STEP 3 – Research Question or Hypothesis

Elaborate on the thought process behind your outline’s question or hypothesis. Explain why this particular inquiry is crucial and how it contributes to the overall understanding of the subject. Clearly articulate the scope and boundaries of your outline to guide readers in comprehending the focus of your investigation.

💡 Extra tip: Consider the feasibility and scope of your chosen topic, ensuring it is neither too broad nor too narrow for the scope of your capstone project.

STEP 4 – Methodology

Provide a detailed overview of your research design, explaining why it is the most suitable approach. Describe the rationale behind choosing specific methods and tools, emphasizing their appropriateness for your outline’s objectives. Detail the step-by-step process of data collection and analysis, ensuring transparency in your methodological choices.

💡 Extra tip: Justify your choice of research methods by explaining how they align with your outline’s questions and contribute to the overall objectives of your capstone project.

STEP 5 – Data Collection and Analysis

Go beyond a simple description of data collection methods. Explain the considerations behind selecting particular instruments or surveys. Discuss potential challenges and how you plan to address them. In the analysis section, outline the specific statistical or analytical techniques you will employ, justifying their relevance to extracting meaningful insights from your data.

💡 Extra tip: Clearly articulate the goals and objectives of your capstone project. Make sure they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

STEP 6 – Results and Findings

Present not only the anticipated results but also discuss potential variations or unexpected outcomes. Offer a preliminary interpretation of the findings, linking them back to the outline’s question. Discuss the reliability and validity of your results, acknowledging any limitations. This section provides a nuanced understanding of your project's outcomes.

💡 Extra tip: Include brief descriptions or bullet points under each subsection to provide a more detailed overview of the content you plan to cover.

STEP 7 – Discussion and Conclusion

In the discussion, delve deep into the implications of your findings. Relate them to existing literature, highlighting areas of agreement or divergence. Address any unexpected results and propose possible explanations. Conclude with a synthesis of key insights, summarizing the contributions of your project to the field. Offer suggestions for future research, demonstrating a forward-thinking perspective.

💡 Extra tip: When seeking feedback, provide specific questions or areas where you'd like input, such as clarity of objectives, appropriateness of outline’s methods, or potential gaps in your approach.

STEP 8 – References and Appendices

Create a meticulously formatted list of references following the prescribed citation style. Ensure consistency and accuracy in citing sources. In the appendices, include any supplementary materials that enhance the comprehensibility of your project, such as raw data, additional charts, or detailed methodological documentation. This step adds depth and credibility to your work.

💡 Extra tip: Schedule dedicated revision sessions, focusing on one or two sections at a time, to maintain a systematic and organized approach to refining your outline.

How to Make the Best of Your Capstone Project?

This is an important assignment, so you need the best help you can get – expert academic writers.

How to Format a Capstone Project Outline?

Ensure that you follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your institution or department. Additionally, consistency in font, spacing, and citation style is crucial for a professional presentation. Always check if your institution provides any specific requirements or templates for a capstone project outline.

• Title of the Capstone Project.
• Institutional affiliation.
• Briefly summarize your capstone project, including the problem statement, objectives, methodology, and key findings. Keep it concise, usually around 150-250 words.

Table of Contents

• List all the sections and subsections with corresponding page numbers.

Introduction

• Provide background information on the topic.
• State the problem or question.
• Clearly define the objectives of your capstone project.
• Justify the importance of the study.

Literature Review

• Review relevant literature and studies related to your topic.
• Identify gaps in existing research that your project aims to fill.
• Provide a synthesis of key findings and concepts.

Methodology

• Describe the outline design, data collection methods, and tools used.
• Explain the sampling technique and sample size.
• Discuss any limitations or constraints of the methodology.

Data Analysis

• Present the results of your research.
• Use tables, charts, graphs, or other visual aids to enhance clarity.
• Interpret the findings and relate them to your question.
• Analyze and interpret the results in the context of your question.
• Discuss the implications of your findings.
• Address any limitations and suggest areas for future research.
• Summarize the main findings and their significance.
• Restate the outline’s main question and how your project contributes to addressing it.

Recommendations

• Provide any recommendations based on your findings.
• Suggest practical applications or policy changes.
• List all the sources cited in your capstone project.
• Follow a specific citation style (APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.).
• Include any additional materials such as raw data, survey questionnaires, or supplementary information.

Capstone Project Outline Example

Here’s a great example of an outline for a capstone project that will give you a detailed understanding of how this assignment should look from a technical perspective.

• Title: "Exploring the Impact of Technology Integration on Student Learning Outcomes in High School Mathematics"
• Author: [Your Full Name]
• Institutional Affiliation: [Your University]
• Date: [Date of Submission]
• Briefly summarize the project, including the research problem, objectives, methodology, and key findings.
• Background: Discuss the increasing role of technology in education.
• Problem Statement: Highlight the need to understand the impact of technology on high school math learning outcomes.
• Objectives: Clearly define the goals of the study.
• Justification: Explain the importance of investigating this topic.
• Overview of technology integration in education.
• Review of studies on the impact of technology on student learning outcomes.
• Identification of gaps in the existing research.
• Research Design: Describe the research design as a quantitative study.
• Participants: Specify the high school and grade levels involved.
• Data Collection: Detail the use of surveys and standardized test scores.
• Limitations: Acknowledge any constraints, such as sample size limitations.
• Presentation of survey results and statistical analysis.
• Visualization of data through charts and graphs.
• Interpretation of findings in relation to the research question.
• Analysis of the impact of technology on high school math learning outcomes.
• Discussion of any unexpected findings.
• Implications of the results for education practitioners.
• Summary of main findings.
• Significance of the study.
• Reflection on how the project addressed the research question.
• Suggestions for integrating technology effectively in high school math classrooms.
• Areas for future research.
• List of all sources cited, following the APA citation style.
• Include survey questionnaires, raw data, and any additional materials.

Struggling with Your Capstone Project Outline?

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Do’s and Don’ts of Capstone Project Outline Writing 

Before writing your capstone project, one of the first things you should do is draw up an outline. Here are the most essential you should and should not do when producing this type of academic document. 

Clearly Define Your Objectives

• Clearly state the goals and objectives of your capstone project. Ensure they are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART).

Thorough Literature Review

• Conduct a comprehensive literature review to provide a strong theoretical foundation for your project. Include relevant frameworks, theories, and case studies.

Methodology Clarity

• Clearly outline the methodology you plan to use in your project. Explain the outline design, data collection methods, and any tools or frameworks you'll employ.

Realistic Implementation Plan

• Develop a realistic implementation plan with a clear timeline, milestones, and resource allocation. Ensure that your plan is feasible within the given time frame.

Metrics and Evaluation

• Clearly define key performance indicators (KPIs) and metrics for success. Explain how you will measure the effectiveness of your project.

Address Potential Challenges

• Anticipate and address potential challenges in your project. Provide mitigation strategies for handling obstacles that may arise during the implementation phase.

Consistent Formatting

• Maintain a consistent and professional formatting style throughout your outline. Use headings, subheadings, and bullet points for clarity and readability.

Relevance to the Field

• Ensure that your capstone project is relevant to the field of study and addresses a real-world problem. Clearly articulate the significance of your outline.

Clear Conclusion and Recommendations

• Summarize your findings, draw conclusions, and provide clear recommendations based on your outline. Discuss the implications of your work for future research or practice.

Thoroughly Cite References

• Properly cite all references, frameworks, theories, and literature used in your project. Follow the citation style specified by your academic institution.

Don'ts

Vague Objectives

• Avoid vague or overly broad objectives. Ensure that each objective is specific and directly contributes to the overall goal of your capstone project.

Incomplete Literature Review

• Don't neglect the literature review. Ensure that you cover relevant and up-to-date literature to provide a solid theoretical foundation for your project.

Ambiguous Methodology

• Avoid ambiguity in your methodology. Clearly describe the outline design, data collection methods, and any tools or techniques used in your project.

Overly Ambitious Implementation

• Don't set unrealistic goals or an overly ambitious implementation plan. Ensure that your project plan is achievable within the given constraints.

Lack of Evaluation Metrics

• Don't overlook the importance of defining clear evaluation metrics. Ensure that you have a systematic way to measure the success of your project.

Ignoring Potential Challenges

• Don't ignore potential challenges. Acknowledge and address potential obstacles in your project outline and provide realistic mitigation strategies.

Inconsistent Formatting

• Avoid inconsistent formatting in your outline. Maintain a professional and consistent style throughout the document for a polished appearance.

Irrelevant Content

• Avoid including content that is not directly relevant to your research objectives. Stay focused on the main goals of your capstone project.

Weak Conclusion

• Don't provide a weak or abrupt conclusion. Summarize your findings, draw meaningful conclusions, and clearly articulate the implications of your outline.
• Never engage in plagiarism. Ensure that you properly cite all sources and give credit to the original authors for their work. Plagiarism can have serious academic consequences.

If you don’t have time to work on such a complex paper, simply say, ‘ write my capstone project for me ,’ and we will do it for you, including the outline.

How to Write a Capstone Project like an Expert

This guide describes all the steps needed to create a capstone project, including choosing a topic, structuring the paper, and writing in a scholarly manner.

A capstone project is a research assignment that many students must complete as part of their undergraduate or master’s degree. It differs from other types of final papers such as a thesis or dissertation because it has a practical nature. Capstone projects call for a student to review a certain problem, often specific to the writer’s interests or experience, and conduct research to evaluate or resolve the detected issues. The goal of such assignments is to involve students in their future professional sphere (Weaver 2). Moreover, capstone projects assess how students use critical thinking skills and the knowledge they have acquired during a course.

Choosing a Topic

It is clear that your selection must be connected to your sphere of education. For example, if you are a medical student, your capstone project will likely be focused on health-care interventions. For future biologists and chemists, chosen topics will reflect their field of expertise. Nevertheless, these assignments can be made more personal as follows:

• Search for a topic that interests you. Selecting a theme that does not spark your interest can negatively affect your attention and the quality of your writing. You may neither be able to concentrate on your paper nor conduct in-depth research. Think about your experience, both educational and professional. Has there been a problem or issue that you noticed and wanted to solve? This capstone project may be your chance to do that.
• Consider the format of the assignment. What does your instructor ask you to include in the project? Anticipate the composition of the future paper and the various components it should contain. Do you have to conduct research, and do the results have to be measurable? Adjust your topic to reflect the instructions. Since in most cases students have to confirm the topic with their advisors before writing, you will be able to get some help if you are struggling to find suitable subject matter.
• Take into account the project’s length. Depending on the number of requested pages, you may need to broaden or narrow your topic. Try to estimate how much space each part of the project will take up, and choose a research area that has enough information.
• Research existing literature on the topic. If your topic is too narrow or too recent, you may not find enough academic literature to support your research. In contrast, if the topic is too broad, you may be overwhelmed by the amount of available information.

Capstone projects usually follow a specific structure:

• Abstract. Although it is located at the beginning of the written project, the abstract should be written last. It is a summary of the entire study; you can approach it as soon as you are sure that every other part is complete. Do not confuse the abstract with the introduction of the paper—abstracts contain enough information to interest the reader in the entire project. Thus, they must capture the essence and relay main concepts, hypotheses, research methods, and findings.
• Introduction. In this section, you will acquaint your readers with the topic you have selected. Sometimes, an introduction is split into multiple smaller categories such as “Purpose of the Paper” or “Research Questions,” but they can be located in this part since they present the topic. Here, you should introduce the issue and connect it to your sphere of academic knowledge or course. In addition, you may discuss why this research problem is significant. Next, list the formulated research questions or hypotheses that will guide the investigation. State the objectives that you wish to achieve with the help of this project. Finally, if it is required, include a thesis that succinctly describes the aims and beliefs of the capstone project.
• Literature Review. A review of the existing literature is a vital component of any research endeavor. Here, you will search for academic and other reliable sources that are connected to your topic. These articles, books, trials, and studies will be used as a foundation for the research. Sources can contain pertinent findings, discuss well-examined methodologies, present new ideas, and confirm or refute earlier findings. Document the results of your search and analyze them; look for gaps in knowledge. What themes are not explored well or missing altogether? What should or can be researched in more detail? You can attempt to fill in these gaps with your findings.
• Methodology. In this section of the project, you will talk about how your research is to be conducted.
• First, describe your research design; it can be qualitative, quantitative, or mixed (a combination of the two). Each type also has many subcategories. Choose one, and explain why it works the best for your topic.
• Next, state your independent and dependent variables if needed for your selected design. Independent variables are what you choose to investigate (for example, different training programs for employees). Dependent variables are affected by independent ones (for example, employee performance after training).
• Describe the sample for your project. Who are the participants, and how many of them are involved? What are the inclusion and exclusion criteria for research?
• List the materials and tools you used in conducting research. Here, you can introduce questionnaires, online tests, and other media created for this project.
• Write about the process of conducting research, discussing all the major elements of the procedure. What were the participants asked to perform? How were the results collected?
• Discuss how you analyzed the results, listing measurements, tests, and calculations. Explain why you chose each method, and support your selections with previous research.
• Results. This is a significant part of the project, where you show the results of the conducted research. Refrain from making any assumptions or conclusions here—state the results without interpretation. You can use graphs, tables, and images to illustrate findings. Remember to present data that will answer all the research questions and hypotheses you introduced earlier. Check the findings’ validity and significance if required by the chosen research style.
• Discussion. Here, you should analyze the revealed results—be critical and attentive. Try to find patterns or show correlations in the findings. Talk about the context. What does previous academic literature tell you about this study? Does it contradict or align with your findings? Think about the importance and implications of your results. Does this study add something new to the sphere of knowledge? Do not forget to consider the limitations of your project—what could make the research more reliable? Finally, introduce some questions for future research and encourage additional investigation.
• Conclusion. Some papers include a conclusion in addition to the discussion. Restate all major information from the study here, presenting it concisely. Do not propose any new ideas or data in this part. The function of a conclusion is to wrap up the project and talk about all important judgments.

Writing Process

In addition to adhering to the structure described above, you should also remember to pay attention to your writing process. Do not be afraid of making drafts before writing the final version; they will help you structure your arguments and findings. After completing the paper, be sure to proofread it as mistakes and inconsistencies can make the written project difficult to read, confusing, or even incorrect. If you think you need someone else’s opinion, ask for it—turn to your instructor, writing center, or other knowledgeable persons that will help you revise the text if necessary. Check all tables and graphs, and make sure that a reader can understand them as well as you do.

Capstone projects give students an opportunity to apply their knowledge in practice. They are designed around a narrow topic that investigates a real problem, using a specific structure that is followed in the majority of cases: an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion are essential elements of every capstone project. These assignments use a scholarly voice and require in-depth knowledge of previous scholarly literature. Like all academic papers, they need to be substantiated with evidence and be clear and unbiased. Lastly, proofreading is an important part of scholarly writing as well. This paper shows the writer’s level of preparedness after completing a course. Follow the provided guidelines and remember to be attentive—these rules should help you complete a high-quality capstone project.

Weaver, K. F., et al. “The Benefits of Peer Review and a Multisemester Capstone Writing Series on Inquiry and Analysis Skills in an Undergraduate Thesis.” CBE—Life Sciences Education, vol. 15, no. ar51, 2016, 1-9.

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10 of the Most Common Capstone Course Questions Answered

• Taking Courses

You already know what a Capstone course is.

You just have no idea what to do about it.

Many students get confused when it comes to the Capstone. Is it a research paper? Not exactly; it is much more than that. Although you are the researcher, the Capstone goes beyond the mere collection of information. Instead, you will demonstrate the skills learned in your undergraduate studies to solve a problem based upon certain assumptions related to your topic. That means you will conduct your own field research and collect primary source data to create a scholarly, academic project that supports an argumentative thesis statement or major question with new work and ideas.

In a nutshell: this is a course unlike any other you have taken.

Why? Because you will have a great deal of latitude over the direction and development of your project. Your mentor will serve as a facilitator, who will direct you toward your goal. At the end of the day, your project will allow you to follow your passion and create something that will add to the body of knowledge in your chosen field. All while exploring and applying your knowledge to something new.

Often, that amount of latitude can feel overwhelming. So, other than writing it for you, here are some common Capstone questions, answered:  

Question 1: When should I take the Capstone course?

Answer: If you have 9 credits or less remaining for graduation, have completed any research courses required in your area of study as well as your composition requirement. So if you still have 30 credits to complete, or haven’t finished the composition requirement, wait to register for the course.

Question 2: How do I know if I should take the Capstone as an online course (OL) or a Guided Study (GS)?

Answer: If you like interaction with classmates, you may prefer the online format. However, if you prefer to work independently, you may like Guided Study better. With the Guided Study format, you won’t be required to participate in online discussions. However, the online course format offers the benefit of peer feedback as well as an additional influence toward your final grade.  

Question 3: Can I take multiple courses during the same term I am registered to take the Capstone course?

Answer: Some students have found the pace of the Capstone course and an additional course to be manageable in the same term, while others have chosen to focus on the Capstone during any one particular term. To decide which course schedule is right for you, consider your personal and professional responsibilities. Will you have the extra time to commit to an additional workload? Can you manage two courses at once? Being honest with yourself about the answers will help guide your decision.

Question 4: I’ve already written a research paper in my area of study. How is the Capstone different?

Answer: This is anything but a typical research paper. Throughout your project, you will be an authentic researcher who explores and adds to the body of knowledge in your field of study. You are expected to present an ethically responsible, globally minded final project that will serve as a bridge to employment or future endeavors and prepare you for graduate-level study.

Question 5: Is there a lot of research involved in the Capstone or is it primarily writing?

Answer: Your Capstone project involves equal parts writing and research. For some degree programs, a Capstone may require a project and subsequent presentation; for others, it may include an assessment to test interdisciplinary skills. It may also involve a final research paper exploring a topic of interest, emerging from your individualized program of study. Your interests, academic field and area of study will influence the type of project you select and the direction you choose to go in.

Question 6: How do I accomplish my Capstone project?

Answer: You build your Capstone based on an inspiration for greater knowledge of certain subject matter, idea or concept. You research, collect, organize and produce an analysis of the information from both primary and secondary sources. The major part of this nonexperimental, qualitative study will involve field research through interaction with people who will be your study participants.

Question 7: How do I select a topic?

Answer: Select a topic you feel passionate about, something that has meaning to you either personally or professionally. You may also benefit from choosing one relevant to your work environment/field of experience. This will give you extra backup to be able to interpret and answer your research questions as well as use this project as part of your professional portfolio.

Question 8: What is involved in a Capstone project?

Answer: Your Capstone project consists of six modules including study assignments, discussion assignments and written activities. Study assignments consist primarily of readings in the course textbook(s) and in course documents and supplemental research. It also includes overarching major questions and subquestions to be answered. The major question should reflect the results of this entire endeavor and drive your subquestions, culminating in a strategic plan to answer your question or solve a problem.  

Question 9: Do I have to present my Capstone project?

Answer: This is not a requirement, although a PowerPoint presentation or a video presentation of your work to share with your mentor and classmates is appreciated.  

Question 10: What are some things I should keep in mind while developing my Capstone project?

Answer: Pay attention to the mechanics of your project, including grammar and punctuation as well as proper formatting, citations and author information consistent with academic, scholarly writing. Make sure your research does not stand alone, and that you have analyzed and explained how the research best supports your thesis argument and key points. Any error in either the organization or writing of your project detracts from the professionalism of your work.

Editor's Note: This article was originally published in August 2016 and has been updated for accuracy.

Written by Thomas Edison State University

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Argumentative Essays

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What is an argumentative essay?

The argumentative essay is a genre of writing that requires the student to investigate a topic; collect, generate, and evaluate evidence; and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner.

Please note : Some confusion may occur between the argumentative essay and the expository essay. These two genres are similar, but the argumentative essay differs from the expository essay in the amount of pre-writing (invention) and research involved. The argumentative essay is commonly assigned as a capstone or final project in first year writing or advanced composition courses and involves lengthy, detailed research. Expository essays involve less research and are shorter in length. Expository essays are often used for in-class writing exercises or tests, such as the GED or GRE.

Argumentative essay assignments generally call for extensive research of literature or previously published material. Argumentative assignments may also require empirical research where the student collects data through interviews, surveys, observations, or experiments. Detailed research allows the student to learn about the topic and to understand different points of view regarding the topic so that she/he may choose a position and support it with the evidence collected during research. Regardless of the amount or type of research involved, argumentative essays must establish a clear thesis and follow sound reasoning.

The structure of the argumentative essay is held together by the following.

• A clear, concise, and defined thesis statement that occurs in the first paragraph of the essay.

In the first paragraph of an argument essay, students should set the context by reviewing the topic in a general way. Next the author should explain why the topic is important ( exigence ) or why readers should care about the issue. Lastly, students should present the thesis statement. It is essential that this thesis statement be appropriately narrowed to follow the guidelines set forth in the assignment. If the student does not master this portion of the essay, it will be quite difficult to compose an effective or persuasive essay.

• Clear and logical transitions between the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Transitions are the mortar that holds the foundation of the essay together. Without logical progression of thought, the reader is unable to follow the essay’s argument, and the structure will collapse. Transitions should wrap up the idea from the previous section and introduce the idea that is to follow in the next section.

• Body paragraphs that include evidential support.

Each paragraph should be limited to the discussion of one general idea. This will allow for clarity and direction throughout the essay. In addition, such conciseness creates an ease of readability for one’s audience. It is important to note that each paragraph in the body of the essay must have some logical connection to the thesis statement in the opening paragraph. Some paragraphs will directly support the thesis statement with evidence collected during research. It is also important to explain how and why the evidence supports the thesis ( warrant ).

However, argumentative essays should also consider and explain differing points of view regarding the topic. Depending on the length of the assignment, students should dedicate one or two paragraphs of an argumentative essay to discussing conflicting opinions on the topic. Rather than explaining how these differing opinions are wrong outright, students should note how opinions that do not align with their thesis might not be well informed or how they might be out of date.

• Evidential support (whether factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal).

The argumentative essay requires well-researched, accurate, detailed, and current information to support the thesis statement and consider other points of view. Some factual, logical, statistical, or anecdotal evidence should support the thesis. However, students must consider multiple points of view when collecting evidence. As noted in the paragraph above, a successful and well-rounded argumentative essay will also discuss opinions not aligning with the thesis. It is unethical to exclude evidence that may not support the thesis. It is not the student’s job to point out how other positions are wrong outright, but rather to explain how other positions may not be well informed or up to date on the topic.

• A conclusion that does not simply restate the thesis, but readdresses it in light of the evidence provided.

It is at this point of the essay that students may begin to struggle. This is the portion of the essay that will leave the most immediate impression on the mind of the reader. Therefore, it must be effective and logical. Do not introduce any new information into the conclusion; rather, synthesize the information presented in the body of the essay. Restate why the topic is important, review the main points, and review your thesis. You may also want to include a short discussion of more research that should be completed in light of your work.

A complete argument

Perhaps it is helpful to think of an essay in terms of a conversation or debate with a classmate. If I were to discuss the cause of World War II and its current effect on those who lived through the tumultuous time, there would be a beginning, middle, and end to the conversation. In fact, if I were to end the argument in the middle of my second point, questions would arise concerning the current effects on those who lived through the conflict. Therefore, the argumentative essay must be complete, and logically so, leaving no doubt as to its intent or argument.

The five-paragraph essay

A common method for writing an argumentative essay is the five-paragraph approach. This is, however, by no means the only formula for writing such essays. If it sounds straightforward, that is because it is; in fact, the method consists of (a) an introductory paragraph (b) three evidentiary body paragraphs that may include discussion of opposing views and (c) a conclusion.

Longer argumentative essays

Complex issues and detailed research call for complex and detailed essays. Argumentative essays discussing a number of research sources or empirical research will most certainly be longer than five paragraphs. Authors may have to discuss the context surrounding the topic, sources of information and their credibility, as well as a number of different opinions on the issue before concluding the essay. Many of these factors will be determined by the assignment.

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Capstone Project Examples

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204 Capstone Project examples are found

My Coaching Philosophy, Capstone Project Example

Coaching Philosophy The school I am using is American Military University. My coaching philosophy would be thought of as one that expects a lot of his players and is willing [...]

Pages: 11

Words: 3049

African-American Women and HIV/AIDS, Capstone Project Example

The aggregate of Hillsborough, Florida—HIV-positive, African American women–is characterized by high poverty rates, lack of education, and the recurrence of various disease including sexually transmitted diseases, substance abuse, cardiac diseases, [...]

Pages: 6

Words: 1619

Girl Education in Africa, Capstone Project Example

Historically, women have been subject to significant equality when compared to men. As a consequence, women are conventionally seen as homemakers, and their worth is little compared to men, who [...]

Pages: 3

Words: 912

Caring for the Elderly, Capstone Project Example

Introduction The Mary Wade Home The Mary Wade Home is a five-star senior community that aims to provide personalized care. This assisted living facility and short term rehabilitation program is [...]

Pages: 28

Words: 7650

Therapeutic Solutions to Children Experiencing Domestic Violence, Capstone Project Example

Domestic violence refers to the violence committed by a person in the domestic circle of the victim. People who abuse others may include partners, ex-partners, immediate family members, other relatives, [...]

Pages: 12

Words: 3297

Unplanned Changes, Capstone Project Example

For the revision of budget and implementation plan, we have selected scenario A that is mandatory and scenario b. In scenario A, we will replace the firewall and a router [...]

Pages: 2

Words: 552

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What is a capstone project? And why is it important?

Stephanie Lukins

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Table of contents

• Introduction

1. It prepares you for the working world

2. it helps build your cv and help you stand out as a candidate , 3. it offers valuable practical experience – something many graduates do not have, 4. it hones on specific skills that are highly valued by employers.

Sponsored by York University

What is a capstone project?

The capstone project has become an integral part of the university degree curriculum. It can take many various forms, but its purpose remains the same. The capstone project is a unique opportunity to carry out independent group research in order to devise an innovative solution for a real-world problem. While a project of this scope and scale can be challenging, it can also be very rewarding.

The capstone project is usually the final assignment and plays a vital role in preparing students for the world of work thanks to its practical applications and ability to help hone students’ professional knowledge and skills.

At York University in Toronto, Canada, things are a little different. In 2019, the university revised the traditional capstone project and created C4: Cross-Campus Capstone Classroom . While it still possesses the fundamentals of the traditional capstone project, C4 is a new, year-long initiative that brings students together from various degree programmes to work in interdisciplinary teams with faculty and project partners on real-world challenges pitched by non-profit organisations, start-ups and businesses to create social impact. 

TopUniversities spoke to Megan Tran and Javeria Mirza, two students at York University, to find out about their capstone project and why they feel it has played an important role in not just their academic development, but their professional development as well.

What is the Purpose of a Capstone Project?

The capstone project is designed to consolidate final-year students’ learning with valuable hands-on experience to help develop them into well-prepared and well-rounded graduates.

Students work together in small groups to come up with innovative solutions for real-life problems, all while gaining valuable insights into the demands and responsibilities of the working world. This gives students a chance to bring their leadership and management skills alive and understand the consequences of their decisions in a ‘safe space’.

C4 gives students an insight into global affairs, international relations as well as social corporate responsibility and sustainability. 

Final-year bachelor’s in international studies student Megan and master’s in political science student Javeria were two of the eight interdisciplinary students, from the Faculty of Environmental Studies, the Lassonde School of Engineering, Glendon College, and the Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies at York University who worked together on the ‘Solar Floatie’ project.

“As a group, we were all interested in using technology and design-thinking for good. Our collective passion for social impact brought us together as a team. CooperLab at York University led by Professor Thomas Cooper was already spearheading the idea of an inflatable solar collector,” said Javeria.

“But how we went about developing the technology and what we wanted to use it for was up to us,” added Megan.

“ The Solar Floatie was born when the engineering side of the solar collector project was merged with the anthropology side and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) framework to propose a sustainable implementation model,” explained Javeria.

Undertaking a capstone project demonstrates to prospective employers that you’re more than just a potential candidate with the necessary academic qualifications. It shows your dedication to an issue which demands time and effort, as well as strict professionalism, work ethic and experience working in a practical, hands-on setting.

As a graduate, the reality of securing a job can be difficult as many roles demand practical experience. Many graduates are conceptually strong and suitable candidates, but a lack of applied knowledge in practical settings can make it challenging to demonstrate such experience and skills on their CV or in an interview.

The capstone project is a great solution and is something which both Megan and Javeria felt helped bridge that critical gap and has given them a competitive advantage as young professionals.

“It gave me an opportunity to learn outside a traditional academic setting and allowed me to explore my interest in sustainability and passion for social impact,” said Megan. “Since being a part of this project, I’ve been involved with a variety of organisations carrying out work that align with these passions.”

Javeria echoes Megan’s sentiments.

She said: “Bridging the lessons learnt during the capstone project such as the value of continuously learning, taking initiative, and working effectively with people from diverse disciplinary backgrounds has been invaluable in both my UN work and my graduate studies.”

The capstone project encompasses a real-life working culture which aims to instil a set of specific skills that are both highly valued by employers and will ultimately serve students well into their careers.

York University’s C4 focuses on the development of a wide range of skills, including creative, critical, and strategic thinking, effective communication, teamwork, problem solving and research analysis through diverse learning approaches and perspectives. Students deepen their sense of social and ethical responsibilities as they learn to mobilise their knowledge across disciplines and work effectively in interdisciplinary teams while engaging professionally with their peers and professors.

Lead image: Solar Floatie project team members work on assembling the solar energy collector, under Professor Thomas Cooper’s direction. Credit: York University

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As the former Head of Sponsored Content for TopUniversities.com and TopMBA.com, Stephanie created and published a wide range of articles for universities and business schools across the world. She attended the University of Portsmouth where she earned a BA in English Language and an MA in Communication and Applied Linguistics.

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The Difference between an Essay and a Capstone

You may write many essays in many different classes throughout your career as a student, sometimes you'll even write multiple essays for one class, but you will only write one capstone for each academic program. Since a capstone is meant to be your crowning achievement as a student, it will always come at the end of a program. You may want to save all those essays you write for reference on that capstone project.

What is an Essay?

An essay is a short, informative piece of writing that usually include an introduction, a body of three or more paragraphs, and a conclusion. Writing an essay requires structuring your thoughts on a certain topic and explaining them in a very focused way.

Essays can tell a story, describe a scene or event, present facts and arguments, and persuade readers. Deciding which type of essay to write on a chosen topic should be based on which type will most clearly and impactfully get the point of your essay across.

What is A Capstone?

A capstone can be a paper or another type of project. It is meant to be completed at the end of an academic program and requires that a student display all of the knowledge they have learned throughout a series of classes, sometimes with a broad range of disciplines.

What Topics Can I Write About?

In an essay, the topics to choose from are endless. Essays are written on historical figures, current events, fictional stories, and literary analysis. Each essay you write should have a specific focus and each point you make should relate to that focus.

A capstone paper or project may include knowledge learned in classes like history, math, and science, and many different topics are sometimes included. A capstone paper for a degree in American History may bring together all of the essays, exams, quizzes, and readings a student has done throughout the program into one final project.

Your capstone paper or project will usually take far more time to write than any essay you'll be assigned. If you know that a capstone paper will be required at the end of your senior year of high school or your college degree program, it's a good idea to save all of the work you do throughout that program so that you can use it in the same way you use any other research you compile when writing a paper or completing a class project.

Capstone: Information and Reflections

The capstone requirement in Religious Studies is fulfilled by the writing of either a Senior Essay or an Honors Thesis, which provides students with the opportunity to pursue independent research on a topic of interest under the direction of a Religious Studies faculty member. Two required courses support the successful completion of this senior project: RELIGST 297 (Senior Essay/Honors Thesis research) and RELIGST 298 (Senior Colloquium).

Students routinely find the research and writing of their capstone to be one of the most meaningful aspects of their intellectual journey. Working closely with a faculty mentor, students deepen their knowledge and skills by pursuing research into a topic of interest. Through regular meetings with the senior cohort throughout the year and in the Senior Colloquium, students share their findings and get feedback from their peers.

What's the difference?

SENIOR ESSAY

A 25- to 30-page essay on a topic chosen by the student and approved by the capstone advisor, who must be a regular member of the Department of Religious Studies faculty but not necessarily the student’s advisor for the RS major. Students develop a proposal and bibliography in close consultation with their capstone advisor and submit this proposal by the end of the third quarter prior to expected graduation (usually the end of autumn quarter, senior year). They spend two quarters researching, writing, and revising their essay in RELIGST 297 and RELIGST 298. The character and content of the essay, which is meant to allow the student to utilize knowledge and skills learned in the course of the major, may take several forms. For example, a student may return to a subject studied earlier but now pursued with more questions or from a new perspective, or research a recent or new topic of interest in the field, or offer a carefully framed critical assessment of what has been learned in the major based on a review of influential sources, theories, and methods of studying religion. The Senior Essay is read and graded by the student’s capstone advisor and one other member of the Religious Studies faculty assigned by the DUS.

HONORS THESIS

A 40- to 80-page research paper on a topic chosen by the student and approved by the capstone advisor, who must be a regular member of the Department of Religious Studies faculty but not necessarily the student’s advisor for the RS major. Students develop a proposal and bibliography in close consultation with their capstone advisor and submit this along with an application for honors by in the fourth quarter prior to expected graduation (usually, spring quarter, junior year). Applicants for honors must have a grade point average (GPA) of 3.5 in Religious Studies courses, and at least 3.2 overall, at the time of application. They must also already have demonstrated success in writing research papers. Students meeting these prerequisites are strongly encouraged to enroll in units of RELIGST 199 with a potential thesis advisor (who must be a regular member of the Religious Studies faculty) during spring quarter junior year to develop the proposal and gather other materials for the application, which is due on May 31. Students whose applications for honors are approved by the DUS and Director of senior capstone research then spend three quarters researching, writing, and revising their thesis in RELIGST 297 and RELIGST 298. The paper, supported by thorough acquaintance with the primary literature and secondary scholarship, advances a well-reasoned, supportable thesis. The Honors Thesis is read and graded by the student’s advisor and one other member of the Religious Studies faculty assigned by the DUS. Theses earning a grade of B+ or above receive honors.

For more information on the honors track, see the Honors tab in the menu.

Recent Capstone Projects

“Holy Unity: The Connection between Paul and Mark” (Honors Thesis, 2023)

“In Contrast with Your Delicate Form: Bodily Disruption as Defeminization in Christian and Buddhist Female Hagiography” (Honors Thesis, 2022)

“Paul and the Problem of the Universal: Daniel Boyarin’s A Radical Jew and the Question of Difference” (Honors Thesis, 2022)

“Searching for the True Nation of Israel: When Prophecy Becomes Genealogy” (Senior Essay, 2021)

“Queer Yiddishkeit and Radical Jewish Politics: Modern Yiddish Identity” (Honors Thesis, 2020)

What do our students say about their capstone project?

I received a grant to travel to my home town and write a thesis about religious released time learning in public schools. It was an amazing experience to write about something that so few people know about and something that had such an impact on my high school. I greatly enjoyed working with Professors Ari Kelman and Kathryn Gin Lum. Professor Kelman and I published my paper the year following my graduation.

In my thesis "'Finding That Right Place Where I Fit': Hybrid Identities of Young American Muslim Women," I explored what it means to be a young, American, Muslim woman, interviewing 11 women about their experiences with this identity. It helped me get a deep dive into one particular population that many people have stereotypes and assumptions about without actually understanding.

"Confronting Gender Exclusion in the Catholic Church with Iconography of the Virgin Mary" - With this essay I investigated how religions, even the most deeply rooted beliefs and traditions, are subject to their living visual culture.

I researched the aesthetics of a form of Khmer Buddhist chant ("Quaking and Clarity: Saṃvega and Pasāda in Cambodian Dharma Songs"). This project, begun the year before I arrived at Stanford, took five years to complete and was always in the back of my mind throughout the other classes I took.

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Capstone Essay Guidelines

A capstone essay is required in one of the three options within the Middle Eastern Studies major, Comparative Cultures. It is an option in the other degree options to fulfill graduation requirements. The essay is normally written during the student's senior year to gain experience in researching and writing a major paper.

First the student must find a faculty member to be the supervisor for the capstone essay. The supervisor must be a regular faculty member in MELC, a Teaching Professor with a Ph.D., or a faculty member with an adjunct appointment in MELC. The faculty page of the MELC website lists the possible supervisors. Ideally, a student should work with a professor whose classes the student has taken and whose area of research interests the student. Students should seek out faculty early (quarters ahead) to secure a supervisor and to begin talking about a direction for the essay.

Essay Topic

The essay topic must fall within the areas of research of the supervising professor. Completing supervised readings prior to the capstone essay quarter assists in narrowing and settling on a topic that is both of interest to the student and within the faculty supervisor's field of research.

The essay can be a new topic on which the student has never written, or it can be a topic inspired by a paper that the student has written for an earlier course. However, if developed from an earlier essay or research paper, the capstone essay must represent significant new work and development beyond the earlier product. A copy of any earlier paper that provided the inspiration for the capstone essay must be turned in with the capstone essay.

Preparatory Readings/Research

The student is strongly advised to enroll in MELC 490 (Supervised Study) or MELC 499 (Undergraduate Research) prior to writing the essay to best prepare to write the essay. These studies must be contracted with a faculty member as well.

During the quarter in which the essay will be written, the student will enroll in MELC 498 for 5 credits with the faculty supervisor. To enroll in the course, the student and supervisor must entirely fill out and sign a Capstone Essay Approval Form . Submit the completed PDF form to the MELC Program Coordinator at [email protected] . MELC staff will forward the student's information to Humanities Academic Services who will enter the registration for the appropriate credits.

The supervisor and student must agree in writing on:

• a topic and methodology to be followed when writing the essay
• a regular meeting schedule during the capstone essay quarter
• style format (MLA, Chicago, etc.)
• essay length
• the due date for the final version of the essay

The essay should be between 20-30 pages in length. However, the required length may vary based on whether research is completed in translation or from the original text. Students should check with their faculty supervisor. Students completing an Honors Thesis in place of the Capstone Essay will have higher requirements, as determined by the supervising professor.

The capstone essay must go through at least one rewriting. A first draft must be submitted to the faculty supervisor for comment and correction no later than three weeks before the agreed upon due date for the final version.

A PDF of the final version of the paper must be submitted to the MELC main office to be kept in the collection of capstone essays. Reference to authorship may be removed if requested.

Capstone Essay Approval Form

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Capstone Form and Style

Scholarly voice: commonly confused words for capstone writers, commonly confused words for capstone writers.

A key element of scholarly voice is a writer’s diction, or appropriate word choice. Diction is important because, as noted in the APA manual, academic writing should be as precise and clear as possible. A number of factors can contribute to incorrect word choice: misunderstood distinctions in meaning, similarities in spelling or pronunciation, and even typographical errors. The purpose of the following list is to help capstone writers see the distinctions between commonly confused words so that they can choose the word that is not only correct in terms of meaning, grammar, and spelling but also the clearest and most effective for a given situation.

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Does Your Student Need Research Help? Use Navigate’s Alerts!

Posted in: Homepage Features

Beginning Summer 2024, instructors can raise an ad-hoc alert for students who require research assistance. When instructors submit their Library: Research Support Needed alert, a librarian will reach out to each student personally to offer services. Correspondence can be monitored on the instructor’s Navigate homepage under “Alerts.”

For students unfamiliar with library resources, a librarian can help them with:

• An orientation to the library
• Orientations to discipline-specific library resources
• Locating and requesting sources

For students struggling to get started on their research assignment, a librarian can help them with:

• Developing, narrowing, or broadening their research topic
• Developing a search strategy (e.g., keywords for searching)
• Selecting appropriate databases for their research topic
• Identifying primary and secondary sources as well as peer-reviewed sources

For students in a research intensive or capstone class needing help organizing their sources, a librarian can help them:

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The Unique Burial of a Child of Early Scythian Time at the Cemetery of Saryg-Bulun (Tuva)

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Pages:  379-406

In 1988, the Tuvan Archaeological Expedition (led by M. E. Kilunovskaya and V. A. Semenov) discovered a unique burial of the early Iron Age at Saryg-Bulun in Central Tuva. There are two burial mounds of the Aldy-Bel culture dated by 7th century BC. Within the barrows, which adjoined one another, forming a figure-of-eight, there were discovered 7 burials, from which a representative collection of artifacts was recovered. Burial 5 was the most unique, it was found in a coffin made of a larch trunk, with a tightly closed lid. Due to the preservative properties of larch and lack of air access, the coffin contained a well-preserved mummy of a child with an accompanying set of grave goods. The interred individual retained the skin on his face and had a leather headdress painted with red pigment and a coat, sewn from jerboa fur. The coat was belted with a leather belt with bronze ornaments and buckles. Besides that, a leather quiver with arrows with the shafts decorated with painted ornaments, fully preserved battle pick and a bow were buried in the coffin. Unexpectedly, the full-genomic analysis, showed that the individual was female. This fact opens a new aspect in the study of the social history of the Scythian society and perhaps brings us back to the myth of the Amazons, discussed by Herodotus. Of course, this discovery is unique in its preservation for the Scythian culture of Tuva and requires careful study and conservation.

Keywords: Tuva, Early Iron Age, early Scythian period, Aldy-Bel culture, barrow, burial in the coffin, mummy, full genome sequencing, aDNA

Information about authors: Marina Kilunovskaya (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Vladimir Semenov (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Candidate of Historical Sciences. Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail: [email protected] Varvara Busova  (Moscow, Russian Federation).  (Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation). Institute for the History of Material Culture of the Russian Academy of Sciences.  Dvortsovaya Emb., 18, Saint Petersburg, 191186, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Kharis Mustafin  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Technical Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Irina Alborova  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected] Alina Matzvai  (Moscow, Russian Federation). Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology.  Institutsky Lane, 9, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Oblast, Russian Federation E-mail:  [email protected]

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