essay father of nation

Essays on Gandhi Prize-winning Essays of the classical contest organised by CITYJAN News weekly, Navi Mumbai on the occasion of Gandhi Jayanti on 2 nd October, 2002.

• Student Projects
• Essays on Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi - Father of The Nation

• The Relevance of Gandhi For All Times
• Gandhian Religion - A Way of Life

By Ritu Johari (The Post Graduate Category)

The period from 1920 to 1947 had been described as the Gandhian Era in Indian Politics. During the period, Gandhi spoke the final word on behalf of the Indian National Congress in negotiating with the British Government for constitutional reforms, and for chalking out a programme for the national movement. Mahatma Gandhi led the national freedom struggle against the British rule. The most unique thing about this struggle was that it was completely nonviolent. Mohan Das Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2nd October, 1869 at Porbandar in Gujarat. After finishing his early education in India, he sailed to England in 1891 and qualified as Barrister. In 1894, Gandhi went to South Africa in connection with a law suit. The political career of Gandhi started in South Africa where he launched a Civil Disobedience Movement against the maltreatment meted out to Asian settlers. In 1916, he returned to India and took up the leadership of National Freedom Struggle. After the death of freedom fighter and congress leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak on August, 1920, Gandhi became virtually the sole navigator of the ship of the congress. Gandhi had whole heartedly supported the British during the 1st World War (1914-1919). The end of war, however, did not bring the promised freedom for India. So Gandhiji launched many movements to force the British to concede India its Independence. The well known being: Non Co-operation Movement (1920), Civil Disobedience Movement (1930) and Quit India Movement (1942). The British passed the Rowlett Act in 1919 to deal with the revolutionaries. Gandhi made the Rowlett Act an issue and appealed to the people to observe peaceful demonstration on April 6, 1919. Gandhi's call for peaceful demonstration met with tremendous response. It led to mass demonstrations in Punjab and Delhi. The Jallianwala Massacre (1919) was a sequel of this agitation. The Indian people were shocked by the way the British conducted themselves. Gandhi them launched a non-co-operation in 1920 against the British rule. On 12th March 1930, Gandhi started his Civil Disobedience with his famous 'Dandi March' to break the salt laws. Many leaders and persons courted arrest. Then followed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact for the participation of the congress in the Second Round Table Conference in 1931. On March 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps came to India with his proposals which were rejected by all political parties. The failure of the Cripps Mission led to unprecedented disturbances. Disillusioned and disappointed, the congress passed at Bombay the Quit India Resolution (August 8, 1942). The British were asked to leave India forthwith. The moving spirit behind the resolution was Gandhiji. The Quit India Movement was the greatest challenge to the British empire. Gandhi was a great leader, a saint and a great social reformer. He was pious, truthful and religious. He believed in simple living and high thinking. Every body who came in contact with him were so deeply influenced by his personality. He was a Champion of democracy and was deadly opposed to dictatorial rule. Gandhi showed India and the World the path of truth and non-violence. He believed that it was truth alone that prevailed in the end. Gandhi believed that real India lived in more than five lakhs villages uplift. According to him India's real emancipation depended on Swadeshi i.e. boycott of foreign goods, use of khadi encouragement to village and cottage industries. Gandhi began to work day and night for the freedom of his country. He and his brave followers went to jail again and again, and suffered terrible hardships. Thousands of them were starved, beaten, ill treated and killed, but they remained true to their master. At last his noble efforts bore fruit and on August 15,1947, India became free and independent. Gandhi defeated the mighty British empire not with swords or guns , but by means of strange and utterly new weapons of truth and Ahimsa. He worked all through his life for Hindu- Muslim Unity and the abolition of untouchability. Gandhi worked hard for the upliftment of the Harijans, the name given by him to the untouchables. Gandhi declared untouchability a sin against God and Man. Gandhi wrote his famous autobiography under the title 'My Experiments with Truth'. Gandhi always stood for communal harmony, but he himself was shot dead by a religious fanatic Nathuram Godse on 30th January, 1948. The whole World mourned his death. Concluding Remarks: Some one had quipped: "If they had not thrown Gandhi out of the train in South Africa, the English would not have too much trouble from him." Gandhi, the young Attorney, vowed to oppose such unfair treatment- through non-co-operation and other nonviolent means. Gandhi's ultimate search was for righteous conduct. The means are more important than the end, he maintained; with the right means, desired ends will follow. In time, he was proven right- almost always. His struggles and actions were but external manifestations of his struggle to evolve his own value system. Mahatma Gandhi better known as the father of Nation because it was he who got freedom for us. He was the maker of Modern India.

Remembering Gandhi Assassination of Gandhi Tributes to Gandhi Gandhi's Human Touch Gandhi Poster Exhibition Send Gandhi Greetings Gandhi Books Read Gandhi Books Online Download PDF Books Download EPUB/MOBI Books Gandhi Literature Collected Works of M. Gandhi Selected Works of M.Gandhi Selected Letters Famous Speeches Gandhi Resources Gandhi Centres/Institutions Museums/Ashrams/Libraries Gandhi Tourist Places Resource Persons Related Websites Glossary / Sources Associates of Mahatma Gandhi -->

Copyright © 2015 SEVAGRAM ASHRAM. All rights reserved. Developed and maintain by Bombay Sarvodaya Mandal | Sitemap

Global site navigation

• Celebrity biographies
• Messages - Wishes - Quotes
• TV and Movies
• Fashion and style
• Music and singers
• Capital Market
• Celebrities
• Relationships

Local editions

• Habari za Kenya Swahili

Fathers of Nations summary, analysis, theme, and characters

Fathers of Nations (2013) is a satirical novel set in Africa. The author brings to date all that has gone wrong in Africa. He explores the frustrations that African experience under corrupt leadership. Fathers of Nations summary explains what the novel is about and points at the key themes.

Pay attention: Become TUKO.co.ke ambassador – get a branded T-shirt, hoodie or water bottle at our TUKO Shop!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Fathers of nations setbook characters, fathers of nations novel summary, leadership crisis, about paul b vitta.

Fathers of Nations was written by Paul B. Vitta and printed in 2013 by Oxford University Press East Africa . The highlight of this book is a summit attended at the Gambia by African Heads of State. Its subject is the awakening of Africans to come out from their status quo. Here is the synopsis of Fathers of Nations, theme analysis, and characters.

Here are some of the main characters in the book.

• Karanja Kimani : Kimani is a Kenyan, 60 years old is a professor at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi.
• Comrade Ngobile Melusi : Ngobile is from Zimbabwe and is aged 70 years old.
• Pastor Chineke Chiamaka : He is a male Nigerian clergyman based at the Lagos branch of the Church Inside Africa.
• Dr. Abiola Afolabi : He is a Nigerian academician and has an American wife.
• Engineer Seif Tahir : He is a Libyan formerly employed by Tripoli's Ministry of Defense.

The Last Alaskans cast: names, profiles, salary, other TV roles

Do you have a groundbreaking story you would like us to publish? Please reach us through [email protected] or WhatsApp: 0732482690.

Fathers of Nations is a satirical novel, and it is set in contemporary Africa. It is a story that brings to the readers all that has gone wrong in Africa, but in a humorous way. The continent is depicted as a valuable place that lacks a sense of direction. The majority of the leaders have made their people voices, rendering them silent as these leaders continuously destroy their livelihoods.

The plot revolves around the lives of four men from different parts of Africa. Amid their various misfortunes, the men get together to try and make a change. They want African heads of state to ratify a document that could transform the continent's economic fortunes.

These four men have suffered under unwieldy political systems in their respective countries. Each bears a grudge against the system and has a reason for wanting it to change. They represent the values of humanity, empathy, and vulnerability.

10 best books by African authors you should read right now

Prof Karanja Kimani has lost his wife to a former university colleague and now turned politician. His only daughter dies in a fatal accident in Nairobi. Pastor Chineke, on his part, is a fierce man. His insistence on government accountability earns him days in jail. He is also prohibited from preaching.

Dr. Abiola Afolabi is ditched by his American wife. He advises African heads of state but detests offering theoretical solutions. The last character, Ngobile Melusi, is projected as a failed politician. He finds himself on the wrong side of the political divide after independence. He goes through affliction for being Ndebele when the Shona president undertook to suppress his community.

Analysis of the themes in Fathers of Nations

The symbolism in this book is enough to make you sit back and marvel at how Africans have accepted the status quo. It's an enjoyable read, and above all, it speaks to the frustrations we still experience in Africa under corrupt leadership. Below are the themes in Fathers of Nations.

15 greatest African warriors who changed the continent's history

Poor leadership is one of the main themes in the novel. African leaders are portrayed as people who cannot give a sense of direction to their countries. Instead, they are shown as flawed human beings who cannot rise to the challenges of their times.

They are people experimenting with various ideological positions originating from different places. In the book, two groups develop two development agendas referred to as Path Alpha and Way Omega.

The book goes ahead to portray how dysfunctional most African countries are. They are readily buy anything from anywhere. Unfortunately, in their hopelessness, the citizens continue to entertain a leadership that is blind to their plights.

The novel also paints a devastating picture of people on a knifes' edge of daily survival. International imperialistic networks of control have captured and imprisoned the continent. African countries are sucked into meaningless loans with international financial institutions.

Te Doy La Vida cast and characters, episodes, full story

These development loans, though luring, have unrealistic demands. As a result, the continent continues to sink into the abyss of poverty.

Paul B Vitta also shares that corruption is endemic in Africa. The vice has disastrous effects on the continent's economies. It also affects the cohesion of communities and social contracts, which are vital pillars of building nations.

Wars and organised criminal networks distract the developments of some countries. The networks control all the political powers and economic opportunities.

The image readers also get of African leaders is that of a coalition of confused and manipulated people. They have suppressed the voices of the civilians, who are mere spectators as leaders destroy their sources of livelihood. The book is a bold portrayal of post-colonial African countries.

It is a continent where the most learned are impoverished because society doesn't value knowledge. Instead, it cherishes ignorance.

Love To Death telenovela cast, episodes, full story, how to watch

Who is Paul B Vitta? He is the author of Fathers of Nations. Vitta was born in Tanzania and received his Ph.D. in physics from Emory University of Dar es Salaam. He worked briefly for the African Regional Center for Technology in Senegal.

Later, he moved to the International Development Research Center in Canada. He also served as a Director of UNESCO'S Regional Office for Science and Technology in Africa before retiring.

Fathers of Nations summary and analysis above will undoubtedly give you a reason to read the book. As an African living in the continent, you will notice that the book captures everything you have seen. The book reminds you that some of the plights are of your own making because of the kind of leaders you elect.

Are you a young woman who needs inspiration? Tuko.co.ke published a list of the 15 empowering books for young Black women. Something supernatural can happen if you read a book. Therefore, the right books for young women go a long way in creating empowered, purposeful, and assertive ladies.

List of latest movies and series 2018

In a society full of gender, sexual, and religious discrimination are a reality, women need something to keep them focused. Appropriate books inspire young black women to work towards their goals. It will highlight that colour or gender has nothing to do with their potential.

PAY ATTENTION: Help us change more lives, join TUKO.co.ke’s Patreon programme.

Source: TUKO.co.ke

• Schemes of Work
• Video Lessons
• Question Papers
• Universities

Fathers of Nations Essay Questions and Answers

Institution: Secondary School

Course: English Literature

Content Category: Study Guides

Posted By: 07180554xx

Document Type: PDF

Number of Pages: 20

Fathers of Nations Essays and answers for English paper 3 Revision. 1) Write an essay using examples from Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations to demonstrate how revenge only makes things worse. We occasionally suffer at the hands of others. We usually feel compelled to avenge or retaliate. Seeking vengeance, on the other hand, causes additional suffering or anguish, as in the example of Professor Kimani and Engineer Tahir in Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations. To begin with, when Professor Kimani's wife abandons him for a rogue member of parliament, he pursues vengeance but ends up in even more anguish. Professor Kimani's career as a revolutionary educator begins when he accepts a position as a high-flying senior lecturer at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. In addition, he marries Asiya Omondi, a campus beauty. This was before he became a professor. When Walomu steals his wife, his problems begin. When Asiya informs him that she is leaving him for Walomu, he wonders if it is for financial reasons. Professors used to earn more than MPs. MPs now earn hundreds of times more and are not required to pay taxes, a legal coup. As a result of the recession, Professor Kimani is cash-strapped. He eats at a low-end restaurant, and his car breaks down once again and he plans fix it when he earns his next paycheck an indication of hard financial times he is facing. Asiya humiliates him by urging him to leave teaching to pursue politics like Newton Walomu, who now owns four cars in comparison to Kimani, who only has a dying old Toyota. It breaks the professor's heart that he lost his wife to a loud fellow and former junior colleague. After his daughter Tuni's death, Asiya despises Professor Kimani, and her resentment and depression lead to her choice to break their thirty-year marriage. She mocks him by suggesting that Tuni would still be alive if Professor Kimani possessed a real car. ....................

Below is the document preview. Purchase to access the complete document.

This is the end of this document preview. Buy to download the complete document.

More Resources

CBC grade 4 assessment tool (exam 2) term two ; all learning areas exam: English Language Activities, Kiswahili Insha Activities, Mathematics Activities, Science and Technology Activities, Social...

Price: KES :  50

Grade 5 Social Studies Summative Assessment Test Term 2 1. Draw and Name four cardinal points of a compass (4marks) 2. Name five main elements of a map (5 marks)

FORM I TERM III END TERM EXAMINATION CHEMISTRY JUNE/JULY 2021 TIME: 2 HOURS Instructions: Answer all questions in the spaces provided 1. Discuss the criteria for testing purity in...

Price: KES :  150

Form 1 End of Term 3 English Question Paper and Answers 1. FUNCTIONAL WRITING You have a friend who you saw last seven years ago. Recently you received a letter from him, telling you where he had...

Price: KES :  100

Form 1 Physics End of Term 3 Question Paper and Answers 1) (i)Define length...

A guide on the Pearl by John Steinbeck.

Price: KES :  250

Blossoms of the Savannah Guide: Detailed and Comprehensive

Dibaji Mwongozo huu ni matokeo ya jitihada za Maria Mvati, James Kanuri na Saul S. Bichwa. The NES wameona kuwa ni muhimu kutayarisha mwongozo huu ili kuwasaidia walimu na wanafunzi katika kuelewa...

Price: KES :  200

This document contains a definitive guide to the new set book "Memories we lost and other stories". It is the best to have at the moment. Brief Overview: About the Author The author...

Price: KES :  290

This study guide provides a detailed analysis of the novel Blossoms of the Savannah. The analysis is aimed at preparing KCSE candidates for both the excerpt and the compulsory essay question in paper...

KCSE Revision Oral Literature and Poetry. Detailed and comprehensive study guide. Brief Overview: What is poetry? It is not easy to say what exactly poetry is. But poetry explores the...

Price: KES :  300

This is a combined analysis of Caucasian Chalk Circle and Betrayal in the City set texts. Brief Overview: The Caucasian Chalk Circle Summary The Caucasian Chalk Circle begins with a Prologue...

Explore Geography Charts and Diagrams - a versatile resource providing visual aids to enhance geographical understanding, perfect for teachers and students alike.

Price: KES :  0

This is a handout that gives learners and teachers tips on areas to prepare for before they sit for their English Paper 1 KCSE examinations. ENGLISH PAPER 101 CONTENT AND GUIDELINES By Zacch...

Price: KES :  350

This notes can be used by a tutor and student-teachers for reference purpose in the set book He's Far Too Much. Brief Overview: The play is written by Said Mohamed "AMEZIDI" but translated in...

Price: KES :  180

This is about Caribbean literature: its early inhabitants and history of oppression with description of George Lammings book "In the castle of my skin" ..............

This is a guide to the text "Doll's House".It has handled the form and structure of the text. Thus guiding both the teachers and students in preparation for the examination. ABOUT THE...

This document contains the process and the format of writing a research project. UNIT OF ANALYSIS ? Unit of Analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent...

Price: KES :  500

KASNEB Accounting Technicians Diploma Syllabus July 2018. TABLE OF CONTENTS LEVEL I Page Paper No. 1 Introduction to Financial Accounting 1 Paper No. 2 Principles of Business Law 3 Paper No. 3...

Introduction By the end of this article, you should be able to: a) Discuss bow to identify', rehabilitate and refer children with special needs. b) Explain how to counsel children with special...

This attachment guide will be useful for students going for attachment/internship or taking an internship attachment. I will be useful and you prepare to start your attachment, during your...

Simplified poetry study guide book with exhaustively discussed poetry concepts supported with enough explanations, illustrations and exemplifications. for K.C.S.E, P.T.E and students taking...

This document has analysed the characters and has summarized the plot of the novel arrow of God.it can be used by student teacher's during revisions. Arrow of God Summary The novel is set in the...

Huu mwongozo ni kazi fiti sana ya kukuwezesha mwalimu pamoja na mwanafunzi katika kujitayarisha kuelewa na kuchambua Riway kipya cha Chozi Heri chake Assumpta.Jipatie nakala yako leo.Kando na...

Faili hii ina hoja za kila anuai zitakazo jenga uweledi wa mwanafunzi yeyote yule na kumfanya aje kuwa bingwa wa Kiswahili na bila shaka afaulu katika mitihani yake kwani faili hii imetengenezwa...

Makala haya yanazungumzia ulingo wa ushairi na jinsi utanzu huu unavyochambuliwa.mwandishi amezingatia utanzu wenyewe kwa kufasili ushairi ni nini na pia kutoa mwelekeo wa namna mashairi...

Short notes on Diabetes Insipidus: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Prognosis DIABETES INSIPIDUS Diabetes insipidus is a rare form of diabetes caused by deficiency of vasopressin or a defect in the...

This document contains sample essays from The Blossoms of The Savannah. Brief Overview: 1. Blossoms of the Savannah is a novel about hope that leads to victory; write a composition to illustrate...

Price: KES :  60

This document captures monetary calculation of keeping 100 kuroiler chicken until maturity. Current market price for feeds have been used. (UNGA FEEDS) This document can assist you in decision...

Maswali na Majibu ya Isimu Jamii. Brief Overview: Saidi : Hallo............Hallo....Huyo ni Bw. Mohamed? Mohamed : Ndio...uko wapi... Saidi : Shuleni...sasa...ulinifikishia...

Price: KES :  70

Maswali ya marudio ya tamthilia ya kigogo. Haya maswali huguzia sifa ya wahusika,maudhui mbali mbali,mbinu,umuhimu ya wahusika na maswali ya dondoo unayojitokeza kwa tamthilia hili. MASWALI KATIKA...

Tips to Excellence in Biology Biology Revision and Examination Tips BIOLOGY REVISION AND EXAMINATION TIPS Main reasons why Students Perform Poorly in the Biology Subject - Confusion of biology...

Price: KES :  48

KCSE Business Studies Revision Booklet - Paper 1 and Paper 2. Brief Overview: 1. Mention four limitations of advertising as a means of sales promotion. (4mks) 2. The capital structure of...

Maswali na Majibu Katika Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Hadithi Nyingine 1. Huku ukirejelea hadithi ya Tumbo Lisiloshiba na Shibe Inatumaliza, fafanua maudhui ya ukiukaji wa haki. (al.20) TUMBO...

Price: KES :  75

Discuss the role of written and unwritten sources in the reconstruction of African history. Brief Overview: Introduction The task of reconstructing African history has been a challenging one. A...

This document briefly explains the Kenya Vision 2030, the three main pillars it is based on; and goes ahead to explain the factors that may hinder the realization of the Kenya Vision 2030. FACTORS...

Risk Finance, Retention and Transfer Notes TOPIC 5: RISK FINANCING, RETENTION AND TRANSFER Learning objectives After studying this topic, you should be able to: • discuss considerations...

Here are some tips on studying that I have found very useful and I hope you will also do as you strive to achieve your goals in your education. STUDY GUIDE Before I begin this study guide, I would...

A good composition should therefore have the following notable characteristics: 1. An interesting introduction – one that captivates the reader and acts as a gateway to the writers thoughts. It...

Food production practice(hot kitchen) helps to equip student with basic knowledge of well illustrated recipes arranged in sequence order according to menu type to ease in revision. Contents MENU...

Price: KES :  1000

The document contain tantalizing linguistic throngs and flowering phrases that will make your Swahili composition/creative writing more attractive and enjoyable to read and will earn you proper and...

Review Question and answers on Knowledge Based Systems Number of Questions: 5 Brief overview: Question One (30 Marks) a) Define the following terms as used in knowledge based systems course (5...

Characters and Characterization in A doll's house Describes all characters in the novel A Doll's house....... A Doll's House Character List 1.Nora The protagonist of the play and the wife of...

Price: KES :  15

This is a study guiding students interested to learn more about Home science a s unit/course.It indicates the course content, areas in Year one and year two that a student requires to research into to...

This documents contains R programming questions and answers for simplified revision. SECTION A QUESTION 1 (A) Define the following terms i. Correlation It is defined as statistical measure that...

The guide helps students in revising for the exam and also helps in planning for the studies and revision. Brief Overview: 1. Make sure that you focus on your studies and keep off all kinds of...

FORM 2 JULY HOLIDAY ASSIGNMENT 2021 Name……………………………………….class…………..Adm no………… Dear student: • Take care of this assignment booklet. • Attempt all questions in all subjects that you...

Download 2020 well analyzed geography questions with answers based on the continuity and trend in examination settings by KNEC and professional setters. This work is prepared and counter checked by...

It enables a learner pass in secondary Biology. I guarantee that after reading it through, you will get a B+ and above in Biology. Main reasons why Students Perform Poorly in the Biology Subject -...

(b) Create queries to determine. i. Number of people with basic salary greater than 32,000/= .Save the query as basic (5 Marks) ii. Number of people with basic salary less than 45,000/= AND come...

Price: KES :  299

This document contains Kiswahili revision questions and answers. Madhumuni yaUjumla (a) Kuendeleza mafunzoya Kiswahli yaliyo funzwa katika shule za msingi. (b) Kukuza uwezo wa mwanafunzi...

This document contains a list of compiled phrasal verbs for writing essays and composition.

Work study notes intended for students undertaking certificate course in electrical engineering/installation in college level Meaning of Work Study: Work study is the investigation, by means of a...

Geography questions and answers booklet This document contains best questions and answers for students preparing for KCSE. GEOGRAPHY PAPER II REVISION QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 1. (a) (i) What is...

UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, FACULTY OF LAW FAMILY LAW REVISION QUESTIONS A. Mr. Swabri Salim's Suit for a Declaration of Nullity. (I) The Nature of the Marriage.The fact that Mr. Salim has moved to the...

A primary school composition guide for learners; with composition samples.

A guide to KCPE Kiswahili mostly set areas. KISWAHILI BAADHI YA SEHEMU SEHEMU ZINAZOTAHINIWA KATIKA KCPE Maagizo Mtahiniwa apitie kazi yote na aone ana uwezo wa kujibu zipi ambazo hazifahamu...

MOTHERBOARD FORM FACTOR Discuss Motherboard form factors: Computer motherboard Form Factor can be defined as the basic standard for manufacturing various components of computer system which are...

Download all Revision Papers for Nutrition and Dietetics course. The papers contains all learning units for students undertaking Nutrition and Dietetics course, best suited for revision.

This shows the course outline for the course; Introduction to Archives and Records Management.

SECTION A (40 MKS) Answer all the questions in this section in spaces provided. 1. Using a program flowchart explain the “WHILE…DO” interaction construction. (3mks) 2. Explain two uses of an...

CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS EDUCATION PAPER 1 1996 1. Give five reasons why reading the Bible is important to Christians. (5mks) 2. Identify five teachings on the relationship between human beings and...

Class six structured revision question for all subjects: Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Science, Social Studies and Religious Education.

Class seven structured revision questions for all subjects. Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Science, Social Studies and Religious Studies.

Download Building Construction 1,Technical drawing and construction Plant KNEC past papers. The past papers are best suit for revision by students undertaking Diploma in Building Technology, Civil...

Price: KES :  120

Download Surveying 1 and Workshop Technology 1(mechanical) KNEC past papers for revision by students undertaking Diploma in Building Technology, Civil Engineering and Architecture.

Download Structure 1 and Construction Material Past Papers for revision by students taking Diploma in Building Technology, Civil Engineering and Architecture.

KCPE CRE Setting Criteria (Order of Questions) From Questions 61-90

A deep science analysis for KCPE. Well explained 2015, 2016 and 2017 KCPE past papers with standardization of marks.

Measure Theory CAT Questions and Answers

A guide to KCPE Kiswahili mostly set areas and expected questions. UCHANGANUZI WA LUGHA YA KISWAHILI MTIHANA WA KCPE 2021 SEHEMU YA KWANZA-: LUGHA SEHEMU ZA KUTAHINIWA TAARIFA FUPI –VIFUNGU...

DOWNLOAD Maswali za mapambazuko za mchweo na hadithi zingine. MASWALI YA MAPAMBAZUKO YA MCHWEO NA HADITHI NYINGINE a) FADHILA ZA PUNDA 1. Kwa kutaja mifano mitano kutoka kwenye hadithi, Eleza ni...

Price: KES :  80

Orthopaedic Surgery MCQs With Answers 1) Origin of bone is from: a. Ectoderm. b. Mesoderm. c. Endoderm. d. All of the above. 2) Acute osteomyelitis is commonly caused by: a. Staph...

Price: KES :  140

Maudhui na sifa za wahusika katika tamthilia ya Bembea ya Maisha MAUDHUI NA SIFA ZA WAHUSIKA KATIKA BEMBEA YA MAISHA SEHEMU YA KWANZA ONYESHA YA 1, 2, 3 Maudhui ni jumla ya mawazo yote...

a power point presentation for class seven and eight on making work easier: levers and inclined plains.. the presentation explains on levers, examples of levers and the three classes of levers and...

A power point presentation for primary science on commonly set topics in KCPE.

Maelezo jinsi ya kujibu usemi wa usemi halisi na usemi wa taarifa na matumizi ya 'karibu' ikiwa na mifano ya sentensi.

KITCHEN SUPERVISION The organization within different industries varies according to their specific requirements and the names given to people doing similar jobs many also vary. Some firms require...

2022 KCSE Computer Studies Paper 3 (Project)

SEHEMU YA C: MATUMIZI YA LUGHA (a) Andika kwa kinyume: (i) Nje kulikuwa kweupe. (alama 1) (ii) Mzizimo (alama 1) (b) Eleza matumizi ya "po" katika sentensi...

Act on To take action because of something like information received. The police were ACTING ON a tip from an informer and caught the gang red?handed. Act on Affect. The medicine only ACTS ON...

Alama 40 huchangiwa na sehemu nne, kati yayo kunayo inayobeba uzito wote na ndiyo uti wa insha, hapo ndipo yafaa mwanafunzi awe makini ingawa sehemu zote hutegemeana. MAUDHUI 20 MSAMIATI...

This is a study guide for accounting students at intermediate level. The content of the guide is accounting for liabilities which includes both the elements in current and non current liabilities,...

Price: KES :  170

Download Mwongozo wa Mapambazuko ya Machweo an hadithi nyingine. A new Kiswahili setbook used by secondary school students in Kenya and examined by KNEC in the KCSE exams. Juu ya Mwongozo wa...

Download Maudhui mbalimbali katika mapambazuko ya Machweo na hadithi nyingine, kitabu hiki hueleza jinsi maudhui mbali mbali hutokea katika hadithi hii. mwanafunzi anapaswa kusoma kitabu cha...

MWONGOZO WA BEMBEA YA MAISHA UTANGULIZI VIGEZO MUHIMU KATIKA UCHAMBUZI WA TAMTHILIA HII 1) Dhamira/ Lengo/ Mintarafu/ Kusudi: Nijambo linalokusudiwa na mwandishi/ lengo kuu la...

A guide to a short story text A silent song and other stories for form 3s and 4s.

This is a guide to an artist of a floating world. An artist of a floating world guide has handled the various aspects of literature ranging from the plot, themes, characterization, language and style...

Father's of Nation study guide for form 3 and 4. This is a comprehensive study guide for both teachers and students. It has tackled the plot, characterization, themes and styles. Have a copy today as...

KCPE CRE Quick Revision Guide With Bible Summary. Comprises of difference and similarity of African religious heritage, parables and miracles of Jesus and their lesson, prophets and beatitudes.

Download Characterization of An Artist of The Floating World (New Secondary setbook). Brief Overview b) Setsuko Setsuko is Ono’s older daughter. By the time the novel begins, she is already...

Download Major Themes From Artist of the Floating World (new secondary setbook). the themes are well explain for student and teachers. it covers the major themes below 1)...

Price: KES :  90

Download Stylistic Devices in Artist of The floating World (New Secondary Setbook). it covers the major Stylistic Devices Below. 1. SYMBOLISM. 2. IRONY 3. SIMILE AND METOPHER 4. IMAGERY

Upper primary science revision index; comprises of 209 primary science terms and their meanings.

Mwongozo wa Mapambazuko ya Machweo. Mwongozo huu utamsaidia Mwalimu na mwanafunzi kuchambua Hadith ya Mapambazuko ya Machweo na hadithi nyingine. Vipengele vifuatavyo vimeangaziwa. Maudhui, Wahusika,...

Mwongozo wa Bembea ya Maisha. Maudhui, Wahusika, mbinu za lugha, maswali n.k UTANGULIZI VIGEZO MUHIMU KATIKA UCHAMBUZI WA TAMTHILIA HII ? Dhamira/ Lengo/ Mintarafu/ Kusudi: Nijambo linalokusudiwa...

Mwongozo wa Nguu za Jadi. Yaliyomo; utangulizi, maudhui, mbinu za lugha, Wahusika na sifa zao, uchambuzi wa maonyesho, maswali n.k

Maswali na majibu ya Mapambazuko ya Machweo na hadithi nyingine.

Maswali na Majibu ya Bembea ya Maisha. Ushauri muhimu kwa mtahiniwa: i. Mtahiniwa sharti asome kitabu husika (Bembeaya Maisha) barabara na ii. Mwongozo ni kurunzi ya kumulikia njia, kwa hivyo,...

Silent Song and other stories sample answered essay questions. Question 1: Ninema is an admirable character. Support this from Vrenika Pather's 'Ninema' 20marks. Ninema is an outstanding...

More Content By 07180554xx

Nguu za jadi dondoo and answers 1. “Samahani…nina shida kidogo. Ninaomba usaidizi. Sikuwa nikilipa ushuru katika biashara zangu. Sasa wanataka kuzifunga na kunipeleka kortini.” a. Eleza muktadha...

Price: KES :  160

Discover the insightful Mapambazuko ya Machweo Dondoo na Majibu. Instant delivery via WhatsApp, email, or direct download upon purchase. Get ready for a transformative learning experience. 1. Mume...

Discover comprehensive study guide notes for the Parliament of Owls. Purchase now to receive instant access via WhatsApp, email, or direct download. Perfect for students and teachers seeking detailed...

Discover insightful answers and excerpts from the Fathers of Nations in this document, available for instant delivery via WhatsApp, email, or direct download. Ideal for history enthusiasts seeking...

The Samaritan comprehensive essays and answers 1. "Although John Lara's literary world is religious, many of his characters are dishonest.” write an essay showing how true this statement is, using...

Looking for sample essay questions and answers related to Parliament of Owls? Instantly get access to the document upon purchase through WhatsApp, email, or direct download. Perfect resource for...

• Primary and High School Exams in Kenya With Marking Schemes
• PP1 Schemes of Work
• PP2 Schemes of Work
• Grade 1 Schemes of Work
• Grade 2 Schemes of Work
• Grade 3 Schemes of Work
• Grade 4 Schemes of Work
• Grade 5 Schemes of Work
• Grade 6 Schemes of Work
• Grade 7 Schemes of Work
• Class 8 Schemes of Work
• Form 1 Schemes of Work
• Form 2 Schemes of Work
• Form 3 Schemes of Work
• Form 4 Schemes of Work
• Class 8 Notes
• Grade 7 Notes
• Grade 6 Notes
• Grade 5 Notes
• Grade 4 Notes
• Grade 3 Notes
• Grade 2 Notes
• Grade 1 Notes
• Lecture Notes
• Past Papers
• Questions With Answers

© 2008-2024 by KenyaPlex.com. All Rights Reserved | Home | About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Terms Of Use | Privacy Policy | Advertise Contact us: info @ kenyaplex.com -->

• Skip to primary navigation
• Skip to main content
• Skip to primary sidebar

UPSC Coaching, Study Materials, and Mock Exams

Enroll in ClearIAS UPSC Coaching Join Now Log In

Call us: +91-9605741000

Mahatma Gandhi: The Father of the Nation

Last updated on October 2, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi is popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi.

Gandhi was a lawyer, nationalist, and anti-colonial activist. He led a non-violent mass movement against the British rule of India which ultimately resulted in Indian independence .

Mahatma Gandhi is revered in India as the Father of the Nation.

Table of Contents

The early life of Mahatma Gandhi: Birth and Family

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on 2 nd October 1869, in Porbandar in the princely state of Kathiawar in Gujarat.

His father was Karamchand Uttamchand Gandhi who served as a dewan of Porbandar state. His mother was Putlibai who came from Junagadh. Mohandas was the youngest of four children. He had two brothers and a sister.

At age of 13, Mohandas was married to 14-year-old Kastubai Makhanji Kapadia as was the custom at that time.

His father passed away in 1885, and the same year he and his wife lost their first child. The Gandhi couple later had four sons over the years.

Education of Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhi Ji received his primary education in Rajkot where his father had relocated as dewan to the ruler Thakur Sahib. He went to Alfred high school in Rajkot at the age of 11.

In 1887, at the age of 18, Gandhi Ji graduated from a high school in Ahmedabad. He later enrolled at a college in Bhavnagar but dropped out later. He had also joined and eventually dropped out of a college in Bombay.

He then went to London in 1888 to pursue law at the university college. After completing his studies, he was invited to be enrolled at Inner temple to become a barrister.

He returned to India in 1891 at the age of 22 after his mother passed away.

He failed to establish a successful law career both in Rajkot and Bombay.

In 1893, he moved to Durban, South Africa, on a one-year contract to sort out the legal problems of Abdullah, a Gujarati merchant.

South Africa during the 1800s

The British had colonized and settled in the Natal and Cape provinces of South Africa during the 1840s and 50s. Transvaal and Orange Free State were independent Boer (British and Dutch settlers) ruled states. Boer means farmer settler in Dutch and Afrikaans. The governance of colonial regions (Natal and Cape) was controlled by the minority white population which enforced segregation between government-defined races in all spheres.

This created three societies- whites (British and Dutch or Boer ancestry), Blacks and Coloureds (mixed race) which included ethnic Asians (Indians, Malayans, Filipinos, and Chinese).

Indian immigration to South Africa began in the 1860s, when whites recruited indentured Indian labour (Girmityas), especially from south India, to work on sugar plantations. Later many Indian merchants, mostly meman Muslims also migrated. By the 1890s, the children of the ex-indentured labourers had settled down in South Africa making up the third group.

Mahatma Gandhi in South Africa

1893 : Mohandas Gandhi witnessed extreme apartheid or racial discrimination against Asians in South Africa. His journey from Durban to Pretoria witnessed the famous incident when he was thrown out of a first-class compartment by a white man at Pietermaritzburg station. Upon arriving at Johanessburg, he was refused rooms in the hotels.

These experiences motivated him to stay in South Africa for a longer period to organize the Indian workers to enable them to fight for their rights. He started teaching English to the Asian population there and tried to organize them to protest against the oppression.

1894: After the culmination of his Abdullah case in 1894, he stayed on there and planned to assist Indians in opposing a bill to deny them the right to vote. He founded the Natal Indian Congress and moulded the Indian community into a unified political force.

1899-1902: The Boer War

The Boer War extended Britain’s control from Natal and Cape Province to include Transvaal and Orange Free State.

During this time, Gandhi volunteered to form a group of stretcher-bearers as the Natal Indian ambulance corps. It consisted of indentured labourers and was funded by the Indian community and helped treatment and evacuation of wounded British soldiers.

Gandhi Ji thought that helping the British war efforts would win over the British imperial government and earn sympathy for the plight of Indians there. He was also awarded the Queen’s South Africa Medal for serving the British empire.

Till 1906, it was the moderate phase of the struggle for the Indians in South Africa. During this time, Gandhi concentrated on petitioning and sending memorials to the legislatures, the colonial secretary in London, and the British parliament.

1906: The Civil Disobedience in South Africa

The failure of moderate methods led to the second phase of the struggle, civil disobedience or the Satyagraha.

He started two settlements- the Phoenix settlement in Durban and the Tolstoy farm in Johanessburg for helping the needy and initiate a communal living tradition.

His first notable resistance was against the law passed by the government, making it compulsory for Indians to take out certifications of registrations that held their fingerprints and was compulsory to carry it on the person at all times. Gandhi formed a Passive Resistance Association against this.

Gandhi and his followers were jailed. Later the government agreed to withdraw the law if Indians voluntarily registered. They were tricked into the registrations and they protested again by publicly burning their certificates.

1908: The existing campaign expanded to protest against the new law to restrict migrations of Indians between provinces. Gandhi and others were jailed and sentenced to hard physical labour.

1910: Gandhi Ji set up the Tolstoy farm in Johannesburg to ready the satyagrahis to the harsh conditions of the prison hence helping to keep the resistance moving forward.

1911: Gopal Krishna Gokhale visited South Africa as a state guest on the occasion of the coronation of King George V. Gokhale and Gandhi met at Durban and established a good relationship.

1913: The satyagraha continued against varied oppressive laws brought by the government. The movement against the law invalidating marriages not conducted according to Christian rites brought out many Indian women onto the movement.

Gandhi launched a final mass movement of over 2000 men, women, and children. They were jailed and forced into miserable conditions and hard labour. This caused the whole Indian community in South Africa to rise on strike.

In India, Gokhale worked to make the public aware of the situation in South Africa which led the then Viceroy Hardinge to call for an inquiry into the atrocities.

A series of negotiations took place between Gandhiji, Viceroy Hardinge, CR Andrews (Christian missionary and Indian Independence activist), and General Smuts of South Africa. This led to the government conceding to most of the Indians’ demands.

Gandhiji’s return to India: 1915

1915: On the request of Gokhale, conveyed by CF Andrews (Deenbandhu), Gandhi Ji returned to India to help with the Indian struggle for independence .

The last phase of the Indian National movement is known as the Gandhian era.

Mahatma Gandhi became the undisputed leader of the National Movement. His principles of nonviolence and Satyagraha were employed against the British government. Gandhi made the nationalist movement a mass movement.

On returning to India in 1915, Gandhi toured the country for one year on Gokhale’s insistence. He then established an ashram in Ahmedabad to settle his phoenix family.

He first took up the cause of indentured labour in India thus continuing his fight in South Africa to abolish it.

Gandhiji joined the Indian National Congress and was introduced to Indian issues and politics and Gokhale became his political Guru.

1917: At this point, World war I was going on, and Britain and France were in a difficult position. Germany had inflicted a crushing defeat on both the British and French troops in France.

Russia’s war effort had broken down and the revolution was threatening its government.

America had entered the war but no American troops had yet reached the war front.

The British army required reinforcements urgently and they looked to India for participation. Viceroy Chelmsford had invited various Indian leaders to attend a war conference. Gandhi was also invited and he went to Delhi to attend the conference.

After attending the viceroy’s war conference Gandhiji agreed to support the recruitment of Indians in the British war effort. He undertook a recruitment campaign in Kaira district, Gujarat.

He again believed that support from Indians will make the British government look at their plight sympathetically after the war.

Early movements by Gandhiji

Champaran Satyagraha, Kheda Satyagraha, and Ahmedabad Mill Strike were the early movements of Gandhi before he was elevated into the role of a national mass leader.

1917: Champaran Satyagraha

Champaran Satyagraha of 1917 was the first civil disobedience movement organized by Gandhiji. Rajkumar Shukla asked Gandhi to look into the problems of the Indigo planters.

The European planters had been forcing passengers to grow Indigo on a 3/20 of the total land called the tinkatiya system.

Gandhi organized passive resistance or civil disobedience against the tinkatiya system. Finally, the authorities relented and permitted Gandhi to make inquiries among the peasants. The government appointed a committee to look into the matter and nominated Gandhi as a member.

Rajendra Prasad, Anugrah Narayan Sinha, and other eminent lawyers became inspired by Gandhi and volunteered to fight for the Indigo farmers in court for free.

Gandhi was able to convince the authorities to abolish the system and the peasants were compensated for the illegal dues extracted from them.

1918: Kheda satyagraha

The Kheda Satyagraha was the first noncooperation movement organized by Gandhi.

Because of the drought in 1918 crops failed in the Kheda district of Gujarat. According to the revenue code if the yield was less than one-fourth of the normal produced the farmers for entitled to remission. Gujarat sabha sent a petition requesting revenue assessment for the year 1919 but the authorities refused to grant permission.

Gandhi supported the peasants’ cause and asked them to withhold revenue. During the Satyagraha, many young nationalists such as Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Indulal Yagnik became Gandhi’s followers.

Sardar Patel led a group of eminent people who went around villages and gave them political advisors and instructions.

The government finally agreed to form an agreement with the farmers and hence the taxes were suspended for the years 1919 and 1920 and all confiscated properties were returned.

1918: Ahmedabad mill strike

This was Gandhi’s first hunger strike. He intervened in a dispute between Mill owners of Ahmedabad and the workers over the issue of discontinuation of the plague bonus.

The workers were demanding a rise of 50% in their wages while the employees were willing to concede only a 20% bonus.

The striking workers turned to Anusuiya Sarabai in quest of justice and she contacted Gandhi for help. He asked the workers to go on a strike and to remain non-violent and undertook a fast unto death to strengthen the workers’ resolve.

The mill owners finally agreed to submit the issue to a tribunal and the strike was withdrawn in the end the workers receive a 35% increase in their wages.

Gandhiji’s active involvement in the Indian National Movement

Gandhi’s active involvement in the Indian Freedom Struggle was marked by many mass movements like the Khilafat Movement, Non-Cooperation Movement, Civil Disobedience Movement, and Quit India Movement.

1919: Khilafat movement

During World War I Gandhi sought cooperation from the Muslims in his fight against the British by supporting the Ottoman Empire that had been defeated in the world war.

The British passed the Rowlatt act to block the movement. Gandhi called for a nationwide Satyagraha against the act.

It was Rowlatt Satyagraha that elevated Gandhi into a national leader. Rowlatt Satyagraha was against the unjust Rowlatt Act passed by the British.

On April 13th, 1919 the Jallianwala Bagh incident took place. Seeing the violence spread Mahatma Gandhi called off the civil disobedience movement on the 18th of April.

1920: Non-Cooperation Movement

Gandhi convinced the congress leaders to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as Swaraj. At the congress session of Nagpur in 1920, the non-cooperation program was adopted.

1922 : Chauri chaura incident took place, which caused Gandhi to withdraw from the non-cooperation movement.

After the non-cooperation movement ended, Gandhi withdrew from the political platform and focused on his social reform work.

1930:  The Salt March and The Civil Disobedience Movement

Gandhi declared that he would lead a march to break the salt law as the law gave the state the Monopoly on the manufacturer and the sale of salt.

Gandhi along with his followers marched from his ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi in Gujarat where they broke the government law by gathering natural salt and boiling seawater to produce salt.

This also marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.

1931 : The Gandhi Irwin pact

Gandhi accepted the truce offered by Irwin and called off the civil disobedience movement and agreed to attend the second round table conference in London as the representative of the Indian National Congress.

But when he returned from London he relaunched the civil disobedience movement but by 1934 it had lost its momentum.

1932 : Poona pact

This was a pact reached between B.R Ambedkar and Gandhi concerning the communal awards but in the end, strived to achieve a common goal for the upliftment of the marginalized communities of the Indian society.

1934 : Gandhi resigned from the Congress party membership as he did not agree with the party’s position on varied issues.

Gandhi returned to active politics in 1936 with the Lucknow session of Congress where Jawaharlal Nehru was the president.

1938 : Gandhi and Subhash Chandra Bose’s principles clashed during the Tripuri session which led to the Tripuri crisis in the Indian National Congress.

1942: Quit India movement

The outbreak of World war II and the last and crucial phase of national struggle in India came together.

The failure of the Cripps mission in 1942 gave rise to the Quit India movement.

Gandhi was arrested and held at Aga Khan Palace in Pune. During this time his wife Kasturba died after 18 months of imprisonment and in 1944 Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack.

He was released before the end of the war on 6th May 1944. World war II was nearing an end and the British gave clear indications that power would be transferred to Indians hence Gandhi called off the struggle and all the political prisoners were released including the leaders of Congress.

Partition and independence

Gandhiji opposed the partition of India along religious lines.

While he and Congress demanded the British quit India the Muslim league demanded to divide and quit India.

All of Gandhi’s efforts to help Congress and the Muslim league reach an agreement to corporate and attain independence failed.

Gandhiji did not celebrate the independence and end of British rule but appealed for peace among his countrymen. He was never in agreement for the country to be partitioned.

His demeanour played a key role in pacifying the people and avoiding a Hindu-Muslim riot during the partition of the rest of India.

Death of Mahatma Gandhi

30th January 1948

Gandhiji was on his way to address a prayer meeting in the Birla House in New Delhi when Nathuram Godse fired three bullets into his chest from close range killing him instantly.

Mahatma Gandhi’s legacy

Throughout his life, in his principles practices, and beliefs, he always held on to non-violence and simple living. He influenced many great leaders and the nation respectfully addresses him as the father of the nation or Bapu.

He worked for the upliftment of untouchables and called them Harijan meaning the children of God.

Rabindranath Tagore is said to have accorded the title of Mahatma to Gandhi.

It was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose who first addressed him as the Father of the Nation.

Gandhian Philosophy inspired millions of people across the world.

Many great world leaders like Nelson Mandela followed Gandhiji’s teachings and way of life. Hence, his impact on the global stage is still very profound.

Literary works of Mahatma Gandhi

Gandhiji was a prolific writer and he has written many articles throughout his life. He edited several newspapers including Harijan in Gujarati, Indian opinion in South Africa, and Young India in English.

He also wrote several books including his autobiography “The Story Of My Experiments with Truth”.

Aim IAS, IPS, or IFS?

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2025 (Online)

₹95000 ₹59000

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2026 (Online)

₹115000 ₹69000

Prelims cum Mains (PCM) GS Course: Target UPSC CSE 2027 (Online)

₹125000 ₹79000

About ClearIAS Team

ClearIAS is one of the most trusted learning platforms in India for UPSC preparation. Around 1 million aspirants learn from the ClearIAS every month.

Our courses and training methods are different from traditional coaching. We give special emphasis on smart work and personal mentorship. Many UPSC toppers thank ClearIAS for our role in their success.

Download the ClearIAS mobile apps now to supplement your self-study efforts with ClearIAS smart-study training.

Reader Interactions

January 31, 2022 at 6:36 pm

Gandhi the greatest freedom fighter? It is an irony that Gandhi was a British stooge, he partitioned India and was responsible for death of millions of Hindus and Sikhs during partition. How he and Nehru got Bose eliminated is another story. He slept with many women by his own confession. He never went to kala Pani and enjoyed luxury of British even in jails in India.

January 31, 2022 at 7:14 pm

How is he ‘Father of nation’ ?? He is not even close to be a father of post-1947 India(It would be Bose anyday).And he is the one who did all kinds of absurd fantasies(mentioned in his own autobiography).His role in independence was MINIMAL ! His non-violence theory was hypocritic and foolish(teaching oppressed instead of oppressor!) And as AMBEDKAR rightly said ‘sometimes good cometh out of evil'(on jan 30th 1948)

March 26, 2024 at 11:47 am

So true …

Bro I literally agree with all of this…

May 20, 2022 at 1:37 pm

It is Bose who first gave the title of “Father of the Nation” to Gandhi.

Please try to look at things with an open mind.

May 26, 2022 at 11:15 am

Ck is wrong I think Mahatma Gandhi Is a TRUE LEADER.

November 26, 2023 at 8:36 pm

Gandhi the greatest freedom fighter

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Don’t lose out without playing the right game!

Follow the ClearIAS Prelims cum Mains (PCM) Integrated Approach.

Join ClearIAS PCM Course Now

UPSC Online Preparation

• Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
• Indian Administrative Service (IAS)
• Indian Police Service (IPS)
• IAS Exam Eligibility
• UPSC Free Study Materials
• UPSC Exam Guidance
• UPSC Prelims Test Series
• UPSC Syllabus
• UPSC Online
• UPSC Prelims
• UPSC Interview
• UPSC Toppers
• UPSC Previous Year Qns
• UPSC Age Calculator
• UPSC Calendar 2024
• About ClearIAS
• ClearIAS Programs
• ClearIAS Fee Structure
• IAS Coaching
• UPSC Coaching
• UPSC Online Coaching
• ClearIAS Blog
• Important Updates
• Announcements
• Book Review
• ClearIAS App
• Work with us
• Advertise with us
• Privacy Policy
• Terms and Conditions
• Talk to Your Mentor

Featured on

and many more...

• Students' Projects
• Mahatma Gandhi - Father of the Nation

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi: The Father of the Nation

Learn about Mahatma Gandhi, India’s nonviolent freedom fighter, and write an inspiring essay on his life and legacy.

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as the Father of the Nation, was a prominent leader and a freedom fighter of India. He dedicated his life to fighting for India’s independence from the British, using non-violent civil disobedience as a weapon. His philosophy of truth and non-violence, as well as his advocacy for the underprivileged and marginalized sections of society, continue to inspire people around the world to this day. In this essay, we will delve into the life, teachings, and legacy of this great leader.

Essay on Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi, also known as Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, was a great leader and a freedom fighter of India. He was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Gujarat. He is also known as the Father of the Nation, as he played a crucial role in India’s struggle for independence from the British.

Gandhi was a lawyer by profession but gave up his law practice to fight for the rights of Indians. He used non-violent civil disobedience as a weapon to fight against the British rule in India. He led many movements such as the Salt March, the Quit India Movement, and the Non-Cooperation Movement to fight for India’s freedom.

Gandhi was a great inspiration to millions of people, not only in India but across the world. He believed in the power of truth, non-violence, and the welfare of the people. He fought for the rights of the underprivileged and the marginalized sections of society, including women and Dalits.

Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence, also known as Ahimsa, was his greatest weapon in the fight for India’s freedom. He believed that violence only begets violence, and that it is better to fight for one’s rights through peaceful means. He also believed in the power of Satyagraha, which is the force of truth and soul force.

Apart from being a great leader and a freedom fighter, Gandhi was also a prolific writer and a thinker. He wrote extensively on various topics such as politics, religion, and social issues. His most famous works include ‘Hind Swaraj’ and ‘My Experiments with Truth’.

Gandhi’s life and teachings have inspired many people across the world, including great leaders such as Nelson Mandela and Martin Luther King Jr. His ideas of non-violence, truth, and social justice are still relevant today and continue to inspire people to fight for their rights and for the welfare of others.

In conclusion, Mahatma Gandhi was a great leader, a freedom fighter, a prolific writer, and a thinker. His philosophy of non-violence and Satyagraha played a crucial role in India’s struggle for independence. His teachings and ideas continue to inspire people across the world to fight for their rights and for the welfare of others. He will always be remembered as one of the greatest leaders in the world.

Q: When was Mahatma Gandhi born?

A: Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869.

Q: Where was Mahatma Gandhi born?

A: Mahatma Gandhi was born in Porbandar, a coastal town in present-day Gujarat, India.

Q: How did Mahatma Gandhi die?

A: Mahatma Gandhi was assassinated on January 30, 1948, by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu nationalist who opposed Gandhi’s philosophy of nonviolence.

Share this:

Leave a comment cancel reply.

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

Fathers Of Nation Questions And Answers

1) Discuss the relevance of the Title ‘Fathers of Nations ‘by Paul B.Vitta (20 marks) 

2) Effective leadership guarantees its people security and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, discuss the irony of this statement basing your arguments on the novel fathers of nation by Paul B, Vitta (20 marks) 

3) Change implies making either an essential difference often amounting to a loss of original identity or a substitution of one thing for another. Discuss the validity of this statement drawing examples from fathers of nation by Paul B Vitta (20 marks) 

4) Discuss the theme of Betrayal as brought out in the novel fathers of nations by Paul B. Vitta(20 marks) 

5) The novel ‘Fathers of nation’ by Paul B. vitta exposes a number of incidents of conflict or disagreement. Write a composition in  support of this statement (20 marks)   

6) Discuss the following themes as depicted in the novel   

a) Loss and Pain(20 marks)   

b) Marriage and Family(20 marks)   

c) Moral Decay/Decadence(20 marks)   

d) Corruption/Dishonesty (20 marks)   

e) Religion/Religiosity Piety(20 marks)   

f) Poverty/destitution (20 marks)   

7) "Change is inevitable in any society." Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write an essay to justify this statement. (20 marks) 

8) "Despite the obvious human weaknesses, Abiola is an adorable man." Making close reference to the novel, Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write a composition to validate this statement. (20 marks) 

9) "Alienation is not only painful but also stigmatizing." Using Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta for your illustrations, write an essay to show the truth of this assertion. (20marks) 

10) "Conflict and society are inseparable." Using Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta for illustrations, write a composition to validate this statement. (20 marks) 

11) "Life is full of ironies." Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write an essay to justify this statement. (20 marks) 

12) "Betrayal pervades every level of the society." Basing your illustrations on Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write a composition to show the truth of this assertion. (20 marks) 

13) The death of a beloved one can cause intense response. Basing your argument Paul Vita’s Fathers Nations, discuss this statement. (20 Marks) 

14) Write an essay on the disputes that arise in the novel Fathers of Nations and how each is resolved (20 marks) 

15) Identify and illustrate any stylistic devices Paul B. Vita has used to tell the story in Fathers of Nations. (20 marks) 

16) Write an essay on the disputes that arise in the novel Fathers of   Nations and how each is resolved. (20 marks) 

17) A person controlled by a desire for power has no sense of justice. Drawing your illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta write an essay supporting this statement. (20 marks) 

18) Money and desire can change an individual. Basing your illustrations on Paul Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to back up this statement. (20 marks)   

19) Betrayal causes pain and strain in society. Using illustrations from Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to validate this statement. (20 marks) 

20) Professor Kimani and Dr. Afolabi are portrayed as voices of reason   in Fathers of Nations. Basing your illustrations on Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to validate this assertion." (20 marks)   

21) Rejection can be a source of agony both to ourselves and society. Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations, write an essay in support of this statement. (20 marks) 

22) Cultures can disintegrate families. Using the marriage of Dr Afolabi and Pamela in Fathers of Nations, write an essay on how bad cultures are to marriages.(20 marks).   

23) Show how the author has brought out the theme of poverty and underdevelopment in Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta. (20 marks) 

24) Discuss the character traits of each of the following as illustrated in Fathers of Nations by Paul B.Vitta. 

a) Karanja Kimani   

b) Comrade Ngobile Melusi 

c) Pastor Chineke Chiamaka 

d) Dr.Abiola Afolabi

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks)

When all four were back at their seats, the Chair began to wrap up."Excellencies, we've come to the  end of our summit." He smiled, and why not? Had The Trick not saved the day? Had it not  eliminated the need for the consensus he could not achieve? "Go back home safely, Excellencies.  

As we say in my country, travel like lions, without fear of attack or worry about supper. And,  

speaking about supper, the Pinnacle informs me that, to cap our summit, it has organised a closing ceremony on the mezzanine floor. Things will start sizzling in thirty minutes. So we'll meet there soon." Gavel hit wood.Bang. "I now declare the summit itself formally closed." Bang. Bang. President Dibonso sprang to hit feet at once. "Mr Chairman, don't insult our intelligence withthat rubbish." His voice was grating on all ears with tones of rage. "What rubbish are you referring to? President Dibonso?" asked the Chair. He was rising tothe challenge. "The Choice Matrix indeed! Do you really expect us to buy into that madness? Can't you seethat some of us are not senile? We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel." "I said the summit stands closed," insisted the Chair. Bang. Bang."And I say it is open again," retorted President Dibonso. 

"But, President Dibonso, you do not have the power to do so." "Who says I do not have the power to do so? See this?" He pulled out a pistol, pocket-size.The other heads of state scrambled to hide under their desks. "President Dibonso, put that thing away!" demanded the Chair."Make me!" retorted President Dibonso, The pistol clicked, It was ready to start spitting fire at the Chaire. 

QUESTIONS  

a)  Briefly explain what happens just before the excerpt.  (4 marks)  b)  Identify and illustrate two-character traits of the Summit Chair and one of PresidentDibonso.  (6 marks) 

c)  What two themes come out in the excerpt?  (4 marks)  d)  (i) We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel. (Write beginning with "Lock ") (1mark)  e)  Discuss two stylistic devices used in the excerpt.  (4 marks)  f)  I said the summit is closed. ( Rewrite using a question tag) (1 mark) 

g)  Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt.  (3 marks)  i.  Consensus 

ii.  cap 

iii.  sizzling 

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks)   Professor Kimani joined the University of Nairobi directly as a senior lecturer. Even before taking off, he was already flying. There was a reason. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda had justdismantled théir University of East Africa. Kenya's part of the university, now renamed  the University of Nairobi, found itself with a vacancy it had to fill immediately in its  Institute of Development Studies. 

Professor Kimani, who had just completed his studies at the University of Oxford, wrote from there to say he wanted to fill it. To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer. 

He came. Only a month after his arrival, he launched a noisy debate in which he demanded that the University of Nairobi henceforth strive for relevance to the society rather than simplyexcellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevance to the  society rather than simply excellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevanceto the society. However, a short six months later, he prevailed. The university's  official mottobecame, 'Relevance to the society'. 

After winning this war, he started another war which was even noisier. Now he wanted the university to be an agent of change, not a mere spectator of it. This was when people still thought this view was too radical and ridiculed it as simple- minded. So, not surprising, someof his colleagues, puzzled by his refusal to see that it was simple-minded, did or said  

little, convinced that he would fall on his face before long and self-destruct on his own  

without their help. 

He did not care. After all, his antics in wars that he had started, and won, had also won him the heart of a campus beauty queen. Her name was Asiya Omondi. He married her on a rainy but approving Saturday, to claps of thunder and flashes of lightning. How marriage then accelerated academic success! A professorship soon followed. After that achievement, he feltfulfilled. His persona now was complete. Had anyone told him this happiness would  CONTACT 0756710486 FOR ANSWER S

one dayend as it did, he would have laughed himself upside down. 

a)  After Kimani fills a vacancy in University of Nairobi's Institute of Development Studies,he  demands for two changes at the university in quick succession. What are these changes?  (2 marks) 

b)  Identify and illustrate three characters traits of Kimani brought out in this excerpt.  (6marks)  c)  Discuss three themes raised in the excerpt.  (6 marks)  d)  (i) To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from  

that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer. (Write beginning with the mainclause).  (1 mark)  ii) His persona now was complete . (1 mark)  e)  Identify one stylistic device used in the excerpt.  (4 marks)  f)  Explain the meaning of the following words used in the excerpt.  (4 marks)  g)  The writer says, 'Had anyone told him this happiness would one day end as it did, hewould have laughed himself upside down." What later happened to Professor Kimaniin the text?  (2 marks) 

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks)  

"Tad," said the cranky passenger as he was settling down in economy class, in a seat next toDr  Afolabi's. "Tad Longway," he added. His voice, deep, lingered on like the boom of a bigdrum. He held up a card. Dr Afolabi took it. It said the man was a Director of Special Projects at the  

Agency for Governance and Development in Africa. "Pleased to meet you, Mr Longway," Dr  CONTACT 0756710486 FOR ANSWER S

Afolabisaid. "My name is Abiola Afolabi. I teach at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. " "You gave an excellent keynote the other day, Dr Afolabi," said the cranky passenger. Sparksof  earnestness were crossing his eyes, both crystal-green like toy marbles, confirming the compliment was sincere. "Your keynote address at the Foundation for Democratic Rule, I mean. It was brilliant." "I'm glad you liked it, Mr Longway," Dr Afolabi said. His voice had become warm. "Youwere there, then, Mr Longway?" 

"Yes, but back in the last row. As a mere spectator, I did not want to be obtrusive. Anyway, you were superb, Dr Afolabi. If you don't mind my adding this, I was more impressed by thepoints that the audience raised afterwards, during the question-and-answer period. " 

Dr Afolabi felt the praise he had just heard turn into reproach. "So what were those points,Mr Longway?" he asked. His voice was less warm. "Remember the guy from Grassroots International: short fellow, round of body andoutspoken of manner? What was his name? It's on the tip of my tongue." 

You must mean the fire-eater who kept accusing me of looking for answers where I shouldnot even look," Dr Afolabi said. "Exactly, that's our man. Yes, I thought he was right on point, Dr Afolabi. He too wasunhappy with the present state." 

"Wait, the present state of what?" "Africa.""I don 't understand. " "No problem. I'll spell it out for you. You see, Dr Afolabi, Africa, in its present state, has twonew arrivals: corruption and  impunity. The first is a crime the Second protects from punishment, the second is another crime the first rewards with kickbacks. That is Africa in its presept state. Now can it change?" "Tell me. Can it?""Well, let's ask the Law of Will." '"' What?" 

"Unless there is will to change, there will be no change." 

(a) Briefly explain what happens before the excerpt.  (3 marks)  (b) Discuss one-character traits of Dr Afolabi and two of Mr Longway.  (6 marks)  (c)  Highlight two themes evident in the excerpt.  (4 marks) 

(d) (i) It's on the tip of my tongue. (Add a question tag)  (1 mark)  CONTACT 0756710 4 8 6   FOR ANSWER S

iii) Unless there is will to change, there will be no change. (Rewrite using "if ") (1mark)  (e)  Identify two stylistic devices used in the excerpt.  (4 marks)  (f)  (F) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions used in the excerpt. (4 marks) 

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks)   Cute as a button and sharp as a needle, he thought. Her eyes were wide and white like a pairof moons.  She continued. "My natural parents were Gambian, but I will never see them. aredead. Oh, well."  She wriggled in her chair. "Goodness me, what am I doing? Dictating my autobiography?" She  waved that idea away. "Let's talk business now, shall we?" She pulledout of her handbag a small device then switched it on. "Mind if I start recording?" 

"You're a reporter?" He had not thought she was."Yes, for the Gambian News." "I see. Now, how can I help you, Ms Mckenzie?""I'd like to ask you a few questions, if I may." "Yes, you may. In fact, why don't I start you off? My name is Abiola Afolabi, which you seem to 

know already. But you can just call me Abiola, my first name. Take it from there." "I will: you studied at Harvard University in the USA. Now you teach at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria." She smiled. "I got that from the cover of your book: Failure of States." Heaverted his  eyes to enjoy this fame in the correct manner— with humility, he hoped she would easily see through. This black Scotswoman surely knew her tread, he thought. 

"when I heard you were heard at The Seamount Hotel, Dr Afolabi, I decided to come and seeyou. So 

here I am. This is also funny." 

"Funny?" 

"Yes. I expected to see an academic scarecrow dressed in jeans. Instead, I see a well- dressedman who might well be a business person..." 

v)  Menacingly

a)  Explain what happens immediately g) Explain the meaning of the following before thisexcerpt.  (4 marks) 

b)  Identify and illustrate two aspects of style in this excerpt.  (4 marks)  c)  Discuss one theme evident in this excerpt.  (2 marks)  d)  Discuss two-character traits of Fiona in the excerpt.  (4 marks)  e)  Briefly explain what happens what happens after this excerpt.  (2 marks)  f)  How are Afolabi's thoughts in his book fulfilled later in the book? Briefly explain 

(4marks) 

g)  Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt.  (5 marks)  i)  Averted 

ii)  Autobiography 

iii)  Wriggled 

iv)  Tread 

• Atika School Social Groups and Forums
• Swalijibu News
• Swalijibu Education Resources
• Uncovering the History of Omogusii using Questions and Answers
• Academic Environment
• KNOWLEDGE CENTRE
• How its Done
• Educational Technology
• The Constitution of Kenya, 2010
• Atika School Short Stories for 7-12 Years Learners
• KNEC Portal
• Effective teaching
• ZERAKI HELP AND SUPPORT
• KNEC KCSE PROJECT INSTRUCTIONS
• JOBS IN KENYA AND ABROAD FOR KENYANS AND BEYOND
• MEDICAL ADVISORY
• Pricing and Membership
• GRADE 7 RESOURCES
• CBC EXAMS GRADE 5
• CBC EXAMS GRADE 6
• CBC PROFFESSIONAL TOOLS
• CBC KISWAHILI NOTES
• CBC KPSEA EXAMS
• KCSE Computer Studies Questions and Answers: Comprehensive Analysis and Resources
• KCSE Computer Studies Paper 2 and 3: Questions and Answers
• BUSINESS STUDIES QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
• KCSE AGRICULTURE TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• KCSE HOME SCIENCE DIRECT QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• KCSE Mathematics Topical Questions
• KCSE Biology Topical Questions and Answers
• CHEMISTRY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• KCSE Physics Topical Questions
• KCSE physics Practical Sample Quiz
• ATIKA SCHOOL - KCSE CRE Questions and Answers
• ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION (IRE) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• KCSE History Topical Questions and Answers
• GEOGRAPHY TOPICAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• FOCUS MATHEMATICS TUTORIALS AND EXAMS FREE
• KCSE BIOLOGY NOTES
• FREE KCSE CHEMISTRY NOTES
• KCSE PHYSICS NOTES, AUDIOVISUALS AND MORE
• Secondary English Questions and Answers
• Fathers of Nations: A Comprehensive Summary, Analysis, and Guide Book
• A GUIDE TO SILENT SONG AND OTHER STORIES
• ENGLISH POETRY QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS FOR K.C.S.E CANDIDATES
• KCSE English Grammar: A Comprehensive Guide for Students
• Bembea ya Maisha
• USHAIRI MASWALI NA MAJIBU
• KCSE Kiswahili Fasihi
• COMPUTER STUDIES NOTES LATEST
• HOME SCIENCE NOTES
• KCSE BUSINESS STUDIES NOTES
• KCSE AGRICULTURE NOTES, SYLLABUS, QUESTIONS, ANSWERS, SCHEMES OF WORK AND OTHERS
• KCSE History Notes Form 1 to 4
• FREE KCSE CRE NOTES
• KCSE GEOGRAPHY NOTES
• IRE NOTES, AUDIOVISUAL, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
• FORM 1 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
• FORM 2 QUESTION PAPERS, ANSWERS AND MARKING SCHEMES COLLECTIONS
• FORM 3 EXAMINATIONS, QUESTION PAPERS AND ANSWERS
• FORM 4 MOCKS PAST EXAMS BY REGION
• TOP SECONDARY EXAMS ALL SUBJECTS
• KPSEA NATIONAL EXAMS
• KCSE PAST PAPERS BY SUBJECT
• KNEC KCSE PAST PAPERS, MARKING SCHEMES, QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
• Free KCSE Past Papers Mathematics
• Free KCSE Biology Questions and Answers
• PRE PRIMARY ONE CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
• PRE PRIMARY TWO CURRICULUM WITH SYLLABUS
• KNEC KCSE SYLLABUS AND COURSE OUTLINES
• Regulations for the TIVET Craft and Diploma Business Examinations
• All Categories
• 8-4-4 RESOURCES
• Novels and Setbooks
• College Resources
• CBC NOTES AND TUTORIALS FOR MEMBERS
• 8-4-4 MEMBERS PRODUCTS
• 8-4-4 PORTAL

STUDY GUIDE, QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS OF THE FATHERS OF NATIONS

Fathers of Nation Possible KCSE Excerpts Questions and Answers-Excerpts 1-5

Get Excerpts 6-10 Here

Compilation of Possible Excerpts Based Questions Likely to be Examined in English Paper 2.

Possible kcse excerpt 1, read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks).

When all four were back at their seats, the Chair began to wrap up.”Excellencies, we’ve come to the end of our summit.” He smiled, and why not? Had The Trick not saved the day? Had it not eliminated the need for the consensus he could not achieve? “Go back home safely, Excellencies. As we say in my country, travel like lions, without fear of attack or worry about supper. And, speaking about supper, the Pinnacle informs me that, to cap our summit, it has organised a closing ceremony on the mezzanine floor. Things will start sizzling in thirty minutes. So we’ll meet there soon.” Gavel hit wood.Bang. “I now declare the summit itself formally closed.” Bang. Bang. President Dibonso sprang to hit feet at once. “Mr Chairman, don’t insult our intelligence withthat rubbish.” His voice was grating on all ears with tones of rage. “What rubbish are you referring to? President Dibonso?” asked the Chair. He was rising tothe challenge. “The Choice Matrix indeed! Do you really expect us to buy into that madness? Can’t you seethat some of us are not senile? We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel.” “I said the summit stands closed,” insisted the Chair. Bang. Bang.”And I say it is open again,” retorted President Dibonso.

“But, President Dibonso, you do not have the power to do so.” “Who says I do not have the power to do so? See this?” He pulled out a pistol, pocket-size.The other heads of state scrambled to hide under their desks. “President Dibonso, put that thing away!” demanded the Chair.”Make me!” retorted President Dibonso, The pistol clicked, It was ready to start spitting fire at the Chaire.

• Briefly explain what happens just before the excerpt.                                               (4 marks)
• Identify and illustrate two-character traits of the Summit Chair and one of PresidentDibonso.
• What two themes come out in the excerpt?                                                                 (4 marks)
• (i) We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel. (Write beginning with “Lock “) (1mark)
• Discuss two stylistic devices used in the excerpt.                                                      (4 marks)
• I said the summit is closed. ( Rewrite using a question tag)                                   (1 mark)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 2

Professor Kimani joined the University of Nairobi directly as a senior lecturer. Even before taking off, he was already flying. There was a reason. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda had justdismantled théir University of East Africa. Kenya’s part of the university, now renamed the University of Nairobi, found itself with a vacancy it had to fill immediately in its Institute of Development Studies.

Professor Kimani, who had just completed his studies at the University of Oxford, wrote from there to say he wanted to fill it. To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer.

He came. Only a month after his arrival, he launched a noisy debate in which he demanded that the University of Nairobi henceforth strive for relevance to the society rather than simplyexcellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevance to the society rather than simply excellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevanceto the society. However, a short six months later, he prevailed. The university’s official mottobecame, ‘Relevance to the society’.

After winning this war, he started another war which was even noisier. Now he wanted the university to be an agent of change, not a mere spectator of it. This was when people still thought this view was too radical and ridiculed it as simple- minded. So, not surprising, someof his colleagues, puzzled by his refusal to see that it was simple-minded, did or said little, convinced that he would fall on his face before long and self-destruct on his own

without their help.

He did not care. After all, his antics in wars that he had started, and won, had also won him the heart of a campus beauty queen. Her name was Asiya Omondi. He married her on a rainy but approving Saturday, to claps of thunder and flashes of lightning. How marriage then accelerated academic success! A professorship soon followed. After that achievement, he feltfulfilled. His persona now was complete. Had anyone told him this happiness would one dayend as it did, he would have laughed himself upside down.

• After Kimani fills a vacancy in University of Nairobi’s Institute of Development Studies,he demands for two changes at the university in quick succession. What are these changes?
• Identify and illustrate three characters traits of Kimani brought out in this excerpt.  (6marks)
• Discuss three themes raised in the excerpt.                                                                  (6 marks)
• (i) To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer. (Write beginning with the mainclause). (1 mark)

ii) His persona now was complete .                                                                                       (1 mark)

• Identify one stylistic device used in the excerpt.                                                         (4 marks)
• Explain the meaning of the following words used in the excerpt.                              (4 marks)
• The writer says, ‘Had anyone told him this happiness would one day end as it did, hewould have laughed himself upside down.” What later happened to Professor Kimaniin the text? (2 marks)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 3

Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks)

“Tad,” said the cranky passenger as he was settling down in economy class, in a seat next toDr Afolabi’s. “Tad Longway,” he added. His voice, deep, lingered on like the boom of a bigdrum. He held up a card. Dr Afolabi took it. It said the man was a Director of Special Projects at the Agency for Governance and Development in Africa. “Pleased to meet you, Mr Longway,” Dr Afolabisaid. “My name is Abiola Afolabi. I teach at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. “

“You gave an excellent keynote the other day, Dr Afolabi,” said the cranky passenger. Sparksof earnestness were crossing his eyes, both crystal-green like toy marbles, confirming the compliment was sincere. “Your keynote address at the Foundation for Democratic Rule, I mean. It was brilliant.” “I’m glad you liked it, Mr Longway,” Dr Afolabi said. His voice had become warm. “Youwere there, then, Mr Longway?”

“Yes, but back in the last row. As a mere spectator, I did not want to be obtrusive. Anyway, you were superb, Dr Afolabi. If you don’t mind my adding this, I was more impressed by thepoints that the audience raised afterwards, during the question-and-answer period. “

Dr Afolabi felt the praise he had just heard turn into reproach. “So what were those points,Mr Longway?” he asked. His voice was less warm. “Remember the guy from Grassroots International: short fellow, round of body andoutspoken of manner? What was his name? It’s on the tip of my tongue.”

You must mean the fire-eater who kept accusing me of looking for answers where I shouldnot even look,” Dr Afolabi said. “Exactly, that’s our man. Yes, I thought he was right on point, Dr Afolabi. He too wasunhappy with the present state.”

“Wait, the present state of what?” “Africa.””I don ‘t understand. ” “No problem. I’ll spell it out for you. You see, Dr Afolabi, Africa, in its present state, has twonew arrivals: corruption and impunity. The first is a crime the Second protects from punishment, the second is another crime the first rewards with kickbacks. That is Africa in its presept state. Now can it change?”

“Tell me. Can it?””Well, let’s ask the Law of Will.” ‘”‘ What?” “Unless there is will to change, there will be no change.”

• Briefly explain what happens before the excerpt.                                                        (3 marks)
• Discuss one-character traits of Dr Afolabi and two of Mr Longway.                        (6 marks)
• Highlight two themes evident in the excerpt.                                                               (4 marks)
• (i) It’s on the tip of my tongue. (Add a question tag)                                                   (1 mark)

iii) Unless there is will to change, there will be no change. (Rewrite using “if “)           (1mark)

• Identify two stylistic devices used in the excerpt.                                                       (4 marks)
• (F) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 4

Cute as a button and sharp as a needle, he thought. Her eyes were wide and white like a pairof moons. She continued. “My natural parents were Gambian, but I will never see them. aredead. Oh, well.” She wriggled in her chair. “Goodness me, what am I doing? Dictating my autobiography?” She waved that idea away. “Let’s talk business now, shall we?” She pulledout of her handbag a small device then switched it on. “Mind if I start recording?”

“You’re a reporter?” He had not thought she was.”Yes, for the Gambian News.”

“I see. Now, how can I help you, Ms Mckenzie?””I’d like to ask you a few questions, if I may.” “Yes, you may. In fact, why don’t I start you off? My name is Abiola Afolabi, which you seem to

know already. But you can just call me Abiola, my first name. Take it from there.”

“I will: you studied at Harvard University in the USA. Now you teach at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria.” She smiled. “I got that from the cover of your book: Failure of States.” Heaverted his eyes to enjoy this fame in the correct manner— with humility, he hoped she would easily see through. This black Scotswoman surely knew her tread, he thought.

“when I heard you were heard at The Seamount Hotel, Dr Afolabi, I decided to come and seeyou. So

here I am. This is also funny.” “Funny?”

“Yes. I expected to see an academic scarecrow dressed in jeans. Instead, I see a well- dressedman who might well be a business person…”

• Explain what happens immediately g) Explain the meaning of the following before thisexcerpt.
• Identify and illustrate two aspects of style in this excerpt.                                         (4 marks)
• Discuss one theme evident in this excerpt.                                                                   (2 marks)
• Discuss two-character traits of Fiona in the excerpt.                                                   (4 marks)
• Briefly explain what happens what happens after this excerpt.                                  (2 marks)
• How are Afolabi’s thoughts in his book fulfilled later in the book? Briefly explain
• Autobiography

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 5

“Why do you want to steal my wife?””The word I used is ‘marry’. You prefer ‘steal’?””What good is she to you?” Kimani cursed himself for that wording: he had degraded notonly his wife but also himself, and in the same breath, upgraded his foe.”What good is she to me? Because she is much older than I am? — is that what you mean?Then hear my answer. Old is gold.”Mr Walomu’s opponents had a different answer: ‘ ‘When a cat gets into a pigeon coop,” theysaid, “it kills all the pigeons it finds there, not just those it will eat”.

Mr Walomu had already eaten three pigeons and now had in his paws a fourth: Asiya. Strewnalong his path, lay many others he had killed but not eaten. So who could say for sure that,months hence, Asiya would not become one of these?Mr Walomu’s opponents continued. “As for what you call ‘stealing’, a professor in Texassaysthat lots of people do it. He threw in a Swahili to support his claim.

“Na hivyo ndivyo ilivyo.” To help it along, he gave an appropriate English equivalent. “Andthat’s how the cookie crumbles.”That was mockery Professor Kimani felt had to reject. “You have three beautiful wives,” hebegan. This was a silly start, as even he realised. Had he not sounded like an envious loser?Nonetheless, he went on. “All of them are young.””And young they’ll still be the day I die,” Walomu added.”Karanja, you know the saying: ‘A real bull dies with green grass in its mouth’ .”

• Identify and illustrate two-character traits of Walomu in the excerpt .                       (4 marks)
• Then hear my answer. (Add a question tag )                                                                  (1 mark).
• Discuss two themes raised in the excerpt.                                                                    (4 marks)
• Identify and illustrate three stylistic devices used in the excerpt.                              (6 marks)
• To help it along, he gave an approximate English equivalent. (Rewrite beginning withthe main clause)                                                                                                                               (1 mark).

Download More Revision Questions and Answers in pdf:

• Excerpts 6-10 Fathers of Nation Possible KCSE…
• EXCERPTS FROM A DOLL’S HOUSE KCSE REVISION QUESTIONS…
• EXCERPTS FROM A DOLL’S HOUSE KCSE REVISION…
• KCSE Prediction Essays on Fathers of Nations Set Book
• IRE KCSE Questions and Answers
• CRE KCSE Prediction Questions and Answers-pp2

OR MPESA BuyGoods Till: 858 39 54

Contact 0726568677 || 0728407013

Clicking "Pay Now" is better and automatic

• Privacy Policy
• Terms and Conditions

• Oral Skills
• Literary Texts
• _Compulsory Texts
• __Fathers of Nations
• _Optional Texts
• __A Silent Song and Other Stories
• __An Artist of the Floating World

Fathers of Nations Sample Essay Questions and Answers

1. write an essay using examples from paul b. vitta's fathers of nations to demonstrate how revenge only makes things worse..

We occasionally suffer at the hands of others. We usually feel compelled to avenge or retaliate. Seeking vengeance, on the other hand, causes additional suffering or anguish, as in the example of Professor Kimani and Engineer Tahir in Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations .

To begin with, when Professor Kimani's wife abandons him for a rogue member of parliament, he pursues vengeance but ends up in even more anguish. Professor Kimani's career as a revolutionary educator begins when he accepts a position as a high-flying senior lecturer at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi. In addition, he marries Asiya Omondi, a campus beauty. This was before he became a professor. When Walomu steals his wife, his problems begin. When Asiya informs him that she is leaving him for Walomu, he wonders if it is for financial reasons. Professors used to earn more than MPs. MPs now earn hundreds of times more and are not required to pay taxes, a legal coup. As a result of the recession, Professor Kimani is cash-strapped. He eats at a low-end restaurant, and his car breaks down once again and he plans fix it when he earns his next paycheck an indication of hard financial times he is facing. Asiya humiliates him by urging him to leave teaching to pursue politics like Newton Walomu, who now owns four cars in comparison to Kimani, who only has a dying old Toyota. It breaks the professor's heart that he lost his wife to a loud fellow and former junior colleague. After his daughter Tuni's death, Asiya despises Professor Kimani, and her resentment and depression lead to her choice to break their thirty-year marriage. She mocks him by suggesting that Tuni would still be alive if Professor Kimani possessed a real car.  He merely defends himself, stating Tuni did not perish in their car. Asiya Omondi is sixty years old when she decides to leave him after thirty years in marriage with professor Kimani. Pushed by a desire to revenge Kimani visits Walomu's office. He insults the MP and even attempts to physically assault him. Kimani is in even more pain as a result of the lack of closure. Walomu humiliates him by providing "wife-stealing" figures from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Greece. He also boasts about his three beautiful wives, making Kimani appear to be a green-eyed sore loser.Professor Kimani desire to seek revenge leads to beening imprisoned for six months for assaulting a member of parliament, in addition to this humiliation. For tarnishing the university's image, he is also demoted from professor to senior lecturer which are all as a result of trying to seek revenge. Tuni's death, Asiya's abandonment, and the institution's abuse all put him to the test. These three setbacks harden into resentment. He is exhausted from not getting enough sleep following his prison sentence. He even decides to leave his job as a teacher, which he had planned to do for the rest of his life. Seeking vengeance will almost certainly cause more harm than good and add salt to the wound.

In addition, in an attempt to revenge his wife Ziliza, Comrade Melusi Ngobile attempts to assassinate Zimbabwe's president but is humiliated and carried away by security personnel. Zimbabwe's ruler conducts numerous atrocities against Melusi and his Ndebele tribesmen, but the loss of his beloved wife is the most painful. First, the incoming ruler refuses to appoint comrade Melusi as minister merely on the basis of ethnicity. He is Shona, but Melusi is Ndebele, and hence a potential adversary. In addition, he fires the leader of Melusi's gang for allegedly crafting a coup. The government responds harshly to anti-government protests that arise in the aftermath of this dismissal. The 5th brigade "Gukurahundi" unleashes unimaginable terror on the Ndebele insurgents, killing a large number of civilians, including Ziliza, Melusi's wife. They strangled her and sprawled her on the kitchen floor as if in mockery, her eyes staring deathly. The new ruler's hatred towards the Ndebele is a story of treachery, as both tribes fought as partners against Smith, the colonial master. On top of that, the ruler employs "Murambatsvina" to force the urban poor to leave the slums without warning or alternate accommodation. They spit Comrade Melusi out after chewing him up. He fantasises about his wife, who has been dead for 20 years, yet his hatred remains. In a photograph, she beseeches him to revenge her murder. He executes a weak salute while standing at attention and swears that he will avenge her murder. When he tries to carry out his plan of vengeance the next day, the hawk-eyed security officers at the summit seize him by the collar before he can strike the offending president - his arch nemesis. Then he is brazenly whisked away. He does not reappear when the gathering reconvenes. Revenge can be a futile endeavour that aggravates rather than alleviates the victim's grief.

Thirdly, when Engineer Seif Tahir is rejected by a junior female coworker, he becomes enraged and decides to avenge. This vengeance does not bring him peace rather he becomes much more agitated. It is only causing him misery. Tahir falls in love with Rahma, an Arabic word that means "very kind." She has huge eyes and a beautiful smile. She is stunning. Rahma is a million miles younger than Tahir. Tahir is at a disadvantage because of the rank differential. This is because he cannot bear the humiliation of being rejected by a junior colleague. Tahir regrets obsequiously saying “Sabah Kher” and quickly invites Rahma for tomato soup assertively. Being  a Wednesday he proposes a tomato soup date over the weekend and gives the lady four days notice. She doesn't say anything, yet her large eyes gleam brightly. She also gives him a huge smile that shows off her beautiful white teeth and enormous purple gums. Tahir detects a dimple on her left cheek as well. In accordance with Libyan tradition, she wears a head veil. Tahir recommends they get together on Saturday. She says no. A sweet not to conceal her eagerness to accept the tomato soup offer. A Libyan woman's eagerness to say yes would be inappropriate. Tahir misidentifies the sweet deceitful no as a nasty no. He can't take the rude rejection any longer. In a rage, he storms back to his office, vowing to pay back. And he exacts his retribution. He slaps Rahma during "Heritage Week" when she removes her head cover, which interferes with her laboratory job. He does it ostensibly to punish a female coworker who has violated the culture, but in reality he does it out of anger and humiliation at rejection. Rahma responds without thinking by striking back with a letter opener making Tahir loses his left eye. He spends a month in the hospital and is bitter and resentful when he is released. Pursuant to the "an eye for an eye" Hammurabic ruling, he wins the lawsuit and Rahma loses her eye. Instead of delight, Tahir is filled with persistent sadness and self-hatred as a result of his vengeful win. The agony is made worse by the fake eye that conceals the hole in his face. He descends into profound depression and flees Tripoli for Benghazi in order to escape nagging friends who try to talk him out of his sorrow. Indeed, vengeance only adds to the suffering rather than alleviating it.

Lastly, Rahma regrets striking back after Tahir hits her. Her immediate vengeance has far-reaching ramifications, as she discovers when the Hammurabic verdict goes against her. Rahma is Engineer Tahir’s junior colleague. When he approaches her and offers to take her out on a date, she hides her eagerness to say yes beneath layers of coyness. She simply smiles at him, her huge eyes shining brightly, but she says nothing. She answers no when he insists. But she really means it. He was required to fill in the blanks. He takes her sweet no for a nasty no and vows vengeance. He slaps Rahma as she takes her head veil off for work. Rahma does not pause to consider her next course of action. Instead of restraint, she strikes back. In her rage, she is unable to reason sensibly. She reacts instinctively after being struck initially. She fails to contemplate the long-term effects. Turning the other cheek would have been a better response, wouldn’t it? Using a letter opener, she splits engineer Tahir's left eye open. He spends a month in the hospital and returns furious and vengeful, taking her to court the following day. He claims he hit her to prevent her from mimicking Americans and dishonouring Libya. In her defence, she claims that she was temporarily insane due to tremendous provocation. When the court issues a Hammurabi verdict of "an eye for an eye," she regrets her rash deed of retribution. She sobs, but the court is unmoved. She had surgery to remove her left eye. Rahma's thirst for vengeance ultimately brings her greater misery.

In conclusion, getting even with someone else may make a bad situation even worse. Professor Kimani, Engineer Tahir, comrade Melusi, and Rahma go from one extreme to the other as they pursue their quest for vengeance.

2. Despite having gained Independence, Many African   nations still grapple with Neo - colonialism which  adversely affects lives. Justify this assertion with   illustration from Father's of Nations by John Lara  ( 20 marks )

 Leaving of white man who was a colonialist paved way  for Africa to be colonized by its own people who took advantage of their positions of power to mistreat the masses. After Independence , Africans decide to govern themselves putting into leadership the people they trust   who can govern them better and bring change after tough times during colonial period. Their dreams do not come true as the very leaders turn their back on them and become " black Europeans" . This is evident in Father's of Nations by John Lara.

Comrade Melusi confesses to Mr Longway that there is no freedom, no work no unity as the new leader applies the  tactic of divide and rule. African leaders  does not discuss serious issues. They portray as individuals who lack etiquette and turn taking skills, hecklers and uncivilized. Like illiterates they shout at each other instead of breaking grounds on how to understand each other and discuss effectively.

New colonialism has brought with it many other evils, political assassination. The author paints a picture of a continent where leadership is a matter of life and death and no longer a calling. They deep their feet into leadership with hidden motives. They get to power by all means and campaigns and political ventures including killing fellow killing fellow contestants

Mp Newborn Walomu, a former junior lecturer in realizing that ignorance and education is valued and rewarded in Kenya, he dives into politics with his whole body and starts by committing atrocities to ascend to power.During the by election campaigns, Walomu use gunmen who could have been better than him This organized crimes are rampant in most African states as leaders will do anything within their powers to stay in leadership. Neo -colonialism bred rampant coups in various states in 

Africa as leaders turned doctors.Only their voices were to be heard. With their insatiable thirst for power, African leaders go to greater heights at the expense of their nations to grasp power. Armies are at their disposal and they use them for their selfish gains.

Indeed, new colonialism comes with many adverse effects in the masses.

Post a Comment

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah – Father of Nation

Father of the Nation Quaid-i-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah’s achievement as the founder of Pakistan, dominates everything else he did in his long and crowded public life spanning some 42 years. Yet, by any standard, his was an eventful life, his personality multidimensional and his achievements in other fields were many, if not equally great.

Indeed, several were the roles he had played with distinction: at one time or another, he was one of the greatest legal luminaries India had produced during the first half of the century, an `ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity, a great onstitutionalist, a distinguished parliamentarian, a top-notch politician, an indefatigable freedom-fighter, a dynamic Muslim leader, a political strategist and, above all one of the great nation-builders of modern times.

What, however, makes him so remarkable is the fact that while similar other leaders assumed the leadership of traditionally well-defined nations and espoused their cause, or led them to freedom, he created a nation out of an inchoate and down-trodeen minority and established a cultural and national home for it. And all that within a decase. For over three decades before he successful culmination in 1947, of the Muslim struggle for freedom in the South-Asian subcontinent, Jinnah had provided political leadership to the Indian Muslims: initially as one of the leaders, but later, since 1947, as the only prominent leader- the Quaid-i-Azam.

For over thirty years, he had guided their affairs; he had given expression, coherence and direction to their ligitimate aspirations and cherished dreams; he had formulated these into concerete demands; and, above all, he had striven all the while to get them conceded by both the ruling British and the numerous Hindus the ominant segment of India’s population. And for over thirty years he had fought, relentlessly and inexorably, for the inherent rights of the Muslims for an honourable existence in the subcontinent.

Indeed, his life story constitutes, as it were, the story of the rebirth of the Muslims of the subcontinent and their spectacular rise to nationhood, phoenixlike. Early Life Born on December 25, 1876, in a prominent mercantile family in Karachi and educated at the Sindh Madrassat-ul-Islam and the Christian Mission School at his birth place,Jinnah joined the Lincoln’s Inn in 1893 to become the oungest Indian to be called to the Bar, three years later.

Starting out in the legal profession withknothing to fall back upon except his native ability and determination, young Jinnah rose to prominence and became Bombay’s most successful lawyer, as few did, within a few years. Once he was firmly established in the legal profession, Jinnah formally entered politics in 1905 from the platform of the Indian National Congress. He went to England in that year alongwith Gopal Krishna Gokhale (1866-1915), as a member of a Congress delegation to plead the cause of Indian self- overnemnt during the British elections.

A year later, he served as Secretary to Dadabhai Noaroji(1825-1917), the then Indian National Congress President, which was considered a great honour for a budding politician. Here, at the Calcutta Congress session (December 1906), he also made his first political speech in support of the resolution on self-government. Political Career Three years later, in January 1910, Jinnah was elected to the newly- constituted Imperial Legislative Council. All through his parliamentary career, which spanned some four decades, he was probably the most powerful oice in the cause of Indian freedom and Indian rights.

Jinnah, who was also the first Indian to pilot a private member’s Bill through the Council, soon became a leader of a group inside the legislature. Mr. Montagu (1879- 1924), Secretary of State for India, at the close of the First World War, considered Jinnah “perfect mannered, impressive-looking, armed to the teeth with dialecties… “Jinnah, he felt, “is a very clever man, and it is, of course, an outrage that such a man should have no chance of running the affairs of his own country. ” For about three decades since his entry into politics in 1906, Jinnah assionately believed in and assiduously worked for Hindu-Muslim unity.

Gokhale, the foremost Hindu leader before Gandhi, had once said of him, “He has the true stuff in him and that freedom from all sectarian prejudice which will make him the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim Unity: And, to be sure, he did become the architect of Hindu-Muslim Unity: he was responsible for the Congress-League Pact of 1916, known popularly as Lucknow Pact- the only pact ever signed between the two political organisations, the Congress and the All-India Muslim League, representing, as they did, the two major ommunities in the subcontinent.

The Congress-League scheme embodied in this pact was to become the basis for the Montagu-Chemlsford Reforms, also known as the Act of 1919. In retrospect, the Lucknow Pact represented a milestone in the evolution of Indian politics. For one thing, it conceded Muslims the right to separate electorate, reservation of seats in the legislatures and weightage in representation both at the Centre and the minority provinces. Thus, their retention was ensured in the next phase of reforms.

For another, it represented a tacit recognition of the All-India Muslim League as the epresentative organisation of the Muslims, thus strengthening the trend towards Muslim individuality in Indian politics. And to Jinnah goes the credit for all this. Thus, by 1917, Jinnah came to be recognised among both Hindus and Muslims as one of India’s most outstanding political leaders. Not only was he prominent in the Congress and the Imperial Legislative Council, he was also the President of the All-India Muslim and that of lthe Bombay Branch of the Home Rule League.

More important, because of his key- role in the Congress-League entente at Lucknow, he was hailed as the mbassador, as well as the embodiment, of Hindu-Muslim unity. Constitutional Struggle In subsequent years, however, he felt dismayed at the injection of violence into politics. Since Jinnah stood for “ordered progress”, moderation, gradualism and constitutionalism, he felt that political terrorism was not the pathway to national liberation but, the dark alley to disaster and destruction.

Hence, the constitutionalist Jinnah could not possibly, countenance Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’s novel methods of Satyagrah (civil disobedience) and the triple boycott of government-aided schools and olleges, courts and councils and British textiles. Earlier, in October 1920, when Gandhi, having been elected President of the Home Rule League, sought to change its constitution as well as its nomenclature, Jinnah had resigned from the Home Rule League, saying: “Your extreme programme has for the moment struck the imagination mostly of the inexperienced youth and the ignorant and the illiterate.

All this means disorganisation and choas”. Jinnah did not believe that ends justified the means. In the ever-growing frustration among the masses caused by colonial rule, there was ample cause for extremism. But, Gandhi’s doctrine of non- cooperation, Jinnah felt, even as Rabindranath Tagore(1861-1941) did also feel, was at best one of negation and despair: it might lead to the building up of resentment, but nothing constructive. Hence, he opposed tooth and nail the tactics adopted by Gandhi to exploit the Khilafat and wrongful tactics in the Punjab in the early twenties.

On the eve of its adoption of the Gandhian programme, Jinnah warned the Nagpur Congress Session (1920): “you are making a declaration (of Swaraj within a year) and committing the Indian National Congress to a programme, which you will not e able to carry out”. He felt that there was no short-cut to independence and that Gandhi’s extra-constitutional methods could only lead to political terrorism, lawlessness and chaos, without bringing India nearer to the threshold of freedom. The future course of events was not only to confirm Jinnah’s worst fears, but also to prove him right.

Although Jinnah left the Congress soon thereafter, he continued his efforts towards bringing about a Hindu-Muslim entente, which he rightly considered “the most vital condition of Swaraj”. However, because of the deep distrust between the two communities as videnced by the country-wide communal riots, and because the Hindus failed to meet the genuine demands of the Muslims, his efforts came to naught. One such effort was the formulation of the Delhi Muslim Proposals in March, 1927.

In order to bridge Hindu-Muslim differences on the constitutional plan, these proposals even waived the Muslim right to separate electorate, the most basic Muslim demand since 1906, which though recognised by the congress in the Lucknow Pact, had again become a source of friction between the two communities. surprisingly though, the Nehru Report (1928), which epresented the Congress-sponsored proposals for the future constitution of India, negated the minimum Muslim demands embodied in the Delhi Muslim Proposals.

In vain did Jinnah argue at the National convention (1928): “What we want is that Hindus and Mussalmans should march together until our object is achieved… These two communities have got to be reconciled and united and made to feel that their interests are common”. The Convention’s blank refusal to accept Muslim demands represented the most devastating setback to Jinnah’s life-long efforts to bring about Hindu-Muslim unity, it meant the last straw” for the Muslims, and “the parting of the ways” for him, as he confessed to a Parsee friend at that time.

Jinnah’s disillusionment at the course of politics in the subcontinent prompted him to migrate and settle down in London in the early thirties. He was, however, to return to India in 1934, at the pleadings of his co-religionists, and assume their leadership. But, the Muslims presented a sad spectacle at that time. They were a mass of disgruntled and demoralised men and women, politically disorganised and destitute of a clear-cut political programme.

More Essays

• How Did Gandhi Influence Society Essay
• One Nation One People One Culture
• A Realist’s Look at Our Nation’s Founding
• Indias Culture
• How Did The British Caste System Change Indian Culture Essay
• Joseph Mazzini’s Definition Of A Nation Essay
• The Last Founding Father Summary Essay
• Malcolm X – one of the most influential black American leaders
• Mercantilism Helped To Shape The American Nation
• Islam Dbq Analysis Research Paper

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Environment
• Information Science
• Social Issues
• Argumentative
• Cause and Effect
• Classification
• Compare and Contrast
• Descriptive
• Exemplification
• Informative
• Controversial
• Exploratory
• What Is an Essay
• Length of an Essay
• Generate Ideas
• Types of Essays
• Structuring an Essay
• Outline For Essay
• Essay Introduction
• Thesis Statement
• Body of an Essay
• Writing a Conclusion
• Essay Writing Tips
• Drafting an Essay
• Revision Process
• Fix a Broken Essay
• Format of an Essay
• Essay Examples
• Essay Checklist
• Essay Writing Service
• Pay for Research Paper
• Write My Research Paper
• Write My Essay
• Custom Essay Writing Service
• Admission Essay Writing Service
• Pay for Essay
• Academic Ghostwriting
• Write My Book Report
• Case Study Writing Service
• Dissertation Writing Service
• Coursework Writing Service
• Lab Report Writing Service
• Do My Assignment
• Buy College Papers
• Capstone Project Writing Service
• Buy Research Paper
• Custom Essays for Sale

Can’t find a perfect paper?

• Free Essay Samples

Quaid-e-Azam: The Father of the Nation

Updated 06 April 2023

Downloads 62

Category Law

Topic Quaid E Azam

Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah: The Father of the Nation

Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, also known as the Father of the Nation, is one of the most prominent figures in the history of Pakistan. He was born on December 25, 1876, in Karachi, and went on to become a lawyer, politician, and leader of the Muslim League. In this essay, we will explore the life and legacy of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah.

Jinnah was the eldest of seven children and grew up in a wealthy family. He received his early education in Karachi and later went to London to study law. He was called to the Bar in 1896 and returned to India to practice law. He quickly became involved in politics, joining the Indian National Congress in 1906. However, he soon became disillusioned with the Congress and its leadership, which he felt did not adequately represent the interests of Muslims in India.

Leadership of the Muslim League

In 1913, Jinnah joined the All India Muslim League and became its leader in 1916. He saw the Muslim League as a vehicle for promoting the interests of Muslims in India and advocating for a separate Muslim state. Jinnah became known for his passionate speeches and tireless advocacy on behalf of Muslims in India.

Jinnah's leadership of the Muslim League culminated in the creation of Pakistan in 1947. He played a central role in negotiations with the British government and other political parties, working tirelessly to secure the creation of a separate Muslim state. On August 14, 1947, Pakistan was born, with Jinnah serving as its first Governor-General.

Jinnah's Legacy

Jinnah's legacy as the Father of the Nation has been significant. He is widely revered in Pakistan for his role in the creation of the country and his vision for a secular, democratic, and modern state. He believed that Pakistan should be a nation where all citizens, regardless of their religion or background, had equal rights and opportunities.

Jinnah's vision for Pakistan was rooted in his belief in democracy, human rights, and the rule of law. He famously said, "You are free; you are free to go to your temples, you are free to go to your mosques or to any other place of worship in this State of Pakistan. You may belong to any religion, caste or creed—that has nothing to do with the business of the State."

Jinnah was also a champion of women's rights and believed in their full participation in all aspects of society. He famously said, "No nation can rise to the height of glory unless your women are side by side with you. We are victims of evil customs. It is a crime against humanity that our women are shut up within the four walls of the houses as prisoners. There is no sanction anywhere for the deplorable condition in which our women have to live."

Jinnah's leadership and vision for Pakistan continue to inspire people in Pakistan and around the world. His commitment to democracy, human rights, and the rule of law remains as relevant today as it was in his time. However, Pakistan has faced many challenges since its creation, including political instability, economic struggles, and ongoing conflicts with India.

Despite these challenges, the people of Pakistan continue to look to Jinnah as a symbol of hope and inspiration. His legacy reminds us of the importance of leadership, vision, and courage in the face of adversity. As Pakistan continues to navigate the challenges of the 21st century, it is essential to remember the words of Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah, who said, "With faith, discipline, and selfless devotion to duty, there is nothing worthwhile that you cannot achieve."

Deadline is approaching?

Wait no more. Let us write you an essay from scratch

Related Essays

Related topics.

Find Out the Cost of Your Paper

Type your email

By clicking “Submit”, you agree to our Terms of Use and Privacy policy. Sometimes you will receive account related emails.

• The Star ePaper
• Subscriptions
• Manage Profile
• Change Password
• Manage Logins
• Manage Subscription
• Transaction History
• Manage Billing Info
• Manage For You
• Manage Bookmarks
• Package & Pricing

Chopper tragedy: Father describes son Commander Firdaus as hero

Wednesday, 24 Apr 2024

Related News

Copter tragedy: Form an RCI to investigate crash, says Lam Thye

Copter tragedy: cops probing x user for disparaging comments on crash, copter tragedy: formation flying sop may be reviewed pending crash investigation, says minister.

Ramli Abd Hamid describes late son Commander Firdaus as hero. Pix by N.Trisha/The Star

GEORGE TOWN: Commander Muhammad Firdaus Ramli was a hero in many ways, said his father Ramli Abd Hamid.

Describing his son as a country hero and hero to the young people of Sungai Nibong, where Muhammad Firdaus was born and raised, he expressed his gratitude for the love Malaysians have shown his late son.

Ramli, in his 60s was speaking to the press after his son was laid to rest at the Masjid Jamek Sungai Nibong Besar here in Bayan Lepas on Wednesday night (April 24).

“I want to thank everyone for loving my son.

“He is the country’s hero. He is Sungai Nibong’s hero,” he said.

He then thanked the Royal Malaysian Navy (RMN) chief Admiral Tan Sri Abdul Rahman Ayob, 2nd Division commanding officer Major-General Datuk Azhan Md Othman and the government for the assistance rendered throughout the past two days.

“I want to thank our friends and the villagers for all their help as well,” he said.

More than a thousand people came to pay their respects to the commander.

Earlier, Muhammad Firdaus was greeted with a guard of honour as RMN personnel stood in attention to salute the fallen hero as his remains reached the mosque at 7.41pm.

He was then laid to rest at 8.20pm after the solat jenazah (prayer for the departed).

He leaves behind a wife, four-year-old son, his parents and six siblings.

Muhammad Firdaus was one of the 10 crew members in two helicopters, who perished after their choppers collided during rehearsal training at the Royal Malaysian Navy stadium in Lumut, Perak on Tuesday (April 23).

A video of the incident showed one of the helicopters clipping the tail rotor of the other before the two crashed onto the ground.

The post-mortem of all 10 victims were completed on Wednesday (April 24).

The bodies of Muslim victims were then brought to the 23rd Battalion Camp of the Royal Malay Regiment, Ipoh, for solat jenazah before making their way to their respective hometowns.

Tags / Keywords: Copter Tragedy , Commander Muhammad Firdaus Ramli , Hero , Father , Laid To Rest , Nibong Besar

Found a mistake in this article?

Report it to us.

Thank you for your report!

A world-class UK education in Malaysia

Next in nation.

Trending in News

Air pollutant index, highest api readings, select state and location to view the latest api reading.

• Select Location

Source: Department of Environment, Malaysia

Others Also Read

Best viewed on Chrome browsers.

We would love to keep you posted on the latest promotion. Kindly fill the form below

Thank you for downloading.

We hope you enjoy this feature!

• Share full article

Advertisement

Supported by

An 11-Year-Old Girl’s Fossil Find Is the Largest Known Ocean Reptile

When Ruby Reynolds and her father found a fossil on an English beach, they didn’t know it belonged to an 82-foot ichthyosaur that swam during the days of the dinosaurs.

By Kate Golembiewski

In 1811, a 12-year-old girl named Mary Anning discovered a fossil on the beach near her home in southwestern England — the first scientifically identified specimen of an ichthyosaur, a dolphin-like, ocean-dwelling reptile from the time of the dinosaurs. Two centuries later, less than 50 miles away, an 11-year-old girl named Ruby Reynolds found a fossil from another ichthyosaur. It appears to be the largest marine reptile known to science.

Ms. Reynolds, now 15, and her father, Justin Reynolds, have been fossil hunting for 12 years near their home in Braunton, England. On a family outing in May 2020 to the village of Blue Anchor along the estuary of the River Severn, they came across a piece of fossilized bone set on a rock.

“We were both excited as we had never found a piece of fossilized bone as big as this before,” Mr. Reynolds said. His daughter kept searching the beach, he added, “and it wasn’t long before she found another much larger piece of bone.”

They took home the fragments of bone, the largest of which was about eight inches long, and began their research. A 2018 paper provided a hint at what they’d found: In nearby Lilstock, fossil hunters had discovered similar bone fragments, hypothesized to be part of the jaw bone of a massive ichthyosaur that lived roughly 202 million years ago. However, the scientists who’d worked on the Lilstock fossil had deemed that specimen too incomplete to designate a new species.

Mr. Reynolds contacted those researchers: Dean Lomax, at the University of Bristol, and Paul de la Salle, an amateur fossil collector. They joined the Reynolds family on collecting trips in Blue Anchor, digging in the mud with shovels. Ultimately, they found roughly half of a bone that they estimate would have been more than seven feet long when complete.

Several features of the bone’s shape indicate that it came from an ichthyosaur’s jaw. To further confirm its identity, the researchers collaborated with Marcello Perillo, a paleontologist with the University of Bonn in Germany. Under a microscope, he found crisscrossed collagen fibers, an ichthyosaur trait. He also saw that despite the giant size of the jaw bone, the reptile hadn’t finished growing when it died.

Taken together, the fossils from Blue Anchor and Lilstock offered evidence of something special.

“Having two examples of the same bone that preserved all the same unique features, from the same geologic time zone, supported the identification that we’ve kind of toyed around with before, that it’s got to be something new,” Dr. Lomax said. “That’s when it got really exciting.”

He and his co-authors of a paper describing the fossil in the journal PLOS One on Wednesday named it Ichthyotitan severnensis, the giant fish lizard of the Severn.

Their estimates suggest Ichthyotitan could have been up to 82 feet long, rivaling the size of a blue whale and making it the largest marine reptile known to science. It lived right before a massive extinction that ended the Triassic Period.

“Inevitably with big extinction events of course, it’s the big things that go first, and so in this case, literally the biggest things in the ocean, they are wiped out, and this entire family disappears,” Dr. Lomax said.

Erin Maxwell, a paleontologist at the State Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart in Germany who was not involved with the study, said that the find sheds light on ichthyosaur evolution. “Before, there were hints that there were these giant ichthyosaurs approaching the Triassic-Jurassic boundary, but the amount of evidence is becoming incontrovertible at this point,” she said.

Dr. Lomax said that this discovery also highlighted the importance of amateur fossil collectors. “If you have a keen eye, if you have a passion for something like that, you can make discoveries like this,” he said.

Ruby Reynolds said: “I didn’t realize when I first found the piece of ichthyosaur bone how important it was and what it would lead to. I think the role that young people can play in science is to enjoy the journey of exploring as you never know where a discovery may take you.”

The World of Dinosaurs

Was Spinosaurus a Swimmer?: Paleontologists agree that the dinosaur ate fish. But whether it swam underwater is a question of prickly contention.

Robo-Dinosaur:  The origin of bird wings has long presented a puzzle to paleontologists, so scientists built a working model of an early winged dinosaur  to test a hypothesis about how the appendages evolved.

New Origin Story:  The discovery of a new species of Tyrannosaurus from New Mexico suggests a new chapter could be added to the origin story  of Tyrannosaurus rex.

A  Tinier Tyrannosaur:  Researchers are trying to remake the case that fossils known as Nanotyrannus were their own species , rather than a teenage Tyrannosaurus rex.

A Fossilized Meal:  Some 75.3 million years ago, a dinosaur swallowed the Cretaceous equivalent of a turkey drumstick. It would turn out to be the predator’s final feast .

• White House
• Energy/Environment
• Health Care
• Transportation
• Heard on the Hill
• Fintech Beat
• Political Theater
• Newsletters
• Capitol Ink
• Roll Call e-Edition
• Classifieds

Donald Payne Jr., who filled father’s seat in the House, dies at 65

Micron gets combined $13.6 billion grant, loan for chip plants

EPA says its new strict power plant rules will pass legal tests

Case highlights debate over ‘life of the mother’ exception

Supreme Court split on Idaho abortion ban in emergency rooms

Biden signs foreign aid bill, says weapons to be sent to allies within hours

A cop ran a light going 88 mph and killed a young father of twins. He still has his badge

In a sterile hospital room just before 3 a.m., Sabeeh Alalkawi’s father started counting down the hours until sunset. His son was dead. He was in shock.

Duty sat heavy on his heart: It was his responsibility to return his son’s soul to Allah by burying him swiftly. Waleed Alalkawi had just until this terrible day’s end to accomplish the task. Police had other priorities.

Sabeeh was dead because a New York police officer slammed his patrol car into the young man’s sedan, killing him almost instantly.

His case was just one more example where police in America have crashed a car into someone or something with devastating consequences ― one of hundreds of cases being examined  in a deep investigation by USA TODAY Network-New York  and Syracuse University called " Driving Force ."

Across the United States, thousands have been killed during police pursuits. Police have been  distracted by on-board computers , hit each other, wrecked rushing to a scene or  have driven into trees and buildings . Vehicle speed and training remain factors, experts say.

In parts of the country, a police officer can hurtle down city streets, snub stoplights, crash a car and walk away unscathed — job and reputation intact —  even when those collisions kill or maim innocent people.

Crashes keep piling up due to flawed approaches to officer discipline and driving education, said Sgt. Andrew Hughson, a lead driving instructor at an upstate New York police academy. 

“It really comes down to accountability and that retraining,” Hughson said.

In New York, a state law that allows police officers to break traffic rules when racing to emergencies is being used  to protect them from discipline  when they make poor driving decisions and smash their cars along the way, the Driving Force investigation found.

After the Troy, New York, crash, one of hundreds in just one state, a medical examiner in a cold hospital room now was ready to take the body for an autopsy. Half a mile away, investigators combed jumbled wreckage for details.

Muslims bury their dead as they are, with few exceptions. Hours after a death, family members gather to clean the body ― now little more than an empty vessel ― working quickly to prevent its soul from lingering untethered for too long.

This is what Alalkawi’s father knew. Now, it seemed Waleed and the medical examiner were on their own crash course: Faith colliding with the potential for justice. He had to make a choice.

Can you bring his body back before the sun falls, the father asked?

Police can break traffic rules. What happens when they crash? 

Police Officer Justin Byrnes sent his 2.5-ton police cruiser barreling through a city intersection at about 88 mph just before he rammed into Sabeeh Alalkawi in the early hours of Feb. 22, 2023, in upstate New York.

Byrnes, who was sworn in as a police officer in 2019, was traveling nearly three times the posted 30 mph speed limit that night, according to collision reports. The officer faced a red light. A vacant three-story restaurant building on the corner of the intersection of Hoosick and 15th streets blocked the view of the drivers from both directions.

Byrnes charged forward anyway.

It is likely that Alalkawi, a 30-year-old pizza delivery driver, never saw his end coming.

The police officer made a last-ditch attempt to hit the brakes, records show, but his SUV zipped over the last 100 yards in less than three seconds, a torpedo destined to crumple almost anything in its path. Sabeeh Alalkawi had no chance.

Alalkawi's family declined interviews for this story but shared notes and photographs through their attorney to show the impact his death has had on them.

A police reconstruction report found Byrnes responsible for the tragedy, saying his decision to drive through the red light without caution was the “primary contributing factor."

Top police officials in Troy refused to answer questions or comment directly about what happened. The NYSP reconstruction report said it is unknown whether the sirens were activated, and makes no mention of police footage collected from the crash.

A public records request turned up over 100 crashes involving local police officers over the last decade.

The city council called a special public meeting with law enforcement officials in October. Police Chief Daniel DeWolf insisted his officers know they must slow down before entering an intersection ― especially one with a red light. "If you don't make it to the call, you're not helping anyone," he said.

Unless an investigation by the New York State Attorney General’s Office determines he acted recklessly or with negligence, the police officer will not face criminal charges because of the state law that offers him broad immunity when responding to a call.

A year after Alalkawi's death, his family is still waiting for that decision. Until then, Byrnes is still working for the police department — on desk duty.

‘Danger zone,’ but three officers barreled into it at speed 

Just north of Albany, a royal blue sign welcomes visitors and residents alike to the city of Troy.  

"HOME OF UNCLE SAM," it reads in bold white lettering. A portrait of a familiar American patriot stares back at you, a top hat wrapped in a blue-and-white banner of stars.

Hoosick Street is a four-lane, two-way strip of asphalt that connects Troy to the rest of the state. It is arguably the city’s most dangerous road. 

The Troy Police Department and many police agencies defend their decision to speed to any scene they are dispatched to, even on a perilous road like this one.

Seconds before Byrnes crashed into Alalkawi, video shows two other police officers heading to the same 911 call tore through the same intersection.

An event data recorder unit, or “black box,” recovered from Byrnes’ SUV and analyzed by state police showed he was driving 88 mph five seconds before the crash.

“This isn’t just a rogue police officer,” said attorney Joseph O’Connor, who is representing Alalkawi's family in a wrongful death lawsuit. “It’s the behavior of an entire department, at least on that night.”

Sabeeh Alalkawi had a green light

Sabeeh Alalkawi could almost see the pizza shop. Just down the road, inside a two-story home repurposed into a family-owned restaurant, sat a small-town classic: Amante Pizza. 

But the tips in his pocket bought food for the growing twin boys waiting for him at home, on this night probably asleep in their beds by now.

Photos capture the trio as inseparable: Alalkawi smiling for a selfie, his sleeping babies strapped into car seats behind him, fleece blankets tucked around their little legs. Alalkawi sitting at the dining room table, one twin perched on each knee, the boys angling for a phone propped up in front of them. Alalkawi, drowsy in bed despite the sunlight, his wide-eyed twins jostling him awake.

This is who he was working for — who he was trying to protect.  

It was just before 1 a.m. and the end of his shift was crawling closer with each mile.  

On this brisk February night, Alalkawi again climbed into his 2012 Honda Civic and set off toward the pizza shop. It was now less than a quarter mile away. A tomato-red sign and stringy cheese pies beckoned him forward, the road ahead looking nothing but ordinary.

Green light. Empty intersection. Hungry customers waiting. 

Alalkawi pushed ahead.

Minutes earlier, a police radio had started chattering across town with its next call: There was a domestic disturbance a few blocks away from Amante Pizza, police said.

Justin Byrnes flicked on the emergency lights of his 2016 Ford Explorer and jolted the steel vessel forward. He was the third in a convoy of cruisers who decided to do the same.

Flying under the streetlights that bring life to Hoosick Street, Byrnes passed an auto shop, a synagogue and an elementary school. The intersection at 15th was next.

Maybe he saw the pizza delivery driver coming at the last second. Byrnes started pressing down on the brake, but he’d been hurtling down the road at nearly three times the speed limit. There was not enough time.

His cruiser exploded into Alalkawi’s sedan, ripping the man’s car from the southbound lane and sending it spinning west over a median and into a McDonald's parking lot.

‘Verily, unto God do we belong and, verily, unto Him we shall return'

The cemetery was empty. It was the last place Sabeeh Alalkawi’s body would travel that day: after the crash at Hoosick Street, after the cold aluminum table at Samaritan Hospital, after the funeral home and the mosque in Latham.

Waleed Alalkawi had waited all day for this difficult moment. The medical examiner had released his son’s body in time to be buried before sunset.

Daylight was fading. It was time to bury his son, whether he was ready or not. He started to dig.

Sabeeh Alalkawi's wife, Zinah, and their twin boys watched from inside a car in the distance. His father and brothers lowered his body into the hand-dug grave, resting it facing their holy city, years before they could have imagined taking on this task.

The Qu’ran tells us we belong to Allah and to Him, we shall always return. Alalkawi is not alone ― even in this empty cemetery ― because his soul has now reached the afterlife. What comes next for those left behind? The Qu’ran tells us it is patience.

In a final act of love, Waleed Alalkawi covered his son’s grave with dirt, offered a prayer to his creator and rejoined the rest of their family. Dreadful duty complete, he allowed his son to find the peace he was promised. 

Even as he waits for his own.

—  Kayla Canne  reports on community justice and safety efforts for the Democrat and Chronicle in Rochester, New York, part of the USA TODAY Network. Get in touch at [email protected] or on Twitter  @kaylacanne .

This story is part of Driving Force, a police accountability project meant to expose and document the prevalence of police vehicle accidents in New York.

This joint investigation between USA TODAY Network-New York and Syracuse University’s S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, in partnership with The Central Current ,  was supported with funding from the Data-Driven Reporting Project.

That project is funded by the Google News Initiative in partnership with Northwestern University-Medill .

Reporters, visual journalists, editors, designers and project partners include Maria Birnell, Evan Butow, Kayla Canne, Daniel DeLoach, Anna Ginelli, Jon Glass, Seth Harrison, Nausheen Husain, Hayden Kim, Chris Libonati, Beryl Lipton, Tina MacIntyre-Yee, Laura Nichols, Peter Pietrangelo, William Ramsey, David Robinson, Kyle Slagle, Eden Stratton, Sarah Taddeo, Jodi Upton and Marili Vaca.