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Earthquake resistant buildings

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Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings Dr. K. S. Nanjunda Rao.

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Earthquake resistant design techniques for buildings and structures.

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🕑 Reading time: 1 minute

• Base Isolation

Energy Dissipation Devices

Base isolation method.

Figure 1: Base-Isolated and Fixed-Base Buildings

Earthquake Generated Forces

Figure 2: Base-Isolated, Fixed-Base Buildings

Deformation and Damages to Structures

Response of base isolated building.

• Friction Dampers : these utilize frictional forces to dissipate energy
• Metallic Dampers : utilize the deformation of metal elements within the damper
• Viscoelastic Dampers : utilize the controlled shearing of solids
• Viscous Dampers : utilized the forced movement (orificing) of fluids within the damper

Fluid Viscous Dampers

Damping devices and bracing systems.

Figure 3: Damping Device Installed with Brace

Padmanabhan G

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This article was reviewed by a member of Caltech's Faculty .

Each building shakes differently during an earthquake. We study those differences to inform building codes and practices and potentially save lives.

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Until recently, seismic networks could not reveal an earthquake's effects on different soils, sites, and buildings in detail. Seismographs were too widely spaced to enable a high-resolution view of ground shaking, and seismic networks did not include buildings.

Now, researchers have placed inexpensive accelerometers, tiny devices that measure acceleration and are used in cell phones to detect motion and orientation, in buildings from the ground level to the top floor. The Community Seismic Network gathers data about how the ground and buildings move to inform safer construction and better damage detection .

Learn more about the different ways to measure earthquake motion on the Caltech Science Exchange.

In the video below, Caltech's Monica Kohler, a research professor of mechanical and civil engineering, describes the Community Seismic Network and how it gives new insights into shaking and building damage.

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Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings

Sep 29, 2010

70 likes | 1.31k Views

Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings Dr. K. S. Nanjunda Rao Shock Table Test Facility for Evaluating Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings Research & Development Indigenous design and fabrication of test facility Novel earthquake resistant features for masonry buildings

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• fourth scale models
• swinging pendulum
• large ductile deformation
• poor energy absorption capacity
• additional r

Presentation Transcript

Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings Dr. K. S. Nanjunda Rao

Shock Table Test Facility for Evaluating Earthquake Resistant Features in Buildings • Research & Development • Indigenous design and fabrication of test facility • Novel earthquake resistant features for masonry buildings • Simulating failure patterns same as those observed in buildings after an earthquake Peak table acceleration 1.1g Pendulum (1.8m length & 600kg mass Max. swing 400) Masonry Building Models Rebound beam Table acceleration response for a swing angle of 300 Table (payload 5000kg) Fund. Freq. 90Hz containment reinforcement with link Corner containment reinforcement with triangular link Data acquisition system

Response after 5 shocks Behavior of building models after 13 shocks One fourth scale models Model 1 Response at top of cross wall Model 1 (ERF as per IS 4326:1993) Model 2 (ERF as per IS 4326:1993 plus additional R C band at Sill level and Containment reinforcement Model 2 Response at top of cross wall

Shock Table Test Facility Shock table test facility for evaluating seismic performance of buildings was designed and constructed. The table is of size 3.5m by 2.5m and is supported on 4 wheels with ability to move horizontally in one direction on rails. The table can be subjected to shocks through a swinging pendulum of 600kg mass with provision to increase the mass up to 1000kg. On the side of the table opposite to the pendulum, provision is made to generate a reverse shock through a reaction beam. The impulse force that can be given to the table can be varied by changing the swing angle of the pendulum, mass of the pendulum, the material to which the pendulum impacts. The reverse force to the table can also be varied by changing the gap between the table and the reaction beam before the start of the test. The photograph shows two brick masonry building models with different earthquake resistant features on the shock table with instrumentation to measure the table motion and the response of the building models.

CONCEPT OF ‘CONTAINMENT REINFORCEMENT’ It is well known that most of the structures tend to undergo large deformations in the event of a strong earthquake. If the stresses caused due to lateral forces experienced by the structures exceed its strength, the structure yields, if it is ductile. If the structure is brittle, as in the case of un-reinforced masonry, it will suffer brittle failure. The pattern of failure of masonry buildings during an earthquake makes it clear that the prevention of sudden flexural failure of masonry wall is critical to ensure an earthquake resistant masonry structure. Again, since flexural tension can occur on both faces of the wall due to reversal of stresses during an earthquake, there is a need to provide ductile reinforcement on both faces. This can be accomplished by placing vertical reinforcement either on the surface or close to the surface and surrounding the wall, which is termed as “containment reinforcement”. For the containment reinforcement to be effective, it is essential for it to remain hugged to the wall at all times during an earthquake and to deform along with the masonry. In order to meet this objective the vertical reinforcements on either face of the wall have to be connected to each other, by horizontal ties/links passing through the bed joints of masonry. These horizontal ties along with the mortar in the bed joints will ensure strain compatibility between vertical reinforcement and the masonry. Earlier study on the flexure of masonry beams with longitudinal reinforcement wrapped round the beam with links through the bed joints connecting the top and bottom reinforcement has shown substantial ductility with multiple cracks before failure. Containment reinforcement is not primarily intended to increase the lateral strength of the wall, but to permit large ductile deformation and to avoid total collapse. In other words, containment reinforcement will act as main energy absorbing element of the wall which otherwise has poor energy absorption capacity.

Containment reinforcement Link/tie Masonry with containment reinforcement and links/ties connecting them through bed joints.

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A Project Report On DESIGN OF EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING IN MORADABAD (G+8

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ᕧᖆᕬᘗᖱ ᒺᗋᖽᐸᓏ

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It is seen that reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings are commonly found constructions in urban India, on which several types of forces are subjected during their lifetime, such as static forces due to dead and live loads and dynamic forces due to the wind and earthquake. It has been confirmed from different studies that unlike static forces, direction and locations of dynamic forces, amplitude, especially the earthquakes, vary significantly with time, which cause considerable inertia effects on the buildings. Under dynamic forces behaviour of buildings depends on the dynamic characteristics of buildings which are controlled by both their stiffness and mass properties of the buildings, whereas the static behaviour is solely dependent upon the stiffness characteristics. Hence buildings performance largely dependents on the deformability and strength of constituent members, additionally, linked to members internal design forces. The internal design forces in turn depend upon the accuracy of the method employed in their analytical determination.

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Aseismic or earthquake resisting building designs are essential from the seismology point of view. While both linear as well as nonlinear analysis are require for analytical modeling with special care because such loads are unpredictable the magnitude, direction and time occurrence manner. Shear, moments and torque, horizontal and vertical forces occurs due to earthquake in building whereas these are highly dependable on material's weight and stiffness, structural system and its configuration, time period of vibration of building, soil conditions, seismic zone and its behavior. Calculation of earthquake loads has done through various method as per India standards code for seismic resistant design of structures. A field survey was conducted to evaluate the expected seismic load on a particular building. Evaluation of developed construction materials and technology, along with comprehend seismic loads and building response certainly gives positively to minimize earthquake vulnerability and prevent collapse of buildings and losses of lives, property as well as environmental degradation. This paper provides an overview of design approach to seismic analysis of a particular plan of terminal building (G+3) at Silchar Airport, to ensure that the building is safe or not as per I.S: 1893 (Part-1)-2016 provision. Keywords-Soil-structure interaction, structural ductility, base isolation, load transfer mechanism, seismic response, earthquake resistant designs, seismic coefficient method.

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Advanced Science Letters

Abd. Latif Saleh

Thandavamoorthy Thumati

In this modern world structures are acted upon frequently by dynamic loads such as earthquake, cyclones, floods, land slides, blasting, etc., in contrast to those constructed a few centuries ago wherein loading on the structures were mainly static in nature. The speciality of static loadings are their variation in magnitudes with time do not change, i.e., their magnitudes remain constant for ever. At that time designers were happy if they designed the structures for static loading only and also found satisfied when the design fulfilled the conditions prescribed by codes of practices prevalent at that time. Subsequently extreme loadings struck the buildings and they were found wanting. When the extreme loading particularly earthquales were widespread throughout the world and their occurrences were repeated resulting in colossal loss of lives and properties, engineers and scientists became wiser and commenced organised research to find a solution to ensure safety to human beings. The outcome of this research is the formulation of texts on dynamics of structures. The present treatise is therefore entitled as Basics of Dynamics and Earthquake Resistant Structures. It covers the fundamental principles of dynamics as applicable to structures and deigns these structures to resist the forces induced by motion of the ground. As various guidelines have been framed by codal authorities of the country to design structures constructed with masonry, reinforced concrete and steel. In India the codal authority is the Bureau of Indian Standard. It has released mainly three codes related to earthquake design, viz., IS: 1890, IS: 13920 and IS: 4320 for designers to follow in their design. In essence the book contains 32 chapters dealing with various aspects of theory of vibration, basics of seismicity, lesson learnt from past earthquakes, related soil properties and its measurement, analysis techniques such as response spectrum approach and time history technique, various aspects of seismic resistance provisions of buildings, codal provisions relevant to buildings constructed in India, details about isolation and vibration control methods, mitigation of earthquake effects and finally quality aspect of materials and construction technique. The book has been prepared based on the syllabus prescribed by Anna University and other universities situated in different parts of the country. This book has been tailored to suit to design engineers and other practising engineers in their profession. The hallmark of this book is that it presents at the end of each chapter Points to Remember section which will be quite beneficial for them to score high marks in 2 marks part of the university question paper.

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Earthquake Resistance of Buildings Structures Thesis Defense

Earthquake resistance of buildings structures thesis defense presentation, free google slides theme and powerpoint template.

The strong sound of applause you’ll receive after presenting this template might feel like a real earthquake… Hopefully your building has the perfect structure so it doesn’t crumble down. If you have studied the earthquake resistance of building structures you probably know how this works… So why don’t you explain it better with a cracking template for Google Slides & PPT? Get ready to wow your audience with this creative template! It features a simple black and white design with black cracks that represent the power of earthquakes. Present your research with confidence, backed up by this visually stunning template. Use it to explain the technical aspects of your study in an informative yet captivating way. Download the template now and get ready to be amazed!

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Earthquake Resistant Building Construction Seminar pdf Report and ppt

Earthquake Resistant Building Construction Seminar and PPT with pdf report : Well, everyone knows about the earthquake and an earthquake is an oscillation or the quivering. In few cases the earthquake is fierce to the surface of the earth which delivers the energy in the crust of the earth, coming to the released energy then it is a quick and unexpected displacement of the parts of the crust due to the eruption of volcano or even it may be an explosion made by the humankind.

Also See: Seminar Topics for Civil Engineering

Initially, the crust bends and stress go beyond the rocks strength then they divide with violence or violently damage the part and during the process of dividing, the oscillations are produced and they are called as seismic waves. We are talking about here Earthquake Resistant Building Construction Seminar and PPT with pdf report.

Also See: Noise Control of Buildings Seminar and PPT with PDF Report

The seismic waves come out of the earthquake source and move in parallel to the surface of the earth, the speed of the waves change as they travel because the speed is dependent on the material that they travel. The seismic waves are responsible for the calamities on the surface of the earth, the structures or buildings built on the earth cannot be proved as totally earthquake proof structures and the only way that we can protect the structures is by enhancing the earthquake resistant of the buildings.

The necessary treatment should be done in connection with the area where they are present and the earthquakes and losses occurred due to the earthquake made the people work on the problems and bring their solutions.

Also See: Green Building PPT and Report

How does an Earthquake Resistant Building Differ with the Other Buildings?

The force of the seismic waves and the intensity of the earthquake which will occur are very complex to make an estimation of it. The real forces that can be produced in a building during the earthquake will be very large and to build the structures with the resistant features to all these forces makes it very costly. The objective of earthquake resistant construction is to protect the structure during vibration from collapsing and the major feature to ensure in such a construction is the ductility.

Effect of an Earthquake on the Reinforced Concrete Structures:

At present, the reinforced concrete structures are very common in India. An RC structure is made up of horizontal parameters like beams and slabs; along with the horizontal parameters, it also includes the vertical parameters like the columns and walls. The foundation supports the RC structure and the RC frame is nothing but the RC columns with the joining beams, it takes part in the opposing the forces of the earthquake. The forces generated during the earthquake moves in a downward direction like from the slabs to the beams, from the beams to the columns and also to the walls and finally to the foundation, from the foundation they are scattered or spread along the ground. The major elements of the reinforced concrete structure are as follows:

• Floor slabs
• Masonry walls
• The hierarchy of the strength which explains about the materials that need to be more stronger

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Seismic Design Philosophy:

The intensity of the earthquake and its vibration can be mild, moderate and very strong. The minor or mild vibrations occur very often, the moderate vibrations happen occasionally and the strong vibrations occur seldom. Therefore, the philosophy of the seismic design lies in the following parameters:

• Earthquake resistant building
• Earthquake design philosophy

Remedial Measures to Reduce the Losses due to the Earthquakes:

The necessary remedial measures that aid in reducing the losses that occurred by the earthquake are as follows:

• Planning of the building
• The band’s provision
• The joints of beam column
• The foundation
• The staircases
• The masonry building

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Construction of Earthquake Resistant Structure with the Reinforced Hollow Concrete Block:

The reinforced hollow concrete blocks are made as the walls of load bearing for loads of gravity and also as the walls of shear for loads of seismic to furnish safety from the earthquakes. This type of construction is also called as the concept of a shear-wall diaphragm and it includes the following parameters:

• The structural features
• The advantages of structure
• The benefits of architecture
• The benefits of construction

Mid-Level Isolation:

The basic isolation systems are of three types and they are as follows:

• The foundation isolation
• The pile head isolation
• The mid-level isolation

The mid-level isolation acts as dampers and decreases the swaying of the structure.

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Traditional Earthquake Resistant Housing:

Some of the traditional earthquake resistant housings are as follows:

• The Dhajji-Diwari structures of Kashmir
• The Kat-Ki-Kunni structures of Kulu valley
• The Quincha earthquake resistant structures
• The Uttarkashi Pherols

Content of the Seminar and pdf report for Earthquake Resistant Building Construction

• INTRODUCTION
• HOW EARTHQUAKE RESISTENT BUILDING IS DIFERENT?
• EFFECT OF EARTHQUAKE ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS
• SEISMIC DESIGN PHILOSOPHY
• REMEDIAL MEASURES TO MINIMISE THE LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKES
• EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT BUILDING CONSTRUCTION WITH
• REINFORCED HOLLOW CONCRETE BLOCK (RHCBM)
• MID-LEVEL ISOLATION
• EARTHQUAKE RESISTANCE USING SLURRY INFILTRATED MAT CONCRETE (SIMCON)
• TRADITIONAL EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT HOUSING
• CONCLUSIONS

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EARTH QUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EARTH QUAKE RESISTANT STRUCTURE

For m.i.e.t students – powerpoint ppt presentation.

• S. Mohamed Hithayathulla,
• S. Michael Roghen Raj,
• IInd CIVIL ,
• M.I.E.T ENGINEERING COLLEGE,
• Earth - three layers - Crust, Mantle, Core.
• Crust - surface of Earth, Mantle second inner part of the Earth, Core - most inner part of the Earth.
• Seismic Loading Main cause of Earthquakes
• Seismic Performance Structures ability - functions - safety and serviceability - exposure - earthquake.
• Seismic Analysis Major intellectual tool understand seismic performance of structures.
• Design - but it is analysis of forces - buildings due to loads acting on it.
• If a building is enough to resist the earthquake, then such building is called Earthquake resistant structure.
• Such design is called Earthquake resistant designs
• Earthquake may not be able to damage entire building but it damages members of it.
• So special techniques are adopted
• Base Isolation Devices and
• Seismic Dampers.
• Thought - Base Isolation Devices - separate building from ground by some rubber devices.
• Seismic dampers - special devices - introduced in building - absorb the energy - produced by seismic waves.
• Base isolation Devices - Active Control System which contains
• Sensors - measure external
• excitation - structural response.
• Computer hardware and
• software - compute control forces
• observed excitation.
• Actuators provide
• necessary control forces.
• Control Force Devices
• Active Tuned Mass Dampers - natural extension experiments indicate 25 less damage.
• Tendon Control used even for active devices works when active devices are off act by resisting tension in structure.
• Dampers are of
• Viscous Damper
• Friction Damper
• Yielding Damper
• separating structures from ground by means of devices.
• Can be done when structure is already constructed, but it is costly.
• Cheaper compared to Seismic Dampers.
• additional systems introduced in structures.
• even when structure is completed, systems can be introduced.
• Very costly, since linked with hardware programmes.
• Quality Control in Construction.
• We are only hope of tomorrows constructions.
• WE ARE HERE ONLY TO PROVIDE SAFETY TO PUBLIC TO LEAD THEIR LIFE

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