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Conditional Statements in Excel VBA – If Else, Case, For, Do While, Do Until, Nested Ifs

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Conditional Statements in Excel VBA are very useful in programming, this will give you to perform comparisons to decide or loop through certain number of iterations based on a criteria. In this tutorial we will learn the conditional statements with examples.

• » IF Statement
• » If … Else Statement
• » If … ElseIf … Else Statement
• » If … ElseIf … ElseIf Statement
• » Nested If Statement

Conditional Statements in Excel VBA – Download: Example File

Download this example file, we will learn conditional statements with examples. ANALYSISTABS Examples on Conditional Statements

IF Statement

It is a simple Condition to check an expression, if the condition is True it will execute the Statement.

It will check if the range C2 value, if it is greater than 600000 it will execute the statement ‘Range(“D2”) = Range(“C2”) * 10 / 100’.

If … Else Statement

It will check the Condition, if the condition is True it will execute the Statements1, if False execute the Statements2.

Example 1: Check whether the cell number is greater than six lakhs

Example 2: check whether the number is even or odd, if … elseif … else statement.

You can use If…ElseIf…Else to check more conditions:

Example : Check whether the number entered by the user is positive, negative or equal to zero.

If … elseif … elseif statement.

You can use If…ElseIf…ElseIf to check more conditions:

Nested If Statement

You can use If…ElseIf…ElseIf…ElseIf…Else to check more conditions:

Example 1: Check if the month is fall under which quater using “Nested If” statement and “OR” Operator

Example : check student grade based on marks using “nested if” statement and “and” operator, select … case.

If you have a more number of conditions to check, the If condition will go through each one of them. The alternative of jumping to the statement that applies to the state of a condition is Select Case .

Following is the example on select case:

You can use loops to execute statements certain number of time or until it satisfies some condtion.

For loop is useful to execute statements certain number of time.

The following example show you the message box 5 times with integers

Following is another Example on For Loop:

You can use Step statement to stepping the counter.

By default the stepping counter is 1, the below two statements are same: 1. For iCntr = 1 To 10 2. For iCntr = 1 To 10 Step 1

For Each Item In the Loop

If you want to loop through a collection, you can use for each condition. The following example loop through the Sheets collection of the Workbook.

Do…While

Do loop is a technique used to repeat an action based on a criteria.

It will execute the statements if the condition is true,The following is example on Dow While:

Other flavors of the Do loop:

Exiting in between Loops and Procedure

You can exit the for loop in between based on a condition using exit for.

In the following, it will exit the is for loop if the sheet name is equals to “Data”

You can Exit any Procedure using Exit Sub

In the following, it will exit the procedure if the sheet name is equals to “Data”

You can Exit Exiting a Do Loop using Exit Do

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Can you tell me why this code doesn’t work? I can’t get a For … Next or other versions to work either. For this code I get the following error message “Code execution has been interrupted”. Debug shows the problem is on the iCtr = iCtr + 1 line. Value in Cell(102,4) is dependent on value in cell (102,7).

iCtr = 1 Do Until Cells(102, 4) < 100 Cells(102, 7) = iCtr iCtr = iCtr + 1 Loop

Never mind! Found a solution Mahesh Subramaniya at: http://www.maheshsubramaniya.com/article/fix-for-code-execution-has-been-interrupted-in-excel-vba-macros.html

I can add this line of code before the loop: Application.EnableCancelKey = xlDisabled

Please add some examples of do until loop..

I am Trying to create a VBA for the Bank reconciliation Statement though some what i have succeed by viewing your clips but stuck in one problem if suppose there are 2 sheets such as sheet 1 and sheet 2 . if chq and amount matched so how would we give the sr no in the both sheet which should be same and for the next match it should give other no

Regards Krishna

could you please help me out with the VBA code for a data which is in column A with numbers that starts from 1,2,3,4… how can using VBA i can get numbers that starts from 1 and 2 stated as ‘balance sheet’ in column B

so in short i want data in column B from A basis some condition and that condition is that number in column A should starts from 1 and 2 only. Please help!

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How to Use VBA Conditional Statements in Excel (4 Examples)

The article will show you some useful applications of Conditional Statements in Excel VBA . If you want to operate an Excel operation based on conditions, you must know about these Statements of VBA . There are basically four Conditional Statements that we often use in Excel. They are the If Statement , With Statement , For Loop , and Case Select . These constructs are used to control the flow of execution. In this article, we shall introduce you to a few common VBA constructs. Let’s stick to this article to understand the basic idea of how to use them properly.

This article is part of my series: Excel VBA & Macros – A Step by Step Complete Guide

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VBA Conditional Statement.xlsm

Conditional Operators

You may know about these operators as we frequently used them in mathematics. Conditional operators are the equal (=), greater than (>), less than (<), etc. symbols. These symbols are used to apply conditions in VBA codes with the Conditional Statements .

4 Basic Examples to Use VBA Conditional Statements in Excel

When you apply a condition to get a definite result, you need these Conditional Statements . Suppose, you want to buy a smartphone and you are browsing for a phone that suits you and classifies them by their prices. The price range here is the condition and applying this condition to VBA , you can easily classify your products.

1. Applying VBA Conditional IF Statement in Excel

If-Then is one of the most important control structures in VBA. With this construct, VBA applications can decide which statements to execute. The basic syntax of the If-Then structure is: If condition Then statements [Else elsestatements]

In simple language, we can say, if a condition is true, then a group of statements will be executed. If you include the Else clause, then another group of statements will be executed if the condition is not true.

In this section, you will see the use of the IF Statement to insert a specific word based on a condition. Let’s go through the process below for a better understanding.

• First, go to the Developer Tab and then select Visual Basic .

• After that, the VBA editor will appear. Select Insert >> Module to open a VBA Module .

• Now, type the following code in the VBA Module .

If you type Z in B5 and run the Macro , it will return Zoo in C5 .

• Next, go back to your sheet, type Z in B5 , and run the Macro named Example_If as it is the name of our current Macro .

• After that, you will see Zoo in cell C5 .

Let’s make the process a little bit more convenient.

• Select Developer >> Insert >> Button .

• Next, draw the button anywhere on the Excel sheet and give it a name. Here I named the button ‘ Full Word ’.
• After that, right click on the button and select Assign Macro .

• Thereafter, select the Macro Example_If and click OK .

• Now, type Z in B5 and click on the button .

• After that, you will see ‘ Zoo ’ in C5 .

This is a simple example of how to use a Conditional IF Statement in VBA .

In the following description, I’ll show you an example of how to use the Nested IF Statement . This example will also illustrate how to operate the ELSEIF Statement .

• Type the following code in the VBA Module .

You can see that the above Macro uses ElseIf Statements . When you type Z in B5 and run it then it will return Zoo . If you type E , it will return Excel , and so on. The Macro uses Range.Value property to return these values.

• Next, go back to your sheet and assign this Macro to a new button .
• After that, type E or any other letter that is mentioned in the Macro and click on the button . You will see Excel for E .

The ELSEIF Statement helps you to apply new conditions in VBA .

Read More: How to  Use Do Until Loop in Excel VBA (with 2 Examples)

2. Using FOR Loop as Conditional Statement 

In this section, I’ll show you an example of how we can use FOR Loop as a Conditional Statement . Let’s stick to the description below.

• First, follow the steps of Method 1 to open the VBA Module .
• Next, type the following code in the module.

The macro will return the sum of the squared numbers from 1 to 10.

Code Explanation (Line by Line)

• Sub SumOfSquaredNumber() : This statement starts the macro Sub Procedure .
• Total = 0 : Total is a variable. We assign value 0 in this variable with this statement.
• For Num = 1 To 10 : Num is also a variable and it is assigned now value 1. Excel checks Num’s assigned value (now, 1) with Num’s limiting value (here, 10). If Num’s assigned value is less than or equal to Num’s limiting value, then the statement between For and Next will execute.
• Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) : Num variable’s value (right now 1) will be squared here at first. Excel then sums the square value of Num (1) and the value of Total (0). The result of the sum will be assigned to Total again. Finally Total variable now holds: 1 (0+1=1).
• Next Num : This statement increases the value of the Num variable by 1. So Num’s value is now 1+1=2. Excel now checks again Num’s assigned value (2) with Num’s limiting value (10). As the assigned value is less than the limiting value, the statement Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) executes again.
• Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) : This statement now executes again. Num variable’s value (right now 2) will be squared here at first. Excel then sums the square value of Num (4) and the value of Total (1). The result of the sum will be assigned to Total again. Finally Total variable now holds 5 (4+1=5).
• Next Num: This statement increases the value of the Num variable by 1. So Num’s value is now 2+1=3. Excel now checks again Num’s assigned value (3) with Num’s limiting value (10). As the assigned value is less than the limiting value, the statement Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) executes again.
• Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) : This statement now executes again. Num variable’s value (right now 3) will be squared here at first. Excel then sums the square value of Num (9) and the value of Total (5). The result of the sum will be assigned to Total again. Finally Total variable now holds 14 (9+5=14).
• In this way, the statement Total = Total + (Num ^ 2) will be executed until Num’s value is equal to 10.
• MsgBox Total : This statement shows a pop-up dialog box with the value of Total (385).
• End Sub : This statement ends the macro subprocedure.
• After that, run the Macro .
• You will see a message box showing the result.

This is another example of a Conditional Statement in Excel VBA .

Read More: How to  Use For Each Loop in Excel VBA (3 Suitable Examples)

3. Implementing WITH END Structure as Conditional Statement

This example will show you how to apply VBA WITH END Structure as a Conditional Statement . Say, we want to middle-align the cell contents of an Excel sheet. Let’s stick to the description below to see how to do it with a WITH Statement .

• After that, go back to your sheet and run the Macro named Example_WithStatement .

• Next, you will see the cell contents are now middle-aligned.

4. Using SELECT CASE Structure as VBA Conditional Statement

This example will show you how to apply VBA SELECT CASE Structure as a Conditional Statement . The execution of this Macro will return the same result we got in Method 1 . Please continue with the description.

The Macro will work the same as the second Macro we created in Method 1 . Please follow this link to see the input and output processes of Method 1

Read More: How to  Use Do While Loop in Excel VBA (3 Examples)

Applying Excel VBA Conditional Statements for Multiple Conditions

In this section, you will see an exclusive example of using VBA Conditional Statements. Suppose, you want to buy a smartphone and you are browsing for a phone that suits you and classifies them by their prices. Let’s see the process below to see how we can do this.

• First, follow the steps of Method 1 to open a VBA Module .
• Next, type the following code in the VBA Module .

The Macro will return “ Overpriced ” if the price exceeds 500 dollars, “ Medium Price ” if the price is between 200 bucks to 500 bucks, and “ Lower Priced ” otherwise.

• Later, go back to your sheet and run the Macro named Example_IfElse .

• After that, you will see your smartphones are classified by their price.

You can also achieve the same result using the SELECT CASE Structure too. Use the following code.

Read More: How to  Use For Next Loop in Excel VBA (with 5 Examples)

Here, I showed you some basic examples of how to use Conditional Statements in Excel VBA . If you have any better suggestions or questions or feedback regarding this article, please share them in the comment box. This will help me enrich my upcoming articles. For more queries, kindly visit our website ExcelDemy .

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VBA IF Statement – A Complete Guide

by Paul Kelly | | VBA Language | 51 comments

This post provides a complete guide to the VBA If Statement in VBA. If you are looking for the syntax then check out the quick guide in the first section which includes some examples.

The table of contents below provides an overview of what is included in the post. You use this to navigate to the section you want or you can read the post from start to finish.

“Guess, if you can, and choose, if you dare.” – Pierre Corneille

• 1 Quick Guide to the VBA If Statement
• 2 The Webinar
• 3 What is the VBA If Statement
• 4 The Test Data and Source Code
• 5.1 Indenting Between If and End If
• 6 A Simple If Then Example
• 7 Using Conditions with the VBA If Statement
• 8 Using ElseIf with the VBA If Statement
• 9 Using Else With the VBA If Statement
• 10.1 Using If And
• 10.2 Using If Or
• 10.3 Using If Not
• 11.1 Using Nested IIf
• 11.2 What to Watch Out For
• 11.3 If Versus IIf
• 12.1 Using Case Is
• 13 What’s Next?

Quick Guide to the VBA If Statement

The following code shows a simple example of using the VBA If statement

The Webinar

Members of the Webinar Archives can access the webinar for this article by clicking on the image below.

( Note: Website members have access to the full webinar archive .)

What is the VBA If Statement

The VBA If statement is used to allow your code to make choices when it is running.

You will often want to make choices based on the data your macros reads.

For example, you may want to read only the students who have marks greater than 70. As you read through each student you would use the If Statement to check the marks of each student.

The important word in the last sentence is check . The If statement is used to check a value and then to perform a task based on the results of that check.

The Test Data and Source Code

We’re going to use the following test data for the code examples in this post:

You can download the test data with all the source code for post plus the solution to the exercise at the end:

Format of the VBA If-Then Statement

The format of the If Then statement is as follows

The If keyword is followed by a Condition and the keyword Then

Every time you use an If Then statement you must use a matching End If statement. When the condition evaluates to true, all the lines between If Then and End If are processed.

To make your code more readable it is good practice to indent the lines between the If Then and End If statements.

Indenting Between If and End If

Indenting simply means to move a line of code one tab to the right. The rule of thumb is to indent between start and end statements like

Sub … End Sub If Then … End If If Then… ElseIf … Else … Endif For … Next Do While … Loop Select Case … End Case

To indent the code you can highlight the lines to indent and press the Tab key. Pressing Shift + Tab will Outdent the code i.e. move it one tab to the left.

You can also use the icons from the Visual Basic Toolbar to indent/outdent the code

Select code and click icons to indent/outdent

If you look at any code examples on this website you will see that the code is indented.

A Simple If Then Example

The following code prints out the names of all students with marks greater than 50 in French.

Results Bryan Snyder Juanita Moody Douglas Blair Leah Frank Monica Banks

Play around with this example and check the value or the > sign and see how the results change.

Using Conditions with the VBA If Statement

The piece of code between the If and the Then keywords is called the condition. A condition is a statement that evaluates to true or false. They are mostly used with Loops and If statements. When you create a condition you use signs like >,<,<>,>=,<=,=.

You may have noticed x=5 as a condition. This should not be confused with x=5 when used as an assignment.

When equals is used in a condition it means “is the left side equal to the right side”.

The following table demonstrates how the equals sign is used in conditions and assignments

The last entry in the above table shows a statement with two equals. The first equals sign is the assignment and any following equals signs are conditions.

This might seem confusing at first but think of it like this. Any statement that starts with a variable and an equals is in the following format

[variable] [=] [evaluate this part]

So whatever is on the right of the equals sign is evaluated and the result is placed in the variable. Taking the last three assignments again, you could look at them like this

[x] [=] [5] [b] [=] [6 = 5] [x] [=] [MyFunc(5,6)]

Using ElseIf with the VBA If Statement

The ElseIf statement allows you to choose from more than one option. In the following example we print for marks that are in the Distinction or High Distinction range.

The important thing to understand is that order is important. The If condition is checked first. If it is true then “High Distinction” is printed and the If statement ends. If it is false then the code moves to the next ElseIf and checks it condition.

Let’s swap around the If and ElseIf from the last example. The code now look like this

In this case we check for a value being over 75 first. We will never print “High Distinction” because if a value is over 85 is will trigger the first if statement.

To avoid these kind of problems we should use two conditions. These help state exactly what you are looking for a remove any confusion. The example below shows how to use these. We will look at more multiple conditions in the section below.

Let’s expand the original code. You can use as many ElseIf statements as you like. We will add some more to take into account all our mark classifications.

If you want to try out these examples you can download the code from the top of this post.

Using Else With the VBA If Statement

The VBA Else statement is used as a catch all. It basically means “if no conditions were true” or “everything else”. In the previous code example, we didn’t include a print statement for a fail mark. We can add this using Else.

So if it is not one of the other types then it is a fail.

Let’s write some code to go through our sample data and print the student and their classification:

The results look like this with column E containing the classification of the marks

Remember that you can try these examples for yourself with the code download from the top of this post.

Using Logical Operators with the VBA If Statement

You can have more than one condition in an If Statement. The VBA keywords And and Or allow use of multiple conditions.

These words work in a similar way to how you would use them in English.

Let’s look at our sample data again. We now want to print all the students that got over between 50 and 80 marks. We use And to add an extra condition. The code is saying: if the mark is greater than or equal 50 and less than 75 then print the student name.

Results Douglas Blair Leah Frank Monica Banks

In our next example we want the students who did History or French. So in this case we are saying if the student did History OR if the student did French:

Results Bryan History Bradford French Douglas History Ken French Leah French Rosalie History Jackie History

Using Multiple conditions like this is often a source of errors. The rule of thumb to remember is to keep them as simple as possible.

Using If And

The AND works as follows

What you will notice is that AND is only true when all conditions are true

Using If Or

The OR keyword works as follows

What you will notice is that OR is only false when all the conditions are false.

Mixing AND and OR together can make the code difficult to read and lead to errors. Using parenthesis can make the conditions clearer.

Using If Not

There is also a NOT operator. This returns the opposite result of the condition.

The following two lines of code are equivalent.

Putting the condition in parenthesis makes the code easier to read

A common usage of Not when checking if an object has been set. Take a worksheet for example. Here we declare the worksheet

We want to check mySheet is valid before we use it. We can check if it is nothing.

There is no way to check if it is something as there is many different ways it could be something. Therefore we use Not with Nothing

If you find this a bit confusing you can use parenthesis like this

The IIF function

Note that you can download the IIF examples below and all source code from the top of this post.

VBA has an fuction similar to the Excel If function. In Excel you will often use the If function as follows:

=IF(F2=””,””,F1/F2)

The format is

=If(condition, action if true, action if false).

VBA has the IIf statement which works the same way. Let’s look at an example. In the following code we use IIf to check the value of the variable val. If the value is greater than 10 we print true otherwise we print false:

In our next example we want to print out Pass or Fail beside each student depending on their marks. In the first piece of code we will use the normal VBA If statement to do this:

In the next piece of code we will use the IIf function. You can see that the code is much neater here:

You can see the IIf function is very useful for simple cases where you are dealing with two possible options.

Using Nested IIf

You can also nest IIf statements like in Excel. This means using the result of one IIf with another. Let’s add another result type to our previous examples. Now we want to print Distinction, Pass or Fail for each student.

Using the normal VBA we would do it like this

Using nested IIfs we could do it like this:

Using nested IIf is fine in simple cases like this. The code is simple to read and therefore not likely to have errors.

What to Watch Out For

It is important to understand that the IIf function always evaluates both the True and False parts of the statement regardless of the condition.

In the following example we want to divide by marks when it does not equal zero. If it equals zero we want to return zero.

However, when marks is zero the code will give a “Divide by zero” error. This is because it evaluates both the True and False statements. The False statement here i.e. (60 / Marks) evaluates to an error because marks is zero.

If we use a normal IF statement it will only run the appropriate line.

What this also means is that if you have Functions for True and False then both will be executed. So IIF will run both Functions even though it only uses one return value. For example

(Thanks to David for pointing out this behaviour in the comments)

If Versus IIf

So which is better?

You can see for this case that IIf is shorter to write and neater. However if the conditions get complicated you are better off using the normal If statement. A disadvantage of IIf is that it is not well known so other users may not understand it as well as code written with a normal if statement.

Also as we discussed in the last section IIF always evaluates the True and False parts so if you are dealing with a lot of data the IF statement would be faster.

My rule of thumb is to use IIf when it will be simple to read and doesn’t require function calls. For more complex cases use the normal If statement.

Using Select Case

The Select Case statement is an alternative way to write an If statment with lots of ElseIf’s. You will find this type of statement in most popular programming languages where it is called the Switch statement. For example Java, C#, C++ and Javascript all have a switch statement.

Let’s take our AddClass example from above and rewrite it using a Select Case statement.

The following is the same code using a Select Case statement. The main thing you will notice is that we use “Case 85 to 100” rather than “marks >=85 And marks <=100”.

Using Case Is

You could rewrite the select statement in the same format as the original ElseIf. You can use Is with Case.

You can use Is to check for multiple values. In the following code we are checking if marks equals 5, 7 or 9.

What’s Next?

Free VBA Tutorial If you are new to VBA or you want to sharpen your existing VBA skills then why not try out the The Ultimate VBA Tutorial .

Related Training: Get full access to the Excel VBA training webinars and all the tutorials .

( NOTE: Planning to build or manage a VBA Application? Learn how to build 10 Excel VBA applications from scratch.)

51 Comments

I am trying to use VBA to carry out a process. I wish for a cell to be checked in worksheet and if the answer is true, to then copy and paste the contents of a number of cells from the same work sheet to a location on another worksheet. However, if it is false, then to check again the same cell for another value, and if true to copy the same cells as previous and put it in a different location on an other worksheet. I have tried different if type statements, but because of the number of iterations I may need it makes it very messy. could you please help?

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Home » Excel-VBA-Tutorial » VBA-Conditional-Statements

Excel VBA Tutorial Part 5: VBA Conditional Statements

Vba conditional statements.

The main Excel VBA Conditional Statements are the If ... Then statement and the Select Case statement. Both of these evaluate one or more conditions and, depending on the result, execute specific sections of code.

The two Conditional Statement types are discussed individually below.

The Visual Basic If ... Then Statement

The If ... Then statement tests a condition and if it evaluates to True, executes a specific section of code. If the condition evaluates to False, a different section of code is executed.

The syntax of the If ... Then statement is:

In the above If statement, you can add as many ElseIf conditions as you require. Alternatively, the ElseIf and the Else parts of the conditional statement can be omitted if desired.

In the example below, an If ... Then statement is used to color the current active cell, depending on the value of the cell contents.

Note that, in the above example, the If statement stops once it has satisfied a condition. Therefore, if the ActiveCell value is less than 5, the first condition is satisfied and so the cell is colored green. The If ... Then statement is then exited, without testing any further conditions.

For further information on the VBA If ... Then statement, see the Microsoft Developer Network website.

The Visual Basic Select Case Statement

The Select Case statement is similar to the If ... Then statement, in that it tests an expression, and executes different sections of code, depending on the value of the expression.

The syntax of the Select Case statement is:

In the above code, the Case Else part of the conditional statement is optional.

In the following example, the Select Case statement is used to color the current active cell, depending on the value of the cell contents:

The above example illustrates different ways of defining the different Cases in the Select Case statement. These are:

Note that as soon as one case in the Select Case statement is matched, and the corresponding code executed, the whole Select Case statement is exited. Therefore, the code will never enter more than one of the listed cases.

For further information on the VBA Select Case statement, see the Microsoft Developer Network website.

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Is possible to assign a value to a variable conditionally in VBA?

is it possible to assign a value to a variable depending of the result of a conditioning?

For example: I have the variables below:

I would like to increment each variable with the value returned from a myFunction but without a if statement or select case .

I think it would be possible if I consider a variable like an object.

Example of what I would like to replace:

• microsoft-excel
• environment-variables

• 1 No Eval() function in Excel... you may use public collection instead of separate variables and public string constants for number to name consistency... –  Akina Jul 12, 2019 at 10:29

You can use a dictionary to store the variables and their values:

To use dictionary object you need to add "Microsoft Scripting Runtime" in Tools - References of VBA editor.

You must log in to answer this question.

Not the answer you're looking for browse other questions tagged microsoft-excel vba environment-variables ..

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Understanding Excel VBA If Then Else Statements

Alan Murray

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The If Then Else statement is the most commonly used conditional construct in Excel VBA. You will find it in many procedures directing the flow of code by testing values and executing different statements dependent upon the result of the tests.

In this article, we will explain the syntax of the If Then Else statement, the different ways that it can be written, and as always, multiple examples of its use.

Why use the 'If Then Else' statement?

The If Then Else statement is used to test a value and perform a statement or block of statements dependent upon the result of the test.

If Then Else can be used to perform a simple  conditional test or extended to perform multiple conditional tests on a value. The And and Or keywords can also be used to combine conditions.

We will see a few different VBA code examples in this tutorial that demonstrate these different uses of the Excel VBA If Then Else statement.

The syntax of the If Then Else statement is quite easy to remember as it follows the words used in its name. It is also very similar to the structure of the IF function in Excel, which you have probably used before.

However, there are a few different ways to write the Excel VBA If Then Else statement and it can take some practice to get familiar with them. 

When using the If statement to execute only one statement as a result of a condition, it can be written in single-line form, as follows.

If condition Then statement [ Else statement ]

The condition is any expression that evaluates to True or False. The required statement is then executed dependent on the result of the condition. The Else statement is optional and can therefore be omitted.

When executing a group of statements as a result of the condition, the If Then Else statement can be written in its block form syntax, as follows.

Notice the inclusion of the End If keywords on the last line. This was not required when writing If Then Else in its single-line syntax.

It is possible to nest If statements in Excel VBA by using the keyword ElseIf (written as one word). You can nest as many If statements as required.

The structure of the If statements is the same; remember to use the keyword Then at the end of the condition line.

Missing keyword errors

At some time when writing your VBA code , you are sure to miss a word or get the different syntaxes of the If Then Else statement mixed up.

For example, you may type End If at the end of the single-line form when it is not required. Or, you may accidentally put a space between the words Else and If when using the ElseIf keyword.

The good news is that these mistakes are quite easy to recognize from the errors that are returned in the Visual Basic Editor . For example, the following error is shown when writing If Then Else in its block form and omitting the End If keywords at the end.

And the following error is returned when omitting the keyword Then .

Now that we understand the syntax, let’s dive into some Excel VBA If Then Else statement examples to see it in action.

Simple 'If Then Else' statement

In the following example, a single statement was executed for both the Then and Else scenarios. This is perfect for demonstrating the If Then Else statement in its single-line form.

The condition of the score being greater than or equal to 80 is tested, and “Pass” is assigned to the Result variable if the condition evaluates to True; otherwise “Fail” is assigned to the Result variable.

Omitting the 'Else' keyword

In the following example, a VBA procedure is used to protect only the cells that contain formulas on all sheets of a workbook.

An object variable has been declared for the worksheet named ws and this has been used in a For Each Next construct to loop through all sheets in the Worksheets collection.

The If Then Else statement has been added to check if the worksheet is protected, and if this is True, to unprotect the worksheet before continuing with the next statements in the procedure.

This small Excel VBA If statement code example demonstrates the Else keyword being omitted as there was no alternative action to take in this case.

The single-line version of the If statement was used again as only one statement (to unprotect the worksheet) was executed as a result of the condition.

If ws.ProtectContents = True Then ws.Unprotect

Excel VBA 'If Then Else' multiple statements

When executing multiple statements, the block form syntax of the If Then Else statement is used.

In this example, the Else statements are omitted again as there is no alternative action for if the condition evaluates to False.

This procedure is used to test the value in cell A2 of the active sheet to check if it is empty. If so, multiple statements are executed.

A message box is displayed informing the user that a name has not been entered into cell A2. Then cell A2 is selected so that it is active when the user is returned to the sheet. And finally, the Exit Sub keywords are used to exit the procedure. 

Nested 'If Then Else' statements

To perform multiple conditional tests on a value, you can nest If Then Else statements using the ElseIf keyword.

In the following example, the ExamResults procedure from a previous example is extended to assign four different results dependent upon the exam score attained.

In this example, when testing numeric values in this manner, it is important that the conditional test against the largest value is performed first.

Otherwise, if performed in reverse, a score of 97 would return “Good” as it is greater than or equal to the value of 75 and there would be no need to test against the other conditions.

Excel VBA 'If' statement with multiple conditions

For the final example, we will see the And and Or keywords used to extend the conditional tests that an If Then Else statement can perform.

The If Then Else statement in Excel VBA can handle a single condition only in isolation. But, the And and Or functions can be included to extend a simple VBA IF statement to multiple conditions.

They are simple to use, as you just need to use the keyword And or Or between each condition.

With the And keyword, both conditions on either side of And need to evaluate to True for the result to be True. And with Or, if either condition evaluates to True, then the result is True.

The following example is an extension of a previous code example. The IfExample procedure is testing if the values in ranges A2 or B2 are empty. If either of these tests evaluate to True, multiple statements are executed with the final statement exiting the procedure.

Key Takeaways

The If Then Else statement in Excel VBA is a commonly used conditional construct that is used to test a value and perform a statement or block of statements dependent upon the result of the test. It is important to understand the syntax of the statement and how to use it to perform simple or multiple conditional tests.

The And and Or keywords can be used to combine conditions, and it is possible to nest If statements. Common errors that can occur while writing If Then Else statements should be recognized and addressed. To become proficient in creating powerful macros in Excel , taking an online course with practical tutorials is recommended. 

If you are looking to enhance your skills in Excel and VBA, GoSkills offers a wide range of online courses and resources that are designed to help individuals become proficient in Excel . These courses are taught by industry experts and cover everything from the basics of Excel to advanced features of VBA.

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Alan is a Microsoft Excel MVP, Excel trainer and consultant. Most days he can be found in a classroom spreading his love and knowledge of Excel. When not in a classroom he is writing and teaching online through blogs, YouTube and podcasts. Alan lives in the UK, is a father of two and a keen runner.

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Section 1: Get Started with Excel VBA

1.1 Developer

1.2 VBA Editor

1.4 Dot Notation

1.5 Toolbar

1.6 Buttons

Section 2: Excel VBA Variables

2.1 Variables

2.2 Variable Practice

2.3 Option Explicit

2.4 Add/Subtract

2.5 Multiply/Divide

2.6 More Types

Section 3: Excel VBA if

3.1 If Statements

3.2 Else ... Else If

3.3 Conditions

3.4 Logic Operators

3.5 VBA Practice 1

3.6 VBA Practice 2

3.7 Select Case

3.8 VBA Practice 3

3.9 With ... End With

Section 4: Text and Excel VBA

4.1 VBA Strings

4.2 Change Case

4.3 Trim, Len, Space

4.4 Replace

4.5 In the String?

4.6 Left and Right

4.7 VBA Mid

4.8 String Exercise

Section 5: Excel VBA and Loops

5.1 VBA For Loops

5.2 VBA For Each

5.3 Cells Property

5.4 Do Loops

Section 6: Excel VBA Arrays

6.1 An Introduction to Arrays

6.2 Arrays, Loops

6.3 Multi Arrays

6.4 Arrays and Split

Section 7: Subroutines and Functions

7.1 Subroutines

7.2 Pass Value to Sub

7.3 The Message Box

7.4 Functions

7.5 Worksheet Function

7.6 The Set Keyword

Section 8: Excel VBA and Text File

8.1 Open Text File

8.2 Write to file

Section 9: Excel User Forms

9.1 User Forms

9.2 Form Buttons

9.3 Launch a Form

9.4 Add Tab to Ribbon

9.5 Customize Excel Ribbon

Section 10: Walkthrough: Picture Viewer

10.1 Excel Picture Viewer

10.2 Design a Form

10.3 Add Buttons

10.4 Add New Tab

10.5 Form Initialize

10.6 Textbox Data

10.7 VBA Option Button

10.8 VBA ImageBox Code

10.9 Next/Previous Buttons

10.10 Add New Photo

10.11 Save New Image

10.12 Copy Image

Section 11: Walkthrough: Excel Charts

11.1 Chart Sheets

11.2 Embedded Charts

11.3 Charts Forms, P1

11.4 Charts Forms, P2

11.5 Chart Constants

Section 12: Walkthrough: VBA TreeView

12.1 TreeViews

12.2 Parent/Child Nodes

12.3 Initialize Nodes

12.4 Node Click Event

3.3 Excel VBA Conditional Operators

If MyNumber <= 20 Then

MsgBox MyNumber & " is Less than or equal to 20"

When you run your code, here's what the message box will look like

VBA Course: Conditions

Conditions are very useful in programming, they will be used to perform actions based on specific criteria (same principle as the IF function).

The main instruction is If , here is how it works:

Let's go straight to practice and take the example developed in the lesson on variables. Its goal was to display in a dialog box the line of the table corresponding to the number indicated in cell F5.

Source file: conditions.xlsm

If we enter a letter in F5, it generates a bug and we want to avoid that.

We will start by adding a condition to check if the value of cell F5 is numeric before executing the code.

The IsNumeric function will be used in this condition:

Let's also add instructions for the case where the condition is not met:

Non-numeric values are no longer a problem.

Our table contains 16 rows of data (from row 2 to row 17), so now we will check if the variable lineNumber is greater than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 17 .

But first, here are the comparison operators:

As well as other useful operators:

Let's now add the conditions mentioned above using And as well as the comparison operators detailed above:

To make our macro more practical, we can still replace 17 with a variable containing the number of rows. This will allow us to add/remove rows from our table without having to modify this limit in the code each time.

For this, let's create a nbRows variable and add this function:

In this case, we'll use WorksheetFunction . CountA which is the function COUNTA which you may already be familiar with.

We ask this function to count the number of non-empty cells in the first column and then replace 17 with nbRows :

ElseIf allows to add several conditions in a row:

If condition 1 is true, the instructions 1 are executed and we exit the If instruction (which starts with If and ends with End If ). If condition 1 is false, we move on to condition 2. If it's true the instructions 2 are executed, otherwise the instructions 3 are executed.

Here is an example, with a grade from 1 to 6 in A1 and a comment based on the grade in B1:

An alternative to If instructions containing many ElseIf exists, it's Select (this instruction being more appropriate in such cases).

Here is the same macro with Select :

Note that we can also enter multiple values:

Or a range of values:

Step by Step Guide on Excel VBA Code For Conditional Formatting

If you're looking to enhance your Excel skills and streamline your data analysis, understanding how to use conditional formatting with VBA code is a crucial tool. With Excel VBA code , you can apply complex rules and automate repetitive formatting tasks, leading to more efficient workflows and better insight into your data.

This comprehensive step-by-step guide will walk you through the process of using Excel VBA code for conditional formatting , regardless of your level of experience. From understanding the basics of conditional formatting in Excel to using advanced techniques to elevate your skills, we'll cover everything you need to know.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

• Excel VBA code allows you to automate and customize conditional formatting in your spreadsheets.
• Understanding the basics of conditional formatting is crucial to leverage the power of VBA code .
• You can get started with VBA code for conditional formatting by enabling the Developer tab in Excel .
• A recording and modifying technique will help you generate code for applying conditional formatting .
• Variables , loops , and custom formatting are advanced techniques that can optimize your workflow.

Understanding Conditional Formatting in Excel

If you want to optimize your data visualization tasks and streamline your Excel workflows, you must understand the power of conditional formatting. Conditional formatting allows you to format cells, rows, and columns based on specific criteria, making it easier to identify patterns and trends in your data. With Excel's built-in conditional formatting options and VBA code, you can take your data analysis and visualization to the next level.

Conditional formatting helps you highlight important data points and visualize the results of your calculations quickly. You can use conditional formatting to:

• Highlight cells that meet specific criteria
• Apply color scales to visualize data trends
• Add data bars to show the magnitude of values
• Display icon sets to represent data values using symbols

By applying conditional formatting rules to your Excel spreadsheets, you gain a better understanding of your data, making it easier to identify patterns and outliers. You can also customize conditional formatting rules based on your specific requirements and create interactive dashboards and reports.

Types of Conditional Formatting Rules

Excel offers several types of built-in conditional formatting rules, including:

In the next section, we'll explore how to enable VBA in Excel and get started with writing code for conditional formatting.

Getting Started with VBA in Excel

To begin using VBA code for conditional formatting in Excel, you first need to enable the Developer tab and access the VBA editor. This involves a few simple steps, which we've outlined below in a step-by-step guide:

• Open a new or existing Excel workbook.
• Click on the "File" tab in the top left corner of the screen.
• Select "Options" from the left-hand menu.
• Select "Customize Ribbon" from the left-hand menu of the Excel Options dialog box.
• Under "Customize the Ribbon," check the box for "Developer."
• Click "OK" to close the Excel Options dialog box.
• Now that you have enabled the Developer tab, you can access the VBA editor by following these steps:
• Click on the "Developer" tab in the Ribbon.
• Select "Visual Basic" from the "Code" section.

Now you're ready to start creating and running VBA code for conditional formatting in Excel!

Recording and Modifying a Macro for Conditional Formatting

If you are new to VBA code, recording a macro for conditional formatting is an excellent way to generate code automatically. The main advantage of recording a macro is that you do not need extensive knowledge about coding, and it's an excellent starting point for beginners.

Now, let's dive into the step-by-step guide on how to record and modify macros for conditional formatting:

Step 1: Start Recording the Macro

The first step is to go to the "Developer" tab in Excel and click on "Record Macro."

Next, give the macro a name and a shortcut key for easy access. Ensure that you select the workbook where you need to apply conditional formatting.

Step 2: Apply Conditional Formatting

After clicking "OK," you can start applying conditional formatting to your data. Follow the usual steps of selecting the data range and applying the desired formatting rules.

Step 3: Stop Recording the Macro

Once you have finished applying conditional formatting, go back to the "Developer" tab and click "Stop Recording."

Step 4: Modify the Recorded Macro

After recording the macro, Excel generates the code automatically. You can access the code by clicking on the "Visual Basic" button in the "Developer" tab. However, the recorded macro might include unnecessary code, and you may need to modify it according to your specific requirements.

Here are a few tips to help you modify the recorded macro for conditional formatting:

• Delete unnecessary code: Start by deleting the code that you do not need, such as empty parameters or irrelevant statements.
• Customize the formatting: You can customize the recorded code by changing the formatting rules, such as the font color, cell background, or data bar.
• Debug the code: After modifying the code, debug it to ensure that it works as expected and doesn't contain errors.

By following these steps, you can easily record and modify macros for conditional formatting, saving you time and effort in the long run.

Applying Conditional Formatting Using VBA Code

Now that you have a basic understanding of conditional formatting in Excel and some knowledge of VBA, let's dive into the nitty-gritty of applying conditional formatting using VBA code. In this step-by-step guide, we'll show you how to format cells, ranges, and entire worksheets quickly and efficiently.

Step 1: Identify the Range to be Formatted

The first step is to identify the range of cells where you want to apply conditional formatting. You can use the Range property of the Worksheet object to specify a single cell or range of cells.

Step 2: Define the Formatting Rule for the Range

Next, you need to define the formatting rule that will be applied to the identified range. You can use the Add method of the FormatConditions collection to define new conditional formatting rules.

Here, we're formatting cells A1 to A10 based on the values in cells B1 to B10. If the value in cell B1 is equal to the value in A1, the cell interior will be colored red, and the font will be set to bold.

Step 3: Apply Multiple Formatting Rules

You can apply multiple rules to the same range of cells. Simply use the Add method of the FormatConditions collection again.

In this example, we're adding two conditional formatting rules to cells A1 to A10. If the value in cell B1 is equal to the value in A1, the cell interior will be colored red, and if the value in cell C1 is greater than the value in A1, the cell interior will be colored green.

With these simple steps, you can format cells based on specific criteria using VBA code, saving you time and effort in your data analysis tasks.

Using Variables and Loops in VBA Code for Conditional Formatting

Variables and loops are essential components of VBA code for conditional formatting. Variables represent data that can be changed during the execution of the code, while loops enable the repetition of code until certain conditions are met. By using variables and loops, you can automate repetitive formatting tasks and handle dynamic scenarios.

Step-by-Step Guide

• To declare a variable, use the Dim keyword followed by the variable name and data type. For example, Dim myValue As Integer .
• To assign a value to the variable, use the = operator. For example, myValue = 10 .
• To use a variable in a conditional formatting rule, enclose it in square brackets. For example, [myValue] > 5 .
• To create a loop, use the Do While or Do Until statement followed by the condition. For example, Do While [myValue] > 0 .
• Within the loop, include the code for the conditional formatting rule to be applied. For example, Selection.FormatConditions.Add… .
• To modify the value of the variable within the loop, use the = operator. For example, myValue = myValue – 1 .
• To exit the loop, use the Loop statement. For example, Loop While [myValue] > 0 .

Using variables and loops in VBA code for conditional formatting can greatly simplify your workflow and improve efficiency. By automating repetitive tasks and handling dynamic scenarios, you can save time and focus on more important tasks.

Customizing Conditional Formatting with VBA Code

Excel's default conditional formatting options may not always suit your specific requirements like highlighting certain cells in a more personalized way or making the data more visually appealing. But don't worry! With VBA code, you can easily customize the conditional formatting rules to meet your needs.

Step-by-Step Guide to Customizing Conditional Formatting with VBA Code

Follow these steps to customize conditional formatting using VBA code:

• Identify the formatting you want to apply: First, determine the custom formatting rules that you want to apply to cells, ranges, or even the entire worksheet. This can include anything from the color and font to the style and border of the data.
• Write the VBA code: Once you have determined the custom formatting that you want, it's time to write the VBA code. Start by opening the VBA editor and creating a new module. Then, use the 'FormatConditions.Add' method to specify the formatting criteria. For example, if you want to highlight all cells with values greater than 100, you might use the following code:
• Test and execute the code: Test the code on a small sample data set before applying the VBA code in large datasets. Once you are satisfied with the rule, simply execute the code to apply it to your data.

Example of Customized Conditional Formatting using VBA Code

To illustrate how you can customize conditional formatting rules, let's consider an example where you want to apply a unique formatting to any cell value containing "Sales" in column A of your worksheet. You could use the following VBA code to accomplish this:

In the above code, the 'InStr' function finds whether the cell contains the word 'sales' or not. If a match is found, the VBA code applies custom formatting to the cell.

Incorporating customized formatting using VBA code can give your spreadsheet a special touch that stands out. The flexibility of VBA code allows you to cater to specific data, making the worksheet easier to read and understand at a glance.

Managing Conditional Formatting Rules with VBA Code

As you continue to add conditional formatting rules to your spreadsheet, it's important to keep them organized and manageable. Excel's default formatting options can become cluttered and overwhelming, leading to confusion and errors. In this section, we'll show you step by step how to manage your conditional formatting rules using VBA code.

Simplify Your Conditional Formatting with VBA Code

Managing conditional formatting rules in Excel becomes simpler with VBA code by allowing you to automate the process for adding, modifying, and deleting rules. With VBA, you can efficiently manage complex formatting scenarios without the need for manual formatting.

Adding Conditional Formatting Rules with VBA Code

Creating custom rules for your datasets begins with adding rules using VBA code. For example, you can create a rule to format cells that contain specific text, numbers, or dates. To add a rule, you can use the .Add method to create a new formatting rule with your desired formatting style. Then set the parameters for your rule to format cells that meet specific conditions.

Modifying Conditional Formatting Rules with VBA Code

Sometimes you may need to modify an existing formatting rule, instead of creating a new one from scratch. Using VBA code, you can modify the properties of any existing rule to meet your formatting needs. This can include modifying the formatting style, how the rule checks for conditions, and the priority of the rule compared to other rules in the dataset.

Deleting Conditional Formatting Rules with VBA Code

If you have a condition formatting rule that is no longer needed, you can remove it using VBA code. This can help clean up your formatting options and reduce any unnecessary rules that may be slowing down your workbook. Use the Delete method to remove the rule without the need for manual deletion.

Tips for Managing Conditional Formatting Rules with VBA Code

When managing conditional formatting rules with VBA code, it's important to keep a few tips in mind. First, always test your code in a separate workbook to avoid any unintended formatting changes. Secondly, declare and use variables to keep your code organized and efficient. Lastly, make use of error handling to catch any errors before they cause major problems.

Now that you know step-by-step how to manage your conditional formatting rules with VBA code, you can confidently format your datasets with ease and efficiency.

Troubleshooting and Debugging VBA Code for Conditional Formatting

As with any programming language, VBA code for conditional formatting can encounter errors or bugs. When this happens, it is essential to know how to troubleshoot and debug your VBA code to fix any issues. In this section, we'll provide you with a step-by-step guide to identifying and fixing common errors in your conditional formatting VBA code.

Step 1: Review Your Code

The first step in troubleshooting your VBA code for conditional formatting is to review your code carefully. Check for syntax errors, missing brackets, and other common mistakes. Often, a simple syntax error can cause your VBA code to fail, so be sure to examine your code closely.

Step 2: Use Debugging Tools

If you're having trouble identifying the cause of your VBA code's failure, you can use debugging tools to help you pinpoint the problem. The VBA Editor in Excel includes a range of tools, including the Debugger and Watch Window, to help you trace the flow of your code and identify any issues.

Step 3: Test in Stages

When debugging your VBA code for conditional formatting, it can be helpful to test your code in stages. Break your code down into smaller sections and test each section separately. This approach can help you identify the specific problem area and fix any issues more efficiently.

Step 4: Utilize Error Handling Techniques

To prevent your VBA code for conditional formatting from crashing altogether, use error handling techniques. Error handling can help you trap and address errors gracefully, preventing your code from producing an error message that could confuse your end-users.

By following these troubleshooting and debugging tips, you should be well-equipped to identify and fix errors in your VBA code for conditional formatting. With a little debugging practice, you can become a VBA coding master!

Advanced Techniques in VBA Code for Conditional Formatting

In the previous sections, we covered the fundamental aspects of conditional formatting using VBA code. Now, let's take a deeper dive into some advanced techniques that can help you achieve even more incredible results.

Conditional Formatting Based on Formulas

One of the most powerful uses of VBA for conditional formatting is based on formulas and custom logic that can't be accomplished through basic rules. By using VBA, you can apply complex formulas to format cells, ranges, or entire worksheets according to your specific needs. With VBA, you have total control over the logic used to determine which cells will be formatted, how they'll be formatted, and what conditions will trigger the formatting.

Working with Multiple Conditions

When creating conditional formatting rules based on complex conditions, the basic conditional formatting options provided by Excel may not be enough. Fortunately, using VBA provides the freedom to work with multiple and nested conditions. With logical operators like AND and OR, and through the use of custom functions, you can create complex rules that cover virtually any conditional formatting scenario that you can imagine.

Creating Interactive Dashboards using VBA Code

VBA code can be used to create interactive dashboards that respond to user input. This means you can create a dynamic spreadsheet where the formatting changes based on user selections. For instance, you can use buttons or dropdown menus to allow the user to select the formatting type they want, and the code will modify the formatting of the selected cells or ranges accordingly. This interactive approach to conditional formatting can be incredibly useful and engaging, providing a more intuitive and user-friendly experience for your users.

Now that you've completed this comprehensive guide on using Excel VBA code for conditional formatting, you should feel confident in your ability to enhance your data visualization and analysis tasks in Excel. By understanding conditional formatting and getting started with VBA, you can leverage macros and programming techniques to automate repetitive tasks and handle dynamic scenarios.

You've learned how to apply conditional formatting using VBA code, customize and manage conditional formatting rules, troubleshoot and debug your code, and explore advanced techniques. Whether you're new to VBA or a seasoned programmer, you can take advantage of the power of VBA code to optimize your Excel workflows.

We hope this guide has been informative and helpful. If you have any questions or feedback, feel free to reach out to us. Happy coding!

How do I use Excel VBA code for conditional formatting?

To use Excel VBA code for conditional formatting, follow our step-by-step guide in Section 1. You'll learn how to leverage VBA to enhance your data visualization and analysis tasks with conditional formatting.

What is conditional formatting in Excel?

Conditional formatting is a feature in Excel that allows you to format cells based on specific conditions or criteria. It helps you visually highlight important data and draw attention to patterns or trends.

How do I get started with VBA in Excel?

To get started with VBA in Excel, refer to Section 3. We provide an overview of VBA, guide you through enabling the Developer tab, and show you how to access the VBA editor.

Can I record and modify a macro for conditional formatting?

Yes, you can. Section 4 explains how to record and modify a macro specifically for conditional formatting. It's a convenient way to generate VBA code that you can further customize.

How do I apply conditional formatting using VBA code?

Section 5 is dedicated to guiding you through the process of writing and executing VBA code to apply conditional formatting rules based on specific criteria. You'll learn how to format cells, ranges, and worksheets.

Can I use variables and loops in VBA code for conditional formatting?

Yes, you can. In Section 6, we demonstrate how to leverage variables and loops to make your VBA code more efficient and flexible for handling dynamic scenarios and automating repetitive tasks.

Is it possible to customize conditional formatting with VBA code?

Absolutely. In Section 7, we explore how you can customize conditional formatting using VBA code. You'll learn how to create personalized rules, define custom formats, and implement advanced techniques.

How do I manage conditional formatting rules with VBA code?

Section 8 covers managing conditional formatting rules programmatically using VBA code. You'll learn how to add, modify, and delete rules, as well as handle rule precedence and error handling.

What do I do if I encounter errors in my VBA code for conditional formatting?

Don't worry! Section 9 offers troubleshooting techniques and tips for debugging your VBA code. You'll learn how to identify and fix errors, ensuring smooth execution of your conditional formatting tasks.

Are there advanced techniques for conditional formatting with VBA code?

Yes, there are. Section 10 delves into advanced techniques such as conditional formatting based on formulas, working with multiple conditions, and creating interactive dashboards. You'll be able to handle complex scenarios with sophisticated conditional formatting logic.

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If Operator (Visual Basic)

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Uses short-circuit evaluation to conditionally return one of two values. The If operator can be called with three arguments or with two arguments.

If operator called with three arguments

When If is called by using three arguments, the first argument must evaluate to a value that can be cast as a Boolean . That Boolean value will determine which of the other two arguments is evaluated and returned. The following list applies only when the If operator is called by using three arguments.

An If operator that is called with three arguments works like an IIf function except that it uses short-circuit evaluation. An IIf function always evaluates all three of its arguments, whereas an If operator that has three arguments evaluates only two of them. The first If argument is evaluated and the result is cast as a Boolean value, True or False . If the value is True , argument2 is evaluated and its value is returned, but argument3 is not evaluated. If the value of the Boolean expression is False , argument3 is evaluated and its value is returned, but argument2 is not evaluated. The following examples illustrate the use of If when three arguments are used:

The following example illustrates the value of short-circuit evaluation. The example shows two attempts to divide variable number by variable divisor except when divisor is zero. In that case, a 0 should be returned, and no attempt should be made to perform the division because a run-time error would result. Because the If expression uses short-circuit evaluation, it evaluates either the second or the third argument, depending on the value of the first argument. If the first argument is true, the divisor is not zero and it is safe to evaluate the second argument and perform the division. If the first argument is false, only the third argument is evaluated and a 0 is returned. Therefore, when the divisor is 0, no attempt is made to perform the division and no error results. However, because IIf does not use short-circuit evaluation, the second argument is evaluated even when the first argument is false. This causes a run-time divide-by-zero error.

If operator called with two arguments

The first argument to If can be omitted. This enables the operator to be called by using only two arguments. The following list applies only when the If operator is called with two arguments.

When the Boolean argument is omitted, the first argument must be a reference or nullable value type. If the first argument evaluates to Nothing , the value of the second argument is returned. In all other cases, the value of the first argument is returned. The following example illustrates how this evaluation works:

• Nullable Value Types

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