research books about recycling

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

View all journals
Explore content
About the journal
Publish with us
Sign up for alerts
16 November 2022

Recycling our way to sustainability

Sarah King 0

Sarah King is a circular economy researcher at Swinburne University of Technology in Melbourne, Australia.

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Evidence of the economic opportunities that a circular economy could bring is mounting. The potential environmental impact is also clear. The move to a circular economy — a system that aims to reduce, reuse and recycle materials — could address 70% of global greenhouse emissions 1 . As the benefits stack up, this transition is becoming a key focus for policymakers around the world. But there remains much confusion about what a circular economy is, and how it might be achieved.

Access options

Access Nature and 54 other Nature Portfolio journals

Get Nature+, our best-value online-access subscription

24,99 € / 30 days

cancel any time

Subscribe to this journal

Receive 51 print issues and online access

185,98 € per year

only 3,65 € per issue

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Nature 611 , S7 (2022)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-03646-z

This article is part of Nature Outlook: The circular economy , an editorially independent supplement produced with the financial support of third parties. About this content .

Circle Economy. The Circularity Gap Report 2022 1–64 (2022).

Kirchherr, J., Reike, D. & Hekkert, M. Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 127 , 221–232 (2017).

Article Google Scholar

Kadner, S. et al. Circular Economy Roadmap for Germany (Circular Economy Initiative Deutschland, 2021).

Google Scholar

Download references

Competing Interests

The author declares no competing interests.

Sponsor feature: How Google is supporting the circular economy

Biomaterials
Green chemistry
Materials science
Sustainability

Blueprinting extendable nanomaterials with standardized protein blocks

Article 13 MAR 24

Monolithic silicon for high spatiotemporal translational photostimulation

Article 21 FEB 24

Ivory artefacts’ origins revealed by telltale peptides

Research Highlight 05 FEB 24

UN plastics treaty: don’t let lobbyists drown out researchers

Editorial 17 APR 24

How synthetic biologists are building better biofactories

Technology Feature 01 APR 24

A view of wind turbines drives down home values — but only briefly

Research Highlight 20 MAR 24

Judge dismisses superconductivity physicist’s lawsuit against university

News 25 APR 24

Retractions are part of science, but misconduct isn’t — lessons from a superconductivity lab

Editorial 24 APR 24

Growth of diamond in liquid metal at 1 atm pressure

Article 24 APR 24

Junior Group Leader

The Imagine Institute is a leading European research centre dedicated to genetic diseases, with the primary objective to better understand and trea...

Paris, Ile-de-France (FR)

Imagine Institute

Director of the Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute of Palacký University Olomouc

The Rector of Palacký University Olomouc announces a Call for the Position of Director of the Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute of P...

Czech Republic (CZ)

Palacký University Olomouc

Course lecturer for INFH 5000

The HKUST(GZ) Information Hub is recruiting course lecturer for INFH 5000: Information Science and Technology: Essentials and Trends.

Guangzhou, Guangdong, China

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)

Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine Seeking High-level Talents

Full Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor

Suzhou, Jiangsu, China

Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine (ISM)

Postdoctoral Fellowships: Early Diagnosis and Precision Oncology of Gastrointestinal Cancers

We currently have multiple postdoctoral fellowship positions within the multidisciplinary research team headed by Dr. Ajay Goel, professor and foun...

Monrovia, California

Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Goel Lab

Buy new: $11.25 $11.25 FREE delivery Tuesday, May 7 Ships from: Sprinkle Books Sold by: Sprinkle Books

Buy used: $7.49.

Download the free Kindle app and start reading Kindle books instantly on your smartphone, tablet, or computer - no Kindle device required .

Read instantly on your browser with Kindle for Web.

Using your mobile phone camera - scan the code below and download the Kindle app.

Image Unavailable

Recycling (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

To view this video download Flash Player

Follow the author

Recycling (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series) Paperback – November 12, 2019

Purchase options and add-ons.

Is there a point to recycling? Is recycling even good for the environment? In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Finn Arne Jørgensen answers (drumroll, please): it depends. From a technical point of view, recycling is a series of processes—collecting, sorting, processing, manufacturing. Recycling also has a cultural component; at its core, recycling is about transformation and value, turning material waste into something useful—plastic bags into patio furniture, plastic bottles into T-shirts. Jørgensen offers an accessible and engaging overview of recycling as an activity and as a process at the intersection of the material and the ideological.

Jørgensen follows a series of materials as they move back and forth between producer and consumer, continually transforming in form and value, in a never-ceasing journey toward becoming waste. He considers organic waste and cultural contamination; the history of recyclable writing surfaces from papyrus to newsprint; discarded clothing as it moves from the the Global North to the Global South; the shifting fate of glass bottles; the efficiency of aluminum recycling; the many types of plastic and the difficulties of informed consumer choice; e-waste and technological obsolescence; and industrial waste. Finally, re-asking the question posed by John Tierney in an infamous 1996 New York Times article, “is recycling garbage?” Jørgensen argues that recycling is necessary—as both symbolic action and physical activity that has a tangible effect on the real world.

Part of series The MIT Press Essential Knowledge
Print length 208 pages
Language English
Publisher The MIT Press
Publication date November 12, 2019
Dimensions 5 x 0.52 x 7 inches
ISBN-10 0262537826
ISBN-13 978-0262537827
See all details

Frequently bought together

Similar items that may deliver to you quickly

Sustainability (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)

Editorial Reviews

About the author, product details.

Publisher ‏ : ‎ The MIT Press (November 12, 2019)
Language ‏ : ‎ English
Paperback ‏ : ‎ 208 pages
ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0262537826
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0262537827
Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 7.2 ounces
Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 5 x 0.52 x 7 inches
#263 in Environmental Policy
#507 in Environmental Economics (Books)
#981 in Environmentalism

About the author

Finn arne jorgensen.

Finn Arne Jørgensen (1975- ) is a historian of technology and environment. He is Professor of environmental history at University of Stavanger, Norway. His research centers on the meeting points between technological infrastructures, nature, and environmentalism, arguing that we cannot properly understand and address the sustainability issues the world faces today without exploring the historical intertwining of technology and environment that fundamentally shape our experience of the world. His first book, Making a Green Machine: The Infrastructure of Beverage Container Recycling (Rutgers University Press, 2011) examines the modern history of bottle and can recycling in Norway, Sweden, and the United States. His second book, Recycling (MIT Press), will be out in the fall of 2019. He is also co-editor of New Natures: Joining Environmental History with Science and Technology Studies (with Dolly Jørgensen and Sara B. Pritchard, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2013).

He earned his PhD in Science and Technology Studies (STS) at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim, Norway, in 2007. Together with Dolly Jørgensen, he directs The Greenhouse: An Environmental Humanities Initiative at University of Stavanger.

Visit his web page at http://www.finnarne.net/ or connect with him on Twitter as @finnarne.

Customer reviews

Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them.

To calculate the overall star rating and percentage breakdown by star, we don’t use a simple average. Instead, our system considers things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon. It also analyzed reviews to verify trustworthiness.

Sort reviews by Top reviews Most recent Top reviews

Top reviews from the United States

There was a problem filtering reviews right now. please try again later..

Top reviews from other countries

Amazon Newsletter
About Amazon
Accessibility
Sustainability
Press Center
Investor Relations
Amazon Devices
Amazon Science
Sell on Amazon
Sell apps on Amazon
Supply to Amazon
Protect & Build Your Brand
Become an Affiliate
Become a Delivery Driver
Start a Package Delivery Business
Advertise Your Products
Self-Publish with Us
Become an Amazon Hub Partner
› See More Ways to Make Money
Amazon Visa
Amazon Store Card
Amazon Secured Card
Amazon Business Card
Shop with Points
Credit Card Marketplace
Reload Your Balance
Amazon Currency Converter
Your Account
Your Orders
Shipping Rates & Policies
Amazon Prime
Returns & Replacements
Manage Your Content and Devices
Recalls and Product Safety Alerts
Conditions of Use
Privacy Notice
Consumer Health Data Privacy Disclosure
Your Ads Privacy Choices

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS A lock ( Lock A locked padlock ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Please click here to see any active alerts .

Recycling Basics and Benefits

Recycling is the process of collecting and processing materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash and turning them into new products. Recycling can benefit your community, the economy, and the environment. Products should only be recycled if they cannot be reduced or reused. EPA promotes the waste management hierarchy , which ranks various waste management strategies from most to least environmentally preferred. The hierarchy prioritizes source reduction and the reuse of waste materials over recycling.

On this page:

In the United States in 2018, 292.4 million tons of trash were generated. 146.2 million tons ended up in landfills.

Benefits of Recycling

Recycling System Overview

Challenges to Recycling System

What is being done, environment.

Recycling provides many benefits to our environment. By recycling our materials, we create a healthier planet for ourselves and future generations.

Conserve natural resources: Recycling reduces the need to extract resources such as timber, water, and minerals for new products.

Climate change: According to the most recent EPA data , the recycling and composting of municipal solid waste (MSW or trash) saved over 193 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2018.

Energy savings: Recycling conserves energy. For example, recycling just 10 plastic bottles saves enough energy to power a laptop for more than 25 hours. To estimate how much energy you can save by recycling certain products, EPA developed the individual Waste Reduction Model (iWARM).

Waste and pollution reduction: Recycling diverts waste away from landfills and incinerators, which reduces the harmful effects of pollution and emissions.

EPA released significant findings on the economic benefits of the recycling industry with an update to the national Recycling Economic Information (REI) Study in 2020. This study analyzes the numbers of jobs, wages and tax revenues attributed to recycling. The study found that in a single year, recycling and reuse activities in the United States accounted for:

681,000 jobs,
$37.8 billion in wages, and
$5.5 billion in tax revenues.

This equates to 1.17 jobs per 1,000 tons of materials recycled and $65.23 in wages and $9.42 in tax revenue for every ton of materials recycled. For more information, check out the full report .

Environmental Justice: Across the country, waste management facilities are concentrated in underserved communities, and they can have negative impacts on human health, property values, aesthetic and recreation values, and land productivity. Recycling provides these areas with a healthier and more sustainable alternative.

International: Waste generated in the United States also affects communities in other countries. Recycled materials are exported to some countries that are not able to manage those materials in an environmentally sound manner.

U.S. Recycling System Overview

The recycling process is made up of three steps that are repeated over and over again. This creates a continuous loop which is represented by the familiar chasing arrows recycling symbol. The three steps of the recycling process are described below.

Step 1: Collection and Processing

Businesses and consumers generate recyclables that are then collected by either a private hauler or government entity. There are several methods for collecting recyclables, including curbside collection, drop-off centers, and deposit or refund programs. Visit How do I recycle... Common Recyclables for information on specific materials.

After collection, recyclables are sent to a recovery facility to be sorted, cleaned, and processed into materials that can be used in manufacturing. Recyclables are bought and sold just like raw materials would be, and prices go up and down depending on supply and demand in the United States and around the world.

Step 2: Manufacturing

After processing, recyclables are made into new products at a recycling plant or similar facility. More and more of today's products are being manufactured with recycled content.

Recycled materials are also used in new ways such as recovered glass in asphalt to pave roads or recovered plastic in carpeting and park benches.

Step 3: Purchasing New Products Made from Recycled Materials

You help close the recycling loop by buying new products made from recycled materials. There are thousands of products that contain recycled content. When you go shopping, look for the following:

Products that can be easily recycled
Products that contain recycled content

Below are some of the terms used:

Recycled-content product - The product was manufactured with recycled materials either collected from a recycling program or from waste recovered during the normal manufacturing process. The label will sometimes include how much of the content came from recycled materials.
Post-consumer content - Very similar to recycled content, but the material comes only from recyclables collected from consumers or businesses through a recycling program.
Recyclable product - Products that can be collected, processed, and manufactured into new products after they have been used. These products do not necessarily contain recycled materials. Remember not all kinds of recyclables may be collected in your community, so be sure to check with your local recycling program before you buy.

Some common products you can find that are made with recycled content include the following:

Aluminum cans
Car bumpers
Cereal boxes
Comic books
Egg cartons
Glass containers
Laundry detergent bottles
Paper towels
Steel products

While the benefits of recycling are clear, the current system still faces many challenges.

Many people are confused about what items can be recycled, where they can be recycled and how. This often leads to recyclables going in the trash or trash going in the recycling bin.
America’s recycling infrastructure has not kept pace with today’s waste stream. Communication between the manufacturers of new materials and products and the recycling industry needs to be improved to prepare for and optimally manage the recycling of new materials.
Domestic markets for recycled materials need to be strengthened in the United States. Historically, some of the recycled materials generated in the U.S. have been exported internationally. However, changing international policies have limited the export of materials. Improving communication among the different sectors of the recycling system is needed to strengthen the development of existing materials markets and to develop new innovative markets.
We need to better integrate recycled materials and end-of-life management into product and packaging designs.
More consistent measurement methodologies are necessary to improve recycling system performance. These more standardized metrics can then be used to create effective goals and track progress.

The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law: Transforming U.S. Recycling and Waste Management: The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law is a historic investment in the health, equity, and resilience of American communities. With unprecedented funding to support state and local waste management infrastructure and recycling programs, EPA will improve health and safety and help establish and increase recycling programs nationwide.

National Recycling Strategy : EPA developed the National Recycling Strategy with a focus on advancing the national municipal solid waste recycling system. It identifies strategic objectives and actions to create a stronger, more resilient, and cost-effective recycling system.

Draft Strategy to Prevent Plastics Pollution: This strategy builds upon EPA’s National Recycling Strategy and focuses on actions to reduce, reuse, collect, and capture plastic waste.

America Recycles Day : Every year on November 15, EPA reminds everyone of the importance and impact of recycling through education and outreach.

Basel Convention : The United States is a signatory to the Basel Convention, but has not yet become a Party to the Convention. The Basel Convention establishes standards for the transboundary movement of various types of waste.

Recycle Home
Reduce and Reuse Basics
Frequent Questions on Recycling
How Do I Recycle...
What You Can Do
Used Electronics
Used Batteries
Food Waste Prevention
Composting at Home
Students and Educators

Topic Guide
Articles & Videos
MLA Citation This link opens in a new window
APA Citation This link opens in a new window

North & South

Search for Books & eBooks. To locate other library materials use the BC Libraries homepage .

Search the Library Catalog

Note: You may have to log in with your One Login (BC email) to access library resources.

Broward County Library Catalog Find books at Broward County Library
<< Previous: Library Resources
Next: Articles & Videos >>
Last Updated: Feb 8, 2024 1:15 PM
URL: https://libguides.broward.edu/Recycling

Breaking down recycling challenges, one slice at a time

April 22, 2024

By Michelle Goff

Each day, roughly 43 million Americans eat at least one slice of pizza, according to experts . The hot, cheesy, Italian-inspired dish contributes a whopping $47 billion to the U.S. economy each year, and about a third of those pies come delivered to their destinations in corrugated cardboard boxes.

Even without the containers used for restaurant leftovers, that’s a lot of pizza boxes.

Unfortunately, like many other kinds of food containers, pizza boxes can’t be recycled because of all the contaminants left behind, like grease and cheese.

The contaminants particular to pizza storage are called FOGs, which stands for fats, oils and greases. FOGs like peanut butter in a jar or grease on a cardboard pizza box are next to impossible to fully remove.

Now, pizza-loving researchers at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) are working to solve the pizza box-recycling problem. A recent study shows how to decontaminate cardboard using material separation capabilities.

The study could not only make one of the nation’s favorite foods more ecofriendly, it could also save the lives of U.S. soldiers.

The effort to separate grease, cheese and other contaminants from pizza boxes originated in a research project funded by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) ReSource Program. ReSource was designed to turn warfighter waste, including common plastics, into edible macronutrients and other useful items. On the battlefield, every delivery to troops puts personnel at risk since supply runs can be as vulnerable as the frontlines to enemy attacks. These risky supply runs could be reduced if military bases could convert their waste into usable resources like fuel.

“Material separation will be important for reducing waste across the energy and defense industries,” said Aaron Wilson, the principal investigator for the pizza box experiment. “To make specific separations possible, we need to first prove the overall concept of material separations, which is what this study accomplished.”

So, Wilson and his team set out to prove a broader separation concept to enable success with the warfighter waste project.

Take the cheese out of the cardboard: The pizza box experiment

Wilson and his team created an experimental system using dimethyl ether (DME), an environmentally friendly chemical used in refrigeration processes, and a lot of pizza. The system features two vertical stainless-steel reactors — one to remove liquids from solids using a solvent and the other to remove the solvent from the liquids. A holding tank keeps the solvent separated until the experiment begins.

The team loads items they want to clean (in this case, broken down pieces of the contaminated carboard boxes) into the first reactor, then adds the solvent. Then, they mix the solvent with the cardboard boxes to trigger a chemical reaction that draws the contaminants out of the cardboard.

Once the cardboard is cleaned, the solvent is drained into the lower reactor. The team applies a vacuum to suck the DME solvent from the reactor up through a tube and either pumps it into a holding tank or back into the first cylinder to clean more material. At this point, the FOG contaminants, water and salts are concentrated as crystallized solids in the bottom of the second reactor. The FOGs and aqueous fraction separate from within these solids and can be easily collected.

“With the reactor process, we were able to extract the contaminants into separate fractions,” Wilson said. “We had a fraction dominated by oils, one dominated by water and one dominated with dryer solids.”

Why DME extraction?

This extraction process is a significant improvement over common water washing methods. As Wilson described it, water washing closely resembles soaking the waste that needs cleaning in a dishwasher and then drying the material at a high energy cost. This style of treatment results in a large volume of wastewater, generally equivalent to the volume of the material cleaned.

The wastewater contains a diverse mix of contaminants. Recycling that volume of wastewater and recovering the contaminants for disposal is such a complex process that no good option exists.

In contrast, the DME extraction process operates in a closed loop that recycles the DME solution to clean new waste items. The process can be scaled to any size.

From pizza dinners to the battlefield: What’s next?

The success of the pizza box cleaning case study could enable future projects that convert waste into reusable materials, including the DARPA-funded project on repurposing military waste.

“Knowing that this works for the highly contaminated pizza boxes has helped validate the system for use in the battlefield,” said Jeff Lacey, the principal investigator for the DARPA project. “The biggest challenge now will be making the system lighter.”

Since most military cargo must be transported overseas and across rough terrain, a lightweight system is crucial. Lacey and his team have begun identifying components that could be eliminated or replaced to reduce the reactor system’s weight. Some of the heaviest components were the pump for the DME holding tank and the two reactor vessels.

Researchers are evaluating lighter components, including solvent recovery pumps typically used in air conditioners that weigh 25 pounds compared to the 120-pound pumps used in the initial experiments. Lacey’s team is also exploring carbon fiber pressure vessels designed by a Brigham City, Utah, company for use by NASA, which reduce the reactor vessel weight from 60 pounds to 5 pounds.

The solvent extraction process also might prove useful for recycling batteries. It could enable more efficient battery waste disposal by separating the liquid intermediates from solids. Ultimately, the project contributes to the sustainable idea of a circular economy, because all the materials used to extract one volume of waste can be reused in the next waste extraction process.

“INL started with this pizza box case study because most people care about properly recycling food waste,” said Lacey. “But ultimately, this research has so many possible applications for national security and a net-zero future.”

Related news

Research across cultures: relationships between inl and japanese scientists throughout history, from florida floods to idaho desert: understanding impacts of flood damage on vehicle batteries, lab, industry partnership leads to tech success, about idaho national laboratory.

Battelle Energy Alliance manages INL for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy. INL is the nation’s center for nuclear energy research and development, celebrating 75 years of scientific innovations in 2024. The laboratory performs research in each of DOE’s strategic goal areas: energy, national security, science and the environment.

What People Are Reading

Research across cultures: Relationships between INL and Japanese scientists

In her kitchen, Keiko “Kay” Rohrdanz pours tea into small...

From Florida floods to Idaho desert: Understanding impacts of

Out on the Idaho National Laboratory desert Site sits an...

Twin Falls entrepreneur and inventor Mark Melni is on top...

STEM Scholars, CyberCore and Clean Energy camps registration opens

Idaho National Laboratory is hosting STEM Scholars, CyberCore and Clean...

Battelle Energy Alliance manages INL for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Nuclear Energy

DOE Office of Nuclear Energy
DOE Idaho Operations Office

Idaho National Laboratory 1955 N. Fremont Ave. Idaho Falls, ID 83415 866-495-7440

Equal Opportunity Employer
Privacy and Accessibility
Vulnerability Disclosure Program

RESEARCH AREAS

Nuclear Energy
Integrated Energy
National & Homeland Security
Environment, Safety, Health
Contact Info
Frequently Asked Questions
Bus Operations

PARTNERSHIPS

Research Excellence Programs
Center for Advanced Energy Studies (CAES)
User Facilities
Community & Education Outreach
Economic & Workforce Development
Initiating Business with INL
Fact Sheets

Contact Information
Mission, Vision and Leadership
Science & Technology Overview
Laboratory Directed Research and Development
The Top 20 Questions About Idaho National Laboratory
BUS OPERATIONS
EBR-I Atomic Museum
ENVIRONMENTAL
Environmental Policy
Sustainable INL
Cultural Resources
Annual Site Environmental Report
National Security
LICENSING & PARTNERSHIPS
Licensing Process
Ways to Do Business with INL
Guide: Partner with DOE Labs
PROSPECTIVE SUPPLIERS
Small Business Program
Procurement Opportunities
Vendor Portal
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Community Grants
Community Volunteerism
Request A Speaker
ECONOMIC & WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT
K-12 STEM EDUCATION
K-12 STEM Education Grants
Resource Library
Explore STEM Careers
Interactive Periodic Table of Elements
Community Outreach
National & Homeland Security
Inclusion and Diversity
News Archives
VIEW ALL JOBS
Internships
Joint Appointments
Postdoctoral Positions
INCLUSION & DIVERSITY
EQUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER

Processing, please wait…

Maintenance work is planned for Wednesday 1st May 2024 from 9:00am to 11:00am (BST).

During this time, the performance of our website may be affected - searches may run slowly and some pages may be temporarily unavailable. If this happens, please try refreshing your web browser or try waiting two to three minutes before trying again.

We apologise for any inconvenience this might cause and thank you for your patience.

Chemical Society Reviews

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements †.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore E-mail: [email protected]

b The University of Danang – University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang Str., Danang City, Vietnam

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used as power storage systems in electronic devices and electric vehicles (EVs). Recycling of spent LIBs is of utmost importance from various perspectives including recovery of valuable metals (mostly Co and Li) and mitigation of environmental pollution. Recycling methods such as direct recycling, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, bio-hydrometallurgy (bioleaching) and electrometallurgy are generally used to resynthesise LIBs. These methods have their own benefits and drawbacks. This manuscript provides a critical review of recent advances in the recycling of spent LIBs, including the development of recycling processes, identification of the products obtained from recycling, and the effects of recycling methods on environmental burdens. Insights into chemical reactions, thermodynamics, kinetics, and the influence of operating parameters of each recycling technology are provided. The sustainability of recycling technologies ( e.g. , life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis) is critically evaluated. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects are presented for further development of sustainable, highly efficient, and environmentally benign recycling of spent LIBs to contribute to the circular economy.

Graphical abstract: Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements

This article is part of the themed collection: Celebrating the scientific accomplishments of RSC Fellows

Supplementary files

Supplementary information PDF (1353K)

Article information

Download Citation

Permissions.

Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future: recent advancements

B. K. Biswal, B. Zhang, P. Thi Minh Tran, J. Zhang and R. Balasubramanian, Chem. Soc. Rev. , 2024, Advance Article , DOI: 10.1039/D3CS00898C

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence . You can use material from this article in other publications, without requesting further permission from the RSC, provided that the correct acknowledgement is given and it is not used for commercial purposes.

To request permission to reproduce material from this article in a commercial publication , please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given.

If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party commercial publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page .

Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content .

Social activity

Search articles by author.

This article has not yet been cited.

The secret to saving old books could be gluten-free glues

"Bookworm" is a cute thing to call a voracious reader, but actual bookworms -- as well as microorganisms and time -- break down the flour pastes commonly used to keep old publications in one piece. Now, researchers in ACS' Journal of Proteome Research have analyzed the proteins in wheat-based glues applied in historic bookbinding to provide insights on their adhesiveness and how they degrade. This information could help conservators restore and preserve treasured tomes for future generations.

Wheat-based glues have been used as far back as Ancient Egypt, but little is known about their protein makeup. Flour glues are made from the insides of wheat grains, which includes the gluten that's so delicious to bookworms and microorganisms alike. Starch glue, on the other hand, is made from the proteins that remain after most of that gluten is removed, making it less attractive to pests. Understanding the nature of the proteins in these glues and how they affect the adhesives would help book conservators choose the best approaches and materials for their work. So, Rocio Prisby and colleagues created protein profiles for both flour and starch glues, identified differences between them, then used this information to analyze books from the National Library of Medicine (NLM) archives.

To create the protein profiles, called proteomes, the researchers first extracted proteins from lab-made versions of flour and starch glues. Then, they used mass spectrometry data and bioinformatics software to identify the types and relative abundance of proteins in the samples. The team discovered that flour glue has more proteins, and a wider variety of them, than starch glue. Additionally, the proteins in starch glue were particularly durable and flexible, making it a potentially better choice than flour glue for book repairs.

The researchers next used their protein profiles to analyze historic book binding samples from the NLM archives. They confirmed that the adhesives were flour-based because of their gluten content and identified degraded gluten in the samples, which could indicate damage and a loss of stickiness. They also identified that the chemical breakdown of leather and glue in a book's cover impact each other, possibly leading to faster overall deterioration. This work provides information that could signal to a conservator the need for repair, potentially preventing a book from being damaged or destroyed. More broadly, the researchers state that the results demonstrate the potential of protein analysis in guiding conservation efforts.

The authors acknowledge support from the National Library of Medicine.

Biochemistry
Organic Chemistry
Nature of Water
Electronics
Early Climate
Origin of Life
Archaeology
Structural alignment (genomics)
Electron microscope
Introduction to genetics
Scientific method
Catalytic converter

Story Source:

Materials provided by American Chemical Society . Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

Journal Reference :

Rocio Prisby, Alessandra Luchini, Lance A. Liotta, Caroline Solazzo. Wheat-Based Glues in Conservation and Cultural Heritage: (Dis)solving the Proteome of Flour and Starch Pastes and Their Adhering Properties . Journal of Proteome Research , 2024; DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00804

Cite This Page :

Explore More

New Circuit Boards Can Be Repeatedly Recycled
Collisions of Neutron Stars and Black Holes
Advance in Heart Regenerative Therapy
Bioluminescence in Animals 540 Million Years Ago
Profound Link Between Diet and Brain Health
Loneliness Runs Deep Among Parents
Food in Sight? The Liver Is Ready!
Acid Reflux Drugs and Risk of Migraine
Do Cells Have a Hidden Communication System?
Mice Given Mouse-Rat Brains Can Smell Again

Nadia Shouraboura

Nadia Shouraboura is a Russian-American mathematician, data scientist and entrepreneur.

Early life and education

External links.

She was born and raised in Moscow. Her parents were mathematicians. [1]

She studied mathematics and computer science at Moscow State University. [2]

She holds a PhD in mathematics from Princeton University. [3] Her doctoral advisor was Bernard Chazelle . [4]

She served as vice president of technology at Amazon for 8 years. [5]

During her career at Amazon, she has also received 4 patents. [6]

After leaving Amazon, she became a serial entrepreneur and started a number of companies, including Hointer and Starlight Multimedia. She has served on the board of numerous companies, including Cimpress, Ferguson, X5 Retail Group . [7] [8]

She is currently the CEO of Hointer, which is a men's clothing retailer, based in Seattle . [9]

Iowa City launches book donation and recycling program to promote sustainability

The Iowa City Public Library Friends Foundation (ICPLFF) and the Iowa City Landfill and Recycling Center have launched a collaborative program in an effort to recycle books.

Books in good condition will be resold to benefit the library, while damaged ones will be recycled. The initiative promotes sustainability by reducing waste and supporting the ICPL and its ongoing community engagements.

“While recycling is beneficial, it is even better if we can reduce and reuse whenever possible,” said the Recycling Coordinator for Iowa City Public Works, Jane Wilch, in a news release. “Continuing to use quality books if they are intact is more impactful in reducing our climate footprint than recycling them. Making this program even more sustainable, we are thrilled that funds raised through this program can offer direct support to our local public library, a vital community resource.”

Donations can be made at designated locations across Iowa City, including the ICPL (123 S Linn St.) and the Iowa City Landfill and Recycling Center (3900 Hebl Ave. SW). Each site has different donation requirements.

More: City of Coralville grants 100% tax abatement for new esports facility development

Public Library accepting books released within last 5 years

Donations will be accepted at the first-floor information desk anytime the Iowa City Public Library is open. A maximum of two boxes of books will be accepted without an appointment. Appointments can be made by calling the library or via email .

Acceptable donations include recently released books, but books released within the last five years are preferred. Most types of books, excluding encyclopedias and textbooks, are accepted, audiobooks on CD, and DVDs in the original case. The library will not accept donations of books that are moldy, wet, or infested with bugs, VHS tapes, cassette tapes, CDs, encyclopedias, or textbooks.

Donated books will be resold at The Book End bookstore on the second floor of the library or at one of the book sales throughout the year, with all the proceeds going to the library. The next book sale will be on Friday, June 16, and Saturday, June 17.

More: New leadership, same spirit: Iowa City Farmers' Market returns with a new director

Iowa City landfill offers a self-service book collector

The Iowa City Landfill and Recycling Center also accepts donations through a self-service book collection located in the electronic recycling garage. A maximum of six boxes are allowed without an appointment. Appointments can be made by calling the landfill.

The landfill accepts all books, including encyclopedias and textbooks, audiobooks on CD, and DVDs in original casing. Moldy, wet, or bug-infested books will not be allowed, nor will VHS or cassette tapes.

Items in good condition will be shipped to Thriftbooks for resale, and all proceeds from the sale of these items directly benefit the Iowa City Public Library.

Where to donate

Iowa City Public Library

Location: 123 S Linn St., Iowa City

Contact: 319-356-5200 or [email protected]

Website: icpl.org

Hours: 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Monday through Thursday, 10 a.m. to 8 p.m. Friday, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Saturday, 12 p.m. to 5 p.m. Sunday

Iowa City Landfill and Recycling Center

Location: 3900 Hebl Ave. SW, Iowa City

Contact: 319-356-5185

Hours: 7 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday through Saturday, closed on Sunday

Website: icgov.org

Jessica Rish is an entertainment, dining and business reporter for the Iowa City Press-Citizen. She can be reached at [email protected] or on X, formerly known as Twitter, @rishjessica_

Bahasa Indonesia
Slovenščina
Science & Tech
Russian Kitchen

Science students start recycling campaign in Moscow Region

'Clear Action' project has already sent off about 10 tons of paper to be recycled. Source: Press photo

The idea of a recycling system was suggested to Anton Fedorenko—a young scientist and a Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) student—by his friend last winter, and, as easy as April, he and his friends had presented a recycling project to Potanin Scholarship Charity Foundation, which helps outstanding students improve themselves. With the financial help of this foundation, as well as partial aid from the Institute, project “Clear Action” (“Chistoye Delo” in Russian) was born.

First, students designed a special container for paper waste. There were many difficulties, including long delays with assembly, problems with finding a place for installation and subsequent failure with the storage location. Still, paper collection became rather popular. Clear Action no longer needed an advertisement: Students would come up every day with piles of paper, while others would come to offer their help.

Thus, after a long discussion with the Institute’s administration, it was decided to build a 15,000-gallon cabin for the collection and storage of paper on campus. Specially designed with attention to detail, the cabin was ready by the end of this academic year.

“I can’t say it was very difficult to do this. Of course, we had some minor problems, but we were ready for them; other students and even workers from a construction site nearby were glad to help us,” says Anton.

Now this collection center works day and night, and everyone can leave paper in its special window. Regularly, workers come and pack the collected paper accurately. When the volume of paper becomes large enough, a truck moves it to one of the recycling centers nearby.

One ton of wastepaper saves 10 trees. There are around 3,000 students at MIPT and several offices, so around 22 pounds of paper are spent each year. This means that one year of recycling paper on MIPT campus will save about 300,000 trees.

“By the way, there were some fun moments. Once, a girl asked me to let her look through the tossed paper, because she thought she threw her passport in with it as well. Or when we were helping a local publishing office and, while we were moving packs of paper, I found an old envelope with 10 dollars in it. That was a bit strange, but we gave it back to the office,” the MIPT student says.

By now, Clear Action has sent off about 10 tons of paper to be recycled.

In the near future, Clear Action plans to buy a press for plastic and install special containers for plastic bottles around the city of Dolgoprudny, where MIPT is located. Some of these containers have already been placed on the campus.

“We are discussing this with the administration of the city. Our project is not just ecologically friendly, but it also could bring in income. So, we already have some companies ready to cooperate,” says Anton. According to calculations, it will cost around 1.1 million rubles ($34,000) per 100 000 citizens.

Click to enlarge the image 'Clear Action' of the MIPT

By their plan, people will just throw plastic bottles into containers next to ordinary waste baskets, where, once a week, a collector will come by and take the recycled plastics to the press. After this, pressed plastic will go to one of the recycling centers in Moscow. Clear Action is planning to enlarge its territory of collection and acquire a special recycling machine. It will simplify the entire process.

In addition, to ensure that the system continues to work even if the founders move away, the plan is to grow into a stable project with professional workers and cleaners, rather than volunteers or students who can suddenly give up on their duties.

“It’s not as difficult as it seems. In a number of cities—for example, in Kharkov [Ukraine] where I am from—this practice is used successfully,” says Anton.

Yet this project is not just about ecology. One of its co-founders started researching the bacteria contained in wastepaper. In addition, Anton himself is also working on another project named "Emission," based on the works of Nobel Prize winner Luc Montagnier and promising a breakthrough in agriculture and medicine.

Anton is going to continue the Clear Action campaign, even after graduating from the Institute: “We will work for it as long as we are here. And even if we would move away, the project would be settled enough to continue working without us.”

to our newsletter!

Get the week's best stories straight to your inbox

This website uses cookies. Click here to find out more.

Visit the University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Apply to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln
Give to the University of Nebraska–Lincoln

Search Form

Nebraska on-farm research network releases 2023 research results publication.

2023 Research Results book on top of soil

The Nebraska On-Farm Research Network (NOFRN) is placing research results into producers’ hands through its 2023 Research Results book — a publication that highlights findings from approximately 80 on-farm research studies conducted in Nebraska during the 2023 growing season.

"The research results in this book equip producers with the tools to harness local insights, enabling them to make well-informed decisions that optimize both productivity and profitability on their own operation" said Taylor Lexow, NOFRN Project Coordinator.

Studies in the 2023 Research Results book cover various topics, including crop production, fertility and soil management, non-traditional products, cover crops, crop protection and equipment. The 2023 publication, along with publications from previous years, is now available on the NOFRN’s website.

With planting season upon us, now is the time to dig deeper into agricultural practices and determine what best fits the needs of every operation. Download a copy of the 2023 Research Results book today from the NOFRN site .

For more information about the 2023 Research Results book or the NOFRN, please contact Taylor Lexow at 402-245-2222 .

About the NOFRN

The Nebraska On-Farm Research Network (NOFRN) is a program of Nebraska Extension that partners with farmers to evaluate agricultural practices and provide innovative solutions that impact farm productivity, profitability and sustainability. It is supported by the Nebraska Corn Board, the Nebraska Corn Growers Association, the Nebraska Soybean Checkoff and the Nebraska Dry Bean Commission. To learn more about the NOFRN, visit its website .

2023 Research Results Book

Online Master of Science in Agronomy

With a focus on industry applications and research, the online program is designed with maximum flexibility for today's working professionals.

DE (DE) - Deutsch
EN (GB) - English

Techtextil News

Stay up to date and don’t miss any news about Techtextil. Our newsletter provides you with the latest information and practical tips for your visit to the fair.

Techtextil & Texprocess score with growth and set as drivers of innovation the course for future-proof industries

26 Apr 2024

High-tech textiles in twelve application areas, the global innovative power of technical textiles and nonwovens as well as the digitalisation of the textile-processing industry: with 38,000 visitors from 102 countries and 1,700 exhibitors from 53 countries, Techtextil and Texprocess have grown in terms of exhibitor numbers and recorded a 29 percent increase in visitor numbers. At the leading trade fairs, the density of forward-looking textile solutions that are transforming entire industries was particularly noticeable.

Techtextil and Texprocess 2024 ended with 1,700 exhibitors from 53 countries, 38,000 visitors from 102 countries and a 29 percent increase in visitor numbers. The top visitor nations were Germany, Italy, France, Turkey and the Netherlands. The top exhibitor nations were Germany, Italy, China, France and Turkey. Countries such as Egypt, China, Indonesia, Kosovo, Luxembourg, Moldova and Thailand contributed to the expansion of exhibitors, among others.

In times of emerging AI technologies, increasing legislative requirements and high energy costs, both trade fairs offered the markets the most important international marketplace for product innovations along the textile value chain at the right time: "With an overwhelming atmosphere and growth in size, exhibitors and visitors, Techtextil and Texprocess made it clear: textile innovation for a wide range of industries can only be found in this global width and strength here in Frankfurt. The textile industry, through both leading trade fairs, becomes the driving force and enabler for cross-industry transformations and a globally future-proof economy", said Detlef Braun, Member of the Executive Board, Messe Frankfurt GmbH.

75 percent of visitors - including producers, engineers from various industries, architects, processors, industrial designers, clothing and construction material manufacturers, R&D decision-makers, medical developers, product developers and other top executives - thoroughly leveraged the cross-networking opportunities, spanning from the preliminary stages of Techtextil to the wide array of processing and clothing technologies offered at Texprocess. The trade fair duo thereby set the stage for numerous international collaborations and business initiations, fostering innovation across sectors and making them market-ready.

Visitor satisfaction at a very high level

Exhibitors and visitors made intensive use of the trade fairs as efficient sales channels, made new international contacts and gained a concentrated overview of the global spectrum of high-tech textiles that can be used across industries, as well as the latest machines and technologies for textile processing. Visitor satisfaction at both events was at a very high level: 95 percent of visitors were satisfied overall with their trade fair visit, achieved their trade fair objectives and were impressed by the range of exhibitors.

20 years of Techtextil: biggest edition sets new standards

In its anniversary edition, Techtextil set a record in terms of size and underlined the dynamic growth and innovative strength of the textile industry.

Studies confirm the enormous future prospects of technical textiles: Fortune Business Insights [1] estimates the global market at 225.99 billion dollars in 2023 and forecasts an increase to 346.67 billion dollars by 2030. Similar forecasts by Allied Market Research [2] expect an increase to 331.8 billion dollars by 2032. Within the EU textile industry, technical textiles are the most dynamic drivers of demand in sectors such as medicine, agriculture, construction, outdoor clothing and automotive.

Techtextil is the only platform in the world to showcase the entire range of high-tech textiles across 12 application areas. In addition to examples such as medical textiles with a virus barrier, fibre structures for sound insulation in the construction industry or technical nonwovens for the automotive industry, these also included innovative world firsts in 2024: from the latest weaving technology with an open shed from the start-up Casmue, a new type of coating for self-cooling textiles from the German Institutes of Textile and Fibre Research Denkendorf to recyclable insulating textiles made of bio-based aerogel fibres from the start-up SA-Dynamics. Techtextil also placed a clear focus on sustainable action and production. More than 15 percent of the exhibitors presented natural fibres and materials.

"Techtextil is the most important industry event of the year for us and went really well for us in 2024. Once again, we were able to showcase our technology expertise to visitors. The special aspect about this global industry meeting place is that it not only brings us potential new customers, but we also meet our partner companies and suppliers here. The connection with Texprocess creates fantastic synergies. Techtextil 2024 has made it clear that the industry is on the move and sustainability is the overarching theme. We were surprised and pleased that we were visited by a particularly large number of young visitors - students as well as young innovators - with very specific requests for cooperation, also with regard to our sustainable solutions," says Holger Michael Steingräber, Senior Vice President Global Marketing & Communications, Freudenberg Performance Materials.

"Techtextil 2024 has shown: We are on the right track with investments in circular economy. The response to our scalable solution that recycles garments into multifibres was downright enthusiastic. The trade fair went very well for us. We met existing and new customers, especially from Scandinavia and Southern Europe. What we really appreciate about Techtextil: Our end customers come to the show and exchange ideas with us in order to understand the benefits of our developments for their employees. And last but not least, Techtextil is simply the right place to present your innovation," says Amaury Sartorius, Managing Director, Klopman.

"Techtextil is extremely important and very valuable for us. We see and feel the market, meet our customers, suppliers and new interested parties from all over the world, especially from Europe and overseas. Sustainability is the hot topic here in the exhibition halls and is much more present than it was two years ago. Textile companies around the world are working hard to reduce CO 2 emissions and comply with CSR regulations. The tightening European regulations are playing a large part in this. Accordingly, the demand here at Techtextil for our sustainable developments, such as our PVC alternative with fifty percent CO 2 savings, is strong," says Michèle Sioen, CEO, Sioen Industries.

"Techtextil was an outstanding experience for us at Lenzing. The trade fair was very well attended and we were able to maintain valuable customer contacts and gain new ones. The diversity of visitors was particularly impressive - from experienced experts to curious students who came to find out about our innovative and sustainable fibre technologies. It is clearly noticeable that the topic of recycling is becoming increasingly important. Techtextil was a complete success for us," says Oliver Spöcker, Global Sales Director, Lenzing AG.

[1] Fortune Business Insights (2024): Market Research Report (Database: 2022)

[2] Allied Market Research (2024): Technical Textile Market by Material (Natural Fiber, Synthetic Polymers/Fibers, Mineral Fiber, Regenerated Fiber, Metal Fiber, and Others), Process (Woven, Knitted, Non-Woven, and Others) and End-Use Application (MobilTech, InduTech, SporTech, BuildTech, HomeTech, ClothTech, MediTech, AgroTech, ProTech, PackTech, GeoTech, and OekoTech): Global Opportunity Analysis And Industry Forecast, 2023-2032.

Texprocess strengthens its pioneering role in digitalisation and automation

At Texprocess, a vast array of cutting-edge machines, processes, and services for textile and apparel processing were exhibited, spanning from innovative AI technologies to design systems and visualization tools, along with highly efficient cutting and state-of-the-art sewing machines. Texprocess presented pivotal solutions harnessing the latest technologies.

"For the Texprocess exhibitors, this trade fair was more important than ever before. The entire textile processing industry is facing enormous challenges worldwide, such as changing trade conditions or labor shortages. Many new technological solutions to these challenges were on show at Texprocess. There are great new developments, especially in the areas of digitalisation, automation and AI. Texprocess has thus focused on the future and highlighted many new opportunities", says Elgar Straub, Managing Director, VDMA Textile Care, Fabrics and Leather Technologies.

"Against the backdrop of the current industry situation, our expectations were rather muted. The trade fair really exceeded them. The visitors were very well balanced in terms of internationality and fields of application. Europe was there entirely, but also the Middle East, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, the USA and Mexico. Our customers drive automation and process optimisation. We presented future-oriented solutions in this field - including our CNC sewing unit with rotating sewing kinematics, which won the Innovation Award, as well as an AI-based seam correction", says Michael Kilian, COO, Dürkopp Adler.

In the areas of sewing technology and cutting solutions, Texprocess offered the world's most comprehensive range of suppliers presenting pioneering solutions for efficient and advanced manufacturing processes - also through AI: "This year, we presented our latest innovation, which integrates AI directly on the machine. Texprocess is exactly the right platform for this: a meeting point for technology, partnerships, customers from all over the world and indispensable for the global fashion industry. We made numerous new contacts, including from markets new to us such as South Africa and Australia," emphasises Marta Maiandi, CTO, Orox Group. The exhibitor Eurolaser was also delighted: "The trade fair went excellently for us. Visitors came from all over Europe, the USA, Mexico and further interesting markets and, of course, from very diverse application areas such as protective clothing, medicine and automotive. The format trade fair is back in full force. Our biggest innovation is our camera system, which sits directly on the bar. It scans the entire table in three seconds and optimises the cut and contours," says Laura Capone, Chief Sales Officer, Eurolaser.

The exhibitor Assyst provided insights into what a completely digital, sustainable and profitable future for the fashion industry looks like - with AI-driven solutions that support design in the creative process and visualise styles in real time: "Texprocess 2024 was extremely successful for us. Our visitors were enthusiastic about how uncomplicated digitalisation becomes for the apparel industry when AI, 3D simulation and 2D CAD are seamlessly integrated. With a highly interested international trade audience, the trade fair offers the ideal environment to present this type of product innovation," says Hans Peter Hiemer, Managing Director, Style3D | Assyst.

Trade fair duo shines with research, knowledge transfer and high-quality content

A powerful mix of topics drove the intensive exchange between research and industry and provided visitors with important impulses on the newest textile solutions, intelligent materials and the latest research results in the sectors. Numerous exhibitors, start-ups and renowned research institutes demonstrated at both trade fairs that AI, digitalisation and automation are significantly advancing the industry. Whether textile recycling, fault detection in production and processing, networked production steps or smart clothing that monitors the wearer's physical functions - the new opportunities offered by AI and digitalisation are multifaceted. These technologies are paving the way for the future of the industry.

Latest materials and recycling technologies in times of legislative requirements

In times of upcoming legislative requirements as part of the EU strategy for sustainable textiles, Techtextil and Texprocess focussed on recyclable solutions and the latest research results on resource efficiency and recyclability. This was also reflected in the increased number of exhibitors in the Econogy Finder: more than twice as many exhibitors were checked against the criteria of recognised labels and certificates as well as the Sustainable Development Goals and were included in the Finder. In addition, the Econogy Talks provided a platform for dialogue on resource-saving solutions, while the Econogy Tours led by an independent expert provided first-hand insights on sustainable products.

The next edition of Techtextil and Texprocess will be held from 21 to 24 April 2026.

Press information and photographic material: https://techtextil.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/press.html https://texprocess.messefrankfurt.com/frankfurt/en/press.html

Social Media: www.facebook.com/techtextil www.facebook.com/texprocess www.linkedin.com/showcase/techtextil www.linkedin.com/showcase/texprocess www.instagram.com/techtextil_texprocess www.twitter.com/ttx_tp

Newsroom: Information about the international textile industry and Messe Frankfurt's global textile trade fairs can be found at: www.texpertise-network.com

Background information on Messe Frankfurt

www.messefrankfurt.com/background-information

Sustainability at Messe Frankfurt

www.messefrankfurt.com/sustainability-information

Ivonne Seifert

Director Marketing Communications

Phone +49 69 75 75-61 57

Fax +49 69 75 75-67 81

[email protected]

Techtextil & Texprocess score with growth and set as drivers of innovation the course for future-proof industries ( pdf , 276 KB)

Development of a Process for Melting Cast High-Temperature Alloys Using Refined Wastes

Resource Saving
Published: 28 September 2018
Volume 2018 , pages 593–597, ( 2018 )

Cite this article

I. V. Kabanov 1 ,
A. V. Murueva 1 ,
T. A. Topilina 1 &
S. Ya. Vlasov 1

27 Accesses

Explore all metrics

To the Centenary of Metallurgical Plant Electrostal

A technology is developed to refine the wastes of cast high-temperature alloys in the form of scrap, crop ends, and chips for the production of cast bars from in order to involve these wastes in making cast high-temperature alloys. The quality of the alloys melted using the refined wastes meets the requirements of the specifications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Approval of a Method for Processing Aluminum Alloy Waste Cans Using a Combined Rolling and Pressing Method

Development of Thermomechanical Processes as an Alternative to Grain Refiners in 18 Carat Gold Alloys

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

AO Metallurgicheskii Zavod Elektrostal, Elektrostal, Moscow oblast, Russia

I. V. Kabanov, A. V. Murueva, T. A. Topilina & S. Ya. Vlasov

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to I. V. Kabanov .

Additional information

Original Russian Text © I.V. Kabanov, A.V. Murueva, T.A. Topilina, S.Ya. Vlasov, 2018, published in Elektrometallurgiya, 2018, No. 1, pp. 30–35.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Kabanov, I.V., Murueva, A.V., Topilina, T.A. et al. Development of a Process for Melting Cast High-Temperature Alloys Using Refined Wastes. Russ. Metall. 2018 , 593–597 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029518060095

Download citation

Received : 07 June 2017

Published : 28 September 2018

Issue Date : June 2018

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029518060095

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

cast high-temperature alloys
as-cast bar
chemical composition
Find a journal
Publish with us
Track your research

Topics ›
E-books in the U.S. ›

E-Books Still No Match for Printed Books

E-books vs. printed books.

Happy World Book Day! While UNESCO's General Conference probably thought of ink on paper when it first celebrated the event in 1995, some 21st century book lovers have moved onto enjoying the pastime in the electronic form. In the following chart, we compare just how popular e-books are versus those in print.

According to data from Statista’s Market Insights: Media & Advertising , e-book penetration still trails that of printed books in the vast majority of countries around the world. In the United States for example, 20 percent of the population are estimated to have purchased an e-book last year, compared to 30 percent who bought a printed book. China is the only country of those studied that saw the opposite trend, with only 24 percent of people having bought a printed book in the 12 months prior to the survey, while around 27 percent of people bought an e-book in that time frame.

Looking at forecasts for the book market on a worldwide scale, Statista analysts predict that while e-books have grown in popularity, they will not be the final nail in the coffin of printed books but rather a complementary product that should ultimately benefit the publishing industry.

Description

This chart shows the estimated share of the population in selected countries that purchased an e-book / a printed book in 2023.

Can I integrate infographics into my blog or website?

Yes, Statista allows the easy integration of many infographics on other websites. Simply copy the HTML code that is shown for the relevant statistic in order to integrate it. Our standard is 660 pixels, but you can customize how the statistic is displayed to suit your site by setting the width and the display size. Please note that the code must be integrated into the HTML code (not only the text) for WordPress pages and other CMS sites.

Infographic: E-Books Still No Match for Printed Books | Statista

Infographic Newsletter

Statista offers daily infographics about trending topics, covering: Economy & Finance , Politics & Society , Tech & Media , Health & Environment , Consumer , Sports and many more.

Related Infographics

Copyright infringement, the media industries most affected by piracy, page turner: printed book sales rising again in the u.s., global book market, book market expected to rally after covid slump, u.s. book market, u.s. readers are getting less voracious, book market worldwide, the world's biggest book publishers, epublishing, the uk is on top of european epublishing for now, author earnings, u.s. authors suffer drastic decline in earnings, media consumption, despite digital age physical books still reign supreme, amazon prime, amazon prime's cost is peanuts compared to its value, ebook pricing around the world, reading habits in the united states, e-books by the numbers.

Who may use the "Chart of the Day"? The Statista "Chart of the Day", made available under the Creative Commons License CC BY-ND 3.0, may be used and displayed without charge by all commercial and non-commercial websites. Use is, however, only permitted with proper attribution to Statista. When publishing one of these graphics, please include a backlink to the respective infographic URL. More Information
Which topics are covered by the "Chart of the Day"? The Statista "Chart of the Day" currently focuses on two sectors: "Media and Technology", updated daily and featuring the latest statistics from the media, internet, telecommunications and consumer electronics industries; and "Economy and Society", which current data from the United States and around the world relating to economic and political issues as well as sports and entertainment.
Does Statista also create infographics in a customized design? For individual content and infographics in your Corporate Design, please visit our agency website www.statista.design

Any more questions?

Get in touch with us quickly and easily. we are happy to help.

Feel free to contact us anytime using our contact form or visit our FAQ page .

Statista Content & Design

Need infographics, animated videos, presentations, data research or social media charts?

More Information

The Statista Infographic Newsletter

Receive a new up-to-date issue every day for free.

Our infographics team prepares current information in a clear and understandable format
Relevant facts covering media, economy, e-commerce, and FMCG topics
Use our newsletter overview to manage the topics that you have subscribed to

An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Take action

Report an antitrust violation
File adjudicative documents
Find banned debt collectors
View competition guidance
Competition Matters Blog

New HSR thresholds and filing fees for 2024

View all Competition Matters Blog posts

We work to advance government policies that protect consumers and promote competition.

View Policy

Search or browse the Legal Library

Find legal resources and guidance to understand your business responsibilities and comply with the law.

Browse legal resources

Find policy statements
Submit a public comment

Vision and Priorities

Memo from Chair Lina M. Khan to commission staff and commissioners regarding the vision and priorities for the FTC.

Technology Blog

Consumer facing applications: a quote book from the tech summit on ai.

View all Technology Blog posts

Advice and Guidance

Learn more about your rights as a consumer and how to spot and avoid scams. Find the resources you need to understand how consumer protection law impacts your business.

Report fraud
Report identity theft
Register for Do Not Call
Sign up for consumer alerts

Get Business Blog updates

Get your free credit report
Find refund cases
Order bulk publications
Consumer Advice
Shopping and Donating
Credit, Loans, and Debt
Jobs and Making Money
Unwanted Calls, Emails, and Texts
Identity Theft and Online Security
Business Guidance
Advertising and Marketing
Credit and Finance
Privacy and Security
By Industry
For Small Businesses
Browse Business Guidance Resources
Business Blog

Servicemembers: Your tool for financial readiness

Visit militaryconsumer.gov

Get consumer protection basics, plain and simple

Visit consumer.gov

Learn how the FTC protects free enterprise and consumers

Visit Competition Counts

Looking for competition guidance?

Competition Guidance

News and Events

Latest news, ftc finalizes changes to the health breach notification rule.

View News and Events

Upcoming Event

Older adults and fraud: what you need to know.

View more Events

Follow us on social media

--> --> --> --> -->

Playing it Safe: Explore the FTC's Top Video Game Cases

Learn about the FTC's notable video game cases and what our agency is doing to keep the public safe.

Latest Data Visualization

FTC Refunds to Consumers

Explore refund statistics including where refunds were sent and the dollar amounts refunded with this visualization.

About the FTC

Our mission is protecting the public from deceptive or unfair business practices and from unfair methods of competition through law enforcement, advocacy, research, and education.

Learn more about the FTC

Meet the Chair

Lina M. Khan was sworn in as Chair of the Federal Trade Commission on June 15, 2021.

Chair Lina M. Khan

Looking for legal documents or records? Search the Legal Library instead.

Cases and Proceedings
Premerger Notification Program
Merger Review
Anticompetitive Practices
Competition and Consumer Protection Guidance Documents
Warning Letters
Consumer Sentinel Network
Criminal Liaison Unit
FTC Refund Programs
Notices of Penalty Offenses
Advocacy and Research
Advisory Opinions
Cooperation Agreements
Federal Register Notices
Public Comments
Policy Statements
International
Office of Technology Blog
Military Consumer
Consumer.gov
Bulk Publications
Data and Visualizations
Stay Connected
Commissioners and Staff
Bureaus and Offices
Budget and Strategy
Office of Inspector General
Careers at the FTC

The FTC’s Tech Summit on AI 1 convened three panels that highlighted different layers of the AI tech stack: hardware and infrastructure, data and models, and consumer-facing applications. This third Quote Book is focused on consumer-facing applications. This post outlines the purpose of the quote book, a summary of the panel, and relevant topics and actions raised by the FTC.

Purpose of the quote book

A key component of the FTC’s work is to listen to the people on the ground who experience or have knowledge of the effects of innovation in real time—the engineers building next-generation cloud-computing platforms, the data scientists training AI models, the investigative journalists reporting on the marketplace, or the startups building applications to improve consumers’ lives. As policymakers debate the benefits or risks of new technologies, these voices can sometimes be lost in otherwise dense technical, policy, or legal discussions. The FTC’s tech summit is one component of our effort to listen and engage with a variety of perspectives.

The Quote Book aims to reflect and compile quotes from the participants, aggregated into common themes. The Quote Book is a resource to distill various perspectives on topics, from ways to enable competition and innovation, to potential consumer concerns like deceptive marketing and privacy risks.

Overview of the panel on consumer facing applications

In the session, panelists discussed factors to build a model along with the risks and benefits of AI-enabled products and services. Some discussed more nuanced topics including norms of tech product design and deployment, including how products are being deployed to hundreds of millions of users with known harms, and without incentives for companies to mitigate risks upfront. In addition, panelists mentioned that end-user AI applications can create harmful outcomes that stem from data collection, sharing, use, and monetization tactics, discriminatory algorithms, and security practices.

The panelists shared that companies may be employing marketing tactics such as ill-defined “AI Safety” or “Privacy Enhancing” labels to falsely build trust with consumers – and that these terms should not be taken as a blanket shield to break the law.

The topics discussed in the panel are not new for the FTC. The agency has a track record of addressing consumer-facing harms due to AI-generated technologies. Below are some highlights of the FTC’s work making clear that there is no AI exemption from the laws on the books. 2

Quietly changing terms of service agreements could be unfair or deceptive. 3 Companies developing AI products possess a continuous appetite for more and newer data. They face a potential conflict of interest to turn the abundant flow of user data into more fuel for AI products while maintaining their commitments to protect users’ privacy. Companies might be tempted to resolve this conflict by simply changing the terms of their privacy policy so that they are no longer restricted in the ways they can use their customers’ data. And to avoid backlash from users who are concerned about their privacy, companies may try to make these changes surreptitiously. But market participants should be on notice that any firm that reneges on its user privacy commitments risks running afoul of the law. It may be unfair or deceptive for a company to adopt more permissive data practices—for example, to start sharing consumers’ data with third parties or using that data for AI training—and to only inform consumers of this change through a surreptitious, retroactive amendment to its terms of service or privacy policy.

Model-as-a-service companies that deceive users about how their data is collected may be violating the law. 4 This includes promises made by companies that they won’t use customer data for secret purposes, such as to train or update their models—be it directly or through workarounds. In prior enforcement actions, the FTC has required businesses that unlawfully obtained consumer data to delete any products—including models and algorithms 5 developed in whole or in part using that unlawfully obtained data. The FTC will continue to ensure that firms are not reaping business benefits from violating the law.

Claims of privacy and security do not shield anticompetitive conduct. 6

The FTC will closely scrutinize any claims that competition must be impeded to advance privacy or security. In the face of concerns about anticompetitive conduct, companies may claim privacy and security reasons as justifications for refusing to have their products and services interoperate with other companies’ products and services. As an agency that enforces both competition and consumer protection laws, the Commission is uniquely situated to evaluate claims of privacy and data security that implicate competition.

To that end, the FTC aims to ensure that agency staff’s skillsets and knowledge are keeping pace with evolving markets. We plan to continue to hear and learn from players across the AI ecosystem through various forums like the recent FTC Tech Summit on AI and will continue to use our existing legal authorities to address harms.

“We similarly recognize the ways that consumer protection and competition enforcement are deeply connected—with firms engaging in privacy violations to build market power and the aggregation of market power, in turn, enabling firms to violate consumer protection laws. And our remedies will continue requiring that firms delete models trained on unlawfully acquired data in addition to the data itself,” FTC Chair Khan recently said in her remarks. 7

[1] https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/events/2024/01/ftc-tech-summit

[2] https://www.ftc.gov/policy/advocacy-research/tech-at-ftc/2024/01/tick-tick-tick-office-technologys-summit-ai

[3] https://www.ftc.gov/policy/advocacy-research/tech-at-ftc/2024/02/ai-other-companies-quietly-changing-your-terms-service-could-be-unfair-or-deceptive

[4] https://www.ftc.gov/policy/advocacy-research/tech-at-ftc/2024/01/ai-companies-uphold-your-privacy-confidentiality-commitments

[5] https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2023/05/ftc-doj-charge-amazon-violating-childrens-privacy-law-keeping-kids-alexa-voice-recordings-forever

[6] https://www.ftc.gov/policy/advocacy-research/tech-at-ftc/2023/12/interoperability-privacy-security

[7] https://www.ftc.gov/system/files/ftc_gov/pdf/2024.01.25-chair-khan-remarks-at-ot-tech-summit.pdf

Consumer Protection
Artificial Intelligence
Office of Technology

More from the Technology Blog

Data and models: a quote book from the tech summit on ai, security principles: addressing vulnerabilities systematically, approaches to address ai-enabled voice cloning, government agencies act to elevate and build tech and digital capacity.

IMAGES

Over 20 Books about Recycling for Kids to Read
What a Waste: Trash, Recycling, and Protecting our Planet
Handbook of Recycling
The Amazing Recycling Project Book
Helping Hands: Recycling! (Paperback)
Reduce Reuse Recycle Books

VIDEO

Text Recycling in Research Writing: Complications and Best Practices
جرب الفكرة البسيطة ديه للكريسماس 🎄🎄🎊diy crafts Christmas
Recycling the paper|#shorts |Muscat daily
Re-Crafting Book: Encino Barnes and Noble
See inside recycling and rubbish
Children's read aloud story books: Peppa Pig: Recycling Fun

COMMENTS

(PDF) Introduction to Recycling
Recycling involves activities in which unwanted/or waste materials are reused for the reproduction of new products (Mwanza, 2021). Material suggest to recycling are typically solid material such ...
(PDF) Recycling of Plastic Waste: A Systematic Review Using
Tokyo 108-0023, Japan. 2 School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 3-3-6 Shibaura, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0023, Japan. * Correspondence: [email protected] or tsuchimoto ...
Recycling and Reuse Approaches for Better Sustainability
This book covers the latest in recycling and reuse research focused toward greater sustainability and includes chapters authored by the world's leading thinkers and practitioners in the field. Topics covered include recycling and reuse, solid waste management, renewable energy, environmental studies, and wastewater management.
The future of recycling in the United States
In recent months, both the solid waste industry press and mainstream media in the United States (including Fortune, the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, and the Washington Post) have called attention to the growing 'ills' of recycling (Davis, 2015; Groden, 2015; Whelan, 2015).In short, the common theme of these articles is that recycling in the USA has stalled and the situation is dire.
Exploring the Complexities and Challenges of Plastic Recycling: A
Research results from one study (Drelich et al., 1998) could be useful for the plastic recycling industry to improve the separation of PVC from PVC/PET mixtures A European Environment Agency (EEA) report discusses the importance of improving the management of municipal waste in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It highlights the need ...
Full article: Recycling
Target (1) in this research and development project was to increase recycling and reduce the production of waste. The driver (1) was legislation and the aim to decrease environmental impacts. The project reached the expected results (1); waste to landfill dramatically decreased and reuse increased. Figure 6.
Introduction to Recycling
This advancement in technology through research is needed by the recycling companies because the plastic manufacturing industry is not waiting for recycling technology to advance before they design and manufacture new products. ... Book Google Scholar Fukushima K, Lecuyer JM, Wei DS, Horn HW, Jones GO, Al-Megren HA, Alabdulrahman AM, Alsewailem ...
Plastic Waste and Recycling
Plastic Waste and Recycling: Environmental Impact, Societal Issues, Prevention, and Solutions begins with an introduction to the different types of plastic materials, their uses, and the concepts of reduce, reuse and recycle before examining plastic types, chemistry and degradation patterns that are organized by non-degradable plastic, degradable and biodegradable plastics, biopolymers and ...
Recycling our way to sustainability
But recycling remains a fundamental strategy to extract value from resources, as evidenced by its current contribution to 8.6% global circularity 1. To improve recycling rates, we need to ...
Recent Developments in Plastic Recycling
This book provides a systematic and comprehensive account of the recent developments in the recycling of plastic waste material. It presents state-of-the-art procedures for recycling of plastics from different sources and various characterization methods adopted in analyzing their properties. In addition, it looks into properties, processing, and applications of recycled plastic products as ...
Sustainability
Research into plastic recycling is rapidly increasing as ocean and land pollution and ecosystem degradation from plastic waste is becoming a serious concern. In this study, we conducted a systematic review on emerging research topics, which were selected from 35,519 studies on plastic recycling by bibliometrics analysis. Our results show that research on the biodegradability of plastics ...
(PDF) Waste Paper Collection for Recycling: Overview and ...
The waste paper recycling market was valued at US$ 37,529.60 m illion in 2018 and is ex pected to grow at. a CAGR of 4.7% from 2019 to 2027 to rea ch US$ 56,140.38 million by 2027. [10 ...
Waste Management & Research: Sage Journals
Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy (WM&R) publishes peer-reviewed articles relating to both the theory and practice of waste management and research. Published on behalf of the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA) topics include: wastes (focus on solids), processes and technologies, management systems and tools, and policy and regulatory ...
Recycling (The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series)
His first book, Making a Green Machine: The Infrastructure of Beverage Container Recycling (Rutgers University Press, 2011) examines the modern history of bottle and can recycling in Norway, Sweden, and the United States. His second book, Recycling (MIT Press), will be out in the fall of 2019.
A critical review of household recycling barriers in the United Kingdom
Schill et al. (2020) used SCT to research children's recycling behaviour by exposing the children to different recycling settings. The results indicate that the level of recycling participation and compliance depends on each child's family setting, the position of the recycling point and family interaction influence.
20 Best Recycling eBooks of All Time
By Miranda Paul - Award-winning author of children's books + 1 more. 4.71 | 2015 | 32 Pages. Recycling Simple Lyrical Thought-Provoking. Discover the inspiring true story of Isatou Ceesay, an African woman who started a recycling movement to combat the pollution caused by plastic bags in her community.
PDF A Research Study on Textbook Recycling in America
research project needed to be conducted to determine the national and regional recycling landscape, if and how book printers and schools recycle casebound and softbound books, and the method that is used to recycle these books, and by whom. Additional research tasks were added to the original scope of work and included outreach to:
Recycling Basics and Benefits
The study found that in a single year, recycling and reuse activities in the United States accounted for: 681,000 jobs, $37.8 billion in wages, and. $5.5 billion in tax revenues. This equates to 1.17 jobs per 1,000 tons of materials recycled and $65.23 in wages and $9.42 in tax revenue for every ton of materials recycled.
Books
Research Guides; Topic Guides; Recycling; Books; Search this Guide Search. Recycling. Topic Guide; Library Resources. Books ; eBooks; Books; Articles & Videos ... eBooks. Recent Developments in Plastic Recycling by Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Arpitha Gulihonnehalli Rajkumar, Suchart Siengchin (Editors) ISBN ...
Breaking down recycling challenges, one slice at a time
By Michelle Goff. Each day, roughly 43 million Americans eat at least one slice of pizza, according to experts. The hot, cheesy, Italian-inspired dish contributes a whopping $47 billion to the U.S. economy each year, and about a third of those pies come delivered to their destinations in corrugated cardboard boxes.
Recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries for a sustainable future
The sustainability of recycling technologies (e.g., life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis) is critically evaluated. Finally, the existing challenges and future prospects are presented for further development of sustainable, highly efficient, and environmentally benign recycling of spent LIBs to contribute to the circular economy.
The secret to saving old books could be gluten-free glues
American Chemical Society. "The secret to saving old books could be gluten-free glues." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 25 April 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com / releases / 2024 / 04 / 240425131342.htm ...
Nadia Shouraboura
Find sources: "Nadia Shouraboura" - news · newspapers · books ... She was involved in early research on the recycling of plastics and environmental sustainability. She has also worked as an entrepreneur, and founded the organization "Science is Fun!" to interest students in science. She holds 7 U.S. Patents.
Iowa City Public Library and landfill collab to promote book recycling
The Iowa City Public Library Friends Foundation (ICPLFF) and the Iowa City Landfill and Recycling Center have launched a collaborative program in an effort to recycle books. Books in good ...
Science students start recycling campaign in Moscow Region
Science students start recycling campaign in Moscow Region. July 26 2013 Alexandra Nesterova specially for RIR 'Clear Action' project has already sent off about 10 tons of paper to be recycled. ...
Nebraska On-Farm Research Network Releases 2023 Research Results
With planting season upon us, now is the time to dig deeper into agricultural practices and determine what best fits the needs of every operation. Download a copy of the 2023 Research Results book today from the NOFRN site. For more information about the 2023 Research Results book or the NOFRN, please contact Taylor Lexow at 402-245-2222.
Techtextil & Texprocess score with growth and set as drivers of
High-tech textiles in twelve application areas, the global innovative power of technical textiles and nonwovens as well as the digitalisation of the textile-processing industry: with 38,000 visitors from 102 countries and 1,700 exhibitors from 53 countries, Techtextil and Texprocess have grown in terms of exhibitor numbers and recorded a 29 percent increase in visitor numbers. At the leading ...
Development of a Process for Melting Cast High-Temperature ...
A technology is developed to refine the wastes of cast high-temperature alloys in the form of scrap, crop ends, and chips for the production of cast bars from in order to involve these wastes in making cast high-temperature alloys. The quality of the alloys melted using the refined wastes meets the requirements of the specifications.
Chart: E-Books Still No Match for Printed Books
In the following chart, we compare just how popular e-books are versus those in print. According to data from Statista's Market Insights: Media & Advertising, e-book penetration still trails ...
Consumer Facing Applications: A Quote Book from the Tech Summit on AI
April 24, 2024. The FTC's Tech Summit on AI 1 convened three panels that highlighted different layers of the AI tech stack: hardware and infrastructure, data and models, and consumer-facing applications. This third Quote Book is focused on consumer-facing applications. This post outlines the purpose of the quote book, a summary of the panel ...