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Consensus report from the Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE) 2019 Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy Summit

Affiliations.

• 1 Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Fla.
• 2 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
• 3 Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Ga.
• 4 Food Equality Initiative, Kansas City, Mo.
• 5 Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.
• 6 The University of Chicago, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Ill.
• 7 University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
• 8 Center for Food Allergy and Asthma Research, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Ill.
• 9 FARE (Food Allergy Research & Education), McLean, Va.
• 10 Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
• 11 Gundersen Health System, La Crosse, Wis.
• 12 AllergyStrong, McClean, Va.
• 13 Food Allergy Center, Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass.
• 14 the Department of Pediatrics, Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.
• 15 Food Allergy Center at Emory + Children's, Atlanta, Ga.
• 16 Allergy Partners of North Texas, Dallas.
• 17 Latitude Food Allergy Care, Redwood City, Calif.
• 18 Food Allergy Research & Education (FARE), University of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. Electronic address: [email protected].
• PMID: 32505612
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.027

Food allergy is a major health problem affecting 5% to 10% of the population in developed nations, including an estimated 32 million Americans. Despite the large number of patients suffering from food allergies, up until the end of January 2020, no treatment for food allergies had been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The only options were avoidance of food allergen triggers and acute management of allergic reactions. A considerable body of data exists supporting oral immunotherapy (OIT) as a promising, novel treatment option, including that for the now Food and Drug Administration-approved peanut OIT product Palforzia (Aimmune Therapeutics, Brisbane, Calif). However, data for long-term quality-of-life improvement with OIT varies, depending on the measures used for analysis. Like many therapies, OIT is not without potential harms, and burdens, and the evaluation of patient-specific risk-benefit ratio of food OIT produces challenges for clinicians and patients alike, with many unanswered questions. Food Allergy Research & Education organized the Oral Immunotherapy for Food Allergy Summit on November 6, 2019, modeled after the PRACTALL sessions between the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology to address these critical issues. Health care providers, patient representatives, researchers, regulators, and food allergy advocates came together to discuss OIT and identify areas of common ground as well as gaps in existing research and areas of uncertainty and disagreement. The purpose of this article was to summarize that discussion and facilitate collaboration among clinicians and patients to help them make better-informed decisions about offering and accepting OIT, respectively, as a therapeutic option.

Keywords: Food allergy; Oral immunotherapy; Peanut allergy.

Copyright © 2020 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Accidental Reactions in Peanut/Tree Nut Allergic Children

Food allergy is an immune reaction, triggered by food protein allergens, of varying severity, from mild local reaction to life threatening anaphylaxis and fatalities. Peanut is a plant from the botanical family of the Fabaceae, more commonly known as legumes. The prevalence of peanut and tree nut allergy is increasing. In France (ELFE cohort), it is estimated to 0.93%. The tree nuts include mainly almond, hazelnut, pistachio, cashew nut, walnut, pecan nut and Brazil nut. Allergy's prevalence is estimated to 0.54% in children up to 5.5 years. Peanut allergy is a main cause of anaphylaxis and deaths due to food allergy. Recurrence...

Acquisition and Long-term Observation of Patients With Severe Allergic Reactions

The Anaphylaxis Registry aims to assess data in a standardized form about symptoms, triggers, cofactors and therapy management from patients who experienced an anaphylactic reaction. This should improve diagnosis and long-term management of these life-threatening allergic reactions.

Acutelines: a Large Data-/Biobank of Acute and Emergency Medicine

Research in acute care faces many challenges, including enrollment challenges, legal limitations in data sharing, limited funding, and lack of singular ownership of the domain of acute care. To overcome some of these challenges, the Center of Acute Care of the University Medical Center Groningen in the Netherlands, has established a de novo data-, image- and biobank named "Acutelines". Acutelines is initiated to improve recognition and treatment of acute diseases and obtain insight in the consequences of acute diseases, including factors predicting its outcome. Thereby, Acutelines contributes to development of personalized treatment...

Allergy and Immunology Natural History Study

This protocol is a natural history study designed to evaluate subjects (and some family members) with suspected or identified genetic diseases of allergic inflammation or Immune Dysregulation. Patients determined by clinical history and outside evaluations to be of interest will be consented and enrolled into this study. Blood specimens, stored blood products and derivatives, saliva, hair, fingernail clippings, cord blood, umbilical cord, bone marrow, tissue biopsies and/or buccal swabs from such patients and/or their family members will be obtained for research studies related to understanding genetic and immunopathogenic bases of...

A Multicentre French Prospective Study of Children With Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome in Its Acute Form

Food protein induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES), is a non-IgE mediated food allergy (FA) which seems to expand, and occurring in infancy. This disease is usually unknown by clinicians. In 2017, an international workgroup of American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology published clinical criteria to specify the diagnosis. However, there is a lack of information in literature for describe the evolution and atypical phenotypes. In addition, no prospective French series has been published to date. The aim of the study is to collect clinical features and allergy testing of children who have acute form of FPIES at diagnosis and...

Analysing HIgh Dose Probiotic Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (PPOIT) and High Dose Peanut Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) Versus LOw Dose Peanut OIT for Peanut Allergy

This study will compare the effectiveness of three different treatments to treat peanut allergy

An Intervention Study to Improve Therapeutic Compliance in Adult Patients With Eosinophilic Esophagitis.

In many chronic conditions adherence to long-term treatment is a challenge, also for patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. Interventions, such as behavioral, educational and reminder interventions might improve treatment adherence. With this trial the investigators want to assess the effects of additional education in combination with more frequent follow up and patient reminders on adherence to treatment in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis.

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The FARE Patient Registry will serve as a prospective, observational food allergy reporting system that stores detailed health and other basic information about patients' real-world experiences with food allergies, to encourage open sharing of de-identified data and participation in clinical trials. The FARE Patient Registry intends to make and support scientific discoveries by enabling the food allergy community to participate directly in research.

A Safety and Efficacy Study of PVX108 in Children and Adolescents With Peanut Allergy

The overall aims of this study are to demonstrate that treatment with PVX108 immunotherapy has an acceptable safety profile and is effective for reducing clinical reactivity to peanut protein in children and adolescents with peanut allergy.

A Study Assessing Esophageal Function and Remodeling With Dupilumab Compared With Placebo for 24 Weeks Followed by 104 Weeks Open Label in Adult Participants With EoE (REMOdeling With Dupilumab in Eosinophilic Esophagitis Long-term Trial)

This is parallel, Phase 4 study which consists of a 24 week (0.5 years) randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, 2-arm treatment period followed by an open label segment of 104 weeks (2 years) for a total of 128 weeks (2.5 years) to evaluate the effect of dupilumab treatment on esophageal function, and remodeling in adults with eosinophilic esophagitis. Duration of study period (per participant) - Screening period: Up to 12 weeks before Week 0 - Randomized double-blind period: 24 weeks - Open label period: 104 weeks - Post Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) intervention follow-up period: up to...

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Find and learn more about clinical trials.

Clinical trials are studies that determine if a new treatment is safe and effective in people. These research studies are key steps in the approval of new therapies by the  U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . More food allergy clinical trials are underway today than ever before.

Clinical trials are usually conducted at major medical centers. Funding for a study may come from a number of sources, including the federal government’s National Institutes of Health (NIH), nonprofit organizations such as FARE, and pharmaceutical or biotechnology companies.

Participation in a clinical trial is a significant decision for you and your family. To make an informed decision, you’ll want to weigh the benefits and risks of the study you’re considering. You’ll also want to consult your physician, talk to family and friends, and learn all you can.

Reasons to participate in a clinical trial include:

• The opportunity to contribute directly to the search for new treatments and a cure
• The possibility of benefiting from a promising new treatment before it is widely available
• Access to medical care from a team of experts in the field

Find a Clinical Trial

Fare clinical trial finder.

Launched in July 2018, FARE’s online tool simplifies your search for clinical trials to treat food allergy and some related conditions. Compared to the  clinicaltrials.gov  database maintained by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the  FARE Clinical Trial Finder  makes it easier to find relevant clinical trials that are currently recruiting or preparing to recruit patients with food allergy or healthy volunteers who do not have food allergies.

Clinicaltrials.gov

A service of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), this website is a registry and database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies conducted around the world. The site also includes general information about clinical trials and a glossary of common terms.

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All clinical trials have guidelines about who can participate. These guidelines, or criteria, are used to identify appropriate volunteers and ensure that they can participate safely. The criteria for a particular study may include such factors as age, gender, the type and severity of a disease or condition, previous treatment history, and other medical conditions or complications. Inclusion criteria are the factors that qualify volunteers to participate. Exclusion criteria disqualify people from the study. For food allergy trials, criteria may include the type of food allergy you have, whether or not you have a history of severe reactions or other conditions such as asthma, and so on.

Clinical trials are federally regulated, and strict safeguards are in place to protect participants' safety and ensure confidentiality. Informed consent is an important part of understanding and deciding to participate in a specific study. This process enables potential volunteers to learn the facts about the study before making the decision to participate. Informed consent also ensures that volunteers understand what is happening as the trial progresses.

To help you decide whether or not to participate, the doctors and nurses involved in the trial explain the details of the study. Then the research team provides an informed consent document that includes details about the study, such as its purpose, duration, required procedures, and key contacts. The informed consent document also explains the trial's benefits (such as the possibility of receiving the treatment after the trial is over, if it proves successful) and risks (such as potential side effects). If you decide to participate, then you sign the document. It is important to remember that informed consent is not a contract - you may withdraw from a clinical trial at any time.

Once you're enrolled in a study, you'll work with a team that includes doctors, nurses, and other health professionals. Team members will give you medical exams and take a detailed medical history at the beginning of the study. They will also monitor you throughout the trial and stay in touch after it is completed.

Keep in mind that participating in a clinical trial does not take the place of ongoing medical care by your primary physician and health care team. If you're thinking of volunteering for a clinical trial, be sure to speak with your doctor before you enroll. In addition, while you are enrolled in the trial, your doctor should be informed of the study's progress.

Clinical trials must meet rigorous safety standards, which are mandated by the federal government. The  U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA)  must approve the study design (also known as the protocol). These are detailed guidelines that describe the objectives and length of the trial, the type of patients who may participate, the schedule of tests and procedures, the medications and dosages to be studied, and so on.

In addition, every medical center has an Institutional Review Board (IRB), which is a panel of scientists and non-scientists that oversees clinical research and is responsible for approving the studies conducted at that institution. The IRB makes sure that the study meets the institution's standards, that participants have given consent to participate and are fully informed of their risks, and that researchers take appropriate steps to protect participants from harm. If the study is a multi-center trial - one that involves several medical centers - each institution's IRB must give its approval.

Before a therapy can be tested in humans, preclinical research is conducted in the laboratory. If these studies show promise, the sponsor - usually a pharmaceutical or biotechnology company or a research institution - requests permission to conduct clinical trials in people by submitting an Investigational New Drug Application (IND) to the FDA. If the FDA approves, the study will be conducted at one or more medical centers (usually large teaching hospitals).

Clinical trials are conducted in four phases:

• Phase 1 clinical trials test the experimental therapy in a small group of people (20-80) to evaluate its safety and identify side effects.
• Phase 2 studies test the therapy in a larger group of patients (100-300) to determine how well the treatment works and to further evaluate safety.
• Phase 3 trials involve a large number of participants (1,000-3,000). These studies confirm the treatment's effectiveness, monitor side effects, compare the experimental treatment to standard therapies, and collect information about safety. Successful completion of a Phase 3 study is usually the final step before the sponsor applies for FDA approval to market the therapy.
• Phase 4 trials are conducted after the treatment is approved by the FDA and marketed to the public. These studies provide more information about a therapy's long-term benefits and risks, its impact on patients' quality of life, its costs relative to its effectiveness, and how it compares to other therapies on the market.

It is important to keep in mind that, at any point in this process, a study may be discontinued if a treatment does not work or has problematic side effects.

If you're considering participating in a clinical trial, it's important that you consult your doctor and other members of your healthcare team first. If you decide to move forward and you meet the initial criteria for the study, you'll be invited to meet with the study's research team. You may want to write down your questions beforehand and bring a friend or relative along to the meeting. Remember, the more you know, the more comfortable you'll feel with your decision. Here is a list of questions that you may find helpful:

• What are the aims of this study?
• How long will the trial last?
• What therapies will be tested and how will they be administered?
• Why do researchers believe the treatment being tested may be effective? Has it been tested before?
• What kinds of tests are involved?
• Could the treatment or tests cause any pain or discomfort?
• Who will be in charge of my care?
• How will participants’ safety be monitored?
• What are the potential benefits and risks? How do they compare with the benefits and risks of my current treatment?
• Who is sponsoring the trial?
• How might this study affect my daily life?
• Do I have to pay for treatment or for any part of the trial? If so, will these expenses be covered by my insurance?
• Will I be reimbursed for non-medical expenses, such as transportation?
• What type of long-term follow up-care is part of this study?
• What happens if I am harmed by the trial?
• Can I opt to remain on this treatment, even after the trial ends?
• How will I know that the experimental therapy is working? Will the study results be provided to me?

For many years, clinical trials were conducted only in adults. To treat children, a common approach has been to use data from adults and adjust the dose of the medication according to a child's weight. But children are not simply small adults. Many factors affect the way they respond to treatments, including the growth and maturation of their organs, changes in metabolism throughout infancy and childhood, and changes in body proportion. In recent years, through a combination of new legislation and incentives for manufacturers, the number of pediatric clinical trials has increased. The FDA applies strict guidelines to children's participation in these studies. For more information, visit the  NIH’s Children and Clinical Studies  site.

Additional Resources

NIH Clinical Trials and You : An extensive patient-oriented site that offers links to clinical trial registries, educational resources and personal stories.

Children and Clinical Studies : This site, from the NIH National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, explains why clinical trials in children are important and addresses the special needs and concerns of young participants and their families.

NIAID-Funded Food Allergy Research Programs : Learn about programs funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), the principal NIH institute that supports food allergy research.

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Pollen count and allergy info for Elektrostal'

Elektrostal' pollen and allergy report.

Last update at 06:00, Jun 12 (local time)

Today's Pollen Count in Elektrostal'

Air quality

Air quality of elektrostal' today.

Tree pollen	Very high
Grass pollen	Low
Weed pollen	None

AQI US AQI	Moderate
PM2.5 µg/m³	Moderate

3D animated air pollution map

Allergy forecast

Elektrostal' pollen count forecast.

Thursday, Jun 13Friday, Jun 14

Day	Index	Tree	Grass	Weed	Weather	Temperature
Today	Very high	Very high	Low	None
Very high	Very high	Low	None
Very high	Very high	Low	None

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40 Facts About Elektrostal

Written by Lanette Mayes

Modified & Updated: 01 Jun 2024

Reviewed by Jessica Corbett

Elektrostal is a vibrant city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia. With a rich history, stunning architecture, and a thriving community, Elektrostal is a city that has much to offer. Whether you are a history buff, nature enthusiast, or simply curious about different cultures, Elektrostal is sure to captivate you.

This article will provide you with 40 fascinating facts about Elektrostal, giving you a better understanding of why this city is worth exploring. From its origins as an industrial hub to its modern-day charm, we will delve into the various aspects that make Elektrostal a unique and must-visit destination.

So, join us as we uncover the hidden treasures of Elektrostal and discover what makes this city a true gem in the heart of Russia.

Key Takeaways:

• Elektrostal, known as the “Motor City of Russia,” is a vibrant and growing city with a rich industrial history, offering diverse cultural experiences and a strong commitment to environmental sustainability.
• With its convenient location near Moscow, Elektrostal provides a picturesque landscape, vibrant nightlife, and a range of recreational activities, making it an ideal destination for residents and visitors alike.

Known as the “Motor City of Russia.”

Elektrostal, a city located in the Moscow Oblast region of Russia, earned the nickname “Motor City” due to its significant involvement in the automotive industry.

Home to the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Elektrostal is renowned for its metallurgical plant, which has been producing high-quality steel and alloys since its establishment in 1916.

Boasts a rich industrial heritage.

Elektrostal has a long history of industrial development, contributing to the growth and progress of the region.

Founded in 1916.

The city of Elektrostal was founded in 1916 as a result of the construction of the Elektrostal Metallurgical Plant.

Located approximately 50 kilometers east of Moscow.

Elektrostal is situated in close proximity to the Russian capital, making it easily accessible for both residents and visitors.

Known for its vibrant cultural scene.

Elektrostal is home to several cultural institutions, including museums, theaters, and art galleries that showcase the city’s rich artistic heritage.

A popular destination for nature lovers.

Surrounded by picturesque landscapes and forests, Elektrostal offers ample opportunities for outdoor activities such as hiking, camping, and birdwatching.

Hosts the annual Elektrostal City Day celebrations.

Every year, Elektrostal organizes festive events and activities to celebrate its founding, bringing together residents and visitors in a spirit of unity and joy.

Has a population of approximately 160,000 people.

Elektrostal is home to a diverse and vibrant community of around 160,000 residents, contributing to its dynamic atmosphere.

Boasts excellent education facilities.

The city is known for its well-established educational institutions, providing quality education to students of all ages.

A center for scientific research and innovation.

Elektrostal serves as an important hub for scientific research, particularly in the fields of metallurgy , materials science, and engineering.

Surrounded by picturesque lakes.

The city is blessed with numerous beautiful lakes , offering scenic views and recreational opportunities for locals and visitors alike.

Well-connected transportation system.

Elektrostal benefits from an efficient transportation network, including highways, railways, and public transportation options, ensuring convenient travel within and beyond the city.

Famous for its traditional Russian cuisine.

Food enthusiasts can indulge in authentic Russian dishes at numerous restaurants and cafes scattered throughout Elektrostal.

Home to notable architectural landmarks.

Elektrostal boasts impressive architecture, including the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord and the Elektrostal Palace of Culture.

Offers a wide range of recreational facilities.

Residents and visitors can enjoy various recreational activities, such as sports complexes, swimming pools, and fitness centers, enhancing the overall quality of life.

Provides a high standard of healthcare.

Elektrostal is equipped with modern medical facilities, ensuring residents have access to quality healthcare services.

Home to the Elektrostal History Museum.

The Elektrostal History Museum showcases the city’s fascinating past through exhibitions and displays.

A hub for sports enthusiasts.

Elektrostal is passionate about sports, with numerous stadiums, arenas, and sports clubs offering opportunities for athletes and spectators.

Celebrates diverse cultural festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal hosts a variety of cultural festivals, celebrating different ethnicities, traditions, and art forms.

Electric power played a significant role in its early development.

Elektrostal owes its name and initial growth to the establishment of electric power stations and the utilization of electricity in the industrial sector.

Boasts a thriving economy.

The city’s strong industrial base, coupled with its strategic location near Moscow, has contributed to Elektrostal’s prosperous economic status.

Houses the Elektrostal Drama Theater.

The Elektrostal Drama Theater is a cultural centerpiece, attracting theater enthusiasts from far and wide.

Popular destination for winter sports.

Elektrostal’s proximity to ski resorts and winter sport facilities makes it a favorite destination for skiing, snowboarding, and other winter activities.

Promotes environmental sustainability.

Elektrostal prioritizes environmental protection and sustainability, implementing initiatives to reduce pollution and preserve natural resources.

Home to renowned educational institutions.

Elektrostal is known for its prestigious schools and universities, offering a wide range of academic programs to students.

Committed to cultural preservation.

The city values its cultural heritage and takes active steps to preserve and promote traditional customs, crafts, and arts.

Hosts an annual International Film Festival.

The Elektrostal International Film Festival attracts filmmakers and cinema enthusiasts from around the world, showcasing a diverse range of films.

Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation.

Elektrostal supports aspiring entrepreneurs and fosters a culture of innovation, providing opportunities for startups and business development .

Offers a range of housing options.

Elektrostal provides diverse housing options, including apartments, houses, and residential complexes, catering to different lifestyles and budgets.

Home to notable sports teams.

Elektrostal is proud of its sports legacy , with several successful sports teams competing at regional and national levels.

Boasts a vibrant nightlife scene.

Residents and visitors can enjoy a lively nightlife in Elektrostal, with numerous bars, clubs, and entertainment venues.

Promotes cultural exchange and international relations.

Elektrostal actively engages in international partnerships, cultural exchanges, and diplomatic collaborations to foster global connections.

Surrounded by beautiful nature reserves.

Nearby nature reserves, such as the Barybino Forest and Luchinskoye Lake, offer opportunities for nature enthusiasts to explore and appreciate the region’s biodiversity.

Commemorates historical events.

The city pays tribute to significant historical events through memorials, monuments, and exhibitions, ensuring the preservation of collective memory.

Promotes sports and youth development.

Elektrostal invests in sports infrastructure and programs to encourage youth participation, health, and physical fitness.

Hosts annual cultural and artistic festivals.

Throughout the year, Elektrostal celebrates its cultural diversity through festivals dedicated to music, dance, art, and theater.

Provides a picturesque landscape for photography enthusiasts.

The city’s scenic beauty, architectural landmarks, and natural surroundings make it a paradise for photographers.

Connects to Moscow via a direct train line.

The convenient train connection between Elektrostal and Moscow makes commuting between the two cities effortless.

A city with a bright future.

Elektrostal continues to grow and develop, aiming to become a model city in terms of infrastructure, sustainability, and quality of life for its residents.

In conclusion, Elektrostal is a fascinating city with a rich history and a vibrant present. From its origins as a center of steel production to its modern-day status as a hub for education and industry, Elektrostal has plenty to offer both residents and visitors. With its beautiful parks, cultural attractions, and proximity to Moscow, there is no shortage of things to see and do in this dynamic city. Whether you’re interested in exploring its historical landmarks, enjoying outdoor activities, or immersing yourself in the local culture, Elektrostal has something for everyone. So, next time you find yourself in the Moscow region, don’t miss the opportunity to discover the hidden gems of Elektrostal.

Q: What is the population of Elektrostal?

A: As of the latest data, the population of Elektrostal is approximately XXXX.

Q: How far is Elektrostal from Moscow?

A: Elektrostal is located approximately XX kilometers away from Moscow.

Q: Are there any famous landmarks in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to several notable landmarks, including XXXX and XXXX.

Q: What industries are prominent in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal is known for its steel production industry and is also a center for engineering and manufacturing.

Q: Are there any universities or educational institutions in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal is home to XXXX University and several other educational institutions.

Q: What are some popular outdoor activities in Elektrostal?

A: Elektrostal offers several outdoor activities, such as hiking, cycling, and picnicking in its beautiful parks.

Q: Is Elektrostal well-connected in terms of transportation?

A: Yes, Elektrostal has good transportation links, including trains and buses, making it easily accessible from nearby cities.

Q: Are there any annual events or festivals in Elektrostal?

A: Yes, Elektrostal hosts various events and festivals throughout the year, including XXXX and XXXX.

Elektrostal's fascinating history, vibrant culture, and promising future make it a city worth exploring. For more captivating facts about cities around the world, discover the unique characteristics that define each city . Uncover the hidden gems of Moscow Oblast through our in-depth look at Kolomna. Lastly, dive into the rich industrial heritage of Teesside, a thriving industrial center with its own story to tell.

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Geographic coordinates of Elektrostal, Moscow Oblast, Russia

City coordinates

Coordinates of Elektrostal in decimal degrees

Coordinates of elektrostal in degrees and decimal minutes, utm coordinates of elektrostal, geographic coordinate systems.

WGS 84 coordinate reference system is the latest revision of the World Geodetic System, which is used in mapping and navigation, including GPS satellite navigation system (the Global Positioning System).

Geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) define a position on the Earth’s surface. Coordinates are angular units. The canonical form of latitude and longitude representation uses degrees (°), minutes (′), and seconds (″). GPS systems widely use coordinates in degrees and decimal minutes, or in decimal degrees.

Latitude varies from −90° to 90°. The latitude of the Equator is 0°; the latitude of the South Pole is −90°; the latitude of the North Pole is 90°. Positive latitude values correspond to the geographic locations north of the Equator (abbrev. N). Negative latitude values correspond to the geographic locations south of the Equator (abbrev. S).

Longitude is counted from the prime meridian ( IERS Reference Meridian for WGS 84) and varies from −180° to 180°. Positive longitude values correspond to the geographic locations east of the prime meridian (abbrev. E). Negative longitude values correspond to the geographic locations west of the prime meridian (abbrev. W).

UTM or Universal Transverse Mercator coordinate system divides the Earth’s surface into 60 longitudinal zones. The coordinates of a location within each zone are defined as a planar coordinate pair related to the intersection of the equator and the zone’s central meridian, and measured in meters.

Elevation above sea level is a measure of a geographic location’s height. We are using the global digital elevation model GTOPO30 .

Elektrostal , Moscow Oblast, Russia