brief speech on global warming for class 8

Global Warming Speech for Students and Children

3 minutes speech on global warming.

Global Warming is definitely the single greatest environmental challenge that the planet earth is facing at present. It is essential to understand the gravity of the situation. The fuel which you use in order to power your homes, cars, businesses and more is heating up the planet faster than expected. We are recording the hottest days and decades ever. What’s alarming is that the temperature of the earth has climbed to the highest point it has ever been in the past 12,000 years. It only gets worse from here if we don’t stop it now.

Impact of Global Warming

As the planet is getting hotter, we need to collectively act right now instead of waiting for more. The primary cause of global warming is fossil fuels. Human beings are addicted to burning them which produces coal, oil, greenhouse gases and more.

The power plants, cards, and industries produce Carbon dioxide which stays in the atmosphere for 5 decades or more. This is the reason why the temperature of the earth rises.

Due to this rise in temperature, the oceans are rising and the coral reefs are dying. Many aquatic species are going extinct while the glaciers are melting. You will be surprised to know that Greenland is losing 20% more mass than it receives from new snowfall.

Thus, it will keep shrinking as the earth warms. Moreover, extreme weather patterns are for everyone to see. The heatwaves, droughts, floods, are now taking place with greater intensity and frequency.

The hurricanes are doubling up in nature in terms of occurrence and the Katrina Hurricane is enough to prove this point. Further, the Greenland and Western Antarctic ice sheets are at great risk of melting completely. Please note that these two ice sheets presently hold around 20% of the Earth’s freshwater. The rise in sea levels will damage the coastal areas globally. Moreover, the regularity of hurricanes, tornadoes, and others may become more volatile spreading malaria and other deadly diseases.

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Ways to Tackle Global Warming

The time is now to do something to prevent global warming, otherwise, it will be irreversible. Electricity and transportation contribute largely to global warming, so we must begin there. It is important to note that there is no silver bullet and we must all come together to tackle global warming as a whole. Every home, business, industry, individual effort is required to tackle this crisis.

As coal produces tons of Carbon dioxide annually, we need to find ways to clean up coal. We can also tackle global warming by beginning with putting agriculture in the system. We must encourage farmers to adapt to greener farming practices. For instance, they must till land less often, and plant trees on vacant land.

Moreover, the same regime needs to be applied to other industrial producers of carbon dioxide. For instance, the transportation industry of cars, trucks, planes and more produce 28% of the carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, we must reduce these emissions by enhancing the fuel efficiency of the vehicles. Also, it is high time we got rid of oil and gasoline-based fuels and opt for greener alternatives.

On an individual level also, we must work to adopt a greener and healthier lifestyle. Try to drive less and walk more or take public transport. Get into the habit of recycling and avoid unnecessary wastage of goods. Save electricity by switching off appliances when not in use.  Most importantly, plant a tree as a single tree can absorb one ton of carbon dioxide in its lifetime. Thus, remember, the change begins with you.

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• Climate Change Speech/Global Warming Speech

Download Long and Short Climate Change Speech Essay in English Free PDF from Vedantu

Earth is the only planet which has variety in weather and climate crucial for survival.  But we humans are killing nature to fulfil our need and greed that causes global warming, eventually leading to climate change. Here, we have provided both long and short Climate Change speech or Global Warming speech along with 10 lines for a brief speech on Global Warming. Students can refer to this article whenever they are supposed to write a speech on Global Warming. 

Long Global Warming Speech

Global Warming refers to the Earth's warming, i.e. rise in the Earth's surface temperature. A variety of human activities, such as industrial pollution and the burning of fossil fuels, are responsible for this temperature rise. These operations emit gases that cause the greenhouse effect and, subsequently, global warming. Climate change, starvation, droughts, depletion of biodiversity, etc. are some of the most important consequences of global warming.

The average surface temperature of the planet has risen by around 0.8 ° Celsius since 1880. The rate of warming per decade has been around 0.15 °-0.2 ° Celsius. This is a worldwide shift in the temperature of the planet and should not be confused with the local changes we witness every day, day and night, summer and winter, etc.

There can be several causes for Global Warming, the GreenHouse Effect is believed to be the primary and major cause. This impact is caused primarily by gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbon, nitrous oxides, etc. In the atmosphere around the Earth, these gases form a cover from which the Sun's hot rays can penetrate the Earth but can not leave. So, in the lower circle of the Earth, the heat of the Sun persists, allowing the temperature to increase.

This is not something new, it is not something we weren’t aware of before. Since childhood, each one of us present here has been made to write a speech on Global Warming in their school/college, at least once. We have been made aware of the disastrous effects through movies, articles, competitions, posters, etc. But what have we done? Recently, the Greta Thunberg's Climate Change speech was making headlines. Greta Thunberg is a 16-year-old teenager who got the chance to speak at the United Nations Climate Action Summit. Although, most of us were quick to term Greta Thunberg Climate Change speech as ‘Scathing’ but very few could point out the need for such a brutal reminder. Remember? “We have been made to write a speech on Global Warming since our school days and nothing changed”. Maybe a searing reminder would bring a change and yes, it sure did.

Now, we have the titanic fame, Leonardo DiCaprio, speaking up about climate change in his Oscar speech as well as at the UN. However, Leonardo Dicaprio's Climate Change speech makes us aware of the fact that this has grown beyond individual choices. If we have to fight climate change, industries and corporations have to take decisive large-scale action.

I would like to end my speech by saying that only spreading awareness isn't the answer. It's time to act, as actions yield results.

Short Speech on Global Warming

Today, I am here to deliver a short speech on Global Warming. We all are well aware of Global Warming and how it results in Climate Change. Owing to global warming, there have been cases of severe drought. Regions, where there used to be a lot of rainfall, are seeing less rainfall. The monsoon trend has shifted around the globe. Global warming also causes ice to melt and the level of the ocean to rise, resulting in floods.

Various species are also widely impacted by global warming. Some land organisms are very vulnerable to changes in temperature and environment and can not tolerate extreme conditions. Koalas, for example, are at risk of famine because of climate change. Several fish and tortoise species are susceptible to changes in ocean temperatures and die.

One of the biggest threats to global security is climate change. Climate change knows no borders and poses us all with an existential threat. A significant security consequence of climate change is a rise in the frequency of severe weather events, especially floods and storms. This has an effect on city and town facilities, access to drinking water, and other services to sustain everyday life. It also displaces the population and since 2008, disasters caused by natural hazards have displaced an average of 26.4 million people annually from their homes. 85% of these are weather-related. This is equal to every second of approximately one person displaced.

It is important that we finally stop debating about it. Schools need to stop making students write a speech on Global Warming or Climate Change and focus on making them capable of living a sustainable life. Face it with courage and honesty. 

10 Lines for Brief Speech on Global Warming

Here, we have provided 10 key pointers for Climate Change Speech for Students.

Global warming refers to the above-average temperature increase on Earth.

The primary cause of global warming is the Greenhouse effect.

Climate change is blamed for global warming, as it badly affects the environment.

The most critical and very important issue that no one can overlook is climate change; it is also spreading its leg in India.

India's average temperature has risen to 1.1 degrees Celsius in recent years.

Living creatures come out of their natural environment due to global warming, and eventually become extinct.

Climate change has contributed to weather pattern disruptions across the globe and has led to unusual shifts in the monsoon.

Human actions, apart from natural forces, have also led to this transition. Global warming leads to drastic climate change, leading to flooding, droughts and other climate catastrophes.

The pattern of monsoon winds is influenced by changes in global temperature and alters the time and intensity of rain. Unpredictable climate change impacts the nation's farming and production.

Planting more trees can be a positive step in eliminating the global warming problem.

What is Climate Change?

Climate change refers to alterations in Earth's climate, it has been happening since the planet was formed. The Climate is always changing. There are different factors that could contribute to Climate Change, including natural events and human activities.

Factors that cause Climate Change

The sun’s energy output

Volcanic eruptions

Earth’s orbit around the sun

Ocean currents

Land-use changes

Greenhouse gasses emissions from human activity

The most significant factor that contributes to Climate Change is greenhouse gasses emissions from human activity. These gasses form a “blanket” around Earth that traps energy from the sun. This trapped energy makes Earth warm and disturbs the Earth’s climate.

The Impact of Climate Change

Climate change is already happening. It is causing more extreme weather conditions, such as floods and droughts.

Climate change could lead to a loss of biodiversity, as plants and animals are unable to adapt to the changing climate.

Climate change could also cause humanitarian crises, as people are forced to migrate because of extreme weather conditions.

Climate change could damage economies, as businesses and industries have to cope with increased energy costs and disrupted supply chains.

Here are some Tips on How to write a Speech on Climate Change:

Start by doing your research. Climate change is a complex topic, and there's a lot of information out there on it. Make sure you understand the basics of climate change before you start writing your speech.

Write down what you want to say. It can be helpful to draft an outline of your speech before you start writing it in full. This will help ensure that your points are clear and organized.

Be passionate about the topic. Climate change is a serious issue, but that doesn't mean you can't talk about it with passion and enthusiasm. Let your audience know how important you think this issue is.

Make it personal. Climate change isn't just a political or scientific issue - it's something that affects each and every one of us. Talk about how climate change has affected you or your loved ones, and let your audience know why this issue matters to you.

Use visuals to help explain your points. A good speech on climate change can be filled with charts, graphs, and statistics. But don't forget to also use powerful images and stories to help illustrate your points.

Stay positive. Climate change can be a depressing topic, but try not to end your speech on a negative note. Instead, talk about the steps we can take to address climate change and the positive outcomes that could come from it.

Start by defining what climate change is. Climate change is a problem that refers to a broad array of environmental degradation caused by human activities, including the emission of greenhouse gasses.

Talk about the effects of climate change. Climate change has been linked to increased wildfires, more extreme weather events, coastal flooding, and reduced crop yields, among other things.

Offer solutions to climate change. Some solutions include reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, investing in renewable energy sources, and planting trees to help absorb carbon dioxide.

Appeal to your audience’s emotions. Climate change is a problem that affects everyone, and it’s important to get people emotionally invested in the issue.

Make sure your speech is well-organized and easy to follow. Climate change can be a complex topic, so make sure your speech is clear and concise.

FAQs on Climate Change Speech/Global Warming Speech

1. What should be the main focus of my speech? Can I use statistics in my speech?

The main focus of your speech should be on the effects of climate change and the solutions we can enact to address it. However, you can also talk about your personal connection to the issue or how climate change has affected your community. Yes, you can use statistics to support your points, but don’t forget to also use images and stories to help illustrate your points.

2. How much should I talk about the potential solutions to climate change?

You should spend roughly equal time discussing both the effects of climate change and potential solutions. Climate change is a complex issue, and it’s important to provide your audience with both the facts and potential solutions.

3. Can I talk about how climate change has personally affected me in my speech?

Yes, you can talk about how climate change has personally affected you or your loved ones. Climate change is a serious issue that affects everyone, so it’s important to get people emotionally invested in the issue.

4. Are there any other things I should keep in mind while preparing my speech?

Yes, make sure your speech is well-organized and easy to follow. Climate change can be a complex topic, so make sure your speech is clear and concise. Also, remember to appeal to your audience’s emotions and stay positive. Climate change can be a depressing topic, but try not to end your speech on a negative note. Instead, talk about the steps we can take to address climate change and the positive outcomes that could come from it.

5. Where can I find more information about preparing a speech on climate change?

The best place to start is by reading some of the reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). You can also find helpful resources on the websites of Climate Reality Project or Greenpeace.

6. How long should my speech be?

Your speech should be between 5 and 7 minutes in length. Any longer than that, and your audience will start to lose interest. Climate change can be a complex issue, so it’s important to keep your points brief and concise. If you need help organizing your speech, consider using the following outline:

Define what climate change is;

Talk about the effects of climate change;

Offer solutions to climate change;

Appeal to your audience’s emotions.

7. How can I download reading material from Vedantu?

Accessing material from Vedantu is extremely easy and student-friendly. Students have to simply visit the website of  Vedantu and create an account. Once you have created the account you can simply explore the subjects and chapters that you are looking for. Click on the download button available on the website on Vedantu to download the reading material in PDF format. You can also access all the resources by downloading the Vedantu app from the play store.

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Speech on Climate Change

Climate change is a phenomenon that refers to the warming of the planet and the associated shifts in global climate patterns. It is caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere, which trap heat from the sun and cause the planet's surface temperature to rise.

• 10 Lines on Climate Change

Climate change refers to the long-term warming of the planet and changes in the Earth's climate.

It is caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which trap heat from the sun and cause the planet to warm up.

The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is the primary source of these greenhouse gases.

Deforestation and other land use changes also contribute to their levels in the atmosphere.

The consequences of climate change are wide-ranging and include rising sea levels, more frequent and severe weather events, and changes in precipitation patterns.

Climate change has the potential to affect every aspect of our lives, including our health, our economy, and our natural environment.

It is a global problem that requires urgent action from governments, businesses, and individuals around the world.

Some of the actions that can be taken to address climate change include reducing greenhouse gas emissions, conserving energy and water, and protecting and restoring forests and other natural habitats.

Governments can also implement policies to promote these actions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.

By taking these steps, we can help to reduce the impacts of climate change and create a more sustainable future for ourselves and future generations.

Short speech on climate change

Long speech on climate change.

The main cause of climate change is the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. These gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, trap heat from the sun and cause the Earth's surface to warm up. The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is the main source of these greenhouse gases. Deforestation and other land use changes also contribute to their levels in the atmosphere. As the concentrations of these gases continue to increase, the Earth's climate will continue to change.

There is no single cure for climate change, as it is a global problem that requires action from governments, businesses, and individuals around the world. However, there are many actions that can be taken to address the problem and reduce the impacts of climate change. Some of these actions include reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using clean energy sources, such as solar and wind power, conserving energy and water, and protecting and restoring forests and other natural habitats. Governments can also implement policies to promote these actions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy. By taking these steps, we can help to reduce the effects of climate change and create a more sustainable future.

Climate change is a global phenomenon that refers to the long-term warming of the planet and the changes in the Earth's climate.

Climate change and global warming

Climate change and global warming are often used interchangeably, but they are not exactly the same thing. Global warming refers specifically to the long-term warming of the planet, which is caused by the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Climate change, on the other hand, is a broader term that refers to the overall changes in the Earth's climate, including not only warming but also changes in precipitation patterns, sea levels, and other aspects of the climate system. So, while global warming is one aspect of climate change, it is not the only aspect.

Causes of climate change

The main cause of climate change is the increasing levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Deforestation and other land use changes also contribute to their levels in the atmosphere. The production of cement, which is a major component of concrete, also releases significant amounts of greenhouse gases. Agricultural activities, such as the production of livestock and rice cultivation, also release greenhouse gases. Landfills and waste incineration also contribute to the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The use of certain industrial processes, such as the production of refrigerants and other chemicals, also releases greenhouse gases. Transportation, such as the use of cars and aeroplanes, also produces greenhouse gases.

Consequences of climate change

The consequences of climate change are wide-ranging and complex, and they have the potential to affect every aspect of our lives. Some of the impacts of climate change are:

Rising sea levels can lead to coastal flooding and the displacement of coastal communities.

More frequent and severe weather events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and hurricanes.

Changes in precipitation patterns can affect the availability of water for drinking and irrigation.

The risk of wildfires has also increased.

Infrastructural damage

Loss of biodiversity, as plants and animals, struggle to adapt to changing conditions.

Negative impacts on human health, such as the spread of diseases and the increased likelihood of heat-related illnesses.

Solutions for climate change

There are many actions that can be taken to address the problem and reduce the impacts of climate change. Some of these actions include—

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by using clean energy sources, such as solar and wind power.

Protecting and restoring forests and other natural habitats, which can help to absorb greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.

Developing technologies to capture and store carbon dioxides, such as carbon capture and storage systems.

Promoting sustainable agriculture and forestry practices, which can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Supporting research and development into clean energy technologies and other solutions to climate change.

Encouraging individual action, such as reducing personal energy use and supporting organisations that are working to combat climate change.

Governments can implement policies to promote these actions and support the transition to a low-carbon economy.

International cooperation and collaboration are also essential, as climate change is a global problem that requires global solutions.

By taking these steps, we can help to reduce the effects of climate change and create a more sustainable future.

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• Speech Writing /

Speech on Climate Change For Students

• Updated on  
• Dec 18, 2023

How do you feel when covered completely overhead? It must be suffocating, and in the meanwhile, due to the scale down of oxygen, your brain, after some time, will stop responding due to a deep state of unconsciousness. 

The above situation was just an example to describe the trapping of carbon dioxide. Imagine what will happen if our environment gets trapped with harmful gasses and inhaling oxygen comes with no options. All such adverse effects of climate change can be hazardous for all living beings.

As a burning topic of the current scenario, we will discuss this burning climate change speech for students.

Also Read: Essay on Climate Change

Long Speech On Climate Change

Greetings to all the teachers and students gathered here. Today, I stand before you to address a matter of urgency and global significance—Climate Change. In my climate change speech, I have tried to cover relevant facts, figures, adverse effects and, importantly, how to save our environment from climate change. 

Also Read: Essay on Global Warming 

As per data studies by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), there is a continuous increase in global temperature with a comprehensive rise. Hazardous situations of this increase in temperature will follow up in the coming years, too, which is again an unfortunate signal.

Earth signals, which are constant by nature and cannot be reverted, are increasing. 

The rise in drought, floods, wildfires, and utmost rainfall continuously reflects the signals that are not sound indicators. Again, if we talk about numbers and statistics, the sixth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report warned humans about heat-trapping figures of nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit (1.1 degrees Celsius) from 1850 to 1900. 

Moreover, the body has warned about the expected reach or exceed 1.5 degrees C (about 3 degrees F) within the next few decades.

Now here comes a question, what has led to such an adverse situation? 

Natural reasons such as pollen remains, glacier lengths, ocean sediments and more are some of the naturally occurring processes that contribute a little portion to climate change. But the major contributor to this worst condition, after an industrial revolution, is only created by human activities. 

Regular cutting of forests or deforestation, burning of fossil fuels for releasing energy, regular use of fertilizers in agriculture, and livestock farming are some of the major reasons for climate change in the environment. 

Despite all the adverse effects of global climatic change, many organizations, both private and government, are working for the welfare of climate change. 

However, since humans are responsible for this disaster, we should try our best to curb it in the safest and most secure possible ways; likewise, using less private transportation, switching to e-bikes or zero-emissions vehicles following the practice of reducing, reusing, repair and recycle and practicing more use of plastic free products. 

All such efforts will help curb the ill effects of the climate of the earth and environment. 

Also Read: Environmental Conservation

Deforestation, changes in naturally occurring carbon dioxide concentrations, livestock farming, and burning fossil fuels are major causes of climate change.

Less tree cutting, less dependency on fossil fuels, use of different forms of natural energy, and use of electric vehicles can solve the problem of global climatic change.

Paris Agreement is an agreement between 196 Parties at the UN Climate Change Conference (COP21) to reduce and mitigate Greenhouse Gas emissions.

Rise in temperature, drought, soil erosion, landslides, and floods are some of the adverse effects of climatic changes in the environment. 

The Montreal Protocol, Kyoto Protocol, and Paris Agreement are important international agreements on climate change.

Related Articles

For more information on such interesting speech topics for your school, visit our speech writing page and follow Leverage Edu.

Deepika Joshi

Deepika Joshi is an experienced content writer with expertise in creating educational and informative content. She has a year of experience writing content for speeches, essays, NCERT, study abroad and EdTech SaaS. Her strengths lie in conducting thorough research and ananlysis to provide accurate and up-to-date information to readers. She enjoys staying updated on new skills and knowledge, particulary in education domain. In her free time, she loves to read articles, and blogs with related to her field to further expand her expertise. In personal life, she loves creative writing and aspire to connect with innovative people who have fresh ideas to offer.

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NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 18

Home » NCERT Solutions » NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter 18

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NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18

Science tries to offer accurate and precise explanations of how the natural world works, what its constituents are, and how the world came to be the way it is now. Science’s knowledge is constantly being questioned and revised. Why isn’t any scientific notion ever “proven” once and for all? Science is always looking for new data that may uncover flaws in our existing understandings.

Our surroundings have changed dramatically over the last few decades, and pollution is one of the most important contributing factors. NCERT Class 8 Science Chapter 18 is Pollution of Air and Water. First, we will have a look at air and water pollution. Pollutants are chemicals that pollute water and air, according to Class 8 Science Chapter 18. Natural sources of pollution generally include smoke and dust from forest fires and volcanic eruptions. Artificial breakdown consists of the power plant and automotive emissions and firewood burning. The primary air pollutants include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide and methane. 

Extramarks’ website offers Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Solutions for students. These solutions help students grasp the root of the Chapter easily. Pollution of Air and Water Class 8 solutions help you learn the concepts through intensive answers to the NCERT questions and retain them. This is what makes Extramarks popular among students.

Extramarks can be a one-stop solution for all students’ problems. Apart from NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 12- Friction, NCERT Solutions for other subjects and chapters, Additional Questions, Sample Papers, Revision Notes, CBSE Previous year question papers, and a lot more can be found on the Extramarks website. 

Key Topics Covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18

Making it convenient for the students and listing below the key topics that are covered in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18:

Let us look at Extramarks’ in-depth information on each subtopic in NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18- Pollution of Air and Water.

According to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18, Pollution refers to unfavorable changes in the environment that harm plants, animals, and other biological and physical components of the environment.

• A pollutant is a chemical that creates pollution. Contaminants can exist as liquids, solids, or gases.
• When the concentration of a material exceeds the natural abundance, it is classified as a pollutant. Human actions or natural phenomena might cause this increase in concentration
• Pollution exists in all forms, viz. Air pollution, sound pollution, light pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, etc. 

This chapter mainly focuses on two fundamental types of Pollution- Water and Air. Hence, let us take a look at the importance of both Water and Air:

• Streams, rivers, lakes, and the season of the earth’s crust are primary water sources.
• It is essential for the survival of life on Earth.
• It is used for agriculture, drinking, washing, cleaning, and other human activities. 
• The presence of air in our life is unavoidable.
• The creatures’ survival depends on the availability of oxygen in the air.
• Their bodies use oxygen to make energy.

Air Pollution

Any physical, chemical or biological alteration in the air is air pollution. Air pollution occurs due to toxic gases, dust, and smoke which significantly impacts plants, animals, and humans.

Cause of Air Pollution

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 briefs about the causes of Air Pollution:

• Sulphur dioxide is produced in significant quantities when fossil fuels are burned. In addition, air pollution is caused by carbon monoxide generated by the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels.
• Vehicles such as jeeps, trucks, cars , buses, and other automobiles generate gases that contaminate the environment. These are the primary contributors of greenhouse gases and cause sickness in people.
• Ammonia is one of the most dangerous gases produced by agricultural operations. Insecticides, fertilisers and pesticides pollute the atmosphere by emitting toxic substances.
• Carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, organic molecules, and chemicals are primarily produced in factories and industries. These are discharged into the atmosphere, causing it to deteriorate.
• The minerals under the earth’s surface are retrieved using enormous equipment during the mining operation. The dust and chemicals emitted during the process contaminate the air and harm the employees’ and residents’ health.
• Toxic chemicals are released into the air through paints and household cleaning products which not only pollute the air but further make it difficult to breathe.

Effects of Air Pollution

• In humans, it causes allergies, illnesses, and sometimes even death.
• This causes birth abnormalities in newborns.
• Endangers animal health, plant and vegetation wellbeing.

Air Pollutants

Air pollutants can be defined as compounds present in high concentrations in the air which can be harmful to all the organisms or materials exposed to the atmosphere.

Solid particles, liquid droplets, and gases may have the presence of air pollutants, according to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18.

Examples are methane, chlorofluorocarbons, particulate matter, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, lead, and other pollutants.

Carbon dioxide and Carbon monoxide

Carbon dioxide is produced via cement manufacture, deforestation, and the combustion of fuels such as gasoline, natural gas, oil, coal, and wood.

Incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials, especially fuels, is a source of carbon monoxide (a harmful air pollutant).

Sulphur and Nitrogen

Primary air pollutants are nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Petroleum refineries and power stations that use fossil fuels such as coal are sources.

• Respiratory issues, including irreversible lung damage.
• Acid rains. 
• Photochemical haze, which makes it harder to breathe.

Particulate matter

Particulates are solid or liquid particles that stay suspended in air, water, or gas.

Dust, pollen, trash, soot, acid drops, and smoke are examples.

Construction, road dust, power plants, industry, deforestation, and agricultural operations are all causes.

• Diseases of the lungs and heart
• Malformations during birth

The above section of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 explains Air Pollution and its aspects in complete detail. For more information, refer to the Extramarks website. It is loaded with quality study material.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 explains that Smoke and fog combine to form Smog. There are two types of Smog- Classical and Photochemical Smog.

Classical Smog:

• This form of Smog arises in humid environments with high levels of sulfur oxides in the air.
• Smoke, fog, and mainly sulfur dioxide gas make up the combination.

Photochemical Smog:

• Smog of this sort is common in locations with a dry, sunny atmosphere and many automobiles.
• It is primarily generated by chemical reactions between sunlight and nitrogen oxides.

Effects of Smog:

• Asthma, wheezing, and cough are some examples of breathing problems.
• Damage to plant cells inhibits their development, resulting in a significant reduction in agriculture and forest destruction.
• Construction Materials, metals, and painted surfaces corrode due to photochemical pollution.

Taj Mahal and the effects of Air pollution

Before going into the case study of the Taj Mahal, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 explains what CFCs or Chlorofluorocarbons are. CFCs are chemical compounds made up of fluorine, chlorine, and carbon. CFCs are majorly employed in aerosol sprays and as refrigerants in air conditioners, freezers, and cooling plants.

CFCs deplete the ozone layer, which shields the planet from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation. Humans can get ailments such as eye damage, skin cancer, and immune system suppression due to increasing UV radiation.

Effects of air pollution on Taj Mahal

The acids, Carbonic acid, Nitric acid, and  Sulphuric acid are formed when carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide react with water vapor in the atmosphere.

Rain brings these acids down, making the environment acidic.

Involved reactions:

CO2(g) + 2H2O(I)= 2H2CO3(aq)

2SO2(g) + O2 + 2H2O(I)= 2H2SO4(aq)

4NO2 + O2(g) + 2H20(I)= 4HNO3(aq)

• The monument’s marble is eroded by acid rain.
• In addition, the white marble is becoming dark because of pollution.

Global Warming

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 lands on one of the essential topics of the chapter’ Global warming’.

Greenhouse Gases

The gases that cause the greenhouse effect are referred to as greenhouse gases. Water vapour, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and methane are examples of such greenhouse gases.

Greenhouse effect:

• The majority of solar energy is absorbed by the atmosphere.
• The surface of the planet radiates heat back into space.
• A portion of it is trapped in the atmosphere by greenhouse gases.
• This effect keeps the earth’s surface at a comfortable temperature.

Global warming is defined as the phenomenon of rising in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere caused by an abundance of greenhouse gases.

Deforestation, factories, oil refineries, power plants, excessive burning of fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal, and so on are all contributing factors.

Effects of Global Warming:

• The earth’s temperature has increased on average throughout time.
• Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, and other natural disasters are becoming more severe.
• Due to global warming, the polar ice caps are melting and this has resulted in an increase in mean sea levels.
• Climate patterns have been changing all across the world.

What can we humans do to Reduce Air Pollution?

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 suggests some ways in which Air Pollution can be reduced:

• Encourage the usage of compressed natural gas (CNG), which is a greener alternative to gasoline and diesel.
• Unleaded gasoline can be used because it does not emit dangerous gases into the environment.
• Maintain hygiene by properly disposing of waste to regions where it can be left, burnt, or safely disposed of.
• Taking public transportation or carpooling is cost-effective, relieves traffic congestion, and reduces emissions significantly.

Water Pollution

Extramarks NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 explains Water Pollution in the following section. The contamination of water bodies with toxic waste is known as water pollution.

• Agriculture
• Urbanization
• Religious and social customs

Water Pollutants

Water pollutants are compounds that contaminate the water. Detergents, hospital chemicals, insecticides and herbicides, to name a few.

Effects of water pollution on the holy river Ganga

• Garbage, untreated sewage, corpses, and various other dangerous substances are dumped straight into the river by the people of towns and cities through which the river passes.
• Pollution in the Ganga is suffocating aquatic life and stunting plant development.
• The Ganga is one of the world’s ten most threatened rivers.

Potable and Raw Water

Potable water is water that is good for drinking. All pollutants and dangerous microorganisms are removed from the drinking water.

Raw water is water that is not potable or appropriate for consumption.

Ways to convert Raw to Potable Water.

Extramarks NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 states that the following are the ways to convert Raw water to Potable water:

Boiling Water:

• All germs are killed by boiling the water.
• It protects us from infections spread by water.

Filtering Water:

• Removing suspended solid materials from a liquid is known as filtration.
• To some extent, filtration may remove all bacteria and pollutants from water.

Chlorination:

• The water is chlorinated by adding chlorine pills or bleaching powder.
• In tap water, this procedure destroys some bacteria and other germs.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 Exercise and Solutions

Studying the NCERT Solutions for any chapter is the most innovative way to grasp all of the concepts in that Chapter. Extramarks deliver NCERT Solutions for each Chapter as a bonus. Subject experts create these Solutions to meet all of the demands of the students. Click on the below links to view NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 :

Class 8 Science Chapter 18: Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Science Chapter 18: Short Answer Type Questions

Class 8 Science Chapter 18: Long Answer Type Questions

Students may access NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18 and other chapters by clicking here . In addition, students can also explore NCERT Solutions for other classes below.

By getting access to NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18- Pollution of Air and Water, students can easily understand and retain all the answers of the NCERT questions given at the end of the Chapter 

NCERT Solutions Class 8 Science Chapter-wise List

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 18

T o excel in the forthcoming examination, students are advised to go through the NCERT Solutions of each Chapter. So why should you choose Extramarks? Here’s why:

• They consist of stepwise and detailed answers including various concepts covered in the Chapter.
• Based on the NCERT standards, Extramarks has compiled the most relevant material on this topic. 
• After studying these Solutions, students are instilled with confidence.
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Q.1 What are the different ways in which water gets contaminated?

Water gets contaminated by following ways:

• Excessive amounts of pesticides and fertilisers are being used to increase crop production. These chemicals are carried away to the water bodies by rains and floods which contaminate water.
• Harmful chemicals discharged from industries pollute water bodies.
• Water gets contaminated by the discharge of sewage into rivers.

Q.2 At an individual level, how can you help reduce air pollution?

An individual can reduce air pollution by:

• Using public transport and encouraging car pooling.
• Using bicycle for short distances.
• Using CNG and unleaded petrol instead of leaded petrol and diesel in automobiles.
• Using alternative fuels like solar energy, wind energy and hydropower instead of fossil fuels.
• Planting trees and nurturing the ones already present.

Q.3 Clear, transparent water is always fit for drinking. Comment.

No, clear and transparent water is not always fit for drinking. Water which looks clean may still have disease carrying microorganisms and dissolved impurities. Therefore, it is essential to purify water before drinking.

Q.4 You are a member of the municipal body of your town.

Make a list of measures that would help your town to ensure the supply of clean water to all its residents.

As a member of the municipal body of my town, I would take certain necessary actions to ensure the supply of clean water.

• Water must be treated properly to make it fit for use.
• Chlorination must be done to disinfect the drinking water supplies.
• Rain water harvesting will be made mandatory in every house.

Q.5 Explain the differences between pure air and polluted air.

Q.6 Explain circumstances leading to acid rain. How does acid rain affect us?

Sulphur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen are produced from various industries. These gases react with water vapour present in the air to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively. These acids come down with the rain water and this process is called acid rain.

Acid rain destroys plants and vegetation. The water of the rivers and the lakes becomes acidic and this causes the destruction of the aquatic life. Acid rain also destroys the ancient buildings, monuments and sculptures due to the continuous erosion of the marble.

Q.7 Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

• Carbon dioxide
• Sulphur dioxide

The correct options are (d).

Q.8 Describe the ‘Green House Effect’ in your own words.

Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour etc. present in the atmosphere are called green house gases. These gases trap the heat from Sun and prevent it from escaping into the outer space. It helps in keeping earth warm and is essential for life on earth. But increase in the concentration of these gases leads to excessive increase in Earth’s temperature leading to global warming.

Q.9 Prepare a brief speech on global warming. You have to deliver the speech in your class.

Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of Earth’s atmosphere. It is caused due to increased levels of green house gases like carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen, water vapour, methane, etc. These gases absorb solar radiation and prevent it from escaping into the outer space thereby, increasing Earth’s average temperature.

This continuous warming has lead to an increase in the temperature of Earth’s surface by 0.6°C approx. in the last three decades. Due to a rise in the temperature, the polar ice is melting and is threatening the survival of the polar bears.

The melting of the polar ice causes a rise in the sea level. It harms the coastal life and vegetation.

Q.10 Describe the threat to the beauty of the Taj Mahal.

Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide produced from the industries like rubber processing industry, Mathura oil refinery etc. located in and around Agra are responsible for the discolouring of white marble of Taj Mahal. Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide gases released from the industries, react with water vapour present in the air to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid, respectively. The acids drop down with rain, making rain acidic. Acid rain corrodes the marble of the Taj Mahal. The phenomenon is also known as ‘Marble Cancer’. Suspended particulate matters emitted by ‘Mathura oil refinery’ have also contributed towards the yellowing of the marble.

Q.11 Why does the increased level of nutrients in the water affect the survival of aquatic organism?

When water bodies are nutrient enriched, then a dense growth of algae occurs. When these algae die, the decomposers decompose them by using a lot of oxygen. It results in decrease in concentration of oxygen in water resulting in death of aquatic organisms.

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Faqs (frequently asked questions), 1. what are the adverse outcomes of acid rain.

Acid rain occurs when rain-carrying pollutants such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide fall. Animals and plants living in water bodies and on land are affected by acid rain. The acidity of water rises as a result of the acid rain. It also causes damage to sculptures and structures.

2. Describe air. Mention the various components of philosophy and their names as per Class 8 Science Chapter 18?

Air is made up of numerous different gases. It is both odourless and undetectable. The following are the components of air: Oxygen, Nitrogen, Water vapour, Argon, Methane and Carbon Dioxide. 

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How to talk to your kids about climate change

There is a playbook for how to talk to children following a major tragedy like a mass shooting so that they can start to cope without being traumatized: be honest, no matter how young; don’t be too graphic; and emphasize their support networks.

These same rules apply to how we talk to children about the climate crisis. Young activists including 16-year-old Greta Thunberg of Sweden dominated news coverage during the U.N. summit and strikes across the world last week, but discussing global warming can be complicated because of the immediate and long-term anxieties surrounding the climate crisis. And kids can be affected even when they aren’t direct victims of a weather incident.

“I look at it through two lenses,” said pediatrician Samantha Ahdoot, a lead author of the American Academy of Pediatrics policy statement on Global Climate Change and Children’s Health. “Through the mental health consequences of extreme weather events, and through the effects of living in a world that is changing and the fear that it invokes in children.”

Thanks to decades of research , it is clear now that environmental disasters, like hurricanes and wildfires, contribute to mental health conditions among victims.

“Rates of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and substance abuse things tend to increase after you’ve experienced an event like that,” said Susan Clayton, a conservation psychologist at The College of Wooster in Ohio, who co-authored a 2017 from the American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica 2017 entitled “ Mental Health and Our Changing Climate: Impacts, Implications, and Guidance .”

But mainstream media coverage can also mentally stress those who witness these tragedies from afar , in what’s known as vicarious psychological trauma.

Here are a few “what to do’s” for parents of climate crisis generations, according to a psychologist, a pediatrician and a school counselor, interviewed by the PBS NewsHour.

A student activist takes part in a demonstration as part of the Global Climate Strike in Manhattan in New York, U.S., September 20, 2019. Photo by REUTERS/Shannon Stapleton

For a child who has lived through a climate- or weather-related disaster

Since 2014, weather-related disasters have displaced around 100 million people worldwide , according to the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre. In the U.S. alone last year, two climate-fueled hurricanes ( Hurricane Michael , Hurricane Florence ) and two wildfires ( Woolsey and Camp fires in California ), created more than 1 million extreme weather migrants — those who had to move either temporarily or permanently after the disasters.

Ahdoot said she’s seen a number of children who were impacted by the recent hurricanes in Florida and Puerto Rico in her pediatric clinics in Alexandria, Virginia. They are struggling to verbalize the feelings associated with escaping the disasters, she said.

That’s likely because extreme weather events can devastate the social foundations of children’s mental health and well-being. Children lose family members, their homes or schools, or even access to resources like their doctors. Surviving the fallout of a weather disaster — such as living in a shelter or needing to relocate, even temporarily — can cause significant mental health consequences.

After their home in Paradise was destroyed by the Camp Fire, Landyn Butts, 3, and his family shop for new household items in Chico, California, on Nov. 18, 2018. Photo by REUTERS/Terray Sylvester

Rising temperatures themselves have also been tied to mental health issues outside of storms and fires, Clayton said. While it’s harder to trace, increases in heat have been tied to upticks in aggression and crime , increased suicide and more hospitalizations for mental, behavioral and cognitive disorders. In one study in Australia, researchers found drought — which can be more frequent and more extreme thanks to global warming — was associated with suicide rises among rural farmers .

Clayton and Ahdoot recommended that parents tailor their responses to these kinds of events to fit the age of the child. For infants, they recommend that parents try to save so-called comfort objects — any toy, blanket or other item to which a young child has a special attachment — if it can be done safely.

“If they lost that, maybe get a get them a substitute,” Clayton said, because doing so can reinforce social support. Reminding children of these support networks is one of the most crucial steps after a disaster, she added. “Whatever they can be provided with in terms of family or social support will help them.”

Climate change environmental teen activist Greta Thunberg takes part in a climate strike march in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on Sept. 27, 2019. Photo by REUTERS/Andrej Ivanov

The stakes are higher the younger a child is, because experiencing early trauma can permanently change the way a person responds to trauma later in life. Early exposure to trauma can make it more difficult to regulate emotional responses and increase a child’s chances of depression and PTSD .

If a toddler or elementary-age child asks about what is happening, Clayton recommended speaking frankly because even young children can demonstrate a profound amount of resilience. But don’t offer too much detail.

“I would not lie to them, of course, but emphasize that things are gonna be O.K.,” Clayton said. “Just say ‘Well, sometimes big storms happen and we thought we were ready, but this was worse than we thought. We’re going to make sure that we’re safe from weather in the future.”

Older children can handle a broader explanation of the disaster and its consequences because most are exposed to current events and have some awareness of the issues. Teenagers also do not respond well when adults are not transparent with them and they learn the facts on their own, Clayton said.

“Even teenagers need security so they don’t feel like things are completely out of their control,” Clayton said.

For a child worried about the Earth’s future

A growing number of Ahdoot’s pediatric patients are also expressing general unease over the Earth’s environmental trajectory. She recalled one teenager who visited her clinic last year after a trip to Germany to visit her mother’s family.

“The hotel didn’t have air conditioning so she said she spent most of the trip in the house taking baths because that was the only way that they could get cool,” Ahdoot said.

Another patient had a similar experience after visiting France this summer during record heat waves. In both cases, the children were exposed to the consequences of a warming world in a way they weren’t at home. Those kinds of episodes — especially when contrasted with the knowledge that their parents didn’t face the same kind of challenges growing up — can be frightening for kids, Ahdoot said.

Combine those omens with regular news coverage of the climate disasters, Clayton said, and it is easy to comprehend the views of young climate activists toward older generations.

In an effort to prove the severity of the climate crisis and its effect on her generation, Thunberg sailed across the Atlantic to New York to speak during the United Nations General Assembly last week.

“This is all wrong. I shouldn’t be up here. I should be back in school on the other side of the ocean,” Thunberg said during her speech at the U.N. Climate Summit in New York City on Monday. “You have stolen my dreams and my childhood with your empty words.”

To help minors cope with what they’re seeing in popular media, parents and other adults should speak to them at a level that they can understand.

“A high school student in most cases is going to be able to handle more information,” said Eric Sparks, assistant director for the American School Counselor Association, whereas with younger students, what you say needs to be more general.

A child holds a flag during the climate strike march in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, on Sept. 27, 2019. Photo by REUTERS/Andrej Ivanov

For example, if a young grade schooler exclaims something like, “The world is on fire, so what’s the point of doing anything anymore” — as my young nephew did two weekends ago — Clayton said one should correct them in terms they can understand.

“You could say that, ‘Our atmosphere is like a blanket and it keeps the Earth warm, which is a good thing. It’s just that the blanket is too thick now because of gases we put in the air,” Clayton said. “Give them some simple metaphor, so they have a better sense of what’s actually happening.”

For all age groups, Ahdoot, Clayton and Sparks said parents should avoid defeatism because the world isn’t doomed. They also said to emphasize that there is still time to waylay the worst outcomes through environmental actions. A young child, for instance, could be taught how to compost their scraps, the value of growing vegetables or the benefits of switching to reusable water bottles.

“An elementary school child can understand why it’s better to walk to their friend’s house instead of being driven, or why they can wear a sweater in the house instead of just cranking up the heat,” Ahdoot said. “Parents can convince their schools to bring clean energy to their energy supply. They can testify to the town or even to the United Nations.”

What if you don’t want your child to be exposed to climate stories?

This week, conservative pundits responded to Thunberg’s speech at the U.N. Climate Summit with a range of criticism and attacks, including one said that the 16-year-old is instilling “fear in millions of kids around the world.”

Such assertions raise the question of whether parents should avoid talking about climate change with their children altogether.

Ahdoot, Clayton and Sparks said that trying to sidestep such discussions is a fruitless task because climate change is an empirical reality — backed by decades of study.

“We don’t need to hide reality from them,” Ahdoot said. But “we need to be cautious about how we presented it to them.”

Graphic media coverage of a disaster — like a mass shooting — can have deleterious mental effects. But trying to conceal the truth can also generate fear, harm a child’s ability to trust and skew their objectivity. Along those lines, Clayton and Ahdoot said it’s important to provide minors with reliable sources of climate information.

“Children get worried when they feel like something’s being kept from them because that means the problem is so bad that people aren’t talking about it,” Clayton said. “If you think one of your parents is sick and nobody’s telling you about it, then you really start to get scared.”

As they can with sexual education, parents can always opt out of pieces of climate curriculum. But there’s no real way to insulate students from the climate conversation.

“A school’s responsibility is to build a place where students can have and share differing viewpoints,” Sparks said. “It’s probably unrealistic to think that a student could be completely shielded from the climate issue.”

Nsikan Akpan is the digital science producer for PBS NewsHour and co-creator of the award-winning, NewsHour digital series ScienceScope .

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The future of ocean life is bleak if we don’t cut carbon emissions

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8 Ways To Teach Climate Change In Almost Any Classroom

Anya Kamenetz

NPR/Ipsos conducted a national poll recently and found that more than 8 in 10 teachers — and a similar majority of parents — support teaching kids about climate change.

But in reality, it's not always happening: Fewer than half of K-12 teachers told us that they talk about climate change with their children or students. Again, parents were about the same.

The top reason that teachers gave in our poll for not covering climate change? "It's not related to the subjects I teach," 65% said.

Most Teachers Don't Teach Climate Change; 4 In 5 Parents Wish They Did

Yet at the same time, we also heard from teachers and education organizations who are introducing the topic in subjects from social studies to math to English language arts, and at every grade level, from preschool on up.

That raises the question: Where does climate change belong in the curriculum, anyway?

The "reality of human-caused climate change" is mentioned in at least 36 state standards, according to an analysis done for NPR Ed by Glenn Branch, the deputy director at the National Center for Science Education. But it typically appears only briefly — and most likely just in earth science classes in middle and high school. And, Branch says, that doesn't even mean that every student in those states learns about it: Only two states require students to take earth or environmental science classes to graduate from high school.

Joseph Henderson teaches in the environmental studies department at Paul Smith's College in upstate New York. He studies how climate change is taught in schools and believes it needs to be taught across many subjects.

"For so long this has been seen as an issue that is solely within the domain of science," he says. "There needs to be a greater engagement across disciplines, particularly looking at the social dimensions," such as the displacement of populations by natural disasters.

Why Science Teachers Are Struggling With Climate Change

At the same time, there's a tension in pushing more educators to take this on. "I worry a lot about asking schools to solve yet another problem that society refuses to deal with."

As a potential response to this criticism, the nonprofit Ten Strands follows an "incremental infusion" model in California. In other words, environmental literacy becomes part of subjects and activities that are already in the curriculum instead of, the organization says, "burdening educators" with another stand-alone and complex area to cover.

We also heard from teachers who say they are searching for more ideas and resources to take on the topic of climate change. Here are some thoughts about how to broach the subject with students, no matter what subject you teach:

1. Do a lab.

Lab activities can be one of the most effective ways to show children how global warming works on an accessible scale.

Ellie Schaffer is a sixth-grader at Alice Deal Middle School in Washington, D.C. In science class, she has done simulations on greenhouse effects, using plastic wrap to trap the sun's heat. And she has used charcoal to see how black carbon from air pollution can speed the melting of ice.

These lessons have raised her awareness — and concern. "We've ignored climate change for a long time and now it's getting to be, like, a real problem, so we've gotta do something."

Many teachers we talked with mentioned NASA as a resource for labs and activities. The ones in this outline can be done with everyday materials such as ice, tinfoil, plastic bottles, rubber, light bulbs and a thermometer.

Teaching Middle-Schoolers Climate Change Without Terrifying Them

On the Earth Science Week website, there's a list of activities and lesson plans aligned with the Next Generation Science Standards. They range from simple to elaborate.

2. Show a movie.

Susan Fisher, a seventh-grade science teacher at South Woods Middle School in Syosset, N.Y., showed her students the 2016 documentary Before the Flood , featuring Leonardo DiCaprio journeying to five continents and the Arctic to see the effects of climate change. "It is our intention to make our students engaged citizens," Fisher says.

Before the Flood has an action page and an associated curriculum. Common Sense Media has a list of climate change-related movies for all ages.

The 2006 film An Inconvenient Truth and its 2017 sequel, An Inconvenient Sequel: Truth To Power, have curricular materials created in partnership with the National Wildlife Federation.

3. Assign a novel.

Rebecca Meyer is an eighth-grade English language arts teacher at Bronx Park Middle School in New York City.

She assigned her students a 2013 novel by Mindy McGinnis called Not a Drop to Drink .

"As we read the novel, kids made connections between what is happening today and the novel," Meyer says. "At the end of the unit, as a culminating project, students chose groups, researched current solutions for physical and economic water scarcity and created PSA videos using iMovie about the problem and how their solution could help to combat the issue."

Educators On A Hot Topic: Global Warming 101

She described the unit as a success. "They were very engaged; they loved it," she explains. "A lot of them shared this information with their families. When parents came in for parent-teacher conferences, they mentioned their kids had been talking to them about conserving water."

Not A Drop To Drink belongs to a subgenre of science fiction known as " cli-fi " (climate fiction) or sometimes eco-fiction. You can find lists of similar books at websites like Dragonfly.eco or at the Chicago Review of Books, which has a monthly Burning Worlds column about this kind of literature.

Looking for English topics for younger students? EL Education covers environmental topics, including water conservation and the impact of natural disasters, in its K-5 English language arts curriculum.

4. Do citizen science.

Terry Reed is the self-proclaimed "science guru" for seventh-graders at Prince David Kawananakoa Middle School in Honolulu. He has also spent a year sailing the Caribbean, and on his way, he collected water samples on behalf of a group called Adventure Scientists , to be tested for microplastics. (Spoiler: Even on remote, pristine beaches, all the samples had some.)

He has assigned his students to collect water samples from beaches near their homes to submit for the same project. He also has them take pictures of cloud formations and measure temperatures, to see changes in weather patterns over time. "One thing I stress to them, that in the next few years, they become the voting public," he says. "They need to be aware of the science."

5. Assign a research project, multimedia presentation or speech.

Gay Collins teaches public speaking at Waterford High School in Waterford, Conn. She is interested in "civil discourse" as a tool for problem-solving, so she encourages her students "to shape their speeches around critical topics, like the use of plastics, minimalism, and other environmental issues.

6. Talk about your personal experience.

Pamela Tarango teaches third grade at the Downtown Elementary School in Bakersfield, Calif. She tells her students about how the weather has changed there in her lifetime, getting hotter and drier: "In our Central Valley California city of Bakersfield, there has been a change in the winter climate. I told them about how, when I was growing up in the 1970s, we often had several two-and-three-hour delays to school starting because of dense tule fog, which affected visibility. We really never have those delays in the metropolitan area. It is only the outlying areas, which still have two-and-three-hour dense fog delays, and they are rare even for the rural areas."

(Although the Central Valley winter has indeed become hotter and drier because of climate change, recently a University of California, Berkeley study has attributed the reduction in tule fog specifically to declines in air pollution.)

7. Do a service project.

"I teach preschoolers and use the environment and our natural resources to highlight our everyday life," says Mercy Peña-Alevizos, who teaches at Holy Trinity Academy in Phoenix. "I stress the importance of appreciation and eliminating waste. My students understand and have fantastic ideas. We recycle and pick up around our neighborhood."

Environment And Energy Collaborative

Skipping school around the world to push for action on climate change.

Environmental service projects can be simple, elaborate or just for fun. Check out the #trashtag challenge on social media, for example.

8. Start or work in a school garden.

Mairs Ryan teaches science at St. Gregory the Great Catholic School in San Diego. "The sixth-graders oversee the school garden, as well as our vermin composting bin, christened the 'Worm Hotel'. The garden is their lab and the students 'live and learn' soil carbon sequestration and regenerative agriculture. Our school's compost bin is evidence that alternatives exist to methane-producing landfills. In looking for more solutions to reduce methane, students debate food reuse practices around the world."

Check out ThePermacultureStudent.com for resources on building school gardens with rainwater capture and compost systems to regenerate the soil. There are local and regional resources such as the Collective School Garden Network in California and Growing Minds in North Carolina, which offer basic plans for a school garden as well as lesson plans that connect gardening to Common Core standards.

Here are some more resources

After the publication of our climate poll story on Monday, we heard from people all over the country with dozens more resources for climate education.

Alliance for Climate Education has a multimedia resource called Our Climate Our Future , plus more resources for educators and several action programs for youth.

The American Association of Geographers has free online professional development resources for teachers.

American Reading Co. sells an English Language Arts curriculum called ARCCore that includes climate change themes.

Biointeractive, created by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, has hundreds of free online education resources, including many on education and the environment , and it offers professional development for teachers.

Climate Generation offers professional development for educators nationwide and a youth network in Minnesota.

CLEAN (Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network) has a collection of resources organized in part by the Next Generation Science Standard it is aligned with.

Global Oneness Project offers lesson plans that come with films and videos of climate impacts around the world.

Google offers free online environmental sustainability lesson plans for grades 5-8.

The Morningside Center for Teaching Social Responsibility has a group of 19 lessons for K-12.

"We believe that the social and emotional skills we help strengthen in young people and adults are sorely needed to combat the fear and avoidance we and students experience around climate change," spokesperson Laura McClure told NPR.

The National Center for Science Education has free climate change lessons that focus on combating misinformation. They also have a "scientist in the classroom" program.

The National Science Teachers Association has a comprehensive curriculum .

The Paleontological Research Institution in Ithaca, N.Y., has a book called the Teacher-Friendly Guide to Climate Change.

Ripple Effect "creates STEM curriculum" for K-6 "about real people and places impacted by climate change," starting with New Orleans.

Ten Strands offers professional learning to educators in California in partnership with the state's recycling authority and an outdoor-education program, among others.

Think Earth offers 9 environmental education units from preschool through middle school.

The Zinn Education Project (based on the work of Howard Zinn, the author of A People's History Of The United States) has launched a group of 18 lessons aimed specifically at climate justice. Some are drawn from this book: A People's Curriculum For The Earth: Teaching Climate Change And The Environmental Crisis .

Climate change

What is climate change? What could happen? Get all the facts you need to know.

A polar bear walks along a rocky shore, looking for food. The bear would usually be on the sea ice hunting for seals , pouncing when the seal comes up to breathe. But the ice has started to melt earlier and re-form later than it has in the past. Without the sea ice, the polar bear must scavenge for other, less nutritious food.

These changes in polar sea ice are a result of climate change. But this isn’t just affecting polar bears—climate change affects everyone.

What is climate change?

Weather changes day to day—sometimes it rains, other days it’s hot. Climate is the pattern of the weather conditions over a long period of time for a large area. And climate can be affected by Earth’s atmosphere.

Our Earth is surrounded by an atmosphere made up of gases. When sunlight enters our atmosphere, some of the sun’s heat is trapped by the gas, and some bounces back out into space. By trapping that heat, our atmosphere keeps Earth warm enough to live on. Without it, our planet would be very cold, like Mars .

Earth’s climate has always naturally cycled through change, caused by how much of the sun’s energy was absorbed by the atmosphere. In fact over the past 650,000 years, the Earth has gone through seven ice ages and warming periods.

What's different now?

But during the past few hundred years, oil, gas, and coal have powered homes, cars, and factories. These energy sources release a gas called carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. This gas traps heat that would otherwise escape Earth’s atmosphere. That increases Earth’s temperature, which contributes to the planet’s warming.

That’s why many scientists agree that the Earth is now warming because of human activity. How do they know? Through careful study, they know that the climate is warming about 10 times faster than the average previous warming times. They’ve also ruled out the natural factors that caused warming in the past.

The Earth’s average temperature has increased about 1.5°F in the past hundred years. It doesn’t sound like much, but scientists think that the temperature increase has caused melting glaciers, drought, and coral reef die-off. (Coral can’t survive in water that’s too warm.) They expect the climate will warm another .5°F to 8.6°F by the year 2100.

What could happen?

Climate change affects more than temperature. Warmer water changes the patterns of ocean currents, affecting global weather patterns.

Some places will receive more rainfall, which could lead to flooding, while other places will get less, which might mean drought. Tropical storms could be stronger, and a continuing rise in sea level due to melting polar ice might push people out of their homes.

Hundreds of plant and animal species have already experienced changes because of climate change. The American pika , for example, is a small mammal that lives in cool mountainous areas in western North America—in fact, it can die when exposed to temperatures warmer than 78˚F. So as the mountain climate heats up, the pika climbs the slopes in search of cooler habitat. But what happens when temperatures at the top become too warm for the pika?

Other species will benefit from a warmer world—but in some cases that would be bad news for humans. Because disease-carrying mosquitoes thrive in warm, wet weather, more people could contract illnesses such as malaria as the Earth warms.

What can we do about it?

You can do a lot! It’s simple to make a difference to keep the Earth healthy. Try some of these tips to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide you add to the atmosphere.

• Instead of traveling in a car, use public transportation, walk, or ride your bike when you can. Biking or walking 10 miles each day instead of riding in a car can save up to 1.9 tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere every year.
• Reduce and reuse things as much as possible. Factories emit lots of carbon dioxide when making new products. (Buying products that are made with recycled glass and plastic also emits carbon dioxide, though less so.) Fix your appliances and clothes instead of buying new products. Good thing holey jeans are back in style!
• Wash your clothes in cold water, and hang them to dry.
• Electronics use energy even when they’re turned off, so unplug them when you’re not using them. It could save your family about $200 a year on its energy bill.
• Eat less meat and dairy. Farm animals, er, emit another heat-trapping gas, methane. And some studies have found that livestock account for about half of the world’s heat-trapping gas emissions.
• Buy locally grown and in-season foods and products to reduce emissions from transporting products.
• Wear a warm sweater at home in the winter instead of turning up the heat, and open your windows instead of blasting the air conditioning in the summer.
• Talk to your parents and the other adults that you know about climate change. Send a letter or drawing to your mayor, Senate or House representative, or even to the president. These leaders can vote to regulate and reduce carbon dioxide emissions.

Your everyday actions affect people, plants, and animals all over the world—including polar bears! So be cool by doing your best to keep Earth well … cool!

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Learn about plastic and how to reduce your use., save the earth, save the earth tips, endangered species act.

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Prepare a brief speech on global warming. You have to deliver the speech in your class.

Asked by I T Roxaana 22/09/2019 Last Modified   05/10/2019

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Vishaka Bhutia

Global warming is an increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. It occurs as a result of an increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapour. These gases trap solar radiations released back by the Earth. This helps in keeping our planet warm and thus, helps in human survival. However, an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases can lead to an increase in the Earth’s temperature leading to global warming.

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A speech on 'Global Warming' for ASL of about 1 min.

Global warming: global warming is without a doubt one of the biggest environmental issues the planet earth is now dealing with. it's important to realize how serious the problem is. the world is warming up faster than usual because of the fuel we consume to power our homes, cars, companies, and other equipment. the hottest years and days to date are being recorded. it will only become worse if we do not stop it right away. the effects of global warming: the primary cause of the earth's current global warming is the use of fossil fuels. they are burned by people, which produces coal, oil, greenhouse gases, and other things. as a result, the earth's temperature is rising. as a result of this temperature increase, oceans are rising and coral reefs are dying. many aquatic species are going extinct as the glaciers melt. we might be surprised to learn that greenland is losing 20% more material than it is acquiring from the fresh snowfall. causes of global warming: increased number of vehicles deforestation overeating..

Prepare a brief speech on global warming. You have to deliver the speech in your class.

Which one is not a result of global warming?