aryabhatta essay in english 150 words

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Essay on Aryabhatta: Samples in 150 and 300 Words

• Updated on  
• Nov 11, 2023

Essay on Aryabhatta: A man of scientific temperament and astronomical knowledge, Aryabhatta has left an indestructible mark on India and the world. His accounts on Mathematics guide various dimensions of the subject like Arithmetic, Vedic Mathematics, Trigonometry , and Geometry. In addition, his discoveries in Astronomy introduced the world to the ‘Heliocentric Theory’.

With his theory, the world came to know that the sun and not Earth is the centre of the universe. All these are vividly mentioned in his stellar works- Aryabhatia and Aryabhatasiddhanta. To introduce you to his achievements, we have written a 150 and 300-word essay on Aryabhatta in this blog. Keep reading!!

Also Read: 20 Most Famous Indian Mathematicians

Essay on Aryabhatta in 150 Words

Here is an essay on Aryabhatta in 150 words:

Aryabhatta was born around the 4th century CE in Kusumpura, Bihar. He is one of India’s earliest mathematicians who flourished under the Gupta dynasty in ancient India. Under this empire, Aryabhatta composed two exceptional accounts-  Aryabhatiya and Aryabhatasiddhanta. His books are a testament to his critical thinking and immense mathematical knowledge. 

He has been credited with the discovery of trigonometric functions, the value of Pi, and algebraic identities. Furthermore, he is most popularly known for inventing Zero and finding its place in the number system. In addition to Mathematics, Aryabhatta has made ample contributions to the field of Astronomy. He was the one who propagated the ‘Heliocentric Theory’. According to this theory, planets revolve around the sun and it is not the other way around. Also, he explained the science behind solar and lunar eclipses. 

Therefore, it is ideal to say that Aryabhatta was an excellent scientist with immense knowledge and an exceptional understanding of his surroundings. 

Also read: Essay on Money

Essay on Aryabhatta in 300 Words

Now, let us look at an essay on Aryabhatta in 300 words: 

Born in the 4th century, Aryabhatta is one of India’s most acknowledged mathematicians and astronomers. He was born in Kusumpura, Kulpa, Bihar in the 4th century. His contributions and discoveries have left an indelible mark on Indian astrological traditions. 

He revolutionised the Vedic method of solving mathematical problems. Also, he studied and evolved key Mathematical fields like plane and spherical trigonometry, arithmetic, and algebra. Owing to his astounding knowledge of Algebra, he is regarded as the ‘Father of Algebra’. Also, he approximated the value of ‘pi’ as 3.14. In addition, Aryabhatta made use of null coefficients while being cautious about the risks associated with using zero. In contrast to Brahmi numbers, he followed the Sanskritic tradition, which primarily used letters and alphabets for notation.

Furthermore, Aryabhatta’s accurate insight was that the Earth rotates daily on its axis around the sun, causing the apparent movement of stars. This contradicted the prevalent belief of his time, which held that the sky itself rotated. Heliocentrism is defined as the celestial body’s axial rotation’, supported by mathematical evidence.

In later years, Aryabhatta’s research, inquiries, and computations were translated into numerous languages to assist astronomers from different cultures. The most notable translations occurred during the Islamic Golden Age, with influential Arabian mathematicians like Al-Khawarizmi and Al-Biruni, who also believed in the Earth’s axial rotation, drawing upon some of Aryabhatta’s discoveries.

In the realm of scientific knowledge and global impact, Aryabhatta played a pivotal role in putting India on the map. He challenged and contradicted many prevailing beliefs of his era, providing compelling evidence through his calculations to support his assertions. His work has stood the test of time, remaining remarkably precise. Aryabhatta was one of the few scientists who dedicated their entire lives to an extraordinary and enduring legacy of achievement. His contributions are celebrated and acknowledged throughout India.

Zero was introduced in the value system by Aryabhatta.

All Mathematical and Astronomical concepts by Aryabhatta are compiled in Aryabhatia and Aryabhatasiddhanta.

According to this theory, planets revolve around the sun and it is not the other way around. 

The mathematical value of Pi is 3.14

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Ankita Mishra

A writer with more than 10 years of experience, including 5 years in a newsroom, Ankita takes great pleasure in helping students via study abroad news updates about universities and visa policies. When not busy working you can find her creating memes and discussing social issues with her colleagues.

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Essay on Aryabhatta for Students and Children

500+ words essay on aryabhatta.

Essay on Arayabhatta – Aryabhatta was the first Indian mathematician and astronomer. He had immense knowledge in the field of mathematics. Moreover, he did he may discoveries during his era. For instance, some of them were the discovery of algebraic identities, trigonometrical functions, the value of pi, Place value system, etc.

Furthermore, he wrote many books which still help us in performing various calculations. Aryabhatta was a great influence to many youngsters. For he excelled in academics from a very early age. Moreover, he contributed much to the society his works and theories are still remembered and honored till date.

The Early Life of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta was born in 475 A.D. Furthermore his birthplace eas not sure, but in his book the ‘Aryabhatiya’, he mentions that he was a native of Kusumapura the modern-day Patna. Moreover, from his historical records, the archaeologists believed that he continued his further studies in Kusumapura. Because in Kusumapura his major astronomical observatory was located.

Therefore, we can ascertain that Aryabhatta spent most of the time there. Further, some historians believe that he was also the head of Nalanda University in Kusumpura. Though these theories are all on a probable basis because no proper evidence was there except the books Arybhatta wrote in his lifetime. Yet some of his records were lost and are not found till date.

Work of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta contributed greatly to the field of mathematics. For instance, he was responsible for discovering various trigonometrical functions which are useful for us in the modern era too.

Apart from his discoveries in the field of mathematics, Aryabhatta contributed immensely towards astronomy. He proposed the heliocentric theory which states the planets revolve around the Sun. with the help of this theory, he calculated the speed of the different planets with respect to the Sun.

Furthermore, he also calculated the sidereal rotation which is the rotation of the earth in reference to the stars. Moreover, he founded the sidereal year to be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes and 30 seconds which varies with only 3 minutes and 20 seconds over the modern-day value.

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Contributions of Aryabhatta

Most noteworthy is that Aryabhatta correctly founded that the earth rotates on its axis. Furthermore, he also proposed the geocentric model of the solar system which described the earth to be the center of the universe. And the sun, the moon, and the planets revolve around it.

Aryabhata also explained the solar and lunar eclipses in his book. Consequently, he also proposed that the moon due to the reflection of the sunlight. He explained in his book that the lunar eclipse and the solar eclipse takes by the shadow-casting of the earth and the moon.

In conclusion Aryabhatta approximations in the field of astronomy were quite accurate. It provided the core to the computational paradigm which provides a base to the modern theories.

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Paragraph on Aryabhata in 100, 150, 200, 250 & 300 Words for Students

Aryabhata was one of the earliest and most remarkable astronomers and mathematicians from ancient India. His work still amazes many people around the world today. Aryabhata believed that the Earth spins on its axis and that the daily rise and fall of the sun and stars are due to the Earth’s rotation, not because the skies themselves are moving. This idea was revolutionary during his time when many thought the Earth was stationary and the sky rotated. His contributions didn’t stop there; he also made significant advancements in mathematics, particularly in algebra and trigonometry. Let’s explore how Aryabhata’s theories were not only ahead of his time but continue to influence modern science.

Table of Contents

Paragraph on Aryabhata in 100 words

Aryabhata was one of the earliest Indian mathematicians and astronomers, and he made significant contributions to both fields around 500 AD. Born in the region now known as Bihar, Aryabhata wrote the “Aryabhatiya,” a small but comprehensive work that covers arithmetic, algebra, trigonometry, and astronomy. His most notable contributions include the introduction of the concept of zero, which revolutionized mathematics. Aryabhata was also ahead of his time in astronomy; he proposed that the Earth rotates on its axis daily and orbits the sun, which is a fact accepted much later in the Western world. His calculations on the durations of the planetary orbits are remarkably accurate. Aryabhata’s work laid the foundations for Indian mathematics and had a considerable influence on Islamic and European mathematical sciences.

Paragraph on Aryabhata in 150 words

Aryabhata, an eminent Indian mathematician and astronomer, was born in 476 AD in what is now Kerala. He is best known for his comprehensive work titled “Aryabhatiya,” composed at the age of just 23. This pioneering text includes topics like arithmetic, algebra, and the calculation of trigonometric series, which were centuries ahead of the European Renaissance mathematicians. Aryabhata’s genius in astronomy led him to assert that the Earth spins on its axis and that the apparent movement of the stars is due to this rotation, a revolutionary idea for that time. He also accurately calculated the earth’s circumference and its rotation time, along with the lengths of the planetary orbits. Aryabhata’s contributions extended to the calculation of pi (π), where he provided an approximation that was incredibly close to the true value. His work not only influenced Indian mathematics and astronomy but also had a lasting impact on Islamic science, which further transmitted these ideas to Europe. Aryabhata’s legacy is a testament to the rich scientific heritage of ancient India.

Paragraph on Aryabhata in 200 words

Aryabhata was a pioneering Indian mathematician and astronomer who made groundbreaking contributions to the fields of mathematics and astronomy around 500 AD. He was born in 476 AD, likely in Kerala, and his works display a profound understanding of these complex subjects. Aryabhata’s most celebrated composition, the “Aryabhatiya,” is a treatise that consists of 108 verses and deals with mathematical and astronomical theories. This seminal work is divided into sections that cover different aspects of mathematics such as algebra, arithmetic, trigonometry, and quadratic equations. Aryabhata introduced the concept of zero, which was a significant development in mathematics. In astronomy, he challenged the prevalent geocentric theory of his time by proposing that the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits the sun. Aryabhata calculated the periods of planets with remarkable accuracy, considering the observational tools of his era. Moreover, he estimated the length of the solar year as 365.25 days, which is very close to the modern measurement. Aryabhata’s deduction of the sine function, and his work on the approximation of π (pi), showcases his mathematical ingenuity. His scholarly work influenced not only subsequent Indian mathematicians and astronomers but also those in the Islamic world and later in Europe. Aryabhata’s legacy in the field of science remains influential, and his pioneering theories continue to be studied and revered in the academic world.

Paragraph on Aryabhata in 250 words

Aryabhata was one of the earliest Indian mathematicians and astronomers whose work has been highly influential in the field of mathematics and astronomy. Born in 476 AD in Kusumapura (present-day Patna, Bihar), Aryabhata’s contributions have played a crucial role in setting the foundation for mathematical and astronomical calculations. One of his significant works is the “Aryabhatiya,” a compilation of mathematics and astronomy, written in verse, which he authored at the age of just 23.

Aryabhata proposed the revolutionary idea that the Earth rotates on its axis daily and revolves around the sun, which was a significant departure from the then-prevailing worldview that saw the Earth as the center of the universe. His methods provided solutions for determining the positions of planets and calculating eclipses. He was also a pioneer in trigonometry, introducing sine, cosine, and inverse sine functions, enriching mathematical study considerably.

His work on the place value system and zero has had a profound impact on both mathematics and science. Aryabhata’s work did not just influence Indian mathematics, but also had a far-reaching impact on the Islamic world and, eventually, Europe. His legacy is still studied and respected in the academic communities for its depth and clarity. Aryabhata’s innovative thinking and groundbreaking discoveries make him one of the great luminaries in the history of science.

Paragraph on Aryabhata in 300 words

Aryabhata, born in 476 AD, was a renowned mathematician and astronomer from ancient India, whose pioneering work laid foundational stones in many scientific areas. His most famous written work, the “Aryabhatiya,” details many important mathematical and astronomical theories. This treatise, written in Sanskrit verse, covers arithmetic, algebra, plane trigonometry, and spherical geometry, and it continues to be studied for its rich content and historical value.

Aryabhata accurately calculated the value of pi, which he described as approximately 3.1416, a calculation remarkably close to the true value. This was a significant achievement, considering the limited tools available during his time. He also delved into the concept of algebra and provided sine and cosine tables, which were crucial for the development of trigonometry. His assertion that the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits the sun helped lay the groundwork for modern astronomy.

Apart from his mathematical genius, Aryabhata’s astronomical theories were far ahead of his time. He argued against the widely held belief that the Sun revolves around the Earth, promoting a heliocentric model instead. His explanations of solar and lunar eclipses were based on the idea that the Earth’s shadow causes these phenomena, challenging the mythological interpretations prevalent during his era.

His works profoundly influenced not only the subsequent generations of Indian scientists and scholars but also many in the Arabic world, who translated his writings from Sanskrit to Arabic. This helped spread his ideas to the Western world, significantly influencing European mathematics and astronomy during the Renaissance.

Aryabhata’s contributions to the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and science are monumental. His methods and calculations opened new ways of understanding the universe and solving complex problems, not only in his own culture but across different civilizations globally. His intellectual legacy continues to be a key part of scientific study and education in India and around the world.

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Essay on Aryabhatta for Students & Children in English [Easy Words]

January 16, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Aryabhatta: The first mathematician who discovered ‘0’ and ‘pi’ was Aryabhata. He was a genius mathematician from Bihar who lived during the Gupta dynasty rule. He was an ardent believer of Hindu traditions and greatly influenced by Bhagavad Gita’s teachings. He invented the number system and alongside an expert physicist and astronomer too. His groundbreaking theories on mathematics changed the way the world looks at science today. He discovered formulae for the area of triangle and volume of sphere.

Essay on Aryabhatta 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Aryabhatta Essay in English, suitable for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

1500 Years ago “INDIAN” taught the world how to count. ”ARYABHATTA” INVENTED “ZERO”

He was born in a place called Aryabhata, in Bihar, and flourished in Kusumapura, near Pataliputra, the capital of the Gupta dynasty at that time. Aryabhatta, one of the most prolific mathematicians and astronomers ever to walk on Earth, was a quintessential influence on the Indian subcontinent’s astronomical culture and tradition. The origin of Earth being round and flat by Aryabhata was confirmed some thousand years later by the Western world. It explains his exceptional discernment and how futuristic his ideas were, as he did not have access to any science or technical equipment. Imagine what it would have been if equations were not based on trigonometric bases.

Countless mega-inventions should have been late or incomplete. Hindu, as well as the Buddhist traditions together, have described Aryabhata as having received the modern Patna education from Kusumpura. In fact, at some point in time, he is believed to have been the head of Nalanda University. Aryabhata is adulated for building an observatory at Bihar’s Sun Temple. Several archaeological testimonies indicate that it emerged in Kodungallur from the present day.

Works of Aryabhatta

His work Aryabhatiya consists astonishingly of several mathematical calculations and methodologies which have been followed even today. It covers algebra, trigonometry, arithmetic, fractions, quadratic equations, etc. The book of 108 verses is divided into four chapters, namely Gitikiapada, Ganitapada, Kalakriyapada, Golapada and others. His disciple Bhaskara I rediscovered this literature of the sutras.

Additionally, Arya-Siddhanta is a work of astronomical computations which Varahamira, Bramhagupta, and Bhaskara once lost and later revived. Persian scholar and Indian chronicler Al-Biruni listed the third Al-nanf development of Aryabhata that survived in translation into Arabic.

Contributions of Aryabhatta – Mathematical Discoveries

The reputation and influence of Aryabhatta originate from several groundbreaking achievements. His invention of the place value system was the basis of zero numeral in mathematics, a part which need not be clarified as indispensable. He worked successfully in Pi approximation and concluded that it was an irrational number. This was remarkable because no other genius in mathematics has even done it before him, and even today, his methods continue to elude the greatest minds.

He found that Pi could be used for measuring the circumference of a sphere. His measurement of the diameter of a sphere is genius phenomenally. In his calculations, Aryabhata never used Brahmi numerals; in fact, he used the letter of alphabets to represent the numbers he required. His trigonometric assessments estimate triangle area. Aryabhatta also developed sophisticated algebraic and indeterminate equations, such as series and cubes summation, as well as Diophantine equations.

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Aryabhatta Biography

Introduction

The introduction of Aryabhatta to the world happened through his remarkable work in the field of mathematics and astronomy. Aryabhata is one of the most renowned Indian Mathematicians, in fact, one of the firsts. Born in the Gupta era that is during the rule of the Gupta Dynasty in 475 CE in Kusumapura, Pataliputra, he was known for his extraordinary knowledge in the astronomical field. He has written many treaties in both mathematics and astronomy. He was also the author of many mathematical books which to date is considered holy and reverend immensely. Many of his works were lost, but some are still available for modern scholars and hold great credibility. And his inventions, discoveries and contributions have brought pride to our country. It has also inspired many budding scientists to follow his path and make discoveries.

Who is Aryabhatta?

To understand who Aryabhatta is it is important to dig a little deeper beyond the Aryabhata Scientist and learn more by finding Aryabhata Information about his inventions and discoveries. There is not enough information about his personal life. Rather, all are curious to know what did Aryabhatta invented? And therefore Aryabhatta Inventions and Aryabhatta Discoveries is still a topic of interest, as there is a new generation curious to find about this Mathematical genius.  

Basic Information

Birth- 476 CE

Birth Place- Kusumapura, capital Patalipitra in the Gupta Era.

Present Day- birthplace is known to be Bihar, Patna, India.

Works- His Most Notable work is Aryabhatiya and Arya Siddhanta.

Death- 550 CE 

Aryabhata Information

The birthplace and year of Aryabhata are still estimated based on his works and influences. In one of his widely popular works Aryabhatiya, it was mentioned, he was 23 years old when we were 3600 years into Kaliyug, which dates back to 499 CE and thus estimating his birth year to be 476 CE. Not to be misunderstood, the text Aryabhatiya was published 3600 years into Kaliyug, it was much later when his works of discoveries and text were found. He always considered Kusumapura, Pataliputra his native place which is present-day Patna, Bihar. His actual birthplace and the family he was born into is still unknown.  

Abu Rayhan al-Biruni who is also known as Al-Biruni, a famous Islamic Mathematician who studied the works of Aryabhata stated that Aryabhata must be called Aryabhata 1 or Aryabhata the Elder. This statement was given claiming there were two scientists named Aryabhata who lived during the same period. This created commotion and confusion and did not help in understanding Aryabhata’s life rather created much more confusion. The confusion was cleared much later in the year 1926 by B Datta when he said the works Al-Biruni confused to be of two scientists, is only of one, and that is Aryabhata.

Pataliputra which was the capital of Kusumapura in the Gupta Empire was a major learning hub and was the center of a communication network. Because of which the works around the world reached the place easily that helped Aryabhata to make major mathematical and astronomical advancements. It was believed that he was the head of his school Kulpa in Kusumapura. Later to pursue his interest in astronomy also went to study at Nalanda University located in Pataliputra, the speculations of him being the head of his university also remained intact.

Aryabhata’s Works and Legacy 

The legacy of Aryabhata is truly unmatched, and no one can replicate his major achievements at a world-class level that is relevant to this day ever since. His visionary approach was noteworthy. Let’s take a look at Aryabhatta Inventions and Aryabhatta Discoveries.

Aryabhatta Inventions And Aryabhatta Discoveries

The major works of his that have not been lost are Aryabhatiya and Arya-Siddhanta. In both his works he explored Mathematics and astronomy and correlation. And he also explained how mathematical equations could help find out the workings of the world via astronomy. 

Aryabhatiya:- This book is also called Arya-status-ash which is directly translated as Aryabhata’s 108 because in the text there are 108 verses. It is written in the form of a sutra that is a collection of aphorisms which is a concise way of writing a statement or a scientific principle. 

These verses are his works that are a way to remember the complex calculations in a simple format, in the form of 13 introductory verses. These are divided into 4 chapters or padas, the 1st Chapter is Gitikapada that has 13 verses. It deals with cosmology. The planetary revolutions, in a maha yuga, is mentioned to be up to 4.32 million years. 

The 2nd Pada or chapter is the Ganitapada, Ganita in Sanskrit means calculations. It has  33 verses, all dedicated to mathematics. Explaining, mensuration, simple, quadratic, and indeterminate equations and arithmetic and geometric equations. 

The 3rd Pada is the Kalakriya Pada consisting of 25 verses, where using varying units of time the count of days, weeks and months. And the 4th Chapter is Golapada that consists of 50 verses. In this chapter, Aryabhata delves into the causes of days and nights, rising of zodiac signs, eclipse, celestial equator, node and the shape of the earth.

Mathematical Discoveries:- In Aryabhatiya Indian Mathematical Literature was extensively mentioned. The Vedic way to solve mathematical problems was explored and unsurprisingly this has also survived to modern times. The details of algebra, arithmetic, plane trigonometry, spherical trigonometry were discussed. He followed the Sanskrutik tradition or method of calculations that were prevalent in the Vedic Times. The title of ‘Father Of Algebra’ was given to Aryabhata, due to his notable understanding and explanation of planetary systems using it. Aryabhata correctly concluded the value of pi up to 2 decimal places, 3.14. He also used null coefficients and very rightly was aware of the use of zero in such a place. He used Sanskritic tradition that was mainly denoted by letters and alphabets, unlike the Brahmi numerals. 

Astronomy Discoveries:- Aryabhatta rightly insisted that the earth rotates daily on its axis around the sun and the movement of stars appeared to be because of the relative motion caused due to the rotation of the earth. This was in contrast to the then very popular belief that it was the sky that rotates. With calculated evidence, it was explained that heliocentrism is the rotation of planets around the sun, axially. 

His astronomical discoveries are majorly divided into four sections. These include an explanation of the motion of the solar system, eclipses, sidereal periods and heliocentrism.

The Motion of the Solar System

Aryabhatta suggested that the earth rotates on its axis daily. And the relative movement of the stars is caused by the motion of the earth.

In this first chapter of his book Aryabhatiyam, he mentions the number of earth rotations in a yuga.

To explain this phenomenon, he proposed a geometrical model of the solar system in which the moon and sun were carried by epicycles which means a circle moving on another circle. According to this model, the motion of the planets was governed by two epicycles. The smaller one was slow and the larger one was fast.

In terms of the distance from the earth, the order of the planets was- the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and the asterisms (group of stars). The periods and positions of the planets were calculated on the relative motion of the points.

In the case of Venus and Mercury, they moved with the same mean speed as the Sun around the Earth. However, Jupiter, Saturn and Mars, stars or points moved around the Earth at a specific velocity representing the motion of each planet through a zodiac.

Aryabhata explained lunar and solar eclipses with scientific experiments. He stated that the planets and the Moonshine due to the reflected sunlight. He explained the eclipses in terms of shadows falling on the Earth.

A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth’s shadow is blocked by the Moon. Later, he discussed the extent and size of the Earth’s shadow and then computed the size of the eclipsed part during an eclipse. Aryabhatta experiments laid the foundation for Indian astronomers to improve the calculations.

Sidereal Periods

Considering the modern units of time, Aryabhatta calculated the sidereal rotation ( the rotation of the Earth concerning the stars) as 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds. The modern value of time was written as 23:56:4.091. 

Heliocentrism

Aryabhatta gave an astronomical model which stated that the Earth rotates on its axis. His model also gave corrections for the calculations of mean speeds of the planets concerning the Sun. His calculations were based on the heliocentric model in which the planets and the Earth revolve around the Sun at the centre of the universe. 

The geocentric model of the solar system was described by Aryabhata, scientifically explaining the solar and lunar eclipses.  He also estimated the length of the year to be 365 days 6 hours 12 minutes 30 seconds which only deviates from today’s calculations by 3 minutes 20 seconds.

Death of Aryabhata Scientist

Aryabhata died a successful mathematician, astronomer and scientist at the age of 74. The place and time of death are still unknown. It was believed he spent most of his life in Kusumapura, Pataliputra.

Aryabhata's Legacy

Indian astronomical traditions and other cultures were highly influenced by Aryabhata's work. His works, experiments and calculations were translated into several languages to help other astronomers. During the Islamic Golden Age, the Arabian translation was specifically influential. Some of his results were cited by great Arabian mathematicians such as Al-Biruni and Al-Khawarizmi who believed that the Earth rotates on its axis.

Aryabhata's definitions for cosine, sine, inverse sine, verse sine gave birth to Trigonometry. He was one of the first mathematicians to determine sine and versine (1-cosx) tables from 0 to 90 degrees in the interval of 3.75 degrees to an accuracy of 4 decimal places.

The modern names of Trigonometric functions, sine and cosine are derived from the Sanskrit words “jya” and “Kojya” which were introduced by him.

His astronomical calculation techniques were also very popular among different astronomers. They were widely used to form Arabic astronomical tables “zijes”.

Along with this, his calendrical calculations have been used in India to form the Hindu calendar “Panchgram”. This calendar formed the basis of the Islamic calendar “Jalali'' which was introduced by a group of Islamic astronomers in 1073 CE. The modified versions of this calendar are still in use in Afghanistan and Iran.

To honour Aryabhata for his works, the Bihar Government has established Aryabhatta Knowledge University to promote astronomical knowledge among interested students. As well as the first Indian satellite was also named after him.

The contributions of a scientist since Aryabhata has never been the same. He truly made the world notice India, in terms of holding scientific knowledge and value that made a difference to the world. He challenged and contradicted many beliefs that were going on at the time and through calculations provided pieces of evidence for it to be true. And after all these years, his work does not flinch from meticulous accuracy. There are very few scientists who achieved in their lifetime an extraordinary duty of work and Aryabhata was one of them. India recognizes his contributions. His work was widely popular and appreciated in the Islamic world especially his astronomical discoveries which were translated into Arabic in the 8th Century. The first Indian Satellite to be sent to space was named after him as a tribute. He was the first in the classical age of India that excelled as a mathematician and an astronomer. At the time, without any advanced technology available, being able to estimate and approximate his discoveries was truly remarkable. We must take pride in his works as Indians.

FAQs on Aryabhatta Biography

1. Did Aryabhata Invent Zero?

A French mathematician Georges Ifrah who closely followed the works of Aryabhata argued that Aryabhata has implicitly used zero in place of null coefficients but since he followed Sanskrit tradition that only contained letters and alphabets he mentioned alphabets and a dot in place of zero. So he was very much aware of a number like zero that can exist as a unit or in the tens place and mostly used in a decimal place. Aryabhata’s discovery of zero provided a direction to astronomers and mathematicians to improve their calculations and get precise results.

2. What Aryabhata Discovered?

Aryabhata’s major discoveries in the works not lost were the value of pi, that is 3.14, the heliocentrism of the solar system wherein he estimated the axial rotation of planets around the sun. And mostly used Indian languages in his mathematical equations. He was also known for discovering the trigonometric functions, sine and cosine. These are the modern words that are taken from the Sanskrit origin “jya” and “kojya”.  Most of his works are lost but of what remains all have stood the test of time and still hold to this day.

3. What is Aryabhata Famous For?

Aryabhata is famous for being a mathematician, astronomer and scientist in the classical age. His works most have not been found, but whatever texts were discovered, has shown remarkable and accurate calculations. He had an in-depth knowledge of algebra, trigonometry, solving square roots, extracting quadratic equations, geometric and arithmetic progressions, the workings of the solar system and proved so through mathematical evidence. He is known to be the ‘Father of Algebra.” The most famous work of Aryabhata is his book that had 108 verses dedicated to mathematics, calculations of planetary motions, rising zodiac signs, length of a week and many astronomical discoveries.

4. What is Arya-Siddhanta?

Arya-Siddhanta is the lost work of Aryabhata on astronomical computations. It is known through the writings of his contemporary, Varahmihira, and later commentators and mathematicians including Bhaskara 1 and Brahmagupta. This thesis appears to be based on ShauryaSiddhantaand uses midday-night calculations, in opposition to sunrise in Aryabhatiya. This thesis also contains information on various astronomical instruments such as the gnomon, angle measuring devices, shadow instruments, semicircular and circular, cylindrical stick yasti-yantra, Chhota-yantra, an umbrella-shaped device, two types of water clocks, bow-shaped and cylindrical.

5. What was the contribution of Aryabhatta In Trigonometry?

Aryabhatta Designed a book called Aryabhatiya. This book has a section named Ganitpadain in which he has provided the area of the triangle for trigonometric calculations. He stated that the area of a triangle is the product of half of the side with its perpendicular.

In this book, he has also discussed trigonometric functions such as sine and cosine. He was named sine Ardha-jya which means half-chord. However, sine was referred to as jobs when the Arabic translators translated his thesis. Later, the word jiba was translated into the Latin word sinus which means “bay” or “cove”. Thereupon, this was translated into English and termed as “sine”.

Paragraph on Aryabhata

Aryabhata was a renowned Indian mathematician and a great astronomer. We study different subjects and every subject has equal importance in our life. Can you imagine what our life would be without mathematics? We would not be able to count anything, determine shapes, perform calculations, etc. Mathematics plays a very important role in different aspects of our lives. I think that we all find it interesting to read or write about great personalities and their contribution to the world. The great Indian mathematician Aryabhata has a major contribution to the field of mathematics. The invention of different mathematical calculations, equations, and formulas were possible because of his high intelligence power.

Short and Long Paragraphs on Aryabhata

This topic is very important for the students of all classes and the competitive exam aspirants. The students often get this topic to write an essay, assignment, project, etc on it. In the same reference, I have provided some sets of short and long paragraphs on this topic. I hope that this might be beneficial in providing you an idea of writing essays, assignments, projects, etc on this topic.

Paragraph 1- 100 Words (Elucidation Of Great Scientist Of Ancient India- Aryabhata)

Ancient India marks the presence of several renowned thinkers, philosophers, and scientists. These great personalities had their major contributions in different fields. Aryabhata, regarded as the great Indian mathematician, is also one of the precious jewels of ancient India. His remarkable contributions in the field of physics and mathematics have been useful for the entire humanity. He was a very intelligent person and had vast knowledge in the field of mathematics. He at the very young age of 23 had made excellent contributions in the field of mathematics and astronomy. He had done such inventions at a time when there was no technology or equipment. He also wrote different books that will be guiding us till generations.

Paragraph 2- 120 Words (Aryabhata: The Genius Mathematician and Astronomer)

I think that you all would have heard the name of the Aryabhata. This great mathematician was born in 476 A.D. Many of us recognize him as the discoverer of zero but his finding is not limited only upto this. His work also includes sinusoidal functions, the value of pi, algebraic identities, number system, etc. His findings form the fundamentals of mathematics at present. These fundamentals have become part of the syllabus in every school in the world. This is a sad thing that his name is never mentioned in the modern world for the discovery of other things rather than zero. Apart from being a great mathematician he was also an astronomer and gave the explanation of lunar and solar eclipse, the concept of rotation of the earth on its axis, the diameter of earth, etc. His inventions were not acknowledged by the entire scientific community at that time but were recognized later and this gave birth to the invention of several new concepts afterward.

Paragraph 3- 150 Words (Aryabhata: Pride of India)       

Aryabhata was a great Indian mathematician of ancient India who had a great contribution in revealing the unknown facts of this universe. He had been a genius behind several discoveries in the field of mathematics, astronomy and physics and therefore is the pride of India. Aryabhatiya and Arya-Siddhanta are the famous works of Aryabhata. The invention of zero by him had been an outstanding finding in the field of mathematics because without it mathematics is not possible.

The fact that the earth is round and rotates on its axis at a distance from the sun is known to be revealed by the western world but was originally discovered by Aryabhata. He also stated that the earth rotates but the sun is fixed at one place. His inventions in the field of mathematics, physics and astronomy have a major role in the advancement of science. It took several years for the scientists of the world to analyze his discoveries that he did at a very small age. This determines his high power of thinking and intelligence.

Paragraph 4- 200 Words (An Account On Life of Aryabhata)

The birth of a renowned personality named Aryabhata in ancient India during the 5th century is really a great pride for the nation. He was a genius mathematician and great astronomer. His contributions in the field of mathematics and astronomy had brought wonder in the field of science. India’s first satellite launched in the year 1975 was named Aryabhata in honor of this renowned mathematician. Moreover, he was also regarded as the first mathematician in India.

Life History of Aryabhata

Aryabhata has been born in 476 A.D. during the rule of the Gupta Empire in India. There are very few details available regarding the life of Aryabhata. The facts that are known had been revealed from his work. His appearance is also not known to the people of the world. His name is mostly spelled as ‘Aryabhatta’ but it is the wrong spelling of the name. The proper spelling of his name is Aryabhata. The birthplace of the great mathematician Aryabhata is not yet confirmed and is a point of confusion. According to some literary sources, it is stated that he was born in Pataliputra or Kusumapura that is called Patna in Bihar at present. It is stated that he went to Kusumapura to attain higher and advanced education. Later, he was also made the head of Nalanda University that was located in Kusumapura. There are very details of his life and that also had been revealed by his notable contributions.

An Inspiring Personality- Aryabhata was a great ancient scientist who had a remarkable contribution in the field of mathematics and astronomy at the very young age of 23 years. He had made such progress in spite of several odds and difficulties. People were not even aware of counting at that time when he had discovered such facts of the universe and mathematics. His inventions have been fundamental for the development of modern mathematics. Therefore, we can say that the entire life and work of the genius mathematician is inspirational for young minds.

Paragraph 5- 250 Words (The Notable Works of Aryabhata)

The history of ancient India is full of people who have made major contributions to development. They have revealed several concepts of the universe years ago and that are analyzed and presented by the scientists at present. Aryabhata was the first Indian mathematician who discovered the fundamentals of mathematics during a time when people were not even aware of counting. He was very interested in observing the phenomenon happening in the universe and thus he also explained several astronomical processes happening in the universe.

His Notable Works

Aryabhata has made a notable contribution in the field of mathematics and astronomy. His different books on astronomy and mathematics have been referred to as his famous work. Some of the work that had been written by him has been lost and thus no longer exists at present. Aryabhatiya and Arya- Siddhartha are the names of his famous works.

• Aryabhatiya- This book of Aryabhata is not among the lost ones and exists till present. It is a collection of mathematical and astronomical theories and concepts. The theories of algebra, arithmetic, plane trigonometry, spherical trigonometry, quadratic equations, fractions, power series, table of sines, etc are available in the mathematical portion of the book. This book is categorized into three parts namely Ganita, Kala-Kriya, and Gola.
• Arya-Siddhanta- This book of Aryabhata is a compilation of different astronomical facts and has been lost in the past. It contains the details of what happens in the universe after midnight. It also describes several astronomical instruments. There is another existing book in Arabic named Al-nanf and this is only surviving in Arabic translation.

The Forgotten Mathematician

The history of India reveals several scientists, philosophers and scholars that had a major role in the development of the nation. Aryabhata was a genius mathematician and his contributions in the field of mathematics and astronomy were revolutionary. It has been noticed that many facts related to the universe have been revealed very early by these ancient scientists but they were neither unveiled nor could be kept protected. Moreover, he could not even get good public recognition for his discoveries. He discovered such important fundamentals at a time when people were uneducated and just spent the majority of their time arranging food for their families. It is sad to state that the name of this great scientist is not as famous as it should be.

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FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Aryabhata

Ans. The great mathematician Aryabhata died in 550 CE.

Ans. Aryabhata is regarded as the Father of Indian Mathematics.

Ans. The name Aryabhata-I is given to the great Indian mathematician to differentiate him from Aryabhata-II in the 10th century.

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Aryabhatta was a well-known astronomer and mathematician. He was born in the Indian state of Bihar, in the town of Kusumapura (now Patna).

The famous Gupta Empire was an ancient empire in India. Existing from the early 4th century CE to th

Aryabhatta was a well-known astronomer and mathematician. He was born in the Indian state of Bihar, in the town of Kusumapura (now Patna). Despite his enormous contributions to mathematics, science, and astronomy, he has received no credit in the history of science. He authored his famous “Aryabhatiya” at the age of 25. He understood the idea of zero and how to employ huge numbers up to 10<sup18. He was the first to compute the value of ‘pi’ to the fourth decimal point with precision. He was the one who came up with the formula for computing the areas of triangles and circles.

About Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta’s birthplace and year are still conjectures based on his works and influences. It was said in one of his well-known books, Aryabhatiya, To be clear, the manuscript Aryabhatiya was published 3600 years into the Kaliyug, although his findings and writings were discovered much later. He always regarded Kusumapura, Pataliputra, which is now Patna, Bihar, to be his birthplace. The location of his birth and the family into which he was born is still unclear.

Pataliputra, the capital of the Gupta Empire’s Kusumapura province, was a prominent learning institution and the heart of a communication network. As a result, works from all over the world were easily transported to the location, allowing Aryabhatta to make significant mathematical and astronomical advances. He was said to be the head of his Kusumapura school, Kulpa. Later, to pursue his passion for astronomy, he proceeded to Nalanda University in Pataliputra, where rumors of his becoming the president of his university persisted.

Aryabhatiya

This book is also known as Arya-status-ash, which means “aryabhatta’s 108” since there are 108 verses in the text. It’s written as a sutra, which is a collection of aphorisms, which is a short way of expressing a statement or a scientific principle.

These words, in the shape of 13 introduction verses, are his works that provide a means to recall difficult computations in a simple style. The first chapter, Gitikapada, includes 13 verses and is broken into four chapters or padas. It is about cosmology. In a maha yuga, the planetary revolutions are said to last up to 4.32 million years.

Discoveries

Indian Mathematical Literature was widely mentioned in Aryabhatiya. The Vedic method of solving mathematical problems was investigated, and it is unexpected that it has lasted to the present day. Algebra, arithmetic, plane trigonometry, and spherical trigonometry were all studied in detail. He calculated using the Sanskrutik tradition, which was popular throughout the Vedic period.

Aryabhatta was awarded the title of ‘Father Of Algebra’ because of his remarkable grasp and explanation of planetary systems employing it. Aryabhatta calculated the value of pi to two decimal places, which was 3.14. He also employed null coefficients and was well aware of the dangers of using zero in such a situation. In contrast to Brahmi numbers, he employed Sanskritic tradition, which was primarily denoted by letters and alphabets.

The world spins daily on its axis around the sun, and the movement of stars appears to be owing to the relative motion induced by the rotation of the earth, as Aryabhatta correctly said. This was in contrast to the widely held assumption at the time that the sky rotated. Heliocentrism is defined as the axial rotation of celestial bodies, according to mathematical evidence.

Legacy Of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta’s work had a significant influence and impact on Indian astrological traditions and other civilizations. His studies, investigations, and calculations were translated into various languages to benefit other astronomers. The Arabian translation was most prominent during the Islamic Golden Age. Great Arabian mathematicians like Al-Biruni and Al-Khawarizmi, who thought the Earth rotated on its axis, referenced some of his findings.

Trigonometry was born from aryabhatta’s concepts of cosine, sine, inverse sine, and versed sine. He was the first mathematician to calculate sine and versine (1-cost) tables from 0 to 180 degrees in a 3.75-degree span with four decimal places of precision.

The contemporary names for trigonometric functions, sine, and cosine, are derived from his use of the Sanskrit terms “jya” and “Kojya. His astronomical calculating methods were also well-liked by other astronomers. They were commonly used in the creation of Arabic astrological tables known as “zijes.”

Since Aryabhatta, a scientist’s contributions have never been the same. In terms of scientific understanding and worth that made a difference in the globe, he genuinely made the world recognize India. He disputed and opposed numerous popular views at the time, and via computations, he presented evidence that they were correct. And, despite the passage of time, his art remains meticulously accurate. Aryabhatta was one of the rare scientists who completed an incredible responsibility of labor throughout their lives. His efforts are recognised throughout India. In the Islamic world, his work was well-received, particularly his astronomical findings, which were published in Arabic in the eighth century.

Frequently Asked Questions

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Mention some contributions of Aryabhatta

What did aryabhatta discover in mathematics, what is the contribution of aryabhatta in the number system.

Answer: Aryabhatta was the first of India’s renowned astronomers during the ancient era. He was born in Ashmaka around but afterward moved to Kusumapura, which his biographer Bhaskara I  links to Patilputra (modern Patna). Aryabhatta became eternal after giving the world the numeral “0” (zero).

Answer: Aryabhatta contributed to the development of new deductions and ideas in mathematics. He was the one who computed the estimation of pi, which he discovered to be 3.14, and his contribution to mathematics is unparalleled and cannot be overlooked.

Answer: Aryabhatta established a system of numbers in Aryabhatiya, in which he employed letters from the Indian language to represent numbers. His numbering system allowed for the representation of numbers up to 10 18 using alphabetical representation. Aryabhatta was said to be conversant with the idea of zero and the place value system.

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Essay On Aryabhatta – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay for Children

Key Points to Remember When Writing Essay On Aryabhatta For Lower Primary Classes

10 lines on aryabhatta for kids, short essay on aryabhatta in english for kids, long essay on aryabhatta for children, interesting facts about aryabhatta for kids, what will your child learn from the essay on aryabhatta.

You must have heard about Aryabhatta, our nation’s great mathematician and astronomer. He is renowned for his extraordinary skills as a mathematician. Kids can learn a great deal about him by writing an essay on Aryabhatta for classes 1, 2 and 3. Indians are still proud of the discoveries made by Aryabhatta. Some notable findings of Aryabhatta are the place value system, value of pi, algebraic identities, and trigonometric functions. The books authored by Arybhatta are precious for mathematicians. Aryabhata is an inspiring personality for aspiring mathematicians. Kids also need to know about such personalities and learn from their achievements. Essay writing is an essential skill for kids that will benefit them throughout their academic life.

Essay writing might seem easy but can be technical in many ways. Especially when writing an essay for kids, it is important to consider a few points. The following are the key points to remember when writing an essay on Aryabhatta for lower primary classes:

• The heading must be captivating.
• Statements should be simple and clear.
• Sentences should be informative.
• Easy use of language.
• The conclusion should be precise and strong.

A 10-line essay on Aryabhatta would be the best method to assist them in learning about his great deeds. The following is an example of an essay for classes 1 and 2 on Aryabhatta.

• Aryabhatta is a famous Indian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist.
• He is still remembered for his groundbreaking discoveries and theories.
• Aryabhatta was born around 476 A.D. during the Gupta Dynasty, in Bihar.
• The trigonometric functions discovered by Aryabhatta are a significant part of modern mathematics.
• Aryabhatta introduced the concept of “zero” and used it in the place value system, which has a substantial role in the world of numbers.
• Aryabhata also authored three books on astronomy; however, only one of them is still available.
• One of the famous books written by Aryabhatta is Aryabhatiya or Aryabhatiyam.
• Aryabhatta has also written a poem that explains the five laws of mathematics.
• The formulae given by Aryabhatta are used all around the world.
• Inventions and discoveries of Arybhatta have played a critical role in the evolution of science and mathematics.

This is a short essay on Aryabhatta for kids in English. Students can use this essay to learn about the life of Arybhatta and his achievements.

Aryabhatta is the first Indian mathematician who made significant contributions to the field of mathematics and astronomy. He belonged to a small village in Bihar. He lived during the Gupta Dynasty and was born around 476 A.D. Despite being born in a small village in India, Arybhatta broke all the social stigmas present in the society and rose as a significant personality in mathematics and science.

His discoveries and theories have been the reason why modern science and math have grown so significantly. Aryabhatta made several significant discoveries and inventions which made modern innovations possible. Aryabhatta gave “zero” to the world. He also defined the value of “pi”, gave the place value system, and explained the structure of the solar system and the concept of revolution and rotation. It is impossible to imagine the current position of mathematics and astronomy without the discoveries made by Aryabhatta. The level of intellect and advanced thought process offered by Aryabhatta to the world is more than inspirational to modern-day kids.

The following is a long essay for classes 3 and above. This essay on Aryabhatta is beneficial for students to learn about the first Indian mathematician and his priceless contributions.

Aryabhatta has a significant influence on modern-day science and math. And his discoveries will always remain relevant to the entire world. The basics of mathematics given by Aryabhatta are still taught around all over the world. Every kid knows that “zero” was provided by the great Indian mathematician Aryabhatta. But that is not the only achievement or contribution made by Aryabhatta. There is a lot more about the life of Aryabhatta that the children must know.

Who Was Aryabhatta?

Aryabhata was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. He is still famous for his unrivalled knowledge in the subject of math. His discoveries are still relevant to modern-day mathematicians and scientists. He has made important discoveries like the value of pie, place value system, trigonometric functions, etc. He is also known for the discovery of “zero”.

Early Life And Education Of Aryabhatta

While the exact birthplace of Aryabhatta remains unknown, he was born around 475 A.D. According to the book Arybhatiya authored, he was born and lived in Bihar. His significant astronomical works present in Bihar, such as his observatories, are a major reason why it is believed that he was born in Bihar.

According to archaeologists, he studied in Kusumpura, Bihar only. Historians also believe that Aryabhatta was the head of the famous Nalanda University. While there is no clear evidence for information regarding the early life of Arybhatta, all the assumptions are made based on his book.

Discoveries And Contribution Of Aryabhatta

Aryabhatta has made a significant contribution to the world of mathematics. He has discovered several trigonometric functions that are still relevant in modern mathematics. The value of “pi” given by Aryabhatta has simplified the mathematics for users. Also, the invention of “zero” by Aryabhatta remains unrivalled by any other invention made so far. His book Aryabhatiya has many important astronomical theories.

Aryabhatta and his discoveries have been revolutionary, not only for mathematics but for astronomy as well. The heliocentric theory he gave explained the planets’ revolution around the sun. He has also calculated the speeds of the earth and sidereal rotation.

Death And Legacy Of Aryabhatta

The legacy of wisdom left by Aryabhatta has no geographical boundaries, and it clearly impacts India and neighbouring cultures. Scholars from all over the world believed in his theories and translated them to make them more accessible. The discoveries in the modern world have also proven that the theories given by Aryabhatta were correct. Some of his works were cited by great Arabian scholars, such as Al- Khawarizmi and Al- Biruni. His definitions of cosine and sine helped advance the world of Trignometry. The legacy of Aryabhatta is not only praised by the world but has also made a significant contribution to the upliftment of humans.

Quick facts are really helpful for kids to learn about a particular subject. The following are some interesting facts about Aryabhatta for kids:

• Aryabhatta defined terms like equator, vertical, horizon, meridian, and parallax.
• Aryabhata was the first astronomer who explained that the stars’ movements result from the earth’s rotation.
• Aryabhatta gave “zero” and used it in his place value system.
• The Aryabhatiya by Arybhatta is written in verse couplets.
• Arybhatiya is divided in different sections named Gitikapadam, Ganitapada, Kalakriyapada, and Golapada.

An essay on Aryabhatta shall be really helpful for your kid to know more about his inventions and discoveries. The achievements of Aryabhatta are inspirational for every little kid. The essay would also benefit the kid’s comprehension skills.

1. How Important Are Aryabhatta’s Invention To The Modern World?

Aryabhata has explained the rotation and revolution of the planets. He has also explained eclipses. The value of “pi” given by Aryabhatta has also played an essential role in the advancement present in the modern world.

2. Which Book Did Aryabhatta Write, And What Information Does It Consist?

Aryabhatta wrote the book Aryabhatiya. This book has different parts, and every aspect talks about various things like cosmology and mathematical calculations, including arithmetic and geometric equations, count of months, days, and weeks, the cause of eclipse, the shape of the earth, and many more.

Learning about inspiring personalities can be helpful for kids in a variety of ways. It will build confidence within them and inspire them to dream bigger. Also, the skill of essay writing would help them in the classroom and in competitions.

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Aryabhata’s Contributions in Mathematics

Aryabhata, a great Indian mathematician and astronomer was born in 476 CE. His name is sometimes wrongly spelt as ‘Aryabhatta’. His age is known because he mentioned in his book ‘Aryabhatia’ that he was just 23 years old while he was writing this book. According to his book, he was born in Kusmapura or Patliputra, present-day Patna, Bihar. Scientists still believe his birthplace to be Kusumapura as most of his significant works were found there and claimed that he completed all of his studies in the same city. Kusumapura and Ujjain were the two major mathematical centres in the times of Aryabhata. Some of them also believed that he was the head of Nalanda university. However, no such proofs were available to these theories. His only surviving work is ‘Aryabhatia’ and the rest all is lost and not found till now. ‘Aryabhatia’ is a small book of 118 verses with 13 verses (Gitikapada) on cosmology, different from earlier texts, a section of 33 verses (Ganitapada) giving 66 mathematical rules, the second section of 25 verses (Kalakriyapada) on planetary models, and the third section of 5o verses (Golapada) on spheres and eclipses. In this book, he summarised Hindu mathematics up to his time. He made a significant contribution to the field of mathematics and astronomy. In the field of astronomy, he gave the geocentric model of the universe. He also predicted a solar and lunar eclipse. In his view, the motion of stars appears to be in a westward direction because of the spherical earth’s rotation about its axis. In 1975, to honour the great mathematician, India named its first satellite Aryabhata. In the field of mathematics, he invented zero and the concept of place value. His major works are related to the topics of trigonometry, algebra, approximation of π, and indeterminate equations. The reason for his death is not known but he died in 55o CE. Bhaskara I, who wrote a commentary on the Aryabhatiya about 100  years later wrote of Aryabhata:-

Aryabhata is the master who, after reaching the furthest shores and plumbing the inmost depths of the sea of ultimate knowledge of mathematics, kinematics and spherics, handed over the three sciences to the learned world.”

His contributions to mathematics are given below.

1. Approximation of π

Aryabhata approximated the value of π correct to three decimal places which was the best approximation made till his time. He didn’t reveal how he calculated the value, instead, in the second part of ‘Aryabhatia’ he mentioned,

Add four to 100, multiply by eight, and then add 62000. By this rule the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 20000 can be approached.”

This means a circle of diameter 20000 have a circumference of 62832, which implies π = 62832⁄20000 = 3.14136, which is correct up to three decimal places. He also told that π is an irrational number. This was a commendable discovery since π was proved to be irrational in the year 1761, by a Swiss mathematician, Johann Heinrich Lambert.

2. Concept of Zero and Place Value System

Aryabhata used a system of representing numbers in ‘Aryabhatia’. In this system, he gave values to 1, 2, 3,….25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 using 33 consonants of the Indian alphabetical system. To denote the higher numbers like 10000, 100000 he used these consonants followed by a vowel. In fact, with the help of this system, numbers up to {10}^{18} can be represented with an alphabetical notation. French mathematician Georges Ifrah claimed that numeral system and place value system were also known to Aryabhata and to prove her claim she wrote,

 It is extremely likely that Aryabhata knew the sign for zero and the numerals of the place value system. This supposition is based on the following two facts: first, the invention of his alphabetical counting system would have been impossible without zero or the place-value system; secondly, he carries out calculations on square and cubic roots which are impossible if the numbers in question are not written according to the place-value system and zero.”

3. Indeterminate or Diophantine’s Equations

From ancient times, several mathematicians tried to find the integer solution of Diophantine’s equation of form ax+by = c. Problems of this type include finding a number that leaves remainders 5, 4, 3, and 2 when divided by 6, 5, 4, and 3, respectively. Let N be the number. Then, we have  N = 6 x +5 = 5 y +4 = 4 z +3 = 3 w +2. The solution to such problems is referred to as the Chinese remainder theorem. In 621 CE, Bhaskara explained Aryabhata’s method of solving such problems which is known as the Kuttaka method. This method involves breaking a problem into small pieces, to obtain a recursive algorithm of writing original factors into small numbers. Later on, this method became the standard method for solving first order Diophantine’s equation.

4. Trigonometry

In trigonometry, Aryabhata gave a table of sines by the name ardha-jya, which means ‘half chord.’ This sine table was the first table in the history of mathematics and was used as a standard table by ancient India. It is not a table with values of trigonometric sine functions, instead, it is a table of the first differences of the values of trigonometric sines expressed in arcminutes. With the help of this sine table, we can calculate the approximate values at intervals of 90º⁄24 = 3º45´. When Arabic writers translated the texts to Arabic, they replaced ‘ardha-jya’ with ‘jaib’. In the late 12th century, when Gherardo of Cremona translated these texts from Arabic to Latin,  he replaced the Arabic ‘jaib’ with its Latin word, sinus, which means “cove” or “bay”, after which we came to the word ‘sine’. He also proposed versine, (versine= 1-cosine) in trigonometry. 

5. Cube roots and Square roots

Aryabhata proposed algorithms to find cube roots and square roots. To find cube roots he said,

 (Having subtracted the greatest possible cube from the last cube place and then having written down the cube root of the number subtracted in the line of the cube root), divide the second non-cube place (standing on the right of the last cube place) by thrice the square of the cube root (already obtained); (then) subtract form the first non cube place (standing on the right of the second non-cube place) the square of the quotient multiplied by thrice the previous (cube-root); and (then subtract) the cube (of the quotient) from the cube place (standing on the right of the first non-cube place) (andwrite down the quotient on the right of the previous cube root in the line of the cube root, and treat this as the new cube root. Repeat the process if there is still digits on the right).”

To find square roots, he proposed the following algorithm,

Having subtracted the greatest possible square from the last odd place and then having written down the square root of the number subtracted in the line of the square root) always divide the even place (standing on the right) by twice the square root. Then, having subtracted the square (of the quotient) from the odd place (standing on the right), set down the quotient at the next place (i.e., on the right of the number already written in the line of the square root). This is the square root. (Repeat the process if there are still digits on the right).”

6. Aryabhata’s Identities

Aryabhata gave the identities for the sum of a series of cubes and squares as follows,

1² + 2² +…….+n² = (n)(n+1)(2n+1)⁄6

1³ + 2³ +…….+n³ = (n(n+1)⁄2)²

7. Area of Triangle

In Ganitapada 6, Aryabhata gives the area of a triangle and wrote,

Tribhujasya phalashriram samadalakoti bhujardhasamvargah”

that translates to,

for a triangle, the result of a perpendicular with the half-side is the area.”

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Aryabhatta Short Essay in English for Students (400 Words)

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2 Minute Speech On Aryabhatta In English

Greetings and very good morning to everyone present. Today on this auspicious day I am going to speak about the father of Indian Mathematics Aryabhatta. The earliest mathematician and astronomer in India was Aryabhatta. Aryabhatta’s greatest contribution was in the area of mathematics. He discovered a number of trigonometric functions that are extremely important in contemporary mathematics. The difficulties in mathematics are eliminated by Aryabhatta’s discovery of the value of “pi.” But his discovery of place value and zero is the mathematical equivalent of a stroke of genius. The book “Aryabhatiya” has a variety of astronomical theories.

Aryabhatta excelled at mathematics and has extensive astronomical knowledge. His heliocentric theory states that the planets rotate around the sun. He used his hypothesis to determine the relative speeds of the planets to the Sun. The sidereal year, which stipulates that there should be 365 days, 6 hours, 12 minutes, and 30 seconds in a year, was one of his most important astronomical discoveries. This differs just by 3 minutes and 20 seconds from the current number.

The world revolves on its axis, as was properly established by Aryabhatta. He also anticipated the geocentric solar system model, which put the earth at the center of the universe. The sun, moon, and planets rotate around it. He also discussed lunar and solar eclipses in his book. His book provided an explanation of how the earth and moon’s shadows cause solar eclipses and lunar eclipses to occur.

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