essay on role of cell phone

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Essay on Mobile Phone: 100 Words, 300 Words, 500 Words

Updated on
Feb 21, 2024

Mobile Phones are portable electronic devices used to make calls, browse the internet, click pictures, and do several other tasks. However, the mobile phones discovered in the early 1970s were quite different from the compact and slim devices we use today. Cell phones were invented by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973.

As modern humans, we all use mobile phones for our day-to-day functioning. At academic and higher education levels, students are given the task of writing an essay on mobile phones. An essay on mobile phones requires a comprehensive and detailed study of their history, major developments and the purposes it serve. In this article, we have provided essays on mobile phones for class 6,7,8.9, 10, and 12th standard students. Students can refer to these sample essays on mobile phones to write their own. Keep reading to find out essays on mobile phones and some fun facts about the device.

Table of Contents

1 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (100 Words)
2 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (300 words)
3 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (500 words)
4 Essay on Mobile Phone: 5+ Facts About Smartphones

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (100 Words)

Also Read: The Beginner’s Guide to Writing an Essay

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (300 words)

Also Read: Essay on Importance of the Internet

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (500 words)

Essay on mobile phone: 5+ facts about smartphones.

Here we have listed some of the interesting facts about smartphones. These facts can be added to the ‘essay on mobile phones’ to make it more interesting. Below are the 5 interesting facts about smartphones:

The most expensive smartphone in the world is the Falcon Supernova iPhone 6 Pink Diamond. It is worth $48.5 million.
The cheapest mobile phone in the world is the Freedom 251. It just cost INR 251.
Apple is the world’s most popular smartphone
The first phone greeting was “Ahoy-hoy, who’s calling please?”
The first smartphone was invented by IBM. It was released by IBM in 1994. The original screen name of the 1st smartphone was “Simon.”
The first text message in the world was ‘Merry Christmas’

Also Read: Holi Essay: Free Sample Essays 100 To 500 Words In English

A mobile phone system gets its name from diving the service into small cells. Each of these cells has a base station with a useful range in the order of a kilometre/mile.

Mobile phones have become extremely important due to the ease of communication it has brought about. Moreover, it can perform several major tasks easily and effectively. For example, a calculator. Aside from this mobile phones can help a user connect to the internet, and use social media applications, and other applications. Mobile phones can even assist in online payment.

The full form or the meaning of a Moble is Modified, Operation, Byte, Integration, Limited, Energy”. John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola discovered the device in 1973. An essay on mobile phones can include the mobile phone full form.

Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lifestyle. There are several advantages and disadvantages of having a smartphone. However, the pros outweigh the cons. A mobile phone essay can be written by including both the advantages and disadvantages. To discover more articles like this one, consult the study abroad expert at Leverage Edu.

Blessy George

Blessy George works as a Content Marketing Associate at Leverage Edu. She has completed her M.A. in Political Science and has experience working as an Intern with CashKaro. She has written extensively on studying abroad, English Test preparation, visas, and online courses. During her free time, she likes to read and write poetry, and songs.

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Essay on Mobile Phone for Students [100, 150, 250, 400 Words]

Essay on Mobile Phone: Mobile Phone is a wonderful gift of science. In this article, you are going to learn to write an essay on Mobile Phone in English (100, 150, 250 and 400 Words). So, let’s get started.

Table of Contents

Essay on Mobile Phone: 100 Words

The mobile phone is one of the greatest gifts of modern science. It is also called cell phone or smart phone. It is a great medium of communication. In earlier times mobile phones were used only for communication. But now-a-days a mobile phone is used as an entertainment device. We can use it for watching videos, listening to music, capturing pictures, web browsing, calculating, navigating and many more purposes.

The mobile phone has many advantages but we should use it in moderation. Excessive use of mobile phones can affect our physical and mental health. Students often misuse it and their study is affected badly. We should use our mobile phones very wisely.

Mobile Phone Essay: 150 Words

The mobile phone is a miracle of science. From a minor student to an ordinary Worker, everyone possesses a cell phone. Indeed, this is a very popular item today. It is truly, a mark of modern living, a part of the modern life-style. Of course, its usefulness is undeniable. Now a man can have communication anywhere, anytime to anyone sitting thousands of kilometers from him.

Today it is not only a communication device. It can be used for a number of purposes like online ticket booking, navigation, playing video games, taking pictures, recording videos, web browsing, video calling etc. In fact, now we use mobile phone for taking online classes. Hence it is called a Smart Phone. At the same time, the excessive craze for this is not desirable and may even prove dangerous. Mobile phone is to be taken as an utility service, and not as a show-piece.

Also Read: Paragraph on Computer in English

Essay on Mobile Phone: 250 Words

A mobile phone or cell phone is a hand-held portable radiophone that uses the cellular or satellite network for voice or data communication. Unlike landline phones, which are fixed, mobile phones can be easily carried, and one can contact a person anywhere whether at home, on the bus, in street, or in a meeting. Apart from talking, it can be used for sending SMS, e-mail and for taking photos and videos.

High-end mobiles act as mini computers, offering services like internet, diary, music, iPod, calculator, alarm clock, etc. It is extremely useful in emergencies. But there is a tendency to abuse it. To many, it is an Addiction rather than a necessity. A cell phone ringing in an auditorium is most annoying. Using a mobile phone while driving a car or a motorbike and crossing a road or a railway track had led to many accidents.

Teleshopping is a great nuisance. Privacy is often violated, as most mobile users are unaware that they could be photographed or tracked. Terrorists use this gadget to trigger bombs and achieve their ends. Mobiles can also cause health hazards. The radiations from mobiles may cause injury to the brain. Cellphones on vibration mode put in front pocket may damage the heartbeat system. With all its advantages, what is, therefore, needed is moderation in the use of mobile phones.

Also Read: Essay on Television in English

Essay on Mobile Phones: 400 Words

When telephone was first introduced in the world in the 1950s, people were keenly interested in it. As an easier way of communication, telephone has its own merit. Of late, the introduction of mobiles makes an easy access to communication. It is in fact inevitable in the present day of hurry and business. People have warmly accepted mobiles as the blessing of science. There is little doubt that without the use of mobiles none is nowadays able to lead one’s life quite normally. One is capable of communicating with people, staying far away very quickly. Thus many a problem can be well- solved by way of using these mobiles.

But everything has its merit and demerit. As science is a bane as well as a boon, mobiles are to some extent to be cursed. People, especially the young generation, have been abusing mobiles. They not only chat in an unexpected way but also indulge themselves in leading immoral life by abusing mobiles. Apart from this, several mercenary companies exploit the advantage of mobiles to meet their selfish ends. They do business through mobiles. As a result, young people have been misguided. To use mobiles is for them to be up to date. They avail themselves of the opportunity of the internet connection in their mobiles and do whatever they like to do. Obscene video clippings and some other versions of immoral entertainment are now available in mobiles. Therefore, the students have now tremendous fascination for the mobiles. Consequently, instead of studying, concentrate on using mobiles for sheer fun.

Another demerit is that because of the excessive use of the mobiles different companies plunge themselves into doing profitable business. Consequently, numerous towers have been erected for the network of mobiles. It is well known that a particular wave which is responsible for the mobile network does harm to the ecological balance of the environment. It is evident in the pale colors of the trees and fruits adjacent to the mobile towers.

Thus, it is the time to be conscious of the abuse of the mobiles. The concerned authority should take immediate steps to stop immoral business which is proliferating in abusing mobiles. All should remember that the sole purpose of mobile is to communicate. Entertainment may be available in the network of mobiles. But there should be no immoral design. Above all, the government should restrict the use of mobiles, so much so that anti-social activities may not be done through mobiles.

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Apj abdul kalam essay in english | 100, 200, 300, 500 words, blood donation essay in english | 150, 200, 300 words, my mother essay in english 10 lines [5 sets], essay on mother teresa in english for students [300 words], 3 thoughts on “essay on mobile phone for students [100, 150, 250, 400 words]”.

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Essay on Mobile Phones

500 + words uses of mobile phones essay.

Mobile phones, chiefly used to make voice calls to people, are also popular as cell/cellular phones. The current technological developments have made our lives more comfortable. We are becoming more and more dependent on mobile phones for our communication. From calling to emailing or texting and even making purchases online, the uses of mobile phones are numerous. For this reason, mobile phones are also known as “smartphones” now.

Mobile Phones Essay

The fact that we should also avoid overdependence on mobile phones is also discussed in this essay on the mobile phone. This mobile phone essay in English discusses the advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones. Learn from this essay how to write a persuasive essay on mobile phones for students and help them ace essay writing.

Advantages of Mobile Phones Essay

This section of the mobile essay talks about the advantages of mobile phones. See here what this mobile phone paragraph has to say.

Stay connected: – Mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with your friends and family living away from you. Voice calls, video calls, emails, messages and texts- thus, the communication modes via cell phones are multitude.
Mode of entertainment: – As technology advances, you can now find the entire entertainment industry at your fingertips on your mobile. There are apps on mobiles to watch films, series/ shows, documentaries, news, read books, listen to music and much more.
Managing office work :- With working from home becoming more popular now due to the Covid-19 pandemic, mobile phones can also simplify our work. From creating and getting reminders about meeting schedules, online meetings, sending and receiving emails/ files, giving presentations, setting alarms and applying for jobs to setting up a calendar to do jobs, mobile phones are beneficial for working people. Instant messaging and official emails via mobile phones also flow forth to connect with office people.

Disadvantages of Mobile Phones Essay

There are also cons to using mobile phones. Find here the disadvantages of mobile phones.

Become overdependent on mobile phones :- It is seen that people tend to become overdependent on mobile phones, thus wasting their time. With technological advancement, the use of mobile phones has increased, making people addicted to them.
People become more non-communicable :- They use mobile phones more as a mode of communication or to entertain themselves, thus meeting people less or talking less. As time goes by, they become rather incommunicable.
Privacy loss:- Loss of privacy is another primary concern on the rise due to over usage of mobile phones. It is now possible to get personal details like where you live, details of your friends and family, job and education and so on via mobile phones.

Thus, see how there are pros and cons to using a mobile phone, from these advantages and disadvantages of mobile phones essay. Seeing as how mobile phones are now an integral part of our lives, it’s up to us to know how to use them properly to lead a hassle-free life without misusing them.

Also Read: Social Media Essay | Essay on Health is Wealth | Essay On Constitution of India

Frequently Asked Questions on Mobile Phones Essay

Who invented the mobile.

The mobile phone was invented in the year 1973 by Martin Cooper.

What is the role of mobile phones in our lives?

Mobile phones are a part of our lives now. Some of its main roles are storing data, instant communicative purposes, digital cameras, etc.

How can a mobile phone be of use to the student?

Students can use mobile phones for various study and research purposes. An abundant amount of information which is useful for students can be accessed through mobile phones.

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Mobile Phone Essay in English for Students

Essay on Mobile Phone for Students

What is an essay? An essay is a write-up from one’s perspective or jotting down one’s thoughts in one place regarding any topic. Writing an essay helps one to develop their writing skills and inculcate creativity in their writing. Likewise, all the parents should teach their kids how to write an essay.

For your convenience, we have provided a sample essay on ‘Mobile Phone’ in the following. Take a glance through the article so that it becomes easy for you to teach how to write an essay effortlessly.

Mobile Phone

In the era of technical advancement, mobile phones play a very significant role. Technology has made our life quite easier. Life without a mobile phone seems to be quite impossible these days. Precisely, we become handicapped without a phone in hand.

Speaking of mobile phones, it is also referred to as ‘cellular phone’ or ‘smartphone’. Martin Cooper of Motorola produced the first handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973.

Earlier it was only used for calling. But these days, everything is possible through a mobile phone. From sending a message to video calling, internet browsing, photography to video games, emailing and a lot more services can be availed through this handheld phone.

Advantages of Using Mobile Phones

There are several advantages to using a mobile phone. Here are some provided in the following.

Helps to Communicate:

Life is easier with mobiles. It helps you to communicate with your near and dear ones through calls, video chats, text messages, emails. Apart from that, it helps you to book a cab, show the map direction, order groceries and many more things. The main advantage of having a mobile is it helps to keep you connected with the entire world irrespective of your location.

A Medium of Entertainment:

With the advent of mobile, now you will be able to get entertained wherever you are. Now the world of entertainment is available just a click away, such as you can watch movies, listen to music, or watch your favorite sports or browse on social media networks etc.

Mobile Banking:

Can you imagine doing all of your banking transactions and other relevant work through your cell phone? Yes, now everything is possible with the advancement of technology. Be it making a quick payment or transferring money to your family or checking the transaction history or accessing the bank accounts, everything is possible with just a tap of your button. So, it is quite efficient and saves a lot of your precious time.

Office Work Through Mobile:

These days mobiles are used for different types of official work such as scheduling meetings, giving presentations, sending and receiving important documents, applying for jobs, etc. Mobiles have become an essential device in every working person’s life.

Disadvantages of Using Mobile Phones

Creating distance:

While mobile phones claim to connect people and help to communicate with each other, the irony here is that it is creating more distance between people. Nowadays people are more hooked on their phones. So, they mostly spend their time browsing social media or texting each other rather than meeting and talking face to face.

No Privacy:

These days one of the major concerns is losing one’s privacy through mobile usage. Now anyone could easily access all the important information related to you with just one tap. Not only your information, information about your family, friends, personal life, career, everything is pretty easily accessible.

Waste of a Lot of Time and Money:

Time and money both are precious in everyone’s life. As the utilization of mobile phones is increasing day by day, the waste of time and money is also increasing gradually. People are becoming addicted to their phones, be it surfing the internet or playing games or checking social media. Besides, the smarter a phone becomes, the more money people spend to buy that phone instead of spending the money on something useful.

FAQs on Mobile Phone Essay in English for Students

1. What is essay writing?

An essay is a piece of writing that expresses the author's point of view; yet, the definition is ambiguous, merging with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short fiction. Formal and casual essays have typically been divided into two categories. The formal essay has a serious objective, dignity, logical organization, and length, whereas the informal essay has a personal element, humor, graceful language, rambling structure, unconventionality or freshness of theme," and so on.

Literary critique, political manifestos, academic arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author are all popular uses for essays. Although almost all modern essays are written in prose, compositions in verse have often been labeled as essays. While an essay is typically defined by its brevity, works such as John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are exceptions. To garner more information, click here.

2. Give a brief overview of mobile phones and their history.

Mobile phones are quite important in this age of technological growth. Our lives have been made much easier by technological advancements. These days, life appears to be impossible without a cell phone. Without a phone in our hands, we become disabled.

When it comes to mobile phones, they're also known as 'cellular phones' or smartphones.' On April 3, 1973, Motorola's Martin Cooper made the first handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC device.

It was formerly only used for calling. However, nowadays, everything is possible via a mobile phone. This handheld phone can do anything from sending a message to video calling, internet browsing, photography, video games, and emailing, among other things.

3. What are some advantages of using mobile phones?

Using a mobile phone has several benefits. The following are a few suggestions.

Aids in Communication:

Mobile phones make life easier. It allows you to contact your loved ones via phone conversations, video chats, text messages, and emails. Apart from that, it assists you in booking a cab, displaying map directions, ordering groceries, and a variety of other tasks. The biggest benefit of owning a mobile phone is that it allows you to stay connected to the rest of the world regardless of where you are.

An Entertainment Medium:

With the introduction of mobile phones, you may now be amused wherever you are. The world of entertainment is now just a click away, with options such as watching movies, listening to music, watching your favorite sports or browsing social media networks.

4. State some of the drawbacks of using mobile phones.

Some of the drawbacks of using mobile phones are:

Creating a buffer:

While mobile phones claim to connect people and make it easier for them to interact, the irony is that they create more distance between them. People nowadays are more reliant on their phones. As a result, they choose to spend their time on social media or texting instead of meeting and talking face to face.

There is no privacy:

One of the major issues these days is losing one's privacy due to cell phone usage. With just one swipe, anyone may now readily access all of your vital information. Not only is your information easily accessible, but so is information about your family, friends, personal life, and work.

A waste of time and money:

In everyone's life, time and money are both quite valuable. As the number of people using mobile phones grows, so does the amount of time and money spent on them.

5. How is an essay writing useful to students?

Writing essays help students develop important abilities and functions in their education, making them more useful. One, writing essays allows students to practice and improve abilities that they can apply throughout their academic careers and into their careers. For example, one can improve their reading and writing skills, as well as their capacity to think, organize thoughts, and communicate effectively.

Two, it enables pupils to develop a formal and orderly writing style that reliably conveys information. Three, it aids in the organization of your thoughts on what you are learning, the development of vocabulary, and the development of a distinct writing style. Get free study materials through the Vedantu app and website.

The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better Essay

Introduction.

It is undeniable that today’s world revolves around technology due to its growth over the past decades. Mobile phones as a part of technology have become increasingly common in modern society. Today, it is impossible to imagine an adolescent or an adult without a cell phone. Students have started to use mobile phones in classrooms, which has raised many concerns among teachers, schools’ authorities, and parents. While there are several disadvantages of the utilization of technology during classes, the advantages of it prevail.

The benefits of technology for students are evident. First, mobile phones can substitute textbooks and notebooks, which may have a positive impact on individuals’ health as they do not have to carry heavy bags to schools. Students can download learning materials in electronic form and use them during classes. Moreover, they can find the information faster and save time to perform other important tasks. Second, with the help of mobile phones, students can have access to their textbooks, lectures, and notes anywhere and at any time. They can read on the bus on their way to school, which may increase the time they dedicate to the analysis of the learning materials and help them to reflect on the topics of discussions.

Furthermore, students can use mobile phones as dictionaries in language classes. It may save their time and ensure that the long learning process does not discourage them. Also, they can download applications that are designed to assist in acquiring new language skills.

It is necessary to mention that students can use mobile phones as organizational or planning tools. They can plan their time based on the deadlines, arrange their activities and track their grades and performance in class. While many students use notebooks for such purposes, the utilization of mobile phones allows for having all the information in one place and ensuring that no important data is lost. Moreover, teachers can be involved in the organizational process too by sharing the necessary information about due dates and requirements via applications. It may improve teacher-student relationships and increase individuals’ performance in class.

There are several drawbacks associated with the use of mobile phones in the classroom. The primary one is that they can distract students from learning, as they may prefer to play games or use social networks. Moreover, individuals can become aggressive if the teachers or school authorities try to forbid the use of technology in class. To eliminate the possible negative outcomes, it is necessary for students to learn how to avoid distraction while working with mobile phones.

For example, they can delete unnecessary applications or restrict their use during classes. Apart from that, students can improve their performance by studying the factors that can cause distraction and avoiding them. Teachers and schools’ authorities should also consider investigating the benefits of the technology to prevent the establishment of unnecessary policies related to its use in the classroom.

The use of mobile phones in the classroom can improve student’s performance and help them to have better learning outcomes. It can save their time, prevent them from carrying heavy bags with textbooks and notebooks and increase the accessibility of course materials. The possible drawbacks of the use of technology in class are individuals’ distraction and aggression. However, students can eliminate the disadvantages of the utilization of mobile phones by avoiding the factors that can cause negative learning outcomes.

Chicago (A-D)
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IvyPanda. (2023, October 29). The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/

"The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." IvyPanda , 29 Oct. 2023, ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

IvyPanda . (2023) 'The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better'. 29 October.

IvyPanda . 2023. "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." October 29, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

1. IvyPanda . "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." October 29, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "The Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom Can Help Students Learn Better." October 29, 2023. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-use-of-mobile-phones-in-the-classroom-can-help-students-learn-better/.

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Teens and Mobile Phones
Introduction: Why study mobile phones?

Acknowledgements
Chapter One: The basics of how teens acquire and use mobile phones
Chapter Two: How phones are used with friends – What they can do and how teens use them
Chapter Three: Attitudes towards cell phones
Chapter Four: How parents and schools regulate teens’ mobile phones

Introduction and background

Wireless communication has emerged as one of the fastest diffusing mediums on the planet, fueling an emergent “mobile youth culture”[6.numoffset=”6” Castells, M., Fernandez-Ardevol, M., Qiu, J., & Sey, A. (2007). Mobile communication and society: A global perspective . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.] that speaks as much with thumbs as it does with tongues. At one of our focus groups a teen boy gushed, “I have unlimited texts . . . which is like the greatest invention of mankind.” His enthusiasm was hardly unique. Cell phone use and, in particular, the rise of texting has become a central part of teens’ lives. They are using their phones to stay in touch with friends and parents. They are using them to share stories and photos. They are using them to entertain themselves when they are bored. They are using them to micro-coordinate their schedules and face-to-face gatherings. And some are using their phones to go online to browse, to participate in social networks, and check their emails. This is the sunny side of the story. Teens are also using mobile phones to cheat on tests and to skirt rules at school and with their parents. Some are using their phones to send sexts, others are sleeping with buzzing phones under their pillows, and some are using their phones to place calls and text while driving.

While a small number of children get a cell phone in elementary school, the real tipping point for ownership is in middle school. About six in ten (66%) of all children in our sample had a cell phone before they turned 14. Slightly less than 75% of all high school students had a cell phone.

This report particularly highlights the rapid rise of text messaging in recent months. Some 72% of all US teens are now text message users, 1 up from 51% in 2006. Among them, the typical texter sends and receives 50 texts a day, or 1500 per month. By way of comparison a Korean, Danish or a Norwegian teen might send 15 – 20 a day and receives as many. Changes in subscription packages have encouraged widespread texting among US teens and has made them into world class texters. As a result, teens in America have integrated texting into their everyday routines. It is a way to keep in touch with peers even while they are engaged in other social activities. Often this is done discreetly and with little fuss. In other cases, it interrupts in-person encounters or can cause dangerous situations.

To understand the role that cell phones play in teens’ lives, the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project and Michigan’s Department of Communication Studies conducted a survey and focus groups in the latter part of 2009. The phone survey was conducted on landline and cell phones and included 800 youth ages 12-17 and one of their parents. It was administered from June 26-September 24, 2009. The overall survey has a margin of error of 4 percentage points; the portion dealing with teen cell owners involved 625 teens in the sample and has a margin of error of 4 percentage points; the portion dealing with teen texters involved 552 teens in the sample and has a margin of error of 5 percentage points.

A brief history of the mobile phone as a technology

The idea for cellular telephony originated in the US. The first cellular call and the first call from a hand held cellular device also were placed in the US.

The cell phone merges the landline telephony system with wireless communication. The landline telephone was first patented in 1876. Mobile radio systems have been used since the early 1900’s in the form of ship to shore radio, and were installed in some police cars in Detroit starting in 1921. The blending of landline telephone and radio communication came after the Second World War. The first commercially available “mobile radiophone service” that allowed calls from fixed to mobile telephones was offered in St. Louis in 1946. By 1964 there were 1.5 million mobile phone users in the US. 2 This was a non-cellular system that made relatively inefficient use of the radio bandwidth. In addition, the telephones were large, energy intensive car-mounted devices. According to communications scholar Thomas Farley, the headlights of a car would noticeably dim when the user was transmitting a call. 3

In the drive to produce a more efficient mobile telephone system, researchers W. Rae Young and Douglas Ring of Bell Labs developed the idea of cellular telephony, in which geographical areas are divided into a mesh of cells, each with its own cell tower. 4 This allowed a far more efficient use of the radio spectrum and the “cell” phones needed less power to send and receive a signal. The first installation was in 1969 on the Amtrak Metroliner that traveled between New York City and Washington. Four years later Martin Cooper of Motorola made the first cellular call from a prototype handheld cell phone.

Regulation around mobile phones

After the inauguration of mobile phone service in the US, a regulatory environment that allowed multiple mobile-calling standards stifled mobile communication development and expansion in the US for several years. Indeed, the growth of the GSM standard in Europe and the rise of DoCoMo in Japan meant that the dramatic developments in the cell phone industry were taking place abroad. In the US, small license areas for mobile phone companies meant that users were constantly roaming outside their core area. A user in Denver would have to pay roaming charges if he or she made or received a call in Ft. Collins, Colorado Springs or Vail. To the degree that texting was available, users could only text to users in their home network.

In the late 1980’s industry consolidation eliminated the small local areas and by the turn of the millennium, interoperability between operators became standard, and the cost of calling plans and the price of handsets fell. Rather than being a yuppie accessory, the cell phone became widely-used by everyone from the captains of industry and finance to the people who shined their shoes and walked their dogs.

As cell phones have become more available, they are increasingly owned and used by children and teens. Further, as handsets become more loaded with capabilities ranging from video recording and sharing, to music playing and internet access, teens and young adults have an ever-increasing repertoire of use. Indeed, we are moving into an era when mobile devices are not just for talking and texting, but can also access the internet and all it has to offer. This connectivity with others and with content has directed the regulator’s lens onto mobile safety practices. It has also prompted the beginning of a cultural conversation about how to ensure that parents have the tools to regulate their child’s mobile use, should they choose to. Understanding how youth use mobile phones is vital to creating effective policy based on the reality of how the technology is used. It is also important to understand how telecommunications company policies and pricing affect how teens and parents use their phones.

Previous research on cell phones and teens

This report tries to expand a tradition of cell phone research that extends into the early 1990s, 5 and work on landline telephony as far back as the 1970s. 6 The first studies to examine the social consequences of the mobile phone came in the early 1990s when researchers examined its impact on residential markets. 7 One of the earliest papers on cell phones examined it through the lens of gender; in 1993, Lana Rakow and Vija Navarro wrote about the cell phone and what they called “remote mothering.” 8 Starting in the mid 1990s in Europe there was the beginning of more extended scholarship on cellular communication, 9 and by 2000 work was being done in the US that evolved from a small number of articles to edited books and eventually to both popular and more scholarly books on mobile communication. 10

Several themes have been central in these analyses. One is the use of cell phones in the “micro-coordination” of daily interaction. 11 As the name implies, this line of research examines how the cell phone allows for a more nuanced form of coordination. Instead of having to agree on a time and place beforehand, individuals can negotiate the location and the timing of meetings as a situation clarifies itself. Micro-coordination can be used to organize get-togethers and it can be used to sort out the logistics of daily life (e.g. sending reminders to one another or exchanging information on the fly). Extending this concept further, the cell phone can be used to coordinate so called “flash mobs” as well as different kinds of protests. 12

While micro-coordination describes an instrumental type of interaction, another line of research has examined how the cell phone can be used for expressive interaction. Since the device provides us direct access to one another, it allows us to maintain ongoing interaction with family and friends. 13 This, in turn provides the basis for the enhancement of social cohesion. 14 In this vein, some researchers have examined how the cell phone affects our sense of safety and security. 15 The cell phone can be used to summon help when accidents have happened and they can be seen as a type of insurance in case something bad occurs. Others have examined how teens, as well as others, see the mobile phone as a form of self-expression. Having a cell phone is a status symbol and having a particularly sought after model can enhance our standing among peers. 16

Finally, focusing directly on teens, there has been considerable research on the role of the cell phone as part of the emancipation process. 17 Up to this point, however, there has been little quantitative analysis of teens in the US on this topic. 18 Indeed this is one of the main questions considered in this report. Before the cell phone, there were often discussions in the home as to whether a teen could have a landline extension in her room. Teens’ push to have their own landline phone underscored their drive to control contact with their peers. The rise of the cell phone has changed the dimensions of this discussion. The cell phone has provided teens with their own communication channel. This access can be used to plan and to organize daily life and it can be used to exchange jokes and endearments. It can also be used to plan mischief of varying caliber, and it can be used to exchange photos that are – literally – the picture of innocence or of depravity.

The organization of the report

This report is the fruit of a collaboration between the University of Michigan and the Pew Research Center’s Internet & American Life Project in an attempt to broadly capture the current state of mobile phone ownership and use among American youth and their families today. From June through September 2009, the Pew Internet Project fielded a random digit-dial telephone survey among a nationally representative sample of 800 teens ages 12-17 and one of their parents or a guardian (the teen and their parent/guardian were interviewed independently). In addition to the telephone survey, the University of Michigan fielded 9 focus groups among teens ages 12-18 in four cities in June and October of 2009. The focus groups queried teens more deeply about attitudes toward and practices around their mobile phone.

The study has been guided by a desire to measure the state of affairs around mobile phones and youth in the US – how many, how much, how often, with whom? – and to better understand how mobile phones fit into and enhance (or detract from) friendships and family relationships.

The report is organized into five chapters. The first chapter covers many of the basic measurements around mobile phones, the demographic variations around their use, and different models of phone ownership. This chapter also explores the economics of teens’ phone use, including payments, and calling and texting plan structures.

The second chapter of the report looks in depth at text messaging and voice calling, and compares the two modes of communication. It then places both of those activities in the broader context of teens’ overall communications practices as well as in the context of all the activities that teens can and do engage in on their mobile phone handsets, such as listening to music, sending email, looking up websites online and taking and sharing photos and videos.

The third chapter examines parents’ and teens’ attitudes towards their cell phones, and the ways the devices enhance and disrupt their lives. It details how families and teens feel about safety and the phone, and the ways in which the phone has become a social and entertainment hub. This chapter also explores how the phone has become an electronic tether between parents and children, and teens and friends, one so potent that teens frequently sleep with their phone under their pillows.

Chapter four examines the ways in which parents and schools regulate and monitor teens’ mobile phone use and how those actions may relate to teen cell phone-related behaviors.

The fifth chapter looks at teens, cell phones and “adverse behaviors.” It recaps some of our previous research on sexting and distracted driving, and presents new research on harassment through the mobile phone, as well as teens’ experiences with spam and the sending of regrettable text messages.

The last section of the report details the full set of methods that we used to conduct the research that undergirds this report.

Castells, M., Fernandez-Ardevol, M., Qiu, J., & Sey, A. (2007). Mobile communication and society: A global perspective . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ↩
This 72% of teens who text figure is slightly different than previous teens who text numbers that we have released. The difference lies in the question wording. For this question, we asked about teens texting friends, but we did not specify the platform (computer, cell phone) on which the texting was taking place. Our other teen texting number (66%) reflects teens who text on their own cell phone, and does not constrain who the teen may be texting with. Please see K9c and K20a in our questionnaire for exact question wording. ↩
Goggin, G. 2006. Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. London: Routledge. ↩
Farley, T. 2005. “Mobile telephone history.” Telektronikk 3/4:22 – 34. ↩
Lindmark, S. 2002. “Evolution of techno-economic systems: An investigation of the history of mobile communications.” Doctoral Dissertation Thesis, Department of industrial management and economics, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenberg, Sweden. ↩
Thanks to Fred Stutzman for his excellent literature review of this area. ↩
de Sola Pool, I. (Ed.). (1971). The social impact of the telephone. Cambridge: MIT press. Fischer, C. S. (1992). America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ↩
Jarrat, J and Coates, J.F. (1990). ‘Future Use of Cellular Technology: Some Social Implications’, Telecommunications Policy, February 1990, pp 78–84. Lange, K. (1993). Some concerns about the future of mobile communications in residential markets. In M Christofferson (Ed.), Telecommunication: Limits to deregulation (pp. 197 – 210). Amsterdam: IOS Press. ↩
Rakow, L.F., & Navarro, V. (1993). Remote mothering and the parallel shift: Women meet the cellular telephone. Critical studies in mass communication , 10, 144-157. ↩
Haddon, L. (1996, 11.4.96). Mobile telephony issues: discussion paper for COST 248, Mobile sub-group. Paper presented at the COST 248 meeting, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK. Haddon, L. (1997). “Communications on the move: The Experience of Mobile Telephony in the 1990s.” Farsta:Telia. Ling, Rich. (1997). “One can talk about common manners!”: the use of mobile telephones in inappropriate situations. In Leslie Haddon (Ed.), Themes in mobile telephony: Final Report of the COST 248 Home and Work group . Stockholm: Telia. Ling, Rich, Julsrud, Tom and Krogh, Erling. (1998). The Goretex Principle: The Hytte and Mobile Telephones in Norway. In L. Haddon (Ed.), Communications on the Move: The Experience of Mobile Telephony in the 1990s ( COST248 Report). Farsta: Telia. ↩
Grinter, R. E. and Eldridge, M. A. (2001). y do tngrs luv 2 txt msg?. In ECSCW’01: Proceedings of the seventh conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work , Norwell, MA, USA, 2001 (pp. 219-238). Kluwer Academic Publishers. Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (Eds.), 2002. Perpetual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ↩
Ling, R. and Yttri, B. (2002). Micro and hyper-coordination through the use of the mobile telephone. In Katz, J. and Aakhus, M. (Eds.), Perpetual contact: Mobile communication, private talk, public performance . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ↩
Rheingold, Howard. (2002) Smart Mobs: The Next Social Revolution . Perseus Publishing, Cambridge, MA. ↩
Licoppe, Christian. (2004). ‘Connected presence: the emergence of a new repertoire for managing social relationships in a changing communications technoscape.’ Environment and planning: Society and space, 22, 135 – 156. Christensen, T. H. (2009). ‘Connected presence’ in distributed family life. New Media & Society, 11(3), 433–451. ↩
Miyata, Kakuko, Boase, Jeffrey and Wellman, Barry. (2008). The Social Effects of Keitai and Personal Computer E-Mail in Japan. In Katz, J.E., Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Ling, Rich. (2008). New Tech, New Ties: How mobile communication is reshaping social cohesion. Cambridge: MIT Press. ↩
Ling, R. (2007). Children, youth, and mobile communication. Journal of Children and Media, 1(1), 60–67. Palfrey, J. and et. al. (December 31, 2008). Enhancing Child Safety and Online Technologies. Internet Safety Task Force. Retrieved January 10, 2009 from http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/pubrelease/isttf/ . Harris Interactive. (2008) A Generation Unplugged – Research Report. Harris Interactive. Accessed from http://files.ctia.org/pdf/HI_TeenMobileStudy_ResearchReport.pdf on January 10, 2009. Cox Communications (2009) Cox Communications Teen Online & Wireless Safety Survey, in Partnership with the National Center for Missing & Exploited Children® (NCMEC) and John Walsh. ↩
Fortunati, L. (2005). Mobile telephone and the presentation of self. In R. Ling & P. Pedersen (Eds.), Mobile Communications: Re-negotiation of the Social Sphere (pp. 203 – 218). London: Springer. Ito, M., Okabe, D., and Matsuda, M. 2005. Personal, portable, pedestrian: Mobile phones in Japanese life . Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. Portus, Lourdes, 2008 How the Urban Poor Acquire and Give Meaning to the Mobile Phone in Katz, J.E. Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Katz, James E., Lever, Katie M., and Chen, Yi-Fan. 2008. Mobile Music as Environmental Control and Prosocial Entertainment. in Katz, J.E. Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies . Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Harris Interactive. (2008) A Generation Unplugged – Research Report. Harris Interactive. Accessed from http://files.ctia.org/pdf/HI_TeenMobileStudy_ResearchReport.pdf on January 10, 2009. ↩
Ling, R. (2007). Children, youth, and mobile communication. Journal of Children and Media, 1(1), 60–67. ↩
On the Move: The Role of Cellular Communications in American Life. (2006). University of Michigan: Ann Arbor, MI. Accessed from http://itudcmc.files.wordpress.com/2010/03/onthemove1.pdf on March 24, 2010 ↩

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Smartphone Essay

500 words essay on smartphone.

Smartphones have become a very important form of communication these days. It is impossible for a rational person to deny the advantages of smartphones as they are devices suitable for a wide variety of tasks. Let us try to understand smartphones along with their benefits with this smartphone essay.

Smartphone Essay

Understanding the Smartphone

A smartphone is a mobile device that facilitates the combination of cellular and mobile computing functions into one single unit. Moreover, smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems in comparison to feature phones.

The strong operating systems of smartphones make possible multimedia functionality, wider software, and the internet including web browsing. They also support core phone functions like text messaging and voice calls.

There are a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips within a smartphone. Moreover, such chips include various sensors whose leveraging is possible by their software.

The marketing of early smartphones was primarily towards the enterprise market. Furthermore, the attempt of the smartphone manufacturers was to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices along with support for cellular telephony. However, the early smartphones had problems of slow analogue cellular network, short battery life, and bulky size.

With the passage of time, experts were able to resolve these issues. Furthermore, this became possible with faster digital mobile data networks, miniaturization of MOS transistors down to sub-micron levels, and exponential scaling. Moreover, the development of more mature software platforms led to enhancement in the capability of smartphones.

Benefits of Smartphone

People can make use of smartphones to access the internet and find out information regarding almost anything. Furthermore, due to the portability of a smartphone, people can access the internet from any location, even while travelling.

Smartphones have greatly increased the rate of work. This is possible because smartphones facilitate a highly efficient and quick form of communication from anywhere. For example, a person can participate in an official business meeting, without wasting time, from the comfort of his home via a live video chat application of a smartphone.

Smartphones can also be of tremendous benefit to students in general. Furthermore, students can quickly resolve any issue related to studies by accessing the internet , using a calculator, reading a pdf file, or contacting a teacher. Most noteworthy, all of this is possible due to the smartphone.

People can get in touch with the larger global community by communicating and sharing their views via social media. Furthermore, this provides a suitable platform to express their views, conduct business with online transactions , or find new people or jobs. One can do all that from anywhere, thanks to the smartphone.

These were just a few benefits of smartphones. Overall, the total benefits of a smartphone are just too many to enumerate here. Most importantly, smartphones have made our lives more efficient as well as comfortable.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Smartphone Essay

Smartphones have proven to be a revolution for human society. Furthermore, they have made the whole world united like never before. In spite of its demerits, there is no doubt that the smartphone is a tremendous blessing to mankind and it will continue to play a major role in its development.

FAQs For Smartphone Essay

Question 1: How is a smartphone different from a feature phone?

Answer 1: Smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems when compared to feature phones. Furthermore, the smartphone can perform almost all computing functions that a feature phone can’t. The internet and camera capabilities of a feature phone are nowhere near as powerful as that of a smartphone.

Question 2: What is meant by a smartphone?

Answer 2: A smartphone refers to a handheld electronic device that facilitates a connection to a cellular network. Furthermore, smartphones let people access the internet, make phone calls, send text messages, along with a wide variety of functions that one can perform on a pc or a laptop. Overall, it is a fully functioning miniaturized computer.

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Cell Phones in School: An Argumentative Perspective

Table of contents, benefits of cell phones in school, drawbacks of cell phones in school, balancing benefits and drawbacks.

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Mobile Phone Essays

Are mobiles dangerous? Are they necessary?

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Mobile Phones and Children

by Rony (Egypt )

The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Last years have witnessed an increase in the number of threats and problems that unusually endangered children. In spite of being convinced that mobile phone might serve securing the child, I don't think it is an absolute importance. To start with the troublesome situations that might face the child to see how mobile phone could help him. First of all, threats that might endanger the child; kidnapping trials: the child could talk to his parents, or call for the police using his own portable phone, or falling in an emergency situation, like diabetic coma or asthmatic attacks Or getting wounded in the street he could also call his parents or ambulance. Second, complexities, that might be encountered these days, are for instance; getting lost while going school or home alone in this case making a call to his parents seeking help is very beneficial. Some new mobiles has many beneficial applications like maps, how to make fast foods in the absence of working parents, these apps would give a hand to children. To sum up, while complicated and threatening situations facing the child these days are rising, and mobile phones helpful applications and uses are increasing, I don't think that it is a must to give every child a mobile phone. As, this also, has its drawbacks on children, and not every family is leaving her child to face these problems alone. *** Is this a good essay? You can comment below on this Mobile Phone Essay.

can someone please proof read my answer to: The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? The ever changing society we live in these days is unfortunately acclaimed with increasing rates of crime making it a very unsafe place to live in for everyone. children safety is compromised where disturbing offences such as abduction and any kinds of abuse are more prevalent thee days. Due to this reason, the use of mobile phones particularly by children, have been considered as a must to address this issue. Parents or guardians nowadays have supplied their own children with mobile phones as a means of a safety reassuring device. Both parties benefit more from the technical use of a mobile phone especially in conditions we live, where dangers can arise at any point in time. Should safety be compromised from children, they can easily contact their parents or other members within the family, and other appropriate persons, such as the police, who is also concerned of their well being. This easy communication access, allows for relatives or the receiver on the line to act for safety in a timely manner. Furthermore, parents have the ease of mind to their children's whereabouts. The high technology of mobile phones allow them to easily contact or be informed with updates about their children's day. On the other hand, I believe such device is not a necessity for children in surviving this world evolved with crimes and complexities. Firstly, education can be provided to the young ones in regards to safety practices. This refers to knowing who can be trusted and not associating to strangers, never be physically in isolation and must be in large groups, and last but not least, informing them of where and who to go for safety, such as teachers, councillors or the police. These are very simple and cost effective, yet very effective ways in minimising and preventing dangers that can happen to children. Secondly, it is understandably important for parents to be aware of their children's day, however, constant communication which is considered as vital, can also interfere with these children's development of independence. Lastly, the use of mobile phones open endless opportunities of social and online gaming use, which can impact their interpersonal skills with other people and predispose them to violence. Evidently children are potentially imposed to dangers with their use of mobile phones. To conclude, although the device provide security for children while living in a troublesome and complicated world, I strongly believe it is unnecessary and inappropriate for children to own a mobile phone. Education and proper guidance should be provided for these children in order to live safely in this kind of environment we live in. GREATLY APPRECIATED IF YOU GUYS COMMENT ON IT ... :)

Cell Phones in the Classroom

by Deepak (Kathmandu)

It is argued that mobile phones and other electronic devices have no place in the classroom. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this view? In the last decade, cell phones have become very famous and easily available throughout the world. Most of the students from across the globe have access to smartphones and they have been using these gadgets not only for study purposes but also for personal uses. However, I believe, the mobile phones should not be used inside the classroom because it distracts the pupils and also affect the effective interaction. One of the main reasons for not allowing mobile phones during the studying in classes is it hampers the student’s concentration. As a result, the student doesn’t understand the subject matter and gets poor grades in his mark sheet. For example, during my final year of undergraduate studies, there was a good student named Hari who failed in his favourite subject because of mobile chatting during the lecture times. So, to make a student distract less from mobile phones, these kinds of electronic devices should be kept out of the classroom. Another reason is a disturbance in proper discussion between teacher and students. Although the student can browse various sites using mobile data or Wi-Fi to get the information about subject matters in the classroom but he might lack to the point knowledge from his experienced teachers. In addition, he might waste too much time visiting the non-authentic sites. For instance, there are many personal blogs and websites where the student cannot get the relevant understanding of the subject matters. All in all, despite having a few advantages of using the mobile devices inside the classrooms, the students must not be allowed to use their cell phones to have the long-term good results for their studies and careers. Furthermore, this maintains good learning and teaching environment for both the students and teachers. *** Please help this students in their with their writing by feeding back on this IELTS Essay about Cell Phones in the Classroom.

Necessity of Mobile Phones Essay

by syed (Malaysia)

The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? I agree that cellphones rather than an expensive commodity, is a must have for today's children as its function is not only for communication, but it also allows access to the worldwide web. Education has become more centralised and available for everyone online. In order to access information easily and rapidly, owning a cellphone is necessary. In the advent of technology, internet access is critical for knowledge, especially in the midst of current covid pandemic where tutorials are made online. Children no longer go to school, rather teachers expect every student to have at least a cellphone in order to access online classes. Increasing crime rate in the society and bullying in school have made children vulnerable to these perpetrators. Parents are not always there to supervise their kids, hence, cellphones allows children to contact family members when in danger without delay. Without cellphones, help might not be able to be attained immediately. However, unregulated access to the internet with the lack of supervision can lead to children browsing inappropriate content. Many studies have found that increase in time spent on screen has many negative impacts.Children lack fundamental communication skills. Dyslexia is also another common theme.Usage of mobile phone in the dark can lead to sleep disturbances, which can hamper children's concentrating ability in school. Owning a cellphone has become a necessity in the 21st century as it has many benefits. However,lack pf supervision can have a detrimental effect towards these children.

IELTS Essay - Necessity of Mobile Phones for Children

by Lalarukh

The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. To what extent do you agree or disagree? These days, there is an ongoing debate between people about how mobile phone have become a need for children due to the intense situation of the new era. While some people still argue that mobile phone have become an absolute need of a child, in my view, the disadvantages of mobile phone outweigh the advantages. In this essay i will explain my point of view by analysing both sides. These are several reason that i believe have cause more harm to children of keeping mobile phone then giving them benefit. Firstly, children spend much more time on cellphones rather than participating in other activities. It takes away precious time of sports and other recreational activities. Also, it affects the eye sight of the children. Many studies have shown that children who spend much more time on mobile phone have weak eye sight and thus end up wearing sight glasses at a very young age. Moreover, the more children spend time on mobile phone, the less exposure they have of the outer world. This reduces self confidence in children while dealing with people and socialising on a larger extent. From my personal experience, i would quote about my niece, who at a very young age have been given mobile phone. She spends majority of her time on games due to which she interacts less with the people around. Lastly, the use of mobile phone have damaged the mind of many children. The unnecessary or wrong use have made children exposed to certain objectionable things at a very young age. For example, there exist many application that are not for children under 18 years, but with mobile phone, children do have easy access to it. Now those who argue that due to the danger in the modern world have resulted the use of mobile phones claims that for the purpose of security it have become basic necessity. With fast moving education system, children have academies, schools and universities to go so with the help of mobile phone there remains a constant communication between the parent and a child. While, there is strong opinion on both sides of the case in my opinion, children still must be given mobile phone until a certain age. I would recommend that for the purpose of security due to the danger presiding in the outside world, the use of mobile phone can be allowed only in the hours of school, college etc or during travelling. Also, a strict check must be kept by the parents on usage of mobile phone .

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Restricted Use of Mobile Phones Essay

by Aditya (Uttar Pradesh)

Some schools have restricted the use of mobile phones. Is this a positive or negative development? Students of most schools carry cell phones with them. While these devices play a vital role in safety, connectedness and convenience, a number of schools have prohibited their use on campus. In my opinion, this is a positive decision and can benefit students not academically but also physically and socially as well. Restricting phone use in the classroom itself can improve learning. Uninterrupted studies can result in exceptional results as the primary focus remains on the subject. A continuously ringing or beeping device, for instance, can distract both teacher and student as well as other learners too and also amplifies the urge of the individual to check their phone every now and then for texts, calls and other notifications. Even the most observant teacher cannot ignore them from sneakily checking their messages or scrolling through irrelevant content mid-class. This eventually leads to imperfect knowledge which can adversely affect an individual's academic progress since half knowledge possess no value. Banning cell phones can prevent happening of these events and can bolster the academic performance of learners. In addition to banning phones in the classroom, constraining them outside the classroom as well can result in students wellbeing. Indeed, if cellular phone are banned at recess, children will be left with no other option than to interact with other students and indulge in numerous physical activities. Kids can play games, sports, or just sit and chat with their friends which is far better than sitting alone hunched over a screen. Without limitation enforced by schools, children simply cannot draw the line on their phone use. These social and physical gains are only possible with stern phone rules. In conclusion, despite cell-phones are a fundamental part of our modern lives, I strongly deem that their use in schools should be controlled. With firm boundaries and bans in some conditions, students are able to learn better, build up friendships and engage in healthier pursuits.

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David Wallace-Wells

Are smartphones driving our teens to depression.

By David Wallace-Wells

Opinion Writer

Here is a story. In 2007, Apple released the iPhone, initiating the smartphone revolution that would quickly transform the world. In 2010, it added a front-facing camera, helping shift the social-media landscape toward images, especially selfies. Partly as a result, in the five years that followed, the nature of childhood and especially adolescence was fundamentally changed — a “great rewiring,” in the words of the social psychologist Jonathan Haidt — such that between 2010 and 2015 mental health and well-being plummeted and suffering and despair exploded, particularly among teenage girls.

For young women, rates of hospitalization for nonfatal self-harm in the United States, which had bottomed out in 2009, started to rise again, according to data reported to the C.D.C., taking a leap beginning in 2012 and another beginning in 2016, and producing , over about a decade, an alarming 48 percent increase in such emergency room visits among American girls ages 15 to 19 and a shocking 188 percent increase among girls ages 10 to14.

Here is another story. In 2011, as part of the rollout of the Affordable Care Act, the Department of Health and Human Services issued a new set of guidelines that recommended that teenage girls should be screened annually for depression by their primary care physicians and that same year required that insurance providers cover such screenings in full. In 2015, H.H.S. finally mandated a coding change, proposed by the World Health Organization almost two decades before, that required hospitals to record whether an injury was self-inflicted or accidental — and which seemingly overnight nearly doubled rates for self-harm across all demographic groups. Soon thereafter, the coding of suicidal ideation was also updated. The effect of these bureaucratic changes on hospitalization data presumably varied from place to place. But in one place where it has been studied systematically, New Jersey, where 90 percent of children had health coverage even before the A.C.A., researchers have found that the changes explain nearly all of the state’s apparent upward trend in suicide-related hospital visits, turning what were “essentially flat” trendlines into something that looked like a youth mental health “crisis.”

Could both of these stories be partially true? Of course: Emotional distress among teenagers may be genuinely growing while simultaneous bureaucratic and cultural changes — more focus on mental health, destigmatization, growing comfort with therapy and medication — exaggerate the underlying trends. (This is what Adriana Corredor-Waldron, a co-author of the New Jersey study, believes — that suicidal behavior is distressingly high among teenagers in the United States and that many of our conventional measures are not very reliable to assess changes in suicidal behavior over time.) But over the past several years, Americans worrying over the well-being of teenagers have heard much less about that second story, which emphasizes changes in the broader culture of mental illness, screening guidelines and treatment, than the first one, which suggests smartphones and social-media use explain a whole raft of concerns about the well-being of the country’s youth.

When the smartphone thesis first came to prominence more than six years ago, advanced by Haidt’s sometime collaborator Jean Twenge, there was a fair amount of skepticism from scientists and social scientists and other commentators: Were teenagers really suffering that much? they asked. How much in this messy world could you pin on one piece of technology anyway? But some things have changed since then, including the conventional liberal perspective on the virtues of Big Tech, and, in the past few years, as more data has rolled in and more red flags have been raised about American teenagers — about the culture of college campuses, about the political hopelessness or neuroticism or radicalism or fatalism of teenagers, about a growing political gender divide, about how often they socialize or drink or have sex — a two-part conventional wisdom has taken hold across the pundit class. First, that American teenagers are experiencing a mental health crisis; second, that it is the fault of phones.

“Smartphones and social media are destroying children’s mental health,” the Financial Times declared last spring. This spring, Haidt’s new book on the subject, The Anxious Generation: How the Great Rewiring of Childhood Is Causing an Epidemic of Mental Illness, debuted at the top of the New York Times best-seller list. In its review of the book, The Guardian described the smartphone as “a pocket full of poison,” and in an essay , The New Yorker accepted as a given that Gen Z was in the midst of a “mental health emergency” and that “social media is bad for young people.” “Parents could see their phone-obsessed children changing and succumbing to distress,” The Wall Street Journal reflected . “Now we know the true horror of what happened.”

But, well, do we? Over the past five years, “Is it the phones?” has become “It’s probably the phones,” particularly among an anxious older generation processing bleak-looking charts of teenage mental health on social media as they are scrolling on their own phones. But however much we may think we know about how corrosive screen time is to mental health, the data looks murkier and more ambiguous than the headlines suggest — or than our own private anxieties, as parents and smartphone addicts, seem to tell us.

What do we really know about the state of mental health among teenagers today? Suicide offers the most concrete measure of emotional distress, and rates among American teenagers ages 15 to 19 have indeed risen over the past decade or so, to about 11.8 deaths per 100,000 in 2021 from about 7.5 deaths per 100,000 in 2009. But the American suicide epidemic is not confined to teenagers. In 2022, the rate had increased roughly as much since 2000 for the country as a whole, suggesting a national story both broader and more complicated than one focused on the emotional vulnerabilities of teenagers to Instagram. And among the teenagers of other rich countries, there is essentially no sign of a similar pattern. As Max Roser of Our World in Data recently documented , suicide rates among older teenagers and young adults have held roughly steady or declined over the same time period in France, Spain, Italy, Austria, Germany, Greece, Poland, Norway and Belgium. In Sweden there were only very small increases.

Is there a stronger distress signal in the data for young women? Yes, somewhat. According to an international analysis by The Economist, suicide rates among young women in 17 wealthy countries have grown since 2003, by about 17 percent, to a 2020 rate of 3.5 suicides per 100,000 people. The rate among young women has always been low, compared with other groups, and among the countries in the Economist data set, the rate among male teenagers, which has hardly grown at all, remains almost twice as high. Among men in their 50s, the rate is more than seven times as high.

In some countries, we see concerning signs of convergence by gender and age, with suicide rates among young women growing closer to other demographic groups. But the pattern, across countries, is quite varied. In Denmark, where smartphone penetration was the highest in the world in 2017, rates of hospitalization for self-harm among 10- to 19-year-olds fell by more than 40 percent between 2008 and 2016. In Germany, there are today barely one-quarter as many suicides among women between 15 and 20 as there were in the early 1980s, and the number has been remarkably flat for more than two decades. In the United States, suicide rates for young men are still three and a half times as high as for young women, the recent increases have been larger in absolute terms among young men than among young women, and suicide rates for all teenagers have been gradually declining since 2018. In 2022, the latest year for which C.D.C. data is available, suicide declined by 18 percent for Americans ages 10 to 14 and 9 percent for those ages 15 to 24.

None of this is to say that everything is fine — that the kids are perfectly all right, that there is no sign at all of worsening mental health among teenagers, or that there isn’t something significant and even potentially damaging about smartphone use and social media. Phones have changed us, and are still changing us, as anyone using one or observing the world through them knows well. But are they generating an obvious mental health crisis?

The picture that emerges from the suicide data is mixed and complicated to parse. Suicide is the hardest-to-dispute measure of despair, but not the most capacious. But while rates of depression and anxiety have grown strikingly for teenagers in certain parts of the world, including the U.S., it’s tricky to disentangle those increases from growing mental-health awareness and destigmatization, and attempts to measure the phenomenon in different ways can yield very different results.

According to data Haidt uses, from the U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, the percent of teenage girls reporting major depressive episodes in the last year grew by about 50 percent between 2005 and 2017, for instance, during which time the share of teenage boys reporting the same grew by roughly 75 percent from a lower level. But in a biannual C.D.C. survey of teenage mental health, the share of teenagers reporting that they had been persistently sad for a period of at least two weeks in the past year grew from only 28.5 percent in 2005 to 31.5 percent in 2017. Two different surveys tracked exactly the same period, and one showed an enormous increase in depression while the other showed almost no change at all.

And if the rise of mood disorders were a straightforward effect of the smartphone, you’d expect to see it everywhere smartphones were, and, as with suicide, you don’t. In Britain, the share of young people who reported “feeling down” or experiencing depression grew from 31 percent in 2012 to 38 percent on the eve of the pandemic and to 41 percent in 2021. That is significant, though by other measures British teenagers appear, if more depressed than they were in the 2000s, not much more depressed than they were in the 1990s.

Overall, when you dig into the country-by-country data, many places seem to be registering increases in depression among teenagers, particularly among the countries of Western Europe and North America. But the trends are hard to disentangle from changes in diagnostic patterns and the medicalization of sadness, as Lucy Foulkes has argued , and the picture varies considerably from country to country. In Canada , for instance, surveys of teenagers’ well-being show a significant decline between 2015 and 2021, particularly among young women; in South Korea rates of depressive episodes among teenagers fell by 35 percent between 2006 and 2018.

Because much of our sense of teenage well-being comes from self-reported surveys, when you ask questions in different ways, the answers vary enormously. Haidt likes to cite data collected as part of an international standardized test program called PISA, which adds a few questions about loneliness at school to its sections covering progress in math, science and reading, and has found a pattern of increasing loneliness over the past decade. But according to the World Happiness Report , life satisfaction among those ages 15 to 24 around the world has been improving pretty steadily since 2013, with more significant gains among women, as the smartphone completed its global takeover, with a slight dip during the first two years of the pandemic. An international review published in 2020, examining more than 900,000 adolescents in 36 countries, showed no change in life satisfaction between 2002 and 2018.

“It doesn’t look like there’s one big uniform thing happening to people’s mental health,” said Andrew Przybylski, a professor at Oxford. “In some particular places, there are some measures moving in the wrong direction. But if I had to describe the global trend over the last decade, I would say there is no uniform trend showing a global crisis, and, where things are getting worse for teenagers, no evidence that it is the result of the spread of technology.”

If Haidt is the public face of worry about teenagers and phones, Przybylski is probably the most prominent skeptic of the thesis. Others include Amy Orben, at the University of Cambridge, who in January told The Guardian, “I think the concern about phones as a singular entity are overblown”; Chris Ferguson, at Stetson University, who is about to publish a new meta-analysis showing no relationship between smartphone use and well-being; and Candice Odgers, of the University of California, Irvine, who published a much-debated review of Haidt in Nature, in which she declared “the book’s repeated suggestion that digital technologies are rewiring our children’s brains and causing an epidemic of mental illness is not supported by science.”

Does that overstate the case? In a technical sense, I think, no: There may be some concerning changes in the underlying incidence of certain mood disorders among American teenagers over the past couple of decades, but they are hard to separate from changing methods of measuring and addressing mental health and mental illness. There isn’t great data on international trends in teenage suicide — but in those places with good reporting, the rates are generally not worsening — and the trends around anxiety, depression and well-being are ambiguous elsewhere in the world. And the association of those local increases with the rise of the smartphone, while now almost conventional wisdom among people like me, is, among specialists, very much a contested claim. Indeed, even Haidt, who has also emphasized broader changes to the culture of childhood , estimated that social media use is responsible for only about 10 percent to 15 percent of the variation in teenage well-being — which would be a significant correlation, given the complexities of adolescent life and of social science, but is also a much more measured estimate than you tend to see in headlines trumpeting the connection. And many others have arrived at much smaller estimates still.

But this all also raises the complicated question of what exactly we mean by “science,” in the context of social phenomena like these, and what standard of evidence we should be applying when asking whether something qualifies as a “crisis” or “emergency” and what we know about what may have caused it. There is a reason we rarely reduce broad social changes to monocausal explanations, whether we’re talking about the rapid decline of teenage pregnancy in the 2000s, or the spike in youth suicide in the late ’80s and early 1990s, or the rise in crime that began in the 1960s: Lives are far too complex to easily reduce to the influence of single factors, whether the factor is a recession or political conditions or, for that matter, climate breakdown.

To me, the number of places where rates of depression among teenagers are markedly on the rise is a legitimate cause for concern. But it is also worth remembering that, for instance, between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s, diagnoses of American youth for bipolar disorder grew about 40-fold , and it is hard to find anyone who believes that change was a true reflection of underlying incidence. And when we find ourselves panicking over charts showing rapid increases in, say, the number of British girls who say they’re often unhappy or feel they are a failure, it’s worth keeping in mind that the charts were probably zoomed in to emphasize the spike, and the increase is only from about 5 percent of teenagers to about 10 percent in the first case, or from about 15 percent to about 20 percent in the second. It may also be the case, as Orben has emphasized , that smartphones and social media may be problematic for some teenagers without doing emotional damage to a majority of them. That’s not to say that in taking in the full scope of the problem, there is nothing there. But overall it is probably less than meets the eye.

If you are having thoughts of suicide, call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline or go to SpeakingOfSuicide.com/resources for a list of additional resources.

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Home — Essay Samples — Information Science and Technology — Cell Phones — The Significance of Mobile Phones in Today’s Society

The Significance of Mobile Phones in Today’s Society

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Published: Feb 12, 2019

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Mobile and social networks, mobile and business, mobile and entertainment.

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Ramón Fonseca, co-founder of law firm in ‘Panama Papers’ leak, dies at 71

The Panama Papers disclosures in 2016 threw open the firm’s role in the secretive world of offshore banking and tax havens.

Ramón Fonseca, co-founder of a Panama-based law firm, Mossack Fonseca, that helped the famous and infamous shelter their riches, and who then presided over the firm’s collapse after the dealings were made public in the massive 2016 “Panama Papers” leaks, died May 8 in a hospital in Panama City. He was 71.

Mr. Fonseca’s attorney, Guillermina McDonald, confirmed the death but gave no specific cause. The Spanish news agency EFE quoted Mr. Fonseca’s daughter, Raquel Fonseca, saying he died of pneumonia.

Mr. Fonseca had been hospitalized since early April, McDonald added, and did not attend a trial last month on alleged money laundering. Prosecutors in Panama claim that Mr. Fonseca, his former legal partner Jürgen Mossack and nearly 30 others created shell companies that were used by clients to hide money from illicit activities. Mr. Fonseca had denied the charges.

The firm Mossack Fonseca built its reputation over four decades as an expert guide into the worlds of offshore accounts, tax havens, front companies and other avenues to potentially give clients options to shield their assets and identities.

Mr. Fonseca and his colleagues insisted they always operated within the law and were not responsible for what clients did with the companies or accounts the firm helped create.

“We are like a car factory who sells its car to a dealer (a lawyer for example), and he sells it to a lady that hits someone,” Mr. Fonseca wrote in an exchange of messages with the New York Times in 2016. “The factory is not responsible for what is done with the car.”

As the clients poured in, Mr. Fonseca and Mossack became kingpins in their own right — but with very different styles.

The German-born Mossack guarded his privacy and details of his family’s past, which included his father’s service in the Waffen-SS during World War II, according to U.S. Army intelligence files. Mr. Fonseca sought the spotlight.

He wrote popular novels and twice won Panama’s top literary prize. He hosted lavish soirees at his villa in Panama City. He was a top official in a political party and confidant to Panamanian presidents, describing public service as a way to give back.

“I believe in sharing the pizza,” he wrote. “At least to give others one slice.”

Yet Mossack Fonseca was little known outside the offshore banking networks and the constellation of so-called tax haven countries around the world. That changed in April 2016 with the “Panama Papers” leaks, obtained by the German newspaper Süddeutsche Zeitung and shared with the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ), a global investigative journalism organization that pioneered collaborative cross-border reporting.

The trove of 11.5 million documents from Mossack Fonseca revealed money trails and legal arrangements made for thousands of clients. “The cat’s out of the bag,” Mr. Fonseca told Bloomberg News, “so now we have to deal with the aftermath.”

The disclosures offered a road map into how billions of dollars — and apparent tax benefits — flow across borders, and how firms such as Mossack Fonseca make it happen.

The client list included political leaders such as Argentine President Mauricio Macri , as well as stars such as Argentine football great Lionel Messi and actor Jackie Chan . There also was an array of figures doing business with Mossack Fonseca who were lesser known but had powerful ties — a cousin of Syria’s president, Bashar al-Assad; members of Russian President Vladimir Putin’s inner circle; and an in-law of Chinese leader Xi Jinping.

Iceland’s prime minister, Sigmundur David Gunnlaugsson, resigned after it emerged he once had a stake in an offshore firm holding investments in Icelandic banks, and then sold the shares to his wife. Investigations into offshore accounts and tax avoidance were opened in dozens of countries.

In Brazil, the law firm was alleged to have created shell companies used to hide money linked to an economically crippling scandal known as Car Wash , stemming from bribes paid by the giant construction firm Odebrecht in return for government contracts.

ICIJ, McClatchy and the Miami Herald — which were among the more than 100 media partners on the Panama Papers investigation — received the 2017 Pulitzer Prize in explanatory reporting for stories based on the leak. Governments around the world have now recouped more than $1.36 billion in back taxes and penalties as a direct result of the Panama Papers, according to the ICIJ.

Even as Mr. Fonseca’s 500-employee law firm crumbled in 2018 and he went from power broker to pariah — losing his stature in the conservative Panameñista Party and his role as a presidential adviser — he insisted that he was blameless.

The law firm, Mr. Fonseca asserted, stayed within the legal lines drawn by Panama and other jurisdictions — the Cayman Islands, the British Virgin Islands and others — as it sought a share of the growing market in offshore banking.

“At the end of this storm the sky will be blue again,” Mr. Fonseca wrote, “and people will find that the only crime is the hacking” of the firm’s records.

‘A monster’

Ramón Fonseca Mora was born in Panama City on July 14, 1952. He said he contemplated joining the priesthood as a young man but instead studied at the London School of Economics and received a law degree from Panama University.

He later worked six years at the United Nations in Geneva in an attempt, he told the Times, “to save the world.” At the same time, another path beckoned. Panama was emerging among the countries seeking footholds as offshore banking centers and flags of convenience in shipping, using corporate rules and tax codes friendly to maritime commerce.

After returning from Geneva, Mr. Fonseca opened a solo law practice in 1977 with a single secretary. He saw the potential to advise wealthy clients on where to park their money. He became a one-man sales force, pitching his firm in Europe, Asia and across Latin America. Mossack was also in the same hunt.

They joined forces to form Mossack Fonseca. They had the right legal skills at the right time. Money and clients flowed their way. After the U.S. military invaded Panama in 1989 to topple a former ally, Manuel Antonio Noriega , investor confidence in Panama was shaken. Mossack Fonseca began to shift its clients from Panama holdings to the British Virgin Islands and elsewhere.

What Mossack Fonseca guaranteed was ironclad privacy. As the internet age arrived, the firm offered a service to set up email accounts in any name as a conduit for clients. Some of the aliases picked: Harry Potter, Winnie Pooh and Isaac Asimov, the science-fiction writer.

In a 2008 interview, Mr. Fonseca said: “Together, we created a monster.” What he meant was the firm’s size and power. As other locales, such as the Caymans, shed some of their secrecy statues under international pressure, Panama was slow to offer transparency.

The magazine Vice, in a 2014 profile of Mossack Fonseca, described the operations as “the law firm that works with oligarchs, money launderers, and dictators.” Mr. Fonseca’s niece, Carolina, posted an angry response saying that she lived “guilt-free” and that Panama had the last laugh because it benefited from the outside money looking for a home.

Mr. Fonseca, meanwhile, eased into politics. “My father told me: It’s not fair to criticize the bullfighter from your seat,” he wrote in his interview with the Times. “Enter the ring!” Mr. Fonseca began as adviser in 2009 to Panama’s president, Ricardo Martinelli, and then stayed on with Martinelli’s successor, Juan Carlos Varela.

“There is more dirty money in New York and London and Miami than in Panama,” Mr. Fonseca once told the Financial Times.

His literary plots, however, were often full of corrupt officials and shady dealings. His novel “Mister Politicus” (2012) portrays a businessman who manipulates political figures and takes advantage of globalization to further his own interests. Two other books that lean into dirty politics, “Dance of the Butterflies” (1994) and “Dream City” (1998), won Panama’s national literary award, the Ricardo Miró Prize.

In 2019, Mr. Fonseca was played by Antonio Banderas in a film based on the Panama Papers, “The Laundromat,” which also starred Meryl Streep and Gary Oldman (as Mossack). Mr. Fonseca and Mossack tried to block the film’s release on Netflix.

His marriage to Panamanian diplomat Elizabeth Ward Neiman ended in divorce. Survivors include six children.

In a 2008 television interview, Mr. Fonseca looked back on his youthful dreams of making a mark on the world.

“I didn’t save anything. I didn’t make any change,” he said. “I decided then, as I was a little more mature, to dedicate myself to my profession, to have a family, to get married and have a regular life. … As one gets older, you turn more materialistic.”

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Call for Papers | Journal of International Marketing: Marketing’s Role in the Management of Fast-Evolving Global Supply Chains

Globalization and digitalization have reshaped global supply chain operations (Alicke et al. 2023). In particular, geopolitical disruptions such as the China–U.S. trade war, Brexit, and Middle East tensions have triggered the reconfiguration of global supply chains for many global companies (Bednarski et al. 2023; Henrich et al. 2022). The Russia–Ukraine war has further accelerated the decoupling between the U.S. and China as well as between the West and Russia. In this rapidly changing and uncertain environment, Apple, for example, has considered reshoring some of its manufacturing back to the United States. Other global companies are also considering a “China + 1” or “China + 2” strategy for their contract manufacturing operations. Such strategies allow international marketing managers to keep some of their manufacturing in China while establishing new production locations, often with the same suppliers, in countries such as Vietnam, India, or Mexico, where political risks and labor costs are more manageable (Vertinsky et al. 2023). Other external shocks and natural disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic and earthquakes have disrupted firms’ supply chain operations around the world (Panwar, Pinkse, and De Marchi 2022). For example, demand for in-person restaurant dining has decreased, whereas demand for food delivery and home-based consumption has greatly increased (Jeong et al. 2023), forcing multinationals like KFC and McDonalds to modify their operations in host markets. Under such market changes, firms need to explore new ways of organizing their global supply chains with respect to factors like product diversity and cooperation with more partners in the supply chains and ecosystems around the world (Davis et al. 2023; Henrich et al. 2022). These challenges highlight the critical need for international marketing managers to improve planning and forecasting for their global supply chains to be more agile and resilient.

Furthermore, shareholders and stakeholders have been demanding greater accountability from companies, pressing international marketing managers to take responsibility for the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) impacts of their global supply chain and manufacturing activities and to ensure that they’re doing business in an ethical, sustainable, and fair fashion (Henrich et al. 2022). While marketing’s approach to this new expectation varies by country, the market now expects the same standards to be enforced throughout a company’s global supply chain. Accordingly, the stakeholders of global brands, who often hold strong expectations regarding appropriate ESG-related behaviors, have begun scrutinizing not only the firms selling the branded products worldwide but also their entire global supply chains (Mateska et al. 2023).

In the meantime, the emergence of advanced technologies such as AI and Industry 4.0 bring about great opportunities for international marketing managers to coordinate and configure their global supply chains automatically (Alicke et al. 2023; Ejaz and Hegedűs 2023; Lee et al. 2023). For example, Unilever uses an AI application and service to find alternative supply sources on short notice. Koch Industries, one of the largest privately held conglomerates in the U.S., is leveraging an AI tool to optimize its supplier base. Industry 4.0 can also help international marketing managers enhance their resilience to cope with global supply chain disruptions (Tan 2023). Further, cloud computing and blockchain technologies also help integrate a firm’s supply chain partners; enhance the transparency, efficiency, and timeliness of global supply chain activities; and enable international marketing managers to cope with communication barriers in the market. However, there is a potential downside: When there are unanticipated natural disasters or geopolitical tensions (Henrich et al. 2022), minimizing potential interruptions in such optimized, digitalized, and complex global supply networks may pose major challenges. Thus, managing global supply chains in the era of digitalization emerges as a critical and challenging task for international marketing managers.

Despite these emerging challenges and opportunities for international marketing managers, academic research on these areas is limited. Most academic work on supply chain management has focused on domestic context and overlooks how different formal and informal institutions would shape firms’ global supply chain strategies (Usui, Kotabe, and Murray 2017). Specifically, little research attention has been paid to how global supply chains can be managed to improve the flow of supplies from the perspective of international marketing, how firms can cope with emerging managerial challenges, or how international marketing managers can take advantage of new opportunities in their global supply chains. To fill this gap, there is an urgent need to develop new theories, modify existing theories, and determine how firms can manage their global supply chains in the face of emerging trends of globalization and digitalization.

Submission Process

All manuscripts will be reviewed as a cohort for this special issue of the Journal of International Marketing . All submissions will go through the Journal of International Marketing’s double-anonymized review and follow standard norms and processes. Submissions must be made via the journal’s ScholarOne site , with author guidelines available here . For any queries, feel free to reach out to the special issue editors.

Manuscripts must be submitted between December 1, 2024 and March 1, 2025.

Guest editors.

Daekwan Kim ([email protected]) is Spencer-Feheley MBA Professor in the College of Business at Florida State University and a Visiting Eminent Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul, Korea. His research interests include the impact of IT and Industry 4.0 on interfirm relationships and relational performance, marketing/international marketing strategies, and international buyer–seller relationships. His research has appeared in the Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Decision Sciences Journal, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Marketing, Journal of World Business, Management International Review, International Marketing Review, International Business Review, and others. He is currently a Senior Editor of International Business Review and an Associate Editor of Decision Sciences Journal, and serving on the editorial boards of Journal of International Business Studies, Industrial Marketing Management, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Marketing, and Thunderbird International Business Review.

Ruey-Jer “Bryan” Jean ([email protected]) is Distinguished Professor of International Business at the Department of International Business, National Taiwan University, Taipei. He received his PhD from University of Manchester, UK. His research focuses on interorganizational relationship management and international new ventures in digital and data-rich environments, with a focus on emerging markets. He has published widely in peer-reviewed academic journals, including the Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of Management Studies, Journal of World Business, Management International Review, International Business Review, International Marketing Review, Journal of Business Research, Journal of International Management, and Journal of International Marketing. He is currently an Associate Editor of International Marketing Review and serving on the editorial boards of Journal of Business Research, International Business Review, and Asia Pacific Journal of Management.

S. Tamer Cavusgil ([email protected]) is Regents’ Professor and Fuller E. Callaway Professorial Chair and Executive Director, CIBER, Robinson College of Business, Georgia State University. A trustee of Sabanci University in Istanbul, Türkiye. Tamer authored more than several dozen books and some 200 refereed journal articles. He mentored over 40 doctoral students at Michigan State and Georgia State who have become accomplished educators around the world. Tamer holds an honorary doctorate from The University of Hasselt and the University of Southern Denmark, in addition to being named as an Honorary Professor by Atilim University in Ankara, Türkiye. He is an elected Fellow of the Academy of International Business. Tamer holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the Middle East Technical University in Ankara, Türkiye. He earned his MBA and PhD from the University of Wisconsin.

Ayşegül Özsomer ([email protected]) Ayşegül Özsomer is Professor of Marketing at Koç University, Istanbul, Türkiye. She specializes in global marketing, branding, emerging markets and the role of marketing in tough economic times. She has published in top scholarly journals including the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, International Journal of Research in Marketing, and Journal of International Marketing. Ayşegül received several research awards including the 2011 Gerald Hills Best Paper Award for ten-year impact on entrepreneurship research, the 2013 Cavusgil Award for her paper investigating the interplay between global and local brands, and the 2023 Cavusgil Award for her paper on marketing agility. She has held visiting scholar positions at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, the Anderson Graduate School of Management, UCLA, and Harvard University. Her co-authored book, The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and the Competition (McGraw Hill) was selected the best strategy book by Business+Strategy.

Alicke, Knut, Tacy Foster, Katharina Hauck, and Vera Trautwein (2023), “Tech and Regionalization Bolster Supply Chains, but Complacency Looms,” McKinsey (November 3), https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/tech-and-regionalization-bolster-supply-chains-but-complacency-looms .

Bednarski, Lukasz, Samuel Roscoe, Constantin Blome, and Martin C. Schleper (2023), “Geopolitical Disruptions in Global Supply Chains: A State-of-the-Art Literature Review,” Production Planning & Control , https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2023.2286283 .

Davis, Cameron, Ben Safran, Rachel Schaff, and Lauren Yayboke (2023), “Building Innovation Ecosystems: Accelerating Tech Hub Growth,” McKinsey (February 28), https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-sector/our-insights/building-innovation-ecosystems-accelerating-tech-hub-growth .

Ejaz, Muhammad R. and Dániel Hegedűs (2023), “Designing a Conceptual Framework for Industry 4.0 Technologies to Enable Circular Economy Ecosystem,” Managing Global Transitions , 21 (2), 121–48.

Henrich, Jan, Jason Li, Carolina Mazuera, and Fernando Perez (2022), “Future-Proofing the Supply Chain,” McKinsey (June 14), https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/future-proofing-the-supply-chain .

Jeong, Insik, Ruey-Jer Jean, Daekwan Kim, and Saeed Samiee (2023), “Managing Disruptive External Forces in International Marketing,” International Marketing Review , 40 (5), 936–56.

Lee, Jeoung Y., Daekwan Kim, Byungchul Choi, and Alfredo Jiménez (2023), “Early Evidence on How Industry 4.0 Reshapes MNEs’ Global Value Chains: The Role of Value Creation Versus Value Capturing by Headquarters and Foreign Subsidiaries,” Journal of International Business Studies , 54 (4), 599–630.

Mateska, Ivana, Christian Busse, Andrew P. Kach, and Stephan M. Wagner (2023), “Sustainability-Related Transgressions in Global Supply Chains: When Do Legitimacy Spillovers Hurt Buying Firms the Most?” Journal of Supply Chain Management , 59 (4), 42–78.

Panwar, Rajat, Jonatan Pinkse, and Valentina De Marchi (2022), “The Future of Global Supply Chains in a Post-COVID-19 World,” California Management Review , 64 (2), 5–23.

Tan, Hooi (2023), “It’s Time to Join the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” SME Media (June 22), https://www.advancedmanufacturing.org/smart-manufacturing/its-time-to-join-the-fourth-industrial-revolution/article_035bc430-059d-11ef-b638-d772541cc117.html .

Usui, Tetsuya, Masaaki Kotabe, and Janet Y. Murray (2017), “A Dynamic Process of Building Global Supply Chain Competence by New Ventures: The Case of Uniqlo,” Journal of International Marketing , 25 (3), 1–20.

Vertinsky, Ilan, Yingqiu Kuang, Dongsheng Zhou, and Victor Cui (2023), “The Political Economy and Dynamics of Bifurcated World Governance and the Decoupling of Value Chains: An Alternative Perspective,” Journal of International Business Studies , 54 (7), 1351–77.

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Essay on Mobile Phone for Students [100, 150, 250, 400 Words]
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Essay on Mobile Phone: 100 Words, 300 Words, 500 Words
Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (500 words) Mobile Phone is a portable telephone that performs a variety of functions for its users. The smartphone can be used to text, call, watch movies, listen to music, and even use social media applications. This cellular device has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Essay on Mobile Phone for Students and Children
Even when we don't need to mobile we surf the net, play games making a real addict. As mobile phones became smarter, people became dumber. 2) Making Us Non- communicable. Wide usage of mobiles has resulted in less meet and talk more. Now people don't meet physically rather chat or comment on social media.
Essay on Mobile Phone for Students [100, 150, 250, 400 Words]
Essay on Mobile Phone: 100 Words. The mobile phone is one of the greatest gifts of modern science. It is also called cell phone or smart phone. It is a great medium of communication. In earlier times mobile phones were used only for communication. But now-a-days a mobile phone is used as an entertainment device.
Uses of Mobile Phones Essay for Students
A.1 Mobile phones are very advantageous. They help us in making our lives easy and convenient. They help us communicate with our loved ones and carry out our work efficiently. Furthermore, they also do the work of the computer, calculator, and cameras.
The Role of The Cell Phones in Our Life
When used responsibly, cell phones become valuable tools for maintaining academic continuity and supporting peer learning. In essence, cell phones play a crucial role in fostering connections, ensuring safety, and facilitating seamless communication in the lives of students and individuals alike.
114 Cell Phone Essay Topic Ideas & Examples
The role of cell phones in emergency situations. The effects of excessive cell phone use on mental health. Cell phones and distracted driving: A deadly combination. The influence of cell phones on social relationships. How cell phones have changed the way we shop. The ethical implications of cell phone tracking and surveillance.
Essay on Mobile Phones for Students in English
See here what this mobile phone paragraph has to say. Stay connected: - Mobile phones are the best way to stay connected with your friends and family living away from you. Voice calls, video calls, emails, messages and texts- thus, the communication modes via cell phones are multitude. Mode of entertainment: - As technology advances, you ...
Importance Of Cell Phones In School: [Essay Example], 689 words
The Role of the Cell Phones in Our Life Essay. 2 pages / 1018 words. The Need to Ban US Citizens from Using Mobile Phones While Driving Essay. 3 pages / 1425 words. ... Essay. A cell phone is one of the devices mostly used according to the meta-analysis statistic taken. Approximately, 80 percent of the world population uses a cell phone in ...
Mobile Phone Essay in English for Students
Mobile Phone Essay in English for students & children at Vedantu.com. In the era of technical advancement, mobile phones play a very significant role. Technology has made our life quite easier. This is an easy, short & informative essay on Mobile Phone for free only at Vedantu.com.
Part III: The Impact of Mobile Phones on People's Lives
Some 17% of these high-income earners say that their phone makes it "a lot" harder to do this (compared with 7% for those earning less than $30,000 per year, 6% for those earning $30,000-$49,999, and 8% for those earning $50,000-$74,999). Overall, nearly one third (29%) of high-income cell owners say that their phone makes it at least ...
The Students Use of Mobile Phones in the Classroom
Conclusion. The use of mobile phones in the classroom can improve student's performance and help them to have better learning outcomes. It can save their time, prevent them from carrying heavy bags with textbooks and notebooks and increase the accessibility of course materials. The possible drawbacks of the use of technology in class are ...
Introduction: Why study mobile phones?
About six in ten (66%) of all children in our sample had a cell phone before they turned 14. Slightly less than 75% of all high school students had a cell phone. This report particularly highlights the rapid rise of text messaging in recent months. Some 72% of all US teens are now text message users, 1 up from 51% in 2006.
Smartphone Essay in English for Students
Answer 1: Smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems when compared to feature phones. Furthermore, the smartphone can perform almost all computing functions that a feature phone can't. The internet and camera capabilities of a feature phone are nowhere near as powerful as that of a smartphone.
Mobile phones: Impacts, challenges, and predictions
People were unlikely to carry the DynaTAC into a concert hall. Since that cell phone sold for $4,000, the equivalent of about $10,000 today, chances of even encountering one were slim. In 1989, Motorola introduced the MicroTAC, a flip phone which by modern standards was large, but at 12.3 oz was small enough to fit into a coat pocket.
Argumentative Essay on Cell Phones in School
The Role of the Cell Phones in Our Life Essay. 2 pages / 1018 words. The Need to Ban US Citizens from Using Mobile Phones While Driving Essay. 3 pages / 1425 words. ... Essay. A cell phone is one of the devices mostly used according to the meta-analysis statistic taken. Approximately, 80 percent of the world population uses a cell phone in ...
Cell Phones in School: An Argumentative Perspective
The integration of technology into education has sparked a contentious debate over the role of cell phones in school settings. While some advocate for their presence, arguing that they enhance learning and communication, others contend that cell phones in schools can be detrimental to academic focus and classroom dynamics.
Smartphone use and academic performance: A literature review
We present the first systematic review of the scientific literature on smartphone use and academic success. We synthesise the theoretical mechanisms, empirical approaches, and empirical findings described in the multidisciplinary literature to date. Our analysis of the literature reveals a predominance of empirical results supporting a negative ...
The Importance of Mobile Phones
Looking into the future, mobile phones will keep advancing and will probably have an even more important role in people's lives. Make sure you submit a unique essay Our writers will provide you with an essay sample written from scratch: any topic, any deadline, any instructions.
Internet & Cell Phone Essay: Do the pros outweigh the cons?
Firstly, the internet and cell phones mean that people can stay connected however far away they are from each other. For instance, these days, many people live in different countries or go travelling in different countries. Cell phones and the internet mean that parents can easily keep in touch with their children who are on holiday and people ...
How Cell Phones Affect Our Lives? Essay
Papers provided by EduBirdie writers usually outdo students' samples. Mobile phones or cell phones are an essential piece of communication in an individual's everyday life. In several countries, the use of cell phones is rapidly developing and over half the population owns a cell phone. They take pictures, record videos, play music, voice ...
Mobile Phone Essays
Necessity of Mobile Phones Essay. by syed (Malaysia) The dangers and complexities of the modern world have made the mobile phone an absolute necessity for children. ... While these devices play a vital role in safety, connectedness and convenience, a number of schools have prohibited their use on campus. In my opinion, this is a positive ...
Free Cell Phones Essay Examples & Topic Ideas
Technology in Education Cell Phones. Topics: Distraction, Mobile phone, Push-button telephone, Rotary dial, Text messaging. 1 2 3. Argumentative essay on Cell Phones from GradesFixer Best writing team Examples by straight-A students High-quality paper.
Opinion
In its review of the book, The Guardian described the smartphone as "a pocket full of poison," and in an essay, The New Yorker accepted as a given that Gen Z was in the midst of a "mental ...
The Hidden-Pregnancy Experiment
In 2023, she won a National Magazine Award for Columns and Essays. Her first book, the essay collection " Trick Mirror ," was published in 2019. More: Pregnancy Data Mining Cell Phones ...
War in Gaza, Shibboleths on Campus
In the campus protests over the war in Gaza, language and rhetoric are—as they have always been when it comes to Israel and Palestine—weapons of mass destruction. By Zadie Smith. May 5, 2024 ...
Role of the President in Proposing an Amendment
The Constitution does not specifically establish a role for the President in amending the Constitution. 1 Footnote See U.S. Const. art. V. This essay does not examine whether the President has any role in an Article V convention of the states. Nonetheless, some Presidents have played a ministerial role in transmitting Congress's proposed ...
The Significance of Mobile Phones in Today's Society
Get original essay. Cellphones allow you to keep in touch with your friend and family at all time, making a phone call or texting a message, , but with the development of new technologies, smartphones are capable of storing data, listening to music, taking pictures, sending e-mails, surfing the web, making business deals, watching television ...
Ramón Fonseca, co-founder of law firm in 'Panama Papers' leak, dies at
The Panama Papers disclosures in 2016 threw open the firm's role in the secretive world of offshore banking and tax havens. By Brian Murphy May 9, 2024 at 9:07 p.m. EDT
Call for Papers
Overview. Globalization and digitalization have reshaped global supply chain operations (Alicke et al. 2023). In particular, geopolitical disruptions such as the China-U.S. trade war, Brexit, and Middle East tensions have triggered the reconfiguration of global supply chains for many global companies (Bednarski et al. 2023; Henrich et al. 2022).

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