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IGNOU Project Report: How To Prepare, Steps for Submission

The last date to submit IGNOU projects, dissertations, practical files, internship reports etc. is 31 st May 2024.

IGNOU Project/ Dissertation /Practical Files/ Internship Report Submission Guidelines

Students are supposed to submit their Project/Dissertation/Practicum Files/Internship Report through online mode only.
Reports sent through any form other than official link put by University will be taken as invalid.
In case of submission of Project report or dissertations, documents such as Proposal Proforma, Synopsis, bio data of project, originality certificate needs to be duly signed in original by student and project guide before submission.
Make sure to scan all the page of the report properly using a Mobile Camscan or a Scanning machine. Here are more details about IGNOU project submission.

How To Submit Your IGNOU Project File?

Below are the steps to submit your Project/ Dissertation /Practical Files/ Internship Report Submission through online mode.

1. Visit Online Submission Link:

Visit https://onlineproject.ignou.ac.in/projectjun24/ set by University for TEE June 2024 for online submission of project files. Please note this is not assignment submission link and hence refrain from submitting assignments through this link.

2. Read Instructions to Continue:

Read the instructions mentioned and scroll at the bottom of page. Click ‘Yes’ to continue. Next, click on ‘Proceed to Upload Project / Dissertation / Internship Report’.

3. Enter Login Details:

You will see a screen asking with login. Enter details such as Enrollment Number, Programme Code and Date of birth. Next, enter the captcha and then click ‘Submit’.

4. Upload Document:

Upload the project report in the form of scanned PDF. Make sure to create single PDF file for 1 subject and upload the same.

IGNOU Project Report or Dissertation : How to Prepare

An IGNOU project report is a comprehensive document that showcases a student’s research, analysis, and findings on a particular topic within their field of study. Whether for a Bachelor’s, Master’s, or other program, IGNOU project reports are a vital component of academic assessment and evaluation. Here’s a structured outline of what an IGNOU project report typically includes:

1. Title Page/ First page :

Title of the project
Student’s name
Enrollment number
Program name and code
Date of submission
Name of the university (Indira Gandhi National Open University)
Logo or seal of the university

2. Declaration:

A statement declaring that the project report is the original work of the student.
Declaration of any sources of information used, duly acknowledged through citations and references.
Signature of the student and date.

3. Certificate:

A certificate signed by the project supervisor or coordinator acknowledging the completion and submission of the project report.

4. Acknowledgments:

A section where the student expresses gratitude to individuals or organizations who provided support, guidance, or assistance during the course of the project.

5. Abstract:

A concise summary of the project report, including its objectives, methodology, key findings, and conclusions. Typically around 150-250 words.

6. Table of Contents:

A list of all major sections and subsections of the project report along with their respective page numbers for easy navigation.

7. List of Figures and Tables (if applicable):

A separate list enumerating all figures and tables included in the project report, along with their corresponding page numbers.

8. Introduction:

Background information on the topic of the project.
Statement of the problem or research question.
Objectives or aims of the project.
Significance or relevance of the study.

9. Literature Review:

Review of existing scholarly literature relevant to the topic.
Summary and synthesis of key findings from previous studies.
Identification of gaps in the literature that the project aims to address.

10. Methodology:

Description of the research approach and methods used in the project.
Explanation of data collection methods (e.g., surveys, interviews, experiments).
Justification for the chosen methodology and discussion of any limitations.

11. Results:

Presentation of research findings in a clear and organized manner.
Use of tables, charts, graphs, or other visual aids to illustrate key findings.
Discussion of any patterns, trends, or relationships observed in the data.

12. Discussion:

Interpretation of the results in relation to the research objectives.
Comparison of findings with existing literature.
Analysis of implications, limitations, and potential areas for future research.

13. Conclusion:

Summary of the main findings and their implications.
Restatement of the research objectives and how they were addressed.
Recommendations for future research or practical applications.

14. References:

List of all sources cited in the project report, formatted according to the prescribed citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

15. Appendices (if applicable):

Additional supplementary material such as survey questionnaires, interview transcripts, or raw data.

It’s essential to adhere to the formatting and citation guidelines provided by IGNOU for project reports, including font size, margins, line spacing, and citation style. Additionally, students should carefully proofread their project reports for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors before submission. Some courses might also share Project report guidelines with templates and outline structure. Make sure to look for the same in your programme guide.

How to Get Project Proposal Proforma Approved?

A Proposal Proforma is a structured document that outlines the intended research study. IGNOU has an official template for the proforma depending upon the programme you are enrolled in. Usually, you can find the propsal proforma as part of your programme guide or project report guidelines created by your programme faculty. Usually, you are supposed to attach the synopsis and bio data of your project along with the proforma for approval. For approval, you need to send the copy of your propsal Proforma at RC or Concerned School. You can contact your Study Centre or Regional Centre to find out more information.

IGNOU Practical File or Practum : How to Prepare

Practical files are an integral part of many courses offered by the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). These files serve as documentation of the practical work completed by students as part of their coursework. Here’s a breakdown of what IGNOU practical files typically include:

1. Cover Page:

The Cover Page of the IGNOU Practical File should consist of the below:

Title of the practical file.
Student’s name.
Enrollment number.
Program name and code.
Course name and code.
Date of submission.
University name (Indira Gandhi National Open University).

2. Table of Contents:

A list of all sections and subsections in the practical file along with their respective page numbers.

3. Introduction:

Overview of the practical work to be documented.
Explanation of the objectives and purpose of the practical activities.

4. Experiment Details:

Detailed descriptions of each experiment or practical activity undertaken.
Clear and step-by-step instructions for conducting the experiments.
List of materials and equipment required for each experiment.

5. Observations and Results:

Recorded observations and data collected during the practical activities.
Presentation of results in tables, charts, graphs, or other visual formats.
Analysis and interpretation of the results obtained.

6. Discussion:

Interpretation of the results in the context of the objectives of the practical work.
Comparison of observed outcomes with expected outcomes.
Discussion of any challenges faced during the practical activities and how they were addressed.

7. Conclusion:

Summary of the main findings and outcomes of the practical work.
Reflection on the significance of the practical activities in relation to the course objectives.
Recommendations for future improvements or modifications to the practical exercises.

8. References:

List of all sources consulted or referenced in the practical file, formatted according to the prescribed citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

9. Appendices:

Supplementary material such as raw data, calculations, diagrams, or additional documentation related to the practical activities.
Any supporting documents provided by the course instructor or obtained during the practical work.

Note: It’s important for students to follow any specific instructions or guidelines provided by their course instructor or program coordinator regarding the format and content of practical files. Additionally, students should ensure that their practical files are well-organized, clearly written, and free of errors before submission.

IGNOU Internship Report : How to Prepare

An internship report for the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) typically documents a student’s experience, learning, and contributions during their internship period. Here’s a structured outline of what an IGNOU internship report usually includes:

Title of the internship report
Name of the organization where the internship was conducted.

2. Acknowledgments:

A section where the student expresses gratitude to individuals or organizations who provided support, guidance, or assistance during the internship.

3. Executive Summary:

A brief overview of the internship experience, highlighting key activities, achievements, and learnings.
Summary of the organization, its mission, and the internship objectives.

4. Introduction:

Background information on the organization where the internship was conducted.
Explanation of the purpose and objectives of the internship.
Description of the student’s role and responsibilities during the internship period.

5. Organization Profile:

Overview of the organization, including its history, mission, vision, and organizational structure.
Description of the department or division where the internship took place.
Brief profiles of key personnel or supervisors involved in the internship program.

6. Internship Activities:

Detailed description of the tasks, projects, and activities undertaken during the internship.
Explanation of how these activities contributed to the student’s learning and professional development.
Use of specific examples and anecdotes to illustrate key experiences and challenges faced during the internship.

7. Learning Outcomes:

Reflection on the knowledge, skills, and competencies gained through the internship experience.
Analysis of how the internship contributed to the student’s academic and career goals.
Identification of areas of strength and areas for improvement based on the internship experience.

8. Contributions and Impact:

Discussion of the student’s contributions to the organization during the internship.
Evaluation of the impact of the student’s work on the organization’s goals, projects, or initiatives.
Testimonials or feedback from supervisors or colleagues regarding the student’s performance and contributions.

9. Challenges and Solutions:

Identification of challenges or obstacles encountered during the internship.
Description of strategies or solutions implemented to overcome these challenges.
Reflection on lessons learned and personal growth resulting from overcoming challenges.

10. Conclusion:

Summary of the internship experience and its significance in the student’s academic and professional journey.
Final reflections on the overall impact of the internship on the student’s learning and development.

11. Recommendations:

Suggestions for improving the internship program or enhancing the student experience in future internships.
Recommendations for other students considering similar internship opportunities.

12. References:

List of all sources cited or consulted in the internship report, formatted according to the prescribed citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

13. Appendices:

Supplementary material such as internship evaluations, project reports, or additional documentation related to the internship experience.

It’s important for students to adhere to any specific guidelines or requirements provided by IGNOU regarding the format, length, and content of internship reports. Additionally, students should ensure that their internship reports are well-written, organized, and free of errors before submission.

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IGNOU MAEDU Project Synopsis & Report Guidelines (MESP-001)

Get all the help you need in making your maedu project, if you are looking for help with mesp-001 project/dissertation, which is a compulsory course applicable for master of arts (education) (maedu) programme(s) of ignou, you have come to the right place. on this page, you will get verified information on how to make your mesp-001 project synopsis and report. you will also get to know the entire project process in ignou right from how to get a project supervisor, how to select a topic, where and how to submit the project report, etc. you can also look at the below premium ready-made and customised reference material for maedu project synopsis and reports., top resources for mesp-001 project:.

Legal Disclaimer: IGNOU Help Center recommends students to make their projects on their own. The above links are only to be used as reference material as a help in building your own project.

MESP-001 Project Information

The first step in the conduct of a research study for dissertation is to choose a specific area from which you will identify a suitable research problem. the area selected should be one in which you are capable of demonstrating necessary initiative, insight, critical analysis and judgmental capacities. a thorough understanding of the known facts and developments in the area in which you are interested constitutes the first and most important step in selecting a specific problem for study., how to make mesp-001 (maedu) project.

Easy five-step process to make and submit your MAEDU project synopsis & report

Step 1: Download and Read the MESP-001 Project Guidelines / Manual

Before attempting to make your maedu project, it is important to read the project manual that is sent to you as part of your study materials. if you did not receive it, you can also download the mesp-001 project manual by clicking the button below. , step 2: get details of your maedu project supervisor / guide, you can get the details of your mesp-001 project supervisor by contacting the coordinator of your study centre. most projects must be undertaken under the supervision of the project supervisor. it is only after you get the approval of your supervisor can you submit your project to ignou for examination., step 3: create and submit your mesp-001 project synopsis / proposal, a synopsis is a brief summary of the project that you intend to make. it is essentially a description of what you propose to do in your maedu project and how you intend to go about it. usually, it should be 1000 words in length (approx 10-14 pages). it should be developed and approved in consultation with the project supervisor. the synopsis for mesp-001 should include major sections like: the title, the rationale behind the proposed topic, objectives of the study, review to relevant literature, outline of the research plan and methods used to complete the study. it may also include a chapter outline and preliminary bibliography. once the synopsis / proposal is prepared, it must be approved by your supervisor. once it is approved, you must send a copy of your synopsis to ignou in delhi to the programme co-ordinator or in some cases via email to the regional center. the exact address and details are in your project guide/manual., if preparing the mesp-001 synopsis for master of arts (education) is too hard, you can check out the below reference materials and templates to help build the project synopsis..

Step 4: Create your MESP-001 Project / Dissertation Report

While you wait for a letter of approval from your maedu programme co-ordinator, you can already begin making your project. sometimes it may take over a month to hear back from ignou. in the worst case, if you do not hear back after repeated attempts, you can try to submit your project directly along with the synopsis again. once your synopsis is approved, you can now begin working on your project. the project report is usually 10,000 - 15,000 words in length. (approx. 80-100 pages). it should have a cover page, various annexure formats, a table of contents, acknowledgment, and the main sections. it must also contain a bibliography at the end. the deadlines to submit are usually 31st may for june exams and 30th november for december exams. , preparing the mesp-001 report for master of arts (education) is a complex process. in order to make things easy for you, check out the below reference materials and templates to help build the project report., step 5: submit your mesp-001 project / dissertation report, once your maedu project report is ready and approved by your supervisor, make sure it has his or her signature on it. you can make and submit your projects in handwritten as well as printed (typed) format. we highly recommend students to make it using microsoft word as it appears more professional and it is easier for the teachers to evaluate. you must submit your final reports to:.

Registrar, Student Evaluation Division (SED), Block-12, Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) Maidan Garhi New Delhi - 110 068 Reports can also be submitted online on IGNOU's portal mentioned below:

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The University has decided to introduce and adopt “Online Mode” to submit final Project/Dissertation/Practicum Files/Internship Report to facilitate the learners. The detailed guidelines for the learners are as under:

The learners are expected to prepare the Project Report based on the approved Project proposal wherever applicable as per the new project guidelines.

to the concerned School (the correspondence address is available at) www.ignou.ac.in > about IGNOU > School of Studies (E-mail ID of all Faculties are available at http://www.ignou.ac.in/ignou/aboutignou/school). The fee is to be submitted by the students along with the Term End Examination form.
The Student must submit the copy of the receipt of fee paid along with the Project Report at the time of submission of Hardcopy or by uploading it in the online portal.
(If fee is not paid along with TEE form, the Project Report will not be considered for evaluation)

IGNOUHelp.in

A Leading Portal for IGNOU Students

IGNOU Study Material & Books 2024 (eGyankosh) (UPDATED)

IGNOU Study Materials & Books for All Courses – The university provides IGNOU study materials in the form of printed copies as well as soft copies. The students have a choice to either opt for printed books or online books at the time of admission or re-registration in IGNOU. The students who choose the option of digital study materials can explore the latest and updated list of IGNOU Study Materials online. Here we have covered the almost entire list of Books and Materials of IGNOU offered courses so please find your program from the list and get started to download your books for free of cost. You just need to search the program in which you took admission from IGNOU University.

Our motto is to provide and promote digital study materials among IGNOU Students so that they don’t need to depend on printed or hard books. IGNOU E-Books will help you prepare for the examination from anywhere and at any time even if you are traveling. The student also has the option to opt for a soft copy of study materials if they don’t want printed material from IGNOU but rather prefer to use online books.

IGNOU Study Material & Books 2024

IGNOU University sends the physical study materials to the students after their admission is approved by the university. Furthermore, the fees for their printed study materials are included in the admission fees. However, it may take some time to deliver your books to your address and it’s sometimes delayed in delivering to student’s addresses which can affect your study. We have found a way to resolve all these issues and started to upload the digital books of IGNOU at the IGNOUHelp site.

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You Can Also Read:

IGNOU Study Material Status 2024 (UPDATED)
IGNOU Assignment 2024 (Questions)
IGNOU Solved Assignment 2024

IGNOU Online Study Material is available for free of cost so you can download any of the books without any downloading limit. All study materials available in our section come in PDF format. IGNOU Online Books helps students to read ebooks at any time and any place. You don’t need to keep physical books with you while you are moving or you are traveling. You can read materials from our portal from anywhere at your convenience.

All materials are available here free of cost. Our objective is to provide complete materials for all courses to our candidates so they can learn online and complete their studies with a new modern way of education. It will be helpful for the preparation of your examination to get good marks and grades.

We have categorized the list of IGNOU Study Materials/Books in the Master’s Degree, Bachelor’s Degree, Post Graduate, Diploma, and Certificate Courses, etc to make it easier for IGNOU students to find their program and download their required materials in less duration of time.

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please upload MA Arabic (MAARB) Study material

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Kindly update or post study materials for IGNOU PGCMDM course…

MSCGG study material?????

11th class modern world history book not available, please provide book soon

is there no any content for msc maths

kindly provide MSC chemistry notes as soon as possible.

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why there is no material for msc physics?

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where is the Msc physics study material

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Your Article Library

Contents of the research report.

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After reading this article you will learn about the contents of a research report. It includes:- 1. Introduction 2. Method 3. Results of the Study 4. Discussion 5. Summary or Abstract 6. References 7. Appendix.

1. Introduction:

The research report should ordinarily start with a statement of the problem selected for investigation. The reporter should introduce the background and nature of the problem under investigation.

Although quite a few times the study might be posing a simple empirical question about human behaviour or might be directed toward a practical problem or some policy-issue, the researcher must place the question or the issue into a larger, theoretical or practical context. This helps the readers to appreciate why the problem is of a general significance and theoretic import.

If the enquiry was planned with a view to making some contribution to certain aspects of social theory, the reporter should summarise the theory or conceptual scheme within which the reporter/researcher is working. Regardless of the nature of the study, it is important that an intelligent but, may be, a non-professional person would be able to understand the nature of problem and appreciate its larger relevance.

The report should not contain a lot of jargon except when there is no feasible alternative to it, certain constraints warranting its use. The reader is not always prepared to intelligibly appreciate the problem of research, he is often not conversant with the relevant theoretic structure.

Hence, it is important that the general reader is gradually led up to the formal theoretic statement of the problem. Intelligible examples are necessary for illustrating theoretic ideas and the technical terms.

It is extremely desirable that a summary of the current state of knowledge in the area of investigation is presented, once the problem of the study is explained. The summary should comprise allusions to the previous researches conducted in the problem-area, and pertinent theories relating to the phenomena (if any).

A researcher must have familiarized himself with the previous work in the field before designing the study. Most of the literature search should have been done by the time the researcher is ready to write the report.

If the researcher was required to recast his study in a somewhat different framework than his initial problem would warrant, he would need to give references he had not previously consulted.

That is, he will be obliged to go back to the literature which in the light of the above shift has become relevant. Review of previous work should comprise only the pertinent findings and insights relating to the issue the researcher is dealing with.

If such a review article already exists, the researcher will do well to simply address his readers to the review article and present only the bare highlights in the report. Books and articles need to be cited with the author’s last name and year of publication.

Towards the end of the section on introduction, it is desirable that the researcher introduces his own study in a brief overview. This affords a smooth transition into the method section which follows the introductory section.

2. Method (Design of Study):

The readers of the report do like to know in detail how the research was carried out and what its basic design was like. Suppose the research involved experimentation, the readers would like to know the nature of experimental manipulation; the method and points at which measurements were taken and so on.

The readers also need to know, in case of the descriptive and exploratory studies, how the data were collected, the nature of questions asked, the strategies adopted by interviewers during the collection of data, the training they had and the recording procedure adopted for recording of responses.

The readers also need to know how the observations or replies to questions were translated into measures of the variables with which the enquiry was concerned, in the main, e.g., what questions were asked to estimate the degree of ‘commitment’ or alienation.

In regard to the sample covered by the study with a view to arriving at general conclusions about the population which the sample supposedly represents, the readers are expected to be told about the general character of the subjects, the number of them covered by the sample, mode of selection etc.

Information on these points is crucial for understanding the probable limits of generalizability of the findings, i.e., whether there is any justifiable basis for extending the sample findings to the population.

This information can betray the biases of the researcher in selecting the subjects for the study. Thus, the claim of the researcher as to generalizability of findings to population at large could be evaluated.

Although meaningful studies based on a small number of cases barely representing a specifiable population are possible, nevertheless, the number of characteristics of the respondent on which the findings are based must be plainly reported so that readers are enabled to arrive at their own verdict regarding the applicability of the given findings to other groups similarly placed in the social structure.

If the researcher has conducted a complex experiment, the report should include some description of the study as it was seen from the viewpoint of the subjects.

This would involve a description of the subjects, the experimental setting, and the variables assessed. The sequence of events in a chronological order also needs to be presented to the reader, who, in a sense, is carried through the experience as though he was a subject.

Even if the reporter customarily reproduces the complete questionnaire/schedule or testing scales in the appendix to the report, a summary of stimulus items, a sample of questionnaire items and scale-items should be included in this section of the report. All this goes a long way toward giving the reader a feel of what it would have been like to be a subject.

This has an important bearing on the interpretation of study results, and understandably, the reader is placed thereby in a position to judge the worth of the study results. In quite a few studies the subject/participants are called upon to cooperate actively in the research enterprise.

The report should advisedly make a mention of how the participants in the research were compensated for their time and effort and if there was deception practiced on them in the course of the study. Such unethical practices like deception or misinformation about the procedure cannot unfortunately be dispensed with in certain studies.

The readers need to be told how these human participants were told about these practices afterwards, the amount of freedom afforded to subjects in the matter of withdrawing their participation, subjection to threats, concealed observations of them, strategies for protecting their anonymity etc., should also be faithfully reported.

3. Results of the Study:

The section is closed generally with statement that informs the conclusions reached as also the qualifications imposed upon them by the conceptual and practical difficulties faced by the researcher in executing the study-design in a manner he would ideally have desired.

But if the researcher wishes to present different kinds of results before he is able to integrate them or draw any inferences based on them or if he wants to discuss certain matters in the final discussion then the discussion section is better presented separately.

Of course, even here there cannot be a pure results section without an attendant discussion. Before the researcher can present his main results there are, in the main, ‘ two preliminary things that must concern him. Firstly, he needs to present proof that his study has ensured the conditions for testing the hypotheses and/or for answering the research questions.

For example, if the study required of the researcher that he produce two groups radically differing from each other in the character of their emotions, the report must demonstrate that the ratings on the two groups were conclusively different and it was not that the difference occasioned as a matter of chance.

In case the investigation required observers to record behaviour of the judges entrusted with rating the responses, the report should present quantitative proof of reliability of the recordings or ratings.

The result section should usually begin with a discussion on the safeguards and strategies adopted by the researcher to negate bias and unreliability in the course of the study. It is quite possible that some of these matters would have already found a place in the meth od section.

It is equally likely that in some studies discussion on these matters is rightly postponed to the final discussion section, where researcher tries to adduce alternative explanations of the study results.

What should be included at the beginning of the results section so that the readers are satisfied that the stage was successfully set for testing the research hypotheses, is a decision which would be governed by an understanding of the overall state of study results. No hard and fast rules lead to this decision.

Secondly, the method of data-analysis is a matter to be dealt with at the beginning of the results section. The researcher needs to describe the procedure adopted by him in converting his observations into data that may be readily analysed and the procedure adopted for coding and articulation of different observer’s ratings.

The readers must be told next, about the statistical analysis itself. If this analysis was unconventional or unorthodox and warranted certain statistical assumptions, a detailed discussion giving out the rationale for it, is called for. This could be the place in the report to afford the readers an overview of the results section, if it is fairly complicated.

The general rule of reporting research findings is to commence with the central findings and then move on to the more peripheral ones. This rule is also applicable to the sub-sections and it is advisable that the basic findings are stated first, followed by elaborations of them, as needed.

If the beginning is made with the most central results, the progress in reporting should follow the line suggested below:

(1) The researcher should remind the readers in a conceptual mould, about the question he is asking. For example, is democratic classroom atmosphere more conducive to learning by students as compared to the authoritarian atmosphere?

(2) Secondly, the reporter should remind the readers of the actual operations performed or the actual behaviour measured (which was assumed to be the empirical referent of learning or democratic atmosphere, in our example).

(3) The answer to the question which surfaced as a result of the study should be made known to the readers immediately and unequivocally.

(4) Relevant supporting numbers or figures, substantiating the study result should be given out. For example, x 2 = 11.2, df = 2. This should be followed by an elaboration of the overall conclusions. Limitations imposed upon these conclusions by certain factors which might have operated to produce results that may not be expected in a larger class of such situations should be honestly spelt out.

(5) It is necessary that every finding involving a comparison, e.g., between democratic and authoritarian classroom atmospheres, between certain groups or relationship between variables should be accompanied by its statistical level of significance. Failing this, the readers would have no basis of knowing whether or not the findings may be attributed to the chance factor.

The inferential statistics though important, do no constitute the core of the narrative and should be subordinated to the substantive results. The real purpose of descriptive statistics or indices should be to present to the readers the behaviour of people as vividly as possible. Effective reporting aims at giving to the readers a ‘feel’ of the observed behaviour.

(6) Ordinarily, in a detailed research report intended for a knowledgeable readership, every finding considered sufficiently important as to merit some emphasis should be accompanied by a table or graph or figure showing the relevant data. Thus, the reader is in a position to grasp the findings by reading the narration or by looking at the tables or figures, embodying result of interest.

As the writing on the section on results progresses, the reporter should continually keep summarizing and updating the readers’ fund of information lest they should be required to look back time and again, to keep in touch with the major points of the researcher’s thesis.

Towards the end of this section, is demonstrated the statistical reliability of the results. It is often useful to illustrate how particular individuals covered by the study behaved. Besides the illustrative function, this adds richness to the study-findings.

4. Discussion:

Especially for the more complex studies having more abstract and extensive implications, discussion constitutes a separate section. The section on discussion forms a coherent narration with the introductory section of the report.

Concerns of central importance to the researcher in view of his problem and hence embodied in the introduction section should appear again in the discussion for the discussion proceeds from the specific matters about the study through the more abiding and general concerns to the most inclusive generalization the researcher wishes to make.

Each of the new statements made in the discussion section should contribute something fresh to the reader’s understanding of the problem. The inferences that may be drawn from the findings should be clearly presented. These may often be at a high level of abstraction. If this be the case, the conceptual or theoretic linkages would need to be explicated.

Let us take an example. If the investigator has found better performance in terms of learning on the part of students, in classroom situations characterized by a ‘democratic’ atmosphere (democratic atmosphere in the classroom may be said to be characterized tentatively by the freedom allowed to students in respect of choosing the problems for discussion, electing the discussion leader, counter questioning the teacher, etc.), the investigator may conclude that in other situations where such freedom is allowed to participants, i.e., of choosing their problems for discussion or electing their own discussion leader, etc., similar effects will be seen.

However, the researcher may wish to carry his inference to a higher level of abstraction, especially if there is some partially developed theory to which it may be possible to link his finding or if there have been other studies in which the specific phenomena are different but these can be understood in terms of the same abstract principle.

For example, the investigator may find that the teachers in general feel dissatisfied or unhappy despite the improvement in their salary scales because the ‘others’ in comparable jobs whose salary scales too were subjected to an upward revision appear to them to have benefitted more by this scale revision.

The investigator may treat this state of affairs (characterized by dissatisfaction among teachers despite improvement in salary scales) as an instance of the more abstract concept of ‘relative’ deprivation.

On the basis of this abstract concept, the researcher may be able to link up the finding of his study to those of some other study which reported that in a community hit by a natural disaster some people who had themselves suffered loss of property and bereavement went out to help certain other families because the loss and bereavement suffered by these families as viewed by those who went out to help, was much greater compared to their own.

This phenomenon though different from the earlier one in concrete content, can be understood in terms of the same abstract principle which explains the dissatisfaction among teachers despite the increased objective gain.

The people who had incurred loss and bereavement in the second example compared their losses to those of the ‘significant others’ in the community and found that their own losses were much less or that they were much better compared to the ‘others’, and hence developed sympathy for these ‘others’ although objectively viewed, they themselves needed to be sympathized with.

The questions that still lie unanswered may also be alluded to. It is quite in order at this point to compare the results of the study with those reported by other investigators. The possible short-comings of the study should be honestly brought out.

The readers must be told about the conditions that might have limited the extent of legitimate generalization. Here, the readers should be reminded of the characteristics of the sample studied as also about the possibility that it might differ from the ‘population’ or ‘universe’ to which the researcher might want to generalize.

The specific characteristics of the method employed by the researcher which might have influenced the results or some factors that might have led to atypical results merit mention. The researcher should not, however, try to invest long involved long involved theories to explain away every ‘bump’ in the data.

On the contrary, if the study results suggest the beginnings of a new theory which injects amazing clarity into the data and affords a very meaningful view of the problem- area, it would be advisable to rewrite the entire report beginning with the new theory. The aim of scientific reporting is to provide the most informative, instructive and compelling framework for the study right from the first sentence.

5. Summary or Abstract:

In a way, the title of research report itself serve as part of the summary or abstract. Ideally, it conveys the content of the study as accurately and clearly as possible. A potential reader can on this basis decide whether or not to go ahead to read it. Those titles that mention both the dependent and independent variables are obviously the most informative ones.

6. References:

The section on references comprises a list of all books and articles cited in the text of the research report. These books and articles are arranged alphabetically according to the author’s last name, a format that corresponds to the way in which they are cited in a book.

The reference should clearly indicate the name of the author, the title of the book or article, the journal in which it appears, the publisher, place of publication and the year of publication.

7. Appendix:

The appendix to a report consists of copies of materials used in the study, like questionnaire, attitude scale, stimulus materials, drawings of apparatuses, etc. This is expected to help a person who would like to replicate the study.

A second appendix might contain tables of data which are too extensive and seemingly too marginal to be included in the body of the report. This is in the nature of a good turn done to the potential researchers, for this enables them to explore the researcher’s data in fine detail and to answer certain questions about the results that might not have occurred to the researcher.

Principles of a Good Research Report
Research Report: Introduction, Definition and Report Format

Research , Social Research , Research Report , Contents , Contents of the Research Report

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How to Write Research Methodology

What is research methodology.

Research methodology refers to how a learner develops a project work to guarantee the validity and reliability of results that meet the research objectives and goals. We have number of students who come to us and ask “how to write research methodology” of the project work. Here we have tried to mention all the things we have to keep in mind while composing research methodology.

Below are the examples

What information should you gather?
Who do you collect it from (known as sampling design?)
How do you get the information (known as the method of data collection?)
How do we analyze the data (known as “data analysis methods”)

In the Ignou MBA projec t, there is a research methodology section (or part) that will cover the issues discussed above. A good methodological chapter within a project work provides a thorough explanation of the decisions that were made in the methodological area as well as the reason they were chosen.

The methodology chapter must justify the choice of design in a way that demonstrates that the methods and strategies are the best suitable for the research goals and objectives and give reliable and accurate results. A well-designed research methodology will yield solid scientific evidence, while the wrong methodology will not. We’ll examine the most important options for design.

Methodological approaches to different types

The selection of the methodology to employ is based on the field you are researching and the topic of your project work. The method you choose to use must establish an obvious connection to your project and be supported by a review of the literature. If you face any issues with the literature review and want to know how to write a literature review you can check our previous article. Methodological methods can be described as qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods.

Qualitative studies are basically the descriptive studies that gather data by having in-depth conversations and observations. In general, open-ended questions are asked. This produces rich, precise, and descriptive findings. The majority of qualitative studies are subjective and can be useful in exploring cultural and social issues which are hard to measure.

Quantitative research totally depends on the numbers and stats, It categorizes and measures or identifies patterns or relationships. The data can be collected by conducting surveys, or by using questionnaires. The researcher analyses these types of data with the help of tools and uses SPSS software for the statistics part.

Mixed methods employ a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods to present multiple results about one particular issue. This allows triangulation to verify data that come from more the 2 sources.

Data collection

Data collection is the process where students will perform surveys and collect the data. The reason for the method of sampling you’ve selected. It could be used to sample probability (a random sample of the population of your study) as well as a non-probability sample (which does not require the random sample).

Analysis of data

In the case of quantitative research, explain the types of tests you’re planning to run and the reason you’ve decided to use these tests. Methods for data analysis that are popular for quantitative research include:

Statistics that are descriptive (e.g., means, medians, and modes)
Statistics that are inferential (e.g. the correlation or structural equation modeling, regression)

In the case of qualitative research, you must explain how your data are going to be evaluated and support your decision. The most popular methods for data analysis for qualitative research are:

Qualitative analysis of content
Analysis of thematic issues
A discussion analysis
Analysis of narrative Theoretical basis
Interpretative analysis of phenomenology (IPA)

How to Write Scope of the Study of IGNOU MBA Project

How to Write Introduction for Ignou MBA Project

How to Write References in Ignou MBA Project

What are the primary methods of sampling?

As we’ve mentioned before, sampling design is all about selecting the person you’ll gather the data (i.e. you’re sampling). There are numerous options for sampling and the two most popular types of design for sampling are probability sampling as well as non-probability.

Probability sampling refers to the fact that you employ a completely random sample of the population that you’re looking to study (this group is known as “the “population”). If you use completely random sampling, the outcomes of your research are applicable to all people. That is, you can expect similar results across all groups without the need to gather information from all of the participants (which is not always feasible in large numbers).

Non-probability sampling , on contrary, does not use an uncontrolled sample. It could, for instance, be a case of using a convenience sample that is, you’d take a survey or conduct a survey with those who you are able to reach (perhaps your family members, friends, or colleagues at work) instead of a truly random sample (which may be difficult because of the limitations on resources). In the case of non-probability sampling methods, the results can be difficult to generalize.

What shouldn’t be included in the section on research methodology in your Project?

1 – Insignificant details, such as an exhaustive analysis of the methodology (this is a review of literature) or other information which does not help readers’ comprehension of the methods you have chosen to use

2 – A lot of details on the equipment and materials used. If an extensive and comprehensive list is required include it in an appendix

3 – Raw data

Tips to How to Write Research Methodology

1 – Decide what kind of information you’re trying to find. For instance, subjective or objective experimental or interpretive.

2 – A thorough review of the literature is the ideal starting point to choose your method.

3 – Make sure that there is continuity during the entire research process. The validity of your research is contingent upon the authenticity of your research results, the accuracy of the measurements you make and the amount of time it takes to complete the analysis.

4 – Select a method of research that you can carry out. Think about the time and resources available, the feasibility of the research, ethical considerations as well as the accessibility and availability of the equipment needed to accurately measure the phenomena or to answer your thesis.

5 – If you’re having trouble understanding an idea, seek assistance from your instructor, supervisor personnel, or other students.

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The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel

In a volatile world rife with pressures on consumers, from health and the economy to challenges to rights and freedoms and an eroding sense of community, consumers are demanding more from brands.

The relationship between consumers and brands must evolve, as people feel more vulnerable, and their expectations of brands grow. The 2023 Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report: The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel tells us that consumers are looking for ongoing engagement after the point of purchase and their need for trust grows with feelings of vulnerability.

Featured Content

Gen z on gen z: the collapse of the purchase funnel.

Giselle Huasipoma and Gabe Gomez, Edelman Gen Z Lab ambassadors, sit down to unpack findings from the Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report: The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel. They discuss Gen Z asking more questions throughout their purchasing journeys, the future of online versus brick-and-mortar retail experiences, and why they don't want to be "ghosted" by brands.

Personal and societal threats have led to a more discerning consumer

are more price conscious

are doing more research before they buy

are making fewer impulse purchases

say there are brands they will not buy because of the countries in which they are HQ'd

Gen Z is impacting the entire buying ecosystem

79% of Gen Z say it’s more important than ever to trust the brands they buy, more than any other generation surveyed

68% of consumers say Gen Z influences where and how they shop, with a staggering 12-point increase in one year on those age 59+

The purchase funnel no longer reflects the modern brand-consumer relationship

Purchase is just the beginning

of consumers say that they uncover things that attract them to a brand and drive loyalty after the first purchase .

1. Purchase is often the starting point

2. ongoing engagement builds attraction, 3. brand action builds trust, 4. trust drives growth.

Trusted brands are rewarded with purchase, loyalty and advocacy

are more likely to purchase new products when they trust the brand, even irrespective of price

are more likely to stay loyal to and advocate for a brand they trust

Building Brands in a Vulnerable World

Move beyond the funnel.

Today’s consumers want an ongoing relationship with brands, and most consideration happens after the purchase. Build your brand and measurement strategy around the Trust Loop.

Work with Z, don’t underestimate them

Gen Z is changing the face of global commerce. They are pragmatic and highly influential. Even if they’re not your target, work with them to unlock consumer action at scale.

Make trust your growth engine

With trust, brand action fuels consumer action – buying, advocacy and loyalty. Through a reciprocal relationship that builds trust, you can unlock growth.

Featured Insights

Trust and Brands: The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel

Richard Edelman, CEO.

Edelman’s most recent Trust Barometer special report, The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel, finds that today’s buying behavior is too dynamic for a linear funnel and that purchase is no longer the end point but the start of an ongoing relationship with the consumer.

Three Mandates Marketers Must Adopt to Build Brand Trust in 2023

Jackie Cooper, Global Chief Brand Officer & Senior Advisor.

When we ask ourselves, what has really changed in the last year? The truth is that everything has. Consumers are feeling the pressure from every corner of our world - from the micro, everyday things like paying their bills to the macro, big picture things, like the smog outside their city windows..

Gen Z Harnesses Vulnerabilities, Asking Brands to Stand Up for All Consumers

Bianca Brown, Senior Account Executive and a U.K. Ambassador to Edelman’s Gen Z Lab, in conversation with Ellie Smith, Content Supervisor at the Edelman Trust Institute.

The Edelman Trust Institute sat down with Bianca Brown, Senior Account Executive and a U.K. Ambassador to Edelman’s Gen Z Lab, to discuss findings about Gen Z in the 2023 Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report: The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel.

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Methodology.

Fieldwork conducted: May 1 – May 12, 2023

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New ad hits North Carolina Republican Mark Robinson for anti-abortion comments that women didn’t keep their ‘skirt down’

Mark Robinson speaks points while speaking

North Carolina Attorney General Josh Stein, a Democrat who is running for governor against Republican Lt. Gov. Mark Robinson, plans to launch his first two television ads on Tuesday, one of which attacks his opponents’ views on abortion in the high-stakes battleground race , according to a campaign official who shared the ads exclusively with NBC News.

One 30-second ad , titled “Listen,” features Robinson, who has been an outspoken critic of abortion rights, talking on a Facebook Live stream in 2019 and railing against the procedure, the campaign official said.

“Abortion in this country is not about protecting the lives of mothers,” Robinson says in the clip used in the ad. “It is about killing the child because you weren’t responsible enough to keep your skirt down.”

The ad, which is part of a seven-figure buy by Stein’s campaign, also features Robinson appearing to say if he was governor and had a “willing” state legislature, he would sign legislation into law that bans abortion “for any reason.”

The Robinson campaign argued the ad took those comments out of context. In the interview from 2023 featured in the ad, Robinson went on to say banning all abortions would not prevent them from happening and that he’d want to pass a “heartbeat” bill, which would ban abortions after roughly six weeks of pregnancy.

The spot also features Robinson saying: “For me there is no compromise on abortion. It makes no difference to me why or how that child ended up in that womb.”

Stein, who has been an outspoken supporter of abortion rights, has vowed to defend access to the procedure and women’s reproductive freedoms.

“This November, North Carolinians will have a stark choice between a safer, stronger North Carolina with Josh Stein or Mark Robinson’s focus on stripping women of their reproductive freedoms and a vision for division that will kill jobs,” Jeff Allen, Stein’s campaign manager, said in a statement. “Over the next five months, we are prepared to make sure every North Carolinian knows the stakes of this race — and we’re just getting started.”

When asked for comment about Stein’s attacks on Robinson’s abortion stances, Mike Lonergan, the communications director for Robinson’s campaign, said Robinson is “pro-life” because of the “painful and difficult” experience he and his wife had when they decided to get an abortion in 1989. Robinson has since said the decision to have an abortion was “wrong.”

“He’s said that as governor he would sign a heartbeat bill with exceptions for rape, incest and when the life of the mother is in danger,” Lonergan said in a statement of Robinson. “Lt. Gov. Robinson also wants to turn North Carolina into a destination state for life by doing more to support women that choose life; like improving our foster-care and adoption systems; and preserving access to IVF.”

Lonergan also attacked President Joe Biden and the Democratic Party as a whole for their stances on abortion.

“Biden, Stein and the Democrats are recycling their same old playbook they used in 2022,” Lonergan said in the statement. “It failed then and it will fail now. North Carolina voters don’t support the Biden-Stein agenda of taxpayer-funded, late-term abortion on-demand. That’s extreme and out of step with our state’s values.”

The second ad from the Stein campaign Tuesday focuses on his work on rape kit backlogs and the fentanyl crisis as North Carolina attorney general.

Yamiche Alcindor is an NBC News Washington correspondent.

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B2B Content Marketing Benchmarks, Budgets, and Trends: Outlook for 2024 [Research]

by Stephanie Stahl
| Published: October 18, 2023
| Trends and Research

Creating standards, guidelines, processes, and workflows for content marketing is not the sexiest job.

But setting standards is the only way to know if you can improve anything (with AI or anything else).

Here’s the good news: All that non-sexy work frees time and resources (human and tech) you can apply to bring your brand’s strategies and plans to life.

But in many organizations, content still isn’t treated as a coordinated business function. That’s one of the big takeaways from our latest research, B2B Content Marketing Benchmarks, Budgets, and Trends: Outlook for 2024, conducted with MarketingProfs and sponsored by Brightspot .

A few symptoms of that reality showed up in the research:

Marketers cite a lack of resources as a top situational challenge, the same as they did the previous year.
Nearly three-quarters (72%) say they use generative AI, but 61% say their organization lacks guidelines for its use.
The most frequently cited challenges include creating the right content, creating content consistently, and differentiating content.

I’ll walk you through the findings and share some advice from CMI Chief Strategy Advisor Robert Rose and other industry voices to shed light on what it all means for B2B marketers. There’s a lot to work through, so feel free to use the table of contents to navigate to the sections that most interest you.

Note: These numbers come from a July 2023 survey of marketers around the globe. We received 1,080 responses. This article focuses on answers from the 894 B2B respondents.

Team structure
Content marketing challenges

Content types, distribution channels, and paid channels

Social media

Content management and operations

Measurement and goals
Overall success
Budgets and spending
Top content-related priorities for 2024
Content marketing trends for 2024

Action steps

Methodology, ai: 3 out of 4 b2b marketers use generative tools.

Of course, we asked respondents how they use generative AI in content and marketing. As it turns out, most experiment with it: 72% of respondents say they use generative AI tools.

But a lack of standards can get in the way.

“Generative AI is the new, disruptive capability entering the realm of content marketing in 2024,” Robert says. “It’s just another way to make our content process more efficient and effective. But it can’t do either until you establish a standard to define its value. Until then, it’s yet just another technology that may or may not make you better at what you do.”

So, how do content marketers use the tools today? About half (51%) use generative AI to brainstorm new topics. Many use the tools to research headlines and keywords (45%) and write drafts (45%). Fewer say they use AI to outline assignments (23%), proofread (20%), generate graphics (11%), and create audio (5%) and video (5%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: B2B marketers use generative AI for various content tasks.

Some marketers say they use AI to do things like generate email headlines and email copy, extract social media posts from long-form content, condense long-form copy into short form, etc.

Only 28% say they don’t use generative AI tools.

Most don’t pay for generative AI tools (yet)

Among those who use generative AI tools, 91% use free tools (e.g., ChatGPT ). Thirty-eight percent use tools embedded in their content creation/management systems, and 27% pay for tools such as Writer and Jasper.

AI in content remains mostly ungoverned

Asked if their organizations have guidelines for using generative AI tools, 31% say yes, 61% say no, and 8% are unsure.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Many B2B organizations lack guidelines for generative AI tools.

We asked Ann Handley , chief content officer of MarketingProfs, for her perspective. “It feels crazy … 61% have no guidelines? But is it actually shocking and crazy? No. It is not. Most of us are just getting going with generative AI. That means there is a clear and rich opportunity to lead from where you sit,” she says.

“Ignite the conversation internally. Press upon your colleagues and your leadership that this isn’t a technology opportunity. It’s also a people and operational challenge in need of thoughtful and intelligent response. You can be the AI leader your organization needs,” Ann says.

Why some marketers don’t use generative AI tools

While a lack of guidelines may deter some B2B marketers from using generative AI tools, other reasons include accuracy concerns (36%), lack of training (27%), and lack of understanding (27%). Twenty-two percent cite copyright concerns, and 19% have corporate mandates not to use them.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Reasons why B2B marketers don't use generative AI tools.

How AI is changing SEO

We also wondered how AI’s integration in search engines shifts content marketers’ SEO strategy. Here’s what we found:

31% are sharpening their focus on user intent/answering questions.
27% are creating more thought leadership content.
22% are creating more conversational content.

Over one-fourth (28%) say they’re not doing any of those things, while 26% say they’re unsure.

AI may heighten the need to rethink your SEO strategy. But it’s not the only reason to do so, as Orbit Media Studios co-founder and chief marketing officer Andy Crestodina points out: “Featured snippets and people-also-ask boxes have chipped away at click-through rates for years,” he says. “AI will make that even worse … but only for information intent queries . Searchers who want quick answers really don’t want to visit websites.

“Focus your SEO efforts on those big questions with big answers – and on the commercial intent queries,” Andy continues. “Those phrases still have ‘visit website intent’ … and will for years to come.”

Will the AI obsession ever end?

Many B2B marketers surveyed predict AI will dominate the discussions of content marketing trends in 2024. As one respondent says: “AI will continue to be the shiny thing through 2024 until marketers realize the dedication required to develop prompts, go through the iterative process, and fact-check output . AI can help you sharpen your skills, but it isn’t a replacement solution for B2B marketing.”

Back to table of contents

Team structure: How does the work get done?

Generative AI isn’t the only issue affecting content marketing these days. We also asked marketers about how they organize their teams .

Among larger companies (100-plus employees), half say content requests go through a centralized content team. Others say each department/brand produces its own content (23%), and the departments/brand/products share responsibility (21%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: In large organizations, requests for B2B content often go through a central team.

Content strategies integrate with marketing, comms, and sales

Seventy percent say their organizations integrate content strategy into the overall marketing sales/communication/strategy, and 2% say it’s integrated into another strategy. Eleven percent say content is a stand-alone strategy for content used for marketing, and 6% say it’s a stand-alone strategy for all content produced by the company. Only 9% say they don’t have a content strategy. The remaining 2% say other or are unsure.

Employee churn means new teammates; content teams experience enlightened leadership

Twenty-eight percent of B2B marketers say team members resigned in the last year, 20% say team members were laid off, and about half (49%) say they had new team members acclimating to their ways of working.

While team members come and go, the understanding of content doesn’t. Over half (54%) strongly agree, and 30% somewhat agree the leader to whom their content team reports understands the work they do. Only 11% disagree. The remaining 5% neither agree nor disagree.

And remote work seems well-tolerated: Only 20% say collaboration was challenging due to remote or hybrid work.

Content marketing challenges: Focus shifts to creating the right content

We asked B2B marketers about both content creation and non-creation challenges.

Content creation

Most marketers (57%) cite creating the right content for their audience as a challenge. This is a change from many years when “creating enough content” was the most frequently cited challenge.

One respondent points out why understanding what audiences want is more important than ever: “As the internet gets noisier and AI makes it incredibly easy to create listicles and content that copy each other, there will be a need for companies to stand out. At the same time, as … millennials and Gen Z [grow in the workforce], we’ll begin to see B2B become more entertaining and less boring. We were never only competing with other B2B content. We’ve always been competing for attention.”

Other content creation challenges include creating it consistently (54%) and differentiating it (54%). Close to half (45%) cite optimizing for search and creating quality content (44%). About a third (34%) cite creating enough content to keep up with internal demand, 30% say creating enough content to keep up with external demand, and 30% say creating content that requires technical skills.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: B2B marketers' content creation challenges.

Other hurdles

The most frequently cited non-creation challenge, by far, is a lack of resources (58%), followed by aligning content with the buyer’s journey (48%) and aligning content efforts across sales and marketing (45%). Forty-one percent say they have issues with workflow/content approval, and 39% say they have difficulty accessing subject matter experts. Thirty-four percent say it is difficult to keep up with new technologies/tools (e.g., AI). Only 25% cite a lack of strategy as a challenge, 19% say keeping up with privacy rules, and 15% point to tech integration issues.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Situational challenges B2B content creation teams face.

We asked content marketers about the types of content they produce, their distribution channels , and paid content promotion. We also asked which formats and channels produce the best results.

Effective content types and formats

Which formats are most effective? Fifty-three percent say case studies/customer stories and videos deliver some of their best results. Almost as many (51%) names thought leadership e-books or white papers, 47% short articles, and 43% research reports.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Types of content that produce the best results for B2B marketers.

Effective content distribution channels

Which channels perform the best? Most marketers in the survey point to in-person events (56%) and webinars (51%) as producing better results. Email (44%), organic social media platforms (44%), blogs (40%) and email newsletters (39%) round out the list.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Distributions channels that produce the best results for B2B marketers.

Effective paid content channels

SEM/pay-per-click produces good results, according to 62% of those surveyed. Half of those who use paid channels say social media advertising/promoted posts produce good results, followed by sponsorships (49%), partner emails (36%), and digital display advertising (34%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Paid channels that produce the best results for B2B marketers.

Social media use: One platform rises way above

When asked which organic social media platforms deliver the best value for their organization, B2B marketers picked LinkedIn by far (84%). Only 29% cite Facebook as a top performer, 22% say YouTube, and 21% say Instagram. Twitter and TikTok see 8% and 3%, respectively.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: LinkedIn delivers the best value for B2B marketers.

So it makes sense that 72% say they increased their use of LinkedIn over the last 12 months, while only 32% boosted their YouTube presence, 31% increased Instagram use, 22% grew their Facebook presence, and 10% increased X and TikTok use.

Which platforms are marketers giving up? Did you guess X? You’re right – 32% of marketers say they decreased their X use last year. Twenty percent decreased their use of Facebook, with 10% decreasing on Instagram, 9% pulling back on YouTube, and only 2% decreasing their use of LinkedIn.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: B2B marketers' use of organic social media platforms in the last 12 months.

Interestingly, we saw a significant rise in B2B marketers who use TikTok: 19% say they use the platform – more than double from last year.

To explore how teams manage content, we asked marketers about their technology use and investments and the challenges they face when scaling their content .

Content management technology

When asked which technologies they use to manage content, marketers point to:

Analytics tools (81%)
Social media publishing/analytics (72%)
Email marketing software (69%)
Content creation/calendaring/collaboration/workflow (64%)
Content management system (50%)
Customer relationship management system (48%)

But having technology doesn’t mean it’s the right technology (or that its capabilities are used). So, we asked if they felt their organization had the right technology to manage content across the organization.

Only 31% say yes. Thirty percent say they have the technology but aren’t using its potential, and 29% say they haven’t acquired the right technology. Ten percent are unsure.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Many B2B marketers lack the right content management technology.

Content tech spending will likely rise

Even so, investment in content management technology seems likely in 2024: 45% say their organization is likely to invest in new technology, whereas 32% say their organization is unlikely to do so. Twenty-three percent say their organization is neither likely nor unlikely to invest.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Nearly half of B2B marketers expect investment in additional content management technology in 2024.

Scaling content production

We introduced a new question this year to understand what challenges B2B marketers face while scaling content production .

Almost half (48%) say it’s “not enough content repurposing.” Lack of communication across organizational silos is a problem for 40%. Thirty-one percent say they have no structured content production process, and 29% say they lack an editorial calendar with clear deadlines. Ten percent say scaling is not a current focus.

Among the other hurdles – difficulty locating digital content assets (16%), technology issues (15%), translation/localization issues (12%), and no style guide (11%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Challenges B2B marketers face while scaling content production.

For those struggling with content repurposing, content standardization is critical. “Content reuse is the only way to deliver content at scale. There’s just no other way,” says Regina Lynn Preciado , senior director of content strategy solutions at Content Rules Inc.

“Even if you’re not trying to provide the most personalized experience ever or dominate the metaverse with your omnichannel presence, you absolutely must reuse content if you are going to deliver content effectively,” she says.

“How to achieve content reuse ? You’ve probably heard that you need to move to modular, structured content. However, just chunking your content into smaller components doesn’t go far enough. For content to flow together seamlessly wherever you reuse it, you’ve got to standardize your content. That’s the personalization paradox right there. To personalize, you must standardize.

“Once you have your content standards in place and everyone is creating content in alignment with those standards, there is no limit to what you can do with the content,” Regina explains.

Why do content marketers – who are skilled communicators – struggle with cross-silo communication? Standards and alignment come into play.

“I think in the rush to all the things, we run out of time to address scalable processes that will fix those painful silos, including taking time to align on goals, roles and responsibilities, workflows, and measurement,” says Ali Orlando Wert , senior director of content strategy at Appfire. “It takes time, but the payoffs are worth it. You have to learn how to crawl before you can walk – and walk before you can run.”

Measurement and goals: Generating sales and revenue rises

Almost half (46%) of B2B marketers agree their organization measures content performance effectively. Thirty-six percent disagree, and 15% neither agree nor disagree. Only 3% say they don’t measure content performance.

The five most frequently used metrics to assess content performance are conversions (73%), email engagement (71%), website traffic (71%), website engagement (69%), and social media analytics (65%).

About half (52%) mention the quality of leads, 45% say they rely on search rankings, 41% use quantity of leads, 32% track email subscribers, and 29% track the cost to acquire a lead, subscriber, or customer.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Metrics B2B marketers rely on most to evaluate content performance.

The most common challenge B2B marketers have while measuring content performance is integrating/correlating data across multiple platforms (84%), followed by extracting insights from data (77%), tying performance data to goals (76%), organizational goal setting (70%), and lack of training (66%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: B2B marketers' challenges with measuring content performance.

Regarding goals, 84% of B2B marketers say content marketing helped create brand awareness in the last 12 months. Seventy-six percent say it helped generate demand/leads; 63% say it helped nurture subscribers/audiences/leads, and 58% say it helped generate sales/revenue (up from 42% the previous year).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Goals B2B marketers achieved by using content marketing in the last 12 months.

Success factors: Know your audience

To separate top performers from the pack, we asked the B2B marketers to assess the success of their content marketing approach.

Twenty-eight percent rate the success of their organization’s content marketing approach as extremely or very successful. Another 57% report moderate success and 15% feel minimally or not at all successful.

The most popular factor for successful marketers is knowing their audience (79%).

This makes sense, considering that “creating the right content for our audience” is the top challenge. The logic? Top-performing content marketers prioritize knowing their audiences to create the right content for those audiences.

Top performers also set goals that align with their organization’s objectives (68%), effectively measure and demonstrate content performance (61%), and show thought leadership (60%). Collaboration with other teams (55%) and a documented strategy (53%) also help top performers reach high levels of content marketing success.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Top performers often attribute their B2B content marketing success to knowing their audience.

We looked at several other dimensions to identify how top performers differ from their peers. Of note, top performers:

Are backed by leaders who understand the work they do.
Are more likely to have the right content management technologies.
Have better communication across organizational silos.
Do a better job of measuring content effectiveness.
Are more likely to use content marketing successfully to generate demand/leads, nurture subscribers/audiences/leads, generate sales/revenue, and grow a subscribed audience.

Little difference exists between top performers and their less successful peers when it comes to the adoption of generative AI tools and related guidelines. It will be interesting to see if and how that changes next year.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Key areas where B2 top-performing content marketers differ from their peers.

Budgets and spending: Holding steady

To explore budget plans for 2024, we asked respondents if they have knowledge of their organization’s budget/budgeting process for content marketing. Then, we asked follow-up questions to the 55% who say they do have budget knowledge.

Content marketing as a percentage of total marketing spend

Here’s what they say about the total marketing budget (excluding salaries):

About a quarter (24%) say content marketing takes up one-fourth or more of the total marketing budget.
Nearly one in three (29%) indicate that 10% to 24% of the marketing budget goes to content marketing.
Just under half (48%) say less than 10% of the marketing budget goes to content marketing.

Content marketing budget outlook for 2024

Next, we asked about their 2024 content marketing budget. Forty-five percent think their content marketing budget will increase compared with 2023, whereas 42% think it will stay the same. Only 6% think it will decrease.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: How B2B content marketing budgets will change in 2024.

Where will the budget go?

We also asked where respondents plan to increase their spending.

Sixty-nine percent of B2B marketers say they would increase their investment in video, followed by thought leadership content (53%), in-person events (47%), paid advertising (43%), online community building (33%), webinars (33%), audio content (25%), digital events (21%), and hybrid events (11%).

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: Percentage of B2B marketers who think their organization will increase in the following areas in 2024.

The increased investment in video isn’t surprising. The focus on thought leadership content might surprise, but it shouldn’t, says Stephanie Losee , director of executive and ABM content at Autodesk.

“As measurement becomes more sophisticated, companies are finding they’re better able to quantify the return from upper-funnel activities like thought leadership content ,” she says. “At the same time, companies recognize the impact of shifting their status from vendor to true partner with their customers’ businesses.

“Autodesk recently launched its first global, longitudinal State of Design & Make report (registration required), and we’re finding that its insights are of such value to our customers that it’s enabling conversations we’ve never been able to have before. These conversations are worth gold to both sides, and I would imagine other B2B companies are finding the same thing,” Stephanie says.

Content marketing predictions for 2024: AI is top of mind

In another open-ended question, we asked B2B marketers, “What content marketing trends do you predict for 2024?” You probably guessed the most popular trend: AI.

Here are some of the marketers’ comments about how AI will affect content marketing next year:

“We’ll see generative AI everywhere, all the time.”
“There will be struggles to determine the best use of generative AI in content marketing.”
“AI will likely result in a flood of poor-quality, machine-written content. Winners will use AI for automating the processes that support content creation while continuing to create high-quality human-generated content.”
“AI has made creating content so easy that there are and will be too many long articles on similar subjects; most will never be read or viewed. A sea of too many words. I predict short-form content will have to be the driver for eyeballs.”

Other trends include:

Greater demand for high-quality content as consumers grow weary of AI-generated content
Importance of video content
Increasing use of short video and audio content
Impact of AI on SEO

Among the related comments:

“Event marketing (webinars and video thought leadership) will become more necessary as teams rely on AI-generated written content.”
“AI will be an industry sea change and strongly impact the meaning of SEO. Marketers need to be ready to ride the wave or get left behind.”
“Excitement around AI-generated content will rise before flattening out when people realize it’s hard to differentiate, validate, verify, attribute, and authenticate. New tools, processes, and roles will emerge to tackle this challenge.”
“Long-form reports could start to see a decline. If that is the case, we will need a replacement. Logically, that could be a webinar or video series that digs deeper into the takeaways.”

What does this year’s research suggest B2B content marketers do to move forward?

I asked CMI’s Robert Rose for some insights. He says the steps are clear: Develop standards, guidelines, and playbooks for how to operate – just like every other function in business does.

“Imagine if everyone in your organization had a different idea of how to define ‘revenue’ or ‘profit margin,’” Robert says. “Imagine if each salesperson had their own version of your company’s customer agreements and tried to figure out how to write them for every new deal. The legal team would be apoplectic. You’d start to hear from sales how they were frustrated that they couldn’t figure out how to make the ‘right agreement,’ or how to create agreements ‘consistently,’ or that there was a complete ‘lack of resources’ for creating agreements.”

Just remember: Standards can change along with your team, audiences, and business priorities. “Setting standards doesn’t mean casting policies and templates in stone,” Robert says. “Standards only exist so that we can always question the standard and make sure that there’s improvement available to use in setting new standards.”

He offers these five steps to take to solidify your content marketing strategy and execution:

Direct. Create an initiative that will define the scope of the most important standards for your content marketing. Prioritize the areas that hurt the most. Work with leadership to decide where to start. Maybe it’s persona development. Maybe you need a new standardized content process. Maybe you need a solid taxonomy. Build the list and make it a real initiative.
Define . Create a common understanding of all the things associated with the standards. Don’t assume that everybody knows. They don’t. What is a white paper? What is an e-book? What is a campaign vs. an initiative? What is a blog post vs. an article? Getting to a common language is one of the most powerful things you can do to coordinate better.
Develop . You need both policies and playbooks. Policies are the formal documentation of your definitions and standards. Playbooks are how you communicate combinations of policies so that different people can not just understand them but are ready, willing, and able to follow them.
Distribute . If no one follows the standards, they’re not standards. So, you need to develop a plan for how your new playbooks fit into the larger, cross-functional approach to the content strategy. You need to deepen the integration into each department – even if that is just four other people in your company.
Distill . Evolve your standards. Make them living documents. Deploy technology to enforce and scale the standards. Test. If a standard isn’t working, change it. Sometimes, more organic processes are OK. Sometimes, it’s OK to acknowledge two definitions for something. The key is acknowledging a change to an existing standard so you know whether it improves things.

For their 14 th annual content marketing survey, CMI and MarketingProfs surveyed 1,080 recipients around the globe – representing a range of industries, functional areas, and company sizes — in July 2023. The online survey was emailed to a sample of marketers using lists from CMI and MarketingProfs.

This article presents the findings from the 894 respondents, mostly from North America, who indicated their organization is primarily B2B and that they are either content marketers or work in marketing, communications, or other roles involving content.

Content Marketing Trends for 2024: B2B industry classification, and size of B2B company by employees.

Thanks to the survey participants, who made this research possible, and to everyone who helps disseminate these findings throughout the content marketing industry.

Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute

About Content Marketing Institute

Content Marketing Institute (CMI) exists to do one thing: advance the practice of content marketing through online education and in-person and digital events. We create and curate content experiences that teach marketers and creators from enterprise brands, small businesses, and agencies how to attract and retain customers through compelling, multichannel storytelling. Global brands turn to CMI for strategic consultation, training, and research. Organizations from around the world send teams to Content Marketing World, the largest content marketing-focused event, the Marketing Analytics & Data Science (MADS) conference, and CMI virtual events, including ContentTECH Summit. Our community of 215,000+ content marketers shares camaraderie and conversation. CMI is organized by Informa Connect. To learn more, visit www.contentmarketinginstitute.com .

About MarketingProfs

Marketingprofs is your quickest path to b2b marketing mastery.

More than 600,000 marketing professionals worldwide rely on MarketingProfs for B2B Marketing training and education backed by data science, psychology, and real-world experience. Access free B2B marketing publications, virtual conferences, podcasts, daily newsletters (and more), and check out the MarketingProfs B2B Forum–the flagship in-person event for B2B Marketing training and education at MarketingProfs.com.

About Brightspot

Brightspot , the content management system to boost your business.

Why Brightspot? Align your technology approach and content strategy with Brightspot, the leading Content Management System for delivering exceptional digital experiences. Brightspot helps global organizations meet the business needs of today and scale to capitalize on the opportunities of tomorrow. Our Enterprise CMS and world-class team solves your unique business challenges at scale. Fast, flexible, and fully customizable, Brightspot perfectly harmonizes your technology approach with your content strategy and grows with you as your business evolves. Our customer-obsessed teams walk with you every step of the way with an unwavering commitment to your long-term success. To learn more, visit www.brightspot.com .

Stephanie Stahl

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eGyanKosh: Unit-22 Research Report: Various Components and Structure
eGyanKosh preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets Learn More. ... Unit-22 Research Report: Various Components and Structure: Issue Date: 20-Apr-2017: Publisher: IGNOU: ... IGNOU | Design ...
eGyanKosh: Unit-11 Writing of the Research Report
eGyanKosh preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets Learn More. ... Block-3 Specific Essential aspects in Research: Files in This Item: File Description Size Format ; Unit-11.pdf: 398.94 kB: ... IGNOU | Design & Maintained by: ...
PDF Hand Book for Research Degree Programmes
16. AWARD OF MPHIL/PHD DEGREE. The report of the viva voce examination prepared by the External Examiner and the Research Supervisor(s) will be sent to the Research Unit through the Director of the School concerned. The report shall be placed before the Vice Chancellor for approval of the award of the Degree.
IGNOU Project Report: How To Prepare, Steps for Submission
An IGNOU project report is a comprehensive document that showcases a student's research, analysis, and findings on a particular topic within their field of study. Whether for a Bachelor's, Master's, or other program, IGNOU project reports are a vital component of academic assessment and evaluation.
PDF PhD Guidelines 2020
Research Unit Page 1 Guidelines for PhD Programme (As approved by the Research Council at its 28th Meeting held on 8th September,2020 (In consonance with IGNOU Regulations for Conducting Research Degree Programme) 1. Registration 1.1 Depending upon the position of vacant seats in the various disciplines, admission to Ph.D.
IGNOU MLIS Project Synopsis & Report Guidelines (MLIP-002)
IGNOU MLIS Project Synopsis & Report Guidelines (MLIP-002) IGNOU project work with guidelines, sample pdf download and topics. If you are looking for help with MLIP-002 Project/Dissertation, which is a Compulsory course applicable for Master of Library and Information Sciences (MLIS) programme(s) of IGNOU, you have come to the right place. On this page, you will get verified information on how ...
IGNOU MAEDU Project Synopsis & Report Guidelines (MESP-001)
Step 4: Create your MESP-001 Project / Dissertation Report. While you wait for a letter of approval from your MAEDU programme co-ordinator, you can already begin making your project. Sometimes it may take over a month to hear back from IGNOU. In the worst case, if you do not hear back after repeated attempts, you can try to submit your project ...
IGNOU: Project Report Upload (Instruction)
Up to 4 credit project work : Rs.300. Above 4 credits project work: Rs.500. The fee is to be submitted by the students along with the Term End Examination form. The Student must submit the copy of the receipt of fee paid along with the Project Report at the time of submission of Hardcopy or by uploading it in the online portal.
PDF Indira Gandhi National Open University Research Unit
(9) Name of the Research Supervisor/s : (10) Status of Research : (Progress of the Research in terms of Problem Formulation, Pilot Study, Field Work, Experimentation, Data Collection, Data Analysis, Report Writing, etc. may be given - use additional sheet, if required) (11) Details of Course Work undertaken
IGNOU Study Material & Books 2024 (eGyankosh) (UPDATED)
June 4, 2024 IGNOUHelp. IGNOU Study Materials & Books for All Courses - The university provides IGNOU study materials in the form of printed copies as well as soft copies. The students have a choice to either opt for printed books or online books at the time of admission or re-registration in IGNOU. The students who choose the option of ...
PDF UNIT 19 REPORT WRITING
1)Technical Report: A technical report is used whenever a full written report (ex: Ph.D. thesis) of the study is required either for evaluation or for record keeping or for public dissemination. The main emphasis in a technical report is on : a) the methodology employed. b) the objectives of the study.
Contents of the Research Report
ADVERTISEMENTS: After reading this article you will learn about the contents of a research report. It includes:- 1. Introduction 2. Method 3. Results of the Study 4. Discussion 5. Summary or Abstract 6. References 7. Appendix. 1. Introduction: The research report should ordinarily start with a statement of the problem selected for investigation. The reporter […]
IGNOU MAPC Project Synopsis & Report: (MPCE 16/26/36)
Welcome to our step-by-step instructions for writing an IGNOU MAPC Project Synopsis & Report Dissertation work. We understand the significance of offering high-quality content that not only informs…
How to Write Research Methodology
Tips to How to Write Research Methodology. 1 - Decide what kind of information you're trying to find. For instance, subjective or objective experimental or interpretive. 2 - A thorough review of the literature is the ideal starting point to choose your method. 3 - Make sure that there is continuity during the entire research process.
PDF No. of Printed Pages : 4 RPE-001
Discuss the role of ethics in research. 2. Define publication ethics. Discuss unethical practices prevalent in research publications. Or What is a predatory journal ? State the criteria for identifying it. 3. Describe the resources used to check the publisher copyright and self-archiving policies. Or What is conflict of interest ?
PDF No. of Printed Pages : RPE-001
research. OR 1.2 What do you understand by 'scientific misconduct' ? Explain fabrication and falsification of data. 2.1 Write an essay on ethical issues and challenges in research. OR 2.2 Define publication ethics. Elucidate the issues associated with it. 4
PDF Digital Research Repository
The digital content being created by members of the academic ... A large number of research papers, journal articles and reports are being brought out by the academics and researchers at IGNOU. But presently, it is being noticed that there is no ... Research papers/articles and reports submitted by IGNOU faculty and students. The repository was ...
New Report Reviews Evidence on Long COVID Diagnosis, Risk, Symptoms
The new report says that some health effects of Long COVID, including chronic fatigue and post-exertional malaise, cognitive impairment (sometimes referred to as "brain fog"), and autonomic dysfunction, can impair an individual's ability to work or attend school for six months to two years or more after COVID-19 infection.
eGyanKosh: Unit-10 Preparation of research proposal and research report
Title: Unit-10 Preparation of research proposal and research report writing: Contributors: Boora, Sarika: Issue Date: 2021: Publisher: Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
Researchers plan to retract landmark Alzheimer's paper containing
Authors of a landmark Alzheimer's disease research paper published in Nature in 2006 have agreed to retract the study in response to allegations of image manipulation. University of Minnesota (UMN) Twin Cities neuroscientist Karen Ashe, the paper's senior author, acknowledged in a post on the journal discussion site PubPeer that the paper contains doctored images.
Special Report
The relationship between consumers and brands must evolve, as people feel more vulnerable, and their expectations of brands grow. The 2023 Edelman Trust Barometer Special Report: The Collapse of the Purchase Funnel tells us that consumers are looking for ongoing engagement after the point of purchase and their need for trust grows with feelings ...
Technology Content Marketing Research 2024
Eighty-two percent use thought leadership e-books/white papers, 81% use long articles/posts, 63% use data visualizations/visual content, 62% use product/technical data sheets, and 56% use research reports. Less than half of technology marketers use brochures (45%), interactive content (35%), livestreaming content (34%), and audio content (31%).
PDF Indira Gandhi National Open University
SELF STUDY REPORT 1/ 154 F O R 1s t C Y C L E O F A C C R E D I TAT I O N ... instructional content. IGNOU is the only University that has been exempted from the University Grants Commission (Open and Distance Learning) Regulations, 2017 , and University Grants Commission (Online ... Need for tracer studies on learners and quality research ...
eGyanKosh: Home
eGyanKosh preserves and enables easy and open access to all types of digital content including text, images, moving images, mpegs and data sets ... IGNOU - SWAYAM Course Content. IGNOU YouTube Videos. Indian Journal of Open Learning (IJOL) University Publications. Swayam Prabha Channels The eSLM for different CBCS Courses.
Gazprom badly hurt by Ukraine war, says company-commissioned report
The report estimates that Russia's LNG exports will rise to 98.8-125.8 bcm in 2035 from 40.8 bcm in 2020, and account for about half of total gas exports — increasing the influence of Novatek ...
New ad hits North Carolina Republican Mark Robinson for anti-abortion
Democrat Josh Stein is launching an ad attacking Republican Mark Stein's anti-abortion stance in the North Carolina governor's race.
eGyanKosh: Block-4 Report Writing
Unit-4 Result, Analysis and Discussion of the Data. -. 2017. Unit-5 Summary and Conclusion. -. 2017. Unit-6 References in Research Report. -. Collection's Items (Sorted by Submit Date in Descending order): 1 to 6 of 6.
PDF Indira Gandhi National Open University Research Unit
4. The library shall issue the Plagiarism Report in specified format (Annexure III). The Plagiarism Report shall be signed by the M Phil/ PhD student and the Research Supervisor. This certificate has to be submitted to the Research Unit along with the thesis/ dissertation.
B2B Content Marketing Trends 2024 [Research]
New research into B2B content marketing trends for 2024 reveals specifics of AI implementation, social media use, and budget forecasts, plus content success factors. ... Less than half of marketers use brochures (49%), product or technical data sheets (45%), research reports (36%), interactive content (33%), audio (29%), and livestreaming (25% ...