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Subhas Chandra Bose: Biography of Netaji

Last updated on December 1, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Subhas Chandra Bose was born into a Bengali family in Orissa (1897).

In 1920 he passed the  civil service examination. But he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India.

Subhas’ devotion and zeal to make the country free from the colonial rule were comparable to none and he lived and died working towards the goal of independent India. Subhas Chandra Bose is popularly known by the name ‘Netaji’.

Table of Contents

The early life of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

Birth and family:

Subhas Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Orissa.

His father Janaki Nath Bose was a famous lawyer and his mother’s name was Prabhavati Devi.

He was the ninth child among fourteen siblings.

Subhas Chandra Bose topped the matriculation examination of Calcutta province and graduated with a First Class in Philosophy from the Scottish Churches College in Calcutta.

He was very patriotic and deeply influenced by Swami Vivekananda’s teachings as a student.

He went to England in 1919 to compete for Indian Civil Services. In England, he appeared for the Indian Civil Service competitive examination in 1920 and came out fourth in order of merit.

However, Subhas Chandra Bose left his Civil Services apprenticeship midway to return to India in 1921 as he was deeply disturbed by the Jallianwalla Bagh massacre .

The political life of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose

On his return to India, he came under the influence of Mahatma Gandhi and joined the Indian National Congress.

On Gandhiji’s instructions, he started working under Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, whom he later acknowledged as his political guru.

1923: Subhas Chandra Bose was elected the President of All India Youth Congress and also the Secretary of Bengal State Congress. He was also the editor of the newspaper ‘Forward’, founded by Chittaranjan Das.

1924 : He also served as the CEO of the Calcutta Municipal corporation when Das was the mayor of Calcutta.

1925: He was arrested and sent to prison in Mandalay, where he contracted tuberculosis.

1927: He was released from prison, and later became the general secretary of the Congress party.

1928: The Motilal Nehru Committee appointed by the Congress declared in favour of Domination Status, Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru opposed it. They both asserted that only complete independence for India was acceptable.

Bose also announced the formation of the Independence League.

1930: Subhas Chandra Bose was jailed during the Civil Disobedience Movement . He later became the Mayor of Calcutta.

1931: Bose was released after the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed. He protested against the Gandhi-Irwin pact and the suspension of the Civil Disobedience movement especially when Bhagat Singh and his associates were hanged.

He travelled through Europe after this, establishing centres in different European capitals to promote politico-cultural contacts between India and Europe.

1937: He returned to India and was released after Congress won the general elections.

Subhas Chandra Bose as President Of Indian National Congress Sessions

1938: He was elected President of the Haripura Congress Session (Gujarat), during this term as Congress President; he talked of planning and setting up a National planning Committee in October that year.

1939: He also won the presidential election to the Tripuri Congress session, defeating Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya who had been backed by Mahatma Gandhi and the Congress Working Committee.

This led to the Tripuri Crisis in Congress due to ideological differences between Bose, who had strong leftist thinking and older leaders who were more right-wing thinkers.

As a result, Bose resigned and formed the ‘Forward Bloc’, the left-wing party within the Congress at Unnao in U.P.

1940: When INC organized Individual Satyagraha, Subash Chandra Bose organized an ‘Anti-Compromise Conference’ at Ramgarh, Bihar.

He was arrested by the British shortly afterwards for organizing a protest for the removal of the Holwell Monument (Memorium for Blackhole tragedy of Calcutta). He was later released and placed under House arrest in Calcutta.

Netaji’s Escape from India

1941: Bose escaped house arrest in disguise and travelled out of India. He started garnering support from Nazi Germany and even met Adolf Hitler.

He founded the Free India Center in Berlin and created the Indian Legion (consisting of some 4500 soldiers) out of Indian prisoners of war who had previously fought for the British in North Africa before their capture by Axis forces.

Bose was given the honorific title of Netaji in Germany in 1942 by the Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and officials of the Special Bureau for India in Berlin.

1942-43: World War II was underway, Nazi Germany was losing footing in the west. In the east Japanese were advancing rapidly. In India, Bengal Famine and Quit India movement were raging.

1943: Bose went to Japan after disappointment from Germany.

Bose and Indian National Army (INA)

INA was the brainchild of Japanese Major (and post-war Lieutenant-General) Iwaichi Fujiwara, head of the Japanese intelligence unit. His mission was “to raise an army which would fight alongside the Japanese army.

He first met Pritam Singh Dhillon, the president of the Bangkok chapter of the Indian Independence League, and through Pritam Singh’s network recruited a captured British Indian army captain, Mohan Singh, on the western Malayan peninsula in December 1941.

The First Indian National Army was formed as a result of a discussion between Fujiwara and Mohan Singh.

Rash Behari Bose, another expatriate nationalist leader was also associated with the INA.

1943 : Rash Behari Bose handed over control of the INA to Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose was able to reorganize the fledgling army and organize massive support among the expatriate Indian population in southeast Asia, who lent their support by both enlisting in the Indian National Army, as well as financially in response to Bose’s calls for sacrifice for the independence cause.

INA had a separate women’s unit, the Rani of Jhansi Regiment (named after Rani Lakshmi Bai) headed by Capt. Lakshmi Swaminathan is seen as a first of its kind in Asia.

Bose was able to maintain support for the Azad Hind movement throughout. Bose’s most famous quote was “Give me blood, and I shall give you freedom!” was spoken as a part of a motivational speech for the Indian National Army at a rally of Indians in Burma on 4 July 1944, In this, he urged the people of India to join him in his fight against the British Raj.

1944: An Indian tricolour was raised for the first time in the town of Moirang, Manipur by the INA troops during their support of the Japanese to thrust towards Eastern Indian frontiers.

1945: The United States allied aerial bombing resulted in losses for the Japanese. The Japanese retreat left cut-off INA. Many INA troops were captured in the Battle of Imphal and Kohima.

Japan’s surrender at the end of the war also led to the surrender of the remaining elements of the Indian National Army. The INA prisoners were then repatriated to India and some were tried for treason.

Death of Subhas Chandra Bose

18 th August 1945: As the INA forces were being captured or surrendering, Bose travelled to Tokyo via Taiwan when his plane crashed.

Subhas Chandra Bose was reportedly killed in an air crash over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa) on August 18, 1945.

Though it is widely believed that he was still alive after the air crash, not much information is available regarding this.

The ideology of Subhas Chandra Bose

He was influenced by Bhagavad Gita and believed Gita to be a source of inspiration for the struggle against the British.

Swami Vivekananda’s teachings of universalism, nationalistic thoughts also greatly influenced bose since his young days.

He was attracted to concepts of socialism and communism during his days in the Congress party. But he believed it will work in India if a synthesis between national socialism and communism is established.

He supported the empowerment of women, secularism, and other liberal ideas; but didn’t believe that democracy was the best for India.

Quotes by Subhas Chandra Bose

Bose gave the most famous quote “Give me blood and I will give you freedom”.

Another famous quote was  Dilli Chalo  (On to Delhi), the call he used to give the INA armies to motivate them.

Jai Hind or, Glory to India was another slogan given by him and which was later adopted by the Government of India and the Indian Armed Forces.

He also coined was “Ittihad, Etemad, Qurbani” (Urdu for Unity, Agreement, Sacrifice).

INA also used the slogan Inquilab Zindabad, coined by Maulana Hasrat Mohani

Statue of Netaji at India Gate

The government has decided to   install a grand statue of Netaji Subash Chandra Bose at India Gate to commemorate his 125 th  birth anniversary and as part of the year-long celebrations. The PM inaugurated a hologram at India gate which will be replaced by a statue later on.

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Subhas Chandra Bose

Fitzwilliam Hall, Trumpington Street, Cambridge

Having been schooled in Cuttack, Orissa, where his father worked as a lawyer, Subhas Chandra Bose went to Calcutta in 1913 and joined Presidency College. In 1916, Bose was expelled for his complicity in beating a college tutor, Professor Oaten, whom he had heard had manhandled some Indian students. Bose had been involved in student political groups in Calcutta and received much sympathy for his expulsion. He joined Scottish Church College and graduated in 1919 with a degree in philosophy.

Bose's father proposed to send him to England to study for the Indian Civil Service (ICS). Despite Bose's misgivings about accepting a job under the British Government, he set sail for England in September 1919. Upon arriving in Britain, Bose went up to Cambridge to gain admission. He managed to gain entry to Fitzwilliam Hall, a body for non-collegiate members of the University. Bose took the Mental and Moral Sciences Tripos and studied for the Civil Service exams. He attended the Cambridge Union Society debates and was a member of the Cambridge Majlis . He gave evidence to the Lytton Committee investigating Indian students in the UK, and appealed to the India Office to allow Indians to join the University Officers' Training Corps (without success).

In July 1920, Bose took the ICS exams in London and came fourth. Bose then faced a dilemma as to whether to take up this opportunity and sought advice from his family through correspondence to India. Finally in April 1921, Bose withdrew from taking up this post with the ICS and returned to India in the summer of 1921.

In Calcutta, Bose joined the Indian National Congress and worked with the Bengali leader C. R. Das. Bose was in and out of jail in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s for his political action (often violent) against the British. In the meantime, he rose through the Congress ranks, working with Nehru , and became president of Congress in 1938. Successful again in 1939 against Gandhi 's candidate, Bose then resigned over the selection of the working committee.

In 1941, Bose managed to leave India through Afghanistan. In 1943, Bose was in Japan and supported the Prime Minister's efforts to reconstitute the Indian National Army (INA) and set up the 'Azad Hind' or Free India provisional government. In 1944, the INA and Japanese invaded India but suffered a heavy defeat. Bose fled and was killed in a plane crash over Taiwan in August 1945 - although many of his followers remain(ed) doubtful as to the cause of his death, wondering if he had managed to escape the crash.

Amiya Nath Bose (nephew), Sarat Chandra Bose (brother), K. L. Gauba (contemporary at Cambridge), George Lansbury, Dilip Kumar Roy (contemporary at Cambridge).

Indian National Army

The Indian Struggle, 1920-1934 (London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1935)

Other works, unpublished in his lifetime, can be found in the Collected Works published by the Netaji Research Bureau (see below)

Daily Herald ( The Indian Struggle , 1935)

Manchester Guardian ( The Indian Struggle , 1935)

News Chronicle ( The Indian Struggle , 1935)

Spectator ( The Indian Struggle , 1935)

The Sunday Times  ( The Indian Struggle , 1935)

Bose, Sisir K., and Bose, Sugata (eds), Netaji: Collected Works (Calcutta: Netaji Research Bureau, 1980-2007)

Gordon, Leonard A., Brothers Against the Raj: A Biography of Indian Nationalists Sarat and Subhas Chandra Bose (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990)

Gordon, Leonard A., ‘Bose, Subhas Chandra (1897–1945)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (Oxford University Press, 2004) [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/47756]

Roy, Dilip Kumar, The Subhas I Knew (Bombay: Nalanda, 1946)

Toye, Hugh, The Springing Tiger: A Study of a Revolutionary (London: Cassell, 1959)

Subhas Chandra Bose, An Indian Pilgrim (1937), ed. by Sisir K. Bose and Sugata Bose (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 207.

Letter to his brother, Sarat Chandra Bose, on 22 September 1920, from Leigh-on-Sea when on holiday.

I am here as a paying guest of Mr Bates's family. Mr Bates represents English character at its very best. He is cultured and liberal in his views and cosmopolitan in his sentiments. He is altogether unlike the ordinary run of Englishmen - who are proud, haughty and conceited and to whom everything that is non-English is bad. Mr Bates counts among his friends Russians, Poles, Lithuanians, Irishmen and members of other nationalities. He takes a great interest in Russian, Irish and Indian literature and admires the writings of Romesh Dutt and Tagore.

In this letter Bose is referring to the different types of Englishmen he has met in his time in Britain. He is particularly appreciative of Mr Bates's character. The references to Dutt and Tagore also reveal how Indian literature had been taken into the homes of many English households.

Netaji Research Bureau, Kolkata

Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography for UPSC

Subhash Chandra Bose was a prominent figure of the Indian Freedom Movement and a contemporary of Mahatma Gandhi. Popularly known as ‘Netaji’, he led the revolutionary movement against British authority in India.

A towering personality, stout nationalist, and great visionary, his struggle for freedom paved the path for Indian Independence. His virtues of honesty, integrity and exceptional commitment to accomplishing the vision of his motherland are ingrained in the popular perception of countrymen as the primary reasons for India’s freedom.

This topic is important for Modern Indian History for UPSC. Hasten up your preparation for UPSC 2023 with BYJU’s, and go through Modern History Notes for UPSC for more articles.

In this article, let us understand the life of Subhash Chandra Bose, his relationship with Mahatma Gandhi, his contributions to the Indian Independence Movement, and the factors that led to the formation of the Indian National Army.

Subhash Chandra Bose- Download PDF Here

Early Life of Subhash Chandra Bose

• Subhash Chandra Bose was born on 23rd January 1897 in Cuttack, Orissa. His father, Janakinath Bose, was a lawyer by profession, and his mother, Prabhabati, belonged to the family of Dutts of Hatkhola. Bose was the ninth child of his parents.
• He completed his primary education at Protestant European School, where students followed the Western Education system. He was introduced to the Bible, Latin, good manners, British geography, and British history.No Indian languages were taught as a part of the curriculum. He continued his studies at Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack, where Bengali and Sanskrit were taught. His dedication and focus on studies earned him a second position in the matriculation exam at Calcutta University.
• After learning Philosophy from the Presidency College of Calcutta in 1913, he passed his Bachelor of Arts with honours in Philosophy from Scottish Church College at the University of Calcutta. The ideas of Sri Ramakrishna and Swami Vivekananda on the “doctrine of selfless living” and service to humanity influenced him to the core.
• After completing higher education at Cambridge University, he passed the Covenant Civil Services Examination in August 1920. But, the nationalist turbulence in India prompted him to resign from Civil Services in April 1921. He returned to India in June 1921, leaving behind his dream to join the Indian Civil Services(ICS).

Contribution to Indian Nationalist Movement:

• Subhash Chandra Bose was introduced to Nationalist politics by ‘Deshbandhu’, Chittaranjan Das. Bose was inclined to socialism and revolutionism, rather than the pacifistic methodologies advocated by Mahatma Gandhi. He gave a new impetus to the Non-Cooperation movement led by Mahatma Gandhi, and Gandhi placed him at the forefront of Indian Nationalism in Bengal.
• He initially concentrated on the activities in Bengal under the guidance of Chittaranjan Das, the leader of the Swaraj Party . For Subhash Chandra Bose, Chittaranjan Das was a political mentor, and his ideas on aggressive nationalism were more flexible and oriented with his view of revolutionary politics and liberal ideologies. He worked as a commandant of Congress Volunteers in Bengal by educating and preparing them for the National Movement. In 1921, he was arrested and jailed due to his revolutionary activities.
• After being released, he started the newspaper ‘Swaraj’ and worked for the publicity of the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee. Bose was elected the President of the All India Youth Congress and the Secretary of the Bengal State Congress in 1923. Meanwhile, he worked as an editor of the newspaper “Forward”, founded by Das. He joined a number of protest marches along with leaders like Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi.
• He was elected the chief executive officer of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation. Based on the speculations regarding his connection with the secret revolutionary movements, he was again arrested in 1925 and sent to Mandalay prison in Burma, where he caught Tuberculosis.
• Subhash Chandra Bose was released in 1927 and returned to Bengal in an attempt to strengthen the infirm foundations of the Bengal Congress after the death of Chittaranjan Das. He was elected the president of the Bengal Congress and organised an annual meeting of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta in 1928. As a part of volunteering, he took up the role of General Officer Commanding (GOC) in Congress.
• His ideological congruity with Jawaharlal Nehru in the left-wing faction was quite evident in their actions. Subhash Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru became the general secretaries of the Indian National Congress. After being arrested for Civil Disobedience, he became the Mayor of Calcutta in 1930. He was arrested and released multiple times for his association with the revolutionary group, Bengal Volunteers.
• Around mid – 1930, Subhash Chandra Bose visited Europe, where he met Indian students, politicians, and Benito Mussolini. He wrote the first part of the book,’ Indian Struggle, 1920 – 1934′, covering India’s Independence movement, trying to convince the Britishers of the real cause of the struggle. However, the book got banned in European colonies for fear of unrest.
• In 1938, Subhash Chandra Bose, under his presidency advocated a reorganisation of the Indian National Congress with the two-fold objective of
• Winning Political freedom
• Setting up a socialist regime
• He proclaimed ‘Swaraj’ or self-governance and the use of force against the British. He indeed accepted the nomination as Congress President.

Subhash Chandra Bose and Mahatma Gandhi

• By 1939, Mahatma Gandhi and Subhash Chandra Bose were at extreme poles in their ideologies and strategies for achieving their common aim of Independence. Boss was highly critical of Mahatma Gandhi’s conservative economics and path of non-violence.
• Subhash Chandra Bose proclaimed, “You give me blood, and I will give you freedom”, which was contradictory to Mahatma Gandhi’s formula of dovish resistance. Gandhi opposed the Presidency of Bose, which eventually resulted in a rift within the party, and a cleft between Nehru and Bose.
• Subhash Chandra Bose was elected the president of the Indian National Congress in 1938. He defeated a favoured candidate of Gandhi, Pattabhi Sitaramayya, with the support of Muthuramalingam Thevar, an adherent of Subhash Chandra Bose.
• He formed the National Planning Committee and framed a policy on industrialisation to make India self-sufficient and strong. This policy faced vehement opposition from Mahatma Gandhi, who favoured cottage industries and indigenous products.

Forward Bloc

• Due to the political variances, Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the post of President of INC and founded the Forward Bloc on May 3, 1939, in Bengal. This left-wing nationalist political party was a faction within the Congress party that aimed to consolidate the radical elements and garner support in Bengal. Though formed on 3rd May, it was adopted in the All India Session in Mumbai on June 22, 1939.
• The official committee of the Forward Bloc included Subhash Chandra Bose as president, Sardul Singh Kavishar as the vice president, Lal Shankarlal as the general secretary, Pandit B Tripathi, and Khurshed Nariman as secretaries. U.Muthuramalingam Thevar was also a member of the Forward Bloc.
• Subhash Chandra Bose organised mass protests in Calcutta. He was imprisoned in July 1940 and started fasting until death.He escaped from his residence in Calcutta and fled to Germany via Kabul and Moscow. In Germany, he worked with the Special Bureau for India, which managed the broadcasting services of Azad Hind Radio.
• He formed an Indian legion with 4500 Indian prisoners of war, who fought for the British and were captured by Axis powers. In 1942, after a meeting with Hitler, Subhash Chandra Bose realised their true intentions and understood that the German army was not in a position to aid India to drive out the Britishers. Thus, he left for Japan in February 1943.
• After collaboration with the Axis powers in Germany, he came to Southeast Asia. He took over the leadership of the Indian Independence Movement in East Asia and trained troops with the aid of Japan.

Indian National Army (INA)

• The birth of the Indian National Army (INA) was initiated by the head of a Japanese Intelligence Unit and Mohan Singh, a former British Indian Army captain. The Indian National Army was formed in December 1941. The Japanese handed over the Indian prisoners of war to Mohan Singh to strengthen INA. A prominent Indian revolutionary leader, and organiser of the Ghadar Mutiny, Rash Behari Bose, founded the Indian Independence League with the support of Indians in Southeast Asian countries.
• By 1942, there were 40,000 men in the Indian National Army. However, INA disbanded in December 1942, out of disagreements between the Japanese General and Mohan Singh. Mohan Singh believed that INA was used for Japanese propaganda. He was taken into custody, and INA troops dispersed.
• On October 21, 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose revived the “Indian National Army” or” Azad Hind Fauj” in Singapore. He formed the Provisional government in Singapore for India and became the Supreme Commander of the Indian National Army. The authority of the organisation was handed over to him by Rash Behari Bose.
• With the strong backing of Japan and the expatriate Indian population, soldiers, and allies, he organised a massive army to fight against the British. His huge acceptance among non-native Indians was beneficial in increasing the membership of INA and receiving financial assistance for training the recruits. The women’s unit of INA was called the ‘Rani of Jhansi’ regiment, headed by captain Lakshmi Swaminathan.
• INA re-energised the nationalist movement following the failure of the Quit India Movement in 1942. It was symbolic of unity and valour among Indians.
• In January 1944, the headquarters of INA was shifted to Rangoon. On November 6, 1943, Bose persuaded the Japanese government to give back the Indian Territories controlled by them including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. They were named Shahid Dweep and Swaraj Dweep.INA was also a part of Operation U-Go, a Japanese offensive against the British forces in the North-East regions, including Naga hills and Manipur. Though INA contributed to this operation, it did not thrive in later assignments.
• Subhash Chandra Bose talked to the Indian community through radio and urged them to participate in India’s struggle for Independence. He was the first person to address Mahatma Gandhi as the “Father of the Nation”, through a speech broadcast on Azad Hind radio in 1944.
• An INA battalion under Shah Nawaz became a part of the Japanese army for the Imphal campaign on the Indo-Burma front. However, INA received a setback with the defeat of Japanese forces in Kohima and Imphal.
• The surrender of Japan in the Second World War on August 15, 1945, paved the way for the denouement of the INA. An Indian flag was raised in Kohima in March 1944.
• The Japanese collapse put an end to the Indian National Army.

Read and understand the NCERT Notes on the role played by Subhash Chandra Bose in Indian National Movement from the linked article.

Final Years

• On 18th August 1945 , Subhash Chandra Bose died in a plane crash in Formosa, currently located in Taiwan. There were a lot of speculations and conspiracy theories associated with his death.
• After his death, INA was disbanded completely.

Quotes and slogans

An impressive articulator, Subhash Chandra Bose delivered several speeches that invigorated the spirit of Indians. Some of them are:

• “Give me blood and I will give you freedom” – Bose delivered this speech to the members of the Indian National Army in Burma in 1944.
• Dilli Chalo (“On to Delhi”) – Subhash Chandra Bose gave this slogan to motivate the Indian National Army on 25th July 1943.
• Jai Hind (“Glory to India!” ) – This slogan by Bose was later adopted by the Government of India and the Indian Armed Forces.
• “Ittehad, Etemad, Qurbani” – This slogan by Bose stands for “Unity, Agreement, Sacrifice” in Urdu.

Frequently Asked Questions about Subhash Chandra Bose

Why is Subhash Chandra Bose famous?

Subhash Chandra Bose is known for his vital role in the Indian National Movement. A proponent of revolutionary nationalism and socialist principles, he resuscitated the Indian National Army in 1943.

Who inspired Subhash Chandra Bose?

Subhash Chandra Bose got influenced by the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Swami Vivekananda.

Who revived the Indian National Army?

Rash Behari Bose handed over the Indian National Army to Subhash Chandra Bose in 1943. Also referred to as ‘Azad Hind Fauj’, it was formed by Indian Nationalists to secure Independence from the British.Organised with the assistance of the Japanese, INA found a new life and purpose under Subhash Chanda Bose.

Why did Subhash Chandra Bose find ‘Forward Bloc’?

On May 3, 1939, Subhash Chandra Bose founded the All India Forward Bloc, a separate bloc within Congress, aligned to leftist authoritarianism and socialist ideologies.

Which is the most famous speech of Subhash Chandra Bose?

The most famous speech of Subhash Chandra Bose is “Give me blood, and I will give you freedom!” Bose delivered the speech to the Indian National Army in Burma.

How was Subhash Chandra Bose related to Mahatma Gandhi?

Even Though Bose and Mahatma Gandhi worked for a common cause, their ideologies and methods of resistance were entirely different. Bose emphasised revolutionary movements and aggressiveness, whereas Gandhi advocated the path of non-violence and pacifism.

The birthday of Subhash Chandra Bose is celebrated on which day in India?

The birthday of Subhash Chandra Bose is celebrated as the ‘Parakram Diwas’ in India. It is celebrated on January 23rd.

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography | Short and Long | Untold Story | Life and Legacy

From a young student with a burning passion for freedom to one of the most influential and controversial figures in Indian history, Subhash Chandra Bose’s story is very inspiring. He had relentless pursuit of India’s independence. Here is Subhash Chandra Bose biography. Let’s see how his unwavering commitment to his vision made him a legend. We will see how this iconic leader covered his journey from birth to death,

Subhash Chandra Bose Biography- 100 Words

Subhash Chandra Bose is commonly known as Netaji. He was one of the most prominent leaders in India’s struggle for independence. Since his childhood he had been a brilliant student. His determination has been a source of inspiration for generations. He advocated militant resistance against colonialism. He took controversial decision of seeking help from Axis powers during World War II to achieve India’s freedom. There is no denying that Subhash Chandra Bose played an instrumental role in shaping India’s destiny. He cemented India’s place on the global stage. The story of his struggle is long. He is truly called India’s most legendary freedom fighter. His fierce determination overthrew British rule from India.

Short Essay about Subhash Chandra Bose – 150 Words

Subhash Chandra Bose was a prominent Indian nationalist leader. His role was instrumental in India’s struggle for independence from British rule. Born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, Bose had a keen interest in politics from a young age. He actively participated in the freedom movement. He is best known for his formation of the Indian National Army (INA) during World War II with the help of Japan to fight against British forces. He believed that armed revolution was necessary to achieve India’s independence and he worked tirelessly towards this goal. Bose was not only a great leader but also an intellectual with strong principles and beliefs. His speeches and writings reflected his deep love for his country and his determination to free India from colonial rule. Despite facing many challenges throughout his life, Bose remained committed to achieving freedom for his people until he died tragically at just 48 years old. Today we remember Subhash Chandra Bose as one of India’s most revered heroes who fought for us.

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Essay on Subhash Chandra Bose 250 Words

Subhash Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was a great leader of the Indian independence movement. He grew up with a strong sense of patriotism and national identity. Bose studied at the University of Calcutta before joining the Indian National Congress where he quickly rose through the ranks to become its President. However, his radical views on India’s independence led to conflict with other leaders within the party and eventually caused him to split from it. Subhash Chandra Bose then formed his own party called Forward Bloc which advocated for complete independence from British rule through non-violent means. Despite this commitment to non-violence, Subhash Chandra Bose felt that more extreme measures were necessary when World War II broke out. He sought help from Nazi Germany and Japan in forming an army (the Azad Hind Fauj) dedicated to freeing India from British rule by force if necessary. His famous slogan “Give me blood and I will give you freedom” became a rallying cry for those who believed that peaceful negotiations had failed them. Bose’s leadership style was characterized by fierce determination, boldness, and charisma; he inspired countless Indians across class lines with his vision for their country’s future free from colonialism. Although many criticized him for seeking aid from countries aligned with fascist ideologies during World War II, there is no doubt that Subhash Chandra Bose remains one of India’s most iconic figures – a symbol of unrelenting resistance. He suffered a lot for us including imprisonment by the British government multiple times and exile from India due to political differences with other leaders of the time. This is the reason his sacrifice continues to inspire generations even today.

Subhash Chandra Bose Quotes

Subhash Chandra Bose quotes are some of the most powerful and thought-provoking statements that reflect his vision for India’s future. These quotes are filled with inspiring messages about patriotism, courage, and sacrifice to insightful advice on leadership and governance. One such quote is-

“Give me blood, I will give you freedom,”

This statement reflects Bose’s unwavering commitment towards achieving India’s independence at any cost. Another notable quote by him is.

“Freedom is not given – it must be taken.”

This statement highlights the importance of active participation in fighting for one’s rights rather than waiting for someone else to grant them freedom. Subhash Chandra Bose also emphasized building strong institutions that can withstand challenges while empowering citizens with knowledge and skills needed for success. He said,

“The secret of political bargaining is to look stronger than what you really are.”

This quote shows his astute understanding of power dynamics between nations and how weaker countries can play their cards smartly when dealing with stronger ones.

Essay on Subhash Chandra Bose 500 + Words

Subhash Chandra Bose, one of the most celebrated revolutionary leaders in Indian history, deserves a special place in our hearts and minds. His contribution to India’s independence movement is second to none, and his unwavering determination and bravery continue to inspire people even today. This essay on Subhash Chandra Bose, focuses on a closer look at his life, His leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) and his mysterious death and legacy that continues to resonate with millions of Indians across the world. So let’s dive into the fascinating story of this iconic leader

Early life of Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, India on January 23, 1897. His father Janakinath Bose was a prominent lawyer and his mother Prabhavati Devi was a devout housewife who instilled in him the values of selflessness and courage from an early age. Bose had a brilliant academic record and graduated with flying colors from Calcutta University before pursuing further studies at Cambridge University in England. However, he soon became disillusioned with the British education system and left without completing his degree. Upon returning to India, Subhash plunged into politics and joined the Indian National Congress party under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi. He quickly emerged as one of its most dynamic leaders due to his charismatic personality and fiery speeches that inspired millions of Indians across the country. Despite facing numerous obstacles along the way, including imprisonment by British authorities for his anti-colonial activities, Subhash remained committed to achieving complete independence for India through any means necessary.

His involvement in Indian Independence Movement

Subhash Chandra Bose had a deep sense of patriotism and was dedicated to the cause of India’s independence from British rule. He joined the Indian National Congress in 1921 and soon became an active member, advocating for complete independence rather than just dominion status. Bose disagreed with Gandhi’s non-violent approach and believed that India needed to use force to gain its freedom. In 1928, he organized a protest the Simon Commission, which was appointed by the British government to investigate constitutional reforms in India. In 1930, Bose was arrested for participating in the Salt Satyagraha movement led by Gandhi. But even while being imprisoned multiple times over several years, he continued his fight for Indian independence. After becoming President of Congress in 1938, Bose faced opposition from other leaders who preferred negotiation with Britain rather than confrontation. Disillusioned with Congress leadership, Bose left Congress and formed Forward Blocin 1939 – a party committed to achieving complete independence through any means necessary including armed struggle. Subhash Chandra Bose played a crucial role as one of India’s most prominent freedom fighters whose determination towards seeking Independence inspired many others across generations.

His time as the leader of Indian National Army

Subhash Chandra Bose’s leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) is one of the most intriguing and controversial periods in his life. After being expelled from Congress, Bose decided to take a more radical approach towards India’s independence struggle. He formed the INA with Japanese support during World War II. The INA was initially made up of prisoners-of-war captured by the Japanese from British Indian Army units. However, it grew rapidly in numbers as many Indians living in Southeast Asia joined voluntarily. The INA fought alongside Japanese forces against British and Commonwealth troops in Burma and India. Bose was known for his charismatic personality and excellent organizational skills, which helped him to transform a ragtag group into an effective fighting force. Under his command, the INA won several battles against Allied forces but ultimately failed to achieve its objective of freeing India from British rule. Despite its failure on the battlefield, the INA played a significant role in galvanizing public opinion in favor of independence back home. Its members were seen as heroes who had risked their lives for their country’s freedom. Today, Subhash Chandra Bose remains a controversial figure whose legacy continues to inspire Indians seeking autonomy and self-determination. His time leading the INA will always be remembered as one of his most daring exploits that demonstrated his unwavering commitment to securing India’s freedom at any cost.

His mysterious death

Subhash Chandra Bose’s death is one of the most controversial and mysterious events in Indian history. In August 1945, Bose died in a plane crash while end route to Tokyo, Japan. However, there are many unanswered questions surrounding his death that have led to countless conspiracy theories. One theory suggests that Bose did not die in the plane crash but instead lived out his life under an assumed identity. Some believe that he may have even faked his own death as part of a plan to continue fighting for India’s independence from British rule. Others speculate that Bose was killed by British intelligence agents or possibly even by Soviet authorities who saw him as a threat to their interests in Asia. Despite numerous inquiries and investigations over the years, no definitive answers have been found regarding Subhash Chandra Bose’s mysterious death. This has only added to the legend and mystique surrounding this iconic figure of India’s struggle for independence. Regardless of how he died, Subhas Chandra Bose left behind a legacy that continues to inspire generations of Indians today. His unwavering commitment and sacrifice for his country will never be forgotten.

Legacy of Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhash Chandra Bose’s legacy is a testament to his unwavering commitment towards the Indian independence movement. Despite facing various challenges, he refused to back down and continued fighting for his country. His leadership of the Indian National Army inspired many young revolutionaries who followed in his footsteps. Bose’s contributions were not limited to India alone; he also played an instrumental role in building strong diplomatic ties with Japan and Germany during World War II. He was known for his courage, determination, and vision for a free India. Even after his death, Subhash Chandra Bose has remained an iconic figure in modern-day India. His legacy continues to inspire generations of Indians who strive towards building a better future for their country. Subhash Chandra Bose was more than just a freedom fighter; he was a visionary leader whose contributions continue to shape India’s political landscape today. His fearless spirit and unrelenting dedication are an inspiration not only for Indians but for people all over the world who aspire towards achieving true freedom and justice.

1.How did Netaji Subash Chandra Bose die? Why is it mysterious?

What is the truth behind the death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose? How did he disappear? What was the political scenario at the time of his death? Ans : The death of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, a prominent figure in India’s struggle for independence, is indeed surrounded by mystery and controversy. Netaji Bose died on August 18, 1945, under disputed circumstances. According to the officially accepted version of events, Bose died in a plane crash in Taipei, Taiwan (then known as Formosa), while enroute to Japan. It is believed that his overloaded plane crashed shortly after takeoff, resulting in fatal injuries that led to his death. This account is based on the findings of the Shah Nawaz Committee, which was appointed by the Indian National Congress in 1956 to investigate Bose’s death. However, the circumstances surrounding Bose’s death have been the subject of numerous conspiracy theories and doubts. Some theories suggest that he did not die in the plane crash and instead lived in hiding for several years. These theories propose that he assumed a different identity and continued to work towards India’s independence. The absence of concrete evidence and conflicting accounts have fueled the mystery surrounding Bose’s death. Various investigations and inquiries have been conducted over the years to uncover the truth, including the Mukherjee Commission set up in 1999 by the Indian government. This commission challenged the official account and concluded that Bose did not die in the plane crash but instead survived and lived in secrecy. Despite these controversies, the exact circumstances of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s death remain inconclusive. The mystery continues to captivate public interest, and the search for definitive answers continues to this day.

2. What are some famous stories about Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose? Answer- The Great Escape from British Captivity: One of the most famous stories about Netaji Bose is his audacious escape from British captivity in 1941. While under house arrest in Kolkata, he disguised himself as a Pathan and fled to German-occupied Europe to seek international support for India’s independence. Bose’s escape involved a perilous journey by train, car, and a submarine, ultimately leading him to reach Germany and establish contacts with the Axis powers.

3. The Formation of the Indian National Army (INA): Answer- Netaji Bose’s efforts to free India from British rule led him to establish the Indian National Army (INA) in 1942. With the support of the Axis powers, Bose organized and trained Indian soldiers who had been prisoners of war in Southeast Asia. The INA, also known as Azad Hind Fauj, played a crucial role in fighting against the British Indian Army in Burma (now Myanmar) and Northeast India. The formation of the INA remains a significant chapter in India’s struggle for independence.

4. The “Give Me Blood, and I Shall Give You Freedom” Speech: Answer- In 1944, Netaji Bose delivered his powerful speech known as the “Give Me Blood, and I Shall Give You Freedom” address in Burma. This passionate speech aimed to inspire the Indian masses to join the freedom struggle and fight against British colonial rule. The speech resonated with people across India and served as a rallying cry for the cause of independence. It highlighted Bose’s charismatic leadership and his ability to connect with the aspirations of the Indian people. These incidents illustrate the daring and determined spirit of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, showcasing his relentless pursuit of India’s independence and his willingness to take bold actions in the face of adversity.

5. Why are there no movies on Subhash Chandra Bose? Answer- There have been movies made on the life and legacy of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose, although their number may be relatively limited compared to some other historical figures. Several factors contribute to this observation: Limited historical documentation: The mysterious circumstances surrounding Netaji Bose’s life and his untimely death have led to a scarcity of concrete evidence and historical documentation. The lack of definitive information can make it challenging for filmmakers to create a comprehensive and accurate portrayal of his life. This uncertainty might have influenced the decision-making process for movie productions. Controversial and sensitive subject matter: The legacy of Netaji Bose is still a matter of debate and controversy in some circles. Different perspectives and interpretations exist regarding his ideology, his actions during World War II, and his relationship with the Axis powers. Filmmakers may approach such a sensitive subject matter with caution, as they may face challenges in representing historical events objectively while respecting diverse viewpoints. Production and financial considerations: The production of historical films often requires substantial resources, including finances, research, and visual effects. The perception that films on historical subjects might not generate high box office returns compared to other genres could influence the decision of production studios. Consequently, fewer films might be made on relatively lesser-known historical figures such as Netaji Bose. Despite these factors, there have been notable film adaptations that depict aspects of Netaji Bose’s life and the Indian independence movement. For example, the film “Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero” (2005), directed by Shyam Benegal, portrays Bose’s life and his role in the freedom struggle. Other documentaries and television series have also explored his story. As the interest in historical narratives continues to grow, it is possible that more films will be made in the future to depict different facets of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose’s life and contribute to a better understanding of his legacy.

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Biography, Jayanti, Achievements

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in the year 1897 and died in the year 1945. Read all about Subhash Chandra Bose Biography, History, Achievements for UPSC.

Table of Contents

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose

The patriotism of Indian Nationalist Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose has left a lasting impression on many Indians On January 23, 1897, he was born in Cuttack, Orissa. He is well-known for founding the organization “Azad Hind Fauj,” and his slogan is “Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Azadi Dunga.” The burn injuries he sustained in a plane crash caused Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose to pass away on August 18, 1945, at a hospital in Taiwan.

The most well-known liberation Indian freedom fighters, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose possessed exceptional leadership qualities and was a charismatic orator. His slogans include “Delhi Chalo,” “tum mujhe khoon do,” and “main tumhe azadi dunga. ” He established Azad Hind Fauj and made numerous contributions to the fight for India’s independence. He is renowned for his socialist policies as well as for the forceful tactics he utilized to win independence.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti

Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti is celebrated on 23rd January every year as a mark of remembrance for his contribution to nation-building. He was born on this day in Cuttack, Odisha. Officially this day is called ‘ Parakram Diwas ‘ to celebrate and imbibe the quality of courage and valour that Subhash Chandra Bose demonstrated throughout his life. It was on this that last year that a towering statue of Netaji was unveiled by the Prime Minister of India at Kartavya Path. Children in schools, teachers, government officials, and politicians cutting across the party lines pay homage to Netaji on this day.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Death

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose died on August 18, 1945, in a plane crash the INA forces were being captured or surrendered and he was en route to Tokyo through Taiwan. On August 18, 1945, Subhash Chandra Bose reportedly perished in an aeroplane collision over Taipeh, Taiwan (Formosa). There isn’t a lot of information available, despite the widespread belief that he survived the plane disaster.

Subhash Chandra Bose Early Life and Family

The son of Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose, Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, on January 23, 1897. His father had the title of “Rai Bahadur” and was a well-known lawyer in Cuttack. Like his siblings, he attended the Protestant European School in Cuttack, which is now Stewart High School. He completed his undergraduate studies at Presidency College.

After reading their writings at the age of 16, Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna’s teachings had an impact on him. Then, to prepare for the Indian Civil Service , his parents sent him to the University of Cambridge in England. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoil in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.

Subhash Chandra Bose Ideology

Bhagavad Gita had an impact on him, and he saw it as a source of inspiration for the fight against the British. From a young age, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was highly affected by the Universalist and nationalistic ideas of Swami Vivekanand .

He was drawn to the ideas of socialism and communism when he was a member of the Congress party. However, he thought it would succeed in India if National Socialism and Communism were to be combined. He favoured gender equality, secularism, and other liberal ideologies, but he didn’t think democracy was ideal for India.

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Biography Video

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Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose History

The following are the Important event which describes Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Contribution to the Indian Freedom fighter.

Subhash Chandra Bose And Indian National Congress

He joined the Non Cooperation Movement , which Mahatma Gandhi founded and turned into a potent non-violent movement. Mahatma Gandhi  recommended he collaborate with Chittaranjan Das, who later served as his political mentor, during the agitation. Following that, he worked as a youth educator and volunteer commander for the Bengal Congress. He founded the “Swaraj” newspaper. After being released from prison in 1927, Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose joined the Congress party as general secretary and fought for independence with Jawaharlal Nehru.

At the time of the Civil Disobedience Movement  Bose was in detention for linking with a Bengal revolutionary group. He became the Mayor of Calcutta while in prison. Thereafter he was released and detained several times on suspected links to revolutionary groups. Finally, he was released on grounds of poor health and allowed by the government to go to Europe. He returned from Europe in 1936 and remained in detention for about a year.

After being elected president of the Indian National Congress in 1938, he established a national planning committee and developed a wide industrialization agenda. However, Gandhian economic theory, which stuck to the idea of cottage industries and profiting from the utilization of the nation’s resources, did not agree with this. When Subhash Chandra Bose won his reelection bid in 1939 over a Gandhian opponent, it served as vindication for him. Nevertheless, the “rebel president” felt compelled to step down because Gandhi didn’t back him.

Subhash Chandra Bose Escape from India

Subhash Chandra Bose evaded house arrest in 1941 and left India wearing a disguise. Adolf Hitler even met with him, and he began to receive backing from Nazi Germany. He established the Free India Center in Berlin and recruited Indian POWs who had previously fought for the British in North Africa before being captured by Axis troops to form the Indian Legion, which now numbers about 4500 soldiers.

The Indian soldiers of the Indian Legion and representatives of the Special Bureau for India in Berlin placed the title of Netaji on Bose in Germany in 1942. Nazi Germany was slipping backwards in the west in the years 1942–1943 when World War II was in full flow. Japanese forces were rapidly approaching in the east. The Bengal Famine and the Quit India campaign were both raging in India. Subhash Chandra Bose left for Japan in 1943 after experiencing failure in Germany.

Azad Hind Fauj or Indian National Army (INA)

The establishment and efforts of the Azad Hind Fauj commonly referred to as the Indian National Army, or INA, during the Second World War were a significant development in the liberation struggle. With the help of Indians living in Southeast Asian nations, Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had fled his country and spent many years living in Japan, founded the Indian Independence League.

• General Mohan Singh, a former British Indian army officer, significantly aided in organizing the INA.
• Bose, in exile in Germany, arrived in Singapore in 1943 to lead the INA.
• Azad Hind Fauj comprised 45,000 soldiers, including Indian prisoners of war and settlers in Southeast Asia.
• On October 21, 1943, Bose declared the provisional administration of independent India in Singapore.
• INA launched an offensive in early 1944, attempting to drive the British out of northeastern India.
• Despite their fervent efforts, the attempt to liberate India was unsuccessful.
• While the Indian nationalist movement viewed Japan cautiously, Netaji saw a potential ally in overthrowing British control.
• Azad Hind Fauj and an uprising within India were seen as crucial for India’s freedom.
• Azad Hind Fauj organized a women’s unit, Rani Jhansi, led by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan.
• Women played a significant role in the fight for India’s independence.
• Fascist Germany and Italy were defeated in 1945, concluding World War II.
• The U.S. used atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, leading to Japan’s surrender.
• Despite ending the war, atomic weapons caused new global tensions and a race for more destructive arms.

Subhash Chandra Bose: Important Events for UPSC

Here you can check all the important events in the life of Subhash Chandra Bose in the table below:

Explore the page to uncover the untold stories for Other Famous Personalities Biography and gain insights into the profound impact they have had on the world. Check here this link: Biographies of Famous Personalities .

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Subhash Chandra Bose Biography FAQs

Why subhash chandra bose is famous.

Subhash Chandra Bose, commonly known as Netaji, is renowned for his contribution to the campaign for Indian independence. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and a member of the noncooperation movement. He belonged to the more militant wing and was well-known for his support of socialist principles.

How did Subhash Chandra Bose died?

Official versions have maintained that Netaji died in an aircraft crash on August 18, 1945, despite the continued doubts of some of his supporters and researchers.

Who called Netaji first time?

Early in 1942, German and Indian officials in the Special Bureau for India in Berlin and Indian soldiers of the Indische Legion addressed Bose as Netaji for the first time.

Who inspired Subhash Chandra Bose?

Subhash Chandra Bose was recognized for his ardent patriotism as a student and was greatly affected by Swami Vivekananda's teachings. In 1919, he traveled to England to apply for the Indian Civil Services in order to fulfill his parents' desires.

What is the famous slogan of Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose?

Indian revolutionary Subhash Chandra Bose advocated for using force to overthrow the British. In 1943, he enlisted in the Indian National Army. "Tum mujhe khoon do mai tumhe azadi doonga" was one of his most well-known statements (Give me blood, I shall give you freedom) and Jai Hind' & 'Delhi Chalo'.

What did Subhash Chandra Bose do to India?

He organised the first Indian National Army (INA), Azad Hind Fauj, in 1943, launched an armed uprising, and motivated thousands of Indian youths to participate in the fight for freedom from British colonial control.

Who organized the first Indian National Army(INA)?

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Organized the first Indian National Army(INA).

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New biography of Subhas Chandra Bose with untold stories to release in February 2022

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Life and Legacy of Subhash Chandra Bose: A Patriot’s Journey

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Subhash Chandra Bose, a name synonymous with India’s struggle for independence, had a remarkable journey that shaped the course of the nation’s history. This blog delves into his formative years, exploring his childhood, family background, and educational pursuits, shedding light on the experiences that molded him into the iconic leader he became.

Childhood and Family Background: Born into a prominent Bengali family on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, Bose grew up amidst a milieu of patriotism and intellectual fervor. His parents, Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi, instilled in him the values of sacrifice and service to the nation from an early age. Surrounded by a supportive family, Bose’s upbringing laid the foundation for his future endeavors.

Education in England: Subhash Chandra Bose’s quest for knowledge took him to England, where he pursued higher education. Enrolling at Cambridge University, he delved into the world of civil service examinations. His academic brilliance was apparent, setting the stage for a promising future. However, Bose’s heart was already inclined towards the larger cause of India’s freedom, prompting him to make significant life choices.

Impact on Bose’s Ideals: The exposure to Western education and ideologies significantly influenced Bose’s outlook. It sharpened his understanding of governance, human rights, and social justice, which became the cornerstone of his political beliefs. This transformative period laid the groundwork for his future political endeavors and his unwavering commitment to India’s independence.

 Subhash Chandra Bose’s early life and education served as the crucible in which his revolutionary spirit was forged. The nurturing environment of his family and the intellectual stimulation in England played pivotal roles in shaping his vision for a free India. As we explore these formative years, we gain insights into the making of a visionary leader whose legacy continues to inspire generations. Stay tuned for more chapters in the saga of Subhash Chandra Bose, a true hero of India’s struggle for freedom.

Subhash Chandra Bose: A Political Trailblazer

Subhash Chandra Bose’s political career was nothing short of extraordinary, marked by a relentless pursuit of India’s freedom and a commitment to transformative change. This segment delves into his early political engagements, his role as the Mayor of Calcutta, his leadership within the Indian National Congress, and his establishment of the Forward Bloc. Each phase illuminates his vision for an independent India.

Early Political Activities: Subhash Chandra Bose’s entry into politics was ignited by his deep-rooted passion for India’s independence. In his early days, he engaged fervently with nationalist movements, voicing his concerns against British colonial rule. His magnetic personality and unwavering dedication quickly garnered attention, earning him a reputation as a dynamic leader among his peers.

Mayor of Calcutta: Subhash Chandra Bose’s political acumen was further demonstrated during his tenure as the Mayor of Calcutta. His governance strategies focused on civic development, education, and social welfare. Under his leadership, Calcutta witnessed significant infrastructural advancements, laying the groundwork for a modern, progressive city.

Leader of Congress: Bose’s influence within the Indian National Congress grew exponentially, leading to his election as its president in 1938. His leadership injected fresh vigor into the freedom movement. While advocating for complete independence, he navigated the intricate political landscape, uniting diverse factions under the common goal of a free India. His presidency marked a turning point, inspiring millions to join the fight against British tyranny.

Forward Bloc: Recognizing the need for a cohesive nationalist force, Bose founded the Forward Bloc in 1939. This organization provided a platform for like-minded individuals within the Congress, fostering unity and fortifying the resolve for independence. The Forward Bloc became a symbol of resistance, challenging the status quo and advocating for immediate freedom from British rule.

Subhash Chandra Bose’s political career stands as a testament to his visionary leadership and unwavering dedication to the cause of freedom. Through his early political activities, tenure as the Mayor of Calcutta, leadership within the Indian National Congress, and the establishment of the Forward Bloc, he carved a path toward a liberated India. His legacy endures, reminding us of the power of determination, unity, and resilience in the face of adversity.

Subhash Chandra Bose's Role in Independence Movement:

Subhash Chandra Bose’s role in the Indian independence movement was pivotal and marked by unwavering determination and strategic brilliance. He envisioned a free and united India, inspiring millions with his passionate speeches and revolutionary ideas. Bose’s commitment to the cause led him to explore unconventional avenues to combat British colonial rule. His innovative approach included forming alliances with Axis powers during World War II, aiming to weaken the British in India.

Bose’s influence extended beyond India’s borders, fostering international support for the independence movement. His ability to mobilize resources and organize movements played a significant role in energizing the struggle for freedom. Despite ideological differences within the Indian National Congress, Bose’s indomitable spirit and vision for a liberated India resonated deeply with freedom fighters across the nation.

Escape to Germany: In a daring move, Bose escaped house arrest in India in 1941, seeking international support for India’s freedom struggle. He made his way to Germany, where he sought assistance from the Axis powers, including Nazi Germany. Although controversial, this decision highlighted Bose’s audacious spirit and his willingness to explore unconventional paths to achieve independence.

Life in Germany: During his time in Germany, Bose worked relentlessly to garner support for the Indian independence movement. He established the Free India Centre in Berlin, focusing on diplomatic efforts and propaganda to raise awareness about India’s plight under British rule. Bose’s interactions with German officials and leaders from various countries demonstrated his diplomatic acumen and ability to navigate complex political landscapes.

Bose’s stay in Germany, while contentious, showcased his determination to utilize every available opportunity to further the cause of Indian independence. His experiences in Europe laid the foundation for his subsequent endeavors in Southeast Asia, where he would establish the Indian National Army (INA) and lead a valiant struggle against the British forces, leaving an indelible mark on the annals of India’s freedom movement.

Subhash Chandra Bose’s involvement in the independence movement, his escape to Germany, and his activities in Europe underscore his multifaceted approach to achieving India’s freedom. His strategic alliances and diplomatic efforts, although controversial, demonstrated his unwavering commitment to the cause. Bose’s actions continue to inspire generations, reflecting the relentless spirit of those who fought for India’s independence.

Subhash Chandra Bose's Leadership of Indian National Army:

Subhash Chandra Bose’s leadership of the Indian National Army (INA) marked a significant chapter in India’s fight for independence. Under his guidance, the INA became a formidable force, capturing the imagination of millions. Bose’s charisma and strategic brilliance inspired soldiers and civilians alike, fostering a sense of unity and determination. His leadership injected fresh vigor into the freedom movement, challenging the British Empire’s stronghold on India.

Formation of Azad Hind: The formation of Azad Hind (Free India) was a historic moment. Bose, driven by his vision of a liberated India, established the Provisional Government of Free India in Singapore on October 21, 1943. He declared war against the British Empire and called for a united effort to end colonial rule. Azad Hind Radio broadcasted his messages, rallying Indians to the cause. This bold move created a parallel government that garnered international attention and support.

INA’s First Formation: The INA’s first formation took shape in Southeast Asia, primarily in Singapore, Burma (present-day Myanmar), and Malaya (present-day Malaysia). Comprising both Indian expatriates and prisoners of war, the INA emerged as a force committed to the idea of a free India. Under Bose’s leadership, it underwent rigorous training, transforming into a disciplined and motivated army. The INA’s soldiers, driven by patriotism and a desire for independence, displayed extraordinary courage on the battlefield.

INA’s Initial Strategy: Subhash Chandra Bose meticulously planned the INA’s military strategy, aiming to launch an offensive against the British forces in India. The INA operated in conjunction with the Japanese forces, engaging in battles in Burma and the eastern front of India. Bose’s military acumen led to tactical victories, and the INA briefly hoisted the Indian tricolor on Indian soil in the town of Moirang in Manipur. Although the INA faced challenges, including supply shortages, its impact was undeniable. The INA’s efforts not only disrupted British operations but also bolstered the morale of the Indian populace.

Subhash Chandra Bose’s leadership of the INA, the formation of Azad Hind, and the INA’s initial military strategies exemplify his unwavering commitment to the cause of Indian independence. His ability to inspire, organize, and strategize transformed the INA into a formidable force, leaving an enduring legacy in India’s history. Bose’s vision and determination continue to inspire generations, underscoring his pivotal role in the fight against colonial rule.

Subhash Chandra Bose's Legacy:

Subhash Chandra Bose’s legacy is etched in the annals of Indian history as a symbol of unwavering determination and fervent patriotism. His relentless pursuit of India’s independence, characterized by his charismatic leadership and strategic acumen, continues to inspire generations. Bose’s legacy is a testament to the power of unity and the spirit of sacrifice. His unwavering commitment to the cause of freedom resonates in the hearts of millions, making him a revered figure in India’s struggle for independence.

Influence and Status within India: Subhash Chandra Bose’s influence within India remains profound. He is celebrated as a national hero, admired for his fearlessness and his ability to mobilize masses. His legacy reverberates not only in history books but also in the collective consciousness of the nation. The INA, under his leadership, demonstrated the power of unified action from people of every religion to involvement of women troups, leaving an indelible mark on India’s fight against colonialism. Bose’s legacy is often invoked in discussions about patriotism, leadership, and the relentless pursuit of one’s goals, serving as a guiding light for future generations.

Bose and Gandhi: Subhash Chandra Bose shared the stage with Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement, each representing different ideologies and approaches. While Gandhi advocated non-violence and civil disobedience, Bose believed in a more assertive, militant approach, especially during the tumultuous times of World War II. Despite their differences, both leaders shared a common goal: the liberation of India from British rule. The dynamic between Bose and Gandhi symbolizes the diversity of strategies employed in the pursuit of independence. Their interactions and ideological clashes serve as a reminder of the complexity and richness of India’s struggle for freedom, showcasing the multiplicity of voices that contributed to the nation’s ultimate liberation. Today, their relationship is studied and discussed, providing valuable insights into the nuanced dynamics of the independence movement.

Mystery of Subhash Chandra Bose's Death

Subhas Chandra Bose’s death remains shrouded in mystery and controversy, adding an intriguing chapter to his remarkable life story. His demise on August 18, 1945, following a plane crash in Japanese Taiwan, marked the end of an era, leaving behind a legacy of valiant struggle for India’s freedom. While the circumstances of his death have been widely debated, Bose’s legacy endures, reminding the world of his unwavering commitment to his ideals and the sacrifices he made for his country.

Disappearance and Alleged Death: The circumstances surrounding Bose’s disappearance and alleged death have been a subject of intense scrutiny. While official accounts state that he died in a plane crash, some theories suggest that he survived and went into hiding. Various investigations and inquiries have attempted to unravel the truth, leading to conflicting narratives and conspiracy theories. The mystery of Bose’s disappearance has captured the imagination of researchers, historians, and the public, making it a topic of endless fascination and speculation.

Investigations into Bose’s Death: Over the years, numerous investigations have been conducted to shed light on the enigma surrounding Subhas Chandra Bose’s death. Researchers and historians have delved into archives, testimonies, and eyewitness accounts, striving to uncover the truth behind his final moments. These investigations have generated diverse perspectives, ranging from confirming the official account to proposing alternative theories. The ongoing quest for clarity reflects the enduring intrigue surrounding Bose’s fate, making it a subject of continual interest and study.

Subhas Chandra Bose’s life and legacy continue to captivate the imagination of people worldwide. His contributions to India’s struggle for independence and his mysterious end have created a tapestry of historical intrigue. As researchers delve deeper into the details surrounding his death, the quest for the truth remains an ongoing journey, underscoring the enduring fascination with one of India’s most iconic freedom fighters.

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Subhash Chandra Bose Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on subhash chandra bose.

Subhash Chandra Bose was a great Indian nationalist. People even today know him by love for his country. This true Indian man was born on the 23rd of January in 1897. Most noteworthy, he fought with bravery against the British rule . Subhash Chandra Bose was certainly a revolutionary freedom fighter .

Contribution of Subhash Chandra Bose in the Indian Independence

The participation of Subhash Chandra Bose took place with the Civil Disobedience Movement. This is how Subhash Chandra Bose became part of the Indian Independence movement. He became a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) . Also, in 1939 he became the party president. However, this was for a short time only because of his resignation from this post.

The British put Subhash Chandra Bose under house arrest. This was because of his opposition to British rule. However, due to his cleverness, he secretly left the country in 1941. He then went to Europe to seek help against the British. Most noteworthy, he sought the help of Russians and Germans against the British.

Subhash Chandra Bose went to Japan in 1943. This was because the Japanese gave their agreement to his appeal for help. In Japan Subhash Chandra Bose began the formation of the Indian National Army . Most noteworthy, he did the formation of a provisional government. The axis powers during the Second World War certainly recognized this provisional government.

The Indian National Army attacked the North-eastern parts of India. Furthermore, this attack took place under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose. Also, the INA was successful in capturing a few portions. Unfortunately, there was the surrender of INA due to weather and Japanese policies. However, Bose made his Refusal to surrender clear. He escaped on a plane but this plane most probably crashed. Due to this, Subhash Chandra Bose died on 18 August 1945.

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Ideology of Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhash Chandra Bose saw 2nd World War as a great opportunity. He saw this as an opportunity to take advantage of British weakness. Also, he went to USSR, Germany, and Japan to seek help. He led the INA to the fight against the British. Subhash Chandra Bose was a strong believer in Bhagwat Gita. It was his belief that Bhagwat Gita was a great source of inspiration for the fight against the British. He also held Swami Vivekananda’s teachings in high-esteem.

In conclusion, Subhash Chandra Bose is an unforgettable national hero. He had tremendous love for his country. Furthermore, this great personality sacrificed his whole life for the country.

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All About Subhas Chandra Bose and INA

Introduction

Subhas Chandra Bose was a prominent leader in India’s fight for independence from British rule during the early to mid-20th century. Dissatisfied with the nonviolent approach of the Indian National Congress, Bose sought more direct methods to achieve freedom for his country. In 1942 , during World War II , he established the Indian National Army (INA), also known as the Azad Hind Fauj , with the help of the Axis powers, particularly Japan. 

Subhas Chandra Bose: A Revolutionary Leader’s Journey

• Subhas Chandra Bose , known for his militant stance, reacted strongly to European insults against Indians.
• Initially secured the fourth position in the Indian Civil Services examination but resigned in 1921 to join the freedom struggle. He served as the mayor of Calcutta in 1923 . His political guru was Chittaranjan Das .
• He faced multiple imprisonments by the British for his activism.
• Unable to align with Gandhi’s methods, Bose, realizing Congress’s commitment to Gandhi’s path, decided to pursue independence on his own terms.
• Origin: Bose convened an Anti-Compromise Conference at Ramgarh in March 1940 . It was a joint effort by the Forward Bloc and the Kisan Sabha .
• Global Resistance: It was resolved to launch a worldwide struggle on April 6, 1940 , coinciding with the National Week, against imperialist war, urging people not to support the Imperialist War with resources.
• He was released from prison but placed under house arrest in December 1940 after a hunger strike.
• He left India with the intent to supplement the ongoing struggle and explored options for external support.
• Freedom Army: There, he met Hitler using the pseudonym Orlando Mazzotta and formed the ‘Freedom Army’ (Mukti Sena) with Indian prisoners of war captured by Germany and Italy. 
• Dresden, Germany , became the headquarters of the Freedom Army .
• Bose came to be called ‘Netaji’ by the people of Germany. He gave the famous slogan, ‘Jai Hind’ from the Free India Centre , Germany .
• Berlin Radio Broadcasts
• Started regular broadcasts from Berlin radio in January 1942 .
• In early 1943 , he left Germany . 
• He traveled via German and Japanese submarines , to reach Japan and then Singapore by July 1943 . 
• He was to take command of the Indian independence movement from Rashbehari Bose , marking the second phase of the Indian National Army .

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Indian national army (ina).

• This initiative was further fueled by the Quit India movement, leading to a substantial force of 40,000 men ready to join the INA.
• The INA consisted primarily of Indian soldiers who were prisoners of war captured by the Japanese in Southeast Asia. 
• INA’s Conditional Action: The action of INA was contingent upon receiving an invitation from the Indian National Congress and the people of India.
• Motivations Behind the INA: The creation of this army has been widely viewed as a response to potential Japanese misconduct against Indians in South-East Asia and as a protective measure against any prospective Japanese occupation of India.
• The first division of the INA was formed with 16,300 men in September 1942.
• INA’s Affiliation: A conference in Bangkok , held under Japanese occupation, decided to place the INA under the Indian Independence League, chaired by Rashbehari Bose . He founded the League in Tokyo in 1942 .
• The Japanese sought Subhas Bose to lead the INA.
• Transfer of Leadership: In July 1943, Subhas Bose met Rashbehari Bose in Singapore , who willingly transferred control of the Indian Independence League and the INA to him.
• The famous slogan, “Give me blood, I will give you freedom,” was coined in Malaya .
• The provisional government declared war on Britain and the United States and was recognised by the Axis powers. 
• A women’s regiment, named Rani Jhansi Regiment, was formed.

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• INA Operations and Challenges
• INA’s Strategic Shift: The INA headquarters moved t o Rangoon (Burma) in January 1944, and the army recruits were to march with the war cry “Chalo Delhi!” .
• On November 6, 1943 , the Japanese army handed over the Andaman and Nicobar Islands to the INA.
• He sought Gandhi’s blessings for “India’s last war of independence.”
• INA units faced discrimination from the Japanese , including denial of rations and arms. 
• They were forced to do menial work for Japanese units, leading to demoralization and disgust among the INA.
• INA on Indian Soil and Subsequent Events
• The Azad Hind Fauz entered Indian soil on March 18, 1944 , after crossing the Burma border.
• This marked the first hoisting of the INA flag on the Indian mainland , greeted with cries of “Jai Hind” and “Netaji Zindabad.”
• INA carried out military administration duties at Moirang for three months. Allied forces reclaimed the territory , leading to the withdrawal of INA brigades on July 18, 1944.
• On August 15, 1945 , Japan surrendered in the Second World War . With this, INA also surrendered.
• End of an Era: On August 18, 1945 , Subhas Bose reportedly died in a mysterious air crash in Taipei, Taiwan . INA POWs were brought back to India after the war for court-martial.
• Led by Bose, the INA aimed to liberate India from British colonial rule through military means. 
• Although the INA faced various challenges and setbacks, it became a symbol of resistance and inspired nationalist fervor among Indians. 
• Bose’s leadership and the INA’s efforts played a significant role in India’s struggle for independence, contributing to the eventual end of British rule in the country.

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• Subhash Chandra Bose Essay

Essay on Subhash Chandra Bose for Students

Essay writing imbibes writing skills among students. Hence, students are given the opportunity to write on various topics as a part of any language studies. At Vedantu, you can find free essays on different topics to understand how to write essays in exams to get good marks. Get an essay on Subhash Chandra Bose on Vedantu’s site.

Subhash Chandra Bose- An Unsung Hero

Whenever we hear the name Subhash Chandra Bose, the first thing that comes in our mind is a popular saying by him, “Tum Mujhe Khoon do main tumhe Azadi dunga”.

Subhash Chandra Bose, popularly known as Netaji, was a great militant, freedom fighter and a patriot. He was born in Cuttack, Orissa on 23rd January 1897 to Janakinath Bose and Prabhavati Devi. His father Janakinath Bose was a well-known lawyer of his time. His mother Prabhavati Devi was a religious woman. 

Subhash Chandra was a brilliant student who had scored the second position in the matriculation exam. At an early age, he started reading about Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna and was influenced by their teachings. Bose completed his B.A. Hons in Philosophy in 1918 from the University of Calcutta. He later went to England in September 1919 for further studies. He was selected for the Indian Civil Service but he did not want to stay in England and serve the British government. Subhash Chandra resigned from his Civil Service job in 1921 and returned to India after hearing of the national turmoil in India. 

From a young age, Subhash Chandra Bose had the nationalist temperament and Britishers’ discrimination towards Indians would fill him with rage. To serve the country, he joined the Indian National Congress (also known as the Congress Party). Bose joined the Noncooperation Movement, started by Gandhi under his influence. Bose was a revolutionary freedom fighter who was known to have founded the Azad Hind Army or Indian National Army. For his revolutionary movements, Bose had been to jail several times. He was suspected of connections with secret revolutionary movements and was sent to Mandalay Jail in Burma (Myanmar) where he contracted Tuberculosis. Bose was elected the president of Congress party and worked along with Jawahar Lal Nehru, another great political leader. Both had a more militant and left-wing approach to Independence, which became a reason for Bose’s differences with Gandhi and other Congress leaders. 

Bose’s selfless contribution to India’s Independence Movement and organizing and leading the Indian National Army is indispensable. His struggle of Independence was highlighted during the Civil Disobedience Movement for which he had even been arrested. In fact, he was imprisoned 11 times for his ideologies and the use of force against the British. Bose was elected the president of the Indian National Congress twice but he resigned from the post as he was against the congress internal and foreign policy. 

Soon, he left the party and went out of the country seeking an alliance with other countries to fight against British forces. He earned the support of the Japanese and they agreed to help him in forming the Indian national army in Southeast Asia. Later on, he became the commander of the INA. The Indian National Army attacked the North-eastern parts of India. This attack took place under the leadership of Subhash Chandra Bose and he was even successful in acquiring a few portions of the north-eastern parts of India. Unfortunately, the surrender of the Japanese forced him to withdraw and call off the war. It is believed that he died in a plane crash on 18th August 1945. Subash Chandra Bose was an unforgettable national hero who fought for the country’s freedom struggle against the British till his last breath. He is known to be one of the greatest heroes the country has ever seen!

A Little Bit About Subhash Chandra Bose

Subhash Chandra Bose was born in Cuttack, Orissa, in 1897. He grew up deeply identifying with the Indian Freedom Movement and subsequently became a part of it in the 1920s. 

He led a radical wing of the Indian National Congress (INC) throughout the 1920s and 1930s and eventually gained enough popularity and support to rise to a position of leadership in the INC. He eventually became the Congress President in 1938, but ended up leaving the party in 1939 because of a difference of opinion with the rest of the Congress leadership.

After his resignation from the Congress, he was placed under house arrest by the ruling British Government, but managed to escape India in 1940. Upon his escape, he made his way to Germany by 1941, where he secured the sympathy and help of the Nazi party in his plan to overthrow the British Occupation. With help from Germany's ally Japan, he Bose headed the Indian National Army (INA) which attempted to "conquer" parts of India, thereby freeing those areas from British Occupation. This attempt eventually failed and in 1945, the INA was soundly defeated by the British forces. 

Despite his failure at leading a military revolt against the British Occupation, Bose was extremely successful in another area. In 1941, a Free India Radio was set up with help from Germany, on which Bose regularly spoke about the Indian Freedom Movement. Due to his charisma and charm, he succeeded in generating a wave of support for the Indian Freedom Movement.

Subhash Chandra Bose was a great freedom fighter whose role in India’s Independence is instrumental. Through this essay, students will learn a great deal about Subhash Chandra Bose and his life. Writing about him will allow students to have knowledge about his struggle for freedom in detail. Download Free Essay on Subash Chandra Bose on our site. 

FAQs on Subhash Chandra Bose Essay

1. Who was Subhash Chandra Bose?

Subhash Chandra Bose was an Indian freedom fighter who was affectionately known as Netaji. His political and ideological views were largely influenced by the Bhagavad Gita and he worked tirelessly to gain independence for India from British rule. He believed in the ideals of democracy, however, he also believed that pure democracy would not work in a post-colonial India. He believed that the National Socialist model adopted by Soviet Russia would be the best model to implement in India. His life was filled with respect for his actions as a freedom fighter, but he also faced criticism for his alliance with Nazi Germany and Imperialist Japan to overthrow the British Occupation.

2. How to write an essay on Subhash Chandra Bose?

To write an essay on Subhash Chandra Bose, you can take a look at the example provided on this page. As you can see from the example provided, the essay is clearly divided into three main parts – the introduction, body, and conclusion. In the introduction, the essay briefly describes who Subhash Chandra Bose is, his family, his birthplace, and what he was known for. These points form the basis of your introduction because they let the reader know who the essay is about. The body of the essay goes more in depth about Subhash Chandra Bose's contribution to the Indian Freedom Movement and his ideology. This forms the bulk of the essay because it is what he is most known for. Finally, the conclusion of the essay summarises all of the information presented in the essay and draws a one-sentence conclusion about who Subhash Chandra Bose is and how he is remembered.

3. What was Subhash Chandra Bose's contribution to the Indian Freedom Movement?

Subhash Chandra Bose began his political career as one of the leaders of the Indian National Congress (INC). He worked alongside eminent personalities like Jawaharlal Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, and other leading figures in the Indian Freedom Movement. However, he ended up leaving the INC in 1939 due to a difference of opinion with Mahatma Gandhi and the rest of the INC leadership. He escaped India in 1940 and formed an alliance with Nazi Germany and Imperialist Japan to provide aid in overthrowing the British Occupation. He, with the help of Japan, formed the Indian National Army, which included Indian soldiers, to fight against the British Government. While his efforts at overthrowing the British Government ultimately failed, he succeeded in gaining a lot of support for the Indian freedom struggle from other countries.

4. What is the structure of an essay?

In general, an essay consists of three parts – an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction comes first and usually consists of one short paragraph that briefly explains the topic and the thesis statement (when applicable). The next part is the body of the essay, which is the largest part of the essay. This can be any number of paragraphs. In the body, the writer explains their statement, gives evidence, and explains each individual point in separate paragraphs. The last part of the essay is the conclusion. In the conclusion, the writer briefly summarises all of the points discussed in the body of the essay and comes to a conclusion regarding the topic.

5. Where can I find more essays?

You can look through the Vedantu website or app for more essays like the one on Subhash Chandra Bose available on this page. Vedantu has plenty of example essays available for you to peruse and use as references. Some of the common topics used for English essays are historical figures, social issues, environmental issues, etc. By finding the appropriate example essays on Vedantu, you can learn how to structure your own essays, which will help you score higher in your exams.