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Market Research

17 research quotes to inspire and amuse you

Being a researcher requires dedication, hard work and more than a little inspiration. Here’s something to boost the last item on that list.

We’ve sourced some of the most interesting and thought-provoking research quotes we can find. We hope they’ll leave you feeling inspired and motivated to start – or complete – your best ever research project.

As these quotes show, research is a common thread running through all kinds of professions and pursuits, from Ancient Rome right up to the present day. If you practice research, you’re part of a long list of people throughout history, all dedicated to finding new knowledge and ideas that ultimately make the world a better place.

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1. “No research without action, no action without research”

- Kurt Lewin

Lewin (1890-1947) was a German-American social psychologist. He’s known for his theory that human behavior is a function of our psychological environment.

2. “Research is seeing what everybody else has seen and thinking what nobody else has thought.”

- Albert Szent-Györgyi

Szent-Györgyi (1893-1986) was a Hungarian pharmacologist known for his work on vitamins and oxidation. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1937.

3. "Bad news sells papers. It also sells market research."

- Byron Sharp

Sharp is Professor of Marketing Science and Director of the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute, the world’s largest centre for research into marketing.

4. "In fact, the world needs more nerds."

- Ben Bernanke

Bernanke is an American economist and former chair of the board of governors at the United Stares Federal Reserve.

5. "Research is what I'm doing when I don't know what I'm doing."

- Wernher von Braun

Von Braun (1912-1977) was a German-American physicist and rocket engineer whose team launched the first US satellite into space.

6. "Research is formalized curiosity. It is poking and prying with a purpose."

- Zora Neale Hurston

Hurston (1891-1960) was an American anthropologist and writer known for her research and writing on slavery, race, folklore and the African-American experience.

7. "Research is creating new knowledge."

- Neil Armstrong

Armstrong (1930-2012) was an American astronaut famed for being the first man to walk on the Moon.

8. "I believe in innovation and that the way you get innovation is you fund research and you learn the basic facts."

- Bill Gates

Gates needs little introduction – he’s an entrepreneur, philanthropist and the founder of Microsoft.

9. “The best research you can do is talk to people”

- Terry Pratchett

Pratchett is an award-winning British science fiction and fantasy author. He was knighted in 2009. He is known for The Hitch Hiker’s Guide to the Galaxy and the Discworld series.

10. “Research means that you don’t know, but are willing to find out”

- Charles F. Kettering

Kettering (1876-1958) was an American engineer, known for inventing the electric starter used in combustion engines, as well as other automobile technologies.

11. “Nothing has such power to broaden the mind as the ability to investigate systematically and truly all that comes under thy observation in life.”

- Marcus Aurelius

Marcus Aurelius (121-180) was a Roman Emperor and Stoic philosopher.

12. “It is a good thing for a research scientist to discard a pet hypothesis every day before breakfast.“

- Konrad Lorenz

Lorenz (1903-1989) was an Austrian biologist known for his game-changing research on animal behavior. He was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1973.

13. “Research is something that everyone can do, and everyone ought to do. It is simply collecting information and thinking systematically about it.”

- Raewyn Connell

Connell is an Australian sociologist. She is a former professor of at the University of Sydney and is known for her work on gender and transgender studies.

14. “As for the future, your task is not to foresee it, but to enable it.”

- Antoine de Saint Exupery

De Saint Exupery (1900-1944) was a French aviator, author and poet, best known for his story The Little Prince, one of the best-selling books of all time.

15. “It is a capital mistake to theorize before one has data.”

- Arthur Conan Doyle (writing as Sherlock Holmes)

Conan Doyle (1859-1930) was a British crime writer and creator of the legendary Sherlock Holmes, master of deduction.

16. “If we knew what we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?”

- Albert Einstein

Maybe the most famous scientist of all time, Albert Einstein (1879-1955) was a German physicist who came up with the theory of relativity. However, it was his description of the photoelectric effect, the interplay between light and electrically charged atoms, that won him the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.

17. “The power of statistics and the clean lines of quantitative research appealed to me, but I fell in love with the richness and depth of qualitative research.”

- Brené Brown

Brown is a researcher and storyteller studying courage, shame, empathy and vulnerability. She is a best-selling author and inspirational speaker. She is a research professor at the University of Houston.

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1. Introduction to RAW

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is one of the key intelligence agencies in India . The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) stands as one of India’s key intelligence agencies. It initially focused primarily on China and Pakistan, but over the past forty years, it has expanded its mandate, significantly bolstering India’s global influence. RAW’s primary responsibility is to provide the government with strategic and comprehensive information to facilitate challenging decision-making. Collaborating with numerous intelligence services globally, such as the CIA, MI6, and Mossad, RAW actively plans, executes, and exchanges intelligence.

2. Organisation

2.1 structure .

The Prime Minister of India directly oversees RAW through its director. Assisting the director is a deputy director and other senior officers responsible for overseeing various operational units and departments. RAW divides its operational sections based on specialisation and area of competence. The primary divisions of RAW are:

External Intelligence : This section is in charge of compiling and analysing data that originates from sources outside of India.
Technical Support Division : This division seeks to collect and process intelligence through the use of technology. Furthermore, it offers technical assistance to other RAW departments.
Aviation Research Centre : This division manages a fleet of aircraft and conducting aerial surveillance and reconnaissance missions.
Joint Intelligence Committee : The Joint Intelligence Committee coordinates all Indian intelligence institutions’.
Operations : The department bears the responsibility of planning and executing covert operations to fulfil India’s national security goals.

Besides these divisions, RAW comprises several other operational units. An example is special teams, a highly competent group of individuals conducting clandestine operations. RAW accepts applications from both military and civilian organisations in India.

In the end, the primary goals of RAW’s operational structure include gathering outside intelligence, carrying out covert activities, and advising the government on matters pertaining to national security. Thus, to safeguard India’s security interests, all of RAW’s sub departments convene and address threats to the country’s issues. [ source ].

2.2 Ranks

There are many types of ranks in RAW, and each rank has its own importance. According to the post, the officer has many responsibilities.

2.2.1 Class I/Group A Officer

1. Secretary/Additional Secretary (R)
2. Joint Secretary
3. Director/Deputy Secretary/Attach

2.2.3 Group A Officer

1. Senior Field Officer
2. Field Officer
3. Sub Area Officer
4. Assistant Field Officer

2.3 Job Profile of RAW Agent

A RAW agent’s duties include keeping tabs on military and political developments in the nations surrounding India. In essence, RAW agents in India have the principal duties and roles outlined below:

1. Gathering foreign intelligence
2. Conducting anti-terrorism operations
3. Advising policymakers in the country
4. Counterpropagation
5. Securing the country’s nuclear program [ source ].

2.4 Recruiting

In India, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) hires personnel from a variety of government agencies, armed forces, intelligence services, police departments, and administrative services, among others. However, this does not imply that these services are the only ones available for choosing in RAW.

It takes a significant amount of professional experience, besides strong educational credentials to become a RAW agent. Joining India’s Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is an extremely tough task. Candidates aspiring to join this esteemed organisation must maintain good physical and mental health to qualify. Additionally, they need to possess a graduating degree from a recognized institution or organisation to be eligible for job opportunities at RAW. The candidate must be proficient in at least one foreign language. Indeed, applicants should be proficient communicators with a keen recall. In addition, the candidates must be younger than 56 years old. In addition, the applicant ought to have over 20 years of service experience, a citizen of India and no criminal history or an active court case. Otherwise, they will not be qualified to work as a RAW agent

2.4.1 RAW Selection

RAW frequently selects talented applicants who have passed the UPSC Civil Services Test and opted to become IPS and IFS officials to serve as RAW officers. Only after completing the foundation course at the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration does a government servant become eligible for selection in RAW.

The instructors administer a psychological exam and conduct a raw interview at the end of the course. Those that make the shortlist begin a one-year internship at RAW. Appropriate people are recruited by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) for the Indian civil services, which include the IAS, IPS, IFS, and other related services. Given that, the UPSC Civil Services Test is divided into three phases. UPSC Mains and Personality Test, UPSC Interview, and UPSC Preliminary Examination [ source ].

3.0 RAW Operational Information

3.1 foreign intelligence.

RAW supports numerous significant operations on foreign land with intelligence. It collaborates closely with intelligence agencies in India, including the Intelligence Bureau (IB). Through both overt and covert missions, the agency gathers military, economic, scientific, and political intelligence. Additionally, it keeps an eye on gangs involved in importing weapons and ammunition into India and terrorist groups. The primary focus of RAW is India’s neighbors. Additionally, RAW also provides Indian officials with gathered information, which they then utilize to modify the country’s foreign and national security policies. [ source ].

3.2 Achievements of RAW

Over the years, the leading foreign intelligence agency in India, Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), has been instrumental in numerous noteworthy accomplishments. Among its notable accomplishments are:

Role in the creation of Bangladesh : Early in the 1970s, RAW played a significant role in supporting the Bangladeshi independence movement against Pakistan, which led to the creation of Bangladesh. [ source ].
Strategic Intelligence in Kargil War : RAW gave crucial intelligence regarding the opponent’s military coordinates, position, force size, etc. during the 1999 Kargil conflict. This aided the Indian Army in organizing and hitting the military locations of the adversary. [ source ].
Pakistan’s Nuclear Programme : In the 1980s, Pakistan was developing a nuclear program that posed a major threat to the Indian government. RAW was instrumental in providing intelligence about this program, which finally led to Pakistan’s arrest. Other nations put pressure on them to cease their nuclear activities. [ source ].
Surgical Strike : Numerous Indian troops were killed when Pakistan assaulted India’s Uri military camp in 2016. The counterattack was skillfully orchestrated and executed by the Indian Army. The RAW agency supplied details regarding the enemy’s personnel, positions, and other aspects [ source ].
Balakot Airstrike : 2019 saw attacks on Indian Army soldiers in Pulwama. RAW assisted in organizing and carrying out the 2019 Balakot Airstrike as a counterattack. The bombing resulted in the destruction of a terrorist training facility in Pakistan, causing significant damage and deaths. [ source ].
RAW has been instrumental in a number of noteworthy achievements that have significantly impacted India’s national security. It made significant contributions to the Kargil War, the Bangladeshi independence movement, and the discovery of Pakistan’s nuclear program, to name a few. RAW is still needed to conduct clandestine operations, get outside intelligence, and counsel the government on matters pertaining to national security.

4.0 Recent Operations

4.1 ‘the print’ article on raw .

The Delhi High Court denied a request asking the Central Government to order the publication of an article on Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) by the digital news site “The Print” to be blocked. In essence, it stated that publication encompasses both the right to know and elements of press freedom.

The appeal of lawyer Raghav Awasthi to establish norms prohibiting media outlets from publishing any source-based speculation regarding the whereabouts of government officials or diplomats sent overseas was denied by a division bench consisting of Acting Chief Justice Manmohan and Justice Manmeet Pritam Singh Arora. employed by an Indian spy agency.

The Print released the contentious piece on 30 November of last year. The article is titled “Nijjar-Pannun effect: RAW closes doors in North America for the first time since founding in 1968.” According to Awasthi, the report jeopardises the careers of the officers it mentions because they are now stigmatised as intelligence officers and therefore cannot serve for any other Indian mission [ source ].

The Government of India keeps the right, under applicable law, to take action against any magazine or to remove any article which, in its opinion, compromises national security. “In the prima facie opinion of this Court, the impugned article does not compromise the career of the officers, or cause any physical harm to the lives of their family members.” It stated that intelligence matters and the relationship between the Indian government and foreign governments should be handled extremely cautiously and that the Central Government does not need any advisory support from Awasthi. [ source ].

4.2 Canadian Sikh Leader’s Killing Sparks Diplomatic Tensions

In the midst of the escalating diplomatic crisis between India and Canada after New Delhi accused him of assassination, the death of a Sikh leader with Canadian citizenship on 18 J2023, close to Vancouver, western Canada, where a large number of Sikhs reside, highlights the growing work of the Indian intelligence agency and its reliance on expanding its network in the West under the rule of Narendra Modi.

The Canadian government announced the expulsion of an Indian diplomat it claimed was engaged in the assassination, and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau accused India of being involved in the death of Hardeep Singh Nigar.

Rejecting these charges, New Delhi stated that terrorists and extremists who it said threatened India’s security are given sanctuary in Canada.

According to R. said K. Yadav’s memoirs, India’s foreign intelligence agency “transformed into a bold organization, capable of carrying out its operations across the globe to protect the interests of Indian citizens.” Yadav was an officer in the agency for nearly forty years [ source ].

Canada-India diplomatic tensions worsen over accusations about Sikh leader's murder | South China Morning Post

4.3 Terrorist Attacks in Pakistan

There has been a notable increase in terrorist attacks in Pakistan. The most recent incident was a suicide bombing on 29 September 2022, which targeted a religious gathering in the Mastung area of Balochistan province, southwest Pakistan, during the Prophet’s Mohamed Birthday celebration. The attack claimed the lives of sixty people. Numerous people suffered injuries.

A few hours later, another explosion rocked a mosque during Friday prayers in the Hangu district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, northwest Pakistan, resulting in the deaths of at least five people and injuries to twelve others.

Although no one has yet claimed responsibility for the two most recent attacks, Pakistan’s Interim Interior Minister Sarfraz Ahmed Bugti alleges Indian involvement in the Balochistani attack. In Quetta, the capital of Balochistan province, he briefed reporters, implicating the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) of the Indian Intelligence Agency in the recent terrorist attacks in the Karachi region, located in the south of the country. [ source ].

5. Conclusion

In conclusion, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) stands as a crucial pillar in India’s intelligence infrastructure, dedicated to providing strategic intelligence crucial for national security decision-making. Moreover, its structured organisational setup, comprising various departments and operational units, underscores its multifaceted approach towards gathering external intelligence and executing covert operations. Notably, RAW’s achievements, spanning from its pivotal role in the creation of Bangladesh to its contributions during conflicts like the Kargil War and operations against terrorism, highlight its significant impact on India’s security landscape.

Recruitment into RAW demands stringent criteria, including educational qualifications, experience, and expertise in foreign languages, thereby ensuring a highly skilled and capable workforce. Furthermore, collaboration with other intelligence agencies and governmental bodies, coupled with its proactive stance in gathering intelligence, serves to strengthen India’s defence and policy-making capabilities.

However, recent events, such as the diplomatic tensions following accusations of RAW involvement in incidents abroad and the escalating terrorist attacks in neighbouring Pakistan, underscore the ongoing challenges and complexities faced by intelligence agencies in maintaining regional stability and safeguarding national interests.

As the geopolitical landscape evolves, RAW’s adaptability and effectiveness in addressing emerging threats while upholding principles of transparency and accountability will remain paramount. Moreover, collaborative efforts, both domestically and internationally, are essential to counteract evolving security challenges effectively. Therefore, RAW’s continued commitment to excellence and innovation will be instrumental in shaping India’s security paradigm in the years to come.

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5 The Research and Analysis Wing

Published: March 2024
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The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India’s external intelligence agency, has been in operation for over five decades, yet the organization has no constitutional status in India. There is no official history of R&AW, and the little that is known about this organization can be gleaned from a handful of memoirs authored by former serving officers focused largely on covert operations. This chapter focuses primarily on the organizational aspects of the R&AW and aims to provide a clearer institutional account of one of India’s principal security institutions. This chapter is based on a careful survey of media reports on and analyses of the organization, government reports, and interviews with former officers and experts. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first outlines the history and the core objectives of the R&AW. The second shines a light on its governance, including its organizational structure, recruitment policies, external oversight, and human and financial capital. In the concluding section, the authors analyse the agency’s need for change and reform.

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RN Kao, RAW’s first chief, laid the foundations of Indian espionage

Kao founded the research and analysis wing (r&aw) in 1968 and headed it till 1977. within a short time after setting it up, he was able to recruit a large number of persons with special skills, not available through normal bureaucratic channels, with great results..

Union Home Minister Amit Shah is delivering the R N Kao memorial lecture today. How do we remember Kao, who was one of the most powerful intelligence chiefs in India’s history? He founded a new organisation, gave it a totally new work culture and broke the back of the biggest security threat to our nation. Yet Kao, whose birth centenary was last year, had no shade of arrogance in his behaviour and was a warm-hearted and kind man behind the veneer of an extraordinary aura and trappings of power.

When India won Independence in 1947, it did not have an intelligence organisation to meet the security requirements of a nation which was born in conflicts and bloodshed. The Intelligence Bureau (IB) that India inherited from the British catered only for imperial interests both in internal and external spheres. The British chose the Indian police for carrying out both functions as it suited the colonial administration to have a coercive arm for executing these priorities. This arrangement did not suit a nascent nation like India, which was emerging as a role model for other newly-independent countries.

This responsibility came on the shoulders of the legendary Bhola Nath Mullik, the second director of IB (1950-64). Mullik says it was Jawaharlal Nehru who guided the IB in the art of fixing intelligence priorities by regularly addressing its officers. He gave them a wider perspective of how intelligence, especially foreign intelligence, not only protected nascent democratic countries but also allowed them to gain influence in the game of power politics. Kao was groomed by Mullik in undertaking these external intelligence tasks.

Kao’s first overseas assignment was helping the Hong Kong police in investigating one of the earliest cases of aviation terrorism. On April 11, 1955 Air India’s “Kashmir Princess” to Jakarta, carrying delegates for the Afro-Asian Conference in Bandung, crashed into the sea. China’s Prime Minister Zhou Enlai, who was to have been on the flight, escaped since he cancelled his trip at the last moment. Investigation revealed suspected Taiwanese involvement through an airport cleaner, who planted American made MK-7 detonator. Years later, a French source revealed that Zhou, who was the founder of Chinese intelligence, was alerted in advance by his sources.

The 1971 Indo-Pak war which split Pakistan was the high point of Kao’s career. However, the task was not easy as Kao had to face bureaucratic hurdles at every stage in 1968 to create a separate foreign intelligence unit. He used to tell me that apart from old colleagues’ obstructive tactics, he also had to overcome a scheming deputy secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat, who would whittle down all higher level decisions on financial, administrative and operational issues.

Kao founded the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) in 1968 and headed it till 1977. Within a short time after setting it up, he was able to recruit a large number of persons with special skills, not available through normal bureaucratic channels, with great results. He hired a retired army officer whose unit could intercept advance intelligence on Pakistan’s pre-emptive air attack on December 3, 1971. The satellite monitoring facility set up by his part-time aide, who was working full-time in another technical department, came in handy even later during the Pakistan’s clandestine nuclear bomb project period.

Kao would not agree to record his significant role in creating Bangladesh. Former minister Jairam Ramesh has done a great service in unearthing the historical record of the 1971 operations while writing his seminal biography of P N Haksar (PNH). He could find from PNH’s archives the latter’s proposal to the prime minister to make Kao the coordinator of a high-level committee on deciding aid to Bangladesh freedom fighters. Indira Gandhi issued the order on March 2, 1971, constituting this committee designating Kao as the convenor.

Kao was at his best while interacting with foreign intelligence chiefs with whom he cultivated personal bonds. Volumes could be written on his silent contribution in building up high-level relationship to protect and expand our strategic interests, achieving what normal diplomacy could not. Mossad chief Nahum Admoni has told me that he was an admirer of Kao. I was a witness to Kao’s personal friendship with the then French external intelligence chief, Le Conte Alexandre de Marenches, the colourful aristocrat, nick named “Porthos” because of his size, who held the longest tenure of directorship of the French external service SDECE, now called DGSE.

It was Marenches-Kao-Nematollah Nassiri (of Iran’s Savak) who conceived the idea of “Trilateral cooperation” between France, India and the Shah’s Iran in the mid Seventies to carve out an independent role, to offset the growing US-USSR rivalry in the Indian Ocean. Unfortunately, this secret project could not last as Kao demitted office in 1977, Nassiri was killed by the Khomeni regime in 1979 and Marenches was sacked by President Mitterand.

When Indira Gandhi returned to power, she made Kao the senior security advisor in 1981. Kao was the first to conclude that it was not enough that intelligence is collected through different agencies but that somebody should coordinate and arbitrate the output before presenting it to the policy makers. He thus set up the foundations of a future National Security Council system by establishing a “Policy and Research Staff” (PARS) to function as a think tank and policy adviser to the government. In doing this, he practised what Henry Kissinger said much later: “The Security Adviser’s contact with media and foreign diplomats should be to the minimum. Conduct of foreign policy should be left to the Secretary of State”.

This article first appeared in the August 20 print edition under the title ‘Spy who came in from the cold’. The writer is a former Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat

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Tom Griffin on intelligence history

Research and analysis wing (r&aw), india's foreign intelligence agency since 1968.

The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is India's external intelligence agency. 1

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Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) of India: History, Purpose & Challenges

From its inception, RAW embraced unconventional methods, often relying on deception, misinformation, and audacious covert operations to achieve its objectives.

Moto: controversial, multifaceted mandate: safeguarding india’s interests, disintegration of pakistan, ravindra kaushik, afghanistan, controlling kashmir insurgency, challenges and controversy of shadows, future imperatives: adapting to a changing world, conclusion: silent guardian stands watch.

In the realm of international espionage, shrouded in secrecy and whispered legends, operates India’s enigmatic intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW).

Established in 1968, RAW stands as a sentinel,safeguarding the nation’s security through meticulous intelligence gathering, daring covert operations, and unwavering counter-terrorism efforts.

To delve into the world of RAW is to embark on a thrilling journey through the shadows, where unseen hands shape global events and national destinies hang in the balance.

Genesis of RAW: Brahmanical Imprint?

Foreign intelligence failure during the 1962 Sino-Indian War led then-Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru to order a dedicated foreign intelligence agency to be established.

However Nehru died in 1964 and later Indira Gandhi (Nehru’s daughter) government decided to create a full-fledged intelligence agency based on the blueprint submitted by Rameshwar Nath Kao, then a deputy director of the Intelligence Bureau. Kao was subsequently also appointed as the first chief of RAW.

RN Kao was born in Varanasi on 10 May 1918 to a Kashmiri Brahmin family who migrated from Srinagar district of Jammu and Kashmir. He was brought up by his uncle Pandit Trilokinath Kao. From 1989, Kao dedicated his time largely to the task of restoring the dignity and honour of the Kashmiri Pandits .

The Motto of RAW is Dharmo Rakshati Rakshitah a Sanskrit phrase from Manusmriti which means “ Dharma protect those who protect it ”. Does it mean that the purpose of RAW is to protect the Dharma (birth based occupational duties determined by the Caste or Varna System) as envisioned in Manusmriti and other Brahmanical scriptures like Bhagavad Gita .

For the unversed, Manusmriti is a controversial Brahmanical book symbolically burnt by BR Ambedkar , the architect of India’s constitution to liberate vast majority of Bahujan classes (OBCs, SCs & STs) from Brahmanical oppressions.

With respect to this Dharma, Bhagavad Gita in chapter 3 verse 35 says that one should rather die discharging their prescribed Dharma (caste determined duties) faultly, than discharging other’s prescribed duties perfectly as it has extremely dangerous consequences.

श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुण: परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात् | स्वधर्मे निधनं श्रेय: परधर्मो भयावह: || 3:35||

It is far better to perform one’s natural prescribed duty, though tinged with faults, than to perform another’s prescribed duty, though perfectly. In fact, it is preferable to die in the discharge of one’s duty, than to discharge other’s prescribed duties as it has extremely dangerous consequences. 3:35

श्रेयान्स्वधर्मो विगुण: परधर्मात्स्वनुष्ठितात् | स्वभावनियतं कर्म कुर्वन्नाप्नोति किल्बिषम् || 18:47||

It is better to do one’s own prescribed occupational duties, even though imperfectly, than to do another’s prescribed occupational duties, even though perfectly. By doing one’s innate duties, a person does not incur sin. 18:47

There are certain other elite Brahminical ideas that makes it extremely dangerous for human fraternity and equality. These include philosophies like-

Aham Brahmasmi (I am God): Through this elite and Brahmanical classes justify all they do thinking themselves to be God leading to a system devoid of any remorse, responsibility and accountability. Perhaps, this is the reason they never apologised for the caste atrocities.
Sam Daam Dand Bhed (Lets prevail over others by any hook or crook): Interestingly, mighty empires and dynasts based on this philosophy still crumbled as Holy Quran says “ They plan and plot and God also plans and the God is the best amongst planners ”.
Advaita Vedanta (Creator and Creation are one and same): This legalizes idol worship , ritualism, etc as a wholesale religious cooperative with Brahmins at the helm; also prevents unity and liberation of masses engulfed in endless religious jargon and superstitions.

All of the above is well reflected in working styles of RAW which since its inception embraced unconventional methods, often relying on deception, misinformation, targeted killings & assassinations and audacious covert operations to achieve its objectives.

According to noted constitutional law scholar Rajeev Bhargava “It [Brahmanism] is a sociopolitical ideology that encodes a memory of an ideal past and a vision of society in the future, one in which Brahmins occupy the highest place not only as exclusive guardians of a higher, spiritual realm but also as sole providers of wisdom on virtually every practical issue of this world. They possess superior knowledge of what a well-ordered society is and how a good state must be run. More importantly, their superior position in society and their superior knowledge stems from birth. This makes them naturally, intrinsically superior to all other humans, so superior that they form a separate species ( jati ) altogether. Nothing can challenge or alter this fact. No one becomes a Brahmin, but is born so. This sociopolitical ideology makes hierarchy necessary, rigid and irreversible. Brahmanism then is the most perfect form of conservatism, a status-quoist ideology par excellence, entirely suitable to elites who wish to perpetuate their social status, power and privilege. Paradoxically, this is the also the reason why it spread everywhere in India and beyond and why it endures: regardless of your religio-philosphical world view, if you are a privileged elite, you would find this ideology irresistible.”

وَمَكَرُوْا وَمَكَرَ اللّٰهُ ؕ وَاللّٰهُ خَیْرُ الْمٰكِرِیْنَ And they plan. God also has planned and God is the best of planners. Holy Quran 3:54

RAW’s primary functions encompass a vast spectrum. Gathering foreign intelligence on matters concerning national security, thwarting and infiltrating terrorist networks, and safeguarding India’s strategic interests abroad are at the core of its mandate.

The agency’s tentacles reach far and wide, from monitoring foreign governments and militant groups to conducting covert operations to disrupt potential threats before they materialize.

R&AW maintains active liaison with other agencies and services in various countries. Those agencies include SVR of Russia, Afghanistan’s NDS, Israel’s Mossad, Germany’s BND, the CIA and MI6 have been well-known, a common interest being Pakistan’s nuclear programme

A Legacy of Triumph: RAW’s Pivotal Moments

One of RAW’s most celebrated successes lies in its crucial role during the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971.

Through covert operations and tactical support to Mukti Bahini rebels, RAW played a pivotal role in dismantling Pakistan’s Eastern wing and paving the way for Bangladesh’s independence. This operation cemented RAW’s reputation as a formidable force in the world of international espionage.

R&AW’s most successful spy Ravindra Kaushik spied in Pakistan in the 1970s. Ravindra Kaushik was born in Sri Ganganagar, Rajasthan on 11 April 1952 in Brahmin family. His father, JM Kaushik, was an Indian Air Force officer.

Kaushik was trained in Delhi for two years to be an undercover Operative in Pakistan. He was also trained to live life as a Muslim and was taught the Urdu language.

Kaushik converted to Islam, underwent circumcision and was given the cover name “Nabi Ahmed Shakir”.

After successfully getting admission in Karachi University, he completed his LL.B. After his graduation, joined Pakistan Army as a commissioned officer and was eventually promoted to the rank of major. He married a local girl named Amaanat and fathered a boy, who died in 2012–2013.

From 1979 to 1983, Kaushik worked as a Pakistani army officer, sending valuable information to India’s R&AW. He was given the title of ‘Black Tiger’ by the Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi.

However, in September 1983, Kaushik was caught & captured by ISI and tortured for two years at an interrogation center in Sialkot. He was sentenced to death in 1985; his sentence was later commuted to a life term by the Supreme Court of Pakistan.

He managed to secretly send letters to his family in India, which revealed his poor health and the trauma he faced in Pakistani jails. In one of his letters, he wrote:

Kya Bharat jaise bade desh ke liye kurbani dene waalon ko yahi milta hai?” (Is this what people who sacrifice their lives for a big country like India get?)

In November 2001, he died of pulmonary tuberculosis and heart disease in Central Jail Mianwali in Pakistan. According to Ravindra’s family, the Indian government had refused to recognise him and had made no effort to help him.

During the Soviet War in Afghanistan, R&AW had recruited three powerful warlords, including Ahmad Shah Massoud.

In 1996, R&AW had built a 25-bed military hospital at the Farkhor Air Base. This airbase was used by the Aviation Research Centre, the reconnaissance arm of R&AW, to repair and operate the Northern Alliance’s aerial support. This relationship was further cemented in the 2001 Afghan war.

After the September 11, 2001 attacks, R&AW provided the intelligence to western countries that there were over 120 training camps operating in Afghanistan and Pakistan, run by a variety of militant groups .

On 15 June 2023, Avtar Singh Khanda, the UK-based chief of the Khalistan Liberation Force (KLF) was suddenly admitted to the hospital with a case of blood cancer, and later died. His followers in the UK believe that Indian intelligence had him poisoned and are demanding the full medical report.

On 19 June 2023, Hardeep Singh Nijjar , a prominent Khalistani leader and alleged chief of the Khalistan Tiger Force was shot to death outside the parking lot of Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara in Surrey, British Columbia.

This was heavily seen as an R&AW assassination operation by not only followers of Nijjar, but also from Canadian officials.

On 18 September 2023, Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau formally accused the Indian government of the killing and acknowledged the expulsion of a prominent Indian diplomat responsible for R&AW activities in the country.

Operation Chanakya also marked the creation of pro-Indian groups in Kashmir like the Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen, Muslim Mujahideen etc.

These counter-insurgencies consist of ex-militants and relatives of those slain in the conflict. Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen leader Kokka Parrey was himself assassinated by separatists.

In 1998, Mirza Dilshad Beg, a Nepalese parliamentarian and an ISI informant was assassinated by R&AW.

Assassination of Raju Pargai & Amit Arya was shot in 2011, who was running Mirza Dilshad Beg entire network in Uttarakhand.

In 2015, it was allegedly reported by the Sri Lankan newspaper The Sunday Times, that R&AW had played a role in uniting the opposition, to bring about the defeat of Mahinda Rajapaksa . There had been growing concern in the Indian government, on the increasing influence of economic and military rival China in Sri Lankan affairs.

From its inception R&AW has been criticised for being an agency not answerable to the people of India (R&AW reports to Prime Minister only) . Fears arose that it could turn into the KGB of India.

The main controversy which has plagued R&AW in recent years is over bureaucratisation of the system with allegations about favouritism in promotions, corruption, ego clashes, no financial accountability, inter-departmental rivalry, etc .

Noted security analyst and former Additional Secretary B. Raman has criticised the agency for its asymmetric growth; “ while being strong in its capability for covert action it is weak in its capability for intelligence collection, analysis and assessment. Strong in low and medium-grade intelligence, weak in high-grade intelligence. Strong in technical intelligence, weak in human intelligence . Strong in collation, weak in analysis. Strong in investigation, weak in prevention. Strong in crisis management, weak in crisis prevention. “

Over the years, RAW has faced numerous challenges, navigating the treacherous terrain of Cold War politics, tackling the rise of global terrorism, and countering internal threats. From the hijacking of IC-814 in 1999 to the Mumbai terror attacks of 2008, RAW has been at the forefront of India’s response to these crises, often operating under immense pressure and public scrutiny.

Despite its successes, RAW remains shrouded in an aura of mystery . Its operations are rarely acknowledged, and its agents operate under assumed identities, their sacrifices often unsung .

The veil of secrecy surrounding the agency is both necessary and controversial. While it allows RAW to operate with impunity and effectiveness, it also fuels speculation and accusations of human rights violations and illegal activities.

However, one aspect of RAW’s operations remains undeniable: its unwavering commitment to India’s national security.

From its role in securing India’s nuclear program to its covert operations against terrorist networks, RAW has played a crucial role in shaping India’s position on the global stage.

Looking ahead, RAW faces new challenges in the form of cyber warfare, rising regional tensions, and the ever-evolving landscape of global terrorism.

The agency must adapt its methods, embrace technological advancements, and continue to recruit and train the best minds in the country to safeguard India’s future.

The Research and Analysis Wing stands as a testament to India’s resolve and strategic prowess.

As the world grapples with an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape, RAW’s role as India’s silent guardian becomes even more vital.

While its operations may remain shrouded in secrecy, its impact on India’s national security is undeniable.

The veiled eye of RAW continues to watch, ensuring that India stands tall amidst the shadows of the international stage.

Icg ship samudra paheredar arrives at manila bay, philippines, major anti-missile systems in the world: countering aerial threats, cbi diamond jubilee celebrations addressed by pm, konkan 2023: indo-uk maritime exercise concludes; read major details here, amphex 2023: tri-services amphibious exercise concludes.

Pak Major Killed & a Colonel Injured in Zhob Operation in Restive Balochistan

Pok rising: violent protests rock pakistan-occupied jammu&kashmir, pakistan: experts warns enactment of new cyber crime agency is to suppress dissent, jeopardising future of many pakistani girls, militants blow up all-girls school in north waziristan, pakistan: restrictions at torkham crossing affecting local business in peshawar, a war in shadows: the ‘covert operations’ of the research and analysis wing (raw).

India, due to the changing geopolitics, is perpetually at a war in the shadows; thus, peace here is an illusion. As the soldiers in uniform, guard our borders, on all three fronts: Water, Air and Land; A group of highly trained and motivated soldiers patrol the globe under disguise and code names, to gather information, activate sleeper spies and double agents, set honey traps, and bribe the informants – all for protecting our beloved country, India.

These unseen, unsung heroes are the spies of India’s formidable spy agency: ‘Research and Analysis Wing’ (RAW). Theoretically, RAW is India’s external intelligence agency, placed to uncover sinister plans against the nation and to eliminate the traitors at great personal risk but practically, its operational reach and remit are unlimited, the agency has a massive budget. The RAW was intentionally established as a ‘wing’ to bypass the agency reporting requirements to Parliament and thus is also exempted from the Right to Information Act of 2005.

Working undercover across the globe, the contacts and the chase; Working with India’s premier intelligence agency is such an Adrenaline pumping occupation. Let’s explore this Intelligence unit inside-out, through its genesis, covert operations and see if it’s worth it all.

‘Declassified’ RAW Operations: A truly epic tale to tell

Operation Smiling Buddha

Smiling Buddha, the code name which was chosen for India’s first nuclear programme designated as Pokhran-1 in May 1974, under the leadership of Indira Gandhi. At a first, RAW was getting involved in a project inside India. The task was to keep the entire operation under wraps from the CIA.

Finally, on May 18th, India successfully tested the 15-kiloton of plutonium device at Pokhran and became a member of the elite group of nuclear-ready nations. With this feat, outside the five permanent United Nations Security Council (UNSC) members, India became the first country to conduct a nuclear test. The operation was carried out without any critical hindrance and with such precision that the intelligence agencies across globe were taken by surprise.

After the test, Dr Raja Ramanna (the then director of India’s premier nuclear research institute Bhabha Atomic Research Centre) called the then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and told her, “The Buddha has smiled”.

Operation Kahuta

RAW got to know about Pakistan’s nuclear programmes at Khan Research Laboratories in a small town called Kahuta, which also is was an emerging centre of its long-range missile development, in the Rawalpindi district.

By analysing the hair samples from the barber shops nearby, RAW figured out the isntallation of gas centrifuge enrichment technology to produce Highly Enriched Uranium (HEU). RAW started operation Kahuta to infiltrate Pakistan’s nuclear energy installations, and this could have been a huge success on intelligence front but it went horribly wrong.

It is said that once during a telephonic conversation, Morarji Desai informed the then Pakistan President, Zia-ul-Haq, that India was aware of Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program. According to reports, acting on this “tip-off”, the Pakistani intelligence managed to track and kill all of RAW’s officers and sources in Kahuta, leaving India in the dark about Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program from then on.

Curbing the Khalistan Movement

Backed by the ISI, the Khalistani militancy reached its peak in the mid-80s. RAW set up two covert task forces to counter the militants in Punjab. RAW managed to flush out Khalistani militants from the streets of Punjab, and also destabilised several major cities in Pakistan, eventually forcing ISI to retreat.

Operation Meghdoot

Operation Meghdoot, the code name for the Indian Armed Forces’ operation launched to seize control of the Siachen Glacier in Kashmir. It is a perfect example of how keeping one’s eyes and ears open can save a lot for your nation.

Executed on the morning of 13 April 1984, on the highest battlefield in the world, Operation Meghdoot pre-empted Pakistan’s impending Operation Ababeel (intended to achieve the same objective) and was a success, resulting in Indian forces gaining control of the Siachen Glacier in its entirety. The tip off came to RAW from a London-based garment company that informed them that Pakistan too had bought similar Arctic weather gear which they had earlier supplied to the Indian troops for the Northern Ladakh region.

Operation Chanakya

During the peak of the Kashmir violence, RAW was assigned the task of infiltrating the Kashmiri separatist groups backed by ISI and restoring peace in the beautiful Kashmir valley.

RAW successfully managed to infiltrate in the area and gather evidence of ISI’s involvement in the funding and training of Kashmiri separatist groups. Operation Chanakya also marked the creation of pro-Indian groups in Kashmir like the Ikhwan-ul-Muslimeen, Muslim Mujahideen etc. which later helped in infiltrating and neutralising the militancy in the Kashmir valley.

Operation Cactus

Operation Cactus, the codename given to the intervention of India to defeat the 1988 Maldives coup d’état attempt when around 200 Tamil rebels invaded the Maldives to overthrow the Government. The Indian Armed Forces, at the request of the Maldives’ President, with RAW’s assistance, launched a military campaign to clean out the mercenaries. Paratroopers were lifted from Agra to the Maldives by the Indian Air Force. A precise operation was carried out by all three forces and RAW, and they helped restore the government’s rule in the island nation within hours.

Operation Leech

One of the most unheard of but also the most controversial intelligence operation put out was Operation Leech. Operation Leech is the name given to an armed operation on the Indo-Burmese border in 1998.

Myanmar has always been a tricky area for Indian intelligence. As per the report, India wanted to establish a stable government. RAW established pro-democracy parties like the Kachin Independence Army (KIA). But, relations with KIA turned sour and RAW initiated Operation Leech. The mission was to assassinate the rebel leaders. In 1998, six top rebel leaders were shot dead and 34 Arakanese guerrillas were arrested on the account of gun-running in the country.

Snatch Ops for the Intelligence Bureau on Foreign Land

RAW has also been carrying out snatch ops. RAW officers, on input from agencies in India, bypass a lengthy extradition process by catching the suspect in a foreign country and getting them into the country for interrogation in undisclosed locations.

In over a decade, RAW has taken up more than 400 such operations. Some famous terrorists nabbed are Yasin Bhatkal founder leader of the proscribed terrorist organisation Indian Mujahideen; Lashkar militants Tariq Mehmood and Abdul Karim Tunda; Bhupinder Singh of the Khalistan Commando Force; Sheikh Abdul Khwaja, one of the handlers of the 2008 Mumbai attacks among others.

Amalgamation of Sikkim into India

Sikkim, bordered by the Indian state of West Bengal and India’s neighbours, Tibet, Nepal, and Bhutan in the Eastern Himalayas was a Monarchy. After India’s Independence in 1947, Sikkim became a protectorate under India, which controlled its defence, external affairs, diplomacy and communications.

In 1972, Indira Gandhi authorised RAW to install a pro-Indian democratic government there. RAW did wonders. After widespread demonstration and rioting against the Monarchy in Sikkim, in 1975 a referendum was held in which 97.5% of the electorate (in a nation where 59% of the population could vote) voted to join the Indian Union. And, in less than three years after RAW initiated its operation, on April 26, 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union.

War of 1971 and the birth of Bangladesh

RAW played a crucial role in the creation of Bangladesh. RAW is credited with training, supplying ammunition and intelligence inputs to the Mukti Bahini (Bangladeshi Guerilla Organisation) of Bangladesh. Nearly 10 Million refugees fled to India in the aftermath of Pakistan’s military crackdown in the then East Pakistan. Special Frontier Force (the paramilitary wing of RAW) actively participated in military operations along the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

One failed mission amidst this was preventing the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, which RAW claimed that its input was ignored by the leader and later he was killed along with 40 other members of his family. But, the they successfully thwarted the assassination of Sheikh Mujibur’s daughter, Sheikh Hasina (the current Prime Minister of Bangladesh).

Operation Sri Lanka

RAW played a double game in Sri Lanka wherein it helped the Sri Lankan Army to destroy the ‘Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam’ (LTTE) while protecting Indian assets against President Rajapaksa’s hitmen and the Tigers.

Later, the Indian govt took a principled decision by supporting the Sri Lankan army’s offensive over LTTE because the entire international community had outrage over the LTTE’s string of suicide bombings. Between 2007 and 2009, when Sri Lanka declared complete victory over the LTTE, it was R&AW which transferred the satellite imagery evidence of all the Tigers’ camps in the eastern and northern provinces to the Sri Lankan military.

Operation Satori

There is no documented evidence of this Operation, nor do any declassified files exist but RAW did conduct this operation in Sri Lanka with the help of a ‘mysterious’ maid named Sundari, a Sinhalese-speaking Tamil woman who worked to evacuate the RAW officials and secrets from Sri Lanka after they were brought to the notice of president Gotabaya Rajapaksa spies’.

RAW had the confirmed report that the Chinese were secretly providing arms and ammunition to the Sri Lankan army during the civil war and going to invest more than $2 billion in Sri Lanka.

Operation Hornet

Operation Hornet was launched by RAW in two cities; Paris and London simultaneously, to neutralize the UK-based Abdul Khan, a Pakistani national, who was planning attacks in India with the intervention of ISI and some Indian-Sikh businessmen based in the UK namely, Avtaar Sethi, Harbakhsh Singh, BN Sandhu, and Harpreet Ahuja in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star of 1984.

This one operation had every element of a blockbuster Spy movie; Honey trap, Greediness, Phone tapping, Psy-Ops, Recruiting the Mole, Surveillance, Breaking of the Terror Funding, the Chase and finally Knockout. Sanjeev Jindal, the Indian RAW agent, along with foreign informer and operatives Clarke and Sophie, laid the trap, and Khan was shot dead.

Concluding Remarks and References

RAW, apart from these, took several other intelligence operations to safeguard India’s interests. War in Fiji, and Shadowy War in Washington to hunt traitors are some of the other disclosed operations carried out by RAW, the details of which can be found in the Books;

‘RAW: A history of India’s covert operations’ by Yatish Yadav
‘India’s External Intelligence: Secrets of R&AW’ by Major General VK Singh
‘RN Kao: Gentleman Spymaster’ by Nitin A Gokhale
‘The War that made RAW’ by Anushka Nandkumar and Sandeep Saket
‘Spy Stories – Inside the secret world of the RAW and ISI’ by Adrian Levy and Cathy Scott-Clark

As the first line of defence against overseas threats, the agency continues to provide intelligence to the prime minister and various security agencies, speaking truth to power. At the same time, the intelligence agency requires a clear political direction with zero interference if it is to maintain its neutrality, speed and efficiency.

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How RN Kao and his team created India’s espionage playbook through the Research & Analysis Wing

An excerpt from ‘the war that made r&aw’, by anusha nandakumar and sandeep saket..

The birth of R&AW resembled the completion of a complex puzzle. The core team [Rameshwar Nath] Kao gathered around him had painstakingly helped him bring it together. Sankaran Nair, MBK Nair, IS Hassanwalia and PN Banerjee were some of his frontmen.

One of the rules that Kao had insisted upon during the formation of the agency was that nothing be written down.

Even the status reports prepared for the prime minister would be typed out based on memory, and the document would be hand-delivered to Gandhi by Kao himself. The rule was implicit – no copies, no rough notes, no trail.

Hence, when Kao called for a meeting with his core team, the visual was contrary to the popular image of a meeting between high-ranking Intelligence officers. There were no large boards with writing all over them, no notepads strewn on the table, and no files stacked on top of each other. It was just the spies and the spymaster, discussing strategy.

“Knowledge is power,” Kao said in one of the early meetings, addressing the core team assembled in front of him. “and the proverb holds true for Intelligence agencies more than any other entity. Where the IB failed, we have to succeed.”

The one thing that the new agency absolutely could not afford was to become a cheap knock-off of the IB.

“Unlike the IB, R&AW will dedicate time to asset building,” declared Kao.

Agents and on-ground informers are the assets of an Intelligence agency. They eventually become windows into foreign and enemy territories. HUMINT (human intelligence) is of utmost importance, Kao stressed. A spy would be able to gather information, interpret it in terms of threat perception and transmit it back home in a way that no machine or device – however technologically advanced – ever could.

The days of slipping currency notes to poor villagers living along the border in exchange for information were fast fading away, for the simple reason that those methods could not penetrate deep into enemy territory. The R&AW would rely heavily on the presence of foot soldiers or agents on the ground.

These soldiers would deal not in blood and bone but in knowledge. Every titbit, every scrap of information picked up from the ground, would be another brick in the edifice of national Intelligence.

At R&AW, it would be imperative for anyone joining the team to unlearn what they already knew. The Intelligence game that Kao had in mind was unlike any that had been played in the country before. The risks involved were going to be tremendous, the stakes sky-high.

For a spy, it was not just the potential risk of losing one’s life that was involved. It was also a question of giving up one’s identity completely. It was a selfless and instinctive game, played for the love of one’s motherland.

And the man who played it best was sitting in that room with Kao – Sankaran Nair.

Operationally, no one in the organisation could match Sankaran Nair. He had been given charge of the West Pakistan desk in R&AW, and had years of experience working the Pakistan desk at the IB. He also commanded much respect abroad, in the shadowy international world of spooks.

Sankaran Nair was a man with multiple aliases. He loved the thrill of clandestine operations on the ground. He had mastered the art of reconnoitre and making contacts. He was adept in the infiltration and exfiltration of field agents. He knew how to run agents without even meeting them.

There were rumours that Nair had an asset who was highly placed in the Pakistani administration. However, no one could know for sure.

R&AW’s first recruits would be operating in neighbouring countries under the cover of Indian embassies. Foreign Secretary T.N. Kaul was to create new jobs at various embassies. The ultimate goal was to have Indian agents set up and run their own networks of informers, moles or operatives overseas.

“Phase 1 would be information gathering or COMINT – communications intelligence. The technology, the foot soldiers and the agents will all contribute to that,” Kao said. “But the hard work does not end there. We would need a capable team to decipher and analyse all the information coming through.”

Kao told his men that he envisioned a large team consisting of financial and economic analysts, scientists in space technology, as well as agents working on information security and energy security.

“Do not forget Dr Phadke,” MBK. Nair chipped in. Brig Nair had chalked out a network of wireless connections in every part of the world with the help of his assistant Dr Phadke. He would liaise with the Cryptography Division, headed by a cryptography expert who had been transferred to R&AW from the IB.

Brig Nair spoke about his plans. “We will train foreign Intelligence recruits in wire-tapping via wireless or telephone using a bug. With this method, we hope our agents will be able to infiltrate and obtain information from Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran, Southeast Asia, and Africa.”

Hassanwalia was curious. “And how will they communicate with us?”

“Morse code,” Brig Nair replied. “Needless to say, this is very risky and will have to be done in absolute secrecy.” He even joked, “If we can organise a team of operators who speak Tamil and Malayalam, we can communicate via open channels in those languages and no one will know.”

The men in the room burst into hearty laughter.

Apart from the technical and operational details, Kao had something else in mind that he believed would complement the agency’s information-gathering strategies.

“Psy-war?” Banerjee asked, curious.

“Psy-ops,” Kao said. “Psychological operations.” He looked at Banerjee and said with a smile, “Psychological warfare is essentially information management. With the leeway that the prime minister has given us, we will be able to handle the information that comes in and manipulate and share only what we want with the media. We can ensure that the international spotlight is drawn to topics in favour of the country.”

While the information network would secure India’s position in the world dynamics, Kao had also planned to tap into the excellent rapport he had built with his counterparts in various other countries over the years. Mossad could open doors for them with information about West Asia and North Africa. The KGB – the main security agency for the Soviet Union – could help with the supply of arms and ammunition for operations.

The CIA too could be of help. Kao’s relationship with the CIA had developed after India’s war with China in 1962. CIA instructors had trained the SFF, or the secret and elite commando training programme for Tibetan refugees in India, designed to fight the Chinese Army in Tibet. A sizeable portion of the special force consisted of Tibetan rebels.

The CIA and Kao discussed the possibility of SFF operating as R&AW’s paramilitary unit and being intimately incorporated in the agency’s plans. The SFF had since been transferred to R&AW and was now working on the eastern borders of India. Its commando forces were agile and able, and completely at the disposal of R&AW.

The wheels of R&AW were thus set in motion. A rough training module had been finalised. The criteria to look out for in potential recruits had been drawn up. Red flags when screening candidates were listed out. Safe houses to conduct the training of the recruits were identified. Nothing was recorded in writing. Everything was memorised.

Chris Ogden

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Research and Analysis Wing

India’s external intelligence agency. Formed in September 1968 from the *Intelligence Bureau, it has a core remit to conduct covert operations abroad to protect India’s ... ...

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11 Facts About The India's Research And Analysis Wing (RAW) That Are Unknown To Most Of Us

It must be quite an adrenaline pumping occupation, working for the Research & Analysis Wing or RAW. Undercover operations, being sent to different countries all across the planet, the cool gadgets, the wine, the women. Not to forget, the chase. But do you know how much of it actually holds true? Do movies like the Bourne series, the Mission Impossible series, or the iconic James Bond actually depict intelligence agencies accurately? These facts on RAW, will help us find out.

1. RAW’s motto is ‘धर्मो रक्षति रक्षित:’, which basically translates to he who does not observe Dharma is destroyed, while he who follows it meticulously is protected. Dharma, in this context, stands for the nation.

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2. RAW came into being on September 21st, 1968, after the Sino-Indian war of 1962 and the India-Pakistan war of 1965, which exposed gaps in intelligence gathering undertaken by the Intelligence Bureau (which, until then, handled both domestic and foreign intelligence). Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, and her government, felt the need for an agency that would raise an alarm, and protect India before it went to war, or was hit by a terror attack. This agency would counter, or tackle them with whatever step they deemed necessary. RAW's first director was Rameshwar Nath Kao.

2.bp.blogspot.com

3. RAW officials are sent to various places across the country and the world for rigorous training, including countries like United States, United Kingdom and Israel. Trainees receive an exhaustive training in the art of self-defence, mainly Krav Maga, and the use of technical espionage devices.

kravmagaindia.in

4. In 1984, in a very important call to the Indian military, RAW informed that Pakistan's operation 'Ababeel' was planning to capture the Saltoro ridge in Siachen. Thanks to the timely tip, the Indian army was able to launch operation 'Meghdoot', which forced the Pakistan army to retreat even before they could enter the territory.

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5. Initially, RAW used to hire people only from IB (Intelligence Bureau), Indian police services, and Indian military or revenue departments. However, being recruited in the Research and Analysis Wing now is comparatively a lot simpler than before. They have even started picking up students from universities. One incredible story was of Ravinder Kaushik, India's biggest mole in Pakistan.

6. RAW was successful in tapping the telephonic conversation that took place between then Pakistan army chief, Parvez Musharraf, and his chief of staff, Lt. Gen. Mohammed Aziz, which confirmed Pakistan’s involvement in the Kargil incursion.

7. RAW, at any given point of time, is not answerable to the parliament of India on any issue. This same provision keeps it out of reach of the Right To Information (RTI) act.

8. In fact, RAW is only answerable to the Prime Minister of the country, and the Joint Intelligence Committee. The head of RAW is called the "Secretary"(research) in the cabinet secretariat. The current chief of RAW is Rajinder Khanna.

northindiatimes.com

9. Training for RAW generally lasts for a couple of years. There's a basic training, and there's an advanced training.

The basic training generally lasts no longer than 10 days where the trainees are familiarised with the real world of intelligence and espionage (all that the movies tell us is absolute bull). Financial and economic analysis, space technology, information security, energy security and scientific knowledge is given to the trainees. The recruit is made to specialise in a foreign language and are introduced to geo strategic analysis. Case studies of other agencies like CIA, KGB, ISI, Mossad and MI6 are presented for study. The inductee is also taught that intelligence organisations do not identify who is a friend and who is a foe; the country's foreign policy does.

After completing 'Basic Training', the recruit is sent to a Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB). His/her training here lasts for 1–2 years where they are given given firsthand experience of what it was to be out in the figurative cold, conducting clandestine operations. During night exercises under realistic conditions, he/she is taught infiltration and ex-filtration. They are also taught how to avoid capture and if caught, how to face interrogation. He/she learns the art of reconnoitre, making contacts, and the numerous skills of operating an intelligence mission. At the end of the field training, the new recruit is brought back to the school for final polishing.

10. RAW once beat ISI at their own game.

An Indian agent of RAW, Hashum Qureshi in Srinagar was working in league with the BSF. In Pakistan Occupied Kashmir, a Pakistan-sponsored terrorist organisation, launched the Al-Fatah organisation for liberation of J&K from India. 36 of these members were arrested by J&K Police with the help of Indian Intelligence Agencies. In order to get more inside information, RAW decided to infiltrate Qureshi into this organization as he was well aware of the terrain of POK.

But he was won over by the Pakistani Intelligence, the ISI. There, he was given training to hijack a plane by a former Pakistani pilot. When he was sent back to India, the BSF arrested him and he cracked upon interrogation. The plan was to hijack the plane which would be piloted by Rajiv Gandhi, son of Mrs. Indira Gandhi then Prime Minister of India. When this startling disclosure was reported to the head of BSF and RAW, India decided to beat Pakistan at their own game!

RAW and BSF persuaded Qureshi to work for them in order to save him from execution by the Indian authorities. According to the plan, Qureshi would hijack an Indian Airlines aircraft flying from Srinagar to Lahore. In return, he would demand the release of 36 members of the Al-Fatah who were in jail in India. A Fokker Friendship aircraft, Ganga, which was retired from Indian Airlines was inducted for this operation. The plane was hijacked and he was allowed a toy pistol and a fake grenade inside the plane. Pakistani authorities at Lahore allowed the plane to land when there were informed that it had been hijacked by National Liberation Front of POK. All India Radio soon made the broadcast of this hijack. The whole world, by now, was informed that the Pakistani government was behind this hijack. He demanded (as planned) the release of 36 Al-Fatah members in the custody of India, which India declined. Qureshi was given political asylum and hailed as a freedom fighter in Pakistan. He spoke to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto. Later the passengers of the plane came by road to India and the plane was burned by Pakistan.

Why did India execute this operation?

The Indian government banned all the flights of Pakistan flying over our territory and it exposed that Pakistani state openly and actively supporting terrorists. Pakistan was trying to curb the civil unrest in East Pakistan by using civil flights to send resources. The shortest air route between east and west Pakistan was from Indian Air Space. Any other air route without using India air space was at least 3 times longer and time/fuel consuming. Pakistan had to go around India, via Sri Lanka. The hijacking greatly slowed down the arrival of Pakistani Army through air. This was a master stroke by RAW during the 1971 war for liberation of Bangladesh by India.

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11. Amalgamation of Sikkim

Bordered by Tibet, Nepal, Bhutan and West Bengal in the Eastern Himalayas, Sikkim was ruled by a Maharaja right from Indian Independence. The Indian Government had recognised the title of Chogyal (Dharma Raja) for the Maharaja of Sikkim. In 1972, RAW was authorised by Indira Gandhi to install a pro-Indian democratic government there. In less than three years, Sikkim became the 22nd State of the Indian Union, on April 26, 1975. Kazi Lhendup Dorjee Khangsarpa was the first democratic chief minister of Sikkim.

1.bp.blogspot.com

Most of the information has been taken from this Quora thread.

Football, films and food are the three words to describe Rishabh. A complete movie and sitcom buff, he can spend days in front of the television watching his favourite films, TV shows and the greatest football team in the world - Chelsea. He doesn't believe in getting out of bed unless he absolutely has to. Much like his face, he likes to write on everything funny, obscure, and nonsensical the world has to offer. He believes travelling is the best way to learn anything, and can happily play FIFA all night long.  A creature of the night, Rishabh is also a firm believer that the solution to all life’s problems is Batman

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Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)

Recently, the Appointments Committee of Cabinet has approved the appointment of senior IPS officer Ravi Sinha as the chief of India’s external intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) for a period of two years.

About research and analysis wing (r&aw).

It was established in 1968 to handle the India’s international intelligence affairs.
It came into force after the China-India War in 1962.
At present, the intelligence arm operates under the aegis of the Prime Minister’s Office.
Working mechanism : It collects military, economic, scientific, and political intelligence through covert and overt operations.
The agency is also charged with monitoring terrorist elements and smuggling rings that transport weapons and ammunition into India.

Genesis of RAW

Until 1968, the Intelligence Bureau (IB) was responsible for India’s internal intelligence and also handled external intelligence.
However, after the 1962 China-India war and the Indo-Pakistani war in 1965, India established a separate and distinct external intelligence organization – the Research and Analysis Wing.
In 1968, then India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi appointed R. N. Kao as the first director of RAW.

Q1) What is the role of Intelligence Bureau of India?

The IB is responsible for the collection, analysis, and dissemination of intelligence related to threats to India's internal security. This includes activities such as monitoring terrorist organizations, extremist groups, and other elements posing a threat to law and order within the country.

Source: RAW’s Ravi Sinha who headed operations is now the agency’s new chief

Intelligence Agencies of India: IB and RAW

Last updated on August 2, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

The Intelligence Bureau (IB) is India’s intelligence agency and Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the external intelligence agency. Read here to know more about the agencies.

The National Security of India is a topic of high importance- apart from the defense and paramilitary forces in India, various intelligence and investigation agencies too play their part in ensuring the security of the country.

Two of the important intelligence agencies are IB and RAW. While Intelligence Bureau (IB) is the internal intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) is the external intelligence agency.

Table of Contents

Intelligence Bureau (IB) – Internal Intelligence agency

Intelligence Bureau (IB) is India’s intelligence agency which gathers intelligence from within the country and also executes counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism tasks.

It functions under the aegis of the Ministry of Home Affairs.

It is headquartered in New Delhi.

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The IB draws its employees from law enforcement agencies such as the Indian Police Service (IPS), the Indian Revenue Service (IRS), and the military.

The IB director is part of the Strategic Policy Group and the Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) of the National Security Council, and reports directly to the Prime Minister.

History of IB

Intelligence Bureau was founded in 1887 as Central Special Branch by the British Indian government.

It is reputed to be the oldest such organization in the world.

In 1909, the Indian Political Intelligence Office was established in England in response to the development of Indian revolutionary activities.

By 1921, it came to be called Indian Political Intelligence (IPI) constituting a surveillance and monitoring agency.

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It was run jointly by the India Office and the Government of India and maintained close contact with Scotland Yard and MI5.

After Indian independence in 1947, IPI was renamed as the Intelligence Bureau under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

Until 1968, it handled both domestic and foreign intelligence after which Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) was formed specifically for foreign intelligence.

The establishment of RAW led to IB being primarily assigned the role of domestic intelligence and internal security.

Functions of IB

IB is used to garner intelligence from within India and also execute counter-intelligence and counter-terrorism tasks.

In addition to domestic intelligence responsibilities, the IB is particularly tasked with intelligence collection in border areas.

ll spheres of human activity within India and in the neighborhood are allocated to the charter of duties of the Intelligence Bureau.

Most of the activities of the IB are classified hence less information is available about its functioning and missions.

Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) – External Intelligence agency

The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India.

The agency’s primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India’s foreign strategic interests.

The head of RAW is designated as the Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat and is under the authority of the Prime Minister of India without parliamentary oversight.

On an administrative basis, the Director of RAW reports to the Cabinet Secretary, who reports to the Prime Minister.

History of RAW

Foreign intelligence was initially handled by the Intelligence Bureau (IB). But the intelligence failure in the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the Indo-Pakistan war of 1965 , the need for a separate external intelligence agency was realized.

In 1968, India’s first foreign intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing was established.

Other child agencies such as the Radio Research Center and the Electronics & Tech. Services were added to R&AW in the 1970s and 1990s.

In 1971, the Government set up the Aviation Research Centre (ARC). The ARC’s job was aerial reconnaissance. It replaced the Indian Air Force’s old reconnaissance aircraft.

In 2004 Government of India added yet another signal intelligence agency called the National Technical Facilities Organisation (NTFO), which was later renamed as National Technical Research Organisation (NTRO).

Objectives of RAW

Monitoring the political, military, economic, and scientific developments in countries that have a direct bearing on India’s national security and the formulation of its foreign policy.
Molding international public opinion and influencing foreign governments.
Covert Operations to safeguard India’s National interests.
Anti-terror operations and neutralizing elements pose a threat to India.
Monitors the political and military development in the neighboring countries, which have a direct bearing on India’s national security and in the genesis of its foreign policy.

Activities of RAW

RAW was instrumental during the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971 and was responsible for supplying information, providing training, and heavy ammunition to Mukti Bahini.

RAW has trained intelligence officers of many independent African countries. It has also assisted in the anti-apartheid struggle in South Africa and Namibia.

RAW also provided intelligence for Operation Cactus for quelling the insurgency in the Maldives in 1988.

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Canadian Arrests Highlight Alleged Gang Role in India’s Intelligence Operations

India’s external spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, has long been accused of tapping into criminal networks to carry out operations in South Asia. Is the agency now doing similar operations in the West?

People dressed in traditional Sikh attire sitting or walking in a courtyard, with a large ornamental gate in the background.

By Mujib Mashal and Suhasini Raj

Reporting from New Delhi

Months after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau of Canada accused India’s government of plotting a murder on Canadian soil — plunging diplomatic relations between the two countries to their lowest level ever — the first arrests in the killing, which came on Friday, did little to demystify the basis of his claim.

The police didn’t offer clues or present any evidence that India had orchestrated the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar, a Sikh nationalist leader who was gunned down at the temple he led in Surrey, British Columbia, in June. What they did say was that three Indian men had committed the killing and that an investigation into India’s role was ongoing.

Before the arrests, Indian officials had maintained that Canada was trying to drag New Delhi into what it described as essentially a rivalry between gangs whose members were long wanted for crimes back in India.

After the arrests, a report from the CBC, Canada’s public broadcasting corporation , based on anonymous sources, also said the suspects belonged to an Indian criminal gang.

But analysts and former officials said that the possible role of a gang in the killing does not necessarily mean the Indian government was not involved in the crime.

India’s external spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, or RAW, has long been suspected of tapping into criminal networks to carry out operations in its immediate neighborhood in South Asia while maintaining deniability.

Canada’s accusation, if proven, that India orchestrated the Nijjar killing — and a similar accusation made soon after by the United States in a different case — may suggest that RAW is now extending its playbook of working with criminals to carry out operations in Western countries, analysts said.

U.S. officials have produced strong evidence in their accusation that an agent of the Indian government participated in a foiled attempt to assassinate a dual American-Canadian citizen. And Canada and allied officials have maintained that Canada has evidence supporting Mr. Trudeau’s claim that Indian agents carried out Mr. Nijjar’s killing.

But the Canadian failure to reveal any evidence that India took part, nine months after Mr. Trudeau’s explosive allegation, leaves the killing of Mr. Nijjar in the realm of accusations and counter-accusation in what is a highly tense political environment in both countries, analysts said.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has been flexing his muscles as a nationalist strongman, pitching himself during his ongoing campaign for a third-term in office as a protector of India who would go as far as it takes to target security threats.

During speeches, he has boasted about how his government eliminates enemies by “descending in their homes.” While he has made those references in relation to the country’s archenemy — Pakistan — right wing accounts on social media had celebrated the slaying of Mr. Nijjar in Canada as a similar reach of Mr. Modi’s long arm.

Mr. Trudeau, on the other hand, had been facing criticism of weakness in the face of Chinese election interference activities on Canadian soil, and his getting ahead of the Nijjar killing was seen as compensating for that.

Canadian police announced on Friday that they had arrested the three Indian men in Edmonton, Alberta, the same day and charged them with first-degree murder and conspiracy to commit murder in the killing of Mr. Nijjar. The suspects had been living in Canada for three to five years but were not permanent residents of Canada, the police said.

The gang that the CBC reported that the hit-men are connected to is led by Lawrence Bishnoi, 31, who is accused of several cases of murder, extortion and narcotics trafficking. He has orchestrated much of it from an Indian jail, where he has been held since 2014 . His members are seen as being behind the murder of a popular Punjabi rapper, and threats of attacks on Bollywood celebrities.

Indian security officials have frequently arrested criminals connected to Mr. Bishnoi, often with allegations that the gang’s network stretched as far as Canada and overlapped with those promoting from Canadian soil the cause of Khalistan, a once deeply violent separatist movement with the goal of carving out the Indian state of Punjab as an independent nation.

A large Sikh diaspora resides in Canada, many of them having migrated there after a violent and often indiscriminate crackdown by the Indian government in the 1980s against the movement for an independent Khalistan. While the cause has largely died down inside India, it continues to have supporters among some segments of the diaspora. The Indian government has accused Canada, and several other Western countries, of not doing enough to crack down on the separatists.

Analysts and former security officials said that in India’s immediate geographic neighborhood, RAW has often been willing to venture into murky spaces to recruit killers. Senior officials of Mr. Modi’s administration, including Ajit Doval, the storied former spymaster who now serves as his longtime national security adviser, have in the past been accused of reaching into the underworld to find hit men willing to go after targets both inside the country as well as abroad.

Mr. Bishnoi has demonstrated enormous power from behind bars, even giving a television interview from jail last year to pitch himself as a nationalist warrior rather than a criminal mastermind. That, one former security official said, was a signal of his trying to align himself with the spirit of nationalism for a potential deal.

“I am a nationalist,” Mr. Bishnoi said in that interview. “I am against Khalistan. I am against Pakistan.”

Ajai Sahni, a security analyst who runs the South Asia Terrorism Portal in New Delhi, said the exploitation of criminal gangs by spy agencies to carry out operations with deniability was something that “happens all over the world.”

“It is definitely possible for agencies like RAW to use gang rivalries instead of exposing their own covert operators,” Mr. Sahni added. “But just because that is generally how one would expect it to be done, it doesn’t necessarily mean we know this is exactly the case in Nijjar’s killing.”

The failed plot on American soil had some of the sloppy hallmarks of an agency trying to extend an old playbook into a different, unfamiliar space.

A U.S. indictment in November laid out evidence, including electronic communication and cash transactions between the hired hit man — who turned out to be an undercover cop — a boastful middleman, and an Indian intelligence handler whom The Washington Post recently identified as Vikram Yadav .

The Indian government’s response suggested worry: India’s top diplomat said the action was not government policy, while the government announced an investigation into the matter and promised cooperation with the United States.

Canada’s case has played out very differently. The country has not publicly disclosed any evidence backing up Mr. Trudeau’s claim, even as allied officials said in September that Canadian officials had found a “smoking gun”: intercepted communications of Indian diplomats in Canada indicating involvement in the plot.

Indian officials have pushed back against Mr. Trudeau’s claims with the kind of aggression that suggested it either wasn’t involved or that it was confident of its deniability.

The Indian government expelled Canadian diplomats , and doubled down by putting out a list of individuals on Canadian soil that it said were long wanted as part of what it described as a crime and terror nexus.

Last week, officials in Mr. Modi’s government jumped on scenes of an event that Mr. Trudeau had attended to say it showed his accusations were simply to appease what they say is a Sikh vote bank for him. They pointed to videos of an event where Mr. Trudeau was the chief guest and where chants of “long live Khalistan” were shouted. Mr. Trudeau, in his speech, said he will always be there “to protect your rights and your freedoms, and we will always defend your community against hatred.”

After the speech, the Indian foreign ministry summoned Canada’s second highest ranking diplomat in New Delhi to lodge a complaint.

“His remarks to us illustrates once again the kind of political space that has been given in Canada to separatism, extremism and people who practice violence,” Randhir Jaiswal, the foreign ministry spokesman, said at a news conference.

Mujib Mashal is the South Asia bureau chief for The Times, helping to lead coverage of India and the diverse region around it, including Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan. More about Mujib Mashal

Suhasini Raj is a reporter based in New Delhi who has covered India for The Times since 2014. More about Suhasini Raj

Are India’s spy agency and foreign interference becoming brazen under Modi?

India's intelligence activities have led to accusations against the Research and Analysis Wing by countries such as the UK, Pakistan and Canada
New Delhi has a long history of relying on the spy agency to guide its foreign policy decisions, such as the 1971 war in Bangladesh

India 's spy agency has come under increasing scrutiny as accusations of its global activities ranging from alleged assassinations to foreign interference intensify during Prime Minister Narendra Modi 's second term of office.

Analysts say Modi's 10-year tenure has significantly enhanced India's intelligence-gathering capabilities abroad after the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), the country's premier spy agency , was given increased resources and operational latitude.

"In the last decade, Modi and [National Security Advisor] Ajit Doval duo have improved funding and operational scope for the RAW. This has certainly led to an increased role for the agency from the previous UPA [United Progressive Alliance] regime," said Dheeraj Paramesha, a professor of criminology at Britain's University of Hull and an expert on the Indian intelligence network.

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Paramesha, however, said RAW's recent foreign activities were not unprecedented as previous Indian governments had prioritised growing the country's intelligence capabilities.

"Under former prime minister Rajiv Gandhi [in the 1980s], the scale of intelligence operations was similar. So, there is not a radical change in the mandate as such. However, with the growth of Indian foreign policy goals, the targets have certainly expanded."

Several contentious accusations about RAW's recent operations in other countries have put the agency in the spotlight.

On April 29, the Washington Post reported that an Indian intelligence officer was involved in a foiled plan to assassinate Sikh separatist leader Gurpatwant Singh Pannun on American soil in 2023, presumably with the approval of then RAW chief Samant Goel, who reported to Modi.

The Indian government strongly refuted the claims, calling them "unwarranted and unsubstantiated".

Australian media outlets reported that Canberra had expelled two Indian nationals who were accused of espionage. The duo had allegedly been involved in attempting to steal sensitive information related to defence projects, airport security, and trade relationships.

The reports also said they were closely monitoring the Indian diaspora in Australia and had established connections with current and former politicians.

While the Australian government did not confirm the nationalities of the expelled individuals, it acknowledged the incident without giving details. The Indian government dismissed the reports as unfounded.

RAW power in Asia and beyond

RAW is a feared entity in South Asia, with neighbouring countries alarmed by the extensive reach of the agency. Analysts say the allegations against RAW's operations have ratcheted up during Modi's rule.

Sri Lanka's then-President Maithripala Sirisena accused RAW in 2018 of plotting an assassination against him, leading to a bitter political feud between the two countries.

Nepal blamed RAW in 2020 for meddling in the country's internal political developments. Pakistan , India's arch-rival, frequently alleges that Indian operatives engage in activities to destabilise the country.

Two critical aspects that determined the role of RAW's operational capabilities were the will and strength of political leadership, said Paramesha.

"Indian intelligence, especially foreign intelligence, does not have a charter of duties. So its roles and responsibilities have developed organically in response to threats," said Paramesha, who wrote the book India's Intelligence Culture and Strategic Surprises: Spying for South Block .

RAW was set up in 1968 following the Sino-Indian war in 1962 to counter the threats of China and Pakistan. The agency's mandate has steadily grown over the decades as New Delhi uses its intelligence data to guide foreign policy decisions.

Like the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the US and Mossad in Israel, RAW's most senior officials report directly to the country's top leaders.

Former RAW chiefs and independent experts say RAW has played a vital role in some of India's most historically significant policy decisions, such as the creation of Bangladesh in 1971 and Delhi's domestic nuclear programme.

"Some leaders like Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Modi have used it actively while others have not shown much interest," he added.

Echoing a similar view, a former RAW officer, who did not wish to be identified, said the strengthening of RAW's role in the past 10 years was a "conscious effort" of the government to project India as a "formidable global force".

"Though the Modi administration tries to punch above its weight globally regarding external intelligence, we're still short-staffed and lack some crucial resources. But there's an eagerness to refine this or at least posturing of a serious upgrade," the officer said.

Nitin Gokhale, a Delhi-based South Asia strategic analyst, said while Indian intelligence was getting more attention than in previous years due to the recent overseas incidents, there had been no "significant change in the structure and approach" by Delhi.

"So far, India's [intelligence] abilities have been considered to be adequate for the country's requirements but with the rising global profile, the capabilities on this front will need to be upgraded in keeping with current and future demands."

RAW's operations are clouded in secrecy including its staff strength or budget.

Over the past decade, Indian intelligence appears to target individuals or organisations favouring Kashmiri secessionism and Khalistani separatism - two highly sensitive issues for New Delhi.

While there have been accusations of Indian operatives carrying out targeted killings in countries like the UK, Pakistan, and Afghanistan over the years, a similar episode in Canada that took centre stage last year triggered the worst diplomatic standoff between Ottawa and Delhi.

Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a parliamentary session that Indian agents were involved in the killing of a separatist leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar in Vancouver. New Delhi responded angrily and denied any role.

Harsh V Pant, vice-president of studies and foreign policy at the Delhi-based think tank Observer Research Foundation, said it was only "natural" that India's espionage network and intelligence-gathering activities had seen an uptick in tandem with the country's higher international profile.

"In the context of India's rise and India's place in the global hierarchy, one should not be surprised by this development," he said.

The contrasting narratives in India and the West would continue to be played out in the media given Delhi's deepening involvement in global affairs, Pant said.

"This contestation itself is part of a broader contestation about how India wants to protect its interests and project its ability to protect those interests."

How To Join RAW India (Research And Analysis Wing)

February 28, 2024
180 Comments

Have you ever wondered how to join RAW and become part of India’s elite external intelligence agency? The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. Since its inception in 1968, RAW has evolved to become a pivotal player in India’s strategic interests, handling tasks that range from gathering political and military intelligence to performing anti-terror operations.

For individuals who aspire to serve their country in a capacity that transcends conventional frontiers, understanding the full form of RAW, its significant role in protecting India’s security interests, and the agency’s remarkable history, including its role in the formation of Bangladesh and its strategies during the Kargil War, is an essential first step. Raw India’s exploits resonate not just within our nation’s borders but have echoed across continents, influencing global geopolitical landscapes.

Embarking on a journey to join RAW demands a comprehensive grasp of the agency’s meticulous recruitment and training process. Our article aims to shed light on the eligibility criteria you must meet and the precise steps you need to undertake to be considered for a role as a RAW agent.

As a trusted beacon for defense aspirants, we recognize your ambition to rise above the ordinary and we strive to mentor you on how to become a RAW agent, uncovering details such as the RAW agent salary and career progression within the agency. Joining RAW is not just about harnessing skills; it’s about embodying a sense of purpose that aligns with national pride and duty.

We will navigate through each phase—from the recruitment process to the rigorous training that shapes exceptional RAW agents—ensuring that your pursuit of joining RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence ward, is illuminated with clarity and ambition. Let us inspire and equip you with all you need to realize your potential and embark on a career marked by valor and intelligence, synonymous with RAW’s legacy of excellence.

Understanding RAW and Its Function

As we delve into the essence of RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, it’s pivotal to comprehend its core functions and the magnitude of its operations. Established in 1968, under the aegis of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, RAW’s inception was a strategic move to bolster India’s intelligence capabilities, particularly in foreign territories. The full form of RAW, which stands for Research and Analysis Wing, encapsulates its mission to conduct research and analysis that is critical to the nation’s safety and strategic interests.

Key Objectives and Functions of RAW:

Monitoring Developments: RAW’s primary mandate involves keeping a vigilant eye on political, military, economic, and scientific advancements in countries that could impact India’s security. This surveillance is crucial in preempting any threats and formulating strategic responses.
Counter-Terrorism: The agency is at the forefront of tracking terrorist factions and disrupting smuggling networks that funnel illicit arms into the country, thereby fortifying India’s defense against internal and external threats.
Covert Operations: RAW agents are trained to execute covert operations with the aim to safeguard India’s national interests. These operations are often shrouded in secrecy but are vital in maintaining the country’s sovereignty and security.

Notable Achievements and Structure:

Historical Impact: The agency has been instrumental in several key operations, including the liberation of Bangladesh in 1971 and the integration of Sikkim in 1975, showcasing its pivotal role in shaping India’s geopolitical narrative.
Direct Reporting: Unlike other intelligence bodies, RAW maintains a direct reporting line to the Prime Minister, facilitated through the Joint Intelligence Committee, ensuring swift and confidential communication of sensitive information.
Organizational Hierarchy: At the structural core, RAW is comprised of the Office of Special Operations, Additional Secretaries, and a dedicated Aviation and Special Services division, all collaborating to fulfill the agency’s expansive mission.

Challenges and Operational Reach:

Equipment and Manpower: Despite being ranked among the top five intelligence agencies globally, RAW faces significant challenges, such as a severe staff shortage, with an estimated 40% deficit in personnel as of 2013.
Strategic Bureaus: The agency extends its intelligence network through 10 field formations, known as Special Bureaus, strategically positioned in major cities near India’s borders, to gather vital intelligence from neighboring nations.
Military Hardware Control: A significant aspect of RAW’s objectives includes monitoring and curtailing the flow of military hardware to Pakistan, predominantly sourced from the United States, China, and Europe, thereby maintaining a balance of power in the region.

In our pursuit of understanding how to join RAW and the full form of RAW, we recognize that aspiring RAW agents must align with the agency’s unwavering commitment to national security. With this knowledge of RAW India, we can appreciate the gravity and prestige associated with becoming a RAW agent. As we continue our exploration, we will uncover the steps on how to become a RAW agent, the raw agent salary, and the profound career paths that lie ahead for those who dare to dream of serving their nation at the highest level of intelligence and valor.

Eligibility Criteria for Joining RAW

Embarking on the esteemed journey to join RAW, India’s premier intelligence agency, necessitates meeting a set of stringent eligibility criteria. These prerequisites are designed to ensure that only the most capable and dedicated individuals are entrusted with the responsibility of safeguarding our nation’s security and interests. As aspirants like you seek to understand how to become a RAW agent, it is imperative to familiarize yourself with the fundamental requirements:

Must be an Indian citizen.
Should have a clean record with no criminal background or pending court cases.
A graduation degree from a recognized university is mandatory.
Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial.
Candidates often emerge from esteemed positions within the Civil Services, having cleared the rigorous Civil Service Exam, including roles in the IAS, IPS, or IRS.
Recruitment also extends to meritorious individuals from Indian armed forces such as the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
Individuals with significant experience, typically more than 20 years in service, are preferred.
Lateral deputation is another pathway, targeting the Officers Corps of Armed Forces or Group A Civil Service Officers.
While the exact age limit is not officially specified, candidates are generally expected to be between 25-45 years old.
Physical fitness is paramount, given the demanding nature of RAW operations.
Exceptional communication skills are essential for the role of a RAW agent.

As a RAW agent, you will be at the vanguard of defending national security, acquiring critical foreign intelligence, and combating terrorism. You will also play a pivotal role in influencing foreign governments and shaping public opinion globally. The raw agent salary and career trajectory reflect the high stakes and significant responsibilities of the position. With the full form of RAW symbolizing the Research and Analysis Wing, your alignment with the agency’s mission and your adherence to these eligibility criteria will be the first step in your journey towards joining RAW India’s cadre of elite intelligence professionals.

The Recruitment Process

Embarking on the path to join RAW, the Research and Analysis Wing of India, is a journey of meticulous selection and dedication. As we continue to explore how to join RAW, we now focus on the recruitment process, which is as strategic and discerning as the operations of RAW itself.

Aspirants must first clear the UPSC Civil Services Exam, which is the gateway for various civil services in India, including the IPS and IFS, from which RAW often recruits.
The full form of RAW stands for precision and excellence, and thus, the agency selects candidates based on stellar performance in the UPSC Exam and their adherence to the eligibility criteria.
Direct Recruitment at the Class I executive level occurs from civil services officers who are undergoing the Foundation Course at Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration (LBSNAA).
RAW agents, including most secretaries, have historically been officers from the IPS, with other posts being held by officers from the IFS and IRS.
The selection process for RAW agents intensifies with interviews and psychological assessments conducted at the end of the LBSNAA Foundation Course to identify candidates with the right aptitude for intelligence work.
Shortlisted candidates are then inducted to work at RAW India for a one-year period, during which their performance and adaptability to the intelligence culture are evaluated.

Eligibility and Preparation :

Nationality and Legal Standing : Candidates must be unwaveringly loyal Indian citizens, with a clean legal record, free of any criminal background or pending court cases.
Educational and Age Requirements : A graduation degree from a reputed institution is essential, and candidates must be less than 56 years of age, with a requisite number of years’ experience in government service.
Language and Skills : Proficiency in at least one foreign language is highly beneficial, reflecting the global operational reach of RAW agents.

By understanding the full form of RAW and aligning with the agency’s mission, you can prepare to navigate the challenging recruitment process. Remember, the raw agent salary is commensurate with the high-stakes and significant responsibilities that come with the role. As you contemplate how to become a RAW agent, keep in mind the dedication and commitment required to serve India’s premier intelligence agency.

Training of RAW Agents

Embarking on the rigorous journey to become a part of RAW, India’s esteemed intelligence agency, involves a meticulously structured training regimen designed to hone a wide array of skills necessary for the multifaceted role of a RAW agent. We aim to provide insights into the comprehensive training process that each aspirant undergoes, reinforcing the commitment to excellence synonymous with the full form of RAW – Research and Analysis Wing.

Basic Training Curriculum

Upon selection, trainees are initiated into the world of intelligence with a robust basic training module that spans various critical areas:

Espionage Techniques : Trainees are introduced to the art of real-world espionage, learning the nuances of clandestine operations and information gathering.
Technological Proficiency : Space technology and information security form the backbone of modern intelligence; hence, aspirants are equipped with cutting-edge scientific knowledge.
Analytical Acumen : A strong emphasis is placed on financial, economic, and geo-strategic analysis to develop the analytical prowess needed for high-stakes decision-making.
Case Studies : Learning from past successes and failures, trainees study detailed case studies of other intelligence agencies to understand the dynamics of global intelligence work.

Advanced Training: Field Intelligence Bureau (FIB)

After mastering the basics, trainees advance to the Field Intelligence Bureau training, which is an intensive 1-2 year program focusing on:

Survival Skills : Agents are trained to survive in the most hostile environments, ensuring their readiness for any situation.
Covert Operations : Mastery in secret operation management, including infiltration and exfiltration techniques, is imparted to handle sensitive missions.
Interrogation Resistance : Trainees learn to resist and manage interrogation scenarios, a critical skill for maintaining operational integrity.
Operational Execution : From contact management to mission operation, agents are equipped to execute complex intelligence tasks with precision.

Pathway to Permanent Selection

The journey from trainee to a full-fledged RAW agent is marked by a series of evaluations and choices:

Initial Induction : Candidates selected through RAS or direct recruitment at the Class 1 Executive Level undergo a year of intensive training, during which their compatibility with intelligence work is assessed.
Optional Reintegration : At the end of the first year, trainees have the option to return to their parent service, allowing for a reevaluation of their commitment to RAW India’s mission.
Final Selection : Those who exhibit unwavering dedication and exceptional skill are permanently inducted into the Research and Analysis Service, ready to embark on a career filled with challenges and triumphs.

Throughout the training, the raw agent salary reflects the high stakes and rigorous nature of the work. As you deliberate on how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is not easy, but for those who are determined, it’s a journey of transformation into an intelligence professional of the highest caliber. The full form of RAW is a testament to the comprehensive education and preparation that each agent receives, ensuring their readiness to protect and serve with intelligence, valor, and an unwavering sense of duty.

Career Path and Roles in RAW

Embarking on a career with RAW India, the full form of RAW being Research and Analysis Wing, opens up a spectrum of roles that are pivotal to the nation’s security. Here, we outline the career path and roles within RAW, providing a roadmap for aspirants like you, who are seeking to understand how to join RAW and become integral to India’s intelligence framework.

Career Path in RAW

The journey begins with selection into an elite government job such as IAS or IPS, followed by a national aptitude test in intelligence and psychology, and an interview process.
Successful candidates are recruited through the Research and Analysis Service (RAS) cadre, part of the Central Staffing Scheme, and undergo a one-year training period to assimilate into RAW’s culture and operations.
Senior Roles : Secretary/Additional Secretary (R), Joint Secretary
Mid-level Roles : Director/Deputy Secretary/Attache
Operational Roles : Senior Field Officer, Field Officer, Deputy Field Officer, Assistant Field Officer
Advancement through these ranks is contingent on performance, dedication, and the successful execution of missions.
RAW officials receive the opportunity for international training, equipping them with global intelligence perspectives and operational techniques, which are crucial for RAW agents working in diverse geopolitical landscapes.

Roles and Responsibilities in RAW

Foreign Intelligence Gathering : As a RAW agent, you will be at the forefront of collecting sensitive information from foreign lands, which is critical for shaping India’s foreign policy and strategic decisions.
Counter-Terrorism Operations : RAW agents play a decisive role in thwarting terrorism, ensuring the safety of India’s populace and its sovereign interests.
Policy Advisory : Leveraging the intelligence gathered, RAW agents provide invaluable insights to policymakers, influencing decisions at the highest levels of government.
Nuclear Security : A RAW agent’s role extends to securing India’s nuclear program, a task of profound national importance.

Maintaining Integrity and Performance

Performance Review : RAW agents are consistently evaluated for their performance. Those who excel are rewarded with progression, while those who do not meet the standards may face forced retirement.
Integrity Assurance : The integrity of a RAW agent is paramount. Any doubts regarding an agent’s loyalty or conduct can lead to termination, ensuring the agency remains uncompromised.

As you consider how to join RAW and how to become a RAW agent, it’s clear that the path is demanding yet rewarding. The raw agent salary and benefits are reflective of the high-stakes nature of the work. With RAW India, you are not just choosing a job; you are committing to a lifestyle of vigilance, patriotism, and excellence. Your role within RAW will be instrumental in shaping the security narrative of the nation, and as such, every step of your career will be marked by the pursuit of brilliance and an unwavering dedication to the service of India.

Some of the known activities and operations of RAW are as follows:

ELINT operations aimed at China
Bangladesh liberation and aftermath
Operation Smiling Buddha
Amalgamation of Sikkim
Kahuta’s Blueprint
Operation Lal Dora
Operation Meghdoot
Kanishka Bombing case
Special Operations
Operation Cactus
Operations in Sri Lanka
Anti-Apartheid Movement
Operation Chanakya
Overthrowing monarchy in Nepal
Help to the Northern Alliance
Operation Leech
War on Terror
2008 Mumbai attacks
Snatch operations with IB
2015 Sri Lankan presidential election

Different Job Roles (Designations ) in RAW

1. What is the process to become an agent in RAW India?

To pursue a career as a RAW agent, candidates must first clear the Combined Graduate Preliminary Exam (CGPE) conducted by the Staff Selection Commission (SSC). Subsequently, they need to qualify for the ‘Group A’ Civil Services exam under the Central Staffing Scheme and excel in all stages of the Civil Service examination.

2. Is it possible to join RAW without taking the UPSC exams?

Direct recruitment into RAW is not available; therefore, candidates must go through the UPSC (Union Public Service Commission) examination process.

3. Where is the headquarters of RAW located in India?

The headquarters of RAW is situated in New Delhi, which serves as the capital of India and is part of the National Capital Territory of Delhi. New Delhi is also the administrative hub for all three branches of the Government of India.

4. What is India’s primary secret intelligence agency?

India’s main foreign intelligence agency is the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW).

5. How challenging is it to work for RAW?

Working as a RAW agent is not an easy task; it demands significant hard work, dedication, and a rigorous training process.

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please join for RAW agent in Indian.sir.

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I am a proud INDIAN who wants to join RAW and wants to work for my motherland. Thanks

I am a proud INDIAN who wants to join RAW and wants to work for my people. Thanks

Dear sir I am from Imphal ,Manipur where communal clash have been going on since 3rd May, 2023 but still not in silent . This is the act of terrorism which attacked by the Burmese Terrorists to the people of Manipur who are living nearby the Hilly Areas. People are roaming here and there to get shelter. Some are stayed with their relatives and others are in the relief camps opened by the state government. They are facing many problems economically and mentally. Most of their wards are dropped out from the schools. Besides these things, people at the plain areas as well as at the hearth of the city are also facing economical problems as they cannot run their business properly and many organizations are emerged and started donation from the public. Meanwhile some people are trying to get a chance for looting private properties. For the correction of these unfair things I want to join in any of the Central Intelligence service. My contact number is

Dear Sir My contact number is 8787822102

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Agilent Presents Solutions Innovation Research Awards to Cornell and Indiana University Researchers

Professors Richard Robinson and Xingchen Ye recognized for their pioneering work in advanced materials research

Agilent Technologies Inc. (NYSE: A) today announced two Solutions Innovation Research Awards (SIRA) presented to Professors Richard Robinson of Cornell University and Xingchen Ye of Indiana University . These separate awards recognize their outstanding contributions to advanced materials research.

Electrocatalysis plays a pivotal role in advancing clean energy systems. Enhancing the efficiency of chemical reactions at electrode surfaces can accelerate the transition to sustainable energy sources. High-entropy nanoparticles—materials that incorporate many different types of atoms into one lattice—offer a fresh perspective in electrocatalysis. Their complexity, stability, and tunability make them promising candidates for efficient and sustainable energy conversion. These materials can be readily incorporated into fuel cells and other energy systems.

Professor Richard Robinson specializes in colloidal nanoparticle synthesis and applies nanosynthetic design concepts to control nanomaterials’ composition, shape, size, and surface to tailor their properties. As part of his award, Professor Robinson will receive a one-year loan of an Agilent Cary 630 FTIR system, which will aid his groups’ efforts to characterize the structures of novel high-entropy nanomaterials.

Professor Xingchen Ye is an expert in the synthesis and analysis of nanomaterials for fuel-cell and semiconductor applications. He will seek to establish composition-dependent optical benchmarks for various nanoparticle (NP) compositions. As part of his award, Professor Ye will receive a one-year loan of an Agilent Cary 5000 UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, which will be used to perform extinction spectroscopy analysis of NP samples.

“By using colloidal nanosynthetic chemistry, we’re able to tinker with the building blocks of materials at the atomic and molecular scale. High entropy materials expand our toolkit to alter nanoparticle properties beyond the conventional knobs we use. By scrambling atoms randomly, we could unlock countless unknown arrangements, leading to unknown properties. This is an exciting new frontier and opens up new possibilities for efficient fuel cells, thermoelectrics, and other energy applications,” said Professor Robinson. “We’re really very grateful for this award from Agilent; it’s going to be a huge boost to our research.”

“We appreciate this recognition from Agilent,” said Professor Ye. “Our objective is to reveal emerging and distinctive properties in nanomaterials, enhancing their suitability for fuel-cell and semiconductor applications. This award will significantly support and propel our research forward.”

Geoff Winkett, vice president and general manager of Agilent's Molecular Spectroscopy Division, spoke about the importance of these awards. “The research being carried out by Professor Robinson and Professor Ye has the potential to promote more sustainable energy storage, which will be essential for driving technological advancements and reshaping industries. Agilent proudly supports this transformative journey towards discovering advanced materials and battery technologies that will lay the foundation for a sustainable and resilient future.”

A leading provider of spectroscopy solutions for materials analysis, Agilent is committed to promoting university research through a portfolio of products and technical expertise that enable researchers to drive their work forward. The Solutions Innovation Research Award (SIRA) program, under the guidance of Dr. Chong Wing Yung, Associate Director of University Relations and External Research at Agilent, is designed to stimulate the most innovative and impactful use of Agilent products to help solve pressing scientific problems in academia. For more information about the Agilent Solutions Innovation Research Award (SIRA) visit www.agilent.com/univ_relation/SIRA .

About Agilent Technologies

Agilent Technologies Inc. (NYSE: A) is a global leader in analytical and clinical laboratory technologies, delivering insights and innovation that help our customers bring great science to life. Agilent’s full range of solutions includes instruments, software, services, and expertise that provide trusted answers to our customers' most challenging questions. The company generated revenue of $6.83 billion in fiscal 2023 and employs approximately 18,000 people worldwide. Information about Agilent is available at www.agilent.com . To receive the latest Agilent news, please subscribe to the Agilent Newsroom . Follow Agilent on LinkedIn and Facebook .

MEDIA Naomi Goumillout Agilent Technologies +1.978.314.1862 [email protected]

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240516522587/en/

Market Updates

Why immigration has boosted job gains and the economy, what to invest in during high inflation, never mind market efficiency: are the markets sensible, starbucks stock could use a pick-me-up after big selloff; is it a buy, 5 cheap stocks to buy from an attractive part of the market, markets brief: all eyes on inflation, 5 things we learned from the q1 earnings season, after earnings, is palantir stock a buy, a sell, or fairly valued, stock picks, going into earnings, is target stock a buy, a sell, or fairly valued, walmart earnings: low prices and strong digital presence drive market share gains, after earnings and a big selloff, is shopify stock a buy, a sell, or fairly valued, cisco earnings: positive guidance and splunk inclusion align with our long-term thesis, 3 warren buffett stocks to buy after berkshire hathaway’s just-released 13f filing, going into earnings, is nvidia stock a buy, a sell, or fairly valued, after earnings, is arista stock a buy, a sell, or fairly valued, a cheap dividend aristocrat to buy before it bounces back, sponsor center.

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Why German Politicians Are Facing Growing Violence

February 19, 2024. Michael Mueller

By Sarah Marsh, Kate Abnett

BERLIN (Reuters) -The black-clad attackers beat up Matthias Ecke so badly as he put up posters in Dresden that he needed surgery. In Nordhorn, a man threw eggs at a lawmaker then punched him in the face. In Berlin, a pensioner hit a senator on the head with a bag.

Just three of the assaults that German politicians have suffered over the past week as campaigns get underway for European Parliament and district council elections.

Tensions have always risen ahead of votes. But something has shifted, say parties and analysts. Assaults causing physical injury have surged - 22 on politicians so far in 2024, compared with 27 for all of 2023, the Federal Criminal Police Office said this week.

The atmosphere has also changed, coarsened by the all-out shouting matches stoked by social media and the divisions and rhetoric of populist politics.

"We are observing an affective polarization. When dissenters become 'enemies'," said Stefan Marschall, a political scientist at the University of Duesseldorf.

Reuters spoke to a dozen politicians who described physical and verbal attacks. One of the main risks, most said, was that the hostile climate would scare off candidates or campaigners and ultimately skew the outcome of elections.

"It makes you feel you are not wanted here and should disappear," said Michael Mueller, a candidate for the centre-left Social Democrats (SPD) in district elections in the eastern state of Thuringia.

Attackers set his house on fire after he organised a protest against extremism in February.

"Giving up is now an option, although I would have never have thought it before."

SURGING ATTACKS

Overall, verbal and physical attacks on politicians in Germany have more than doubled since 2019, according to government data.

The party that has come off the worst is the Greens, the junior partner in Chancellor Olaf Scholz's coalition. Its members reported 1,219 incidents last year, up sevenfold from 2019.

Second on that count is the resurgent far-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) party with 478 incidents, then Scholz's SPD on 420.

Members of the SPD, the Greens and other parties closer to the centre of the political spectrum blamed the overall souring of the mood and rise in confrontations on AfD rhetoric.

"If you have politicians that officially (say) 'let's hunt them down' ... words shape actions," said Niklas Nienass, a member of the European Parliament for the Greens. In a 2017 speech, former AfD leader Alexander Gauland said the party would hunt down then Chancellor Angela Merkel.

"Nowadays, three men shouting at me that I'm a paedophile or a criminal or 'we will see where the future leads us' or we all belong in front of a wall, is almost I would say business as usual," Nienass added.

The AfD has rejected such accusations outright. Co-leader Alice Weidel said last week that attempts to use the news of attacks for political gains were "vile and irresponsible", and that AfD politicians and members were themselves frequently attacked.

PRECAUTIONS

Politicians for the Greens said many of the insults directed at them increasingly had Nazi inflections.

“People will say: go to Buchenwald, for example, or when we get into power we will deal with you,” said Max Reschke, head of the Greens in Thuringia.

One of four people investigated after the assault on the SPD's European Parliament member Matthias Ecke in Dresden on Friday had right-wing material in his home, police said.

The gang that assaulted him, damaging his cheekbone and eye socket, had earlier attacked another Greens campaigner who was also putting up posters.

"It reminded me of the stormtroopers of the 1930s," said Anne-Katrin Haubold, a second Greens campaigner who witnessed the attack, referring to the original paramilitary wing of the Nazis.

Some said they were avoiding publicizing campaign events ahead of time and had stopped branding their vehicles to avoid being targeted.

"It's not good because our party members feel insecure if we tell them we now need a police protection in order to do political rallies," said German Green MEP Michael Bloss.

Interior Minister Nancy Faeser said this week she wanted to increase legal penalties for attacks on politicians and activists and have more police protection for campaigners.

But the police are already struggling with their current workload, said the head of Germany's largest police union Jochen Kopelke.

Politicians on the campaign trail in eastern Germany said they were taking their own precautions and holding more security workshops.

"We say we have to have at least three people manning information stands," said Luis Schaefer, head of the Greens in the eastern town of Gera.

"And if you see someone damaging posters, then don’t put yourself at risk trying to save them."

(Reporting by Sarah Marsh; Editing by Andrew Heavens)

Photos You Should See - May 2024

TOPSHOT - A woman wades through flood waters at an inundated residential area in Garissa, on May 9, 2024. Kenya is grappling with one of its worst floods in recent history, the latest in a string of weather catastrophes, following weeks of extreme rainfall scientists have linked to a changing climate. At least 257 people have been killed and more than 55,000 households have been displaced as murky waters submerge entire villages, destroy roads and inundate dams. (Photo by LUIS TATO / AFP) (Photo by LUIS TATO/AFP via Getty Images)

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Here is What to Know Beyond Why Wingstop Inc. (WING) is a Trending Stock

Wingstop ( WING Quick Quote WING - Free Report ) is one of the stocks most watched by Zacks.com visitors lately. So, it might be a good idea to review some of the factors that might affect the near-term performance of the stock.

Shares of this restaurant chain have returned +5.2% over the past month versus the Zacks S&P 500 composite's +2% change. The Zacks Retail - Restaurants industry, to which Wingstop belongs, has gained 0.8% over this period. Now the key question is: Where could the stock be headed in the near term?

While media releases or rumors about a substantial change in a company's business prospects usually make its stock 'trending' and lead to an immediate price change, there are always some fundamental facts that eventually dominate the buy-and-hold decision-making.

Earnings Estimate Revisions

Here at Zacks, we prioritize appraising the change in the projection of a company's future earnings over anything else. That's because we believe the present value of its future stream of earnings is what determines the fair value for its stock.

Our analysis is essentially based on how sell-side analysts covering the stock are revising their earnings estimates to take the latest business trends into account. When earnings estimates for a company go up, the fair value for its stock goes up as well. And when a stock's fair value is higher than its current market price, investors tend to buy the stock, resulting in its price moving upward. Because of this, empirical studies indicate a strong correlation between trends in earnings estimate revisions and short-term stock price movements.

For the current quarter, Wingstop is expected to post earnings of $0.78 per share, indicating a change of +36.8% from the year-ago quarter. The Zacks Consensus Estimate has changed +10.8% over the last 30 days.

The consensus earnings estimate of $3.39 for the current fiscal year indicates a year-over-year change of +36.7%. This estimate has changed +12.9% over the last 30 days.

For the next fiscal year, the consensus earnings estimate of $4.14 indicates a change of +22% from what Wingstop is expected to report a year ago. Over the past month, the estimate has changed +12.8%.

With an impressive externally audited track record , our proprietary stock rating tool -- the Zacks Rank -- is a more conclusive indicator of a stock's near-term price performance, as it effectively harnesses the power of earnings estimate revisions. The size of the recent change in the consensus estimate, along with three other factors related to earnings estimates , has resulted in a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) for Wingstop.

The chart below shows the evolution of the company's forward 12-month consensus EPS estimate:

12 Month EPS

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News & Insights

Is Wingstop (WING) a Solid Growth Stock? 3 Reasons to Think "Yes"

May 15, 2024 — 12:45 pm EDT

Written by Zacks Equity Research for Zacks ->

Growth stocks are attractive to many investors, as above-average financial growth helps these stocks easily grab the market's attention and produce exceptional returns. However, it isn't easy to find a great growth stock.

That's because, these stocks usually carry above-average risk and volatility. In fact, betting on a stock for which the growth story is actually over or nearing its end could lead to significant loss.

However, the Zacks Growth Style Score (part of the Zacks Style Scores system), which looks beyond the traditional growth attributes to analyze a company's real growth prospects, makes it pretty easy to find cutting-edge growth stocks.

Wingstop (WING) is one such stock that our proprietary system currently recommends. The company not only has a favorable Growth Score, but also carries a top Zacks Rank.

Studies have shown that stocks with the best growth features consistently outperform the market. And for stocks that have a combination of a Growth Score of A or B and a Zacks Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or 2 (Buy), returns are even better.

Here are three of the most important factors that make the stock of this restaurant chain a great growth pick right now.

Earnings Growth

Earnings growth is arguably the most important factor, as stocks exhibiting exceptionally surging profit levels tend to attract the attention of most investors. And for growth investors, double-digit earnings growth is definitely preferable, and often an indication of strong prospects (and stock price gains) for the company under consideration.

While the historical EPS growth rate for Wingstop is 31.7%, investors should actually focus on the projected growth. The company's EPS is expected to grow 36.7% this year, crushing the industry average, which calls for EPS growth of 9.4%.

Cash Flow Growth

Cash is the lifeblood of any business, but higher-than-average cash flow growth is more beneficial and important for growth-oriented companies than for mature companies. That's because, high cash accumulation enables these companies to undertake new projects without raising expensive outside funds.

Right now, year-over-year cash flow growth for Wingstop is 31.1%, which is higher than many of its peers. In fact, the rate compares to the industry average of 11.4%.

While investors should actually consider the current cash flow growth, it's worth taking a look at the historical rate too for putting the current reading into proper perspective. The company's annualized cash flow growth rate has been 24.8% over the past 3-5 years versus the industry average of 5.5%.

Promising Earnings Estimate Revisions

Superiority of a stock in terms of the metrics outlined above can be further validated by looking at the trend in earnings estimate revisions. A positive trend is of course favorable here. Empirical research shows that there is a strong correlation between trends in earnings estimate revisions and near-term stock price movements.

The current-year earnings estimates for Wingstop have been revising upward. The Zacks Consensus Estimate for the current year has surged 12.9% over the past month.

Bottom Line

Wingstop has not only earned a Growth Score of A based on a number of factors, including the ones discussed above, but it also carries a Zacks Rank #1 because of the positive earnings estimate revisions.

You can see the complete list of today's Zacks #1 Rank (Strong Buy) stocks here .

This combination positions Wingstop well for outperformance, so growth investors may want to bet on it.

Zacks Names #1 Semiconductor Stock

It's only 1/9,000th the size of NVIDIA which skyrocketed more than +800% since we recommended it. NVIDIA is still strong, but our new top chip stock has much more room to boom.

With strong earnings growth and an expanding customer base, it's positioned to feed the rampant demand for Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Internet of Things. Global semiconductor manufacturing is projected to explode from $452 billion in 2021 to $803 billion by 2028.

Want the latest recommendations from Zacks Investment Research? Today, you can download 7 Best Stocks for the Next 30 Days. Click to get this free report

Wingstop Inc. (WING) : Free Stock Analysis Report

To read this article on Zacks.com click here.

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RAW: India's External Intelligence Agency
Introduction. India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), has long faced allegations of meddling in its neighbors' affairs. Founded in 1968, primarily to ...
17 Research Quotes to Inspire and Amuse You
3. "Bad news sells papers. It also sells market research." - Byron Sharp. Sharp is Professor of Marketing Science and Director of the Ehrenberg-Bass Institute, the world's largest centre for research into marketing. 4. "In fact, the world needs more nerds." - Ben Bernanke.
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW): Inside India's Foreign Intelligence
The Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) stands as one of India's key intelligence agencies. It initially focused primarily on China and Pakistan, but over the past forty years, it has expanded its mandate, significantly bolstering India's global influence. RAW's primary responsibility is to provide the government with strategic and ...
5 The Research and Analysis Wing
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW), India's external intelligence agency, has been in operation for over five decades. It was created through an executive order issued by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi in September 1968. The R&AW works alongside the Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), much like the UK's MI6 works alongside the ...
The Unending Game: A Former R&AW Chief's Insights into
Vikram Sood. 3.87. 550 ratings72 reviews. In God we trust, the rest we monitor . . . A former chief of India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, deconstructs the shadowy world of spies, from the Cold War era to the age of global jihad, from surveillance states to psy-war and cyberwarfare, from gathering information ...
RN Kao, RAW's first chief, laid the foundations of Indian espionage
Kao founded the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) in 1968 and headed it till 1977. Within a short time after setting it up, he was able to recruit a large number of persons with special skills, not available through normal bureaucratic channels, with great results. He hired a retired army officer whose unit could intercept advance intelligence ...
Research and Analysis Wing
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is also involved in the security of India's nuclear programme.. During the nine-year tenure of its first Secretary ...
India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research and Analysis Wing
The success stories of RAW is more due to the individual brilliance of few officers and men (agents) and less due to the system itself. The above is the gist of the book 'India's External Intelligence - Secrets of RAW' by Maj. Gen. VK Singh.Maj. Gen. VK Singh, a former army officer who served in the army for 35 years was deputed to the RAW as ...
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But how much do we really know about the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) - India's version of the CIA? Rupsha Mukherjee, a senior reporter in Delhi, gives us some answers.
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Chapter Five: The Research and Analysis Wing Rudra Chaudhuri co-authored a chapter with Shreyas Shende in a book titled "Institutional Roots of India's Security Policy" by Milan Vaishnav. The book aims to offer diverse perspectives on the administrative and operational aspects of India's foreign policy and security.
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is India's external intelligence agency. 1. History. R&AW was founded in 1968, taking responsibility for foreign intelligence from the Intelligence Bureau, which was seen as having performed poorly in wars with China in 1962 and Pakistan in 1965. 2. People. Heads. Rameshwar Nath Kao 1968-77 3. K. Shankaran ...
Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) of India: History, Purpose
The Research and Analysis Wing stands as a testament to India's resolve and strategic prowess. As the world grapples with an increasingly complex geopolitical landscape, RAW's role as India's silent guardian becomes even more vital. While its operations may remain shrouded in secrecy, its impact on India's national security is undeniable.
A War In Shadows: The 'Covert Operations' Of The Research and Analysis
These unseen, unsung heroes are the spies of India's formidable spy agency: 'Research and Analysis Wing' (RAW). Theoretically, RAW is India's external intelligence agency, placed to uncover sinister plans against the nation and to eliminate the traitors at great personal risk but practically, its operational reach and remit are ...
How RN Kao and his team created India's espionage playbook through the
Anusha Nandakumar & Sandeep Saket. Apr 15, 2021 · 09:55 am. RN Kao. The birth of R&AW resembled the completion of a complex puzzle. The core team [Rameshwar Nath] Kao gathered around him had ...
Research and Analysis Wing
"Research and Analysis Wing" published on by Oxford University Press. India's external intelligence agency. Formed in September 1968 from the *Intelligence Bureau, it has a core remit to conduct covert operations abroad to protect India's ...
R. N. Kao
Rameshwar Nath Kao (10 May 1918 - 20 January 2002) was an Indian spymaster and the first chief of India's external intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) from its founding in 1968 to 1977. Kao was one of India's foremost intelligence officers, and helped build R&AW. Kao held the position of Secretary (Research) in the Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India, which ...
11 Facts About The India's Research And Analysis Wing (RAW) That Are
3. RAW officials are sent to various places across the country and the world for rigorous training, including countries like United States, United Kingdom and Israel. Trainees receive an exhaustive training in the art of self-defence, mainly Krav Maga, and the use of technical espionage devices. kravmagaindia.in. 4.
Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)
About Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) It was established in 1968 to handle the India's international intelligence affairs.; It came into force after the China-India War in 1962. At present, the intelligence arm operates under the aegis of the Prime Minister's Office.; Working mechanism: It collects military, economic, scientific, and political intelligence through covert and overt ...
India's External Intelligence: Secrets of Research & Analysis Wing (RAW
2The Present Book Is The First Account By A Person Who Has Actually Served In Raw At A Senior Level. Though Not An Insider, He Was Part Of The Organisation For A Little Less Than Four Years And Was Able To See Its Functioning From Close Quarters. Since He Was Concerned With Signal Intelligence Rather Than Human Intelligence Operations, Most Of The Coverage Is Devoted To The Former.
Intelligence Agencies of India: IB and RAW
The Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) is the foreign intelligence agency of India. The agency's primary function is gathering foreign intelligence, counter-terrorism, counter-proliferation, advising Indian policymakers, and advancing India's foreign strategic interests. It is headquartered in New Delhi. The head of RAW is designated as the ...
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Indian intelligence agency Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) has reportedly closed its stations in North America for the first time since 1968. This comes as criminal charges were brought against ...
Canadian Arrests Highlight Alleged Gang Role in India's Intelligence
India's external spy agency, the Research and Analysis Wing, has long been accused of tapping into criminal networks to carry out operations in South Asia. Is the agency now doing similar ...
Are India's spy agency and foreign interference becoming brazen ...
India's intelligence activities have led to accusations against the Research and Analysis Wing by countries such as the UK, Pakistan and Canada New Delhi has a long history of relying on the spy ...
How To Join RAW India (Research And Analysis Wing)
The Research and Analysis Wing, commonly referred to by its acronym RAW, stands as the forefront of ensuring national security, engaging in critical operations that safeguard India from external threats. Since its inception in 1968, RAW has evolved to become a pivotal player in India's strategic interests, handling tasks that range from ...
Agilent Presents Solutions Innovation Research Awards to Cornell and
The Solutions Innovation Research Award (SIRA) program, under the guidance of Dr. Chong Wing Yung, Associate Director of University Relations and External Research at Agilent, is designed to ...
Analysis-Why German Politicians Are Facing Growing Violence
Tensions have always risen ahead of votes. But something has shifted, say parties and analysts. Assaults causing physical injury have surged - 22 on politicians so far in 2024, compared with 27 ...
Here is What to Know Beyond Why Wingstop Inc. (WING) is a Trending
The $586.51 million and $685.82 million estimates for the current and next fiscal years indicate changes of +27.5% and +16.9%, respectively. Last Reported Results and Surprise History. Wingstop ...
Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV Market Forecast to Reach $3.4 Billion
The global fixed-wing VTOL UAV market is expected to reach an estimated $3.4 billion by 2030 with a CAGR of 22.3% from 2024 to 2030. The future of the market looks promising with opportunities in ...
Is Wingstop (WING) a Solid Growth Stock? 3 Reasons to Think "Yes"
Right now, year-over-year cash flow growth for Wingstop is 31.1%, which is higher than many of its peers. In fact, the rate compares to the industry average of 11.4%. While investors should ...
Met Gala 2024 Red Carpet Looks: See Every Celebrity Outfit and Dress
By Vogue. May 8, 2024. Photo: Getty Images. The 2024 Met Gala red carpet has officially closed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and fashion's biggest night has come to an end. This year's ...