Frankenstein Themes

‘ Theme ’ is a central idea present in a literary piece. It serves as an essential ingredient that makes a story appealing and persuasive. Frankenstein by Mary Shelley has various themes woven together to complete a narrative which teaches value, warns of possible consequences of abusing science or intelligence, highlights a futuristic outlook. Some of the overarching themes of the novel are given below.

Themes in Frankenstein

The theme of creation is at the center of the novel, Frankenstein. The story shows how Victor creates a monster and instills life in it after gaining scientific knowledge of life at Ingolstadt. Victor plays God or pretends to become one to create life. His ambition of creating life and emulating his own creation fails. The creature, he has created, forces him to create a companion. When Victor denies he turns into a real monster. In other words, Victor’s secret toil, as Mary Shelley had stated, was an unnatural and irreligious act which costs him dearly. The theme also signifies that interrupting natural order may cost lives and sanity and it is important to stay within boundaries.

Although depicted at the secondary level, the novel also explores the theme of alienation. It might be possible that Victor creates the monster to end his isolation. However, in the process of doing an unnatural thing, he creates a creature, who is also his enemy. The creature, who is innocent feels alienated. Hence, he asks for a companion. When humans hate him for the way he looks, he begins to kill to persuade his creator, Victor Frankenstein. Another alienation is of Robert Walton who seeks his sister’s love and writes her letters. Victor, too, seeks Elizabeth’s and his family members’ love as he alienates from them and immerses in the world of science.

Although several characters are trying to align themselves with one another. For instance, Robert Walton with his sister through letters and Victor Frankenstein with his family, they feel quite isolated from the world. Victor is engaged in his experiments, and Robert Walton goes on expeditions, where he meets Victor. In the same way, the creature, Frankenstein’s Monster tries to seek the companionship of the poor family to end its isolation.

Crossing Boundaries

Mary Shelley has very beautifully woven the idea of the crossing limits in this novel. Through Victor Frankenstein, she explains that humans have certain limits despite grand ambitions. When these limits are crossed, the natural order is destroyed. This interruption rebounds when the limits are crossed. Victor’s attention to Waldman’s lectures and his obsession with the idea of creating a new life is equated to the crossing of boundaries set by nature. Victor eventually pays the price as he loses his family members and friends until he dies while chasing the Creature.

Under the overarching theme of creation, the theme of ambition also runs parallel in the novel. Although since the ancient period, ambition is associated with negative passion, here Victor’s ambition leads him to create a human deemed as a monster physically. It proves that ambition is not good when it comes to unnatural directions. The creation of a new life defying the natural order of life and death is clearly an incorrect ambition. Later, it proves to be fatal when the Creature begins to kill Victor’s closest family and friends.

Another secondary theme in Frankenstein is an injustice. Mary Shelley has demonstrated this theme in two ways. The first is Justine’s trial in the court on the accusations of murdering William. The court awards her death sentence even though Victor has clear hints of the creature having killed William and Justine was framed for the murder. The second example of injustice is when the Creature request for a companion Victor denies. The Creature was helpless and innocent turns into a killer.

Responsibility

The novel, Frankenstein, highlights the theme of individual responsibility as well as social responsibility. Victor’s ambitious project of the creation of a new life reflects the lack of realization of the individual responsibility and the lack of government control. Victor does not show any fear in creating a new life and playing with the laws of nature until it takes the lives of several of his family members. Justine’s death signifies that entire the judicial process lacks responsibility when they punish an innocent. In other words, individuals and society often fail to respond to their duties and responsibilities toward the family and community .

Natural Laws

Although this is not an explicit theme, the theme of natural laws is implicitly put into the mouth of characters and the narrator in Frankenstein. Natural laws keep the balance of life on this earth. ‘Life and death’ cycle is a natural law. However, when Victor Frankenstein uses science to create life using dead human organs and chemicals, he violates the natural law of life and death. The result is the birth of innocent yet monstrous creature who turns violent when his needs aren’t met.

Parental Responsibility

The parental responsibility is another theme apparent in the upbringing of Victor Frankenstein. His father, Alphonse Frankenstein, has done his best to educate him in the top university Ingolstadt to study science. Victor whole-heartedly completes his education which shows his good upbringing. However, when Victor creates the Creature, he forgets to give this monster the moral and social education about how to live and behave in a society. In other words, he forgets his parental responsibility towards his creation.

One of the secondary themes that stay in the background is the theme of revenge. Victor Frankenstein creates the monster but stops short of creating its companion which leads the Creature to take revenge on him. The Creature kills his family members to make him realize the pain of loneliness. In the same way, Victor runs after the monster to exact revenge of his family members but dies during the chase.

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Analysis of Major Themes in Frankenstein by Marry Shelley

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Frankenstein

Themes in frankenstein: the modern prometheus anonymous 12th grade.

Good intentions with horrible consequences is a thread which ties the classical story of Prometheus, the Greek Titan, to Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, a 19th century Romantic novel by Mary Shelley. The ancient story of Prometheus goes as follows, Prometheus saw human suffering on the cold and barren earth and, pitying them, stole fire from the Greek God of Gods, Zeus, to help them. Zeus, furious at Prometheus for helping the humans, punished both Prometheus and the humans. He created Pandora, the first woman, to unleash evils upon the world and disrupt mankind. Prometheus was chained to a rock by Zeus’ servants, Force and Violence. In literature, fire and light often symbolizes knowledge, which it does in both the cases of Prometheus and Frankenstein. Prometheus may have physically given the humans a spark, but with that came knowledge. They gained knowledge of how to build houses, harvest crops, and survive. This knowledge proved detrimental to them as it often does. The idiom, “ignorance is bliss,” means that without knowledge everything will be peaceful. Knowledge corrupts. Excess knowledge destroys. This holds true for Frankenstein as well. With his knowledge he created the Creature. He created the Creature with...

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theme of frankenstein essay

theme of frankenstein essay

Frankenstein

Mary shelley, ask litcharts ai: the answer to your questions.

Family, Society, Isolation Theme Icon

In its preface, Frankenstein claims to be a novel that gives a flattering depiction of "domestic affection." That seems a strange claim in a novel full of murder, tragedy, and despair. But, in fact, all that tragedy, murder, and despair occur because of a lack of connection to either family or society. Put another way, the true evil in Frankenstein is not Victor or the monster , but isolation. When Victor becomes lost in his studies he removes himself from human society, and therefore loses sight of his responsibilities and the consequences of his actions. The monster turns vengeful not because it's evil, but because its isolation fills it with overwhelming hate and anger. And what is the monster's vengeance? To make Victor as isolated as it. Add it all up, and it becomes clear that Frankenstein sees isolation from family and society as the worst imaginable fate, and the cause of hatred, violence, and revenge.

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theme of frankenstein essay

Nature and Human Nature in Frankenstein

Close-reading a chilling classic.

I now own two editions of Frankenstein whose cover illustrations prominently feature icebergs. The first one I acquired, a Broadview Edition, I bought for an undergraduate class. Its cover design is a full-page, blue-tinted, grainy photograph of a gigantic, pyramidal spike of ice, with the title of the book and other relevant information in a neat, white text box in the center.

The second is a Norton Critical Edition I purchased for a grad school course. Its iceberg is different—the focal point of an eerie 1824 painting then called “The Polar Sea” by Caspar David Friedrich (now it is called “Sea of Ice”). Glacial images, though, do not seem to be the most popular choice for Frankenstein covers (based on a  cursory internet search, at least), with many of the book’s manifold editions visually acknowledging its most famous character—the Monster—and with many of these, in turn, associating the book and its Monster with an image from the relevant pop culture horror pantheon, often the famous Boris Karloff visage, complete with neck bolts and an enhanced supraorbital ridge.

With their covers, the Broadview and Norton editions are emphasizing an aspect of the Frankenstein story that gets left out of movies—the epistolary framing narrative written by the lonely, Arctic-immured Captain Walton, who hears the story of the mad scientist and his monster-creation straight from the Modern Prometheus, himself, after finding Frankenstein dying on one of the floes in a failed, final pursuit of his creature. The Norton Edition’s iceberg, though, does more than establish the story’s actual setting, and emphasize that many of the novel’s main themes run through the multi-layered framing device that is Captain Walton’s frozen ship (such as ambition to know and control the natural world, or the desire for friendship/companionship); Freiderich’s painting, with its towering, jagged spires, depicts, off to the side, the wreckage of a wooden ship, dwarfed when juxtaposed with and easily splintered by the giant crystals of ice—and is notable for its stressing the breathtaking prettiness and dangerous mortality of the scene, elements which correspond to the concepts of the Sublime and the Beautiful as developed by Edmund Burke, among others. Indeed, Frankenstein teems with sublime imagery, and it is used, along with references to weather and climate patterns, race-creating metaphors and allusions to parental Biblical activity, and a theme of powerlessness against stronger forces, to build a criticism against human beings believing that they can know and master all.

The word “sublime” is used seven times in the text, and, in many scenes, humans marvel at the magnificence, scale, and powerfulness of nature. Young Frankenstein is even impelled to learn more about science and electricity (which many movies represent as the jolt that animates the Monster’s corpse, though in the book, Frankenstein’s life-giving scientific process is kept obscure) after watching a tree get smote by lightening. He is excited by the power he sees in nature, and desires to master it by creating human life from dead matter.

He ends up enlivening his gigantic, superhuman monster “on a dreary night in November” while it is raining. Here, the reference to the darkness and the weather on the night the Monster was born mirrors the fabled circumstances from which the book Frankenstein was created; according to the preface Percy Shelley wrote for his wife, her story Frankenstein was incepted at night, during a rainy season.

The Monster was born during harsh weather conditions, and, in the novel, his coming is usually preceded by harsh weather, and natural conditions which constitute the Sublime. When Robert Walton sees him on the dogsled, out on the ice, the Monster is barely visible through curtains of fog and sheets of ice. During a violent storm after he has returned home (after William’s murder), Frankenstein sees the Monster by the light of a lightening flash, for the first time since abandoning the laboratory. When the Monster confronts Frankenstein, it is raining and they are atop a mountain peak (where Frankenstein has craved to go, because “the sight of the awful and majestic in nature had indeed always the effect of solemnizing my mind and causing me to forget the cares of life.” It is raining powerfully when the Monster strangles Elizabeth on her wedding night. The power, scale, and august danger of the Monster matches that of nature, so much so that nature foreshadows, and becomes a proscenium for, the Monster. The Monster is both a person, and a force of nature (which is what Frankenstein has rather longed to be).

Though Frankenstein has been fascinated by science since childhood, his desire to become a scientist is confirmed when he meets Waldman, his future university teacher and mentor. Waldman expounds, during a lecture,

“
but these philosophers, whose hands seem only made to dabble in dirt, and their eyes to pore over the microscope or crucible, have indeed performed miracles. They penetrate into the recesses of nature and show how she works in her hiding-places. They ascend into the heavens; they have discovered how the blood circulates, and the nature of the air we breathe. They have acquired new and almost unlimited powers; they can command the thunders of heaven, mimic the earthquake, and even mock the invisible world with its own shadows.”

Frankenstein is moved, and then has this same ambition: to “unfold to the world the deepest mysteries of creation.” Indeed, his ambitions surpass science and skirt metaphysics—he plays with creation, desires to form his own race of people, longs to master nature; he builds his creature, which he refers to as a new Adam, even more powerful than himself.

He longs to be like God as a creator, but fails at being God as a father/parent, abandoning his progeny in fear. He has, in attempting to play God, created something he cannot, or will not be able to, control. He doesn’t even own up to this until the Monster has killed nearly everyone about which he cares—after Elizabeth is murdered, Frankenstein devotes his life to destroying the Monster he once produced, with an ambition that almost mimics his prior ambition—to harness that which cannot be harnessed. Frankenstein believes he has failed, when he creates the Monster, and so abandons him—he does not realize that he still has it within his power to make his experiment succeed, by giving the Monster the father, friend, or creator he will come to crave.

While finally hunting for the Monster, he is weakened by the Arctic weather conditions and would almost die on the ice if Walton didn’t find him. The natural world which he has built his monster to weather has ultimately weathered him—in a sad cycle, Frankenstein calls himself the “blasted tree” that had inspired him to harness nature, to begin with. Frankenstein becomes the ruins of nature, while the Monster IS nature, in all its might—while hunting him, Frankenstein hears the Monster laugh at him, and this great laugh is echoed by the nearby mountains. Nature and the Monster ultimately become one, here—both untamable and undaunted at the prospect of someone even attempting to do just that. Just as the Monster, in his power, is impervious to the Arctic conditions, Frankenstein is not, and he is destroyed by the very scale, and powerfulness he was once able to create.

Frankenstein’s ability to destroy, though, is more powerful than his ability to create… and ultimately prevents larger destruction. The two times in the novel when Monster appears to a narrator when it is not raining, take place at night, and both feature the destruction of something by Frankenstein—the first is when he watches Frankenstein create the female Monster (and then destroy her, and the second is when the Monster appears to Frankenstein’s corpse on Walton’s ship. The first is an active decision, and the second is passive—but they are both accompanied by a giant moon and clear skies. Nothing is sublime, in these two scenes—Frankenstein is grounded and longs to protect instead of produce. His abilities to curb his actions, or ultimate inabilities to carry on with something dangerous or powerful (by refusing not to build a monster, or by not being able to carry on their fight), end problems before they begin. While these actions cannot stop nature, or undo more powerful forces, they can prevent problems from escalating.

Frankenstein tells Walton as much, before he dies—that pursuing the Arctic campaign is not worth the sacrifice, and will only add to unfortunate events. Walton can be seen as a combination of the Monster and Frankenstein—he is self-taught, friendless, and longs to beat the harsh weather and climate conditions that he faces. Frankenstein’s death not only ends the feud with the Monster, but saves the ship and all of its crewmen from a terrible fate. He saves their families from suffering. Frankensetin’s own destruction, then, is possibly the most powerful thing that he has ever done.

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theme of frankenstein essay

The Novel “Frankenstein” by Mary Shelley Essay

Is Frankenstein more human than some people in the real world? Whether justice manifests the unfair arbitrariness or underlies the indestructible moral pillar has troubled many distinguished minds. Marry Shelly’s novel Frankenstein traverses through the intricacies of this multifaceted concept depicting characters, some of which bow down against the righteous punishment whilst others get away with it. The novel’s plot unfolds around Victor Frankenstein’s demiurge obsession, making him covet the greatest might of creating life. Throughout her novel, Shelley constructs a narrative argument for the interconnectedness of justice, responsibility, and vengeance.

The irony of Frankenstein’s situation lies in his perception of irresponsibility. As a mad scientist, he believes in the righteousness of the way of unorthodox discovery and experimentation. Obsession with science leads Frankenstein to believe that running the soon-to-be disastrous experiment is the only responsible and just thing to do. This fact confirms the thesis of the essay and highlights such topics of Frankenstein story as justice and vengeance.

Frankenstein’s monster turned out to be a hideous fiend, wronged by men and abandoned by its creator. It is surprisingly articulate and thoughtful, often reflecting on the nature of life, benevolence, and vice. He believes that if he is alive, he has a right to be content and the capability to be virtuous: “I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend. Make me happy, and I shall again be virtuous” (Shelley 90). Despite his yearning for goodness and happiness, the corrupting touch of humanity leads him to commit heinous, vengeful things, such as murdering Frankenstein’s friend and bride. The monster tries to justify his action, commenting on how unjustly Victor treated him:

“Listen to me, Frankenstein. You accuse me of murder; and yet you would, with a satisfied conscience, destroy your own creature. Oh, praise the eternal justice of man!” (Shelley 91)

The deaths and suffering caused by the monster could have been prevented had Victor Frankenstein exhibited responsibility and care for his creation. Alas, his responsibility reinforced vengeance and man’s eternal justice.

In conclusion, Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein explores responsibility, justice, and vengeance, among other philosophical ideas pertaining to human nature. The portrayal of Victor Frankenstein characterizes man’s inability to take responsibility for opportunist acts. When reading a novel, the reader can immerse themself in the world of studying human nature. Factors such as justice and responsibility, described in the essay, can provide significant food for thought about human behavior and priorities.

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein . AmazonClassics, 2017.

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ETWF41 - GCSE English - Frankenstein Workbook (includes Answers)

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If the thought of the Grade 9-1 GCSE English Literature exam keeps you up at night, have no fear — this fantastic Workbook for Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein has everything you need! It’s packed with questions on the plot, characters, context, themes and the writer’s techniques — with answers at the back. We’ve also included a section of exercises to help students practise the skills they’ll need for the exam, exam-style questions and there’s even a cartoon that summarises the whole plot.

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  1. Frankenstein Themes

    Frankenstein explores one of mankind's most persistent and destructive flaws: prejudice. Nearly every human character in the novel assumes that the monster must be dangerous based on its outward appearance, when in truth the monster is (originally) warm and open-hearted. Again and again the monster finds himself assaulted and rejected by entire villages and families despite his attempts to ...

  2. Themes in Frankenstein with Examples and Analysis

    Theme #1. Creation. The theme of creation is at the center of the novel, Frankenstein. The story shows how Victor creates a monster and instills life in it after gaining scientific knowledge of life at Ingolstadt. Victor plays God or pretends to become one to create life. His ambition of creating life and emulating his own creation fails.

  3. Frankenstein

    Summary of Frankenstein. The text is told in an epistolary narrative form using three narrators: Robert Walton, Victor Frankenstein, and the monster. The novel begins with a series of letters by Walton, an arctic explorer, to his sister. He writes of his encounter with a weakened Victor on the ice, who he nurses back to health aboard ship.

  4. Themes in Frankenstein: Fate, Nature, Revenge, & More

    We can't say that there is one main one. Among the key themes are fate, love, revenge, family, nature, and science. So, welcome to the page where our editorial team has explored them! Here you'll find Frankenstein family tree and a detailed thematic analysis of Shelley's novel. We will write a custom essay specifically.

  5. Frankenstein

    Victor Frankenstein, in his arrogance, attempts to uncover the "secrets of creation" and to "make a path" through the "fortress of nature." However, no matter how powerful a swimmer may be, a wave can always overpower them. Similarly, nature can never be defeated. In the end, it is Victor who is annihilated for his misguided endeavor to ...

  6. Frankenstein Themes

    Discussion of themes and motifs in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. eNotes critical analyses help you gain a deeper understanding of Frankenstein so you can excel on your essay or test.

  7. 109 Outstanding Frankenstein Essay Topics

    Welcome to the Frankenstein Essay Topics page prepared by our editorial team! Here, you'll find a selection of top ideas, questions, and titles for any academic paper. We have topics about Frankenstein's literary analysis, characters, themes, and more. We will write a custom essay specifically. for you for only 11.00 9.35/page.

  8. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein: Essay & Research Paper Samples ...

    📝 Frankenstein: Essay Samples List. Frankenstein, by Mary Shelley, is famous all over the world.School and college students are often asked to write about the novel. On this page, you can find a collection of free sample essays and research papers that focus on Frankenstein.Literary analysis, compare & contrast essays, papers devoted to Frankenstein's characters & themes, and much more.

  9. Frankenstein Themes, Symbols & Motifs

    In the following essay, originally published in 1981, Kestner maintains that Frankenstein "constitutes one of the greatest explorations of pathological narcissism." Kestner finds that Victor Frankenstein epitomizes narcissism, and that this theme is furthered by the novel's frame narrative form resembling a mirror.

  10. Frankenstein Sample Essay Outlines

    Sample Essay Outlines. Discuss the true nature and personality of the creature in Shelley's Frankenstein. I. Thesis Statement: Although the creature behaves viciously and murders several people ...

  11. Ambition and Fallibility Theme in Frankenstein

    Ambition and Fallibility Theme Analysis. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Frankenstein, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. Through Victor and Walton, Frankenstein portrays human beings as deeply ambitious, and yet also deeply flawed. Both Victor and Walton dream of transforming society and bringing ...

  12. Frankenstein Themes

    The text of Frankenstein itself symbolizes many of the same themes that its contents symbolize. For example: Frankenstein's monster is a creature created by imbuing various old body parts with a new life; similarly, Shelley's texts include direct quotes and references to many older poems and literary works.

  13. Frankenstein: Themes

    The theme of ambition is central to Frankenstein. By making the creature, Victor is presented by Shelley as trying to be God-like, giving life. He also has ambitions to defy nature through his scientific endeavours. Knowledge and evidence: Frankenstein is shown to have Promethean ambition:

  14. Analysis Of Major Themes In Frankenstein By Marry Shelley: [Essay

    The third major theme of the novel Frankenstein is the idea of over-ambition. Ambition is the driving force which leads us to work harder, to do something big. However, there is a limit to everything including ambition. Mary Shelley associates Frankenstein with other mythical beings like Prometheus and Faustus.

  15. Frankenstein Study Guide

    Key Facts about Frankenstein. Full Title: Frankenstein, or, The Modern Prometheus. When Published: 1818. Literary Period: Switzerland and London, England: 1816-1817. Genre: Gothic novel. Setting: Switzerland, France, England, Scotland, and the North Pole in the 18th century. Climax: The Monster's murder of Elizabeth Lavenza on her wedding ...

  16. PDF An analysis of the theme of alienation in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

    4 alienation in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and to present evidence that support the essay's purpose. The essay is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains an introduction to the history of the gothic novel, and Frankenstein's place within it, and furthermore it also tells in short the life of Mary Shelley, and how the novel came to life.

  17. Frankenstein Essay

    Join Now Log in Home Literature Essays Frankenstein Themes in Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus Frankenstein Themes in Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus Anonymous 12th Grade. Good intentions with horrible consequences is a thread which ties the classical story of Prometheus, the Greek Titan, to Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus, a 19th century Romantic novel by Mary Shelley.

  18. Frankenstein

    Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus is an 1818 novel written by English author Mary Shelley. Frankenstein tells the story of Victor Frankenstein, a young scientist who creates a sapient creature in an unorthodox scientific experiment. Shelley started writing the story when she was 18, and the first edition was published anonymously in London on 1 January 1818, when she was 20.

  19. Revenge Theme in Frankenstein

    Revenge Theme Analysis. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Frankenstein, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. The monster begins its life with a warm, open heart. But after it is abandoned and mistreated first by Victor and then by the De Lacey family, the monster turns to revenge.

  20. Family, Society, Isolation Theme in Frankenstein

    Family, Society, Isolation Theme Analysis. LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in Frankenstein, which you can use to track the themes throughout the work. In its preface, Frankenstein claims to be a novel that gives a flattering depiction of "domestic affection." That seems a strange claim in a novel full of murder, tragedy, and ...

  21. Responsibility as a Theme in Frankenstein Essay

    It describes the problems of modern science and its consequences for humanity. The uniqueness of the novel is that Frankenstein has literary merits to 'frighten and amaze' (Mellor 45). There is much historical interest in the work as an example of various strains and aspects of Romanticism (Mellor 45). We will write a custom essay on your ...

  22. Nature and Human Nature in Frankenstein â€č CrimeReads

    I now own two editions of Frankenstein whose cover illustrations prominently feature icebergs. The first one I acquired, a Broadview Edition, I bought for an undergraduate class. Its cover design is a full-page, blue-tinted, grainy photograph of a gigantic, pyramidal spike of ice, with the title of the book and other relevant information in a neat, white text box in the center.

  23. The Novel "Frankenstein" by Mary Shelley Essay

    The novel's plot unfolds around Victor Frankenstein's demiurge obsession, making him covet the greatest might of creating life. Throughout her novel, Shelley constructs a narrative argument for the interconnectedness of justice, responsibility, and vengeance. We will write a custom essay on your topic. The irony of Frankenstein's ...

  24. GCSE English

    Write a review. In stock. £6.50. Add to Basket. Add to Book List. If the thought of the Grade 9-1 GCSE English Literature exam keeps you up at night, have no fear — this fantastic Workbook for Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein has everything you need! It's packed with questions on the plot, characters, context, themes and the writer's ...