the keystone research group

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Reviews 2.0.

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If your new to the world of crypto this is the BEST place to be!

If your new to the world of crypto this group is by far the best place to be. I've navigated the crypto world on my own and its hard to find creditable sources. After, being a part of the group for almost a year now I can honestly say this group is the most informed and best equipped for all things crypto. The community and members all help each other out. The staff and admins are all polite and quick to respond to inquires. I'm really glad to be part of team that has my back navigating the crypto space!

Date of experience : April 17, 2024

Keystone members are awesome

Keystone members are awesome. Ready to assist you with any problem.

Date of experience : April 02, 2024

I was ready to become a member of…

I was ready to become a member of keystoneinvestor, but reading the reviews, I changed my mind. I understand each of the bad experiences each of you had. I read someone explained how much he learnt on this company. Blockchain. RC20, etc he said he paid around 1600 and still he has to trade using your poor knowledges on it. Based on the add, I understood that they are investors, not traders. It means they teach you about Crypto-economy. They won't trade for you. My conclusion is that they are not helping very much. I did and I am still doing courses about crypto-economy for little $20, $15, or 12, $ dollars each course. The academia is called academiazamna.com. They have been growing since before and during the pandemic. The community is growing. The course is giving to the Spanish communities since it is a Spanish academia. I made some investments with them but because of the low prices in crypto now, we are stocked. My investments are on hold and I am buying in the low market keeping cash to buy when it falls more due to the economy and posible recession. I believe crypto currency will exist in the future as a hybrid economy.

Date of experience : September 11, 2022

To me this is a must join for those who…

To me this is a must join for those who are brand new to Crypto. They teach the basics of how to choose your exchange, how to set up your accounts and how to buy and sell crypto, and how to transfer crypto. They also teach you how to research different Crypto and what to look for in a decent Cryptocurrency. They do offer a complete library where you can research different cryptocurrencies. They have weekly classes that you can join to learn the basics and to learn about the different cryptocurrencies out there. They have weekly informative newsletters as well as a private forum where you can interact with other Crypto investors. It's like taking a college course. As you know some college courses will run you thousands of dollars. The basic membership which cost me around $1600, was well worth it to me. I didn't opt into the VIP Round Table which cost way more money than I was willing to fork up. I used that money to fund my exchange accounts so that I can trade with so I'm doing ok with the membership that I have now. I have learned so much. The weekly calls are recorded so you can always go back through them if you miss one. Everyone in the forum seems to be extremely helpful. But you have to do your due diligence and research and learn. Trading crypto is a skill that must be learned and developed over time. Anyone expecting to become seasoned investors immediately and make tons of money right away, this is not the club for you. They tell you that! They do have software that they developed that does the trading for you, but you have to set it up in such a way from the experiences you had while manually trading for a while so you know what to expect. It's also expensive. I believe it's around $2400. But they have weekly classes on strategies of setting up the software to maximize your profits and you can always ask questions. If you don't understand crypto and how to trade crypto effectively, the software is useless to you. So unless you have been actively trading for a while this tool may not help you the way you expect it to. Keystone offers a lot of tools to help you gain the knowledge you need to be successful. Understanding Blockchain, what ERC20 tokens are, and others, as well as understanding NFT's and long and short-term investing strategies on different Cryptocurrencies. But you have to put in the effort to learn. This club has helped me generate positive gains from trading and using best practices that they teach. You do not want to dive into crypto without knowing what you're doing. You risk losing more than you gain.

Date of experience : May 17, 2021

Remember this

It was really appreciated that you finished your homework before sending in the payment. I can only recommend "cal, m0 sh! Ub’ " as a platform based on my experience here. Do not succumb to their deceit! How fraudulent this investing company is.

Date of experience : February 23, 2024

Requesting specific resources, information, advice during..

IF YOU ARE READING THIS REVIEW, and you happen to actually KNOW a legit way to learn and earn in this type of way or any type of way that is going to help survive the technology automation of the world and rise above the US $, I am in need of guidance. I almost bought into this program on a fixed income and it would have been 2 months worth of money plus$ to invest- if I would have had to go through learning I had to spend thousands more only to get scammed on a refund possibly I couldn't survive. Please. If zthere is any legit way to make money online that's free or doable let me know. Thank you for the reviews I'm glad I decided to check out trustpilot!

Date of experience : January 31, 2024

What a crooked outfit

What a crooked outfit. I have been seeing their YouTube ads claiming that on April 25, 2024 the US Federal Reserve is going to do away with cash - do not you better park your wealth with them. Absurd to the point of criminality. We’re getting FedNow, an enhanced ACH system. Such garbage

Date of experience : January 23, 2024

Don't trust them.

Don't trust them. Don't decide right a way. I spent $7000 for nothing. I was desperate , he said if I don't decide now then you will lose spot. So I put all my money. But first thing they ask me to write down is it will be all my responsibility. Since I have language problems and old lady, I couldn't catch up. In this bull market, only thing I can do is recurring buy for bitcoin and ethurium. I found out later there is something out there with $100. I try to refund it but they never listen. Please don't waist your money.

Date of experience : March 08, 2024

This rating derives from looking at the reviews here (keystone investor) where there is a 2 star rating. But I checked out Keystone Research Group and viewed 4+ stars. Is there a difference here, obviously appearing to be? A few mention scam potential but did anyone consider they joined or research the wrong organization?

Date of experience : February 01, 2024

This is a very dishonest company

This is a very dishonest company. They must be going out of business because they will not cancel you and refund your money. I had to contact the credit card company and it's indispute. They're about as low as you can go and your fool to do business with them. A legitimate company would never act like this and they're clearly not a legitimate company. They need to be taken off of the internet for their fraud.

Date of experience : January 04, 2024

CHINESE SCAMMERS

Keystone is a Chinese company full of disgusting liars and crooks. Why would any sane person invest in a Chinese scam?

Date of experience : February 12, 2024

I was about to schedule a call with the…

I was about to schedule a call with the company when I decided to look up the reviews! I was previously scammed with A crypto investor so I know to do my research! Thank you all very much for posting your experience! I believe you have saved me from another pit fall ! Beware of crypto investors

Back in 2021 I bought the program for…

Back in 2021 I bought the program for somewhere near $1000, then got into their site trying to find the crypto he was bragging about, but there was too much info to decipher through and I couldn't find it. I guess i gave up too soon while getting the usual upsells. I asked for a refund and was actually given one promptly. Still today seeing ads several times per week about the Particular day some big event will happen which is just about 2 or 3 different times per month every month. Great Sales pitch for those who's never heard his pitch before...but a bunch a crock a doo

Date of experience : March 06, 2023

Wasn’t aware of these reviews

Wasn’t aware of these reviews. Im in the same boat. 60 day money back guarantee . Not a show of getting your money back, zero. All the advice sounds potentially megga fantastic if your able to comprehend the info. My brain is not sharp after an accident, turns to spaghetti when trying to learn the information available. Plenty of support for those needing it. A shame the integrity is tarnished due to these millionaires betraying ones trust and contract. All up the single price quoted was $8250 Australian.

Date of experience : December 10, 2021

Before I started they promised a policy…

Before I started they promised a policy of 💯 refund. I deposited and into it for 5 months on payout I didn't hear from them again. I was dubbed of my hard earnings, I filed a complaint to my written contact name here for assistance. I submitted the requested documents of proofs. They figured it out in less than 3 days to return back my stolen funds.

Date of experience : September 15, 2023

Sean Okay this sucks. I want to stay connected with you, but they will not let me … Let me see if it will allow my number lol 910-694-7084

Be vigilant

BOTTOMLESS PITFALL that I was just about to fall in and open my wallet, something in my 6-th sens compelled me to investigate deeper. What I have discovered surely saved not only my hard earned retirement money, but my sanity as well. I am an elderly woman, who is "old school" fundamentally trusting person, easy pray to be scammed. There is lot of "US" out there, unsuspecting victims. BE VIGILANT. All the bad reviews that I red about the practices of KEYSTONE INVESTOR sales pitch, sluggish return policy,and confusing educational material, not to mention the"hook" to suck more money out of your wallet, turned me OFF. I choose to invest in crypto currency with company that has some form of official oversight. SINCERELY I.P.

Date of experience : April 15, 2022

Don’t spend the money

Pretty much the same as everyone is talking about. Product is oversold when signing up, then when you ask for your money back, they take a hard line and refuse to refund any amount. Horrible customer service. A rough $6000 education in why conducting proper prior research before purchase is important.

Date of experience : January 12, 2022

Too good to be true?

I've been bombarded advertisements by Keystoneinvestor for nearly year now, promising an event is going happen that will turn $5000 into $5,000,000 and only a few wealthy people know about it.The event date keeps changing every few months. Iman Shafiei states he retired to the Caribbean a multimillionaire from Bitcoin. What is Iman Shafiei motivation to be spruiking a subscription service that costs $1000s ? if he can turn $5000 into $5,000,000 as he states in his ads, 1000 times your investment, he wouldn't tell anyone. If Iman Shafiei wasn't scamming anyone he would give at the minimum 90 days free access. If the subscriber found the service profitable they would automatically sign up to a paid subscription. Just commonsense. If it looks like a scam, it is a scam!

Date of experience : July 17, 2021

Qr I invested in Keystone which is with…

Qr I invested in Keystone which is with quantum one it was crap the guy called me everyday whatever time he wanted and then when I wouldn't put any more money into it and I'd already put the 250 like they said but it turned around to me 360 because of the United States I think I got ripped off I sent them a text message stating that I needed to get it on my phone because my laptop had crashed and nobody text me back then I got an email saying I'm on merge something I don't even know what it means now still and nobody took contact me back nobody nobody nobody I was up to $5,000 in a two and a half months that's it not like they say the big Whopper no $5,000 a week or 5,000 a day none of that keystone's a bunch of scamming thieves liars that like harassing you to put more money in and then once you say no they don't even bother trying my guys name is Nick just to let you all know and yeah Nick doesn't like being a nice man and then I can't remember the girl's name that wrote me the email but I text back and or email back and nobody email me not at all couldn't get a phone number to call nothing so I couldn't get on my platform because my laptop crashed couldn't get on my phone because I couldn't get a hold of the app so yeah I got screwed big time and I'm a homeless person I took $250 of my money being homeless hoping to get more money so I could get a place and I got screwed not the way I wanted but I got screwed bad so now I'm poorer than what I was and I have no trust in these Bitcoin or Tesla crap things anymore because I got robbed and scammed and hurt I feel violated I feel like I was raped if you see their head or they call you tell him to take a hike my name is Sandra nancarrow

Date of experience : May 10, 2023

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Keystone Research Group   Reviews

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Reviews 4.5.

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Learning a new skill!

I am fairly new to this space, and I am trying to absorb the concepts of swing trading. I appreciate the training and believe that I can master it over time. learning some altcoins that have good utility is very important to know to make good selections from the tremendous number of them. I am grateful to begin to understand this new skill. Thank you Iman and the team and the Community! I appreciate it! John.

Date of experience : 16 April 2024

Reply from Keystone Research Group

Dear John, Thank you for sharing your journey into the world of swing trading and cryptocurrencies with us. It's wonderful to hear that you're finding value in the training provided by Keystone Research Group and that you're enthusiastic about mastering this new skill. Understanding the complexities of altcoins and their utilities is indeed crucial for making informed trading decisions, especially given the vast number of options available in the market. We're delighted that our resources and community are helping you navigate these choices and that you feel supported as you learn. Iman and the entire team are committed to your success and are here to assist you every step of the way. We're grateful for your appreciation and are excited to see your continued progress and achievements in the crypto space. Thank you once again for being a part of our community. Here's to many more milestones in your trading journey! Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Success is up to you

Iman is very professional and the information he provides to members is world-class. Successful people do the right things long enough CONSISTENTLY. This statement sums up what I find the Silver Platter Newsletter subscription to be for me and how I utilize it. I am grateful to be a part of this group.

Learning the basics

With this program, I have been able to set up my wallets, exchanges, and get started in buying crypto currency which is huge as I knew very little about it before. There is great customer and technical support in the form of messaging, calls, and a forum to post questions. The weekly calls and monthly newsletters are very helpful. That said, there is a steep learning curve for someone who is not a developer and does not have a background in finance but they are doing a good job of bridging this.

Great team!

Between the continuous improvement, support, community, and instructors, I have been impressed with keystone every step of the way for the past 4 years.

Date of experience : 22 April 2024

Keystone is very supportive.

Keystone research group is consistent and supportive. They show up each and every time with knowledge and patience. I've learned so much since I've been with them. Highly recommended.

Dear Cheryl, Thank you so much for your glowing review and for recommending Keystone Research Group. We are delighted to hear about your positive experience with our team and the value you've found in our services. Our commitment is to consistently provide insightful, knowledgeable support, ensuring that every member feels confident and well-informed. It's feedback like yours that affirms we are on the right track. Knowing that you've gained so much from your time with us is incredibly rewarding. We appreciate your trust in us and look forward to continuing to support your journey in the world of cryptocurrency. Warm regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Keystone Research Group Review: do a…

Iman and the guys at Keystone do a first rate job of explaining how to trade, where to trade, how to safely store coins that you buy, and explaining the coins that they recommend. I am a total novice at Bitcoin and have found this website to be very informative. I am not sure that there is a product anywhere close to this on the internet. Thanks guys for the time and professionalism you put into Keystone!

if I could give zero stars I…

if I could give zero stars I would...over the top sales process...redundant and repetitive....if you have been in business since 2018 give me all the coins you have recommended with entry points and exit points so we can see your track record...that would take your sales video to 20 minutes and probably sell more. Track record rather than selective success stories would work better. Also be careful of anything coming from the Caribbean...different laws to get a refund

Date of experience : 22 February 2024

Iman is really knowledgeable and…

Iman is really knowledgeable and generous with what he knows. He is patient and persistent in being sure everyone is being brought up to speed at their own rate. No judgements. It is refreshing to learn from him.

Best Crypto Training

I joined the Round Table in May 2023 and the training is far beyond anything I found elsewhere for crypto or any type of investments. Follow what they say and you will be a winner. Even with the whole crypto down at the moment I am still up over 36% in spite of some early mistakes that I have learned from.

Dear Ben, Thank you for your enthusiastic review and for sharing your success with us! We're delighted to hear that your experience with our Round Table training has surpassed your expectations and provided you with exceptional value in the realm of cryptocurrency investment. At Keystone Research Group, we're committed to offering in-depth, practical training that not only educates but also empowers our members to make informed decisions, even in the volatile world of crypto. It's fantastic to hear that following our guidance has led you to achieve a significant return, especially in a down market. Learning from early mistakes and turning them into profitable strategies is exactly the kind of growth we hope to foster. We appreciate your trust in our program and are thrilled to see you thriving as a confident investor. Thank you once again for choosing Keystone and for recommending our training. We look forward to continuing to support your journey and seeing even more of your investment successes. Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Best place to learn about crypto

After experience myself by months in the Keystone Research Group I have already learn more than 99% of the persons about crypto. how to buy, hold and make profitable investment wisely with great support!

KRG is one of a kind, the best crypto training out there! Matt & Iman are both so knowledgable and committed to our success.

My experience was great because Matt and Iman are both so knowledgeable regarding crypto and committed to our success. The knowledge I've gained since I became a member of Keystone Research Group, has equipped me with enough info to better understand trading, crypto selection picks, when to buy and when to take profits and how long to hold. These guys are one of a kind, they show up every Tuesday and Thursday equipped with answers or whatever new info they may have found in the crypto world to share with us. They lead and guide us where to find resources and who to stay away from. They are both patient and courteous and if there is a question they have no answer to, they research, get it or tell u where to find it. The website is easily accessible and provide so many answers to almost every general question asked about crypto... I love these guys; they are truly genuine and stand out as best among the rest. Needless to say, I'm very happy with Keystone Research Group. :)

Date of experience : 11 April 2024

Dear Sandra, Thank you so much for your enthusiastic and heartfelt review! We are incredibly grateful for your kind words and thrilled to hear about the positive impact Keystone Research Group has had on your journey into the world of cryptocurrency. Matt, Iman, and the entire team are deeply committed to providing the best possible training and support, ensuring each member not only understands the fundamentals of crypto trading but also excels in making informed decisions. It's wonderful to know that you feel well-equipped to navigate the complexities of trading, from selecting the right crypto to knowing when to buy, sell, and hold. Your acknowledgment of our team's dedication to providing timely answers and resources is much appreciated. We aim to maintain an accessible and informative platform, and hearing that it has been a valuable resource for you is truly rewarding. We're honored by your praise and excited to continue supporting your success in the crypto space. Here’s to more learning, growth, and profitable trading ahead! Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Focused instruction

They provide great research and guidance into navigating the crypto space. Crypto seemed really confusing until I joined their platform. They make it simpler and more focused to purchase and trade.

Dear Janice, Thank you for your wonderful review! We're thrilled to hear that our platform has clarified the complexities of the cryptocurrency space for you. At Keystone Research Group, our aim is to demystify crypto by providing focused instruction, comprehensive research, and practical guidance that make trading and investing more accessible and manageable. It's great to know that you've found our approach helpful for navigating your crypto journey more confidently. We strive to simplify the process, ensuring that each member can not only understand but also effectively apply the knowledge to their trading strategies. Thank you for choosing Keystone as your guide in the crypto world. We look forward to continuing to support you with valuable insights and resources. Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Keystone is my Crypto Connection

If you are brave enough to take the RED-PILL and follow the Rabbit into the World of Crypto then you are in the right place. There is no fluff and these guys like to teach. There are plenty of resources and they are serious about making you money. You are not alone here and there is always a way to reach out and get support. When you are ready to level up to Active Investing then once again, you are in the right place. I went through a few Crypto-Gurus before I landed here, and this is the best place for Crypto Education, Community, and making money.

Date of experience : 15 April 2024

Dear Robert, Thank you for such a vibrant and enthusiastic review! We're thrilled to hear that Keystone Research Group has become your trusted "Crypto Connection" and that you've found a true sense of community and support with us. Embracing the "RED-PILL" and diving into the world of cryptocurrency can indeed be a thrilling adventure, and we're glad that our no-fluff, serious approach to education and investment has resonated with you. It’s fantastic to know that our resources and teaching methods are helping you navigate this dynamic field. We're particularly pleased to hear that you feel supported and confident about advancing to active investing. Our goal is not only to educate but to empower our members to make informed decisions and succeed in their investment endeavors. Thank you for choosing Keystone over other options you've explored. We're committed to continuing to deliver the best in crypto education, community, and opportunities for financial growth. We look forward to supporting your journey as you level up in the world of cryptocurrency! Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

THE BEST RESOURCE AND RESEARCH. KEYSTONE RESEARCH GROUP

All those at Keystone are very caring and nurturing. They are great teachers and I feel very fortunate and comfortable with their training and great in-depth research and resources. Iman, Matthew and Rohit are very knowledgeable and personable. I always recommend them to anyone interested.

NORTON RATES THIS SITE AS A SCAM/PHISING CAUTION

The seller states that he is very wealthy. He would like to help/assist people who are in need, the average working person and with a small investment of only $100.00 can turn their lives around. Then asks for $5,000+ as a club member entrance fee. For someone who is a billionaire or multi-millionaire to sell the idea of becoming like him and/or his associates and only having to pay a non-refundable fee of $5,000 and spending a hour on the phone during the initial intake to give up details about your personal life, finances and the like, is a scam. Your sales pitch talks out of both sides of your mouth. You want to help the poor downtrodden hard worker but expect that worker to shell out $5,000 of their hard earned money when you certainly supposedly do not need it being so wealthy. To bad you could not pad norton with "FAKE" positive reviews. Thank goodness for Norton website scam alerts. Shame on you and your non-refunding billionaire scam team. If you truly wanted to help people, you would not charge anything and only accept donations. It is so very obvious your group is dishonest. If you truly search for meaning in life, stop this behavior as it is creating very bad karma for all of you. You were granted the opportunities you have for a reason and now that you are enjoying them, you are abusing them. It will not turn out well.

Date of experience : 09 March 2024

Talk less , the sales pitch is redundant .

Yeah, I would have to agree with most of the people that have chimed in here on Keystone research group. The sales pitch was way too long and very redundant just kept talking in circles. And after reading more than just a few reviews, I came to the conclusion myself that these are a group and set of individuals. I would not want to waste my money or time on. Luckily for me after 45 minutes of hearing hearing the same redundant sales pitch, I dropped it. Furthermore, I believe it should be a soft cell. It should sell itself and you shouldn’t have to spend 2 1/2 hours listening to somebody being redundant over and over again… sales 101 you do not listen to the guys that are the top sales people you talk to the ones that are having a hard time and barely getting by that way you know what to expect moving forward instead of all the hype and garbage that’s listed for the guys that are top tier performers. Rance of a madman.

Dear Greg, We appreciate you taking the time to share your thoughts. However, it's important to clarify that based on the details you've provided, it appears you might not have engaged with our services directly as a client. Sharing such a critical review without firsthand experience of our program may not provide a fair representation of what Keystone Research Group truly offers. We understand that the world of cryptocurrency can be complex and overwhelming for many. This is precisely why we take a detailed and comprehensive approach in our presentations. Our aim is not to rush anyone into a decision but to ensure that they are fully informed and comfortable before choosing to join our community. We believe in the value and quality of our program and are committed to providing our members with all the information they need to navigate the cryptocurrency space confidently. While we appreciate all feedback, we also believe in the importance of honest and constructive criticism based on actual experiences with our services. If you ever decide to explore what Keystone Research Group has to offer and become a part of our community, we would be more than happy to welcome you and provide you with the knowledge and support to succeed in the cryptocurrency market. Best regards, Keystone Research Group

This experience has been one of the…BEST LONGTERM OPPORTUNITIES

This experience has been one of the BEST that I have had concerning investments that can change your life. So many people have told me not to do this but it is one of the few ways to change your financial pathway. We are provided research information, monthly newsletters, sessions where we can provide questions and get answers, and unlimited access to knowledgeable individuals when you need help! Being able to help new people with no experience investing is something I would like to do in the future. I have absolutely no experience and I am seriously excited about what is ahead for me, both Financially and Personally as I become a Keystone Investor!

Dear Karen, Thank you for sharing such an enthusiastic review of your experience with Keystone Research Group! We are thrilled to hear that you consider this opportunity among the best in terms of life-changing investments. At Keystone, we pride ourselves on providing comprehensive and credible research, informative monthly newsletters, and interactive sessions that allow our members to engage directly with experts. It's wonderful to know that these resources have been valuable to you as you embark on your investment journey. Your excitement and optimism about the future are exactly the kind of success stories we strive to create. Your desire to help others who are new to investing is admirable, and we believe your experience and enthusiasm will be incredibly motivating to those just starting out. We're excited to see what the future holds for you, both financially and personally, as part of the Keystone community. Thank you once again for choosing Keystone as your pathway to investment mastery. We look forward to supporting you every step of the way! Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

I am a proud member of Keystone!

I have been a member for almost four years. Keystone is a great resource if you want to become familiar with the cryptocurrency markets and gain an understanding of the technicalities and culture. Its founder, Ian, personally hosts weekly calls to review market conditions and answer questions from members. Also included in the membership are monthly newsletters about his recommended altcoins, which are all thoroughly researched, as well as weekly calls focused on technical concerns. For those who are interested in more advanced training, specifically those who want to learn how to swing trade, you can upgrade to the next level, which is pricey. However, after upgrading a few years ago, I find the membership to be well worth it, because I am always learning. As the swing trading instructor always reminds his students, it's not 'timing the market' but 'time in the market.' Keystone also provides a great community for its members, where we can check in with each other and share charts, etc. It's a reliable and trustworthy resource that I recommend.

Dear Marlene, Thank you for sharing such a positive and detailed review of your experience with Keystone Research Group! As a long-standing member, your insights are especially valuable to us and to those considering joining our community. We're delighted to hear that you've found great value in our resources, from the weekly market review calls hosted by Ian to the in-depth newsletters and the supportive community interaction. Your appreciation for the advanced training in swing trading and your understanding of the importance of 'time in the market' reflect the deep engagement and learning that we strive to foster within our community. It's heartening to know that the investment you made in upgrading your membership has been worthwhile and that you continue to find the learning experience enriching year after year. Thank you for being a part of Keystone, for your ongoing support, and for recommending us to others. We look forward to continuing to serve you with high-quality content and support as you further your journey in the cryptocurrency markets. Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Keystone is the best way to go!

I find all of the calls informative, and I'm learning a lot, slowly but I'm still learning. The reading material is detailed and easy to understand. Thank you, Denise Williams

Thank you Keystone Research Group for…

Thank you Keystone Research Group for the great knowledge and quality content you provide. Because of these informations I was able to make a 12 X return investing in an altcoin.

Date of experience : 17 April 2024

Dear Floryan, Thank you so much for taking the time to share your success story with us! We're thrilled to hear about your impressive 12x return on your altcoin investment, a testament to the power of informed decision-making in the world of cryptocurrency. At Keystone Research Group, our goal is to empower our members with high-quality content and the knowledge necessary to navigate the often volatile crypto market successfully. Your achievement is a wonderful validation of our efforts and the real impact that our resources can have. We appreciate your gratitude and are excited to see what further successes you will achieve using the insights and strategies you've gained from our platform. Keep up the great work, and remember, we're here to support you every step of the way! Best regards, The Keystone Research Group Team

Research Team

More than 350 clinical trials completed, the keystone research team includes some of the most experienced investigators in the nation.

THOMAS WALTERS, MD

Medical director.

KYLA ASCHENBECK, MD

Cataract, cornea & refractive surgeon.

YEN NIEMAN, MD

Cornea, cataract & refractive surgeon.

AMENZE OSA ORIAIFO, MD

Glaucoma & cataract surgeon.

KRISTIN SARGENT, MD

Cataract surgeon.

ISAAC LOOSE, MD

Retina surgeon.

CECILIA SANCHEZ, MD

Retina & diabetic specialist.

JEFFERY R. LANE, OD

Therapeutic optometrist, participate in a study in austin, tx, volunteer for medical research to learn more about your condition, gain access to new treatments and medications, and contribute to medical advancements., have a question/comment.

• 5717 Balcones Dr Austin, TX 78731
• 512-451-4400

HOURS Mon-Fri: 9am – 5:00pm Sat-Sun: Closed

Dr. Dale Parson prepares for retirement

Before retiring after next fall semester, Dr. Parson reminisces on decades of research and industry experience. By Julia Moran Dr. Dale Parson huffs as he enters his office, out of breath from rushing back from the vet. His wife’s favorite cat’s paw pads are inflamed, but he assures that the cat will be okay. Opposite…

Before retiring after next fall semester, Dr. Parson reminisces on decades of research and industry experience.

By Julia Moran

Dr. Dale Parson huffs as he enters his office, out of breath from rushing back from the vet. His wife’s favorite cat’s paw pads are inflamed, but he assures that the cat will be okay. Opposite a bookshelf filled with books detailing the ins and outs of programming is a picture of that cat above his desk. Parson wears an orange sweater and blue jeans, and he rests his hands behind his head as he leans back in his chair. His white hair continues down his face into a medium-length beard, and above that rests his thick-rimmed black glasses.

This will be his last spring semester at Kutztown, as Parson will be retiring at the age of 70 at the end of the fall 2024 semester after teaching for sixteen years. In a class with him, students often hear anecdotes relating to his experience as a software engineer at Bell Labs. However, his transition from industry to academia came from not his complete volition but a forceful removal from Bell Labs. Though, he certainly made the most of his time at Kutztown through his research projects in data mining and computer graphics.

Before coming to Kutztown, Parson originally was a pre-law major hoping to become a lobbyist, then a sociology major, then a college drop-out. He trudged onward though, teaching himself electronics, landing a technician job, and returning to school to get a doctorate in computer science. Parson is nonchalant as he describes moving from one major to another, and the reason behind his final decision to pursue software engineering is casual as well. “I found out I was good at it,” he explains with a laugh. “[It was] stuff that I was good at and then I liked so I could make a living on.”

Good at it he was, as he soon earned an engineering position at Bell Labs, which, at the time, was at the forefront of research and development in technology. Just a few of its accomplishments include the invention of the transistor, the laser, and its discovery of the cosmic microwave background, the most compelling evidence of the Big Bang Theory. Parson joined their ranks and was later promoted to a consulting member of the technical staff, a position only held by the top 1% of the engineers. It seemed that Parson was on track to a prosperous career at Bell Labs, but he had his own reservations about how long that success would last. After a dinner with the big bosses of the company, his wife exclaimed, “I really think they liked your work!” To that, Parson replied, “That could all change tomorrow.”

Sure enough, five years later, Parson was laid off after 20 years of service to the company. Bell Labs itself deteriorated, eventually getting acquired by Nokia, its glory days becoming a ghost story as technology moved on.

Parson had to move on as well, falling back on the connections with Kutztown professors he had since the 1980s. “I always figured I’m doing academia as my last stage in my career anyhow,” he says, but lunches with Dr. Daniel Spiegel and Dr. Harry Gordan (two Kutztown computer science and information technology department professors) secured his spot at Kutztown, with Gordan personally writing a letter encouraging him to apply once he finished his doctorate. Parson even met current President of University Senate and Departmental Chairperson Dr. Lisa Frye during the teaching he did while completing his doctorate. “It was really good because he had a lot of industry experience,” she says of her time as a student of Parson’s. “He would take so much time to discuss with me to make sure I knew what I was doing.”

When Parson finally did become a professor at Kutztown, he combined his industry experience with a dedication to education to develop a unique curriculum. He decided, “I’m gonna treat students just like junior engineers.” Rather than grade students on quizzes and projects created from scratch, Parson gave students existing architecture and code for have students to work on. This not only gave students an experience closer to what they would encounter in the industry but also allowed them to work with and learn from more complex code.

Outside classroom hours, Parson has also worked with students on various projects over the years, such as the decreasing count in raptors at Hawk Mountain. Though raptors used to visit the mountain frequently, their lessened numbers have caused environmental scientists to ring the alarm. “Changes in the health of raptor populations can indicate changes in the environment, and by monitoring such shifts we hope to proactively protect the birds as well as other wildlife and the habitats humans share with them,” the Hawk Mountain Sanctuary Association’s webpage states. Parson and his students have worked to study over 50 years of data to discover the reason for this disturbance, but for now, it remains a mystery with three main suspects: climate change, disease in the population, and change in wind speeds. A student will be continuing the work this summer to try and reach closer to an answer, though Parson suspects wind speeds are the greatest factor. 

Parson could have focused solely on projects similar to this, but, as Frye states, “[Parson] doesn’t stay in his lane.” Over his desk are framed printouts displaying a rainbow of shapes and lines, the colorful patterns cut across a black background a visual representation of music generated by software. He glances at them as he reminisces on the shows in the planetarium that displayed these and other graphical visualizations of computer music. He also speaks proudly of projects he completed that directly impacted his students, such as one that tracked student work habits to help develop curriculum and another the creation of a diagram description language made to assist a blind student in reading diagrams. “Sometimes he makes me tired when I hear everything he’s done,” Frye admits.

Perhaps he will finally get some rest then with his retirement following the fall semester. After seventy years of living in Berks County, Parson and his family will be moving to Albuquerque, New Mexico once his time at Kutztown has completed. He makes an offhand remark that he had his processed visual artwork displayed in various exhibitions, galleries, and conferences, one being in Seoul, so he hopes to create more art, aiming to submit for an exhibition in Seattle. “It’s going to be sad when he retires,” says Frye. “We’re losing a lot of star faculty members.”

However, despite spending much of his life intertwined with technology, Parson can’t wait to walk away from the computer, his biggest advice for students being to “get off the machine for a couple hours a day.” After all, he has cross-country skiing and hiking trips with his granddaughter to look forward to. He stresses the importance of turning off devices and enjoying the offline world, even during something as mundane as a trip to the vet.

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9-foot great white shark starts journey north, pings off St. George Island, Florida

A 9-foot great white shark popped up off the St. George Island coast Monday.

Tagged by the nonprofit research group OCEARCH , the shark's pings show it spent the winter around Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico , traveling as far west in the Gulf as Louisiana.

A ping means the satellite tag attached to the shark's dorsal fin surfaced long enough to send location information to trackers.

The male shark, nicknamed Keji by OCEARCH, pinged far off St. George Island at 12:07 p.m. after previously pinging off Port Fourchon, Louisiana on April 11.

According to his tracker , Keji arrived in Florida in November, first pinging  so utheast of St. Augustine on Nov. 30 , then  near the Florida Keys on Dec. 13 , off Marco Island 's coast Feb. 4 and  Feb. 16 , and Panama City Beach March 15.

North Atlantic white sharks are known to migrate south from the waters around New England and Canada during winter, in search of warmer waters and more abundant food sources.

Keji appears to have started its journey north to return to the waters around Nova Scotia, a trip the animal is making for the third time times since being tagged in September 2021 off Ironbound Island .

Here's what to know about Keji, the nonprofit group OCEARCH and great white sharks in Florida:

More about OCEARCH great white shark Keji

Keji was tagged by OCEARCH near Ironbound Island Nova Scotia on Sept. 22, 2021. At the time, the male juvenile white shark measured 9 feet 7 inches and weighed in at 578 pounds.

Great white sharks can grow up to 20 feet long, but most are smaller with adult females averaging 15-16 feet and males 11-13 feet long.

Keji was named after the Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site in the region where he was tagged, according to OCEARCH.

What does OCEARCH do?

OCEARCH is a nonprofit research organization studying the ocean's giants.

The group studies great white sharks and other keystone species essential for the health of the oceans.

OCEARCH was due to launch its 47th expedition on April 1 but canceled it due to delays in the repair and maintenance of its research vessel M/V OCEARCH, according to a post on X , formerly Twitter.

In past expeditions, researchers collected previously unattainable data on the animals' migrations, reproductive cycle, genetic status, diet, abundance, and more.

"If we lose the apex predator (sharks) then we lose all our fish and then there are no fish sandwiches for our grandchildren," OCEARCH founder Chris Fischer told USA TODAY Network's The  Courier-Journal . "That's oversimplified, of course, but the idea is important because many shark species are threatened by overfishing and a demand for shark fins in Asia. Their dwindling numbers jeopardize ocean habitats."

OCEARCH shark tracker: One shark 'drew' a shark portrait

OCEARCH provides an online map tracking the tagged shark's travels.

Each animal has a Smart Position and Temperature Transmitting Tag (SPOT) tag attached to its dorsal fin which emits a ping when it breaks the water's surface for a short time and transmits location information to trackers.

The most notable tracker page belongs to a 13-foot 3-inch white shark nicknamed Breton . The 1,437-pound shark's pings from September 2020 to January 2022 connect to show what appears to be the outline of a colossal shark, with the tail in Nova Scotia, the body spanning the East Coast and the head pointing at Florida's east coast.

How many sharks has OCEARCH tagged?

According to its tracker, OCEARCH has tagged 371 sharks, including 123 great white sharks.

• 123 great white sharks
• 144 tiger sharks
• 9 blacktip sharks
• 29 shortfin mako sharks
• 25 blue sharks
• 18 hammerhead sharks
• 6 silky sharks
• 6 bull sharks
• 8 whale sharks
• 3 great hammerhead sharks

The group has also tagged alligators, dolphins, seals, swordfish and turtles.

Great white sharks in Florida?

Yes. Great white  sharks  migrate south when the water gets cold and food sources become scarce up north, according to  OCEARCH chief scientist Dr. Bob Hueter .

Think of them as the snowbirds of sharks.

Most of them tend to stay away from the beaches in continental shelf waters, Hueter said.

Most shark attacks happen in Florida

There were 69 documented unprovoked  shark attacks  around the globe in 2023. The U.S. led the world with 36 attacks and Florida again was the state with the most bites at 16.

Florida shark attacks by county:

• Volusia County:  8
• Brevard County : 2
• St. Lucie County : 2
• Miami-Dade County: 1
• Palm Beach County : 1
• Escambia County : 1
• Pinellas County: 1

While the U.S. has the most attacks, South Africa has the most shark-related fatalities.

In the past 47 years, there have been  1,230 shark bites  worldwide, according to data from  floridapanhandle.com , with  great white sharks credited as the top biters . However, no white shark has been identified in a Florida shark bite from 1926 to present, according to Shark Attack File .

Support local journalism by  subscribing to a Florida news organization .

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Energy & Environmental Science

Cement clinker precursor production in an electrolyser †.

* Corresponding authors

a Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

b Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 2360 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

c Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

d Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

The manufacture of cement is the single largest industrial source of CO 2(g) emissions into the atmosphere. We report here an electrochemical flow reactor (electrolyser) that continuously converts limestone (CaCO 3(s) ) into Ca(OH) 2(s) at a high rate of product formation (486 mg h −1 at 100 mA cm −2 ). The Ca(OH) 2(s) product (slaked lime) is a chemical precursor to cement clinker, the main component of Portland cement, and other cement varieties. This three-compartment electrolyser operates with ∼100% current efficiency at a cell voltage of 2.9 V and generates pure O 2(g) , H 2(g) , and CO 2(g) streams that can be utilized downstream without purification. To demonstrate this feature, we feed the CO 2(g) released from limestone directly to a second electrolyser that valorizes CO 2(g) into higher value carbon-containing products ( e.g. , CO). A preliminary life-cycle analysis indicates that the proposed electrochemical process can decrease the amount of CO 2 emitted per tonne of cement by 75% and achieve cost-parity with incumbent cement manufacturing processes.

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Cement clinker precursor production in an electrolyser

Z. Zhang, B. A. W. Mowbray, C. T. E. Parkyn, C. Waizenegger, A. S. R. Williams, E. W. Lees, S. Ren, Y. Kim, R. P. Jansonius and C. P. Berlinguette, Energy Environ. Sci. , 2022,  15 , 5129 DOI: 10.1039/D2EE02349K

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The following are the current members of the keystone research center board of directors:.

President: Mike Maguire , AFSCME Council 13 Vice President: Joan Duvall-Flynn Secretary: Jeff Coyne , AFT-Pennsylvania Treasurer: Dan Mercer , PSEA

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Spring 2024 Exhibition: Book of Abstracts

The Undergraduate Research Exhibition, presented by the Office of Undergraduate Research , is a biannual, in-person event in which students showcase original research, scholarly projects, and creative works. Following the event, the EFSC community and the general public can view projects via this online archive.

Thirteen students took part in the Spring 2024 event on April 24, 2024. View the Exhbition's Flickr photo album .

Scroll to view all projects or use the alphabetical list of links by student researcher last name to view their project topic, abstract, poster, and/or creative work. Click on an image to display the larger version.

• Spencer Hedlund
• Briona Jones & Liam Hanney
• Grayce Meredith
• Julie McClellan
• Kyle McLaren
• Riley Renfro (First Place)
• Linamar Esposito Sarmet (Third Place)
• Ryleigh Seibel
• Cassalynn Staats & Joseph Adely
• Christine Triantafyllidis
• Barbara Zent (Second Place)

Moon-Based Radio Telescope on The Dark Side of The Moon

Student Researcher: Spencer Hedlund  Mentor: Dr. Daryl Davis 

Abstract: A Radio Telescope on the dark side of the Moon would aid in the search for other extraterrestrial life in Galaxy or Universe. This construction would take multiple launches to position all the pieces for it in the correct locations. I got the Idea from Paul Hunt from Hunt Utilities Group LLC located in Pine River, Minnesota. HUG for short has done research on reusable energy such as solar panels both for electricity, water heating, and geothermal storage of the suns heat below the ground of buildings. They also study sustainable energy efficient housing, organic gardening, hydroponics with grey water systems, and were a cold fusion proving ground trying to prove others designs for Nikole to Copper fusion. Paul proposed that we use a 1000 mile spread of the moons surface on the dark side, but I believe a large crater like the one in South America or China would also work. Just instead being built onto the moons surface to aid the current infrastructure of satellites such as James Web, Hubble, etc. This would also aid the ground radio telescopes with less interference from our Earth base satellites that hog the night sky with radio signals. Because Artemis is already going to stay on the moon currently, this could be a later supplemental mission project with autonomous systems for minimal human factor repairs or set up after the initial setup time and cost. All feed back on this subject would be great. Why would this technology benefit humanity as a hole species? What would we discover in the far reaches of space, Space bearing civilizations, or more emptiness? Could this be a multi country mission or project to split the enormous costs that would be associated with it?

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The Extent of Our Capabilities

Student Researchers: Briona Jones and Liam Hanney Mentor: Dr. Robert Caruso 

Abstract: Self-efficacy beliefs determine how people feel, think, motivate themselves, and behave (Bandura, A. 1999)1. According to Albert Bandura, an influential social cognitive psychologist, self-efficacy is defined as “The belief in one's capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.” (Bandura, A. 1994)11. The present study focused on examining the levels of self-efficacy demonstrated by first year college students separated into three specific areas, academic, social and emotional. The sample included 100 college students over the age of eighteen. The students were chosen randomly. Participants completed the Self-efficacy questionnaire through self-identification along the three aspects of self-efficacy identified by Dr. Albert Bandura: (1) social self-efficacy, which has to do with one’s perceived ability for peer relationships and assertiveness; (2) academic self-efficacy, which is concerned with the perceived capability to manage one's own learning behavior, to master academic subjects, and to fulfill academic expectations; (3) emotional self-efficacy, which pertains to the perceived capability to cope with negative emotions (Bandura, A. 1999)1. Students were asked to answer 9 questions (3 in each of the three aspects described above). Each item was scored on a five-point scale with 1 = not at all and 5 = very well. The questions were taken from the social self-efficacy questionnaire (Connoly, J. 1989)9, the academic self-efficacy questionnaire (Gafoor, K. 2003)7, and the emotional self-efficacy questionnaire (Qualter, P. 2014)6, all widely used and well-respected tools for evaluation of self-identified self-efficacy levels. The principal investigator, assisted by carefully selected undergraduate assistants, prepared a final report including evaluation of the data and recommendations for possible additional studies in the future.

The Impact of Turfgrass Variety on Absorption of Nitrate in Fertilizer Runoff

Student Researcher: Grayce Meredith  Mentor: Dr. Andri Evagorou 

Abstract: Local waterways and marine life are being exposed to the dangerous effects of nitrogen in fertilizer runoff. The purpose of this experiment was to determine a native turfgrass species that will maximize nitrate uptake through phytoremediation without compromising the long-term health and function of the plant. The hypothesis for this experiment was that Floratam will yield lower nitrate values compared to Palmetto and Seville turfgrass. The Floratam grass would also display a greater protein content and increased diversity of types, indicating positive conditions for the plant and a lack of structural compromise as a result of additional nitrate absorption from initiation of the experiment to completion. The grass was tested in a closed hydroponic system with fertilizer runoff. Bi-daily nitrate and pH measurements were taken, and grass samples were collected before and after experimentation to be run in a Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Seville yielded the lowest mean nitrate value and a statistical significance, as well as increased pH spikes in comparison to the other test groups. Similar results were observed from the Palmetto experimental group, but the data better supported the positive effects of Seville rather than Palmetto. Floratam, contrasting expected results, yielded the highest nitrate values of the three turfgrass types. However, Floratam did show an increase in protein content and proteins that differed from pre-experimentation during gel electrophoresis, but a definitive conclusion was unable to be drawn due to the breakdown of the proteins of the other two grass types. The information collected from this study should be used to provide consumers and law makers with a cost-effective and sustainable way to improve nitrogen quantities in water bodies, such as the Indian River Lagoon.

Does Salinity Affect the Quantity of Nematodes in a Coastal Aquatic Environment?

Student Researcher: Julie McClellan Mentors: Dr. Ashley Spring and Dr. Eyualem Abebe

Abstract: Nematodes, commonly known as roundworms, are microscopic nonsegmented worms able to adapt to a wide variety of environment conditions, allowing them to naturally exist in almost every environment. Their abundance, functional diversity, and adaptability make them naturally suitable as bioindicators of water quality and the effects of changes in their environments. Current taxonomy regarding nematodes indicates that the largest populations reside in saltwater environments, possibly due to the additional limitations on studying freshwater populations. Higher salinity aquatic environments (marine) will have a significantly higher quantity of nematodes than lower salinity aquatic environments (estuary).

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Generated Artwork and Generative Filling Technologies

Student Researcher: Kyle McLaren  Mentor: Anthony Akers 

Abstract: In the art world, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the way art is produced. AI-generated art has become widespread and Generative Filling technologies have made it possible to combine AI art and real photographs. Both technologies are challenging conventional ideas of creativity and authorship while creating their own legal and ethical concerns. This study examines what AI art generators and Generative Filling are and how they function. Using OpenArt AI, Neural.Love AI, and Adobe Firefly help to show how well they perform in creating or altering images. Finally, through an analysis of court cases, ethical issues, and potential solutions to unclear authorship and ownership claims, this research aims to spread knowledge about AI in the art and photography fields and change its societal significance.

Comparative Ethogram Study of Gopher Tortoise in Density Specific Areas of Wickham Park

Student Researcher: Riley Renfro Mentor: Penny McDonald 

Abstract: Gopher Tortoises ( Gopherus polyphemus ) are a species of threated chelonian native to Florida and are keystone species. An ethogram, which is a survey that records behaviors, was conducted in Wickham Park to observe possible behavioral differences between an extremely high-density area by the Amphitheater, and a normal density area called the Control Area. One unique behavior specific to the Amphitheater tortoises was them sitting facing their burrow instead of facing out. Also, the Amphitheater tortoises had much more physical interactions and reproductive behaviors happening (even when accounting for the larger population size), which could be key to understanding their immune systems and how to help the next generation of juvenile gopher tortoises survive. Also, the peak activity hours, and correlations between temperature and humidity found can be applied to future field work to know when the tortoises are active to be able to collect data. 

The Nematodes As Bioindicators of Environmental Disturbance

Student Researcher: Linamar Esposito Sarmet  Mentor: Dr. Ashley Spring and Dr. Eyualem Abebe

Abstract: Beach renourishment is a continuous man-made project to control shoreline erosion against the negative impacts of storms and the rise in sea level on the coastal area of Florida. Reversely, beach renourishment practices can affect micro and macro biomes. The Nematodes are nitrogen recyclers micro worms considered as active players in the food chain and whose presence can cause a considerable impact on the environment. The alternative hypothesis of this research is to reveal that there will be lower nematode densities and species diversity in the renourished sites (disturbed) of Seagull Park Beach as opposed to the undisturbed site of Hangar Beach. The material used in this study were six similar quantities of sand samples collected on the disturbed and the undisturbed sites of both beaches and the classic methods for researching nematodes were applied. This study revealed that the undisturbed site is ecologically better and environmentally richer than the disturbed site, since the taxa and the density of nematodes collected at undisturbed sites were significantly higher than the results obtained at disturbed sites.

Student Researcher: Ryleigh Seibel  Mentor: Dr. Andrew Dutra 

Abstract: This study aims to investigate the effects of a two-month mobility training program on the throwing abilities of 12-14-year-old baseball catchers. The program, conducted daily in Group A, targets the enhancement of throwing velocity, with potential implications for injury prevention and performance optimization. By examining the impact of structured mobility training on this specific age group, the study seeks to contribute to our understanding of effective training strategies for young athletes in baseball. Through rigorous assessment and analysis, the findings of this research endeavor are expected to inform coaching practices and promote the development of tailored training programs for youth catchers, ultimately enhancing their athletic performance and reducing the risk of injuries.

Can We Cure Ice Cream Pains?

Student Researchers: Cassalynn Staats and Joseph Adely Mentor: Dr. Jim Yount

Abstract: Lactose intolerance, the inability to digest lactose due to lactase enzyme deficiency, affects a significant portion of the global population. While short-term treatments are available, the long-term impact of lactose intolerance and its treatment strategies on mouse small intestine epithelial cells remains underexplored. This study aims to provide insights into the efficacy of the treatment method through the quantitative analysis of the production of lactase enzymes before and after treatment. This study will be using media collected from mouse cell culture to perform a quantitative analysis of lactase enzyme activity before and after treatment. This study treats 3 cultures with a novel gene therapy using the Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) as the vector. This gene therapy has been reported to increase lactase production to lactose-tolerant levels for at least a month. Three days after treatment, the culture media will be observed daily for one week to quantify the lactase enzyme activity through an enzymatic assay. We anticipate a sudden increase in lactase production after initial treatment. After this pilot study, we intend to follow up with a long-term study on the effects of the lactase treatment on the mouse cells and the rate at which the cells return to baseline.

Combatting Periodontal Disease: Benefits and Drawbacks of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy (NPST)

Student Researcher: Christine Triantafyllidis  Mentor: Dr. Jennifer McCann  

Soft Robotic Prosthesis: Sensory Development

Student Researcher: Barbara Zent  Mentor: Bruce Hesher 

Abstract: The mission is to enhance the functionality of prosthetic devices by exploring the possibilities of integrating natural sensory systems with soft robotics. Our research is centered around gaining a deeper understanding of how sensory information is processed in these systems, to improve it. The research’s focus is on establishing a more robust connection between programmable sensors and tactile senses, enabling prosthetic devices to detect potential danger in their surroundings and alert the user. Our goal is to elevate sensory perception and provide greater protection in challenging environments. We strive to make prosthetic devices more efficient and offer people a richer and more nuanced experience of the world.

There are two primary methods for controlling prosthetic devices based on input from the patient. The first involves connecting the device directly to the patient's nervous system to utilize neural signals for control. The second method involves detecting changes in forearm muscle shape and tension as an indication of intended movement. Advanced software processes this input, whether from neural signals or muscle activity patterns, to translate it into precise movements of the prosthetic fingers. The objective is to develop this software to a level where the prosthetic can perform a variety of tasks, from simple grasping to complex fine motor functions such as typing or handling delicate objects. This will allow the prosthetic to closely emulate the dexterity and responsiveness of a natural limb, making it intuitive for the user to operate the device.

Visit the Undergraduate Research Exhibition main page for information about the next event.

Identification of the Educational Clusters in the Regional Economy: Theory, Methodology and Research...

Kovaleva T.Yu., Baleevskih V.G.

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Identification of the Educational Clusters in the Regional Economy: Theory, Methodology and Research Results (in Example of Perm Krai)

1 Department of Worldand Regional Economics, Economic Theory, Perm State University, Perm, Russia

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1. Introduction

2. theoretical background, 3. methodology, 4. research results, 5. conclusion.

Article provides an algorithm and defined criteria for the identification of educational clusters in the regional economy, adapted to the Russian reality. Identification of the leading industries as promising regional educational clusters in the economy of Perm Krai conducted on the basis of quantitative Shift-Share analysis and the calculation of the localization coefficient. Statistical base of the research were materials of the central statistical database of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation for 2007-2012 years by employment indicators. Qualitative diagnosis of educational clusters allowed to establish the shape and direction of development of strategic partnership in the educational system in the region, to identify the factors of competition. As a result, by applying a set of quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis of cluster, authors found that in the economy of Perm Krai has four potential educational clusters to be formed, the development of which should be a priority of educational policy in the region.

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Keywords: educational cluster, Shift-Share analysis, localization, expert interviews, regional economy, cluster policy

International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management , 2014 2 (4), pp 153-162. DOI: 10.12691/ijefm-2-4-7

Received July 27, 2014; Revised August 12, 2014; Accepted August 25, 2014

Cite this article:

• Chicago Style
• T.Yu., Kovaleva, and Baleevskih V.G.. "Identification of the Educational Clusters in the Regional Economy: Theory, Methodology and Research Results (in Example of Perm Krai)." International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management 2.4 (2014): 153-162.
• T.Yu., K. , & V.G., B. (2014). Identification of the Educational Clusters in the Regional Economy: Theory, Methodology and Research Results (in Example of Perm Krai). International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management , 2 (4), 153-162.
• T.Yu., Kovaleva, and Baleevskih V.G.. "Identification of the Educational Clusters in the Regional Economy: Theory, Methodology and Research Results (in Example of Perm Krai)." International Journal of Econometrics and Financial Management 2, no. 4 (2014): 153-162.

In modern conditions, socio-economic space in many Russian regions increasingly acquires the cluster features. In most regions, the cluster approach is declared as one of the basic conditions for effective public policies, and clusters play the role of tools for increasing the competitiveness of regional economies, ensuring the formation of centers of attraction of investment and innovative activity.

Effective cluster structures can be a tool to address urgent social and economic problems [ Social'no orientirovannyj klaster kak faktor ustojchivogo razvitija regiona [The social focused cluster as a factor of a sustainable development of the region]. Avtoreferat dissertacii na soiskanie uchenoj stepeni kandidata jekonomicheskih nauk [The thesis abstract of a scientific degree of Doctor of Economics]. Perm State National Research University, 2011. 29 p.">10 , Ispol'zovanie klasternogo podhoda v modernizacii jekonomicheskogo prostranstva Rossiskoj Federacii [Cluster approach to the modernization of economic space in Russian Federation]. Ekaterinburg. Institute of Economics, Ural branch RAS, 2013. 559 p.">15 ] . For example, today is particularly acute decline in the quality of educational services; there is a reduction in the proportion of people with higher and specialized secondary education, particularly in rural areas, compounded by disparities in the structure of demand for education. The pre-school education in many Russian regions in a deep crisis. In this regard, the important issue is the formation of educational clusters, the operation of which will be aimed at the intensive solution of these problems in order to ensure sustainable socio-economic development of the territories.

The founder of the cluster theory is fairly considered Michael Porter, a professor at Harvard Business School. M. Porter defines a cluster as ‘a geographically concentrated groups of interconnected companies, specialized suppliers, service providers, firms in related industries, as well as associated with their activities organizations (e.g., universities, agencies, standardization, trade associations) in certain areas, competing but at the same time working together’ [ 13 ] .

Cluster boundaries may vary. This is due to the fact that there are new businesses and industries emerge, the existing industries are narrowing as well as there are various kinds of new organizations. Clusters operate without creating any new actors. Under these conditions, a huge role in the successful operation of the cluster becomes arranges relationship between the parties and informal communication, trust between the cluster members. Due to the lack of red tape in a cluster this form of organization is more flexible and agile than other forms of business [ 5 ] . The flexibility and mobility of this structure can be regarded as a significant advantage in terms of the modern economy.

According to S. Rosenfeld, a cluster is a concentration of firms able to achieve synergies in view of their close geographic location and interdependence, even though the scale of presence in the area is not enough [ 14 ] . T. Roelandt and P. den Hertag write that ‘clusters can be described as a network of actively interacting companies (including specialized suppliers), interconnected by relationships within the value chain’ [ 7 ] . According to the approach of B. Elsner, a cluster is a group of firms that are functionally related to the market both vertically and horizontally [ 4 ] . These definitions indicate the features of clusters: geographic location, industry specialization, a combination of institutions of competition and cooperation of organizations in the cluster.

The basic typology of clusters in the economy can be regarded as: production (industrial) clusters and clusters of services. Cluster of service sector is ‘a group of independent companies that are in geographical proximity within the region who compete, cooperate and interact with each other, providing both local consumers and consumers from other regions, a range of services to meet their needs in a particular area’ [ [ 11 ] , p. 36]. The main feature of the cluster in service sector compared to industrial cluster is that its member companies, within a single value chain, at the same time realize the ultimate service completely independently. This feature determines the specificity of the services value chain in this type of cluster, where each link of the chain is a separate service, but may be supplemented by another service, resulting in the consumer receiving more than one service, and a range of services in one area.

Recently, the educational clusters became especially highlighted among the clusters of service sector, the development of which is capable of providing innovative reproduction of human capital of the country and regions, the relationship of the educational system and the modern labor market, the creation of preconditions for structural modernization of the educational sector.

The foreign and domestic economic literature show no consensus on the interpretation of the educational cluster. According to the representation R. Culatta, educational cluster should be innovative and represent a group of related educational, research and business organizations, aimed at the production and implementation of innovations, and their promotion on the local and global markets [ 3 ] . The model of educational innovation cluster of R. Culatta includes three key players: educational institutions, scientific research organizations and businesses. Educational institutions provide the formation of intellectual retrieval environment in which the favorable conditions for the development of new ideas, technology and products by teachers and students, as well as innovation in the learning process are created. It is separately emphasized that educational partners have a real opportunity to test the promising developments in pilot innovative projects. Research organizations, in cooperation with business partners and educational institutions carry out basic and applied research, conduct an examination of the scientific and technical projects developed in the cluster, and develop effective learning technologies to improve the effectiveness of research activities in the educational system. Commercial partners are there to commercialize innovations, conduct applied research for educational institutions. They can also fund a research project to invest in innovative enterprises established in the cluster.

R. Tieman believes that the educational cluster is a system of inter-related universities, specialized schools and research organizations, which allows cluster members to combine their efforts and resources to promote educational services in the global market [ 16 ] .

In contrast to the approach of foreign researchers, Russian authors consider educational clusters as structures oriented at improving the effectiveness of training and development of human capital, on the convergence of the educational process with innovative and entrepreneurial activities. For example, N.A. Korchagina understands educational cluster as only ‘a group of educational institutions, which are localized in the same area, forming the final product as an educational service, competing and cooperating with each other and with suppliers around the necessary factors of production, equipment, specialized services, infrastructure, research institutes, with this reinforcing the competitive advantages of each other’ [ 8 ] . M.V. Zhuravleva defines educational cluster as a set of interrelated institutions of professional education, combined according to different sectors and related partnerships with companies in the sector [ 18 ] . According to V.M. Yuryev and M.S. Chvanova, innovative educational cluster is an association of institutions of higher education and enterprises a particular industry for training and conducting a practice oriented research for the industry [ 17 ] .

These interpretations indicate the formation of clusters in modern economics of an integrated approach to the study of clusters as tools for territorial development, which are not only universal, but holding the integrating nature, is to solve the complex problems of improving the competitiveness of the economy, modernizing the educational system, the transition to an innovative model of development.

In modern scientific literature, special attention is paid to the study of natural clusters as particular forms of inter-organizational interaction of economic agents, penetrating the various levels of the economic hierarchy. However, the problem of identifying promising cluster formations remains open to discussions of academic economists. In this regard, the urgency and relevance of forming a complex algorithm of cluster analysis is defined by the increasing role of clusters in promoting regional economic space.

Since the formation of the cluster mechanisms of economic development is related to a number of factors, which are often quite difficult to formalize, a priority in most countries are in qualitative methods of evaluation of clusters that are supported by quantitative analysis. However, the current statistical base, both Russian and foreign, allows to create and implement a system of quantitative methods of cluster analysis, providing identification of important empirical regularities of formation and functioning of clusters in the economy, which cannot be diagnosed using qualitative approaches, as widespread [ 9 ] .

The experience of studying clusters shows that the original cluster analysis algorithm is based on a synthesis of the two most frequently used techniques of evaluations with quantitative basis: identification of clusters by estimating the degree of localization (i.e. localization coefficient) and evaluation of the regional contribution of the sector to the economy (i.e. Shift-Share Analysis).

The estimate of the localization coefficient, allowing to compare regional and national economic characteristics (variables), such as employment, gross value added, investment, etc., and to identify the specialization area, is done according to the formula:

with l i – employment in the i sector in the region; L i – employment in the i sector in the country; l and L – total employment in the region and country respectively.

Interpretation of the calculated values is given in the article for the employment figures.

If the value of LQ greater than 1, then the concentration of the industry in the region is higher than in the country as a whole, hence the industry might have cluster features. According to the approach of M. Porter, which is shared by the authors of this article, LQ , exceeding 0.8 also demonstrates the high potential of the industry cluster.

Method of assessing structural shifts (Shift-Share Analysis) enables to identify the leading industry, the causes and trends of the cluster structure of the spatial economy. This is done by evaluation of the contribution of the national, sectoral and regional factors in the change in the value of the analyzed variable (e.g. employment, labor productivity, gross value added, etc.) [ 1 ] .

Assessing the impact of the national factor (NS), for example, the growth of national employment, on the key indicators of regional economic development is done according to the formula:

with l i t-1 – employment in the i sector in the region in the period (t-1) ; L t-1 and L t – total employment in the country during the periods (t-1) and t respectively.

Industry factor ( IM ) is estimated by determining the contribution of national growth rates of the analyzed variable in industry to change industry benchmarks in the region:

with L i t-1 and L i t – number of people employed in the i sector in the country during the period (t-1) and t .

Industry factor that secures national industry trends impact on the dynamics of the industry in the region reflects the quality of the industry structure of the regional economy in the analyzed variable, as IM can take both positive and negative values.

Regional factor (RS), as a key indicator of the quantitative identification of clusters, allows setting the leading and lagging sectors in the economy of the region by the criteria of the relative competitiveness: a comparison of growth rates of variable to be analyzed for the industry in the country and the region. It is calculated by the formula:

The industry characterized by high values of the index RS has considerable cluster potential. Industries with consistently negative values of the regional factor are outsiders of the economy.

Finding the general growth of the variable with the influence of national, sectoral and regional factors is performed as follows:

In order to isolate the leading economic activities that are able to create the core of the cluster, it is advisable to use the approach to classification of regional industry leaders on the ratio of the RS and IM ( Table 1 ).

Table 1. Typology of industries by the ratio of the RS and IM

The first and second types of industries are among the regional leaders. It is obvious that the sector of the first type has the greatest potential for clusters’ formation; industries of the second type are also able to form the core of the cluster. Industries of the third type, to a lesser extent have the ability to form the nucleus of the cluster, as regional conditions of growth do not contribute as much as hinder their development. However, it is possible that the implementation of an enabling economic policies will ensure their transformation into the first or second type of industry leaders.

It should be emphasized that Russia’s statistical base, formed according to the industries or by types of economic activity, allows to fully use the identification of clusters by the methods of evaluating LQ and Shift-Share analysis, widely used abroad. Application of such quantitative methods as ‘input-output’ tables is impossible in Russia to date because national and regional statistical offices for a long time do not constitute cross-sectoral balances.

For the analysis of quantitative research results, it is advisable to take the following criteria for classifying industries (i.e. forms of economic activities) to the number of the key components of the clusters shown in Table 2 .

Table 2. Criteria for classifying types of activities among the key components of clusters

The results of quantitative methods to identify clusters should be supplemented by qualitative assessments, particularly among which are expert surveys. The method of expert estimates is universal, applicable for various purposes, and can be used to identify regional economic clusters. In this case, the conclusions obtained on the basis of intuitive features are based on knowledge and experience of experts. Figure 1 summarizes the algorithm for identifying regional clusters, which has been developed and tested to identify educational clusters in the economy of the Perm Krai.

Table 3. The localization coefficient in terms of average number of employees for the ‘Education’ type of economic activity in the Perm Krai

According to the presented algorithm in Figure 1, the identification of educational clusters starts with quantitative methods. To estimate the LQ and structural changes the statistical data on the employment of the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation in 2007-2012 was used. Table 3 shows the results of calculations of the localization coefficient for the type of economic activity ‘Education’ and its subtypes (subclasses) in terms of average number of employees (excluding external and part-time employment).

Value of LQ indicates the high potential of the cluster of education in Perm Krai. Leaders in this indicator are pre-school, primary and secondary professional education. The average value of LQ greater than 0.9 have schools, additional education for children and education for adults. Only the sphere of higher education is characterized by the LQ less than 0.8.

Using the method of structural changes, we estimate the impact of national, sectoral and regional contribution to the change in the average number of employees for each subtype of ‘Education’ activities in the Perm Krai (see Table 4 ).

According to Table 4 , it can be concluded that negative structural trends during the period have amplified in the field of education in the region, which has reduced the cluster potential of the industry. In particular, in 2012, employment in the areas of pre-school and school education, additional education for children, primary and secondary professional education and adult education has decreased mainly due to the impact of the regional component (RS). Minimal negative impact of structural changes seen in the field of higher education of the Perm Krai: the regional factor takes positive values in 2008-2010. However, in 2011 and 2012 RS is negative, which can be associated with both the effects of the economic crisis and with the ongoing reforms in the Russian sphere of education.

Table 5 provides a typology of subtypes of ‘Education’ activities by the ratio of regional and industrial components for the economy of the Perm Krai.

As evident from the matrix of RS and IM, no sphere of education of the Perm Krai can be regarded as a regional leader. In particular, for the 2007-2012 period the matrix of ‘industry type’ identified negative trends in the sectors of higher and professional education, pre-school education and adult education. The results indicate the need to improve regional conditions for the development of education in the Perm Krai, and provides a reasonable basis for the development and implementation of the state cluster policy.

It should be emphasized that the cluster projects initiated by the regional authorities should be considered as indicators of cluster development in the respective territory. The practical value of such initiatives is that regional authorities, interested in the development of clusters, provide a framework for cooperation and long-term cooperation of economic actors – educational institutions, businesses, research organizations, financial institutions and others.

Table 4. The influence of the national contribution (NS), the contribution of the industry (IM) and the regional input (RS) on the change in the average number of employees (excluding external and part-time employment) in ‘Education’ in the Perm Krai

Table 5. changes in the type of industries to the ratio of the rs, and im for subtypes of 'education' activities in the economy of the perm krai in 2007-2012.

As for the Perm Krai, today the region has received considerable attention in the formation of the cluster projects. For example, regional authorities, together with the Perm Chamber of Commerce (hereinafter - PCC) use cluster tools to support the development of secondary and higher professional education: in the Perm Krai since May 2013 is accepted a Regulation on professional education cluster [ 12 ] . Currently, in the Perm Krai, with the support of regional authorities and PCC created an agro-educational cluster, the work is ongoing to form a professional education cluster in the engineering industry. The authors also see the prospect of creating a regional construction and petrochemical professional education clusters. Generalization of the research results of quantitative methods to identify educational clusters is shown in Table 6 , which is based on the criteria presented in Table 2 .

Table 6. Summary results of a quantitative identification of clusters in terms of employment in the Perm Krai for the period 2007-2012

It should be noted that none of the subtypes of ‘Education’ activity meets all three criteria simultaneously. However, given the fact that the educational clusters of Perm Krai is in its infancy and the regional authorities are interested in their development, a number of key components of the cluster include activities that meet the requirements of at least one of the criteria. Thus, the generalization of the findings based on the application of quantitative methods in combination, suggests the formation of four educational clusters in the Perm Krai: 1) a cluster of pre-school education; 2) a cluster of schools; 3) a cluster of additional education of children; 4) a cluster of professional education and training.

To determine the cluster potential of the regional economy and to identify the nature and closeness of interaction between participants in the cluster, we performed a survey of experts, which was attended by over 30 experts. Figure 2 shows the distribution of experts by occupational activities.

The experts were asked to assess the key factors in the development of education in the Perm Krai on a scale of 0 to 4, where 0 - insignificant factor, and 4 - a highly significant factor. The results of expert evaluations are presented in Figure 3.

As seen in Figure 3, all factors are important above average. However, the factor of the ‘development of a competitive environment in the field of education’ has the lowest weight, according to experts.

Figure 4 shows the expert evaluation of the level of development of the main areas of education in Perm Krai. According to the survey, the highest averages have school and higher professional education.

The following two questions were directed to the study of competition in the field of education in the region as one of the key factors in the development of cluster structures.

First, the experts were asked to assess the intensity of competition in the field of education (a score of 0 was put in case of no competition, while a score of 4 indicates intense competition). Then, the experts were asked to rate the factors that make up the competitiveness of educational services (0 - lack of contribution to competitiveness, 4 - high contribution to competitiveness). Processed results of expert opinion demonstrated in Figure 5 and Figure 6.

As can be seen from Figure 5, the highest intensity of competition develops in the field of higher education (the deviation from the mean value of 30.5%). The lowest intensity of competition, according to experts, has developed in the field of professional education (deviation from the average - 3%).

Figure 6 illustrates the experts’ opinion that the competitiveness of the educational services of all four levels of education have the greatest impact by two factors: the quality of services and highly qualified personnel (these factors have the highest average value).

Evaluation of the relevance and completeness of cooperation between educational institutions, the horizontal and vertical forms of cooperation between the subjects of clusters are shown in Figure 7. Evaluation scale remains the same: 0 - lack of relevance and cooperation, 4 - very high level of importance and cooperation.

Figure 7 shows that the assessment of the importance of all levels of interaction is significantly higher than the estimate of completeness, highlighting the need for the development and implementation of cluster policy in the region, aimed at the development of forms and mechanisms of cooperation, without which the successful functioning of educational clusters is impossible.

Further analyzed the forms of cooperation among the potential participants of educational clusters. Figure 8 shows the expert evaluation of the relevance and completeness of cooperation in the context of its basic forms between professional educational institutions of the same level.

Figure 8 shows that all forms of interactions between single-level educational institutions are weak. With the high importance of such forms as co-financing educational projects and activities, joint lobbying in government, the organization of joint training courses for teachers, they are currently the least developed.

Figure 9 shows the expert evaluation of the relevance and completeness of cooperation in the context of the main forms of cooperation between educational institutions of different levels, present in Perm Krai.

The Figure 9 suggests that, according to experts, regarding the cluster development a considerable attention should be given to joint research projects, especially between ‘school-college’ and ‘university-colleges’, and professional development of teachers and teachers of educational institutions. Based on the results of qualitative research in the future it is advisable to determine the strategic imperatives of regional policy on the formation of educational clusters in the Perm Krai.

The application of quantitative methods of identification revealed four potential educational clusters in the economy of Perm Krai: educational cluster of pre-school education, educational cluster of schools, educational cluster of supplementary education for children and educational cluster of professional education and training.

Using the method of expert estimations (i.e. the Delphi method), has allowed to establish forms of interaction between the participants of educational clusters, as well as identify areas of cooperation between them. Assessment of the importance of all levels of interaction between educational institutions, according to experts, is significantly higher than the fullness of interaction. It is worth noting a rather high general level of development of the educational system in the Perm Krai.

Synthesis of the results of quantitative and qualitative methods of detection and diagnosis of educational clusters suggests the need for a comprehensive policy for cluster development in Perm Krai. Today, the regional authorities of the Perm Krai have initiated a project to create a cluster of agro-educational and professional education cluster in the engineering industry, which indicates the importance of the cluster structures in the development of the educational system in the region. Given the industrial structure of the economy of the Perm Krai, the positive effect can bring the formation of the construction and petrochemical educational clusters.

Establishment and operation of educational clusters enhances the competitiveness of the educational system in the region by strengthening the integration between education, research, innovation organizations, enterprises, institutions of public education governance, financial, consulting, and other structures.

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