research proposal in gujarati

This is to alert all the Authors that a fake website http://www.thegujaratresearchsociety.com , imposing as The Journal of Gujarat Research Society website, have come to our notice. The maximum papers of this website is linked to the papers of http://www.gujaratresearchsociety.in/ . All the stakeholders are advised to be careful and avoid falling prey to these potentially predatory websites. We are not publishing anywhere else. We are already in the process of taking legal action against such publishers and journals.

Founded in 1939, the Journal of the Gujarat Research Society was the mouthpiece of the Gujarat Research Society. The key objects of the Society were: ‘to promote, organize and co-ordinate research in all branches of knowledge with reference to Gujarat’; ‘to collect and publish accurate information on all subjects relating to Gujarat, Kathiawar and Cutch’; and ‘to publish the results of research and to popularize modern knowledge in English and Gujarati languages through journals, periodicals, books, lectures, photographs, films, etc’. The Journal of the Gujarat Research Society was as an interdisciplinary bilingual journal in the social sciences. Published quarterly in the months of January, April, July and October, the journal was run by an advisory board comprising scholars and eminent personalities such as V.P. Vaidya, P.G. Shah, Jivraj N. Mehta, Ramnarayen Pathak, G.V. Acharya, R.C. Shah, M.S. Commissariat, A.S. Kalapesi, and S.U. Shukla. Jointly edited by C.N. Vakil and J.H. Trivedi, the journal published articles, notes and book reviews. The articles covered aspects of history, archeology, culture, society, religion, philosophy, law, art, and economy. The journal claimed to have adopted ‘a scientific and cultural approach in the discussion of all problems’. The articles were published in English or Gujarati. Published articles included H.D. Sankalia’s ‘In Search of Early Man along the Sabarmati’; P.C. Divanji’s ‘Pre-historic Aryan Settlements on the Soils of Gujarat’; R.G. Gyani’s ‘Archaeological Work in Gujarat’; A.S. Kalapesi’s ‘Stone Implements of the Palaeolithic Age from Kandivli, Bombay’; B. Bhattacharya’s ‘Wealth of Gujarat in Manuscripts’; M.G. Dikshit’s ‘History of Buddhism in Gujarat’; K.V. Rangaswami Aiyangar’s ‘Hindu Law in Gujarat’; P.G. Shah’s ‘Literacy in Gujarat’; K.B. Dave’s ‘Ancient Temples of Gujarat’; and P.M. Trivedi’s ‘Bibliography on Brahmanical Religions and Philosophy in Gujarat’.

Current Issue

• A REVIEW ON DENGUE AND ITS INHIBITORS Anish Prabhakar 425 - 430

Paper Template Copyright Form

• For Readers
• For Authors
• For Librarians

© Copyright by Journal of the Gujarat Research Society All Rights Reserved

• For Faculty
• For Student

INTERNATIONAL ADMISSIONS

• Why Gujarat University
• Programme Fee
• Accommodation Fee
• How to apply
• Admission Rules

STUDENT INFORMATION

• Pre-Arrival Information
• Post-Arrival Information
• SOP for India Student Visa
• Student Counselling

STUDY ABROAD

• From the desk of Director
• International Tie-ups
• Study Abroad Office

Admission Through

• International Students
• Student in India

• Online Services
• Research and Inovation

Research & Innovation Policy Gujarat University

This policy establishes the ecosystem for research and innovation within schools, departments, affiliated colleges; teachers, research scholars and students to carry out their research.

Research includes work of direct relevance to the specific needs of communities, government, industry and commerce. In some disciplines, Research may be embodied in the form of artistic works, performances or designs that lead to new or substantially improved insights. Research may include : contributions to the intellectual underpinning of subjects and disciplines the use of existing knowledge in experimental development to produce new or substantially improved, materials, devices, products, communications or process the synthesis and analysis of previous Research to the extent that it is new and creative Contribute to the Research environment and culture of Gujarat University through activities such as mentoring, engagement in new Research initiatives and strengthening the Research infrastructure: and

• Participate in initiatives designed to secure financial support for Research activities from external sources (including for example, government funding, industry academia partnership and contracts, philanthropic gifts, Research translation and commercialisation opportunities).
• The requirement to undertake Research is a career expectation and will be balance with the other obligations of academic staff including teaching and administrative responsibilities.
• Nothing in this policy is to be construe so as to prevent Heads of School from allocating teaching and other responsibilities in the light of the Research record of academic staff.
• Statutory and Ethics obligations (a) Academic staff and students are required to carry out their Research in compliance with all the University’s obligations under legislation and any ethical and contractual obligations
• Research project that involve human or animal subjects, including those undertaken as part of a teaching programme, must be approved in advance (Human Ethics Policy and the Animal Ethics Policy laid by Central Government of India must be followed).
• All Academic staff, Students and visitors of the University are required to make them aware and follow the contents of the University from the University’s website.

R esources in Support of Research (a) University Research Fund (URF)

• The general principle governing the allocation of all Research funding in the University is that it is an investment intended to maximise the range of outcomes that the University expects to result from staff and students Research. The Allocations and Investment Subcommittee of the URF allocates grants from this fund.
• All applications for any external Research funding are to be submitted through the IQAC-GU
• University research fund will also be available to schools and departments for organizing seminar & conference for which proposals must be submitted to IQCA for the approval.
• Director of School should ensure that newly appointed staff are familiar with Research evaluations, Research training and funding opportunities and the importance of publishing in suitable venues, both within the university and external.
• Director of schools should ensure that newly admitted students are familiar with GUSEC (Gujarat University Start-up and Entrepreneurship Council, The Gujarat University Park for Industrial Extension and Research (PIER) and should also ensure about the privileges are given to them related to IPR and Research.
• Academic staff is expected to comply with the management of External Research, Consultancy and Related Contract Policy in the costing and pricing of external research a consultancy. They may also do research or consultancy under the Entitlement to Undertake Private Work Policy and are required to report such activity to IQAC.
• Academic Staff are eligible to apply for leave in support of their Research including research and study Leave, Overseas Conference Leave, Conference Leave and Exchange Leave. Faculty committees recommend the award of such academic leave to IQAC for approval.
• A range of scholarships are available centrally to students who are doing Ph.D. from the University.
• Research Planning Each Faculty, and its constituent academic units, is required to develop and implement its own Research plan that is consistent with and delivers to the University Research Strategy and the University Strategic Plan.
• The University established Research Park to raise the Research profile of the University focus strengths in areas where there is a concentration of Research excellence and to maximise external Research funding. Research centres help position the University’s areas of Research excellence and build the University’s Research reputation.
• Research agenda of the schools and departments should be Consistent with the strategic plan of the University.
• Similarly, to Research Centres and institutes, a suite of multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary & transdisciplinary themes defines the academic emphasis of the University. They promote an outlook that beyond disciplinary, school, faculty and other traditional boundaries, and frame and develop Gujarat University’s distinctive teaching, Research and public engagement endeavours.

Research Recognition Council (RRC)

To cater the contemporary and recent advances in research and development, a committee was formulated by Hon. Vice Chancellor, Gujarat University to review the rules, Regulations and Ordinances for prevailing M.Phil. and Ph.D. programme in the Gujarat University, After deliberate discussion and consultation with the stake holders, the committee proposes Research Recognition Council (RRC) (instead of BUTR- Board of University for Teaching and Research was functioning earlier for both Teaching and research purpose, However to meet the current demand and expectation the council is separated from BUTR ) to address and recognize regular as well as multi-disciplinary / inter- disciplinary research capacity and content for all the faculties at Gujarat University. This council shall comprise of Deans of faculty, senior faculty members, external experts and permanent invitees. The Vice Chancellor, Gujarat University shall be the chairperson of the said council. The committee proposes followings as members for Research Recognition Council (RRC), Gujarat University, Ahmedabad

1. Deans of all the faculty at Gujarat University

2. Senior Faculties

The said RRC shall work as per requirement of the inter/multi-disciplinary research. There shall be a committee of five members from the above council members

• Dean of the faculty
• Two members from concern senior faculty,
• One concern external expert.
• Hon. Vice-Chancellor as Chairperson of the committee) related to the subject / discipline to address such applications. At least three members including one external expert shall constitute the quorum. The appointment of the committee shall be done by Hon. Vice Chancellor, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad.

Plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty Policy

P lagiarism/academic dishonesty policy of gujarat university, ahmedabad.

This ordinance shall become supplementary ordinances and are to be incorporated as M.Phil. / Ph.D. ordinance which come in to force from the year 2009 for the plagiarism and Academic dishonesty policy of the Gujarat University. This ordinance shall become the integral part of the already published ordinance / regulations for M.Phil. / Ph.D. by Gujarat University after adoption of UGC regulations for M.Phil. / Ph.D. in the year 2009 and shall come in to force the date of resolution passed by the Academic Council and Executive Council of Gujarat University, Ahmedabad i. e. 17.06.2015.

O = Ordinance

O. M.Phil. - 18 and O. Ph.D. - 31

Morality, honesty and ethical practices are three extremely pillars for any university system involved in academic activities like teaching, learning and research. The “academicians and associates” involved in the university system called as university community i.e. students / teachers / researchers / scholars / associates / collaborators / managers / etc or any staff members working in the Gujarat University, Ahmedabad who knowingly use, publish, present or perform other’s work as their own will be considered as Plagiarism/Academic Dishonesty. It will defiantly disturb the healthy academic atmosphere and harm the research temperament in the university as well as the individuals involved. It is therefore important for Gujarat University to have in place a policy on plagiarism/Academic Dishonesty to avoid such acts and to maintain the academic credibility.

O. M.Phil. - 18.1 and O. Ph.D. - 31.1

Definition / Meaning: Plagiarism is defined as presenting / producing other’s intellectual work as one’s own work. This presentation / reproduction includes coping of ideas, processes, words, phrases, clauses, sentences, paragraphs, longer extracts, infringement of copyright, piracy, theft, stealing, poaching, appropriation, informal cribbing from published or unpublished work including from the internet or e-resources that exceeds the boundaries of the legitimate cooperation / permission without acknowledgement of the reference source. Plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty is defined as Intentional Plagiarism / Dishonest Plagiarism and Non-intentional Plagiarism / Negligent Plagiarism.

O. M.Phil. - 18.2 and O. Ph.D. - 31.2

Negligent / Non-intentional Plagiarism: Without appropriate acknowledgment of the reference source, if somebody innocently or carelessly presents other’s work as his / her own work is called negligent plagiarism. This show inadequate knowledge and lack of competency in a particular subject. These careless and negligent efforts results into non-compliance of standard clarification / verification procedures established by the university, where the degree / level of copying is not substantial.

O. M.Phil. - 18.3 and O. Ph.D. - 31.3

Dishonest / intentional Plagiarism: A deliberate attempt of presenting other’s work as his / her own work without appropriate acknowledgement of the reference source is called dishonest plagiarism. This shows knowingly or intentionally a person invoice in substantial appropriation or copying of material of the other’s work without any permission of the reference source, where the degree / level of copying is substantial.

O. M.Phil. - 18.4 and O. Ph.D. - 31.4

Detection of Plagiarism / Academic dishonesty: A committee for each subject comprising of Dean of Concern Faculty, Head of the university department, two faculty members who are recognized guide from the respective university department including one professor and one outside technical expert from Ahmedabad City nominated by Hon. Vice Chancellor, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, will be responsible to distinguish original work from the plagiarized work and the level / degree of plagiarism. Any three members except guiding teacher will constitute the quorum. This committee will detect the plagiarism on receiving the written complain only by the original reference source with required proof / evidence as per prevailing norms by Gujarat University / UGC / National Knowledge Commission or equivalent agency. The final decision on the plagiarism wills the help of variety of tools like personal verification / use of software / e-resources etc. The Gujarat University will use the best available tools / software to detect plagiarism / Academic dishonesty.

O. M.Phil. - 18.5 and O. Ph.D. - 31.5

Procedural fairness and policy compliance to address alleged plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty: The Gujarat University, Ahmedabad is committed to deal with alleged plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty by any section of the University community in accordance with the principles of procedural fairness introduced with this document including the right to:

• Concerned persons must be informed of the allegations against them with sufficient details which enables them to understand the precise nature of allegations
• Reasonable time of fifteen to twenty working days should be given to respond to the allegations
• Total disputed matter should be resolved within one months of the detection of plagiarism
• Impartial investigation with absence of any bias in the process

O. M.Phil. - 19 and O. Ph.D. - 32

Gujarat University will ensure to educate its students, teaching community and other staff members about what constitutes plagiarism, its detection and the course of action. It is essential for all the section of the university community including researches / workers / students / staff working with the Gujarat University system to submit a statement with signature and declaration certificate that they are aware of the plagiarism policy of the Gujarat University, Ahmedabad where ever applicable and no part of their presentation / research / work / act / performance be it assignment, term paper, project report, dissertation, thesis, short communications etc. is not copied in any form of print or electronic source including internet and it is one’s original efforts and creation. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad will create a record in the university system that indicates that one has committed an act of plagiarism/academic dishonesty.

O. M.Phil. - 19.1 and O. Ph.D. - 32.1

Assessment and action against alleged Plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty: If the committee proves the alleged plagiarism, a detailed report with the proof will be discussed and submitted to the Hon. Vice Chancellor, who will confirm the degree / level of plagiarism along with the committee members first, if it is required then, it will be further submitted to The Academic Council of the Gujarat University for confirmation and then the case would be referred to The Executive Council of the Gujarat University which is empowered to take disciplinary actions.

O. M.Phil. - 19.2 and O. Ph.D. - 32.2

Consequences of alleged Plagiarism / Academic Dishonesty Plagiarism and academic dishonesty will have some severe penalties and repercussions. The committee may recommend any or every of the following depending on the severity of the act:

For Non - intentional Plagiarism / Negligent Plagiarism

• Recommendation for counselling or remediation
• Fine or warning
• Redoing / Resubmit in fresh of the assignment / course / project / performance / action
• Fine or warning to Guiding Teacher

For Intentional Plagiarism / Dishonest Plagiarism

• Reduced grade / detaining / failing in the assignment / course / project / performance / action
• Dismissing / rustication of the individual from the course / university for limited period or permanent
• Withdrawal of the degree
• Temporary or permanent withdrawal of the Guide ship for teacher

O. M.Phil. - 20 and O. Ph.D. - 33

Mandatory requirement: Gujarat University impacts regular and research degrees in various faculties in more than 100 subjects. The registered candidates are referring many source of information and preparing the relevant document in form of publications / dissertation / project / proposal / thesis / research related document (short communication, paper, review article, performance, presentation etc.) There is possibility that these candidates follow / refer / observe the same literature source as others are using, therefore it is essential to decide / address and restrict such practices. The level of tolerance and acceptability for alleged degree of plagiarism for publications / dissertation / project proposal / thesis / research related documents (short communication, paper, review article, performance, presentation etc.) before the submission of such document is as follows:

If any document exceeds the above proposed limit would be considered as plagiarism / academic dishonesty and the actions will be taken as mentioned in this document as O. M.Phil. - 19.2 and O.Ph.D. - 32.2

Moreover, Students / Research Scholars (M.Phil. & Ph.D.) shall observe the following Guideline before the submission of Dissertation / Thesis:

• Students are required to submit at least one review article / paper (M.Phil.) and two review article / papers (Ph.D.) before the submission of Dissertation / Thesis
• Students are also required to screen their submission for plagiarism and a certificate is mandatory before printing the hard copy of the same.
• The Dissertation / Thesis should be in spiral or loose binding to be sent to the external Examiners
• The Printing of hard copy would be allowed only after the necessary corrections and suggestions are being incorporated in the submission.
• E-resources may be utilized by the University and examiners for communication (via e- mail / soft copy / pen drive) for examination, evaluation and report submission.

Gujarat University

Online Admission

gujarati language Recently Published Documents

Total documents.

• Latest Documents
• Most Cited Documents
• Contributed Authors
• Related Sources
• Related Keywords

Sentiment analysis on film review in Gujarati language using machine learning

<span>Opinion analysis is by a long shot most basic zone of characteristic language handling. It manages the portrayal of information to choose the motivation behind the wellspring of the content. The reason might be of a type of gratefulness (positive) or study (negative). This paper offers a correlation between the outcomes accomplished by applying the calculation arrangement using various classifiers for instance K-nearest neighbor and multinomial naive Bayes. These techniques are utilized to assess a significant assessment with either a positive remark or negative remark. The gathered information considered on the grounds of the extremity film datasets and an association with the results accessible proof has been created for a careful assessment. This paper investigates the word level count vectorizer and term frequency inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) influence on film sentiment analysis. We concluded that multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) classier generate more accurate result using TF-IDF vectorizer compared to CountVectorizer, K-nearest-neighbors (KNN) classifier has the same accuracy result in case of TF-IDF and CountVectorizer.</span>

POS-HOML: POS Tagging Technique For Gujarati Language Using Hybrid Optimal And Machine Learning Approaches

The rand-36 health survey 1.0: translation, reliability, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the gujarati version.

Background: The Short Form 36 Item Survey is the most typically used instrument for assessing health-related quality of life.1 Two identical versions of the initial instrument are currently available: the general public domain, license-free RAND-36, and also the commercial SF 36.2 RAND 36 don't seem to be available within the Gujarati language. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the RAND 36 into the Gujarati language and measure its reliability and validity. Methods: According to the guidelines by the International Quality of Life Assessment project, a test of item-scale correlation, a sequence of translation, and validation were implemented for the translation of the Gujarati version of the RAND-36. Following pilot testing, the English and the Gujarati versions of the RAND-36 were administered to a random sample of 120 apparently healthy individuals to test validity and 96 respondents completed the Gujarati RAND-36 again after two weeks to test reliability. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, multi-trait scaling analysis, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s product-moment correlation analysis, and Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) at p < 0.05 Results: The median Cronbach's alphas for the Gujarati RAND-36 in multiple subgroups exceeded 0.70 for every scale except one. Two of the English RAND-36 scales had median Cronbach's alphas that exceeded 0.70; the rest exceeded 0.50. Test-retest correlations were found statistically significant for both versions. Product-moment correlations to test the equivalence of the corresponding Gujarati and English versions of the RAND-36 ranged from 0.73 to 0.92. The Gujarati version of the RAND-36 has high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.809) and test-retest reliability (Intra-class correlation coefficient=0.746, 95% CI: 0.58, 0.94). Conclusions: The Gujarati version of the RAND-36 performed well and the findings suggest that it is a reliable and valid measure of health-related quality of life among the general Gujarati population. Keywords: RAND-36, cross-cultural translation, quality of life, health status assessment, Gujarati.

Parts-of-Speech Tagger for Gujarati Language using Long-short-Term-Memory

Debates over gujarati language and literature, a novel speech to sign communication model for gujarati language, influence of gujarati stemmer in supervised learning of web page categorization.

With the large quantity of information offered on-line, it's equally essential to retrieve correct information for a user query. A large amount of data is available in digital form in multiple languages. The various approaches want to increase the effectiveness of on-line information retrieval but the standard approach tries to retrieve information for a user query is to go looking at the documents within the corpus as a word by word for the given query. This approach is incredibly time intensive and it's going to miss several connected documents that are equally important. So, to avoid these issues, stemming has been extensively utilized in numerous Information Retrieval Systems (IRS) to extend the retrieval accuracy of all languages. These papers go through the problem of stemming with Web Page Categorization on Gujarati language which basically derived the stem words using GUJSTER algorithms [1]. The GUJSTER algorithm is based on morphological rules which is used to derived root or stem word from inflected words of the same class. In particular, we consider the influence of extracted a stem or root word, to check the integrity of the web page classification using supervised machine learning algorithms. This research work is intended to focus on the analysis of Web Page Categorization (WPC) of Gujarati language and concentrate on a research problem to do verify the influence of a stemming algorithm in a WPC application for the Gujarati language with improved accuracy between from 63% to 98% through Machine Learning supervised models with standard ratio 80% as training and 20% as testing.

Text Classification of Gujarati Newspaper Headlines

Text classification is an extremely important area of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This paper studies various methods for embedding and classification in the Gujarati language. The dataset comprises of Gujarati News Headlines classified into various categories. Different embedding methods for Gujarati language and various classifiers are used to classify the headlines into given categories. Gujarati is a low resource language. This language is not commonly worked upon. This paper deals with one of the most important NLP tasks - classification and along with it, an idea about various embedding techniques for Gujarati language can be obtained since they help in feature extraction for the process of classification. This paper first performs embedding to get a valid representation of the textual data and then uses already existing robust classifiers to perform classification over the embedded data. Additionally, the paper provides an insight into how various NLP tasks can be performed over a low resource language like Gujarati. Finally, the research paper carries out a comparative analysis between the performances of various existing methods of embedding and classification to get an idea of which combination gives a better outcome.

Using Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency to find the Relevance of Words in Gujarati Language

Improving semantic coherence of gujarati text topic model using inflectional forms reduction and single-letter words removal.

A topic model is one of the best stochastic models for summarizing an extensive collection of text. It has accomplished an inordinate achievement in text analysis as well as text summarization. It can be employed to the set of documents that are represented as a bag-of-words, without considering grammar and order of the words. We modeled the topics for Gujarati news articles corpus. As the Gujarati language has a diverse morphological structure and inflectionally rich, Gujarati text processing finds more complexity. The size of the vocabulary plays an important role in the inference process and quality of topics. As the vocabulary size increases, the inference process becomes slower and topic semantic coherence decreases. If the vocabulary size is diminished, then the topic inference process can be accelerated. It may also improve the quality of topics. In this work, the list of suffixes has been prepared that encounters too frequently with words in Gujarati text. The inflectional forms have been reduced to the root words concerning the suffixes in the list. Moreover, Gujarati single-letter words have been eliminated for faster inference and better quality of topics. Experimentally, it has been proved that if inflectional forms are reduced to their root words, then vocabulary length is shrunk to a significant extent. It also caused the topic formation process quicker. Moreover, the inflectional forms reduction and single-letter word removal enhanced the interpretability of topics. The interpretability of topics has been assessed on semantic coherence, word length, and topic size. The experimental results showed improvements in the topical semantic coherence score. Also, the topic size grew notably as the number of tokens assigned to the topics increased.

Export Citation Format

Share document.

• MMTTC WEBSITE

Towards Excellence

(issn no. 0974-035x), (an indexed refereed & peer-reviewed journal of higher education).

• Publication

About Journal Info

• About the journal
• Aims and Scope
• Journal Permissions

Towards Excellence, an indexed refereed & peer-reviewed journal of higher education, has a wide scope for scholarly research papers, research proposals, book reviews, policy papers, articles etc. Blind referee system is followed for review of the contributions before publication. No correspondence can be entertained regarding editorial policy. Unpublished, original contributions can be submitted within the range of 1,500 words. Please submit all contributions in Microsoft Word File with A4 size paper and 12 point Times New Roman fonts. In case of Gujarati Language use Shruti fonts and for Hindi use Mangal fonts. Please follow the latest M.L.A. Style for documentation and citation for your contributions. The contributors are fully responsible for the content of their work and plagiarism. We accept your contributions through google link https://forms.gle/PZZgX4cLgopTL6247

Resources and components for gujarati NLP systems: a survey

• Published: 16 January 2022
• Volume 55 , pages 1–19, ( 2022 )

Cite this article

• Nikita P. Desai   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-9477 1 &
• Vipul K. Dabhi   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-0234 1  

608 Accesses

2 Citations

2 Altmetric

Explore all metrics

Natural Language Processing (NLP) represents the task of automatic handling of natural human language by machines. There is a large spectrum of possible NLP applications which aid in automating tasks like text translation amongst languages, retrieving and summarizing data from very huge and complex repositories, spam email filtering, identifying fake news in digital media, finding political opinions, views and sentiments of people on various government policies, providing effective medical assistance based on past history records of patients etc. Gujarati language is an Indian language with more than sixty million users worldwide. At present, many efforts are laid for developing NLP applications and resources for Indian languages. This survey gives a taxonomy and comprehensive report regarding component and resource development for Gujarati NLP systems. Also, few prominent tools available in open domain are tested, and their posterior analysis is presented. Possible measures to handle the issues in resource and component development of Gujarati NLP system are also discussed. This report might be useful for industry, researchers and academicians to have a clear picture of the research gaps, challenges and opportunities in Gujarati NLP systems.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (Russian Federation)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Rent this article via DeepDyve

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

A Comparative Study on Evolution of Natural Language Processing and Natural Language Understanding

Review on Natural Language Processing Trends and Techniques Using NLTK

Solutions of Creating Large Data Resources in Natural Language Processing

Ameta J, Joshi N, Mathur I (2011) A lightweight stemmer for gujarati. http://cogprints.org/9059/

Ameta J, Joshi N, Mathur I (2013) Improving the quality of gujarati-hindi machine translation through part-of-speech tagging and stemmer-assisted transliteration. http://cogprints.org/9068/

Aswani N, Gaizauskas RJ (2010) Developing morphological analysers for south asian languages: Experimenting with the hindi and gujarati languages. In: LREC, pp. 811–815

Balumuri S, Bachina S, Kamath S (2021) Sb_nitk at mediqa 2021: Leveraging transfer learning for question summarization in medical domain. In: Proceedings of the 20th workshop on biomedical language processing, pp. 273–279

Baskaran S, Bali K, Bhattacharya T, Bhattacharyya P, Jha GN et al. (2008) A common parts-of-speech tagset framework for indian languages. In: Proceeding of LREC 2008

Bharati A, Chaitanya V, Sangal R, Ramakrishnamacharyulu K (1995) Natural language processing: a Paninian perspective. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi

Google Scholar  

Bhatt BS, Bhensdadia C, Bhattacharyya P, Chauhan D, Patel K (2017) Gujarati wordnet: a profile of the indowordnet. In: The WordNet in Indian languages, Springer. pp. 167–174

Bhatt R (2007) Ergativity in indo-aryan languages. In: Talk given at the MIT ergativity seminar

Bhattacharyya P (2010) Indowordnet. In: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC’10)

Bhattacharyya P, Murthy H, Ranathunga S, Munasinghe R (2019) Indic language computing. Commun ACM 62(11):70–75

Article   Google Scholar  

Cai M (2021) Natural language processing for urban research: a systematic review. Heliyon 7(3):e06322

Cambria E, White B (2014) Jumping nlp curves: a review of natural language processing research. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 9(2):48–57

Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore. Linguistic data consortium for indian langauges. https://www.ldcil.org , Accessed on: 09.12.20202020

CFILT, IIT Bombay. Indowordnet. http://www.cfilt.iitb.ac.in/indowordnet/index.jsp , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Chandramouli C, General R ( 2011) Census of india 2011. In: Provisional Population Totals. New Delhi: Government of India, pp. 409–413

Charles University P, U. of West Buhimia, I. of Czech language of academy of sciences, and M. Univ. Digital research infrastructure for the language technologies, arts and humanities. https://lindat.mff.cuni.cz/ , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Chen Y, Skiena S (2014) Building sentiment lexicons for all major languages. In: Proceedings of the 52nd annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers), pp. 383–389

Das D, Petrov S (2011) Unsupervised part-of-speech tagging with bilingual graph-based projections. In: Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics: human language technologies, pp. 600–609

Desai N, Dalwadi B(2016) An affix removal stemmer for gujarati text. In: 2016 3rd international conference on computing for sustainable global development (INDIACom), pp. 2296–2299. IEEE

Devi SL, Ram VS, Rao PR (2014) A generic anaphora resolution engine for indian languages. In: Proceedings of COLING 2014, the 25th international conference on computational linguistics: technical papers, pp. 1824–1833

Dhar A, Mukherjee H, Dash NS, Roy K (2021) Text categorization: past and present. Artif Intell Rev 54(4):3007–3054

DivyaBhaskar. https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/ , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Forum for Information Retrieval Evaluation(FIRE). http://fire.irsi.res.in/fire/static/data , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Garg V, Saraf N, Majumder P (2013) Named entity recognition for gujarati: a crf based approach. In: Mining intelligence and knowledge exploration. Springer, pp. 761–768

Gebreselassie T, Mersha A, Gasser M (2020) A translation-based approach to morphology learning for low resource languages. In: Proceedings of the the fourth widening natural language processing workshop, pp. 36–40

Goldhahn D, Eckart T, Quasthoff U et al (2012) Building large monolingual dictionaries at the leipzig corpora collection: from 100 to 200 languages. In: LREC 29:31–43

Google. https://cloud.google.com/translate/docs/basic/translating-text , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Grierson GA (1906) Linguistic survey of India, volume 9.2. Office of the superintendent of government printing, India

Gujarati Samaj. https://www.vishwagujaratisamaj.net , Accessed on: 11.08.2021

GujaratSamachar. http://www.epapergujaratsamachar.com/ , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Indian institute of technology - bombay. Center for Indian language technology tools. https://www.cfilt.iitb.ac.in/Tools.html , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Indic NLP library: resources and tools for Indian language Natural Language Processing. http://anoopkunchukuttan.github.io/indic_nlp_library/ , Accessed on: 09.12.2020

International Institute of Information Technology Hyderabad. Ltrc language technologies research center. https://researchweb.iiit.ac.in/~rashid.ahmedpg08/ilmtdocs/chunk-pos-ann-guidelines-15-Dec-06.pdf , Accessed on: 09.12.2020

Kaur P, Goyal V, Shah KS, Singh U (2018) Hybrid chunker for gujarati language. In: Networking communication and data knowledge engineering, Springer, pp. 217–226

KCIS Resources, DeiTY, Govt. of India. http://ltrc.iiit.ac.in/showfile.php?filename=downloads/kolhi/ , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

KPMG and Google. https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/in/pdf/2017/04/Indian-languages-Defining-Indias-Internet.pdf , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Kunchukuttan A, Bhattacharyya P (2020) Utilizing language relatedness to improve machine translation: a case study on languages of the Indian subcontinent. arXiv preprint arXiv:2003.08925

Kunchukuttan A, Mishra A, Chatterjee R, Shah R, Bhattacharyya P (2014) Shata-anuvadak: tackling multiway translation of indian languages. In: Proceedings of the ninth international conference on language resources and evaluation (LREC’14), pp. 1781–1787

Kurian C, Kannan Balakrishnan K (2008) Natural language processing in india prospects and challanges. In: Proceedings of the international conference on recent trends in computational science

Leipzig Corpora Collection. Leipzig university,germany. https://wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de/en/download/gujarati , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Liddy ED (2001) Natural language processing. In: Encyclopedia of library and information science, 2. Inc., NY, USA

Locke S, Bashall A, Al-Adely S, Moore J, Wilson A, Kitchen G (2021) Natural language processing in medicine: a review. Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care

Marev cek, David and Yu, Zhiwei and Zeman, Daniel and v Zabokrtsk’y, Zdenv ek. Deltacorpus 1.1. http://hdl.handle.net/11234/1-1743 , 2016

Matrubhumi website. https://www.matrubharti.com/stories/gujarati/short-stories , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology,Govt of India. Technology development for indian languages. http://www.tdil-dc.in , 2020

Mishra P, Mujadia V, Sharma DM (2018) Pos tagging for resource poor indian languages through feature projection. In: Proceedings of ICON-2017, pp. 50–55

NLTK. https://www.nltk.org/_modules/nltk/tokenize/punkt.html , Accessed on: 09.12.2020

OLAC Community. Olac resources in and about the gujarati language. http://olac.ldc.upenn.edu/language/guj , Accessed on: 09.12.2020

Open Government Data Platform, Govt. of India. https://data.gov.in/ , Accessed on : 09.8.2021

Patel C, Ahalpara D (2015) A statistical chunker for Indian language gujarati. Int J Comput Eng Appl 9:173–180

Patel C, Gali K (2008) Part-of-speech tagging for gujarati using conditional random fields. In: Proceedings of the IJCNLP-08 workshop on NLP for less privileged languages

Patel CD, Patel JM (2017) Gujster: A rule based stemmer using dictionary approach. In: 2017 international conference on inventive communication and computational technologies (ICICCT), pp. 496–499. IEEE

Patel KA, Pareek JS (2013) Gh-map: translation system for sibling language pair gujarati-hindi. CSI Trans ICT 1(2):183–192

Prajapati M, Yajnik A (2020) Constraint-based gujarati parser using lpp. In: Proceedings of first international conference on computing, communications, and cyber-security (IC4S 2019), Springer, pp. 375–386

Saini JR, Modh JC(2016) Gidtra: A dictionary-based mts for translating gujarati bigram idioms to english. In: 2016 fourth international conference on parallel, distributed and grid computing (PDGC), pp. 192–196. IEEE

Sengupta D, Saha G (2015) Study on similarity among indian languages using language verification framework. Adv Artif Intell 2015:1–25

Shah DN, Bhadka H (2020) Paradigm-based morphological analyzer for the gujarati language. In: Intelligent communication, control and devices, Springer, pp 469–481

Sheth J, Patel B(2014) Dhiya: a stemmer for morphological level analysis of gujarati language. In: 2014 international conference on issues and challenges in intelligent computing techniques (ICICT), pp. 151–154. IEEE

Suba K, Jiandani D, Bhattacharyya P (2011) Hybrid inflectional stemmer and rule-based derivational stemmer for gujarati. In: Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on south southeast Asian natural language processing (WSSANLP), pp. 1–8

Swati’s Journal. https://swatisjournal.com/ , Accessed on: 11.12.2020

Tailor C, Patel B (2019) Sentence tokenization using statistical unsupervised machine learning and rule-based approach for running text in gujarati language. In: Emerging trends in expert applications and security, Springer, pp. 319–326

Tailor C, Patel B(2021) Chunker for gujarati language using hybrid approach. In: Rising threats in expert applications and solutions, Springer, pp. 77–84

The Emille project, Enabling minority language engineering. http://www.emille.lancs.ac.uk/ , 2020

The Rosetta Project. Gujarati writing - p. j. mistry. https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_guj_ortho-2 , Accessed on: 09.12.2020

Unicode \(\text{\textregistered}\) Consortium. https://unicode.org/main.html , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Vaishnav ZB, Sajja PS (2019) Knowledge-based approach for word sense disambiguation using genetic algorithm for gujarati. In: Information and communication technology for intelligent systems, Springer, pp. 485–494

W3Techs. Usage statistics of content languages for websites. https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_language , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS). https://wals.info/languoid/lect/wals_code_guj , Accessed on : 09.12.2020

Download references

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of IT, DDU, Nadiad, Gujarat, 387001, India

Nikita P. Desai & Vipul K. Dabhi

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nikita P. Desai .

Additional information

Publisher's note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Desai, N.P., Dabhi, V.K. Resources and components for gujarati NLP systems: a survey. Artif Intell Rev 55 , 1–19 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-10120-1

Download citation

Published : 16 January 2022

Issue Date : October 2022

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-10120-1

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Indian language
• Natural language processing
• Lexical resources
• Find a journal
• Publish with us
• Track your research

• Privacy Policy

Home » How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

How To Write A Research Proposal – Step-by-Step [Template]

Table of Contents

How To Write a Research Proposal

Writing a Research proposal involves several steps to ensure a well-structured and comprehensive document. Here is an explanation of each step:

1. Title and Abstract

• Choose a concise and descriptive title that reflects the essence of your research.
• Write an abstract summarizing your research question, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes. It should provide a brief overview of your proposal.

2. Introduction:

• Provide an introduction to your research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance.
• Clearly state the research problem or question you aim to address.
• Discuss the background and context of the study, including previous research in the field.

3. Research Objectives

• Outline the specific objectives or aims of your research. These objectives should be clear, achievable, and aligned with the research problem.

4. Literature Review:

• Conduct a comprehensive review of relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
• Summarize key findings, identify gaps, and highlight how your research will contribute to the existing knowledge.

5. Methodology:

• Describe the research design and methodology you plan to employ to address your research objectives.
• Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques you will use.
• Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate and suitable for your research.

6. Timeline:

• Create a timeline or schedule that outlines the major milestones and activities of your research project.
• Break down the research process into smaller tasks and estimate the time required for each task.

7. Resources:

• Identify the resources needed for your research, such as access to specific databases, equipment, or funding.
• Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources to carry out your research effectively.

8. Ethical Considerations:

• Discuss any ethical issues that may arise during your research and explain how you plan to address them.
• If your research involves human subjects, explain how you will ensure their informed consent and privacy.

9. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

• Clearly state the expected outcomes or results of your research.
• Highlight the potential impact and significance of your research in advancing knowledge or addressing practical issues.

10. References:

• Provide a list of all the references cited in your proposal, following a consistent citation style (e.g., APA, MLA).

11. Appendices:

• Include any additional supporting materials, such as survey questionnaires, interview guides, or data analysis plans.

Research Proposal Format

The format of a research proposal may vary depending on the specific requirements of the institution or funding agency. However, the following is a commonly used format for a research proposal:

1. Title Page:

• Include the title of your research proposal, your name, your affiliation or institution, and the date.

2. Abstract:

• Provide a brief summary of your research proposal, highlighting the research problem, objectives, methodology, and expected outcomes.

3. Introduction:

• Introduce the research topic and provide background information.
• State the research problem or question you aim to address.
• Explain the significance and relevance of the research.
• Review relevant literature and studies related to your research topic.
• Summarize key findings and identify gaps in the existing knowledge.
• Explain how your research will contribute to filling those gaps.

5. Research Objectives:

• Clearly state the specific objectives or aims of your research.
• Ensure that the objectives are clear, focused, and aligned with the research problem.

6. Methodology:

• Describe the research design and methodology you plan to use.
• Explain the data collection methods, instruments, and analysis techniques.
• Justify why the chosen methods are appropriate for your research.

7. Timeline:

8. Resources:

• Explain how you will acquire or utilize these resources effectively.

9. Ethical Considerations:

• If applicable, explain how you will ensure informed consent and protect the privacy of research participants.

10. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

11. References:

12. Appendices:

Research Proposal Template

Here’s a template for a research proposal:

1. Introduction:

2. Literature Review:

3. Research Objectives:

4. Methodology:

5. Timeline:

6. Resources:

7. Ethical Considerations:

8. Expected Outcomes and Significance:

9. References:

10. Appendices:

Research Proposal Sample

Title: The Impact of Online Education on Student Learning Outcomes: A Comparative Study

1. Introduction

Online education has gained significant prominence in recent years, especially due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes by comparing them with traditional face-to-face instruction. The study will explore various aspects of online education, such as instructional methods, student engagement, and academic performance, to provide insights into the effectiveness of online learning.

2. Objectives

The main objectives of this research are as follows:

• To compare student learning outcomes between online and traditional face-to-face education.
• To examine the factors influencing student engagement in online learning environments.
• To assess the effectiveness of different instructional methods employed in online education.
• To identify challenges and opportunities associated with online education and suggest recommendations for improvement.

3. Methodology

3.1 Study Design

This research will utilize a mixed-methods approach to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. The study will include the following components:

3.2 Participants

The research will involve undergraduate students from two universities, one offering online education and the other providing face-to-face instruction. A total of 500 students (250 from each university) will be selected randomly to participate in the study.

3.3 Data Collection

The research will employ the following data collection methods:

• Quantitative: Pre- and post-assessments will be conducted to measure students’ learning outcomes. Data on student demographics and academic performance will also be collected from university records.
• Qualitative: Focus group discussions and individual interviews will be conducted with students to gather their perceptions and experiences regarding online education.

3.4 Data Analysis

Quantitative data will be analyzed using statistical software, employing descriptive statistics, t-tests, and regression analysis. Qualitative data will be transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and themes.

4. Ethical Considerations

The study will adhere to ethical guidelines, ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of participants. Informed consent will be obtained, and participants will have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

5. Significance and Expected Outcomes

This research will contribute to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence on the impact of online education on student learning outcomes. The findings will help educational institutions and policymakers make informed decisions about incorporating online learning methods and improving the quality of online education. Moreover, the study will identify potential challenges and opportunities related to online education and offer recommendations for enhancing student engagement and overall learning outcomes.

6. Timeline

The proposed research will be conducted over a period of 12 months, including data collection, analysis, and report writing.

The estimated budget for this research includes expenses related to data collection, software licenses, participant compensation, and research assistance. A detailed budget breakdown will be provided in the final research plan.

8. Conclusion

This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of online education on student learning outcomes through a comparative study with traditional face-to-face instruction. By exploring various dimensions of online education, this research will provide valuable insights into the effectiveness and challenges associated with online learning. The findings will contribute to the ongoing discourse on educational practices and help shape future strategies for maximizing student learning outcomes in online education settings.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

How To Write A Proposal – Step By Step Guide...

Grant Proposal – Example, Template and Guide

How To Write A Business Proposal – Step-by-Step...

Business Proposal – Templates, Examples and Guide

Proposal – Types, Examples, and Writing Guide

How to choose an Appropriate Method for Research?

A Study of Machine Translation Approaches for Gujarati to English Translation

Ieee account.

• Change Username/Password
• Update Address

Purchase Details

• Payment Options
• Order History
• View Purchased Documents

Profile Information

• Communications Preferences
• Profession and Education
• Technical Interests
• US & Canada: +1 800 678 4333
• Worldwide: +1 732 981 0060
• Contact & Support
• About IEEE Xplore
• Accessibility
• Terms of Use
• Nondiscrimination Policy
• Privacy & Opting Out of Cookies

A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. © Copyright 2024 IEEE - All rights reserved. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions.

Research Proposal Example/Sample

Detailed Walkthrough + Free Proposal Template

If you’re getting started crafting your research proposal and are looking for a few examples of research proposals , you’ve come to the right place.

In this video, we walk you through two successful (approved) research proposals , one for a Master’s-level project, and one for a PhD-level dissertation. We also start off by unpacking our free research proposal template and discussing the four core sections of a research proposal, so that you have a clear understanding of the basics before diving into the actual proposals.

• Research proposal example/sample – Master’s-level (PDF/Word)
• Research proposal example/sample – PhD-level (PDF/Word)
• Proposal template (Fully editable) 

If you’re working on a research proposal for a dissertation or thesis, you may also find the following useful:

• Research Proposal Bootcamp : Learn how to write a research proposal as efficiently and effectively as possible
• 1:1 Proposal Coaching : Get hands-on help with your research proposal

PS – If you’re working on a dissertation, be sure to also check out our collection of dissertation and thesis examples here .

FAQ: Research Proposal Example

Research proposal example: frequently asked questions, are the sample proposals real.

Yes. The proposals are real and were approved by the respective universities.

Can I copy one of these proposals for my own research?

As we discuss in the video, every research proposal will be slightly different, depending on the university’s unique requirements, as well as the nature of the research itself. Therefore, you’ll need to tailor your research proposal to suit your specific context.

You can learn more about the basics of writing a research proposal here .

How do I get the research proposal template?

You can access our free proposal template here .

Is the proposal template really free?

Yes. There is no cost for the proposal template and you are free to use it as a foundation for your research proposal.

Where can I learn more about proposal writing?

For self-directed learners, our Research Proposal Bootcamp is a great starting point.

For students that want hands-on guidance, our private coaching service is recommended.

Psst… there’s more!

This post is an extract from our bestselling short course, Research Proposal Bootcamp . If you want to work smart, you don't want to miss this .

You Might Also Like:

10 Comments

I am at the stage of writing my thesis proposal for a PhD in Management at Altantic International University. I checked on the coaching services, but it indicates that it’s not available in my area. I am in South Sudan. My proposed topic is: “Leadership Behavior in Local Government Governance Ecosystem and Service Delivery Effectiveness in Post Conflict Districts of Northern Uganda”. I will appreciate your guidance and support

GRADCOCH is very grateful motivated and helpful for all students etc. it is very accorporated and provide easy access way strongly agree from GRADCOCH.

Proposal research departemet management

I am at the stage of writing my thesis proposal for a masters in Analysis of w heat commercialisation by small holders householdrs at Hawassa International University. I will appreciate your guidance and support

please provide a attractive proposal about foreign universities .It would be your highness.

comparative constitutional law

Kindly guide me through writing a good proposal on the thesis topic; Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Financial Inclusion in Nigeria. Thank you

Kindly help me write a research proposal on the topic of impacts of artisanal gold panning on the environment

I am in the process of research proposal for my Master of Art with a topic : “factors influence on first-year students’s academic adjustment”. I am absorbing in GRADCOACH and interested in such proposal sample. However, it is great for me to learn and seeking for more new updated proposal framework from GRADCAOCH.

Submit a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Print Friendly

English Gujarati Dictionary | અંગ્રેજી ગુજરાતી શબ્દકોશ

The keyboard uses the ISCII layout developed by the Government of India. It is also used in Windows, Apple and other systems. There is a base layout, and an alternative layout when the Shift key is pressed. If you have any questions about it, please contact us.

• Pronunciation
• Word Network
• Inflections
• More matches
• Word Finder

proposal - Meaning in Gujarati

• ઠરાવ (masc)

proposal Word Forms & Inflections

Definitions and meaning of proposal in english, proposal noun.

• proposition

દરખાસ્ત , પ્રસ્તાવ

• "they listened to her proposal"
• marriage offer , marriage proposal , proposal of marriage

માંગુ, ... Subscribe

Synonyms of proposal

More matches for proposal.

What is another word for proposal ?

Sentences with the word proposal

Words that rhyme with proposal

English Gujarati Translator

Words starting with

What is proposal meaning in gujarati.

Other languages: proposal meaning in Hindi

Tags for the entry "proposal"

What is proposal meaning in Gujarati, proposal translation in Gujarati, proposal definition, pronunciations and examples of proposal in Gujarati.

SHABDKOSH Apps

Ad-free experience & much more

Parts of speech

French words used in English

Difference between I and Me

Our Apps are nice too!

Dictionary. Translation. Vocabulary. Games. Quotes. Forums. Lists. And more...

Vocabulary & Quizzes

Try our vocabulary lists and quizzes.

Vocabulary Lists

We provide a facility to save words in lists.

Basic Word Lists

Custom word lists.

You can create your own lists to words based on topics.

Login/Register

To manage lists, a member account is necessary.

Share with friends

Social sign-in.

Translation

If you want to access full services of shabdkosh.com

Please help Us by disabling your ad blockers.

or try our SHABDKOSH Premium for ads free experience.

Steps to disable Ads Blockers.

• Click on ad blocker extension icon from browser's toolbar.
• Choose the option that disables or pauses Ad blocker on this page.
• Refresh the page.

Spelling Bee

Hear the words in multiple accents and then enter the spelling. The games gets challenging as you succeed and gets easier if you find the words not so easy.

The game will show the clue or a hint to describe the word which you have to guess. It’s our way of making the classic hangman game!

Antonym Match

Choose the right opposite word from a choice of four possible words. We have thousand of antonym words to play!

Language Resources

Get our apps, keep in touch.

• © 2024 SHABDKOSH.COM, All Rights Reserved.
• Terms of Use
• Privacy Policy

Liked Words

Shabdkosh Premium

Try SHABDKOSH Premium and get

• Ad free experience.
• No limit on translation.
• Bilingual synonyms translations.
• Access to all Vocabulary Lists and Quizzes.
• Copy meanings.

Already a Premium user?

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development

Best international journal, open access journal issn: 2456-6470 , impact factor: 8.125.

• About IJTSRD
• Editor Board
• Reviewer Member
• Conference Proposal
• Special Issue Proposal
• Join as Reviewer
• Current Issue
• Research Area
• Call For Paper
• Publication Guide
• Processing Charge
• Sample Paper Format
• Copyright Form
• Indexing & Abstracting
• Ethics Policy
• Special Issue
• Submit Paper

Search Result

Call for papers.

• Call for Paper
• Publication Guidelines
• Submit Paper Online
• Author Account
• Submit Manuscript
• Terms & Condition
• Disclaimer Policy
• Copyright Claims Policy
• Privacy Policy
• Shipping & Delivery Policy
• Cancellation & Refund Policy

Stay Connected

Sign in with your account, forgot password | register now.

• Youth Program
• Wharton Online

Call for Research Proposals

The TIAA Institute & Boettner/Pension Research Council (PRC) Partnership announces a Call for Research Proposals on Retirement and Longevity, Behavioral Finance, and Insurance

Proposals due June 14, 2024, 5:00 p.m. EST

The TIAA Institute is partnering with the Wharton School’s Boettner Center/Pension Research Council at the University of Pennsylvania to solicit research proposals focused on later life  retirement income outcomes, health care dimensions of retirement, psycho-socio dimensions of retirement, and Demographic comparisons of retirement readiness and outcomes . We have a strong interest in the following research topics, but we also welcome proposals on other topics relevant to any of the three aforementioned thematic areas:

Retirement Income and Outcomes

• The role of guaranteed income, fixed and variable annuities
• Optimal portfolio construction to generate retirement income
• Consumption differences between early and later retirement years
• Social Security claiming and retirement timing
• Anticipated impacts of Social Security trust fund depletion on retirement income

Health Care Dimensions of Retirement

• Mental health and cognitive decline in retirement
• Projected impacts of health care and medical innovations on longevity and retirement
• Product innovation in long-term care insurance

Psycho-social dimensions of retirement

• Behavioral and social dimensions of labor supply at older ages
• Impact of advice on retirement decision making
• Relationship between psycho-social health, physical health, and financial security
• Psycho-socio aspects across retirement stages

Demographic comparisons of retirement readiness and outcomes

• Potential generational impacts of potential Social Security reforms
• New developments in estate planning, bequests, and inheritance
• Differences in employment and consumption patterns during retirement
• Racial, ethnicity, and cultural differences in preparing for and moving through retirement

Eligibility:  Any faculty member with an active appointment at a U.S. college or university is eligible to submit a proposal, as are researchers with appointments at U.S. public policy research organizations. Junior faculty members are encouraged to apply and special consideration will be given to their applications.  Final funding decisions will be contingent upon continued funding from TIAA.

Anticipated Outcomes:

• Innovative research that informs product and service development in the retirement industry, as well as public policy;
• Strong thought leadership at dissemination events highlighting findings; and
• Encouraging new researchers to join the retirement research arena.

The proposal deadline is June 14, 2024, 5:00 p.m. EST.

How to Apply:  Please submit the proposal materials detailed below as  a single integrated file in an e-mail attachment to : Sandra Scutt,  [email protected]

In the subject line, please write your last name and PRC/TIAA 2024-25 Proposal

Instructions for preparation of your proposal file are as follows:

1) Proposals should follow NIH-style formats which can be found at: ( http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/phs398.html )

• Face Page , NIH-style:  http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/fp1.pdf
• Abstract  (150 words)
• Title of proposal, name of investigator(s) along with full contact information
• Research Question(s)
• Project Motivation and Goals
• Research Plan/Methodology/Analytical Framework
• Data sources
• Potential Conclusions and Policy Implications
• Targeted Timeline for Deliverables (see below)
• List of References  cited in the Proposal
• PI(s) Bio-sketch , NIH-style:  https://grants.nih.gov/grants/forms/biosketch.htm
• Proposed Budget and Budget Justification , NIH-style:  http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/fp4.pdf

Note : This grant program will support only the direct costs of research and does not fund overhead or indirect costs. A maximum of $85,000 will be allocated per selected proposal.  Proposals must include a detailed and complete budget, separately itemizing costs for at least the following expenses:

• Personnel, including salary and benefits for the principal investigator and any co-investigators or research assistants (each separately itemized);
• Travel for research-related purposes;
• Equipment, materials, and other expenses, including itemized costs of (if any) and justification for, data, postage, printing, or other incidentals.

6)  A 3-page resume /C.V. for primary investigator(s)

Deliverables:

• All deliverables must be submitted in Word and all tables/figures in Excel (e.g., no LaTex or pdf files).
• Interim and Final Reports on research and financials (see Targeted Timeline).
• Working Paper: The working paper from the project must be suitable for posting as a TIAA Institute  Research Dialogue  on the TIAA Institute’s web site and on the Boettner Center/PRC’s website.
• Non-Technical Report and Executive Summary  outlining the main findings and implications of the research. The non-technical report should be 1,500-3,000 words in length, and the executive summary approximately 300 words. The report should be suitable for posting as a TIAA Institute  Trends and Issues  note. These should not be simple copy-paste excerpts from the Working Paper but should be free-standing.
• Up to two oral presentations  of the research may result if requested by the TIAA Institute. Funding for any necessary travel to such meetings will be provided by the TIAA Institute.

Targeted Timeline:

• Research to be conducted from July 8, 2024, through September 5, 2025.
• Interim Report: Interim progress and financial report to be submitted January 15, 2025.
• Final Report: Final narrative and financial reports to be submitted September 27, 2025.
• Possible Workshops/Convenings Fall 2025 and/or Spring 2026.

Recipients of a TIAA Institute/Boettner award will be expected to comply with the following conditions:

1) For this project, the PI(s) must obtain IRB approval if human subjects are to be used, take human subject certification training (CITI) if necessary along with sponsor approvals, as required by their institution (e.g., foreign clearance). If human subjects are used, a copy of the IRB letter of approval or exemption must be submitted to the PRC/Boettner Center prior to project funding release.

2) PI’s are required to acknowledge grant support received for this research on all papers and presentations stemming from research conducted with this financing. Please use the statement below on all papers resulting from this funding:

“The project described received funding from the TIAA Institute and the Wharton School’s Pension Research Council/Boettner Center. The content is solely the responsibility of the author(s) and does not necessarily represent official views of the above-named institutions.”

Download the PDF

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS. A lock ( Lock Locked padlock ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Dear Colleague Letter: Planning Proposals for Centers of Research Excellence in Science and Technology (CREST Centers) in Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE)

May 09, 2024

Dear Colleagues:

Consistent with the National Science Foundation's (NSF) efforts to increase institutional diversity within science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), the Directorate of STEM Education (EDU) and the Directorate for Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE) jointly encourage the submission of planning proposals for a future CREST center proposal with a focus on research in all areas of CISE to include the participation of the full spectrum of diverse talent in STEM.

The CREST Program supports the creation of research centers that will lead to strong societal impacts through 5-year awards. The projects focus on the enhancement of institutional capacity building and research expansion at Minority-Serving Institutions (MSIs) through the establishment of centers that effectively integrate education and research. CREST Center awards promote the development of new knowledge, the increase in the research productivity of individual faculty, institution, and the expanded engagement of students from all backgrounds in STEM disciplines

A CREST award is expected to catalyze institutional transformation through the development of research capabilities aligned with the institution’s mission and long-term goals. Demonstrated leadership to increase opportunities everywhere, for everyone in STEM is expected at all levels – students, postdoctoral researchers when applicable, and faculty. The research activities supported by CREST are expected to enable the full participation of faculty, graduate students, and undergraduates in a nationally competitive research enterprise.

A competitive CREST proposal will include a meaningful, coherent plan for building sustainable research capability. Formulation of such a plan requires time and resources, which may not otherwise be available to some and thus could constitute a barrier to preparing a CREST proposal. Through this Dear Colleague Letter (DCL), EDU and CISE jointly encourage the submission of planning proposals for CREST centers with a focus on all core research areas within CISE, to help mitigate potential barriers to the preparation of competitive CREST proposals for the proposing institutions and Principal Investigators (PIs).

A CREST center proposal planning award could be used to support initial conceptualization and design of collaborative activities to facilitate the formulation of new and coherent plans for future submission of a CREST center proposal. Anticipated planning activities could include, but are not limited to, planning visits/meetings within the institution and with partnering institutions to discuss potential collaborations, exchanges to launch/initiate scientific collaboration, strategic planning (including the development of a collaborative research plan), training efforts and infrastructure needs to enable coordination of collaborative efforts, and development of evaluation strategies.

Institutions from EPSCoR jurisdictions are always encouraged to apply for NSF support and are particularly welcome to apply to the CREST program. In addition, we seek individuals from EPSCoR jurisdictions to serve as merit review panelists which is an excellent way to learn about an NSF program you may want to apply to in the future.

PROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSION

Proposals must be prepared in accordance with the guidance for Planning Proposals specified in Chapter II.F.1 of the NSF Proposal and Award Policies and Procedures Guide (PAPPG) and submitted through Research.gov. Proposers should select the current PAPPG as the funding opportunity and direct proposals to EDU/EES/Centers for Research Excellence in S&T, as listed in research.gov.

Interested proposers should follow this guidance closely:

• The proposal must include a clear statement as to why this project is appropriate for a planning proposal, including how the funds will be used to formulate a sound approach for future submission of a CREST center proposal.
• The proposal must explain how a competitive research center will be created and sustained.
• The proposed research should be aligned with research supported by the Directorate for l Computer and Information Science and Engineering (CISE). The PIs are encouraged to outline a vision that simultaneously promotes inclusiveness and research excellence in CISE focused funding areas.
• The PI must hold a faculty appointment at an eligible MSI that awards degrees in computer science or computer engineering and must be eligible to submit a future CREST center proposal as defined in the recent CREST Centers solicitation .
• The budget may be up to $100,000/year (including indirect costs) and up to two years in duration.

Prospective PIs must send an initial concept outline (no more than one page) by email no later than August 1, 2024 , to one of the Program Officers listed below to verify that the proposal topic fits with the research areas of the Directorate for Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. An invitation from at least one NSF Program Officer to submit a full planning proposal must be uploaded by the PI in the “Program Officer Concurrence Email" section in Research.gov at submission of planning proposal. Planning proposals submitted in response to this DCL for consideration in FY 2025 are welcome through October 1, 2024, but earlier submission is strongly encouraged.

Please contact the following Program Officers for concept outline submission or any questions regarding this DCL:

• Subrata Acharya, Lead PO CISE Research Expansion, (CISE/CCF) [email protected]
• Sonal Dekhane, PO EDU, (EDU/EES), [email protected]
• Tomasz Durakiewicz, PO EDU, (EDU/EES, MPS/DMR), [email protected]
• Luis Cubano, Acting Deputy Division Director, EDU, (EDU/EES), [email protected]

James L. Moore III Assistant Director Directorate for STEM Education (EDU) Dilma Da Silva Acting Assistant Director Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE)

IC² Institute, Dell Medical School Seeking Research Proposals to Advance the Use of AI in Health Care

The IC² Institute, in collaboration with Dell Medical School, announces a research funding opportunity aimed at UT Austin faculty and researchers on the theme of “Designing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Mitigate Health Disparities.”

Through this 2024 call for proposals, the IC² Institute and Dell Med are offering one-year awards up to $75,000 for selected projects with a single principal investigator (PI) or up to $150,000 for collaborative projects including two or more PIs. Collaborative, multi-PI projects must include a Dell Med researcher. The deadline for concept paper submission is May 24, 2024.

Multi-disciplinary research in AI offers the potential to generate technologies producing impactful solutions to diverse and pressing problems. IC² has partnered with Dell Med to grow UT’s expertise and impact in the rapidly evolving area of Health AI — a domain that involves the development and deployment of intelligent systems capable of processing vast amounts of health data, offering diagnostic support, identifying patterns in individual or population health and assisting healthcare professionals in decision-making.

Since adopting its current mission of “innovating well-being” in 2022, the IC² Institute has been actively engaging in research and stakeholder engagement efforts that seek to improve the delivery of health care.  Executive Director S. Craig Watkins explains that engaging UT research experts on this issue holds great promise: “UT has such a strong commitment to cutting-edge research and clinical innovation. By teaming up with Dell Med to stimulate new research from our talented faculty, we can really push our knowledge about the equitable and effective use of AI in health care.” Dell Med Dean Claudia Lucchinetti, M.D., commented further:

“Innovation in technology and AI holds the potential to transform treatment and the delivery of health care.  However, ensuring that their development and application are designed with active input from stakeholders and protecting against bias are key to realizing that potential. By using a collaborative approach to the research in this space, UT is not only shaping the future of care but also making sure that patients and their families realize benefit from this innovation.”

Despite the considerable attention devoted to Health AI, some populations are overlooked in its development and potential benefits. For example, research suggests that the implicit biases in health-based data sets often influence the design of algorithmic models that can lead to disparate and negative impacts on underserved populations. Similarly, AI-informed medical devices may perform poorly when used to treat patients from under-tested populations.

To address these sorts of challenges, the IC² Institute and Dell Med seek research that falls into two broad categories:

• Relating to the use of Health AI in safety-net contexts, research that seeks to deploy AI to better understand disparate health outcomes with greater computational nuance and precision
• Believing that the design of future Health AI will benefit from diverse voices and expertise, research that demonstrates innovative and effective ways to engage community stakeholders in the design and deployment of Health AI.

The IC² Institute and Dell Med are open to research projects that explore health and well-being disparities in relation to geography (i.e., rural or urban); gender/sexuality; race and ethnicity; socio-economic status; and chronic diseases.

As the first part of a two-step review process, the deadline for concept paper submission is May 24, 2024. Select applicants will then be invited to participate in an interactive workshop in June and asked to submit final proposals in July. Additional details and application instructions can be found here .

Learn more about UT’s “Year of AI” initiative and other AI news and campus events at yearofai.utexas.edu .

Tags: TexasAI, Health & Well Being, IC2 Institute, Dell Medical School, Research, Technology

April 2, 2024