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Institute of Legal and Constitutional Research

PhD Studies

The University of St Andrews’ Institute of Legal and Constitutional Research is dedicated to fostering a large and lively community of postgraduate students, post-doctoral scholars and academic staff drawn from the Schools of History; International Relations; Philosophy, Social Anthropology, Film and Music; and beyond, in addition to hosting Visiting Scholars and other legal professionals from around the world.

All permanent academic staff at the University of St Andrews are happy to discuss applications for doctoral study from suitably-qualified applicants. For further details on permament academic staff at St Andrews who are members of the Institute of Legal and Constitutional Research see here .

For advice on  how to apply for a PhD place  at the University of St Andrews see here .

The University of St Andrews is committed to its large and flourishing community of PhD students and offer a range of postgraduate conferences, resources, international exchanges and teaching opportunities.

For further information on doing a PhD in the School of History see here .

For further information on doing a PhD in the School of International Relations see here .

For further information on doing a PhD in the School of Philosophy, Social Anthropology, Film and Music follow the further links here .

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How to apply (Ph.D.)

The Ph.D. in Theology is a very competitive programme with few spaces.

We welcome applications from highly qualified candidates with undergraduate and Masters-level experience (minimum GPA 3.6, UK average 66, or Scotland average 16) in theology and/or a closely related subject.

Prospective applicants are strongly advised to contact a potential supervisor before making an application.

All applications are submitted online. Please see the School of Divinity’s Postgraduate Research Degrees page and the university’s postgraduate admissions pages for details.

Please note: Applications are only considered complete when all necessary documentation, including references, has been received. After you submit your applications, referees have forty days to submit their references, and your application will not be processed until these have been submitted. If you need your referees to act more quickly than within the standard time frame, it is your responsibility to ask them to do so.

Online application form

Useful information:.

• University of St Andrews Research Postgraduate Admissions pages (including fees & funding information, application guidance notes, etc)
• University of St Andrews semester dates
• University of St Andrews Research Postgraduate Prospectus (pdf file)
• School of Divinity pages for postgraduates

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School of Divinity St Mary's College St Andrews KY16 9JU Fife, Scotland, UK

Phone: +44 (0)1334 462850

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Ph.D. (Doctorate)

The University of St Andrews is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in the UK. St Mary’s College (the School of Divinity), which hosts the Institute for Theology, Imagination and the Arts, was founded in 1538, and occupies a beautiful 16th-century quad in the heart of St Andrews. Doctoral students have excellent facilities within the School, including the historic King James Library and the Roundel, a dedicated doctoral study centre overlooking St Andrews’ 12th-century cathedral ruins.

ITIA’s Ph.D. programme is competitive and rigorous, and is aimed at those who already have the necessary coursework grounding to begin an independent doctoral research project. We welcome applications from suitably qualified candidates in the full range of subjects falling within the area of theology and the arts. Particular fields of expertise are outlined on our staff pages. Informal enquiries from prospective applicants are always welcome.

The focus of the Ph.D. programme is the completion of a doctoral dissertation under the supervision of one or two members of staff, usually in the course of three years of full-time work. Ph.D. students attend ITIA’s weekly research seminar , and are encouraged to receive language instruction and to attend other lectures, seminars and reading groups as appropriate. The majority of their time, however, is dedicated to independent research.

ITIA, the School of Divinity, and the University as a whole work together to provide doctoral candidates with the skills they need to succeed in an international job market, both academic and non-academic. (Paid) teaching assistantships are regularly advertised, and are combined with formal and informal teaching training. During the first year of study, students also undergo training in basic research skills, including a formalized GRADskills Programme offered by the University’s Centre for Educational Enhancement and Development (CEED) . Regular workshops, both general and subject-specific, in areas such as publishing, conference presentations, and job searches are offered by the Institute, the School and the University.

The School and University offer a number of scholarships and bursaries, though as at all of the most prestigious UK universities, many of our doctoral students are self-funded. Full scholarship information can be found on the University’s funding pages .

• Find out how to apply .

School of Divinity St Mary's College St Andrews KY16 9JU Fife, Scotland, UK

Phone: +44 (0)1334 462850

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Individual Research

Research training.

• Modules for the RTC
• Industrial Supervisor
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EngD in Computer Science

School of Computer Science, University of St Andrews

EngD in a nutshell

Our vision for the EngD is an industry-focused doctoral research programme with unique benefits: an unmatchable, in-depth research training experience for Research Engineers, as well as innovative solutions to problems faced by their Industry Sponsors.

The Doctorate for Industry

The Engineering Doctorate (EngD) is a 4-year graduate research programme. All EngD students – Research Engineers (REs) – will complete a taught programme of advanced modules as Research Training. In parallel, they will undertake Individual Research, tackling problems posed by their Industry Sponsor, defining, designing and evaluating solutions in collaboration with the Academic Supervisor. The Individual Research is within an industrial setting, allowing REs to develop knowledge, understanding skills, and experience in application areas of the Industry Sponsor.

Each RE will undertake a Research Training Component (RTC). This will require completion of a set of advanced, taught modules at the University, in a range of areas, including specialist technical modules, data analysis, or management. The RTC will provide a solid grounding in knowledge and skills to allow the RE to undertake novel research in addressing problems from the Industry Sponsor. Completion of the modules can be spread over the first two years of the EngD programme, with the RE spending one semester (15 to 17 weeks) at the University in each of the first two years of the EngD, in parallel with research activities.

At the heart of the EngD is an Individual Research Component (IRC) based in industry. The RE will have an Industry Sponsor, who will provide an Industrial Supervisor, in complement to the Academic Supervisor. REs will conduct research as a series of Individual Research Projects (IRPs), each IRP making a novel contribution to knowledge. The IRPs will be collated into a portfolio and submitted as a dissertation to be examined. IRPs can cover a broad range of scientific and/or engineering topics, but require critical analysis and evaluation by the RE in order to show the efficacy of their proposed solutions.

University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SX, UK.

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Evaluation of mr-tadf compounds as photocatalysts and their application in nhc/photoredox catalysis.

Supervisor: Smith, A. D. (Supervisor) & Zysman-Colman, E. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Doctoral Thesis (PhD)

Title redacted

Supervisor: Dowell, D. J. (Supervisor) & Wishart, L. J. (Supervisor)

Asylum as artifice: the role of the 'asylum seeker' and the production of the space-time of asylum accommodation in Glasgow, Scotland

Supervisor: Leahy, S. (Supervisor)

Genomic investigation of antimicrobial resistant enterococci

Supervisor: Holden, M. (Supervisor), Gillespie, S. H. (Supervisor) & Templeton, K. (External person) (Supervisor)

Circulatory zinc dyshomeostasis as a novel contributor of thrombosis in obesity and Type II diabetes mellitus

Supervisor: Stewart, A. J. (Supervisor)

What drives the community acceptance of onshore wind energy? Exploring the link between ownership, energy justice, and place in Scotland and Newfoundland

Supervisor: Warren, C. R. (Supervisor), Simpson, M. P. (Supervisor) & McCauley, D. (Supervisor)

Marine protection in the European Union: how do social constructions of marine wilderness and nature influence policy?

Supervisor: Stojanovic, T. A. (Supervisor) & Warren, C. R. (Supervisor)

You can't do that! A journey into vocal composition through an exploration of musical genres and the subversion of norms

Supervisor: MacRae, S. (External person) (Supervisor) & Cole, J. (External person) (Supervisor)

An exploration of Guernsey's relationship with the British Empire in the age of imperialism c.1880s-c.1920s

Supervisor: Kaul, C. (Supervisor)

Studies of lithium-silicon negative electrode materials for batteries

Supervisor: Irvine, J. T. S. (Supervisor)

Optimisation of the interfaces of solid-state batteries

Expanding the genochemetic toolbox: radical halogenases and aqueous alkyl halide cross-coupling.

Supervisor: Goss, R. J. M. (Supervisor)

Exploration of halogenases and chitinases for the production of halogenated compounds and the remediation of chitin-containing waste

Supervisor: Smith, T. K. (Supervisor) & Goss, R. (Supervisor)

An investigation into novel solid state electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

Supervisor: Payne, J. L. (Supervisor)

Whodunit? Determining the source and eruptive characteristics of unidentified volcanic eruptions from ice and sediment core archives

Supervisor: Burke, A. (Supervisor) & Hutchison, W. (Supervisor)

The co-evolution of Earth's crust and hydrosphere: a silicon isotope perspective

Supervisor: Savage, P. S. (Supervisor), Gardiner, N. J. (Supervisor) & Prave, A. R. (Supervisor)

Novel signalling pathways in type III CRISPR defence systems

Supervisor: White, M. F. (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Tuneshev, R. (Supervisor) & Psaradellis, I. (Supervisor)

MOF-based membranes for challenging gas separations

Supervisor: Wright, P. A. (Supervisor) & Ferrari, M. (External person) (Supervisor)

Towards sustainable transport: macroeconomic and microeconometric perspectives

Supervisor: Jaeger, D. A. (Supervisor) & Stefanski, R. L. (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Kay, E. R. (Supervisor) & Lusby, P. (External person) (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Smith, A. D. (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Randjbar-Daemi, S. (Supervisor) & Ansari, A. M. (Supervisor)

The 1939 New York World’s Fair : cultural diplomacy in the age of Fascism

Supervisor: Bavaj, R. (Supervisor), Ferris, K. (Supervisor) & Rose, S. (Supervisor)

Novel magnetic materials with chemically-tailorable interactions

Supervisor: Lightfoot, P. (Supervisor) & Lee, S. L. (Supervisor)

Refining acoustic estimation of fish biomass in the ocean and a lake using broadband sampling and target strength modelling

Supervisor: Brierley, A. S. (Supervisor)

The social evolution of religion : modelling genetic and cultural evolution

Supervisor: Gardner, A. (Supervisor)

Phenotypic screening and functional characterisation of anti-protozoan unnatural products

Supervisor: Smith, T. K. (Supervisor)

Rethinking historical university records: provenance in visualization and digital humanities research

Supervisor: Hinrichs, U. (Supervisor) & Orr, M. M. (Supervisor)

Re-telling the stories of artists who are women: lessons from the multimedial fictions of George Sand

Supervisor: Orr, M. M. (Supervisor)

Effective player guidance in logic puzzles

Supervisor: Gent, I. P. (Supervisor), Jefferson, C. A. (Supervisor), May, R. C. (Supervisor) & Hinrichs, U. (Supervisor)

A clinical decision support system for detecting and mitigating potentially inappropriate medications

Supervisor: Kuster Filipe Bowles, J. (Supervisor)

Comparative analysis of ISGylation during the antiviral response against Paramyxovirus infection

Supervisor: Hughes, D. J. (Supervisor) & Randall, R. E. (Supervisor)

Showtime! The influence of theatrical spectacle on four American modernists 

Supervisor: Rough, W. W. (Supervisor)

Unravelling the complex reproductive tactics of male humpback whales: an integrative analysis of paternity, age, testosterone, and genetic diversity

Supervisor: Garland, E. C. (Supervisor), Rendell, L. E. (Supervisor) & Carroll, E. L. (Supervisor)

The cultural evolution of humpback whale song in the North Atlantic and South Pacific Oceans: a study of cumulative culture, fine-scale evolution, and public engagement

Supervisor: Rendell, L. E. (Supervisor)

Investigating the role of the chromatin remodeller XNP-1 in C. elegans

Supervisor: Ferreira, H. C. (Supervisor)

An investigation of the social behaviour of archerfish Toxotes spp.

Supervisor: Rendell, L. E. (Supervisor), Webster, M. M. (Supervisor) & Sillar, K. T. (Supervisor)

The role of ecology in sexual selection in the Heteroptera

Supervisor: Shuker, D. M. (Supervisor)

The prospectus

Supervisor: Solie, K. J. (Supervisor)

Student thesis : Doctoral Thesis (MFA)

God in the eyes of a refugee: emic perspectives on religion and resettlement of Syrian Muslims in North East Scotland

Supervisor: Aguilar, M. I. (Supervisor) & Hyland, S. P. (Supervisor)

Contextualising Zia-ul-Haq's Islamisation of Pakistan (1977-88) and its impact on 'non-Muslims' in the thought of Maududi and British colonialism

Supervisor: Aguilar, M. I. (Supervisor)

Vanità : a screenplay

Supervisor: Mannion, J. (Supervisor) & Harris, Z. (Supervisor)

Everything ends, the good and the bad

Supervisor: Nayeri, D. (Supervisor)

Miscegenation and the postwar nation: interracial love, desire and white British identity in fictions of Britain and empire, 1947-1965

Supervisor: Plain, G. (Supervisor) & Raychaudhuri, A. (Supervisor)

Follies & f*ckups

Supervisor: Harris, Z. K. (Supervisor)

Modern computational methods for finitely presented monoids

Supervisor: Mitchell, J. D. (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Cockayne, J. L. (Supervisor) & Crisp, O. D. (Supervisor)

Supervisor: Burnside, J. (Supervisor)

Retrospective: a novel

Health Data Science PhD Studentship

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The School offers its congratulations to MSc student Heather Tiernan on being awarded the first Health Data Science PhD studentship, from the School of Medicine and the School of Computer Science. Heather will be working with Professor Silvia Paracchini on the interdisciplinary project “Unravelling Genetic Risk Variants in Neurodevelopmental Conditions”. We’re delighted to celebrate this with Heather who graduated with a BSc (Honours) in Biochemistry from the University of St Andrews in 2023 and is currently studying on our MSc programme in Health Data Science on a DHI (Digital Health & Care Innovation Centre) studentship and is part of this year’s national Data Lab Academy (23-24).   

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Graduate Admissions Requirements

Mba admission requirements, program start dates.

The St. Andrews Graduate Programs offer start dates every eight weeks. Start dates are available on the St. Andrews Calendar. All application materials should be submitted at least a week before a start date.

Academic Preparation

Our MBA students come from a variety of professional and academic backgrounds. Some have limited, if any, work experience, while others bring years of experience to the classroom.

A bachelor’s degree from an accredited university (or equivalent preparation from international institutions) is required for admission. Although many students have an undergraduate degree in business or a related field, we welcome students with undergraduate degrees from all disciplines.

Students with non-business undergraduate majors might need to take a few additional courses at St. Andrews or other accredited institutions to enhance their fundamental understanding of business functions. A minimum the following prerequisite foundation courses are required. Additional coursework may be required.

• A course in Microeconomics
• A course in Financial Accounting
• A course in Business Statistics

All these prerequisite courses can be taken concurrently with MBA-level courses.

Application Materials

The student-centered focus of the MBA Program begins with the admissions process. Each applicant’s experience and academic background will be reviewed as part of the application process.

Admission to the MBA program will be based on both quantitative and qualitative criteria. Applicants should be prepared to submit all the following documentation for consideration by the MBA Review Committee for acceptance to the MBA programs:

• Application for admission
• Official transcripts from all previous undergraduate and graduate work.
• Three (3) letters of reference from academic or professional advisors. Applicants with less than two years of work experience must submit at least one academic reference.
• A one-page essay stressing professional and personal expectations and goals.

International applicants should be prepared to submit all the above documentation along with the following for consideration by the MBA review committee for acceptance to the MBA programs:

• Official Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or International English Testing System (IETS) for students with undergraduate degrees from universities whose primary language of instruction is not English.
• Complete statement of Financial Responsibility.

For domestic and international applicants, the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is required for some candidates based on grade point average and experience. Prospective students should contact the MBA Program Counselor for more information on the GMAT requirement. St. Andrews also reserves the right to evaluate the applicant’s potential by conducting a personal interview in addition to all other requirements for admission, if deemed necessary.

Once your initial application for admissions is completed, send your additional application materials to Joe Butler, Graduate Admissions Counselor, at 910-277-5555 or [email protected] .

Scholarship Opportunities

Individuals applying to St. Andrews’s MBA are eligible for two institutional scholarships:

• St. Andrews Staff & Faculty Scholarship – Staff and Faculty of St. Andrews University (who have worked at St. Andrews for 4+ months) are eligible for a full tuition waver. Fees and book costs remain the same.
• St. Andrews Alumni & Friends Scholarship – Alumni and Friends of St. Andrews University are eligible for tuition reduction. Fees and book costs remain the same.

When you submit your application materials, notify Joe Butler, Graduate Admissions Counselor, at 910-277-5555 or [email protected] if you qualify for any of these institutional scholarships. All tuition, fees, and book costs can be found here .

MAEd Admission Requirements

There are no specific prerequisites for St. Andrews’s MAEd Program, outside of a completed bachelor’s degree.

Applicants should be prepared to submit all the following documentation for consideration by the MAEd Review Committee for acceptance to the program:

• Official transcripts from all previous undergraduate and graduate work. This includes a bachelor’s degree and a GPA of 3.0. Students with a GPA of less than 3.0 will be considered after they have taken undergraduate continuing education credits approved by the Teacher Education Department.
• An interview with a panel of faculty members from a broad base of disciplines.
• A written essay from a specific prompt of your choosing.

International applicants should be prepared to submit all the above documentation along with the following for consideration by the MAEd review committee for acceptance to the MAEd program:

For domestic and international applicants, the Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is required for some candidates based on grade point average and experience. Prospective students should contact the MAEd Program Counselor for more information on the GMAT requirement.

Individuals applying to St. Andrews’s MAEd are eligible for three institutional scholarships:

• St. Andrews Alumni & Friends Scholarship – Alumni and Friends of St. Andrews University are eligible for a tuition reduction. Fees and book costs remain the same.
• Current Educator Scholarship – Current educators are eligible for a tuition reduction. Fees and book costs remain the same.

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St Andrews Research Repository

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Welcome to the St Andrews Research Repository

This is the official institutional research repository for the University of St Andrews. The repository contains electronic theses and research publications including articles, conference proceedings, working papers and some research monographs. It also contains material and publications affiliated to the University and arising from specific projects. Full text content is provided for all research publications in the repository, and wherever possible (following embargoes) for electronic theses.

The University requires submission of an electronic version of theses. For help with electronic thesis deposit see Library webpages on how to submit your electronic copy or contact [email protected] .

The full text of research papers can be submitted to the repository via How to deposit in Pure or contact the Open Access team at [email protected] .

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Molecular identification of intertidal rock oyster species in north-eastern australia reveals new candidates for aquaculture , unravelling the complex interplay between antibiotic consumption and adaptive changes in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus , estimates of economic and environmental damages from tipping points cannot be reconciled with the scientific literature , enabling privacy-aware interoperable and quality iot data sharing with context , keynote - hong kong writing today : cantonese, polyglossia and the postcolonial condition .

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We offer a first class research environment, providing students with what they need to concentrate on their research.

The School of Economics and Finance at the University of St Andrews is part of Scotland's first university, with an established reputation as one of Europe's leading and most distinctive centres for research and teaching. The School is a dynamic research-led School where faculty carries out innovative and path-breaking research in relevant and important issues for individuals and societies. The School aims to deliver outstanding research and teaching in all areas of Economics and Finance and was ranked joint tenth in the UK in terms of research outputs in the Research Excellence Framework in 2014. On the basis of overall satisfaction, we are ranked 6th in the UK in the National Student Survey (NSS) 2021, and taking the last three years together we are ranked 3rd in the NSS. We are also ranked  first  in the UK in the Times Good University Guide in 2022.

We are proud of the thriving research environment in our School. In addition to the regular School seminar series with external speakers and the weekly staff seminar , the School also runs reading groups , where staff and PhD students present preliminary work. This forum is ideal for the exchange of research ideas and allows students to get feedback on their work from members of staff in a friendly and informal setting. Each year we also run the PhD Conference: this is a doctoral seminar, compulsory for all students, who present their research progress to the whole School.

We offer a first class study environment, providing students with what they need to concentrate on their research. Each student is assigned a desk and computing facilities in an office with other research students. You can view the latest published research output of the School’s staff on the St Andrews research portal . Additional support for postgraduate students is available from St Leonard's College website .

Doctoral study within the School of Economics and Finance at the University of St Andrews is an excellent preparation for careers in different fields. Previous alumni have subsequently followed successful careers in academia, industry, finance, public sector institutions, central banks and international organisations such as the United Nations, International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

Research Strengths

We are a dynamic research-led School that aims to undertake research of the highest quality. Our research strengths are in dynamic macroeconomics, choice theory, bounded rationality, game theory, expectations and learning, competition and innovation and climate change. We support the Centre for Dynamic Macroeconomic Analysis ( CDMA ). We are actively involved in the Scottish Institute for Research in Economics ( SIRE ).

Entry Requirements

Successful applicants for the PhD will normally already have a good MSc degree equivalent to the School of Economics and Finance’s programmes in Economics or Finance and Economics .  Research students are generally expected to have a minimum score of IELTS 6.5 to 7.5 or an equivalent score in another English language test . 

Our new students normally start their courses at the end of August, so we suggest completing your application by the end of June in order to allow us time to make a careful decision. If you will need a visa, early application is recommended.

Funding Available

Information about funding available for PhD study in the School of Economics and Finance can be found here.   Please return often for news about new opportunities.

More general information on University funding sources can also be found here.

Further Information & Application Procedure

Here are our new PhD Programme web pages, full of information on how to apply to our programme, a list of potential supervisors with their research expertise and detailed supervision topics, and an overview of the PhD years.

Information about Economics at the University of St Andrews

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Thank you, your report has been submitted. We will deal with the issue as soon as possible. If you have any other questions, please send an email to [email protected] .

Your Programmes

University of st andrews, undergraduate  .

1 in 3 undergraduate applicants received an offer in 2021/22.

Postgraduate taught

5 in 9 postgraduate taught applicants received an offer in 2019/20.

Undergraduate Programs with at least 15 applications

Most competitive among programs with at least 5 offers, least competitive  , most applications  , fewest applications  , postgraduate taught programs with at least 15 applications, postgraduate research programs with at least 15 applications, data sources.

• FOI Request by David Duke. March 2019.
• FOI Request by Will Smith. March 2019.
• FOI Request by KAI CHEN. December 2019.
• FOI Request by yu yu. November 2022.

The acceptance rate , or offer rate, represents the fraction of applicants who received an offer. Note that this will be generally lower the acceptances rates (acceptances divided by applicants) published by many other sources. This article explains it in more detail. The acceptances generally indicate the number of offer holders who accepted the offer and fulfilled its conditions. For some universities, however, it denotes the number of applicants who accepted the offer, regardless of whether they subsequently met its conditions.

Data Reliability

Unless otherwise noted, the data presented comes from the universities and is generally reliable. However, some of the differences between years and/or courses may be due to different counting methodologies or data gathering errors. This may especially be the case if there is a sharp difference from year to year. If the data does not look right, click the "Report" button located near the top of the page.

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How Andrews Started Offering the Degrees We Know Today

Melissa Moore 03.29.24

Andrews University strives to provide a strong academic environment with professors who are dedicated to student success and opportunities for growing experiences such as undergraduate research. However, reaching the point of offering current academic opportunities has been a continual process of development and is still changing today. In honor of our 150-year anniversary, I looked into how Andrews University’s programming got its start and came to be what it is today.

The first classes offered by what would eventually grow into Battle Creek College were grammar lessons, taught by Goodloe Harper Bell to a group of young men in the Battle Creek area. It started as an informal request by Edson White for Bell to teach him and a few other young men. Following this, the Battle Creek church hired Bell to teach, this organized class eventually grew into Battle Creek College (Jones-Gray 1). When the college opened, the Review and Herald announced “there will be the opportunity for the study of the languages, and other higher branches” (qtd. in Jones-Gray 2). 

However, in the early 1900s, administrative leaders opposed granting degrees to students. Thus, although students enrolled in classes, the school would not grant them a formal degree (Jones-Gray 174). Instead, the administration promised to give students certificates indicating what coursework they completed. Also, recordkeeping that tracked student information was poor and informal at best. That changed, however, when O. J. Graf became president. Graf increased the structure and record keeping, and led the school in a new direction until, in 1910,  the school could officially bestow students with a Bachelor of Arts degree (Jones-Gray 175). The strengthened academics attracted many new students to the school (Jones-Gray 177). “As We Set Forth,” lists a sampling of courses offered including, “trigonometry, analytical geometry and calculus, psychology, logic, and ethics…two years of Greek, two years Hebrew, three years Latin, three years German, and two years Spanish” (Jones-Gray 177). The book also mentions that the school advertised a pre-medical program in 1915-1916. Additionally, the school offered manual arts classes such as domestic science, printing, and woodworking (Jones-Gray 180).

Another change that added to course offerings was the merging of the Adventist Theological Seminary and School of Graduate Studies, under Potomac University, with Emmanuel Missionary College. The seminary was originally supposed to be affiliated with Washington Missionary College, but a lack of space and convenient locations resulted in the seminary's relocation to Andrews University (Jones-Gray 338). This brought a score of new class offerings and some graduate degrees to campus.

Even today the programs offered are constantly changing, with many degrees remaining standard through the years while others are removed and added. For example, the 1999-2000 bulletin lists pre-chiropractic, pre-medicine, pre-dentistry, and pre-law as pre-professional programs. These are all still listed under the current bulletin and are made up of fairly standard science courses. Meanwhile, journalism is no longer offered on campus, though the bulletin as recent as 2017-2018 listed it as an option for students. In talking with alumni who graduated many years ago, I have also heard individuals mention training for secretarial work. Finally, many programs have simply seen an evolution in how they are named and structured. For example, the aviation department used to be listed as aeronautical technology , even though the titles of many degrees offered are similar. Regarding future program additions, the 2024-2025 working bulletin includes a Doctor of Science in Occupational Therapy , which is not currently offered on campus.

Andrews University offers a wide range of courses that attract many students each year. However, course offerings shouldn’t be taken for granted. The process of developing various programs for students has taken time and still changes over time. Andrews University Academics have come a long way and continue to serve many students, preparing them for the future ahead. 

Jones-Gray, Meredith. “ As We Set Forth. ” Andrews University, 2002, pp 1-2, 170-190, 336-338.

The Student Movement is the official student newspaper of Andrews University. Opinions expressed in the Student Movement are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the editors, Andrews University or the Seventh-day Adventist church.