essay tentang hiv aids

Soal Essay Tentang HIV/AIDS Beserta Jawabannya

Berikut adalah contoh soal essay tentang HIV/AIDS beserta jawabannya yang bisa dijadikan acuan saat siswa akan menghadapi ujian.

tirto.id - Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh dan melemahkan kemampuan melawan infeksi.

Sementara itu, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) merupakan kondisi akhir dari infeksi HIV yang ditandai dengan penurunan drastis dalam sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Gejala HIV terbagi menjadi tahap awal, tahap menengah, dan tahap akhir (AIDS). Gejala pada tahap awal seringkali tidak terdeteksi karena belum adanya gejala yang muncul.

Namun, pada tahap awal juga bisa muncul gejala nyeri tenggorokan, ruam, kelelahan, dan pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening.

Sementara itu, pada tahap menengah, gejalanya antara lain flu berulang, lesu, demam, pembesaran kelenjar limfa, infeksi mulut, dan kulit. Pada tahap akhir paling berat (AIDS), gejalanya mencakup berat badan menurun, diare kronis, batuk, bintik-bintik berwarna merah atau ungu, dan infeksi otak.

Upaya pencegahan HIV AIDS dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan pendidikan dan informasi guna meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai HIV AIDS.

Pendidikan tersebut juga dapat memuat edukasi seksual guna mengurangi risiko HIV AIDS. Selain itu, pencegahan juga dapat dilakukan dengan melakukan pemeriksaan secara rutin untuk membantu deteksi dini dan pengelolaan kondisi.

Contoh Soal Essay Tentang HIV/AIDS Beserta Jawabannya

Materi mengenai HIV AIDS telah dipelajari oleh siswa sekolah menengah akhir. Untuk memperdalam pemahaman tentang HIV AIDS, berikut ini contoh soal essay tentang HIV/AIDS beserta jawabannya yang dirangkum dari berbagai sumber.

1. Analisislah dan jelaskan mengapa HIV/AIDS dianggap sebagai penyakit yang sangat berbahaya.

Seseorang yang terpapar HIV akan mengalami penyerangan terhadap sel darah putih oleh virus ini. Selanjutnya, virus tersebut merusak dinding sel darah putih untuk memasuki sel tersebut, mengakibatkan kerusakan pada bagian sel yang bertanggung jawab terhadap sistem kekebalan tubuh.

Sel darah putih yang mengalami kerusakan ini kehilangan kemampuannya untuk melawan kuman-kuman penyakit.

Proses ini menyebabkan penurunan jumlah sel darah putih yang sehat secara bertahap. Dampaknya, daya tahan tubuh individu menurun secara signifikan, membuatnya sangat rentan terhadap infeksi penyakit.

Oleh karena itu, infeksi yang sebelumnya mungkin bersifat ringan dapat menjadi lebih serius pada individu yang terinfeksi HIV.

Selain itu, dampak penyakit ini dapat melibatkan aspek psikologis, seperti risiko kecanduan narkoba, dorongan untuk bunuh diri, tekanan mental, dan potensi untuk mengalami gangguan kesehatan mental, seperti gangguan jiwa.

2. Jelaskan secara rinci bagaimana penularan penyakit HIV/AIDS dapat terjadi, dan mengapa pemahaman mengenai mekanisme penularan ini penting untuk menghindari penyakit tersebut.

dapat terjadi melalui kontak atau percampuran dengan cairan tubuh yang mengandung virus HIV. Hal ini melibatkan beberapa mekanisme penularan, termasuk hubungan seksual dengan seseorang yang mengidap HIV, penggunaan alat jarum suntik atau tusuk yang terkontaminasi, serta penularan dari ibu hamil yang mengidap HIV kepada bayi yang dikandungnya.

Selain itu, penularan juga bisa terjadi melalui transfusi darah, penggunaan produk darah, dan plasma yang terinfeksi. Pemahaman mendalam tentang cara penularan ini sangat penting agar kita dapat mengambil langkah-langkah pencegahan yang tepat dan efektif.

3. Berdasarkan penelaahan mengenai penularan HIV/AIDS, simpulkan langkah-langkah pencegahan apa yang dapat diambil untuk menghindari penyakit ini.

Langkah-langkah pencegahan penyakit HIV/AIDS melibatkan upaya dalam berbagai aspek. Pertama, pencegahan dapat dilakukan melalui hubungan seksual dengan mengadopsi perilaku seksual yang aman, seperti menggunakan kondom.

Selanjutnya, pencegahan juga melibatkan penghindaran penggunaan alat jarum suntik yang tidak steril. Selain itu, ibu hamil yang mengidap HIV dapat mengambil langkah-langkah tertentu untuk mencegah penularan kepada bayi yang dikandungnya.

Pencegahan juga dapat dilakukan melalui pengujian darah sebelum transfusi , penggunaan produk darah, serta penerapan edukasi di lingkungan sekolah atau institusi pendidikan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang penyakit ini.

4. Tuliskan gejala-gejala yang dapat muncul pada seseorang yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS pada tahap awal.

• Pengidap dapat mengalami nyeri mirip flu beberapa minggu setelah terinfeksi, yang berlangsung selama satu hingga dua bulan. Gejala ini mencakup demam, menggigil, dan mungkin disertai sakit kepala .
• Pada beberapa kasus, terinfeksi HIV tidak menunjukkan gejala apapun selama beberapa tahun setelah infeksi terjadi. Hal ini dapat membuat sulitnya pengidentifikasian infeksi pada tahap awal.
• Beberapa gejala umum yang dapat timbul pada tahap awal meliputi demam, nyeri tenggorokan, dan ruam pada kulit.
• Gejala lain yang mungkin muncul termasuk pembengkakan kelenjar getah bening , diare, kelelahan yang persisten, serta nyeri otot dan sendi.

Penularan HIV/AIDS melalui hubungan seksual dapat terjadi melalui kontak dengan cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan kondom , mempraktikkan seks monogami, dan menghindari berbagai perilaku seksual berisiko.

6. Apa peran edukasi dalam pencegahan HIV/AIDS? Jelaskan.

Edukasi memainkan peran kunci dalam pencegahan HIV/AIDS dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan, keterampilan, dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang cara penularan, pencegahan, dan pengelolaan HIV/AIDS. Ini membantu mengurangi stigma, meningkatkan sikap yang positif, dan mendorong perilaku yang aman.

7. Gambarkan tahapan utama penularan HIV dari orang yang terinfeksi kepada individu lain.

Tahapan penularan HIV melibatkan kontak dengan cairan tubuh yang terinfeksi, seperti darah, cairan vagina, atau air mani. Penularan dapat terjadi melalui hubungan seksual, berbagi jarum suntik, atau dari ibu hamil ke bayi. Penting untuk memahami dan menghindari perilaku berisiko.

8. Mengapa penting untuk mendeteksi HIV/AIDS pada tahap dini? Jelaskan konsekuensi bila tidak ada deteksi awal.

Mendeteksi HIV/AIDS pada tahap dini penting karena pengobatan dini dapat memperlambat perkembangan penyakit. Jika tidak terdeteksi, HIV dapat merusak sistem kekebalan tubuh, menyebabkan infeksi oportunistik, dan meningkatkan risiko penyakit serius. Deteksi dini juga penting untuk mencegah penularan kepada orang lain.

9. Jelaskan apa peran pemerintah dalam menanggulangi HIV AIDS?

Pemerintah memegang peran yang sangat penting dalam penanggulangan HIV/AIDS, karena penyakit ini tidak hanya menjadi isu kesehatan, tetapi juga melibatkan aspek sosial dan ekonomi.

Peran pemerintah dalam penanggulangan HIV AIDS mulai dari pencegahan dan edukasi, menyediakan layanan kesehatan yang terjangkau dan mudah diakses bagi individu yang terinfeksi HIV AIDS, serta memberantas stigma dan diskriminasi terhadap penderita HIV AIDS.

Pemerintah juga bertanggung jawab untuk merumuskan kebijakan yang mendukung penanggulangan HIV/AIDS, termasuk regulasi pelacakan dini, pengobatan, dan perlindungan hak asasi manusia bagi individu yang hidup dengan HIV AIDS.

Selain itu, pemerintah juga perlu memberikan alokasi anggaran yang memadai untuk program-program penanggulangan HIV AIDS.

10. Jelaskan mengapa orang yang hidup dengan HIV AIDS masih kerap mendapatkan stigma dan diskriminasi. Lalu, jelaskan langkah yang bisa diambil untuk menghentikan stigma dan diskriminasi tersebut.

Orang yang hidup dengan HIV/AIDS masih sering menghadapi stigma dan diskriminasi karena adanya ketidaktahuan, ketakutan, dan stereotip yang berkembang di masyarakat terkait penyakit ini.

Banyak orang belum sepenuhnya memahami cara penularan HIV/AIDS, sehingga muncul ketakutan dan miskonsepsi yang berujung pada penolakan terhadap individu yang hidup dengan kondisi tersebut.

Langkah yang bisa diambil untuk mengatasi miskonsepsi tersebut adalah dengan menyelenggarakan program edukasi untuk memahamkan masyarakat tentang penularan, pengobatan, dan kehidupan sehari-hari individu dengan HIV/AIDS.

• Gejala yang Timbul Akibat Infeksi Penyakit AIDS & Cara Cegahnya
• Kasus HIV Ibu Rumah Tangga, Kenali Gejala & Cara Cek di RS
• Ciri-Ciri HIV AIDS pada Wanita yang Harus Diwaspadai

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Essay About HIV/AIDS

Introduction.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, abbreviated as HIV, attacks the body’s immune system, and if left untreated, it can cause AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). HIV is a retroviral disease transmitted through unprotected sexual activity, from mother to child, blood transfusion, contact with infected body fluids, or hypodermic needles (Melhuish & Lewthwaite, 2018). The disease originated from a zoonotic animal, a chimpanzee in Central Africa. The virus version in chimpanzees, Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, is thought to have been passed to humans during their hunting activities way back in 1800. The disease has further been spread across Africa over the decades and eventually into other parts of the world. Its existence in the United States occurred between the mid to late 1970s.

Disease Manifestation

HIV weakens the immune system through infection and destruction of the CD4+ T cells, leading to immunodeficiency at the later stages of the disease. The virus adheres to the CD4+ protein on its surface and other cells to gain entry into the body  ( Melhuish & Lewthwaite, 2018 ).  Other coreceptors such as CCR5 and CXCR4 are essential in enabling the virus to gain complete access and cause infection to the body cells. HIV infection undergoes three stages: acute illness, chronic infection, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (Velloza et al., 2020). The first stage usually develops between 2 to 4 weeks after initial exposure. The stage often goes unrecognized because of the occasionally mild and nonspecific symptoms. Some of the clinical manifestations observed in the first stage include typical rushes distributed on the face and trunk, although they may also appear in the palms and soles. Oral and genital mucocutaneous ulceration is also another clinical manifestation that can be experienced during the first stage. In this stage, gastrointestinal manifestation, facial nerve palsy, acute encephalopathy, and many other clinical symptoms may participate.

In the second stage of infection, the virus continues to multiply but at low levels. Infected individuals who are in this stage may not have any alarming symptoms. The stage can last for up to 10 to 15 years, although it may move so fast in some individuals c. AIDs infection occurs in the third stage. The infection may be manifested by symptoms such as rapid loss of weight, recurring fever, extreme tiredness, prolonged swelling of the lymph glands in the groin, armpits, or neck, sores in the mouth, diarrhea that lasts for more than a week, or memory loss and other neurologic disorder (Nasuuna et al., 2018). When infected individuals are not treated, they may develop severe diseases such as serious bacterial infections, cryptococcal meningitis, tuberculosis, and cancers like Kaposi’s sarcoma and lymphomas.

Diagnosis and Treatment

HIV diagnosis can be made by a rapid diagnostic test that provides results on the same day. Individuals may also test themselves using an HIV self-test kit, although a confirmatory test has to be done later on by a qualified health professional (Mayo Clinic, 2020). The diagnostic test works by detecting antibodies produced by a person as part of their immune response to fight the virus. When the results turn out positive, immediate treatment should be done to manage the virus (Mayo Clinic, 2020). A combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) or antiretroviral therapy (ART) may suppress the symptoms and viral replication within an individual hence allowing recovery of the immune system and regain the ability to protect the body from opportunistic infections.

The public health measures of HIV prevention can be divided into three categories; primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention measures protect an individual from acquiring HIV infection. It involves strategies such as abstaining from sex, not sharing needles and sharp objects and using condoms when engaging in sexual activities. Prevention medicines such as PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) and PEP (post-exposure prophylaxis) may also be used to protect yourself from the infection (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Secondary HIV prevention involves measures that should be directed to infected individuals to prevent transmission to negative people (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Strategies used in secondary prevention entails giving health education to those who are infected, supporting ART adherence efforts, providing ongoing risk assessment regarding substance use and sexual behavior, encouraging infected individuals to disclose their HIV status to their sexual and drug use partners, prescribing condoms for positive individuals and providing counseling to them (Mayo Clinic, 2020). Tertiary prevention measures ensure the improved treatment to reduce the impact of HIV/AIDS disease and promote recovery. A tertiary prevention strategy aims at reducing complications that may be caused by HIV infection.

Surveillance measures

Local surveillance of HIV may be carried out using various reporting tools to fill HIV infection cases and later submitted to the local health departments for further analysis. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) plays a big role in collecting, analyzing, and disseminating data for national surveillance on HIV/AIDS. The CDC’s National surveillance system monitors HIV trends in the U.S (CDC, 2020). Moreover, the World Health organization can conduct international surveillance of HIV/AIDS, which surveys on HIV sentinel, STDs, and behavior.

Prevalence and Incidence

According to WHO (2020), the global prevalence of HIV is estimated to be over 37.7 million people, including 1.7 million children. The percentage prevalence in adults is 0.7%. Additionally, the incidence of HIV infection was 1.5 million (WHO, 2020). Most people living with HIV live in low and middle-income countries, with East and Southern Africa being the most affected region globally. In 2020, there were 670,000 new cases which amounted to 20.6 million infected individuals in East and Southern Africa.

Interesting facts

According to the WHO, some of the current interesting facts about HIV/AIDS is that it has claimed over 36.3 million people since its emergence; hence, it is still a major public health concern (WHO, 2021). Additionally, over 37.7 million were HIV positive in 2020, whereby 25.4 million were in the WHO African region. WHO also reports that over 680 thousand individuals succumbed to HIV-related infections, and over 1.5 million people acquired HIV/AIDS.

CDC. (2020, June 19).  Tracking AIDS Trends . Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/surveillance/index.html

Eisinger, R. W., & Fauci, A. S. (2018). Ending the HIV/AIDS pandemic.  Emerging infectious diseases ,  24 (3), 413.

Mayo Clinic. (2020, February 13).  HIV/AIDS – Symptoms and causes . https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hiv-aids/symptoms-causes/syc-20373524

Melhuish, A., & Lewthwaite, P. (2018). Natural history of HIV and AIDS.  Medicine ,  46 (6), 356-361.

Nasuuna, E., Kigozi, J., Babirye, L., Muganzi, A., Sewankambo, N. K., & Nakanjako, D. (2018). Low HIV viral suppression rates following the intensive adherence counseling (IAC) program for children and adolescents with viral failure in public health facilities in Uganda.  BMC Public Health ,  18 (1), 1-9.

Velloza, J., Kemp, C. G., Aunon, F. M., Ramaiya, M. K., Creegan, E., & Simoni, J. M. (2020). Alcohol use and antiretroviral therapy non-adherence among adults living with HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.  AIDS and Behavior ,  24 (6), 1727-1742.

WHO. (2021, June 9).  HIV/AIDS . WHO | World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids

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Essay on AIDS for Students and Children

500+ words essay on aids.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome or better known as AIDS is a life-threatening disease. It is one of the most dreaded diseases of the 20 th century. AIDS is caused by HIV or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which attacks the immune system of the human body. It has, so far, ended more than twenty-nine million lives all over the world. Since its discovery, AIDS has spread around the world like a wildfire. It is due to the continuous efforts of the Government and non-government organizations; AIDS awareness has been spread to the masses.

AIDS – Causes and Spread

The cause of AIDS is primarily HIV or the Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus replicates itself into the human body by inserting a copy of its DNA into the human host cells. Due to such property and capability of the virus, it is also known as a retrovirus. The host cells in which the HIV resides are the WBCs (White Blood Cells) that are the part of the Human Immune system.

HIV destroys the WBCs and weakens the human immune system. The weakening of the immune system affects an individual’s ability to fight diseases in time. For example, a cut or a wound takes much more time to heal or the blood to clot. In some cases, the wound never heals.

HIV majorly transmits in one of the three ways – Blood, Pre-natal and Sexual transmission. Transfusion of HIV through blood has been very common during the initial time of its spread. But nowadays all the developed and developing countries have stringent measures to check the blood for infection before transfusing. Usage of shared needles also transmits HIV from an infected person to a healthy individual.

As part of sexual transmission, HIV transfers through body fluids while performing sexual activity. HIV can easily be spread from an infected person to a healthy person if they perform unprotective sexual intercourse through oral, genital or rectal parts.

Pre-natal transmission implies that an HIV infected mother can easily pass the virus to her child during pregnancy, breastfeeding or even during delivery of the baby.

AIDS – Symptoms

Since HIV attacks and infects the WBCs of the human body, it lowers the overall immune system of the human body and resulting in the infected individual, vulnerable to any other disease or minor infection. The incubation period for AIDS is much longer as compared to other diseases. It takes around 0-12 years for the symptoms to appear promptly.

Few of the common symptoms of AIDS include fever , fatigue, loss of weight, dysentery, swollen nodes, yeast infection, and herpes zoster. Due to weakened immunity, the infectious person falls prey to some of the uncommon infections namely persistent fever, night sweating, skin rashes, lesions in mouth and more.

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AIDS – Treatment, and Prevention

Till date, no treatment or cure is available for curing AIDS, and as a result, it is a life-threatening disease. As a practice by medical practitioners, the best way to curb its spread is antiretroviral therapy or ART. It is a drug therapy which prevents HIV from replicating and hence slows down its progress. It is always advisable to start the treatment at the earliest to minimize the damage to the immune system. But again, it is just a measure and doesn’t guarantee the cure of AIDS.

AIDS prevention lies in the process of curbing its spread. One should regularly and routinely get tested for HIV. It is important for an individual to know his/her own and partner’s HIV status, before performing any sexual intercourse activity. One should always practice safe sex. Use of condoms by males during sexual intercourse is a must and also one should restrict oneself on the number of partners he/she is having sex with.

One should not addict himself/herself to banned substances and drugs. One should keep away from the non-sterilized needles or razors.  Multiple awareness drives by the UN, local government bodies and various nonprofit organizations have reduced the risk of spread by making the people aware of the AIDS – spread and prevention.

Life for an individual becomes hell after being tested positive for AIDS. It is not only the disease but also the social stigma and discrimination, felling of being not loved and being hated acts as a slow poison. We need to instill the belief among them, through our love and care, that the HIV positive patients can still lead a long and healthy life.

Though AIDS is a disease, which cannot be cured or eradicated from society, the only solution to AIDS lies in its prevention and awareness. We must have our regular and periodical health checkup so that we don’t fall prey to such deadly diseases. We must also encourage and educate others to do the same. With the widespread awareness about the disease, much fewer adults and children are dying of AIDS. The only way to fight the AIDS disease is through creating awareness.

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HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures Essay

Introduction.

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus that causes AIDS. The disease is a threat to many individuals worldwide as it affects people despite their age. The virus spreads mainly through unprotected sexual contact with infected victims. Blood transfusions and positive pregnant mothers can easily infect the unborn during birth.

Preventive care is, therefore, necessary to reduce the cases of people acquiring the virus. Awareness of the virus is critical since illiteracy contributes significantly to its spread. This essay discusses the HIV-AIDS disease based on its symptoms, cure, treatment, and safety measures to be taken to reduce the infection rate.

HIV mainly attacks and destroys the immune system, making it vulnerable to attack from another disease. In its prolonged stage, it leads to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Globally, it has affected many individuals, causing a burden to the World Health Organization in its effort to fight the pandemic. Statistics from the WHO indicate that 38 million people have tested positive, and many reside in the Sub-Saharan areas (Healthpecial, 2023). The vulnerable and marginalized populations are not excluded and include sex workers and transgender.

The commonly preferred treatment currently is antiretroviral therapy, which suppresses the virus and improves the immunity of affected patients. However, despite the ART, many challenges like adherence and access have been experienced due to insufficient finances (Healthpecial, 2023). Accompanied side effects, including cancer and liver damage, make the intake of the drugs burdensome.

Recently, developments have been made for HIV cures by scientists, giving hope for a long-term solution. The concept of gene editing and bone marrow transplant are aimed at removing target HIV-related genes. Alternatively, stem cell transplants in hospital settings have been developed to lower the virus spread. Vaccine invention and corresponding immunotherapies are other methodologies that have been realized.

Despite these trials, the health sector has experienced many barriers while trying to get a cure. The complicated nature of the virus makes it difficult to eliminate it entirely from the system. It can manifest itself in the DNA cells and develop resistance to treatments. A variety of HIV strains exists, requiring many alternative treatment modes, giving the researchers complex tasks. The two types of the virus include HIV-1, which is more common, and HIV-2 (Healthpecial, 2023).

Additionally, political, social, and economic problems create difficulties in controlling the pandemic. Discrimination and stigma in society have lowered the self-esteem of many patients, making it difficult to support and provide healthcare services. Economically, the costs associated with the treatment and therapies are high; hence, some individuals fail to get ARTs.

Clinicians and researchers are working on ways to solve these problems. Firstly, they focus on coming up with less toxic and targeted treatments to improve patient adherence and lower side effects (Healthpecial, 2023). Another methodology involves a combination of therapies that adopt multiple medications to enhance resistance to drugs after long-term usage. Other efforts to improve the treatment and access to medication in marginalized areas will ensure equality in healthcare by promoting universal care.

In summary, HIV-AIDS is a virus that can be controlled by taking the prescribed ART to improve the immunity system. Patients who have tested positive should not be discriminated against or isolated from society since their lives matter. They should be encouraged and given love so that they feel like they are part of the community. Despite the many challenges associated with the pandemic, the research approaches used by clinicians are aimed at coming up with a future solution to the virus.

Healthpecial. (2023). HIV cure latest news 2023 . [Video]. YouTube. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2024, October 11). HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures. https://ivypanda.com/essays/hiv-aids-overview-symptoms-treatments-and-future-cures/

"HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures." IvyPanda , 11 Oct. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/hiv-aids-overview-symptoms-treatments-and-future-cures/.

IvyPanda . (2024) 'HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures'. 11 October.

IvyPanda . 2024. "HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures." October 11, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/hiv-aids-overview-symptoms-treatments-and-future-cures/.

1. IvyPanda . "HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures." October 11, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/hiv-aids-overview-symptoms-treatments-and-future-cures/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . "HIV-AIDS Overview: Symptoms, Treatments, and Future Cures." October 11, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/hiv-aids-overview-symptoms-treatments-and-future-cures/.

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