difference between phd and doctorate in psychology

• October 11, 2023
• Education Advice

Ph.D. vs. Doctorate: What are the Differences?

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For those who have a deep-seated attitude, pursuing a doctoral degree can be a tough yet beneficial journey. Currently enrolled in a doctorate program means that a person has already scooched over college admissions, went through high stake tests and exams, and finished all those research papers and long hours spent in university libraries hitting the books. While studying for a doctorate entails asserting oneself to an extensive amount of quality time and money , its significance and purpose usually pave the way to a lucrative end.

After having finished the Master’s Degree , students begin to think about their next step in their academic career. Then, paradoxically, while navigating through academia, they find themselves baffled by the immense terms and terminologies used to label specific degrees. Because the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are somehow interlocked and overlap, and because “PhD” is sometimes used inconsistently, it can lead to considerable confusion. Ph.D. vs. Doctorate? You might wonder what their difference is, and why they are important. E xplaining what each of these terms stands for, the difference between them, and why they are valuable, can help you steer yourself down the right path from the outset.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

At first glance, it is pretty easy to confuse these two terms. But it is important for everyone to be able to make a distinction between the two. In this article, we will discuss the difference between Ph.D. and Doctorate in detail in order to get rid of any confusion you may have. In the academic world, the terms Doctorate and Ph.D. are currently used interchangeably. Both of them are the top cap of the ladder. However, a doctorate is mostly used as an umbrella term covering many fields ranging from professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines.

A Ph.D. or Doctor of Philosophy, on the other hand, is a subcategory of a doctoral degree, it is much more distinct and clear-cut and is usually narrower in nature encompassing only humanities and scientific fields. In plain English, when someone says they are enrolling on a doctoral degree, it means they are doing a Ph.D. in a specific field. So, technically, in common parlance, there is no difference between the two terms.

But at the other end of the spectrum, one should be careful not to confuse a professional doctoral degree with a Ph.D. The former is more practical and is designed to prepare students to apply existing knowledge to find solutions to real-life problems and has a direct application to a particular profession.

A Ph.D. is theoretical by nature and is more academic and research-focused. it is often fixed on disseminating knowledge by conducting authentic research which means reviewing and identifying gaps in current literature and evaluating the relevance of existing and emerging theories within a particular field.

What Is a Ph.D. Degree and Why Should You Go for It?

Students who acquire a Ph.D. are justly proud — they wear it as a badge of identity in the academic elite. Traditionally, a Ph.D. was associated with teaching, which from Latin licentia docendi meant “license to teach”. However, the concept of Ph.D. has been on shifting sands nowadays and has become a more general term that isn’t necessarily confined to teaching only.

The Value of a PhD

Obtaining a Ph.D. helps you capitalize on the emerging academic opportunities making you more easily identifiable to employers or businesses seeking to fill professional, higher-level job positions. Many of these career options, conversely, are not available to those who do not belong to the Ph.D. club. While pursuing a Ph.D. requires devoting a tremendous effort and time and making significant personal sacrifices pushing the boundaries of knowledge, it’s all in service of the area of study you’re most passionate and zealous about. Ultimately, once you’ve attained your Ph.D., you will have achieved the pinnacle of education— something not too many people have or are able to accomplish.

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A Guide to Choosing and Applying to Ph.D. Programs

Learn everything you need to know about selecting and applying to Ph.D. programs. Learn tips and tricks for a successful application and find your ideal program today!

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctoral or doctorate degree is usually the most advanced degree one can earn in an academic discipline. Many pursue a doctorate degree to increase their professional credibility, be acknowledged as an expert in a specific field, and improve their resume.

A doctorate degree is a graduate-level credential that is usually earned after multiple years of graduate school. Earning a doctoral degree requires a significant level of research and work. In order to get this degree, one has to research a subject thoroughly, conduct new research and analysis, and provide a solution or interpretation into the field. But what types of doctoral degrees are available?

Types of Doctorate Degrees

There are two categories of doctorate degrees: an academic degree and a professional doctorate degree. An academic degree focuses on research, data analysis, and the evaluation of theory. A professional doctorate degree, on the other hand, is considered a terminal degree, which means that one has achieved the most advanced degree in the field. This degree is specifically designed for working professionals who want to grow in their careers.

Professional Doctorate Degrees

A professional doctorate is designed for working professionals who have experience in the field and want to increase their knowledge, improve their credibility, and advance their careers. This degree focuses on applying research to practical issues, coming up with interpretation and solutions, as well as designing effective professional practices within a particular field.

Professional doctoral degrees include:

Doctor of Business Administration (DBA)

The DBA degree is ideal for students who already have a general business background and are interested in delving deeper into the practical and theoretical aspects that underpin business education. More to the point, in DBA you will develop the ability to solve real-life problems, discover the relevant expertise to innovate and uphold complex business issues and so much more. Upon completion, DBA students will possess enhanced leadership and strategic skills as well as the tools to propel their careers in today’s marketplace. The Business Administration industry is keen on finding such graduates with business skills and this is indicated by the immense job positions currently available.

Doctor of Education (Ed.D.)

If you are interested in setting your eyes on creating lifelong learning among your students, making a positive influence in educational culture, contributing to the growing body of research in the education realm , or just enhancing your subject matter expertise, the Doctor of Education program ticks all the boxes. This degree maintains a rigorous approach in academic education that prepares graduates to showcase the skills and expertise to devise solutions in tackling the challenges in contemporary education practice and become transformational leaders in the industry.

Doctor of Computer Science (DCS)

The demand for computer scientists has reached its peak and it is among the most sought-after positions nowadays. With a degree in DCS, you will have the opportunity to design, apply innovative experiments, predict trends and, ultimately, develop a richer understanding and contribute to your area of expertise. After all, who doesn’t want an exciting and financially stable career?

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Doctor of Medicine (M.D.)

The Doctor of Medicine degree is designed to prepare you for various medical challenges in different settings nationally and internationally. This program will further develop your critical thinking and clinical reasoning skills required for safe, high-quality medical practices. It will also improve your leadership, communication, and teamwork skills for collaborative patient care.

Doctor of Optometry (O.D.)

This professional degree typically requires four years of study. It focuses on basic biological sciences such as anatomy and physiology, microbiology, neuroanatomy, and so on. This doctoral degree will prepare, educate, and train professionals to practice at the highest level of proficiency, professionalism, and integrity.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The Doctoral of Psychology degree concentrates on the clinical and applied aspects of psychology. This type of doctorate prepares students for professional practice and clinical placement. This degree will be highly beneficial when working directly with patients who need psychology services. In addition, this degree allows doctors of psychology to confidently function as researchers and clinicians.

How to Choose a Ph.D. Program?

Choosing a Ph.D. program can be pretty challenging; it is a big academic decision and investment that requires commitment and perseverance. But how can you pick the right Ph.D. program for you? Well, there are some tips to help you choose the best fit for your goals and preferences:

• Think about the reasons why you want a Ph.D., what you expect to gain from it, and whether it is compatible with your professional goals.
• Consider your research environment.
• Take your time to research, compare, and consider multiple opportunities carefully.
• Pick a subject that interests and motivates you but is also practical.
• Ask your professors and other scholars in the field for advice.

All in all, the terms “Doctorate’’ and “Ph.D.” are in essence the same, which means all Ph.D. students are Doctoral students as well. On the other hand, earning a Ph.D. degree is no joke. If anything, Ph.D. students have the tenacity, patience, persistence, and years of hard work that you can vouch for. Ultimately, deciding what type of doctoral degree you should hop on, depends on your career goals, what you are passionate about and how you are going to achieve it.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a doctorate and a ph.d..

In academic contexts, the terms “Doctorate” and “Ph.D.” are often used interchangeably, but there is a distinction. A Doctorate is an umbrella term covering a wide range of fields, including professional degrees, humanities, and scientific disciplines. A Ph.D., or Doctor of Philosophy, is a specific type of doctoral degree, typically focused on research and academic pursuits in the humanities and scientific fields.

Why should I pursue a Ph.D.?

Pursuing a Ph.D. can be a valuable endeavor, as it opens up academic and research opportunities, enhances your expertise in a specific field, and makes you more attractive to employers seeking candidates for high-level positions. It’s a chance to push the boundaries of knowledge and become an expert in your chosen study area.

What are the benefits of a professional doctorate?

Professional doctorate degrees, such as Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) or Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), are designed for working professionals who want to apply research to practical issues in their field. These degrees can enhance your career prospects, leadership skills, and problem-solving abilities within your profession.

How do I choose the right Ph.D. program?

To choose the right Ph.D. program, consider your career goals, research environment, and personal interests. Take your time to research and compare programs, seek advice from professors and experts in your field, and ensure that the program aligns with your professional aspirations.

What are the main differences between academic and professional doctorate degrees?

Academic doctorate degrees focus on research, theory evaluation, and data analysis, often leading to careers in academia or research. Professional doctorate degrees are more practical, designed for working professionals, and concentrate on applying research to real-world problems within a specific field.

Can I earn a Ph.D. in any field?

Ph.D. programs are available in various fields, including humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, engineering, and more. However, the specific availability of Ph.D. programs may vary by field and university.

Is a Ph.D. a challenging journey?

Yes, pursuing a Ph.D. can be a challenging journey that requires dedication, patience, and years of hard work. It involves conducting original research, writing a dissertation, and often teaching or assisting in courses. It’s a significant commitment, but it can be highly rewarding.

What are the potential career opportunities after earning a Ph.D.?

With a Ph.D., you can pursue careers in academia as a professor or researcher, work in research and development roles in various industries, or take on leadership positions in organizations. The specific career path will depend on your field of study and personal interests.

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Doctorate in Psychology (Ph.D. and Psy.D.) – everything you need to know in 2024

What’s in this guide, ph.d. or psy.d., why do a doctorate in psychology, entry requirements, phd in psychology jobs, how long does it take to study, is a doctorate program all theory/studying, career path, earning potential , find psychology doctorate degree programs.

By PsychologyJobs.com Staff Writer

A doctorate in psychology is the highest level of graduate degree in the field. As a result, there are lots of career options to choose from, including research roles, and clinical roles.

There are many reasons you may want to pursue a doctorate degree in Psychology, the following guide will provide everything you need to know; from the options, costs, timeframes, career advantages and more.

First up, what are the two types of doctorate degree you can get and what are the differences?

The two doctorate degrees you can get in psychology are Ph.D. and Psy.D.

In simple terms, a Ph.D. in psychology is more research-focused, while a Psy.D. emphasizes clinical practice. The best choice between the two depends on your career goals and whether you prefer research and academia or direct clinical work.

• Doctorate-level psychologists typically have higher earning potential compared to those with a master’s degree or bachelor’s degree in the field.
• Gain in-depth knowledge and expertise in your chosen area of specialization within psychology.
• Potentially make significant contributions to the field.
• Advanced career opportunities in various settings, such as academia, research institutions, government agencies, hospitals, and private practice.
• Connect with other professionals, researchers, and academics in the field of psychology, expanding your professional network

The minimum requirements to study a doctorate degree in psychology will vary from institution to institution. However, there are several common requirements:

• Bachelor’s degree:  all programs require applicants to have completed a  bachelor’s degree , in psychology or a related field. Some programs may accept candidates with a degree in another discipline if they have completed prerequisite coursework in psychology.
• Master’s degree : Some doctoral programs require applicants to have a  master’s degree in psychology  or a related field. Others may admit students directly from their bachelor’s degree and incorporate a master’s degree into the doctorate program.
• GPA : Many programs have a minimum GPA requirement, usually 3.0 or higher. Some competitive programs require a higher GPA.
• Letters of recommendation : Applicants typically need to submit letters of recommendation from professors or professionals who can speak to their academic and research abilities.
• Research experience : Prior research experience is often valued by doctoral programs in psychology. This may include experience working on research projects, completing a thesis, or participating in research internships or assistantships.
• Personal statement:  Applicants usually need to submit a personal statement or statement of purpose that outlines their academic and research interests, career goals, and why they are interested in the specific doctoral program.
• Addiction Counselor
• ABA Therapist
• Mental Health Therapist
• Licensed Mental Health Conselor
• Licensed Professional Counselor
• Licensed Clinical Social Worker
• Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
• School Psychologist
• Organizational Psychologist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Sports Psychologist
• Clinical Psychologist
• Counseling Psychologist
• Research Psychologist
• Professor of Psychology
• Child Psychologist

*Outside of the licensed psychologist jobs listed above many of the above roles  do not require  a PhD but it is important to note that employers for these roles are increasingly favoring candidates with a PhD. 

For the majority of students, a doctorate in Psychology may take anywhere from 4-7 years to finish, which will include a research dissertation and most likely residency or an internship in clinical or medical environments.

No. Psy.D. and Ph.D. programs in clinical or counseling psychology usually require students to complete a pre-doctoral internship as part of their training.

This internship typically lasts one year and involves supervised clinical practice in various settings, such as hospitals, mental health clinics, or community agencies.

The internship experience is intended to provide students with practical, hands-on training in their chosen area of specialization and help them develop the skills necessary for independent practice.

For Ph.D. programs in other areas of psychology, such as experimental, social, or  developmental psychology , internships or practicum experiences may be less common or not required. Instead, these programs may emphasize research experience and skills development.

With a PHD in psychology, you have a whole host of options when it comes to your career. With this kind of degree, you can work in specialty areas of psychology, depending on your studies and particular interests, or you can work as a researcher, an educational consultant, a forensic psychologist, political strategist, staff psychologist, private psychologist, professor of psychology, psychiatrist, or a clinical psychologist.

The earning potential for psychologists with doctoral degrees or PHDs can vary greatly depending on the specific specialty of psychology in which they work. General psychologists may earn around $90,000 a year, with the average salary around $84,000 per year.

On the other hand, clinical, counseling and school psychologists with PHDs tend to earn around $81,000 per year. The highest paying psychology careers can average up to $167,000, so studying a PHD in psychology will be worth it in the long run when it comes to career prospects.

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How to Decide Between a Ph.D. or Psy.D. in Psychology

Psychology Doctorates Have Different Focus

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• Ph.D., Developmental Psychology, Fordham University
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If you plan to study psychology at the graduate level, you've got options. Both Ph.D . and Psy.D. degrees are doctoral degrees in psychology. However, they differ in history, emphasis, and logistics.

Psy.D. Degree Has an Emphasis on Practice

The Ph.D. in psychology has been around for well over 100 years, but the Psy.D., or doctorate of psychology degree is much newer. The Psy.D. degree became popular in the early 1970s, created as a professional degree, much like that for a lawyer. It trains graduates for applied work — in this case, therapy. The Ph.D. is a research degree, yet many students seek a doctoral degree in psychology to practice and do not plan to conduct research.

Therefore, the Psy.D. is intended to prepare graduates for careers as practicing psychologists. The Psy.D. offers a great deal of training in therapeutic techniques and many supervised experiences, but there is less of an emphasis on research than in Ph.D. programs.

As a graduate from a Psy.D. program, you can expect to excel in practice-related knowledge and experience. You will also become familiar with research methodology, read research articles, learn about research findings, and be able to apply research findings to your work. Essentially, Psy.D. graduates are trained to be consumers of research-based knowledge.

Ph.D. Degree Has an Emphasis on Research

Ph.D. programs are designed to train psychologists to not only understand and apply research but also to conduct it. Ph.D. psychology graduates are trained to be creators of research-based knowledge. Ph.D. programs range in the emphasis they place on research and practice.

Some programs emphasize creating scientists. In these programs, students spend most of their time on research and much less time on practice-related activities. In fact, these programs discourage students from engaging in therapeutic practice. While Psy.D. programs emphasize creating practitioners, many Ph.D. programs combine both the scientist and practitioner models . They create scientist-practitioners — graduates who are competent researchers as well as practitioners.

If you're considering a degree in psychology, keep in mind these distinctions so that you apply to programs that are appropriate to your interests and goals. Ultimately, if you think you might want to engage in research or teach at a college at some point in your career, you should consider a Ph.D. over a Psy.D. because the research training provides more flexibility in career options .

Funding of the Respective Programs

Generally speaking, Ph.D. programs offer more funding than do Psy.D. programs. Most students who obtain a Psy.D. pay for their degrees with loans. Ph.D. programs, on the other hand, often have faculty members with research grants who can afford to hire students to work with them — and they often offer some combination of tuition and a stipend. Not all Ph.D. students are awarded funding, but you are more likely to get funding in a Ph.D. program.

Time to Degree

Generally speaking, Psy.D. students finish their graduate programs in less time than do Ph.D. students. A Psy.D. requires a specific number of years of coursework and practice, as well as a dissertation that usually requires students to apply research to a given problem or analyze the research literature. A Ph.D. also requires a specific number of years of coursework and practice, but the dissertation is a more cumbersome project because it requires that students devise, conduct, write, and defend a research study that will make an original contribution to academic literature. That could take an extra year or two — or more — than a Psy.D.

Which Is Right For You?

Both the Psy.D. ​and Ph.D. are doctoral degrees in psychology. Which one you choose depends on your career goals — whether you prefer a career solely in practice  or one in research or a combination of research and practice.

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Understanding Doctorate Degrees in Psychology: PsyD vs. PhD in Psychology

Whether you’ve recently earned your master’s degree in psychology or are simply looking to learn more about academic paths with higher education in psychology, it’s worth exploring doctoral-level psychology programs. This is an exciting stage where you can further your knowledge, specialize in your chosen field, and embark on a rewarding journey of academic and professional growth. Every year, over 6000 students in the US earn their doctorate degrees in psychology, according to data from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) . Before making any decisions, it’s important to understand the distinct paths available to you: The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) and the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology .

In this article, we’ll dive into relevant information on doctoral-level psychology programs, uncovering the differences between PsyD and PhD offerings. Our goal is to provide you, as a prospective student, with the insights needed to make an informed decision that aligns with your academic and career objectives. 

Who Should Get a Doctorate in Psychology?

While it can prove to be a valuable investment, take your time when you evaluate whether or not a doctorate in psychology is right for you. If you have a strong interest in clinical practice, counseling, or applied psychology, a doctorate program can provide:

• Advanced training and specialized skills to excel in these areas
• Opportunities to make a positive impact on individuals’ lives
• Preparation for leadership roles in the field

Doctorate degrees in psychology are ideal for those who :

• Embrace lifelong learning and personal growth
• Possess genuine curiosity about human behavior
• Are dedicated to advancing the field and improving mental health care
• Aspire to become research scholars and contribute to the scientific community
• Seek to push the boundaries of knowledge in a specific subfield of psychology

Whether you aim to conduct groundbreaking research or apply psychological principles in practical settings, a doctorate degree in psychology offers a pathway to deepening your expertise and making a meaningful impact in the dynamic field of psychology.

What is a PsyD?

The Doctor of Psychology is a professional doctorate degree in psychology that emphasizes the practical application of psychological knowledge and skills. Unlike other doctoral programs, PsyD programs are focused on training students for professional practice, rather than research and academia. The primary goal of a PsyD program is to provide students with the practical expertise necessary to become competent and skilled practitioners in various areas of applied psychology. 

The curriculum of a PsyD program typically includes coursework in assessment and intervention techniques, therapeutic approaches, ethics, and professional conduct. Through a PsyD, you gain hands-on experience from supervised clinical placements, allowing you to apply your knowledge in real-world settings. In addition, completing a doctoral project or dissertation, often with a clinical focus, is a common requirement in PsyD programs. 

A doctorate degree in psychology is generally required to practice as a clinical psychologist in most states. PsyD degree programs are designed to arm you with the expertise and practical skills to work in advanced research or challenging clinical settings.

How Long Does it Take to Get a PsyD?

The time it takes to get a PsyD can vary depending on various factors, such as the program requirements, the student’s pace, and the type of degree they hold before starting the program. On average, PsyD programs take anywhere between 4 to 6 years to complete depending on factors such as your prior academic experience, coursework, and career objectives.

Related: How Long Does it Take to Become a Psychologist?

What is a PhD in Psychology?

A PhD in Psychology is a doctoral degree that offers a comprehensive and research-focused approach to the field of psychology. This rigorous program prepares individuals to become experts in the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. 

With a PhD in Psychology, you can aim to pursue various career paths. In academia, you can become a professor, teaching and mentoring future psychologists while conducting groundbreaking research in your area of expertise. As a researcher, you can work in academic institutions, government agencies, or private research organizations, exploring new frontiers in psychology and contributing to the scientific community’s understanding of human behavior and mental processes. 

Additionally, a PhD in Psychology can open doors to high-level positions in clinical and counseling settings, where you can apply your expertise to provide evidence-based interventions and contribute to developing best practices in the field. Overall, a PhD in Psychology offers a comprehensive and rigorous education that equips you with the knowledge to become an opinion leader in the field of psychology.

A PhD program can help you build research-oriented skills such as conducting literature reviews, designing experiments or studies, collecting and analyzing data, and interpreting research findings.  The curriculum initially covers core areas of psychology, such as cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, social psychology, psychopathology, etc., and then helps prepare you for a career in your chosen specialization. 

In addition to coursework and research, PhD programs often include teaching experiences. Students may have the opportunity to serve as teaching assistants, helping instruct undergraduate courses and gain valuable teaching skills.

How Long Does it Take to Get a PhD in Psychology?

The time required to earn a PhD in Psychology can vary depending on several factors, including the specific program, the student’s area of specialization, the nature of their research, and their individual progress. On average, it takes approximately 5 to 7 years (sometimes even more) to earn a PhD in Psychology.

Differences between PsyD and PhD in Psychology

The table below highlights the primary differences between both these doctorate degrees in psychology:

Similarities between PsyD and PhD in Psychology

Broadly, there are quite a lot of similarities between PsyD programs and PhD programs in psychology. The main similarities to note are:

• Both degrees qualify individuals for clinical practice and therapy.
• Both degrees make you eligible to apply for licensure as a practicing psychologist.
• Both degrees develop research skills and build knowledge and skill sets that can be applied to either clinical practice or education.
• Both degrees can lead to careers in research, academia, or clinical practice.
• Both often have similar specializations, letting students focus on their areas of interest in psychology.

General Requirements for Doctoral Programs in Psychology

When considering doctorate degrees in psychology, there are certain general requirements that aspiring students should be aware of. Here’s an overview of these requirements:

Educational Background A bachelor’s degree in psychology or a related field is typically required for admission. You can also pursue a doctorate if you already have your master’s in psychology, and in some cases, this may help you graduate sooner. Some programs may have specific prerequisites or recommend coursework in areas like statistics or research methods.

Academic Performance Some programs have a minimum GPA (Grade Point Average) requirement for consideration, often somewhere. (Do your best to maintain a GPA between 2.5 to 4.0.!)

Standardized Tests Many programs require scores from standardized tests, such as the GRE (Graduate Record Examination). The GRE subject test in psychology may also be recommended or required by some programs. But there’s good news – the duration of the GRE has been reduced significantly (a GRExit if you will).

Letters of Recommendation Many programs ask for letters of recommendation from professors, mentors, or professionals who can speak to your academic abilities and potential for success in graduate studies.

Personal Statement Students are typically required to submit a personal statement outlining their goals, research interests, and reasons for pursuing a doctoral degree in psychology.

Research Experience Prior research experience, such as working in a lab or conducting independent studies, can strengthen an application. Some programs may specifically require or strongly value research experience.

Interviews Certain programs may conduct interviews as part of the selection process to assess a candidate’s fit for the program. 

Before enrolling for a doctorate in psychology, you should carefully review the specific requirements and application guidelines of each program you’re interested in, as these requirements can vary. Adhering to the program’s guidelines and demonstrating strong qualifications can increase the likelihood of your admission to the best doctoral programs in psychology.

Popular Doctoral Specializations in Psychology

Most PsyD programs and PhD programs in psychology let you specialize in your desired sub-field. While the focus and curriculum may differ, both programs tend to offer the same areas of specialization. Here’s a brief overview of some of the popular specializations you can pursue with a doctorate degree in psychology, and what they entail:

Clinical Psychology

This specialization focuses on the assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of mental disorders and psychological distress. Clinical psychologists often work in healthcare settings, private practice, or academic institutions.

Cognitive Psychology

Cognitive psychology examines mental processes such as attention, memory, perception, and problem-solving. Researchers in this field investigate how individuals acquire, process, and use information.

Developmental Psychology

Developmental psychology explores human development across the lifespan, examining how individuals change physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially. This specialization often involves studying topics like child development, adolescent psychology, and aging.

Social Psychology

Social psychology investigates how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social interactions and group dynamics. Researchers in this field study topics such as attitudes, social cognition, interpersonal relationships, and group behavior.

Neuropsychology

Neuropsychology focuses on understanding the relationship between brain function and behavior. It involves studying how brain injuries, diseases, or disorders impact cognitive processes, emotions, and behavior.

Industrial-Organizational Psychology

This specialization applies psychological principles to workplace settings, addressing issues such as employee motivation, job satisfaction, leadership, team dynamics, and organizational development.

Health Psychology

Health psychology examines the psychological factors that influence physical health and well-being. Researchers in this field study topics like stress, health behavior, coping mechanisms, and the impact of psychological factors on illness and recovery.

Forensic Psychology

Forensic psychology combines psychology and the legal system. It involves applying psychological knowledge to criminal investigations, evaluating witness testimony, assessing competency, and providing expert testimony in legal proceedings.

Educational Psychology

Educational psychology focuses on the study of learning, teaching, and instructional methods. This specialization explores topics such as educational assessment, motivation, instructional design, and the psychological factors that influence academic achievement. It can lead to rewarding careers in education for psych graduates .

Sports Psychology

Sports Psychology focuses on the psychological aspects of sports and athletic performance. With this specialization, you can study topics such as motivation, confidence, goal-setting, mental preparation, and the impact of psychological factors on athletic performance. Sports psychologists work with athletes to enhance their mental skills, develop resilience, manage stress, and optimize performance. Through the application of psychological principles, sports psychology aims to improve athletes’ overall well-being, mental toughness, and ability to perform at their best in competitive sports settings.

Related: Alternative Careers for Psych Majors

Counseling Psychology

Counseling psychology emphasizes helping individuals address personal and emotional challenges, improve mental health, and enhance overall well-being. Professionals in this field often work in counseling centers, educational institutions, or private practice.

These are just a few examples of popular doctorate-level psychology specializations. It’s important to note that the availability of specific specializations may vary among institutions. When considering a doctoral program, it’s beneficial to research the programs offered and ensure they align with your interests and career goals.

These specializations allow students to develop expertise in specific areas of applied and research-oriented psychology, enabling them to make a significant impact in their chosen fields. By tailoring your education to your interests and career goals, you can pursue rewarding careers aligned with your passions and contribute to the well-being of individuals and communities and the field of psychology as a whole.

Potential Benefits of Pursuing Doctorate Degrees in Psychology

A doctorate in psychology can open up a world of exciting opportunities. It allows you to dive deeper into the intricacies of the human mind, make a meaningful impact in people’s lives, and contribute to the ever-evolving field of psychology. If you choose to pursue a doctorate degree in psychology, here are a few potential benefits to consider:

Advanced Expertise With a doctorate, you gain extensive knowledge and specialized skills in your chosen area of psychology. It can set you up to become a true expert in your field.

Career Advancement Having a doctorate in psychology can pave the way for career advancement. It can equip you with the knowledge and skills you need for various academic positions, research roles, consulting gigs, and even leadership positions.

Research Opportunities If you have a passion for research, a doctorate allows you to dive into high-level investigations. You can contribute to the scientific community, conduct groundbreaking studies, publish your findings, and present at prestigious conferences.

Clinical Impact A doctorate in psychology can lead to licensure as a psychologist, enabling you to provide therapy, counseling, and clinical services. You can build skills that can help you make a positive difference in people’s lives by helping them navigate their mental health challenges. You can contribute to addressing mental health issues, advocating for change, and improving the overall well-being of individuals, families, and communities.

Professional Recognition Earning a doctorate shows your dedication and achievement in the field. It earns you respect and recognition among your peers and professionals in academia and psychology-related industries.

Personal Growth Pursuing a doctorate is not just about academics; it’s a transformative journey. It challenges your thinking, enhances your critical skills, and promotes personal growth, leading to a deeper understanding of human behavior.

So, if you’re ready to embark on a rewarding and fulfilling career path, a doctorate in psychology is your ticket to making a difference and unlocking meaningful opportunities in the fascinating field of psychology.

Pursuing a doctorate degree in psychology can lead to rewarding careers for those passionate about the subject. Whether you choose the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) or the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) path, both offer unique opportunities for growth and specialization. 

The PsyD program focuses on practical application and clinical practice, equipping students to become skilled practitioners in various areas of applied psychology. On the other hand, the PhD in Psychology emphasizes research, theory development, and academia, preparing individuals to become experts in the scientific study of human behavior.

The decision to pursue doctorate degrees in psychology should be carefully considered, aligning with your interests, career aspirations, and passion for advancing the field. They require dedication, commitment, and a genuine curiosity about human behavior. There are many benefits to earning doctorate degrees in psychology, as they not only equip you with advanced expertise and potential career advancement, but also offer the opportunity to make a positive impact on individuals’ lives and contribute to the scientific community’s understanding of the mind.

Besides our own blog, for more in-depth information on psychology, including intricate details about specific career paths, sub-fields, and academic papers, here are a few resources you can visit:

• Psychology Today
• Frontiers in Psychology
• American Psychological Association (APA)
• Association for Psychological Science (APS)
• Society for Personality and Social Psychology (SPSP)
• Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP)
• National Association of School Psychologists (NASP)
• International Association for Correctional and Forensic Psychologists (IACFP)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can you get a phd without a master’s in psychology.

Yes, it is possible to get into a PhD program without a master’s degree, but some PhD programs may require work or internship experience in addition to a bachelor’s degree. The requirements vary from program to program.

Is it difficult to get admission to PhD and PsyD programs?

PhD and PsyD programs are often highly competitive. On-campus programs can be even more challenging to get into, as they often have limited spots and offer competitive funding and assistantship positions. To improve your chances, it’s advisable to aim for a strong academic record with a high GPA.

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The Differences Between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD

Written by Jennifer Cione-Kroeschel

Mental health professionals looking to further their education in the field have two major degrees to choose from: A PhD in Psychology, which is a Doctor of Philosophy degree, and a PsyD, which is Doctor of Psychology degree. They sound nearly the same, so what is the difference between a PhD and PsyD?

Do psychologists have a PhD or PsyD? Well, either, but an increasing number of psychologists in clinical practice or who see patients in a traditional therapy setting are earning a PsyD. In order to be a psychologist, you need a doctoral-level degree in the field, which both of these are, but a PsyD is more oriented toward becoming a practicing clinician. However, most PhDs also go on to work with clients in a clinical setting and apply their specialized research and knowledge to providing therapy for the specific issues they study.

In the end, both satisfy the requirements for full authority licensure and neither limits you from clinical practice or research work, but the training in a PhD is a bit more traditionally oriented to academia while the PsyD focuses more narrowly on clinical practice.

What Is a PhD in Psychology?

A PhD in Psychology is a doctorate degree designed to lead to the development of new information in the field, though it can just as well be used to go into clinical practice. Someone who holds a PhD, though, will be well prepared to teach psychology or work with other researchers on experimental trials and studies. The goal of having a PhD in Psychology is to advance the knowledge of mental health issues as well as the methods used to treat them.

While it used to be the only doctoral level degree in the field, now that a PsyD is available, a PhD is beginning to be viewed a bit more as being better suited for people who want to go into psychology education, clinical trials, or research.

But ultimately, pursuing a PhD in Psychology prepares students for a wide range of career opportunities in the field of psychology, whether in research, consulting, teaching, or clinical practice.

What Is a PsyD?

Professionals with a PsyD usually use their degrees to work with people who seek therapy, or for more serious clinical interventions for the severely mentally ill in psychiatric hospitals. Knowledge from the studies done in the degree program is applied to providing therapy, rather than continuing research. As opposed to a PhD, a PsyD is a more straightforward, hands-on degree for the practice of psychology.

Is someone with a PsyD a doctor? Short answer: Yes, but not a medical doctor. Anyone with a doctoral-level degree holds the title of doctor, but unless they have a medical degree, they can’t prescribe medication or conduct medical treatments. The same goes for those with a PhD in Psychology.

Earning a PsyD degree puts you on a direct path to practicing psychology in a clinical setting.

Similarities and Differences

The main difference between a PhD in Psychology and PsyD is that a PhD emphasizes research while a PsyD prepares student for practicing psychology.

PsyD programs focus on applying scientific knowledge directly to the practice of psychology, while PhD programs study the theories behind psychology. While PsyD students will have classes in human behavior, therapy, and mental health conditions, PhD candidates will have coursework like research methodology and statistical models. Although, PsyD students will still have some exposure to research and analyzing data, and PhD students will also have plenty of coursework that deals with clinical practice.

Both degrees develop research skills and build knowledge and skill sets that can be applied to either clinical practice or education. While there is overlap, there are also clear differences, like acceptance rates, cost, coursework, and common career outcomes

Things to Consider When Choosing a PhD and PsyD

Before pursing either of these degrees, some important factors need to be considered, like your interests and expectations. They’re not identical degrees, and one might be better suited to a student than the other on an individual basis.

Generally, PhD programs may be more difficult to get into and the program usually lasts between 5 and 8 years. PsyD programs, while still competitive, have a relatively higher acceptance rate and take 1-2 years fewer to complete. While tuition for both programs can be high, PhD students are often offered tuition assistance in exchange for teaching and research assistance.

Is a PsyD better than a PhD? Nobody could really make a case that a PsyD is categorically better than a PhD, but it might be a little more geared to exactly what you want to do with your career. If you really want to focus in on the application of your psychology skills working directly with clients or in a clinical setting with people suffering with more serious mental health problems, a PsyD will give you the focus you’re looking for. If you want a more traditional doctorate experience that also includes a research focus and dissertation, a PhD is the more fitting choice.

Let’s talk money. Realistically, earning potential does factor into which degree program to choose and which path to go down. It’s fair to assume that most people reading this are wondering, do PsyD or PhD make more money? The answer is that there is absolutely nothing to suggest that one or the other will result in making more money. Both PsyD and PhD graduates have the same kind of career prospects, and the same salary potential based on which career path they might take.

But there’s more to this question than just whether one or the other will result in making more money. A PsyD will typically take less time, allowing the holder to start making a salary sooner, but a PhD may have less tuition to pay back if they receive any waivers or stipends for teaching and research during the program. The amount of money either makes will depend on what type of job they choose. If a PhD becomes a tenured professor, clinician, or lead researcher at a university, in private practice, or at a medical facility. If comparing apples to apples, practicing psychologists with a PhD earn slightly more than those with a PsyD, but the difference is small.

The difference between PsyD and PhD is enough to make someone stop and think about which would be best for them, while both are valuable degrees that share similarities and can lead to rewarding careers.

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PsyD vs. PhD: Which Is Right for Me?

by Celeste Jones, PsyD, ABPP

What’s the difference between a PhD and a PsyD degree in clinical psychology ?

In short, while both degrees afford training opportunities in both research and clinical work, the curriculum is designed differently to address the following emphases:

• The Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology is a research doctorate designed to advance the knowledge base of the discipline through research and writing, typically within an academic setting.
• The Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)  is a professional doctorate designed to train psychologists for clinical practice, including providing psychotherapy, psychological assessment, and consultation in a variety of clinical settings.

View the PsyD program at George Fox University in Oregon

The Field of Clinical Psychology

There are many different career paths and areas of specialty within psychology, all aimed toward scholarship and/or service that bring psychological healing and wellness to a world that desperately needs it. For this reason, there are also many types of psychological training programs, including both clinical and non-clinical specializations.

The study of clinical psychology specifically explores the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of mental and behavioral health concerns of individuals and families , ranging from mild to severe psychopathology. Clinical psychology also includes work in consultation, training, supervision, teaching and research.

Some non-clinical psychology doctoral degrees include PhDs in social psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and experimental psychology, which are designed to develop academic scholars and researchers in these areas.

Within clinical psychology, one of the primary differentiators between training programs is the distinction between PhD (“scientist-practitioner” model) and PsyD (“practitioner-scholar” model) programs. There is considerable overlap between them in both research and clinical training, and both can be accredited by the American Psychological Association (APA) . To further complicate matters, psychologists from both types of programs are often convincing and passionate about the effectiveness of whichever they endorse.

So let’s consider the general differences between the PhD and PsyD in clinical psychology.

PhD clinical psychology programs most often use a mentor-based model of doctoral training, where a student is matched to a single research mentor who they work most closely with throughout their doctoral training. The PhD mentor is responsible to monitor their student’s academic progress and oversee the completion of their doctoral dissertation, often based on the mentor’s area of research interest.

PhD clinical psychology programs are six years long , starting with two years of course work, traditionally with 20 to 40% of course work in statistics and research. After two years of course work, there are three years of clinical practicum, the last two of which also include completion of a doctoral dissertation.

In PhD programs, there are fewer courses, with more time dedicated to research and scholarship . Year six is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. While specific rates vary, generally about half of the individuals who graduate from PhD clinical psychology programs become academics or researchers, and the other half engage in the practice of clinical psychology.

PsyD clinical psychology programs most often involve more course work than the PhD programs , aiming to focus in more depth on clinical skills and foundations needed for clinical practice in a wide range of populations and settings. Most PsyD programs match students to a research mentor to facilitate completion of the doctoral dissertation, but there is less time spent on research in general.

PsyD programs are completed in five years , with the first year dedicated to foundational course work, followed by three years of a combination of course work, clinical practicum and dissertation research. The fifth year is dedicated to completion of a year-long, full-time supervised internship. Clinical training toward service delivery is the emphasis of these training programs, with students gaining enough competency in research to be able to apply research effectively in their clinical practice.

Social Context

As psychologists are aware, social context matters immensely to one’s overall well-being, and graduate training programs in clinical psychology are no exception. Many prospective students wonder what kinds of social support are provided in graduate training programs, and PhD and PsyD programs often have different organizing structures around the training relationships students are involved in.

Traditionally, PhD programs are smaller programs , with a mentor taking one to two new students each training year.  Depending on the number of faculty in a program, there may be five to 10 students in each graduating class. With fewer courses and more limited relationships with other faculty, the most important relationship in this kind of program is with the mentor, with a second level of support coming from other students working in the same mentor’s research lab.

PsyD programs are typically a bit larger , with 20 to 50 students per graduating class.  Generally, the PsyD programs that are on the lower end of those class sizes are more likely to be “high-touch” programs, emphasizing close-knit faculty-student and community relationships as formative to the developing psychologist. With less time committed to research and more course work with various faculty, PsyD students have the opportunity to develop close relationships with many mentors  (research advisor, clinical practicum supervisors, other faculty).

Many PsyD programs also use “cohort model” training, in which an incoming student class generally takes all of their required course work together with the students they entered the program with, an intentional design to promote student relationship-building and the formation of healthy group dynamics that facilitate student learning and development.

Career Opportunities

One of the draws of gaining a doctorate in clinical psychology, whether PhD or PsyD, is the wide variety of career opportunities a clinical psychologist is equipped for.

PhD programs may have more students interested in becoming academic scholars and college faculty members (which do not necessarily require licensure), while PsyD programs may have more students interested in clinical practice and the delivery of psychological services with clients.

Within clinical service, the settings in which psychologists work include:

• Private practices
• Group practices
• Community mental health agencies
• Prisons and corrections settings
• Psychiatric inpatient treatment
• Residential treatment centers
• Primary care offices

Their work can include diagnosis, assessment and treatment of common psychological disorders such as anxiety, depression and ADHD, as well as rarer and/or more severe psychopathology such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or personality disorders (e.g., narcissistic personality disorder, borderline personality disorder).

Psychologists are often valued members of interdisciplinary teams, collaborating with primary care physicians, specialists, occupational therapists, social workers, speech and language pathologists, teachers, and other allied health professionals.

Master of Arts in Clinical Psychology

State licensure as a clinical psychologist requires completion of a doctoral degree in clinical psychology.  A few states have an option of completing additional supervision and oversight after earning a Master of Arts (MA) in Clinical Psychology degree in order to attain licensure at the master’s level, but for the most part a doctoral degree is required to practice psychology.

Licensure at the MA level most often requires additional training and supervision. This is called a “non-terminal” master’s degree, which means that the MA curriculum is not designed to meet any particular licensure requirements. Rather, the MA degree is an academic stepping stone to attaining licensure after the subsequent doctoral degree is earned.

Students typically apply to doctoral training programs that include a non-terminal MA degree – such as George Fox University’s PsyD program  – directly after earning their bachelor’s degree. Doctoral programs most often include earning an MA as part of the same program.

Financial Cost/Return on Investment

While the meaning and purpose found in a career as a clinical psychologist can be deeply satisfying, it’s also helpful for prospective students to consider salaries and costs of training. For both the PsyD and PhD, the year-long internship in the final year of training is funded, so students only take a minimal number of credits. Let’s consider the costs of the first five years (PhD) or four years (PsyD) of training.

Some PhD programs are tuition-based, but more traditional PhD programs offer grant-funded stipends  for the students working in a particular mentor’s research lab. With fewer courses and grant-funded research, funded positions in PhD programs often provide an affordable way to complete a doctorate in clinical psychology. This is important to the ongoing development of career academics and researchers whose salaries are often significantly lower than those in clinical practice, at least until later in their academic career.

While PsyD programs are tuition-based (costing upwards of $100,000 in the end), salaries in clinical practice are higher , making student loan repayment very affordable. A program’s financial aid office often has information on a program’s “default rate,” which is the percentage of students who are unable to successfully pay off their student loans – a number worth looking into prior to investing in a PsyD degree. In addition, there are federal programs like the National Health Service Corps that exchange loan repayment for graduates who work in underserved areas.

Closing Thoughts

The field of clinical psychology is a highly satisfying career, rich in meaning and purpose and providing a wide variety of career opportunities.

Once you decide to become a clinical psychologist, there are many factors to consider in determining whether a PhD or PsyD program would be the best fit. While there are many areas of overlap and both can be accredited by the APA, there are some general differences in the training models based on the training goals and curriculum design and structure.

Prospective students are encouraged to thoughtfully consider these training program attributes in determining the best fit for their graduate training aims.

Celeste Jones is the former program director for George Fox University’s PsyD program in Oregon.

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• PhD/Doctorate

The difference between a PsyD and PhD in psychology

April 25, 2017

What’s the difference between a PsyD and a PhD in psychology?

When trying to decide between these degrees, a good place to start is by asking yourself: Would I rather see patients in a clinical practice, or work in research, administration, or an academic setting?

Generally speaking:

• a PsyD prepares you for clinical practice
• a PhD prepares you to teach

Below, take a closer look at each degree and see a side-by-side comparison.

A PsyD prepares you for clinical practice

This degree focuses on assessing and treating patients. Research is secondary but still important. The PsyD helps students prepare for state licensure with extensive training in therapeutic techniques, assessment, and intervention skills.

A PsyD program includes coursework such as:

• Advanced biological psychology
• Cognitive/affective psychology
• Advanced psychopathology
• Evidence-based practice in psychology
• Strategies of clinical supervision and consultation

Career paths to explore:

• Private practice psychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Psychotherapist
• School psychologist

A PhD in psychology prepares you to teach

This degree areas gives you the knowledge and skills you need to advance as a teacher, researcher, and/or administrator in the field of psychology. You might pursue an academic career as a college faculty member, or an administrative career in a higher education institution, a research facility, or a human services organization.

A PhD in psychology program includes coursework such as:

• Ethics and multicultural issues in psychology
• Tests and measurements
• Advanced inferential statistics
• Qualitative analysis
• Quantitative research methods in psychology
• College or university faculty member
• Higher education administrator
• Human services administrator
• Market research analyst
• Data analyst

Compare the PsyD and PhD and side by side

These are examples intended to serve as a general guide. Some positions may prefer or even require previous experience, licensure, certifications, and/or other designations along with a degree. Because many factors determine what position an individual may attain, Capella cannot guarantee that a graduate will secure any specific job title, a promotion, salary increase, or other career outcome. We encourage you to research requirements for your job target and career goals.

Whether your ultimate goal is to be a therapist, teacher, researcher, or administrator, Capella University offers degree programs that can help you get there. Explore Capella’s  PhD in Psychology ,   PsyD in Clinical Psychology,  and a  PsyD in School Psychology .

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Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different?

Posted By: Daniel Michalski, PhD and Garth A. Fowler, PhD November 7, 2016

Doctoral degrees in psychology offer individuals preparation to conduct scientific research, professional practice or both. Most individuals receive either the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) or the Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) degree. Although each of these degrees is designed to engage students in deep knowledge and skills within a subfield of psychology, there are substantial differences in the type of training and career plans of individuals with these degrees. Finding the best-fitting program for an individual student begins with understanding these differences.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The PhD is the most common degree conferred in psychology and is generally offered at either private or public research universities. 1  PhD degrees are intended for students interested in  generating new knowledge through scientific research  (i.e., setting up experiments, collecting data, applying statistical and analytical techniques)  and/or gaining teaching experience . PhD graduate students receive substantial training in research methods and statistics in order to independently produce new scientific knowledge and are often required to produce a dissertation to demonstrate research competency. Students enrolling in PhD programs may also be interested in pursuing professional careers in applied work — such as health services, counseling in school settings and consulting in businesses and organizations in addition to research and academic work.

Doctor of Psychology (PsyD)

The PsyD degree came into existence in the 1970s as an alternative to the PhD for those more interested in  providing psychological services  than conducting disciplinary research. The PsyD degree is generally offered in professional schools of psychology — either affiliated with research or teaching universities or housed in a free-standing graduate school. 2  The focus of PsyD programs is to train students to engage in careers that apply scientific knowledge of psychology and deliver empirically based service to individuals, groups and organizations. Most programs require students to write a thesis or dissertation, and students may use quantitative or qualitative methodologies to demonstrate how psychological research is applied to human behavior.

Both PsyD and PhD programs can prepare students to be licensed psychologists, and training in these types of programs prepares graduates to take state licensing exams (licenses are awarded by individual states, not graduate programs). 3  Many states require graduates to have attended accredited graduate programs to ensure that all students have minimum training and competency necessary for treating patients and serving clients. APA accredits doctoral programs in clinical, counseling and school psychology, and you can find a list of these programs on the  APA Office of Program Consultation and Accreditation  website.

When you’re gathering information about particular programs, it is important you understand what training and education the program provides so you are aware of what skills and abilities you will acquire and how those prepare you for a career after you get your doctorate. There is no “best” doctoral degree in psychology: There are, however, “best-fits” for your academic and professional goals. Please visit the  Office of Graduate and Postgraduate Education and Training  website for more resources on graduate study in psychology. The APA Office of Program Consultation also provides further details on the distinctions between PhD and PsyD degrees in its  Standards of Accreditation for Health Service Psychology  (PDF, 222KB).

Re posted with permission from American Psychological Association’s Psychology Student Network .

Interested in additional resources on getting into graduate school click here ., 1  according to the most recent graduate study in psychology data from 2013-2014, 94 percent of participating phd programs were housed in university colleges of arts and sciences or education. participating phd programs housed within nonspecified or indeterminate institutional locations were excluded from analysis., 2  according to the most recent graduate study in psychology data from 2013-2014, 72 percent of participating psyd programs were housed within professional schools of psychology (university-based or free-standing) or in medical/health science institutions. participating psyd programs housed within non-specified or indeterminate institutional locations were excluded from analysis., 3  the  association of state and provincial psychology boards  offers comprehensive resources pertaining to psychology licensure regulations and examination requirements., are you an applicant interested in graduate study in psychology psycas is an online centralized application portal for students applying to graduate-level (master’s and doctoral) programs across the discipline of psychology—from health service provider programs to research programs to other professional graduate degree programs. learn about how psycas can streamline the process for you., about the author.

Daniel Michalski, PhD

Garth A. Fowler, PhD

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What are the Differences Between a Masters and PhD in Psychology?

Choosing a path in psychology can be a bit like picking a route for a big journey. Should you stop at a master’s or go all the way to a PhD? While both are advanced degrees, they serve different purposes.

A master’s in psychology usually takes less time and provides a general overview, helping you get into various career paths within the field. A PhD, however, is a longer journey, focusing on specialized research and allowing you to become an expert in a specific area.

So, whether you are dreaming of counseling, teaching, or groundbreaking research, understanding the distinctions between these degrees is crucial. Let’s explore both options to find which suits you best!

Masters Vs. PhD in Psychology

A master’s in psychology typically takes 2-3 years and provides foundational knowledge and skills for various psychology-related careers. On the other hand, a PhD in psychology, taking 4-7 years, emphasizes research and advanced expertise, preparing graduates for academic, research, or specialized clinical positions.

To work in the field psychology, you need to have a minimum of master’s degree in psychology , and if you want to become a licensed psychologist , then a PhD will help you do that.

Master’s and Ph.D. degrees come under the heading of graduate studies. As mentioned above, a master’s degree in psychology typically takes between 2 to 3 years to complete in addition to an undergraduate in the same subject.

There are different types of psychology master’s degrees with the two most common being a Master’s of Art (M.A.) and a Master’s of Science (M.S.) . Without a master’s degree in psychology you cannot get licensed and hence you cannot begin practicing freely.

If your focus in psychology is more towards the applied side, you will need to complete an internship as well. Depending on the program, students may also need to prepare a thesis report towards the final months of a master’s program.

When it comes to a psychology doctorate degree , there are essentially 2 options – a PhD (Doctor of Philosophy) or a Psy. D (Doctor of Psychology) . A PhD in psychology is more research oriented, whereas a Psy. D is more focused towards the practical and clinical sides. However, we are limiting our discussion to a PhD in psychology.

Typically a PhD can take between 4 and 7 years depending on how you approach it and on your work schedule. A few years of course work and a final dissertation are almost always required in a PhD program. Some PhD programs even require students to complete an internship which formally marks the end of their doctorate program.

The Road to Get There

To get into a master’s level program in psychology, it is preferred that candidates possess an undergraduate background in psychology. At the undergraduate level, students are presented with the opportunity to choose their majors which is then carried forward in the master’s program.

The undergraduate degree is necessary for creating a strong background and laying the right foundation for students. Some masters programs prefer that candidates have gone through some practical training which usually takes the form of an internship.

A master’s degree in psychology can also serve as an inroad to a PhD in psychology. Many top university PhD programs require students to have a master’s degree in psychology under their belt as a pre-requisite.

However not all PhD programs have that requirement. Some programs offer students a terminal master’s degree in the process of a PhD. This is basically a specialized master’s program that prepares students in their area of expertise and professional practice.

It is often required by PhD level psychology programs for students to have some kind of prior practical experience. This could be an internship or an assistant level position to a senior psychologist. With added practical experience, the concepts taught at the doctorate level are easier to understand and make more sense.

After Graduation

Psychology is a vast and quick expanding field of science which means that demand for qualified psychologists is high. With a masters level psychology you may land some entry level jobs such as a research assistant, assistant to a supervisor, teacher’s assistant and so on. You may work with other psychologists and learn from them on the job.

Opportunities may also exist in mental health institutes, schools and the like. You may also sit-in some sessions with a senior as they treat other patients. Initially there will be a lot of interaction with seniors in a controlled environment.

With a PhD in psychology under your belt you may be exposed to a more challenging and dynamic work environment. You may be part of an experiment where patients are kept under closely monitored situations. Pharmaceutical companies may contract your services to work on drug trials for instance.

Depending on your chosen niche, you may spend time with patients at correctional facilities, detention centers and even prisons.

Which One is Right For You?

There is no right answer for this question. Both degree options have their own merits, requirements and results. What matters is your drive and motivation as well as your career aspiration. For starters, you need to have an interest in the subject of psychology, otherwise there may not be any point in doing a masters, let alone a PhD.

A masters can only take you so far career-wise, sooner or later you will need to rely on a PhD to take your career to the next level – therefore you need to consider your vision. The best way to answer this question is from a timeline point of view – you must prioritize your goals at the given time.

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What is the Real Difference between an MD and PhD?

Phds advance knowledge, whereas mds merely apply existing knowledge..

Posted March 7, 2011 | Reviewed by Kaja Perina

If you ask someone in the psychology world how people with PhDs (Doctor of Philosophy ) differ from those with MD (Doctor of Medicine) you may get an answer like "MDs can prescribe medication , whereas PhDs cannot." That is true. Another difference is that MDs generally make more money in the United States.

MDs are consider by many to be the "real doctors" because they can help with physiological medical problems. That too is true. I certainly don't refer to myself as "Dr. Kelly" in any context other than an academic setting, because people might get the false impression that I could jump in and help in the event of a broken foot or migraine headache.

All that sounds pretty bad for the PhD. But here's the most essential difference between the two degrees: PhDs advance knowledge, whereas MDs merely apply existing knowledge. Unlike the MD who does not need to produce any original research, the person earning a PhD must produce original research and write it up in a thesis or dissertation. Then a committee of experts must deem that thesis as offering an acceptable advancement of knowledge before the PhD is conferred. It typically takes a couple of years longer to earn a PhD than an MD. Part of the reason it takes so long is that the person earning the PhD is being trained on how to think critically about existing knowledge, and it can take a while to find one's niche and fill a gap in the knowledge base.

If you yourself want to make important scientific discoveries and then tell the world about them, you will be much better prepared by getting a PhD than an MD. You also will be much better prepared to criticize studies you read about in virtually any field because you will be trained in critical thinking and writing.

If you are deciding which degree is right for you, ask yourself if you will be content with applying the knowledge you learn (MD) from other people, or if you would like to get in on the action of making the discoveries yourself (PhD). For instance, would you like to be one of the scientists who are figuring out how to reverse the aging process (PhD)? Would you like to see if giving aging mice a particular the enzyme (one that you discover) makes their hair shiny again and restores their fertility (PhD)? Or would you be content giving your future medical patients the proper dose of the medications that arise from this research and then seeing the signs of youth return in your patients (MD)? These are the kinds of questions that college students everywhere should be asking themselves, and yet I have never seen them do so.

This difference in training also means that if you want to know what the cutting -edge knowledge is in a given field, you have to ask a PhD in that field, not an MD. So for instance, let's say you or your mate is having trouble getting pregnant . If you just ask your local obstetrician or gynecologist what the cutting edge discoveries are regarding fertility, that MD is not likely to know. That MD can give you fertility treatments that he or she has learned about and tried with other patients. It should be noted, however, that many MDs make an effort to remain abreast of scientific research long after their degree has been conferred.

The upshot of my message is this: We need both kinds of people, those who apply existing knowledge (such as the MD does in the medical field) and those who advance it (PhDs). But if you think a PhD is less qualified than an MD when it comes to having cutting-edge knowledge, you have that backwards.

Anita E. Kelly, Ph.D., is a Professor of Psychology at the University of Notre Dame. She is author of The Clever Student and The Psychology of Secrets.

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Develop the understanding, professional skills and empathetic approaches that are critical for success in psychology with a master’s degree in psychology from Adelphi University in New York.

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Choose from MA programs in general psychology, mental health counseling, and school psychology. Each offers optional specializations and valuable field placements.

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Adelphi and the Derner School of Psychology offer many ways to help you pay for master’s study, including graduate merit scholarships, scholarships for master’s psychology students, teaching assistantships and even employer tuition reimbursement.

A master’s degree in psychology opens doors to a wide variety of careers and can serve as a pathway to a doctorate.

Derner’s master’s in psychology programs give you the knowledge, training, critical reasoning skills and cultural competence you’ll need to excel in your career. Each includes optional specializations to help you focus on your interests:

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Our rigorous master’s programs also offer part-time options and flexible schedules to meet our students’ work or family responsibilities.

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Exceptional hands-on training.

As a master’s student at the Derner School of Psychology, you’ll gain clinical skills through practica and internships in local healthcare settings, schools, agencies and organizations, and community services offered by Adelphi. You can also gain valuable experience—and earn money to help cover tuition—in graduate assistantships.

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Field experience is a vital part of our master’s degree programs, helping you develop the professional skills and the cultural competence to thrive in any working environment.

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Is a Psychology Degree Worth It?

Know before you read At SNHU, we want to make sure you have the information you need to make decisions about your education and your future—no matter where you choose to go to school. That's why our informational articles may reference careers for which we do not offer academic programs, along with salary data for those careers. Cited projections do not guarantee actual salary or job growth.

If you're interested in the human mind, you might want to pursue a psychology degree. But you may also be wondering how you might use a psychology degree and if it’ll be worth it in the end.

Can a Psychology Degree Be Useful?

There are a few different types of psychology degrees  you may consider pursuing, depending on your interests and career goals.

A few of those include:

• Associate of Arts (AA) in Psychology (Not currently offered at SNHU)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Psychology
• Master of Science (MS) in Psychology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY) (Not currently offered at SNHU)
• Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) (Not currently offered at SNHU)

Dr. Leslie Buddington , an online adjunct psychology instructor at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), suggested a master’s degree in industrial-organizational psychology  degree if you’d like to apply psychology concepts to the workplace.

Although there are several different areas you can focus on, most psychology programs have some common skills you can learn.

According to Buddington, while pursuing a psychology degree, you may learn about:

• Applying research
• Conducting experiments
• Data analysis and research methods
• Individual differences
• Making measurable changes in an environment  
• Social justice and inequities  

“Those are incredible skills that are useful in any future career,” said Buddington.

Many employers look for individuals with those kinds of skills, across a variety of fields. According to Buddington, psychology is a well-rounded field that demonstrates that you understand people, how situations contribute to behavior, how to predict and change behaviors and how to apply that information in order to make changes to a system. “That is going to help you stand out as a job candidate in multiple careers," she said.

Exploring experiential learning opportunities  can help you to stand out even further, providing real-world experience while you're a student. Buddington noted that you can also work with your school's career center to find an internship.  “An internship or experiential learning opportunity is definitely worthwhile to pursue," she said.

Find Your Program

How hard is a psychology degree.

"Because in psychology there are multiple perspectives (cognitive, developmental, behavioral, evolutionary and so forth), there is often no one ‘correct’ answer,” said Buddington. “Sometimes the fact that an answer is not just black or white doesn’t fit with how some people think.”

Buddington also said that students can sometimes be surprised by the amount of statistics and research work a psychology program involves.

The course load and program requirements may vary from school to school. Taking the time to research and ask questions about the programs you’re interested in can give you a better idea of what to expect while pursuing a psychology degree.

“I don’t necessarily think a psychology degree is hard, but it can sometimes be different from what you are expecting,” said Buddington.

Is a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Worth It?

Buddington said that a BA in Psychology can allow you to work in many careers. Some options you may consider include:

• Data analysis
• Human resources
• Law enforcement
• Sports coaching

“I think because the principles you are learning apply to people, situations, behavior, society, as well as data analysis, they are universal skills that are needed across multiple career fields,” said Buddington.

And the reasons for entering this field of study are just as varied.

With her degree, Molinari hopes to work at a healthcare organization. She wants to help anyone who needs discretion, empathy and care, such as those transitioning or those who don’t have healthcare.

“I would just like to lend a helping hand to anybody who needs it,” she said.

A psychology degree can also help you to change careers.

“I always had an interest in the human mind,” said Parker. Psychology was the obvious choice when choosing his major.

After working 14-hour shifts, traveling all over the country, he would start doing his schoolwork. Since earning his degree, he now works as an HR business partner.

“It’s amazing, the job opportunities you can get with a psychology degree,” said Parker.

Is a Master of Science in Psychology Worth It?

“With an MS in Psychology, you are able to concentrate more fully on a field,” said Buddington.  

You might become a therapist or forensic psychologist, according to Buddington. She said that a master’s degree may also allow you to teach at some community colleges.

Parker said that his degree has already opened doors for him, including the opportunity to pursue further education. He’s currently enrolled in the MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program at SNHU. (SNHU is not currently enrolling new students in the graduate counseling program.)

“My ultimate goal is to go back into drug and alcohol counseling, try to help people who suffer with addiction,” he said.

Are Psychologists in Demand?

“Post-pandemic there is more need than ever for psychologists,” said Buddington.

Becoming a psychologist typically requires a master's degree or higher, and licensing requirements vary by state. BLS predicts that job growth for psychologists will grow by 6% through 2032.*

“Teletherapy allows more individuals to have access to therapy that they otherwise may not have had,” said Buddington.

For example, people living in rural areas might not have therapists available nearby. Teletherapy allows those individuals to have access to therapy, said Buddington. “The fact that you can become teletherapy certified is an equity and inclusion triumph,” she said.

Like most fields, psychology is open to more diverse and inclusive perspectives. A psychology degree can provide you with the ability to better understand those from different backgrounds from you.

According to a study on diverse populations by the American Psychiatric Association, people from racial or ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive mental health care ( American Psychiatric Association PDF Source ). Some factors contributing to this include:

• Lack of diversity among mental health providers
• Language barriers
• Mental health stigma

Psychologists with unique cultural perspectives can help more people to feel understood.

A degree can change your life. Find the SNHU psychology program  that can best help you meet your career goals.

*Cited job growth projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth. Actual salaries and/or earning potential may be the result of a combination of factors including, but not limited to: years of experience, industry of employment, geographic location, and worker skill.

Ashleigh Worley '22 is a writer at Southern New Hampshire University, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in English. She is currently pursuing a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing at SNHU. Connect with her on LinkedIn .

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