conclusion outline for college essay

How to Write a Conclusion for an Essay

A well-structured conclusion is considered an important element of a strong essay and is often a part of the grading criteria.

Some instructors or grading rubrics might be more lenient on this aspect, while others might place a higher emphasis on it. To avoid potential point deductions, it's generally a good practice to include a well-structured conclusion, which usually takes 10-15% of your work (e.g., a 2,000-word essay should have a 250-word conclusion). In this article, you will find out how to write a concluding paragraph, what are the elements of an A-grade conclusion, as well as a couple of great examples.

How to Write a Conclusion Step by Step

Writing an effective conclusion paragraph involves several steps. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to write a conclusion for your essay:

Restate the Thesis Statement

Begin your conclusion by restating the thesis statement. This reminds the reader of the overall argument or point of your essay. However, don't simply repeat things word for word; rephrase them to add a sense of closure.

Summarize Key Points

Summarize the main argument and the paper's main points. You don't need to go into great detail - simply repeat the main idea. Briefly touch upon the most important ideas discussed in the body of your essay.

Connect to the Introduction

Link your last sentence back to the introductory paragraph. Refer to something mentioned in the introduction or use similar language to create a sense of unity and closure in your essay.

Offer a Final Insight or Perspective

Provide a final perspective related to your topic. This can be a thought-provoking comment, a recommendation, a call to action, a broader implication of your argument, or even a provocative insight. Consider the "So What?" question – why should the reader care about your essay's topic?

Avoid Introducing New Information

Your final sentence is not the place to introduce new information or arguments. Stick to summarizing and tying up what you've already presented in the essay without any new ideas.

Keep It Concise

Essay conclusions should be concise and to the point. Maintain control by avoiding extensive detail or rehashing the entire essay. Aim for clarity and brevity.

Avoid Clichés

Avoid overused phrases and clichés. Instead, find more creative and engaging ways to write good conclusion sentences.

Consider the Tone

The tone of your conclusion should match the tone of your essay. If your essay is formal, keep the conclusion formal. If it's more casual or personal, maintain that tone. Always conclude essays on a positive note.

After writing your conclusion, take the time to proofread and edit it. Ensure there are no grammatical or spelling errors and that the language is clear and concise. This will leave a good final impression.

Think About the Reader

Put yourself in the reader's shoes. Consider what you would want to take away from the essay and what kind of conclusion would be most satisfying and impactful for them.

Remember that knowing how to start a conclusion paragraph can significantly impact the reader's overall impression of your essay. A well-crafted conclusion not only provides closure but also reinforces your main points and leaves a lasting impact.

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Why Conclusion Writing Is Important

Writing a conclusion is important because it provides closure and completeness to the essay, reinforcing the main points and giving the reader a final perspective on the topic.

Many students wonder if it's possible to turn in an essay without a closing sentence. Some see it as a creative choice; others - because they don't understand how to write a good conclusion.

Basically, the absence of a conclusion in an essay can affect the overall quality and coherence, so we always recommend finishing any academic article with a strong concluding paragraph.

Here are several reasons why a conclusion is a must-have in any essay:

• Summarizes key points: A conclusion provides an opportunity to recap the main points and arguments made in the essay. It serves as a summary of the entire essay, reminding the reader of the most important information and ideas presented.
• Reinforces the thesis statement: The conclusion should reiterate the thesis statement or the central argument of the essay. This reinforces the main message and helps the reader remember the purpose and focus of the essay.
• Provides closure: A well-written conclusion gives the essay a sense of closure. It signals to the reader that the essay is ending and provides a satisfying wrap-up to the discussion.
• Offers a final perspective: In the conclusion, you can provide your final thoughts and insights on the topic. This is an opportunity to express your perspective or offer suggestions for further research or action related to the subject matter.
• Leaves a lasting impression: The conclusion is your last chance to leave a strong impression on the reader. A well-crafted conclusion can make your essay more memorable and impactful.
• Connects to the introduction: A good conclusion should link back to the introduction, creating a sense of unity and coherence in the essay. It reminds the reader of the journey they've taken from the beginning to the end of the essay.
• Encourages reflection: The conclusion invites the reader to reflect on the content of the essay and its significance. It can stimulate critical thinking and leave the reader with something to ponder.
• Guides the reader: A conclusion can guide the reader on what to take away from the essay. It can suggest implications, applications, or further considerations related to the topic.

Knowing how to make a conclusion is important because it helps tie together the various elements of an essay, reinforces the main points, provides closure, and leaves a lasting impression on the reader. It is a critical component of effective essay writing that can enhance the overall impact and understanding of your work.

If you'd like to know more about how to write an essay , we've prepared some useful tips for you. In the meantime, we'd like to demonstrate a couple of great conclusion examples essay authors shared for your reference needs.

Three Essentials of a Perfect Final Paragraph

We want to share some practical tips regarding how to write a conclusion for an essay. First and foremost, a concluding passage should start with restating a thesis statement.

It involves rephrasing or summarizing the key arguments of your essay while maintaining the original intent and meaning.

Don't forget to use different wording, parallel structure, and link back to the introduction. E.g.:

Original: "The advancement of technology has had both positive and negative effects on society."

Restated: "Society has experienced a range of consequences, both beneficial and detrimental, due to technological progress."

Secondly, summarize key points and prioritize the main ideas. Focus on the most significant and relevant key points that support your thesis.

You don't need to mention every detail, only the most crucial elements. Be concise and to the point in your summaries. Avoid using lengthy sentences or providing too much context.

Get straight to the core of each key point. Present the key points in a logical order that follows the structure of your essay.

This helps the reader follow your thought process. If your key points in the body of your essay were related to the benefits and drawbacks of technology, this is how you summarize them:

"In summary, this essay has explored the multifaceted impact of technology on society. We have discussed its positive contributions, such as increased efficiency and connectivity, but also examined the negative aspects, including privacy concerns and overreliance on screens. These key points underscore the complexity of our relationship with technology and the need for balanced, informed decision-making."

Thirdly, it's hard to imagine how to conclude an essay without connecting the conclusion to the introduction. Try to use similar or parallel language in your conclusion that was used in the introduction.

This could be in the form of specific words, phrases, or even sentence structures. Such a linguistic connection will reinforce the relationship between the two sections.

If your introduction posed a question, hypothesis, or series of questions, use the conclusion to provide an answer, reflect on the evolution of thought, or address how these questions have been explored and answered in the essay.

Discuss the significance of the introduction's ideas or themes in light of the discussion that has unfolded in the body of the essay. E.g.:

Introduction: "In a world driven by technological advancements, the impact of our digital age on interpersonal relationships remains a topic of great interest."

Conclusion: "As we navigate the ever-changing landscape of the digital age, the significance of maintaining authentic and meaningful connections in our interpersonal relationships becomes even more apparent. The insights gained in this essay reaffirm the importance of striking a balance between the virtual and the real, ensuring that technology enhances rather than hinders our connections."

Ten Mistakes to Avoid When Writing a Conclusion

Writing essay conclusions can be challenging, so students should know how to write a conclusion correctly. Here are ten hints to help you prepare excellent concluding paragraphs:

• Repetition of introduction.
• Introducing new information.
• Being too vague.
• Lack of clarity.
• Overlength.
• Failure to address the "So What?" question.
• Inconsistency with the essay's tone.
• Lack of connection to the introduction.
• Neglecting to revisit the thesis.
• Not leaving a lasting impression. ‍

Don't repeat these mistakes, and you'll know how to make a conclusion in an essay perfectly well. It's essential to plan your conclusion carefully, review your essay thoroughly, and consider the reader's perspective.

Practice and feedback from instructors can also help. However, if it isn't sufficient, buy essay online in a few clicks to get the upper hand.

How Much Time Does It Take to Start Writing Proper Essay Conclusions

Practice makes perfect. To master the art of writing conclusions, you'll have to demonstrate patience, skill, and experience.

The time it takes to learn to write great conclusions for essays varies from person to person and depends on several factors, including your starting point, your dedication to improvement, and the quality of feedback and guidance you receive.

There is no fixed timeline for writing great essay conclusions. It doesn't happen overnight.

However, with consistent effort and a willingness to learn from your experiences, you can steadily improve your ability to craft effective concluding paragraphs.

It's also worth noting that writing is a continuous learning process, and even experienced writers continue to refine their skills over time.

How an Effective Conclusion Paragraph Should End

Good conclusions should always end with concluding phrases that can provide a strong, memorable finish to your essay. Remember that the effectiveness of these phrases depends on the context and the specific message you want to convey in your conclusion.

Choose the one that best suits the tone and content of your essay while providing a clear and impactful ending:

• In conclusion.
• In summary.
• To wrap it up.
• In a nutshell.
• To put it simply.
• Ultimately.
• In the final analysis.
• As a result.
• To conclude.
• In essence.
• For these reasons.
• In light of this.
• With all factors considered.
• Taking everything into account.
• Given these points.
• In the grand scheme of things.
• To bring it all together.

Knowing how to end a conclusion will help you convey the overall purpose and message of your essay to readers.

It will provide closure and give the reader a sense of completeness while reinforcing the main points and leaving them with a final thought.

Since we speak a lot about conclusions and connecting them to introductions, you might also like to brush up on how to write an outline for an essay .

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Conclusion Paragraph Examples

"In essence, mastering the craft of how to write conclusion of essay is essential for creating impactful and well-structured essays. By reiterating the thesis, summarizing key points, and leaving a lasting impression, we are writing conclusions that not only provide closure but also reinforce the central message of our essays. As we continue to hone this skill, our ability to communicate effectively through our writing will undoubtedly improve, making our essays more persuasive and memorable."

"In summary, learning how to write a conclusion paragraph requires careful consideration and practice. By reiterating the main point, summarizing key arguments, leaving the reader with a thought-provoking final message, and keeping the conclusion format in mind, we can create conclusions that not only provide closure to our essays but also leave a lasting impact on our readers. As we continue to refine this skill, our ability to write compelling conclusions will enhance the overall quality of our essays and make our writing more engaging and persuasive. As writers, we should continually refine our knowledge of how to end a conclusion paragraph to make our essays more memorable and impactful."

"To sum up, producing an effective conclusion is vital for any writer. Understanding how to write a good conclusion ensures that our essays have the power to resonate with readers, leaving a lasting impression and reinforcing the central message of our work. By following these principles, we can elevate our experience with how to make a good conclusion and engage our audience effectively. It's a skill that, once honed, can distinguish our essays and make them truly memorable, leaving a lasting impact on those who read them."

In this article, we've demonstrated how to write a conclusion - a vital skill for crafting effective college articles.

This knowledge will prove highly beneficial to your educational progress.

By guiding you in restating the thesis, summarizing key points, offering closure, reflecting on significance, and avoiding introducing new information in conclusions, we've equipped you with the tools to leave a lasting impression on your academic work.

This newfound expertise regarding how to end a conclusion in an essay will undoubtedly enhance your college success and contribute to your overall academic achievement.

Why Writing a Conclusion Is Important?

Writing a conclusion paragraph is important because it provides closure, summarizes key points, reinforces the thesis, and leaves a lasting impression on the reader, ensuring that your message is effectively communicated and your work is well-rounded and impactful. Knowing how to write a conclusion sentence allows you to tie together the main ideas presented in your writing. It offers an opportunity to reflect on the broader implications of your work. It allows your audience to leave with a clear understanding of the significance of your argument or findings. Moreover, a strong conclusion can leave a memorable mark on your reader, making it a critical element in effective communication and achieving the desired impact with your writing. That's why every student should know how to write a good conclusion for an essay.

What Is an Essay Conclusions Outline?

A conclusion paragraph outline is a structured plan that helps writers summarize key points, restate the thesis, provide closure, and reflect on the broader significance of their essay. It serves as a roadmap for crafting a well-organized and impactful conclusion. This outline typically includes a section summarizing the main arguments or findings, followed by a restatement of the thesis to reinforce the central message. It also guides writers in discussing the broader implications or significance of their topic. Writing a conclusion for an essay ensures that you effectively encapsulate the essay's core ideas and leave a strong and lasting impression on the reader.

How to Write a Good Conclusion?

Demonstrate that you know how to write a conclusion by restating your thesis, summarizing key points, providing closure, and reflecting on the broader significance of your work. Avoid introducing new information, and aim to leave a strong and memorable final impression on the reader. A good conclusion should tie back to the introduction and the main body of your work, creating a sense of completeness. While learning how to end a essay, it's essential to maintain a consistent tone and style with the rest of the piece, ensuring a harmonious flow. Engage the reader by highlighting the relevance and real-world implications of your topic, leaving them with a clear understanding of why your argument or findings matter. According to MBA essay writing service experts, a good conclusion is an integral part of grading criteria and should be featured in the article.

Any Tips on How to Write a Concluding Paragraph?

The concluding paragraph is a critical component of effective writing, serving as the last opportunity to make a compelling impression on your audience. If you'd like to learn how to write a good conclusion paragraph, start by reiterating your thesis or central argument, reinforcing the core message. Summarize the key points and arguments presented in the body of your work, providing a concise overview of your main ideas. Next, offer closure by crafting a conclusion that brings your narrative or argument to a logical and satisfying end. Lastly, refrain from introducing new information, as this can disrupt the flow and purpose of your conclusion. When practicing how to write conclusion in essay, focus on reinforcing the existing content and leaving a memorable final impression on your readers.

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How to Write a Conclusion: Outline and Examples

The process of concluding a paper is often the most challenging part of the entire work. A student must summarise the main ideas and arguments presented in the text, summarize them, and answer their thesis statement. It sounds somewhat easy, isn’t it? Well, your last paragraph carries a lot of meaning and importance for your work. So there are many aspects and rules to have a proper concluding paragraph. We present you an insight into what makes a great conclusion.

What Is a Conclusion?

It wouldn’t be right to call any last paragraph of your text a conclusion. The last section of your assignment must meet certain expectations to be called such. Overall, a conclusion must wrap up everything a writer has previously stated in the text above. It must include, analyze and summarize the main points of the main body. Based on that analysis, a writer should provide an answer to the question set in the introduction. It should not state anything that was not originally in the main body or introduction. 

What’s more, beyond the technical aspects, a good conclusion should also give readers a sense of closure. It should leave no room for doubts or misunderstanding. A well-written concluding paragraph must demonstrate a writer's critical thinking, analytical skills, and logic. It should draw a line in the discussion and round up the text. 

The Elements to Include

To know how to write a perfect ending to your academic paper , you should know what elements make it so good. So here are four elements that should be present in every conclusion. 

Thesis Statement

Despite common belief, the place for your thesis statement is not only in the introduction. It should be restated at least several times during the test, including your conclusion.

Of course, you may feel free to paraphrase it if you want. However, at this stage, your goal is to answer it and, therefore, put a closure to your work. After all, your thesis carries the purpose of your paper. Hence, your whole text was focused on this one sentence. Your main task was to answer a thesis statement, and that’s how you should start your last paragraph. 

Summary of Main Points

The summary of your main points should serve you as the support base for giving your answer. Overall, you have to draw the conclusion from the ideas and arguments that you expressed throughout the text. Hence, recap them to remind your audience about each of them. Then, explain why they were important and how they helped you reach the answer that you stated in the first sentences. 

Explain the Purpose of It

It’s also a nice touch to elaborate on what way your work was meaningful and important for academia. Restate the theme of your paper and recall the importance of the given subject. 

Now, closure is not exactly an element but rather a feeling. You have to give your readers a sense of closure. There is no one way to do it. However, as long as you have your main question answered and you give a proper explanation of why your answer is correct, you should feel like the purpose of your work is fulfilled. 

How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph Outline?

As always, you better have a proper outline ready before you start writing that paper. So, once you know what elements you should include, you need to learn their order. Understanding how to structure your last paragraph can be tricky. For one, the layout of your conclusion will always depend on the type of paper you are writing. For example, a conclusion outline for an essay will be different from the one in a research paper. Secondly, you have to be comfortable with your text and know all your main points to write good conclusions. Thus, when doing a layout of your last paragraph, you should include all of them plus a thesis statement. 

Let’s take a look at a classic version of a conclusion paragraph outline for essays:

• Topic sentence
• Restate your thesis statement and answer it 
• Supporting sentences 
• Recap your main points in the text
• Summarize them to support your topic sentence
• Reconnect to the introduction
• Suggest further research if needed

Let’s see how such an outline can look using a real conclusion example.

• Meditation can help people with depression.
• Supporting sentences
• People with depression will have a better sleep, reduce their anxiety and stress levels, and feel more at peace with themselves, all due to meditation. Hence, meditation does help with depression.
• We are yet to learn most of the benefits of meditation. Thus, this area needs further research, especially in relation to mental health. 

Here you can see how a writer can draw a conclusion that can answer a thesis statement in a few simple sentences and give the reasoning for that answer. The given outline can be a good beginning to a well-written last paragraph of a research paper. 

What to Avoid?

Knowing how to write a proper conclusion is one thing. However, there are many examples of a conclusion that repeats the same mistakes over and over again. So, to prevent that from happening to you, let’s see and try to avoid the two common but wrong patterns students are prone to make in their last paragraphs. 

The most common poor pattern here is introducing new ideas or theories for the first time. Your readers got to the final part of your paper thinking that it is time to wrap things up and have the main answer to your question. It’s not the best time to bombard them with anything that they have not seen in the main body. This section here is for concluding what has already been discussed above. Hence, bringing anything new out of sudden will surprise and confuse your readers. 

If you feel like you missed out on any important argument or piece of evidence, you should include it in the main body. This section, however, is not the right place for any new arguments. Make sure to mention, restate, and summarise only elements and thoughts that you have already written down previously. 

Inconsistency 

Somehow, people tend to change their narration or tone by the end of their text. Maybe they are getting too tired to write or too excited to finish. Perhaps, the formal voice just drops when you feel like the hardest part of your research is over. Overall, the reasoning doesn’t play a big role here. You just shouldn’t let it happen in your work. Consistency is important. 

Hence, keep your tone, pace, and general writing style till the very last moment. This paragraph is what will leave a long-lasting impression on your audience. They read it last, so they remember it the longest. So don’t confuse them with a sudden change of tone, and stay true to your narrative and style till the last dot.

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Traditional Academic Essays In Three Parts

Part i: the introduction.

An introduction is usually the first paragraph of your academic essay. If you’re writing a long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to introduce your topic to your reader. A good introduction does 2 things:

• Gets the reader’s attention. You can get a reader’s attention by telling a story, providing a statistic, pointing out something strange or interesting, providing and discussing an interesting quote, etc. Be interesting and find some original angle via which to engage others in your topic.
• Provides a specific and debatable thesis statement. The thesis statement is usually just one sentence long, but it might be longer—even a whole paragraph—if the essay you’re writing is long. A good thesis statement makes a debatable point, meaning a point someone might disagree with and argue against. It also serves as a roadmap for what you argue in your paper.

Part II: The Body Paragraphs

Body paragraphs help you prove your thesis and move you along a compelling trajectory from your introduction to your conclusion. If your thesis is a simple one, you might not need a lot of body paragraphs to prove it. If it’s more complicated, you’ll need more body paragraphs. An easy way to remember the parts of a body paragraph is to think of them as the MEAT of your essay:

Main Idea. The part of a topic sentence that states the main idea of the body paragraph. All of the sentences in the paragraph connect to it. Keep in mind that main ideas are…

• like labels. They appear in the first sentence of the paragraph and tell your reader what’s inside the paragraph.
• arguable. They’re not statements of fact; they’re debatable points that you prove with evidence.
• focused. Make a specific point in each paragraph and then prove that point.

Evidence. The parts of a paragraph that prove the main idea. You might include different types of evidence in different sentences. Keep in mind that different disciplines have different ideas about what counts as evidence and they adhere to different citation styles. Examples of evidence include…

• quotations and/or paraphrases from sources.
• facts , e.g. statistics or findings from studies you’ve conducted.
• narratives and/or descriptions , e.g. of your own experiences.

Analysis. The parts of a paragraph that explain the evidence. Make sure you tie the evidence you provide back to the paragraph’s main idea. In other words, discuss the evidence.

Transition. The part of a paragraph that helps you move fluidly from the last paragraph. Transitions appear in topic sentences along with main ideas, and they look both backward and forward in order to help you connect your ideas for your reader. Don’t end paragraphs with transitions; start with them.

Keep in mind that MEAT does not occur in that order. The “ T ransition” and the “ M ain Idea” often combine to form the first sentence—the topic sentence—and then paragraphs contain multiple sentences of evidence and analysis. For example, a paragraph might look like this: TM. E. E. A. E. E. A. A.

Part III: The Conclusion

A conclusion is the last paragraph of your essay, or, if you’re writing a really long essay, you might need 2 or 3 paragraphs to conclude. A conclusion typically does one of two things—or, of course, it can do both:

• Summarizes the argument. Some instructors expect you not to say anything new in your conclusion. They just want you to restate your main points. Especially if you’ve made a long and complicated argument, it’s useful to restate your main points for your reader by the time you’ve gotten to your conclusion. If you opt to do so, keep in mind that you should use different language than you used in your introduction and your body paragraphs. The introduction and conclusion shouldn’t be the same.
• For example, your argument might be significant to studies of a certain time period .
• Alternately, it might be significant to a certain geographical region .
• Alternately still, it might influence how your readers think about the future . You might even opt to speculate about the future and/or call your readers to action in your conclusion.

Handout by Dr. Liliana Naydan. Do not reproduce without permission.

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How to Write a Conclusion for a Research Paper

When you're wrapping up a research paper, the conclusion is like the grand finale of a fireworks show – it's your chance to leave a lasting impression. In this article, we'll break down the steps to help you write a winning research paper conclusion that not only recaps your main points but also ties everything together. Consider it the "So what?" moment – why should people care about your research? Our professional essay writers will guide you through making your conclusion strong, clear, and something that sticks with your readers long after they've put down your paper. So, let's dive in and ensure your research ends on a high note!

What Is a Conclusion in a Research Paper

In a research paper, the conclusion serves as the final segment, where you summarize the main points and findings of your study. It's not just a repetition of what you've already said but rather a chance to tie everything together and highlight the significance of your research. As you learn how to start a research paper , a good conclusion also often discusses the implications of your findings, suggests potential areas for further research, and leaves the reader with a lasting impression of the importance and relevance of your work in the broader context of the field. Essentially, it's your last opportunity to make a strong impact and leave your readers with a clear understanding of the significance of your research. Here’s a research paper conclusion example:

In conclusion, this research paper has navigated the intricacies of sustainable urban development, shedding light on the pivotal role of community engagement and innovative planning strategies. Through applying qualitative and quantitative research methods, we've uncovered valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities inherent in fostering environmentally friendly urban spaces. The implications of these findings extend beyond the confines of this study, emphasizing the imperative for continued exploration in the realms of urban planning and environmental sustainability. By emphasizing both the practical applications and theoretical contributions, this research underscores the significance of community involvement and forward-thinking strategies in shaping the future of urban landscapes. As cities evolve, incorporating these insights into planning and development practices will create resilient and harmonious urban environments.

Conclusion Outline for Research Paper

This outline for a research paper conclusion provides a structured framework to ensure that your ending effectively summarizes the key elements of your research paper and leaves a lasting impression on your readers. Adjust the content based on the specific requirements and focus of your research.

Restate the Thesis Statement

• Briefly restate the main thesis or research question.
• Emphasize the core objective or purpose of the study.

Summarize Key Findings

• Recap the main points and key findings from each section of the paper.
• Provide a concise overview of the research journey.

Discuss Implications

• Explore the broader implications of the research findings.
• Discuss how the results contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field.

Address Limitations

• Acknowledge any limitations or constraints encountered during the research process.
• Explain how these limitations may impact the interpretation of the findings.

Suggest Areas for Future Research

• Propose potential directions for future studies related to the topic.
• Identify gaps in the current research that warrant further exploration.

Reaffirm Significance

• Reaffirm the importance and relevance of the research in the broader context.
• Highlight the practical applications or real-world implications of the study.

Concluding Statement

• Craft a strong, memorable closing statement that leaves a lasting impression.
• Sum up the overall impact of the research and its potential contribution to the field.

Study the full guide on how to make a research paper outline here, which will also specify the conclusion writing specifics to improve your general prowess.

Tips on How to Make a Conclusion in Research

Here are key considerations regarding a conclusion for research paper to not only recap the primary ideas in your work but also delve deeper to earn a higher grade:

• Provide a concise recap of your main research outcomes.
• Remind readers of your research goals and their accomplishments.
• Stick to summarizing existing content; refrain from adding new details.
• Emphasize why your research matters and its broader implications.
• Clearly explain the practical or theoretical impact of your findings.
• Prompt readers to reflect on how your research influences their perspective.
• Briefly discuss the robustness of your research methods.
• End with a suggestion for future research or a practical application.
• Transparently address any constraints or biases in your study.
• End on a powerful note, leaving a memorable impression on your readers.

For your inspiration, we’ve also prepared this research proposal example APA , which dwells on another important aspect of research writing.

How to Write a Research Paper Conclusion

As you finish your research paper, the conclusion takes center stage. In this section, we've got five practical tips for writing a conclusion for a research paper. We'll guide you through summarizing your key findings, revisiting your research goals, discussing the bigger picture, addressing any limitations, and ending on a powerful note. Think of it as your roadmap to creating a conclusion that not only wraps up your research but also leaves a lasting impact on your readers. Let's dive in and make sure your conclusion stands out for all the right reasons!

Synthesize Core Discoveries. Initiate your conclusion by synthesizing the essential discoveries of your research. Offer a succinct recapitulation of the primary points and outcomes you have elucidated in your paper. This aids in reinforcing the gravity of your work and reiterates the pivotal information you have presented.

Revisit Research Objectives. Revisit the research objectives or questions you outlined at the beginning of your paper. Assess whether you have successfully addressed these objectives and if your findings align with the initial goals of your research. This reflection helps tie your conclusion back to the purpose of your study.

Discuss Implications and Contributions. Discuss the broader implications of your research and its potential contributions to the field. Consider how your findings might impact future research, applications, or understanding of the subject matter. This demonstrates the significance of your work and places it within a larger context.

Address Limitations and Future Research. Acknowledge any limitations in your study, such as constraints in data collection or potential biases. Briefly discuss how these limitations might have affected your results. Additionally, suggest areas for future research that could build upon your work, addressing any unanswered questions or unexplored aspects. This demonstrates a thoughtful approach to your research.

End with a Strong Conclusion Statement. Conclude your research paper with a strong and memorable statement that reinforces the key message you want readers to take away. This could be a call to action, a proposal for further investigation, or a reflection on the broader significance of your findings. Leave your readers with a lasting impression that emphasizes the importance of your research. Remember that you can buy a research paper anytime if you lack time or get stuck in writer’s block.

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Stylistic Devices to Use in a Conclusion

Discover distinctive stylistic insights that you can apply when writing a conclusion for a research paper:

• Rhetorical Questions. When using rhetorical questions, strategically place them to engage readers' minds. For instance, you might pose a question that prompts reflection on the broader implications of your findings, leaving your audience with something to ponder.
• Powerful Language. Incorporate strong language to convey a sense of conviction and importance. Choose words that resonate with the overall tone of your research and amplify the significance of your conclusions. This adds weight to your key messages.
• Repetitions. Repetitions can be employed to reinforce essential ideas. Reiterate key phrases or concepts in a way that emphasizes their importance without sounding redundant. This technique serves to drive home your main points.
• Anecdotes. Integrating anecdotes into your conclusion can provide a human touch. Share a brief and relevant story that connects with your research, making the information more relatable and memorable for your audience.
• Vivid Imagery. Lastly, use vivid imagery to paint a picture in the minds of your readers. Appeal to their senses by describing scenarios or outcomes related to your research. This creates a more immersive and lasting impression.

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How to Make a Conclusion Logically Appealing

Knowing how to write a conclusion for a research paper that is logically appealing is important for leaving a lasting impression on your readers. Here are some tips to achieve this:

Logical Sequencing

• Present your conclusion in a structured manner, following the natural flow of your paper. Readers should effortlessly follow your thought process, making your conclusion more accessible and persuasive.

Reinforce Main Arguments

• Emphasize the core arguments and findings from your research. By reinforcing key points, you solidify your stance and provide a logical culmination to your paper.

Address Counterarguments

• Acknowledge and address potential counterarguments or limitations in your research. Demonstrate intellectual honesty and strengthen your conclusion by preemptively addressing potential doubts.

Connect with Introduction

• Revisit themes or concepts introduced in your introduction to create a cohesive narrative, allowing readers to trace the logical progression of your research from start to finish.

Propose Actionable Insights

• Suggest practical applications or recommendations based on your findings. This will add a forward-looking dimension, making your conclusion more relevant and compelling.

Highlight Significance

• Clearly articulate the broader implications of your research to convey the importance of your work and its potential impact on the field, making your conclusion logically compelling.

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Avoid These Things When Writing a Research Paper Conclusion

As you write your conclusion of research paper, there’s a list of things professional writers don’t recommend doing. Consider these issues carefully:

• Repetition of Exact Phrases
• Repetitively using the same phrases or sentences from the main body. Repetition can make your conclusion seem redundant and less engaging.
• Overly Lengthy Summaries
• Providing excessively detailed summaries of each section of your paper. Readers may lose interest if the conclusion becomes too long and detailed.
• Unclear Connection to the Introduction
• Failing to connect the conclusion back to the introduction. A lack of continuity may make the paper feel disjointed.
• Adding New Arguments or Ideas
• Introducing new arguments or ideas that were not addressed in the body. This can confuse the reader and disrupt the coherence of your paper.
• Overuse of Complex Jargon
• Using excessively complex or technical language without clarification. Clear communication is essential in the conclusion, ensuring broad understanding.
• Apologizing or Undermining Confidence
• Apologizing for limitations or expressing doubt about your work. Maintain a confident tone; if limitations exist, present them objectively without undermining your research.
• Sweeping Generalizations
• Making overly broad or unsupported generalizations. Such statements can weaken the credibility of your conclusion.
• Neglecting the Significance
• Failing to emphasize the broader significance of your research. Readers need to understand why your findings matter in a larger context.
• Abrupt Endings
• Concluding abruptly without a strong closing statement. A powerful ending leaves a lasting impression; avoid a sudden or weak conclusion.

Research Paper Conclusion Example

That covers the essential aspects of summarizing a research paper. The only remaining step is to review the conclusion examples for research paper provided by our team.

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Final Thoughts

In conclusion, the knowledge of how to write the conclusion of a research paper is pivotal for presenting your findings and leaving a lasting impression on your readers. By summarizing the key points, reiterating the significance of your research, and offering avenues for future exploration, you can create a conclusion that not only reinforces the value of your study but also encourages further academic discourse. Remember to balance brevity and completeness, ensuring your conclusion is concise yet comprehensive. Emphasizing the practical implications of your research and connecting it to the broader academic landscape will help solidify the impact of your work. Pay someone to write a research paper if you are having a hard time finishing your coursework on time.

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Your chance of acceptance, your chancing factors, extracurriculars, ap world history dbq practice - any advice.

Hey guys, I'm stressing a bit over the AP World History DBQ section. Can anyone recommend good resources or strategies to practice DBQs so I can be better prepared? Any pieces of advice would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

Hey there! Don't worry - preparing for the DBQ section of the AP World History exam can be manageable with the right approach and resources. Here are a few tips and resources to help you get started:

1. Understand the requirements: The College Board provides a specific rubric for the DBQs. Make sure you're familiar with it. Understand what you'll be graded on, such as thesis development, use of evidence, sourcing, and contextualization.

2. Familiarize yourself with the format: Review sample DBQs to get an idea of what it looks like. The College Board has released past exams to look at. Additionally, you'll find unofficial DBQs on various websites, but they may not be as accurate to the real test.

3. Analyze the documents carefully: Read documents attentively and identify their main argument or perspective. Practice by making brief notes on each document, describing its point of view, and thinking about how it could be used to support your thesis.

4. Develop your thesis statement: Practice creating clear and concise thesis statements that directly address the prompt. A strong thesis will help guide the rest of your essay.

5. Practice outlining: Time management is crucial during the DBQ. Before diving into writing the essay, quickly outline your main points, document connections, and analysis. This will keep you organized and help make your essay more coherent.

6. Focus on your writing skills: Aim for straightforward, direct language when creating your DBQ essay. Avoid using overly complex vocabulary or convoluted sentence structures that could confuse the reader.

7. Review scored DBQ examples: Along with the released exams, the College Board also provides examples of high-scoring student essays. Study both high and medium scoring essays to understand what made them successful and areas that could be improved.

8. Time yourself: When practicing, stick to the 45-minute time limitation allocated for the DBQ section. This will help you develop a sense of how to pace yourself during the actual exam.

9. Take advantage of online resources: There are numerous online resources for AP World History DBQ prep, such as Khan Academy, AP Classroom, YouTube channels like Heimler's History, and CollegeVine, to name a few. These platforms often have example prompts, explanations, and videos to help guide you.

10. Peer review: If possible, swap practice essays with your classmates and provide constructive feedback. This will help you identify your own strengths and weaknesses in the process.

With the right resources and plenty of practice, you can build your skills in tackling DBQs. Good luck preparing for the AP World History exam!

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Using AI to predict grade point average from college application essays

by PNAS Nexus

Jonah Berger and Olivier Toubia used natural language processing to understand what drives academic success. The authors analyzed over 20,000 college application essays from a large public university that attracts students from a range of racial, cultural, and economic backgrounds and found that the semantic volume of the writing, or how much ground an application essay covered predicted college performance, as measured by grade point average.

They published their findings in PNAS Nexus .

Essays that covered more semantic ground predicted higher grades. Similarly, essays with smaller conceptual jumps between successive parts of its discourse predicted higher grades.

These trends held even when researchers controlled for factors including SAT score, parents' education, gender, ethnicity, college major, essay topics, and essay length. Some of these factors, such as parents' education and the student's SAT scores, encode information about family background , suggesting that the linguistic features of semantic volume and speed are not determined solely by socioeconomic status.

According to the authors, the results demonstrate that the topography of thought, or the way people express and organize their ideas, can provide insight into their likely future success.

Journal information: PNAS Nexus

Provided by PNAS Nexus

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ENG 1101 EngComp SP2024 D885

A City Tech OpenLab Course Site

Outline- Ted Talk- Evelyn Castillo

This is a Ted Talk.

• Introduction
• Key/main ideas
• First Key Idea (Pain dismissal in history)
• Second Key idea (Pain dismissal/gender disparity in medical education)
• Third Key Idea (How can we advocate to be heard at the doctor/why is this a social movement not just a problem)

Word by word script:

Imagine you are seated in the doctor’s office. You are telling your doctor how painful it is for you to walk, to eat, to sleep. And although you may think that the doctor is taking your pain seriously, the first question he asks is “have thought of losing weight”. This is my friend’s story. Who later was diagnosed with a severe liver illness. However this is not just one person’s story, this is almost every woman’s story. Every woman who walks up to the doctor with the hope of curing their pain yet they walk out with nothing more than misogynistic comments, questioning themselves if their pain is even real. My name is Evelyn Castillo and today I will share with you how we can end women’s pain dismissal.

We all know that since long ago gender biases were formed. The most clear way to see this is the term “hysteria” which was derived from the Greek word hystera which means uterus. And this was refrained to define women’s illness which could not be “resolved”. These moments in history marked women’s path to now, women’s complaints were often attributed to emotional instability rather than genuine medical concerns.

In today’s world, despite advancements in medicine, gender and racial disparities persist. Studies show that women, especially women of color, are more likely to be misdiagnosed or have their pain trivialized compared to their males. This isn’t just a matter of individual bias; it’s a systemic issue rooted in the lack of diversity in medical education and clinical research.

For example, Liz Szabo, an enterprise reporter, highlights how women and minorities are disproportionately affected by medical errors. From heart failure being misdiagnosed as postpartum depression to the underrepresentation of diverse patients in medical textbooks, where we see that women and minorities simply are not there.

Though research might illustrate my point I would like to share more than just research. The story of Typhanie Yanique a Caribbean American fiction writer, poet and essayist and her experience during pregnancy, where her pain was brushed aside until it led to a broken pelvis, which underscores the urgency of addressing this issue.

Yanique’s poignant account reveals how even black women physicians can internalize biases, perpetuating the cycle of pain dismissal. Her journey to find a doctor who would listen echoes the struggles of countless women navigating a healthcare system that fails to prioritize their well-being.

(Key Advocating for Change) However, amidst these challenges, there’s hope. Voices like Dr. Sheetal DeCaria are leading the charge for change. In her TEDxTalk, she sheds light on the pervasive bias against women’s pain in the medical field and calls for a paradigm shift in how we approach patient care.

Dr. DeCaria’s journey from physician to patient opened her eyes to the systemic flaws in pain management. Her impassioned plea for healthcare professionals to listen to their patients and challenge their own biases serves as reform.

Coming back to my friend’s story. She eventually decided to become part of the healthcare system because there was no one better than herself to show and care about others the way none cared about her illness. This is what I believe healthcare should be. A system that supports you, trusts you and will listen to you no matter your color, your race, your economic status.

(Conclusion) In conclusion, the dismissal of women’s pain is not just a medical issue; it’s a social injustice that demands our attention. By amplifying voices, sharing stories, and advocating for change, we can dismantle the barriers that prevent women from receiving the care they deserve. Together, let’s pave the way for a more equitable healthcare system. We together should no longer tolerate having our pain dismissal. Let’s together advocate for what matters. Your pain.

My main message is to advocate for women voices to be heard at the doctor’s office.

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In Letter, 540 Jewish Columbia Students Defend Zionism, Condemn Protests

The students wrote that “Zionism remains a pillar of our Jewish identities” and argued that many classmates do not understand its meaning.

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By Sharon Otterman

A group of Jewish Columbia students has written an emotional and forceful public letter that takes on one of the most divisive issues on college campuses: whether opposition to Israel should be equated with antisemitism.

In the letter, the students argue that “Judaism cannot be separated from Israel.” They also charge that anti-Zionist Jews who deny Israel’s right to exist and stand with pro-Palestinian protesters “tokenize themselves” and try to delegitimize the experiences of Zionist Jews on campus.

Some of the students who signed the letter , which had 540 signatories as of Thursday morning, have already spoken publicly against Columbia for the antisemitism they say they have faced there. One student testified before Congress about the issue; others have been counterprotesters at pro-Palestinian rallies. Others have not spoken out before.

In all, by Thursday the letter was signed by just over 10 percent of the estimated 5,000 Jewish undergraduates and graduate students at Columbia and its affiliated colleges. All signatories gave their names, college affiliation and year of graduation, unlike some public letters, that allow for anonymous signatures.

Titled “ In Our Name: A Message from Jewish Students at Columbia University ,” the letter represents the views of students who state that they love Israel, even though they do not always agree with the actions of the Israeli government.

“Our love for Israel does not necessitate blind political conformity,” the letter stated. “It’s quite the opposite. For many of us, it is our deep love for and commitment to Israel that pushes us to object when its government acts in ways we find problematic.”

The letter did not specifically critique any Israeli actions, stating that “our visions for Israel differ dramatically from one another.” Yet, it continued, “we all come from a place of love and an aspiration for a better future for Israelis and Palestinians alike.”

The letter comes as Columbia copes with a deeply divided campus reeling from two recent police interventions against pro-Palestinian activism on campus, including the takeover of a campus building that resulted in more than 200 arrests. On Monday, Nemat Shafik, Columbia’s president, canceled the main graduation ceremony, citing security concerns, and the main campus remains in a state of partial lockdown.

It was unclear how the letter would impact tensions on campus. Columbia and its affiliated schools have Jewish and non-Jewish faculty and students who are strongly anti-Zionist and who argue that Zionism is a not a requirement for Jewish identity.

At pro-Palestinian rallies on campuses at Columbia and beyond, the shouting of anti-Zionist slogans — including “we don’t want no Zionists here” — is common. Anti-Zionist demonstrators argue that this is not antisemitic, a distinction that not everyone accepts.

For students who identify as Zionists, it has been deeply hurtful.

The Anti-Defamation League defines Zionism as the movement for the self-determination and statehood for the Jewish people in their ancestral homeland in the land of Israel. But the definition is contested, and some see it as a movement that controversially conflates Jewish religious identity with a modern political, nationalist project.

The students in their letter seek to clarify what they believe it means and why they believe the way protesters interpret the concept is wrong.

“There’s a huge misconception that Zionism necessitates conformity with the Israeli government, and anti-Zionism means criticism of it,” said Elisha Baker, a Columbia undergraduate. “But that is not the case. And one of our goals is to make very clear that Zionism is the belief in Israel’s right to exist, and anti-Zionism is the denial of that right.”

Most of the signatories, the open letter stated, “did not choose to be political activists.” But they have felt compelled to speak because they feel demonized “under the cloak of anti-Zionism” and forced to publicly defend their Jewish and Zionist identities.

“We proudly believe in the Jewish People’s right to self-determination in our historic homeland as a fundamental tenet of our Jewish identity,” they wrote. “Contrary to what many have tried to sell you — no, Judaism cannot be separated from Israel. Zionism is, simply put, the manifestation of that belief.”

“We are proud to be Jews, and we are proud to be Zionists,” they wrote.

Mr. Baker wrote the letter, along with Eliana Goldin, Eden Yadegar and Rivka Yellin. Mr. Baker said in an interview that the letter began circulating among students on Saturday and that he expected the number of signatories to grow.

“This letter was about amplifying Jewish voices that have been silenced for seven months and about making very clear that there is a unified Jewish community on campus,” he said.

In the letter, the students said they felt betrayed and hurt by the views of many of their fellow students, and by the treatment some Zionist students faced at the encampment that took over a Columbia lawn for two weeks before being removed by police. The protesters who set up the tents have demanded, among other things, that the university divest from Israel.

The letter said that students were not surprised when one of the encampment’s leaders, Khymani James, said that “‘ Zionists don’t deserve to live ’ and that they were lucky he was “not just going out and murdering Zionists.”

Pro-Palestinian student organizers with Columbia’s encampment disavowed those comments, which were made in January, and Mr. James apologized. He has been suspended from school and banned from campus.

Maryam Alwan is an organizer with Columbia’s chapter of Students for Justice in Palestine, which was suspended last fall. She said in a recent interview: “I think that antisemitism is horrible, but I don’t think that using the conflation of antisemitism and anti-Zionism as an excuse to crack down on pro-Palestine advocacy is justifiable or related in any sense.”

The letter, though, disputes that distinction.

“If the last six months on campus have taught us anything, it is that a large and vocal population of the Columbia community does not understand the meaning of Zionism, and subsequently does not understand the essence of the Jewish People,” the students wrote. “Yet despite the fact that we have been calling out the antisemitism we’ve been experiencing for months, our concerns have been brushed off and invalidated.”

The students ended the letter on a note of conciliation, saying they want to work to repair the campus together.

“While campus may be riddled with hateful rhetoric and simplistic binaries now, it is never too late to start repairing the fractures and begin developing meaningful relationships across political and religious divides,” they wrote. “Our tradition tells us, ‘ Love peace and pursue peace. ’”

Sharon Otterman is a Times reporter covering higher education, public health and other issues facing New York City. More about Sharon Otterman

Our Coverage of the Israel-Hamas War

News and Analysis

President Biden warned that the United States would withhold certain weapons  if Israel launches a long-threatened assault on the southern Gaza city of Rafah.

As fears grow that an incursion by Israeli ground forces could lead to a full-scale invasion of Rafah, tens of thousands  of people have fled the city .

The U.N. has warned that Israel’s incursion into Rafah and closure of border crossings is a major setback for aid operations in Gaza .

Netanyahu's Concerns: Prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel, under pressure from all sides, is trying to reassure his many domestic, military and diplomatic critics. Here’s a look at what he is confronting .

Al Jazeera Shutdown: The influential Arab news network says it will continue reporting from Gaza and the West Bank, but its departure from Israel marks a new low in its long-strained history with the country .

Hobbling Education for Years: Most of Gaza’s schools, including all 12 of its universities, have severe damage that makes them unusable , which could harm an entire generation of students, the U.N. and others say.

Nonviolent Resistance in the West Bank: Issa Amro, a Palestinian activist who has been arrested and beaten for simple acts of defiance, is aiming to emulate Gandhi  at a time when violence is inescapable.

• News Releases

Using AI to predict GPA from college application essays

Jonah Berger and Olivier Toubia used natural language processing to understand what drives academic success. The authors analyzed over 20,000 college application essays from a large public university that attracts students from a range of racial, cultural, and economic backgrounds and found that the semantic volume of the writing, or how much ground an application essay covered predicted college performance, as measured by grade point average. Essays that covered more semantic ground predicted higher grades. Similarly, essays with smaller conceptual jumps between successive parts of its discourse predicted higher grades. These trends held even when researchers controlled for factors including SAT score, parents’ education, gender, ethnicity, college major, essay topics, and essay length. Some of these factors, such as parents’ education and the student’s SAT scores, encode information about family background, suggesting that the linguistic features of semantic volume and speed are not determined solely by socioeconomic status. According to the authors, the results demonstrate that the topography of thought, or the way people express and organize their ideas, can provide insight into their likely future success.

Article Title

The topography of thought

Article Publication Date

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