aiou solved assignment 1 code 201 spring 2022

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Aiou code 201 islamiat solved assignments spring and autumn.

Allama Iqbal Open University  (AIOU) is a famous establishment in Pakistan that caters to the tutorial wants of various vary of scholars. AIOU provides varied applications and programs, making schooling accessible to people from all walks of life. Among the many programs supplied by AIOU, Islamiat (Code 201) is an outstanding one, because it performs a pivotal position in fostering an understanding of Islamic teachings and values. University students usually search for help with their assignments, particularly through the Spring and Autumn semesters. On this weblog, we’ll discover the significance of solved assignments and the way they can assist University students in excelling in AIOU’s Islamiat course.

The Significance of AIOU Code 201 Islamiat

AIOU Code 201 Islamiat is a foundational course that gives University students a complete understanding of Islamic teachings, historical past, and rules. Through this course, University students delve into the Quran, Hadith, and the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), gaining beneficial insights into their significance and relevance in up-to-date instances. Islamiat isn’t just a course; it is a chance to foster a deeper reference to one’s religion and heritage.

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Note: If you want more solved assignments of all other codes Click Here

علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی کی ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوِئی حل شدہ مشقیں حاصل کرنے کے لیے رابطہ کریں

Download AIOU Text Books Key Books Guess Papers And Notes

Download aiou past papers last five years old papers, assignments in aiou code 201.

Assignments within the AIOU Code 201 Islamiat course are an important facet of the educational course. They’re designed to gauge University students’ understanding of the subject material and their skill in using their data. Assignments cover a variety of subjects, together with the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), Islamic jurisprudence, and varied facets of the Islamic historical past. Finishing these assignments successfully is crucial for reaching success within the course.

Challenges Faced by Students

AIOU Code 201 Islamiat, like another course, comes with its personal set of challenges. University students usually find it tough to handle their time, collect related assets, and assemble well-structured assignments. The challenges could also be exacerbated through the Spring and Autumn semesters as a consequence of elements like work commitments, household duties, or well-being points. That is the place where solved assignments come into play.

AIOU Code 201 Islamiat is a course that holds nice significance for a lot of University students because it deepens their understanding of Islamic teachings and heritage. Assignments play an important position in this course, and solved assignments might be a useful resource for University students, notably through the Spring and Autumn semesters when time could also be restricted. These solved assignments can help University students in greedy the project necessities, studying from examples, managing their time successfully, and finally enhancing their grades. Nonetheless, it’s essential for University students to make use of solved assignments as guides for their very own work and never as an alternative to their very own efforts and important pondering. With dedication and the best assets, success in AIOU Code 201 Islamiat is attained.

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Download AIOU Solved Assignments 2021: Spring & Autumn • PDFs

Now you can download your AIOU Solved Assignments either of Semester Spring or Semester Autumn for FREE. All assignments are in PDF and easily accesible for the students.

So, here below are the Solved Assignments for Matric, Intermediate (FA, I.Com), Bachelors (BS, BA, B.Ed), Masters (MA, MEd, M. phil), PhD. Find AIOU Tutor online for All Program by Roll Number

Note : All Assignments are uploaded and updated from third-party service. If some assignments are not available then wait for a span of time. We do not upload these assignment directly from us.

Check Also: Download AIOU Books in PDF online of All Program

AIOU Intermediate (FA, I.Com) Solved Assignments 2021

Students who take admission in AIOU Intermediate Programs are really newbies to AIOU System and not much familiar with the AIOU Rules and Regulations.

Allama Iqbal Open University Intermediate (FA, I.Com) solved assignments are available in PDF Format and you can easily save these or download these files into your Mobile or PC easily.

Download your AIOU Intermediate Solved Assignments from the above mentioned button.

Note: Check AIOU Tutor Letter online by Roll Number [Updated]

AIOU B.Ed Solved Assignments 2021

Allama Iqbal Open University offers B.Ed program of 1.5, 2.5 & 4 years. You have to submit your Assignments in each semester and it is mandatory to get passing marks in each assignment.

All assignments are updated for AIOU B.Ed program for 2021 in Semester Spring & Semester Autumn on the page.

Click on the link above above and download your desired solved assignment in PDF, which will be easily accessible.

Note: Check AIOU BA Program Details [Admission, Fee, Result, Books]

AIOU BA Solved Assignments 2021

BA (Gen. Group) is the most enrolled program by students in Allama Iqbal Open University. And, students have to submit their assignments because the Obtained Marks in assignments will be counted in final exams.

So, download all BA codes assignments from the below button of both Semester Spring & Semester Autumn.

If you can an assignment of a specific code is missing or there is any issue regarding this then you may let us know by sending us a comment from below.

Note: Download AIOU Books in PDF 2021

AIOU BS ODL Solved Assignments 2021

There is a wide-range program offered by Allama Iqbal Open University to its students. Students of BS ODL are also required to send Assignments to their Tutor every semester.

All assignments will be checked by your tutor and the Obtained Marks will be counted counted in final exams.

Note: Check AIOU Date Sheet of All Programs 2021

AIOU Associate Degree Program (ADP) Solved Assignments 2021

Associate Degree Program is also a best choice for the students of AIOU. Assignments are also mandatory for ADP students to submit them to assigned tutor.

You are requested not to copy these solved assignments as same as they are. All these solved assignments are just for your guidance.

Note: Check AIOU Roll Number Slip 2021

AIOU Masters (MA, MSc, M.Ed) Solved Assignments 2021

All you need to download the AIOU MA, M.Ed Assignments is click on the click below button. It will redirect you to dedicated page for AIOU Solved Assignments.

Solved Assignments for both Semester Spring & Semester Autumn are updated. All these solved assignments are just a click away.

Note: Check AIOU Result 2021 by Roll Number [Updated]

How to submit AIOU Assignments?

Well, now in this 2002 Allama Iqbal Open University has provided two options to submit their assignments. Either you can use AIOU LMS (Agahi Portal) to submit your assignments or you can send your assignments to your Tutor.

So, first of check your Updated AIOU Tutor Letter record from here.

And, just send these assignments in an envalope at your Tutor Address.

And, the second option is to scan your hand-written assignments to soft-form and upload them on AIOU LMS (Agahi Portal).

Keep remembered that the maximum size for one assignment to upload is 5 MB and only PDF or DOCX files are permitted.

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You can use any Scanner (CamScanner) in your Mobile Phone and can scan the pages of written assignments to a PDF file in that Scanner App.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

How much assignments marks are added in final result.

It is mandatory for every student to submit the assignments and get passing marks in Assignments. In the final result, 70% Marks are counted from your Final Exams and 30% Marks are counted from your Assignments.

What if I do not submit Assignments?

If you do not submit your assignments or you are failed to get passing marks in assignments then in your result Re-Appear will be written. This means that you have to take the exams again and have to submit your assignments again.

Is it necessary to submit Assignments to Allama Iqbal Open University- AIOU?

Yes, It is necessary to submit AIOU Assignments to your tutor else you will be considered to fail in your final result. You will also get failed in your final results if you are unable to get passing marks in your assignments. Your AOU Tutor marks your assignments in the same way as your papers are checked in the annual examination.

How I can download these AIOU Solved Assignments?

Well, you can download these solved assignments in PDF by going to the section for which you want to download Solved Assignments. If you want to download AIOU Solved Assignment for the B.Ed program then click on the Button above for B.Ed solved assignment. And, you will be directed toward a dedicated page for B.Ed Solved Assignments where you can download them in PDF.

What if I get failed in Assignment Marks even after sending them to Tutor?

If you sent your written assignments to your tutor or uploaded them on AIOU LMS portal and still you get failed in Assignments Marks then you should contact AIOU Regional office. Provide them your receipt of sending assignments to Tutor and fill an Application Form for the correction of your result.

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AIOU (FA/I.Com) Solved Assignments spring 2022

Aiou (fa/i.com) solved assignments for spring 2022.

AIOU solved assignments for spring 2022 of FA / Fsc / I.Com are available. Any student can download AIOU solved assignment spring 2022 of FA level from .

AIOU Intermediate  (FA/I.Com) spring 2022 Solved Assignments

Assalam-O-Alaikum! At This Page, You Can Get Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad FA / I.COM Class Solved Assignments For spring 2022. You Can Download Solved Assignments Of spring 2022 From The Available Link At Down Below.

Aiou Study.pk Provides FA / I.COM Class Solved Assignments Of Autumn 2021 That Is Available For Download. You Can Also Join Me At My YOUTUBE Channel Of AIOU study For More Updates. here. Click on the concerned subject for a download assignment.

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AIOU Solved Assignment Spring 2022 BS Programs

Here you can download AIOU solved assignment spring 2022 BS for free. Recently Allama Iqbal open the university and announce the BS program on a regular and private basis. Students all over Pakistan can get admission to BS programs.

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AIOU Solved Assignments Code Matric 201-2nd Autumn & Spring 2024 Course: Islamiyat (201) Spring 2024. AIOU past papers

ASSIGNMENT No: 1 Islamiyat (201-2nd) Matric (2 years) Autumn & Spring 2024

AIOU Solved Assignments Code 201-2nd Autumn & Spring 2024

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AIOU Code 201 Solved Assignment No.3 (Spring 2021)

AIOU Matric Assignments AIOU Studio 9 4.4K 9th Jun, 2021

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Download Allama Iqbal Open University Solved Assignments in PDF for Matric Spring 2021 Semester. Subject Title: Islamiat (Lazmi) Course Code: 0201 Solved Assignment No: 3 Spring 2021 and Onwards Format: PDF

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Solved Assignment Course Code: 1425 aiou Semester: Spring 2022

Solved assignment       course code: 1425          aiou        semester: spring 2022                                                         assignment: 1,  question no 1: what are the standard international communication guideline commonly used for printed document when designing a site for a professional international audience.

Answer: The responsibility of a writer to produce reader-friendly documents extends to layout, design, and organizational elements surrounding the words themselves. If an email or report were simply a wall of undifferentiated text running for several screens or pages, any reader would be daunted by the prospect of having to scale that wall. Fortunately, writers can use document templates that make those design choices for them with established styles so that writing a document becomes a matter of just filling in the blanks; if you work for a company that uses templates for certain documents, of course you will use them also for consistency and your own convenience. Even without templates, however, you can use several techniques to help guide your readers’ eyes across the page or screen to easily find what they’re looking for. Rather than being optional nice-to- haves, such techniques are crucially important to how well your document is received. 

Almost every document that exists as a standalone unit must have a title that accurately represents its contents in a nutshell. It’s the first thing a reader looks for to understand what a document is all about and should thus be easily found centred at the top of the first page of any small document, and prominently placed on the cover of larger documents. Though some documents represent exceptions to this rule (e.g., business letters lack titles, and many lack subject lines), any document that brings with it the expectation of a title but omits it is like a grotesquely decapitated body; readers just won’t know what to make of it. Even emails and memos have titles in the form of subject lines. In whatever document you find it, a title’s following characteristics make it essential to your reader’s understanding of the whole: Topic summary: A title is the most concise summary possible of a topic while still making sense. If you glance at a news website or newspaper, for instance, you can get a reasonably good sense of what’s going on in the world just by reading the headlines because they are titles that, in as few words as possible, summarize the narratives told in the articles that follow. Conciseness: Aim for a length in the 2- to 7-word range—something that can be said repeatedly in one short breath. One-word titles are appropriate only for art (e.g., for books, films, songs, albums, etc.), but most other professional documents use a reasonable number of words to give a sense of the topic, albeit streamlined to the point of having no words that don’t absolutely need to be there. In scientific papers, titles can be quite long and carry plenty of detail, though you can expect that their audiences will rarely pronounce the full title. Headings and subheadings After the main title of a document, using headings and subheadings as titles for sections and subsections helps guide the reader around a document’s breakdown of topics. Especially in reports, headings and subheadings that stand out in bold typeface flush (or close) to the left margin and follow a consistent numbering system, exactly as you see in this textbook, help a busy reader quickly locate any specific content they seek. Even a routine email that covers a topic in so much detail that it could be internally divided—without being so big that its content should just go into a document attachment—would benefit from bolded headings If your drafting process follows the guide in this chapter, then you would have already drafted your headings and subheadings (and possibly numbering if necessitated by the size of the document) in your outline. The drafting process of fleshing out that outline may suggest tweaks to those heading and subheading titles. As titles, headings must be properly phrased and capitalized like main titles. Font selection is an important consideration because it determines how the audience will receive a document. Font involves decisions concerning the style of type, size, and even colour. Consider the following: Writers considering typeface must choose between two major style categories depending on how they would like to accommodate their reader. Serif fonts like Times New Roman and Garamond have little perpendicular crossline “feet” or “hands” at the ends of letter strokes, as well as variable thickness in the strokes themselves depending on their horizontal/vertical or curving position, which altogether help readers distinguish between similar letters or combinations of letters, such as m and m, which almost look like the same letter in a non-serif font. Serif fonts are ideal for printed documents, especially those with smallish font sizes such as newspapers. Without serifs, sans-serif fonts like Arial (the one used in this textbook) or Verdana achieve a more clean and modem look, especially on computer screens where serif fonts appear to whither away at the thin part of the stroke and are thus harder to read. In the appropriate format, all the fonts mentioned above make a document look respectable. Comic Sans, on the other hand, is appropriate for documents aimed at children, but undermines the credibility of any professional document, such as when the unfortunate choice to use it when reporting CERN particle physics discoveries became more newsworthy than the discoveries themselves Size is another important consideration because readers depend on text being an ideal “Goldilocks” size for readability and are frustrated by font sizes that are bigger or smaller than that. In a standard written document, for instance, a 12- point Arial or Times New Roman is the Goldilocks size. If the MS Word default size when you open a blank document is 11-point, it’s worth increasing it for the sake of those who have slight visual impainnent. A choice of colour may also enter into document design considerations, in which case, again, the needs of the reader must be accommodated. Used appropriately, a touch of colour can draw the eye to important text. Colouring your name red at the top of your resume is effective if few or no other elements in the document are so coloured because your name is essentially the title of your document Boldface, italics, and underlining Boldface, italics, and underlining serve various purposes in focusing audience attention on certain words. Boldface type is especially helpful in directing audience eyes towards titles, headings, and keywords as you can see at the beginning of this paragraph and throughout this textbook. Highlighting in this way is especially helpful to anyone who is visually impaired in any degree. Of course, overusing boldface undermines its impact, so it should be used sparingly and strategically. Line spacing Single-spaced lines are common to most documents because they accommodate the reader’s need to dart quickly to the next line to continue reading a sentence. The gap between 1.0-spaced lines is just enough to clearly separate one line from another so the hanging elements at the bottom of letters like j and g don’t interfere with the tops of uppercase letters on the line below. Some documents such as academic manuscripts are double-spaced to give readers, who are usually the instructors or teaching assistants grading them, enough space to write comments and editorial marks between the lines. Because doubling the line spacing also doubles the number of pages in a print version, avoid double­spacing documents for audiences who don’t explicitly require it.

Question no 2: Ethics has a vital role in technical writing. What ethical points should be considered by a writer in the process of writing a proposal? 

Answer: In day-to-day life, most people have a sort of sliding scale on what constitutes ethical behavior: they would not tell a direct lie on trivial matters if doing so would hurt someone’s feelings. For example, you might tell your best friend her new haircut looks attractive when in fact you believe that it does not. This lie, though minor, preserves your friend’s feelings and does no harm to her or anyone else. Some might consider the context before determining how to act. For example, you might not tell a stranger that he was trailing toilet paper but you  would tell a friend. In a more serious situation, a person might not choose to die to save a stranger’s life, but she might risk dying to save her children’s lives. Ethical behavior, including ethical technical communication, involves not just telling the truth and providing accurate information, but telling the truth and providing information so that a reasonable audience knows the truth. It also means that you act to prevent actual harm, with set criteria for what kinds and degrees of harm are more serious than others (for example, someone’s life outweighs financial damage to your company; your company’s success outweighs your own irritation). As a guideline, ask yourself what would happen if your action (or non-action) became public. If you would go to prison, lose your friends, lose your job, or even just feel really embarrassed, the action is probably unethical. Typical Ethics Issues in Technical Writing: There are a few issues that may come up when researching a topic for the business or technical world that a writer must consider. Research that does not support the project idea In a technical report that contains research, a writer might discover conflicting data which does not support the projects’ goal. For example, your small company continues to have problems with employee morale. Research shows bringing in an outside expert, someone who is unfamiliar with the company and the stakeholders, has the potential to impact the greatest change. You discover, however, that to bring in such an expert is cost prohibitive. You struggle with whether to leave this information out of your report, thereby encouraging your employer to pursue and action that is really not feasible. Suppressing relevant information Imagine you are researching a report for a parents’ group that wants to change the policy in the local school district requiring all students to be vaccinated. You collect a handful of sources that support the group’s goal, but then you discover medical evidence that indicates vaccines do more good than potential harm in society. Since you are employed by this parents’ group, should you leave out the medical evidence, or do you have a responsibility to include all research, even some that might sabotage the groups’ goal. Limited source information in research Thorough research requires that a writer integrates information from a variety of reliable sources. These sources should demonstrate that the writer has examined the topic from as many angles as possible. This includes scholarly and professional research, not just from a single database or journal, for instance, but from a variety. Using a variety of sources helps the writer avoid potential bias that can occur from relying on only a few experts. If you were writing a report on the real estate market in Central Oregon, you would not collect data from only one broker’s office. While this office might have access to broader data on the real estate market, as a writer you run the risk of looking biased if you only chose materials from this one source. Collecting information from multiple brokers would demonstrate thorough and unbiased research. Unlike personal or academic writing, technical and professional writing can be used to evaluate your job performance and can have implications that a writer may or may not have considered. Whether you are writing for colleagues within your workplace or outside vendors or customers, you will want to build a solid, well-earned favorable reputation for yourself with your writing. Your goal is to maintain and enhance your credibility, and that of your organization, at all times. Quoting the work of others in your writing is fine, provided that you credit the source fully enough that your readers can find it on their own. If you fail to take careful notes, or the sentence is present in your writing but later fails to get accurate attribution, it can have a negative impact on you and your organization. That is why it is important that when you find an element you would like to incorporate in your document, in the same moment as you copy and paste or make a note of it in your research file, you need to note the source in a complete enough form to find it again. Giving credit where credit is due will build your credibility and enhance your document. Moreover, when your writing is authentically yours, your audience will catch your enthusiasm, and you will feel more confident in the material you produce. Just as you have a responsibility in business to be honest in selling your product of service and avoid cheating your customers, so you have a responsibility in business writing to be honest in presenting your idea, and the ideas of others, and to avoid cheating your readers with plagiarized material.

Question no 3: What are the key differences between formal and informal reports in technical writing. Give relevant examples.

Answer: Informal Report Informal reports are typically internal reports, and can go to other members of the department and department heads. They are also used for reports that will circulate throughout the company. They use personal pronouns and contractions. Though the report may be several sections long, it is typically much shorter than a formal report. No contents page is included. Informal reports can even be formatted like a memo. Informal Structure Your introduction and conclusion are included in the body of the report, and there is no abstract. Include very short headings, if necessary. In the introduction, briefly state the problem, what you have done and your final conclusion. You have a target audience, so speak directly to them in your discussion. State the facts and do not embellish the details, but make sure the report is understandable. Remind the reader what your conclusions were. Your report will be right- justified with a 10- to 12-point font. Include your recommendations and the progress you have made toward solving the problem. Be positive about the expectations and recommendations. Formal Report If you are writing a report for upper management or for another organization, you will need a formal report. Formal reports are also used for research papers in higher education. Formal reports are longer and well researched. Formal reports are impersonal, rarely using personal pronouns and contractions. Summaries are located on separate pages and usually have more than one heading. Formal reports may also be preceded by a proposal. Include a contents page if your report is more than five pages long. A cover letter or memo may be required. Include a cover page that is resembles a book cover. The abstract briefly summarizes the problem, the process of research and final conclusions in one page or less. Your title page will cover the title of the report, the person who compiled the report, the publisher and submission date. Summarize your initial thesis or the purpose of the study, and include all the details that are necessary for your audience to completely understand the question. Include a table of contents and a list of tables and figures. The body of your report will include an introduction, overview of the research and final conclusions and recommendations. End your report with acknowledgements, a list of references where you located your research and any appendices.

Question no 4: define memos and describe the major components of memos. Write a memo to inform the authorities about the problem faced by AIOU Computer Centre in the installation of new equipment in the Centre.

Answer: A memo (or memorandum, meaning “reminder”) is normally used for communicating policies, procedures, or related official business within an organization. It is often written from a one-to-all perspective (like mass communication), broadcasting a message to an audience, rather than a one-on- one, interpersonal communication. It may also be used to update a team on activities for a given project, or to inform a specific group within a company of an event, action, or observance. A memo’s purpose is often to inform, but it occasionally includes an element of persuasion or a call to action. All organizations have informal and formal communication networks. The unofficial, informal communication network within an organization is often called the grapevine, and it is often characterized by rumour, gossip, and innuendo. On the grapevine, one person may hear that someone else is going to be laid off and start passing the news around. Rumours change and transform as they are passed from person to person, and before you know it, the word is that they are shutting down your entire department. Tasks and Resolutions If the purpose of your memo is to explain the tasks that you will be performing in response to the context, you can say so in the next part of the memo. For  example, you can say, "I will be looking into the market research for technology ..." This gives the reader an idea of the next steps you are taking. Supporting Research and Ideas Some memos call for the inclusion of details. If you need to include statistics, data or market research information, provide these details in a new paragraph. For example, if you were writing about technology market research, you'd might include statistics on customer demand and sales of competitors along with key statistics about the industry. These supporting ideas are known as the discussion portion of the memo. Conclusion and Further Discussion Wrap up your memo with a brief conclusion that tells the reader what you hope he gained from reading it. The closing segment should also let the reader know that you welcome questions or comments for discussion. For example, you might encourage the reader to email or call you if they have ideas about potential technological solutions for the company. You could also inform them about a future business meeting on the topic you have planned. Documents and Other Attachments If you refer to graphs, charts, policies, reports, minutes or other business documents in your memo, attach them to the back of the memo. For example, you might have a table showing the costs and potential benefits of new technology or a white paper about the innovation. Include on the memo page a note at the bottom that one or more documents is attached.

Question no 5: Create a list of five to eight questions about a topic you want to research for each question, indicate the kind of a resource you need (boom, recent article and website).

Answer: How communication skills enhance the career? (Source: Articles) Which type of skills is necessary for human being? (Source: Website) Which problem faced by the students in listening comprehension while teaching English? (Source: Articles) How can we identify the basic problems faced by the students at graduation level while acquiring English as a second language? (Source: Boom) What are the basic obstacles faced by undergraduate students while learning English language? (Source: Website) How the students, studying at graduation level can cross the barriers in communication while learning English as second language? (Source: Boom) Why the undergraduate students face embarrassment while communicating in second language? (Source: Website)

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Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignments of Spring 2022

Aiou pakistan studies code 202 assignments of matric class spring 2022.

Download Free AIOU Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignments of Matric Class SPRING 2022 For Exam Preparation

There are 4 assignments for this course. You will find all the assignments below.

اس کورس کی 4 اسائنمنٹ ہیں آپ کو سب اسائنمنٹ نیچے مل جائے گی۔.

Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignment Number 1

Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignment Number 2

Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignment Number 3

Pakistan Studies Code 202 Assignment Number 4

• Important Note:

1. Allama Iqbal Open University ASSIGNMENTS :-

First and foremost Assignments are an essential part of the students. Because this plays a very important role. Moreove r , you can’t clear your semester without assignments. Most Importantly send your assignments in time. However, you can not pass exams without assignments. In other words, your attendance in exams is wasteless.

2. Assignments Recommendation:-

You will be considered to fail without submitting your assignment. In other words, even if you get 95% marks in the examination you will be considered as fail. If you clear your assignments, you have the chance to appear in the examination. Therefore you can have 3 attempts to appear.

Following are the passing marks of each assignment

• 1st Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
• 2nd Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
• 3rd Assignment must have at least 50% marks.
• 4th Assignment must have at least 50% marks.

In contrast, subjects having 2 assignments follow the above same percentage.

Above All AIOU Master Academy strives to help AIOU students. Moreover, we provide exam preparation notes like Key books ,  Guess papers , and  5 years papers.

3. Academy Mission:-

First of all our mission is to educate our young generation. Secondly Academy tries its best to build civilized and sophisticated mankind in our country. besides, we are not indulged in any kind of miscellaneous activity that detracts students to take any shortcut in their education. subsequently, we always promote legal education as a priority, as well as help students self-learning and build skills to perform best in their future.

4. Earnings:-

Our basic earning is by selling hardcopy notes like  Key books ,  Guess papers , and 5 years’ Papers to students at a very reasonable price. The Academy doesn’t earn by providing any kind of consultancy services. We assist students on Call  or  WhatsApp nor do we have premium support like others to earn money from needy students.

5. Free Notes:-

We also provide free  Guess Papers ,  5 Years Papers , and Soft Copy of  Assignments to students on our website. Assignments are only available on the website for guidelines and awareness about the conten t and pattern of related courses.

6. Online Earning:-

Despite this, our earnings are from the internet, YouTube ,  and  Google . Similarly, They pay us because of the ads they publish on our YouTube channel or on our website.

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• Urdu For Daily Use Code 204 Assignments of Autumn 2023 28/11/2023

• Bachelor (B.A/B.Com) + Associate Degree , Home

AIOU Course Code 1424-1 Solved Assignment Spring 2022

ASSIGNMENT No. 1

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Q.1   Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to ‘academic writing’ and various types of ‘essays’) and briefly answer the following questions (in your own words).                 

• What is ‘academic writing’? How is it different from other types of writing?

Academic writing is the style of writing we use in the field of academics. Research projects, term papers, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc. in various disciplines are written in this style. The main difference between academic writing and other styles of writings is that it is more formal and structured. Academic writing also has its own set of rules and structures. The target audience or the readers of academic writing is the scholars of the same discipline.

Academic writing is generally objective, concise and impersonal. It is also more complex than general writing and may consist of technical jargon. Precision is also another very important factor in academic writing.  Punctuation and grammar  should be strictly followed. Contractions (don’t, can’t, etc.),  slang  or informal words, clichés, unnecessary filler words such as really, very, etc. should also be avoided in academic writing.

Referencing and citations  is another major difference in academic writing. In academic writing, the writer is expected to support his argument by citing evidence by other sources. However, this evidence from other sources always has to be properly attributed according to an accepted style guide such as  APA, MLA ,  Chicago and Harvard referencing .

Writing for non-academic and no-technical purposes can be described as general writing. This is the style of writing we use in our day to day life. Diary and journal entries, letters, emails, newspaper articles, advertisements, posters, etc. are all written in a general writing style. Although general writing also requires correct spelling and grammar, it is not as strict as academic writing. In addition, there are no restrictions on the use of slang, contractions, clichés and other words. General writing can be informal, formal or semi-formal, but it’d be simpler and easier to understand than academic writing. There is also no need to use strict referencing and citation in general writing. Academic Writing  is used in research projects, conference papers, essays, abstracts, reports, etc.

General Writing  is used in letters, emails, newspaper articles, diary and journal entries, etc. Academic Writing  uses formal, objective, concise language. General Writing  uses informal, semi-formal language.

• What is ‘analysis essay’? Write an analysis essay on ‘Internet’.

An analytical essay is a piece of writing that provides substantive analysis of a topic. Analysis papers can be written about art, music, literary works, current events, historical events, politics, scientific research, and philosophy, among other topics. Analytical essays are common in academic settings, and they also appear in magazines, newspapers, academic journals, trade journals. A good analytical essay can explain and contextualize basic information for the benefit of a reader. Analytical essays serve two purposes, one for the reader and one for the writer. High school teachers and college professors assign analytical papers to help their students grow as writers and thinkers. Analytical papers boost a student’s writing skills and enhance their comprehension of a particular topic.

Analytical essays also benefit readers. Newspapers and magazines routinely publish critical analysis essays to help their readers make sense of the news of the day. These types of essays enable authors, who may be experts in their fields, to educate their fellow citizens on matters of politics, economics, art, architecture, culture, and many other subjects of importance.

Analysis essay on ‘Internet’

Internet  has already firmly established in the life of modern people. Practically no one can imagine their lives without it, whether they study, work, sit at home or travel around the world. The age when people start using it is on constant decrease, and I will not be surprised if I find out that my 10-year-old neighbor knows how to use it better than me.

Although there are the tendencies I just described, there are certain people who consider this  technology to be harmful  and of no real good to people. Well, what can I say? Those who say so just don’t know what they are talking about, because if they did, they would understand that the  advantages of Internet  usage greatly outweigh the drawbacks it may sometimes have.

First of all,  Internet is a valuable source of information . Yes, people not so long ago succeeded to get education and be informed of the latest news without the web, but does it mean that we should stop using it for information purposes? I don’t think so. Previously people had to spend  many hours in the libraries , writing and rewriting the  necessary information . It took much time and nerves. Today all you have to do if you need some data is access it from your home, sitting in your favorite chair and maybe even listening to music. Isn’t it great? The opportunities it gives to students and all the people who like to be informed are just immense.

Q.2   Read pages 24-30 carefully (the content is about various parts of an academic essay) and write an academic essay (of about 150 words) on ‘My Favorite Subject’.        

My favorite subject among all subjects is English. When I was studying in the primary section then only I loved to study English, as the book was filled up with different interesting stories. We had two books of English up to class 8th. Further, we had one book containing drama. We have separate teachers for teaching us grammar and literature. I eagerly wait for the period of English.

The subject of English helps me in increasing my vocabulary and reading capability. I am fond of reading stories and poems and later on, I use to write it all in my own words. We also have our assignments. We have to perform skits or presentations on the provided topic. I choose to perform a skit and always did the role of the narrator. English is a subject that helps me in improving my writing skills. I wrote many small stories based on my imagination and my story was published in our school library collection.

Q.3   Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the following text and how?                                                                                  

This is a formal writing because the text is of academic point of view.

Q.4   Read Unit 2 which is on ‘sequence’ or ‘chronological order’ (pages 39-72). Sequence is a writing technique that writers use to present information in a step by step manner or in a process or in a sequence (of story, for example).        

Now LINK (connect) sentences (given in the following text) by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS (such as first, secondly, subsequently, then, after, finally, at last etc.). You are required to use at least TEN sequence markers in your answer.

Firstly , the early death of his mother in the Indiana wilderness, then a rude upbringing verging on the ill-mannered, the damage of rough and tumble frontier politics, unbearable mental breakdown resulting from uncertainty in life, all these played their role in the life of Lincoln. Subsequently the hurts of a not altogether happy marriage, and, then the loss of an infant son, all these had added their traces to the life of this great leader.

Q.5   Read the text titled as ‘A Day in the Life of a Nurse’ on pages 56-57 carefully. Also read Exercise-9 given on page 58. Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on ‘A Day in the Life of a Bank Manager’. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.

At exactly 5:30 am the alarm clock besides Ms Sarah goes off prompting her out of bed. Ms Mayanja has to rise early because of the nature of her family situation and new position as branch Manager of Equatorial Bank Ltd.

Her husband of 5 years, Sam, works up – country in Gulu, Northern Uganda, for a relief and development NGO and visits over the weekend. This means during his absence Ms sarah has to drop their 5-year-old son, Ali, at Aunt Molly’s kindergarten. Their three- year old, Sobia, is left in the care of a maid.

Quickly, with the help of her maid, she sees that Ali is dressed and readied for school. They sit down to breakfast by 6:30 and by 7:00 am there are both out of the driveway in a jet- blue Toyota Corsa while listening to their favourite morning show on 104.1 Power FM.

After dropping Ali at school, Sarah heads to the Acacia branch of Equatorial Bank and drops in by her normal time of 8 a.m. The first thing she does once in her office is to look at her diary and plot a to – do list.  She always purposes to get through her in- tray before 9 a.m and then go through the day’s errand.

Sarah’s number-one prior­ity is customer service-keeping current customers satisfied and signing up new ones. Privatization has intensified competition in the banking sector.  No longer are the days of sitting back and waiting for corporate customers; the modern banker has to go out scouting for new customers, which is part of Sarah’s job.

To bring in new customers, she tries to make visits each day to potential business clients. Unless she finds the time for such visits, she is unlikely to meet her target of expanding the branch’s business-customer base. Her immediate boss, Mr. Fred Nsereko, the General Manager of Retail banking gave her a target of bringing in 50 new clients with a portfolio worth over $ 2 million each this year. She has already scheduled two important appointments today. One visit will be to Fang Fang restaurant whose proprietor wants to expand her lucrative business.

Another target is lawyers. She has already sent letters to the Uganda Law Society President, Mr. Shafiq Nkuruziza, trying to interest them in a special type of account that lets lawyers purchase Mercedes Benzes on credit. She hopes to find time to visit the Law society offices before Lunchtime, as she has to pick up Ali from school.

Sarah has also a personnel problem to handle in the day. A competitor bank recently recruited one of her assistant managers, Yvonne Nambi, and she has to talk to Human Resource to find her a suitable replacement.  Sarah is happy that her people are competitive but she knows that the bank is weak in succession planning and hopes the Human Resource department devises a way to bridge the effect of these departures.

Sarah has also another personnel problem to handle. Lately, she has observed that Customer Relationship Manager, Musa Byamugisha, seems to be undermining her suggestions. She knows that Musa, who she hears is a relation to a certain Board member, had thought that the promotion would go to him yet in the end it was offered to her. She wonders also if Musa is ignoring her because she is a female and quiet younger than him. But Sarah knows that she was only promoted because of her proven track record. She decides she has to talk to Musa on the issue of insubordination late in the afternoon.

Sarah reviews her in-tray. There is a Memo containing new procedures she is to initiate at the branch, as well as information about new promotions (discounts on traveller’s checks and incentives to open checking ac­counts) that must be implemented. She then opens her Local Area Network mail system. There over 30 mails but she focuses on those addressed to her and near her concern. The rest she can catch up on later.

As she is going through her mail, a credit assistant knocks on the door and enters. Sarah keeps an open door and staff can access her anytime. The credit assistant has a report showing clients with rejected debits, indicat­ing insufficient funds. On the basis of a customer’s account history, Sarah must decide whether to cover a check or let it bounce.

Since this is a Monday, Sarah holds staff meetings at 9 a.m., to review the bank’s performance last week and plans for the week.  The meeting with her senior managers lasts less than an hour, as a rule for there is so much to do in the day.

During the peak time in the middle of the day, Sarah does what she calls Management by Walking Around (MBWA)- pitch­ing in and helping her staff whenever needed. She might review loan applications, talk with customers, or handle special prob­lems, such as the breakdown of an automated teller machine. If cus­tomer lines get particularly long, she works at a teller window. She must also sometimes deal with irate cus­tomers, who may be upset because lines are long or a mistake has been made.

Still, as much as possible, she likes to leave the operations of the branch to her assistant managers. Otherwise, she might get caught up in day-to-day problems and lose sight of her, main task-getting more customers for the bank and meeting her targets. Besides, she also feels the best way to help people grow in confidence is by letting them grow in their jobs.

Q.6   Read the text titled as ‘Planting a Tree: A Step by Step Guide’ on pages 60-61 carefully. Now draw a flow chart for ‘Shopping Online’ and write a paragraph on it by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS.

Q.7   Read the text titled as ‘Pollution’ on pages 98-91 carefully and complete the following tasks briefly:                                                                                    

• Define air pollution.

Air pollution is caused by a combination of gaseous and particulate pollutants such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrogen dioxide emitted from point sources such as factories and motor vehicles that burn fuel. Some gaseous emissions are visible to the eye and sometimes may even diffuse into the atmosphere and become invisible. Particulate pollution, on the other hand, such as soot and black carbon, is always visible.

• Create a diagram illustrating various types of air pollution.
• Explain what causes air pollution?

Certain gases in the atmosphere can cause air pollution. For example, in cities, a gas called  ozone  is a major cause of air pollution. Ozone is also a greenhouse gas that can be both good and bad for our environment. It all depends where it is in Earth’s  atmosphere . When particles in the air combine with ozone, they create smog.  Smog  is a type of air pollution that looks like smoky fog and makes it difficult to see.

Q.8   Read text titled as ‘Types of Teachers’ on pages 96-98 carefully and answer the following questions briefly:                                                                             

• a) What are the characteristics of a friendly teacher?
• expert communication skills
• superior listening skills
• deep knowledge and passion for their subject matter
• the ability to build caring relationships with students
• friendliness and approachability
• excellent preparation and organization skills
• strong work ethic
• community-building skills
• high expectations for all
• How would you define a friendly teacher?

Some qualities of a good teacher include skills in communication, listening, collaboration, adaptability, empathy and patience. Other characteristics of effective teaching include an engaging classroom presence, value in real-world learning, exchange of best practices and a lifelong love of learning.

Q.9   Read about Cause and Effect’ (as given on pages 107-112) carefully and complete the exercises (given on pages 112-146) in the unit.                                      

         Now write down an ESSAY of about 250 words on the causes and effects of ‘Deforestation’. Follow the use of Cause and Effect relationship in your essay. You can discuss ONE effect of multiple causes and reasons and vice versa (multiple effects of ONE reason).

Deforestation refers to the decrease in forest areas across the world that are lost for other uses such as agricultural croplands, urbanization, or mining activities. Greatly accelerated by human activities since 1960, deforestation has been negatively affecting natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and the climate.

Causes of Deforestation

Agriculture.

Commercial or industrial agriculture (field crops and livestock) cause around 40% of forest loss – in the search for space to grow food, fibers or biofuel (such as soybeans, palm oil, beef, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane). It is also particularly interesting to note  livestock  is believed to be responsible for about 14% of global deforestation. The main reasons why have to do with the large areas require both to raise livestock but also to grow its (soy-based) food.

New Constructions

The construction of human infrastructures has also been driving deforestation. More specifically, 10% of deforestation can be attributed to new infrastructures that serve the current human lifestyle in four main ways: transportation, transformation and energy generation.

On one hand, roads, rails, ports or airports have been built to move all sorts of goods – from cereals and fruits to spices, minerals or fossil fuels – either directly to trade centers or to transformation sites.

Urbanization

The populational shift that is leading people to move from rural areas to urban areas is also contributing to deforestation (5%, according to FAO). This urban growth – in which  68% of the world’s population  is expected to live in cities by 2050 – is leading to an exponential growth of housing and consumption sites. And as cities become larger so they can host more people, they challenge the natural boundaries surrounding them, often leading to deforestation. This is one of the reasons why deforestation is happening.

Deforestation Effects

Effects of deforestation on biodiversity.

The most known consequence of deforestation is its  threat to biodiversity . In fact, forests represent some of the most veritable hubs of  biodiversity . From mammals to birds, insects, amphibians or plants, the forest is home to many rare and fragile species. 80% of the Earth’s land animals and plants live in forests.

By destroying the forests, human activities are putting entire ecosystems in danger, creating natural imbalances, and putting Life at threat. The natural world is complex, interconnected, and made of thousands of inter-dependencies and among other functions, trees provide shade and colder temperatures for animals and smaller trees or vegetation which may not survive with the heat of direct sunlight. Besides, trees also feeding animals with their fruits while providing them with food and shelter they need to survive.

Local People and Their Livelihoods

Healthy forests support the livelihoods of 1.6 billion people globally , one billion of whom are among the worlds poorest. This means there are many people depending on forests for survival and using them to hunt and gather raw products for their small-scale agriculture processes. But in developing countries such as Borneo, Indonesia, Vietnam, Brazil, or Mexico, land tenure systems are weak. This allows big businesses to get these lands and use them for other ends, disrupting local people’s lives.

Food Insecurity in the Future

Today, 52% of all the land used for food production is moderately or severely impacted by  soil erosion . In the long term, the lack of healthy, nutritious soil can lead to low yields and food insecurity.

Soil Erosion

Deforestation weakens and  degrades the soi l. Forested soils are usually not only richer on organic matter, but also more resistant to erosion, bad weather, and extreme weather events. This happens mainly because roots help fix trees in the ground and the sun-blocking tree cover helps the soil to slowly dry out. As a result, deforestation will probably mean the soil will become increasingly fragile, leaving the area more vulnerable to natural disasters such as landslides and floods.

Climate Change

Firstly, taking down trees means they’ll release back into the atmosphere the CO2 they were keeping. Secondly, fewer trees available means reducing the planet’s overall ability to capture and store CO2. Both these effects negatively contribute to the  greenhouse effect  and to  climate change . As a matter of fact, while  food and agriculture  account for 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation is estimated to be responsible for 10-15% of all anthropogenic CO2 emissions.

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علامہ اقبال اوپن یونیورسٹی  کی   حل شدہ اسائنمنٹس۔ پی ڈی ایف۔ ورڈ فائل۔ ہاتھ سے لکھی ہوئی، لیسن پلین، فائنل لیسن پلین، پریکٹس رپورٹ، ٹیچنگ پریکٹس، حل شدہ تھیسس، حل شدہ ریسرچ پراجیکٹس انتہائی مناسب ریٹ پر گھر بیٹھے منگوانے کے لیے  واٹس ایپ پر رابطہ کریں۔ اس کے علاوہ داخلہ بھجوانے ،فیس جمع کروانے ،بکس منگوانے ،آن لائن ورکشاپس،اسائنمنٹ ایل ایم ایس پر اپلوڈ کروانے کے لیے رابطہ کریں۔

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