tok nov 2022 essay titles

IB ToK Essay Titles and Topics: November 2022

Here are links to ideas and suggestions relating to the the six November 2022 IB ToK Essay topics:

• Topic 1. Within an area of knowledge is it more important to have credibility or power? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.
• Topic 2. If pushed too far, can open-mindedness itself become restrictive? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
• Topic 3. Is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned" (adapted from Richard Feynman)? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.
• Topic 4. Why do we seek indisputable evidence when it is so often unattainable? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
• Topic 5. To what extent do you agree with the directive to "measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei)? Answer with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.
• Topic 6. If the artist has freedom to interpret past events in ways that are denied to the historian, is this an asset or an obstacle to our understanding of the past? Discuss with reference to the arts and history.

Title 1: Within an area of knowledge is it more important to have credibility or power? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.

Thoughts to consider with essay 1 include:

• the varieties of power
• the difference between being credible and being correct
• what is meant by "importance" here?

These thoughts, and others, will be developed here shortly: come back soon!

Title 2: If pushed too far, can open-mindedness itself become restrictive? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

Thoughts to consider with essay 2 include:

• the role of imagination in being open-minded
• what is meant by "restrictive" in this context?
• are there limits to what can be coherently questioned?

Title 3: Is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned" (adapted from Richard Feynman)? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.

Thoughts to consider with essay 3 include:

• is it possible, coherently, to frame a question that admits of no answer?
• what distinguishes plausible from implausible answers to questions?
• which sorts of true propositions can't rationally be doubted?

Title 4: Why do we seek indisputable evidence when it is so often unattainable? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

Thoughts to consider with essay 4 include:

• do we know any indisputable propositions?
• are proofs indisputable evidence?
• what is the difference between rational and irrational dispute?

Title 5: To what extent do you agree with the directive to "measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei)? Answer with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.

Thoughts to consider with essay 5 include:

• what is the difference between being measurable in practice and in principle only?
• must we change something that is immeasurable, beyond recognition, in order to render it measurable?
• the difference between accuracy and precision in measurement

Title 6: If the artist has freedom to interpret past events in ways that are denied to the historian, is this an asset or an obstacle to our understanding of the past? Discuss with reference to the arts and history.

Thoughts to consider with essay 6 include:

• must all interpretations of past events be faithful to the facts?
• what makes an interpretation objective?
• if an interpretation is available to the artist, but not the historian, does this mean that it is ineffable?
• 1. Within an area of knowledge is it more important to have credibility or power? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.
• 2. If pushed too far, can open-mindedness itself become restrictive? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
• 3. Is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned" (adapted from Richard Feynman)? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.
• 4. Why do we seek indisputable evidence when it is so often unattainable? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.
• 5. To what extent do you agree with the directive to "measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei)? Answer with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.
• 6. If the artist has freedom to interpret past events in ways that are denied to the historian, is this an asset or an obstacle to our understanding of the past? Discuss with reference to the arts and history.
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TOK DISCUSSIONS

Theory of knowledge prescribed titles

November 2022 examination session

Within an area of knowledge is it more important to have credibility or power? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.

If pushed too far, can open-mindedness itself become restrictive? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

Is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned" (adapted from Richard Feynman)? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.

Why do we seek indisputable evidence when it is so often unattainable? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

To what extent do you agree with the directive to "measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei)? Answer with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.

If the artist has freedom to interpret past events in ways that are denied to the historian, is this an asset or an obstacle to our understanding of the past? Discuss with reference to the arts and history.

November 2022 Title #1

Within an area of knowledge is it more important to have credibility or power?

Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.

Within an Area of Knowledge, there are two groups who deal with knowledge: producers and consumers . The difference between credibility and power , is the same difference between "Let me explain to you how,” and “you just do as I say!"

There’s also another element in this title that needs to be addressed: importance . What makes anything important? Profitability, applicability, practicality, sustainability and many more. This aspect of this title is what makes it interesting, because you can personalize your essay and tell your own story. Importance is not a universal concept, what is utterly important for an individual or society, may not be important at all for the others.

Define credibility and power (within an AOK) first, and then define importance based on your own understanding of the concept. Teachers, administrators, parents and basically adults may ask you to "consume" knowledge, without any credibility to it and only on the basis of "they know better." This is exactly having power without credibility. Sometimes, you also come across people who give you invaluable advice, however their presentation is not very convincing, and it makes you not take them seriously. Bring an example from your own personal life.

One way or another, one should be convinced or ordered to accept something. In an Area of Knowledge, for knowledge to be convincing , it sometimes needs evidence and sometimes good presentation . In History , the way that the account is written should make it look credible, while in The Natural Sciences , knowledge surely needs evidence to be convincing. Knowledge in The Human Sciences becomes credible based on a mixture of evidence and presentation , and at times, it is only accepted through authority .

Still, the most important part of the discussion, which also makes it interesting, remains to be explained; importance . What makes knowledge important? In Mathematics , knowledge has to be accurate and correct, therefore we cannot accept something "just because" Einstein has said it. Although an ordinary person accepts mostly through authority, within an AOK this cannot happen, especially in AOKs like The Natural Sciences and Mathematics .

Find Real-Life examples that show (in your chosen AOK) how knowledge became important due to its power , being produced by a figure of authority , or its credibility , being presented well based on facts and evidence . Politicians can sometimes be very convincing , and sometimes only dictating . Both are equally important. Ask yourself, is it more important for a music teacher to be authoritative or expressive ? Is it more important to follow a famous economist on Twitter or watch YouTube videos that break down issues with the economy and explain them in detail? Is it more important to get vaccinated because doctors say, or because it makes sense? And what makes all these important? Is it profit, accuracy, convenience or just being right?

November 2022 Title #2

If pushed too far, can open-mindedness itself become restrictive?

Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

"Why don’t you accept whatever I say? I thought you were open-minded." "Why on earth should I even listen to these old fashioned, backward ideas? I’m an open-minded person."

Basically, whatever mindset that prevents the person from listening and considering others points of view, is restrictive and the opposite of being open-minded .

Unfortunately, these days, due to "Twitter cultures" many concepts are imposed onto societies and whoever doubts them or does not feel like following them will be labeled as "conservative," which is, while not necessarily a bad thing, is against open-mindedness.

We see everyday on social media that if one is not "supporting" a gay person, will be immediately attacked and labeled as "homophobic." Any comments against or even about "a certain woman" (and not entire female population) is considered "misogynistic." Open-mindedness brought the concept of diversity. Now, that it has been pushed too far, diversity has become a necessity , which restricts business owners to a certain number of employees from each race, nationality, sexual orientation and/or gender. Political correctness is another of the examples of pushing too far for open-mindedness.

All the above examples are social issues that can be discussed in the Introduction paragraph, and body of your essay, if you choose related real-life examples , mostly, within The Human Sciences . But how can you discuss open-mindedness and its possibility of becoming restrictive in other AOKs? In the same way as social issues.

In the Arts , when the artist has to stay far away from classicism to be considered progressive and open-minded , they have restricted themselves to the methods and tools of producing artistic knowledge which are "modern." When a scientist is forced to bring "modern" theories and base the entire scientific process on an approach which is not "conservative," open-mindedness has been pushed too far in that field and has become restrictive.

It is not wise to have a "no" approach to discussing this title. The way that you develop your arguments and conclude your discussion, can be a variety of agreeing with the title. Explain how open-mindedness itself becomes restrictive, in different degrees in different Areas of Knowledge . You can also argue that this "push" can create big contradictions .

The most important criterion of a TOK essay is showing "clear awareness and evaluation of different points of view" by the student. So, try to acknowledge all points of view on the title, those who accept and those who reject it, and in the end bring your own conclusion agreeing with what the title question implies.

November 2022 Title #3

Is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than answers that can’t be questioned" (adapted from Richard Feynman)?

Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.

Well, Richard Feynman himself answered this title question: "I would rather have questions that can't be answered than answers that can't be questioned."

He was a scientist, and one of the greatest minds ever existed. Naturally, he didn’t want to have "answers" that can’t be questioned. But, what does it even mean? If there’s an answer then why can’t there be a question for it? In the second part of the quote, Feynman refers to "reasons" that believers of faith and believers of other doctrines without evidence bring for any phenomenon, or as we can call them "questions." With this brief explanation, you should know that if you choose to write your TOK essay under this title, you have to consider the following question: is it better to "have questions that can’t be answered than reasons without sufficient evidence.” If you look at it this way, most probably you know which one is better!

In an interview, Richard Feynman discussed "why" questions. When one "why" question is "answered," another "why" question rises. If a curious mind follows this trail, there will always be questions that can’t be answered (provisionally). However, if one stops you from going further and brings a "reason" such as "because God wants it this way," or "because this is against the law," or "because it hurts the feelings of some group," then you are faced with "answers" that can’t be questioned (further).

In History , there are countless unanswered questions, for now. It may be the case in astrophysics , or biology . In disciplines like psychology , there are only a few "fully answered" questions. It should also be considered that, some experts may consider a question answered, while others remain unsatisfied.

You surely can bring a couple of good real-life examples from your personal life for the Introduction paragraph, and move on to more viable scientific RLEs to discuss for your arguments .

Concluding this essay may be a bit tricky, because as a TOK student you should show "clear awareness and evaluation of different points of view," which seems absurd for this topic, however, you can state points of view of those who prefer unanswerable questions , to show that you are aware of such views, and then evaluate them based on reason , and in the end conclude why you prefer what you prefer.

November 2022 Title #4

Why do we seek indisputable evidence when it is so often unattainable?

Because “easily disputable” evidence is useless.

Practically, and logically, nothing is "indispuıtable" as either any claim , or evidence , can be disputed with (or without) reasoning . Many concepts are relative rather than absolute , and indisputability of an evidence is the same, to a certain degree.

In personal life, we seek indisputable evidence to prove our point . And in different areas of knowledge, experts seek indisputable evidence to be certain about the knowledge that they are producing.

There are two situations where evidence can be disputed: where evidence is not relevant, verifiable, actionable etc. and where the opposer disputes the evidence based on personal taste or any other irrational basis. These situations happen so often.

The keyword that is missing from the title and you should add and justify is "enough." We seek evidence that is indisputable enough , which means it is relevant, sufficient, verifiable and actionable enough.

You can choose any two areas of knowledge and bring contrasting RLEs, where one scientist tried to prove a theory without sufficient evidence and failed, while the other brought strong evidence and helped knowledge advance in that AOK, although their claim (and evidence) was heavily disputed by others.

In conclusion, while many may dispute our evidence, we do our best to find evidence that is as solid as possible to prove our points.

November 2022 Title #5

To what extent do you agree with the directive to "measure what is measurable and make measurable what is not so" (Galileo Galilei)?

Answer with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.

"Make measurable" is a directive that can be misinterpreted. Surely, Galileo Galilei didn’t imply deceiving by made up measurements , he suggested creating measuring methods and tools for what is not measurable, for now. Considering this clarification, there should only be one extent to this endeavor, and that is possibility . If something is impossible to be known , it is impossible to be measured , and this is where measuring stops.

Production of knowledge in The Natural Sciences is strongly based on measurement. In The Human Sciences , on the other hand, there are many variables and factors with clear visible outcomes that are very hard to be measured. Over the course of history, many have tried to develop methods and tools for measuring happiness , with little to on success, due to the fact that the concept of happiness itself is not absolutely defined. Many countries are considered as the happiest countries in the world, while having a high rate of suicide . For some, living in an economically secure society, and at the same time living in shoebox apartments constantly in darkness and cold , may not be the ideal conditions for happiness. Even in Mathematics there are non-measurable sets and in History almost nothing is measurable. In the Arts , knowledge is produced, is consumed and is transferred by other sensory methods and tools than measurement.

In conclusion , one would agree with the quote to the extent of possibility of measurement. If something can be known, then it can be measured or we should develop methods and tools for measuring it.

November 2022 Title #6

If the artist has freedom to interpret past events in ways that are denied to the historian, is this an asset or an obstacle to our understanding of the past?

Discuss with reference to the arts and history.

So you have your two AOKs, and this is a good thing. Or is it?

If you choose to write your TOK essay under this title, you should know that you won’t have much freedom, contrary to the artist in question!

History and the Arts are both areas of knowledge with the least consensus among their experts. However, there are concepts and issues that most of the expert knowers of these AOKs agree upon.

The keyword that should be defined and explained in this title is "understanding" and to be more precise "understanding of the past." Surely, understanding "of" the past does not mean fully understanding the past. It means knowing about past events and having some degrees of understanding about their reasons and outcomes. Therefore, depicting past events in an artistic way, although rejected by "the historian," can assist learning about the past, while it may not give us the full picture.

A movie about The Holocaust raises awareness about this part of history, and even if it is misleading, according to the historian, it still raises the first question in the path of understanding of the past.

To be honest, this title has many ambiguities that make it a very bad, and surely limiting option for a TOK essay. If you intend to argue based on a certain artwork which was denied by a certain historian, in each AOK, then you cannot reach a conclusion that shows your "clear awareness and evaluation of different points of view." The only way to get an A by writing under this title, is to find (at least)  two Real-Life Examples , which means two artworks which were heavily criticized by some certain historians due to their inaccuracies in picturing the past events, and then you have to find experts who found these artworks misleading , therefore obstacles , also experts who found these artworks thought-provoking , therefore assets , and then compare and contrast these points of view. There may be easier ways than this to write a successful TOK essay.

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Breaking Down TOK Essay Titles 2022

The TOK Essay can be a daunting task, and many of us struggle to even begin out of fear of doing something wrong. Not only are you expected to learn the philosophy of all the areas of knowledge, but now you have to write an essay about it too!?

TOK Essay Titles in Human Sciences

As difficult as this may seem, what most of us need is just a nudge in the right direction, and this is exactly what the following guide will provide. If you’re struggling to begin your essay, don’t know where to start or which title to pick, we’re here to help!

Read on for a simple breakdown of the 6 TOK titles and how to tackle them.

1. Can there be knowledge that is independent of culture? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.

The first title is very intriguing for those who are interested in the social sciences! The question posed expects you to discuss whether knowledge and culture are always connected and if knowledge can exist without culture in the first place. You’re asked to consider mathematics and another AoK of your choice. Before we consider which AoK’s are suitable, however, we must establish what it means for knowledge to be independent of culture.

Culture is a very abstract concept, and it can refer to anything ranging from a regional food dish such as Spanish Paella to the entire history, language and moral values of a society. This may seem like a lot to tackle, but a simpler way to look at it is to consider whether knowledge is always defined by culture, or if there are exceptions.

In some cases, culture certainly determines the knowledge we produce. Consider the AoK History, for instance, where the history of a country is closely connected to aspects of culture such as language and morality. Historians use language to write history and their morals (which are defined by culture) to interpret the past, such as who was right or wrong. Both language and morality are aspects of culture, and therefore we can argue that historical knowledge may not be independent of culture!

How about Mathematics, then? We must also consider if knowledge can be independent of culture. In this case, mathematics is largely independent of culture as it is mostly an objective AoK. Knowledge is factual, and facts are absolute. Mathematics has one, universal language spoken by all mathematicians, and 2 + 2 = 4 in any part of the world. Thus, we can argue that mathematical knowledge is indeed independent of culture.

Lastly, don’t forget to support your arguments with real-life examples (RLEs). For history, one option would be to look at how bias affects historical writing. Some historians may have biases, which have arisen from their morals and culture and are reflected in their historical writing. For mathematics, consider the absence of bias and how formulae such as Pythagoras’ Theorem remain universal, and no amount of cultural influence can ever change something which is a fact.

2. To what extent do you agree with the claim that “there’s a world of difference between truth and facts.” (Maya Angelou) Answer with reference to two areas of knowledge.

While prompt 1 gives you one prescribed AoK, this one offers you more choice. Hurray! Or? While this question allows you to select both AoKs, too much choice is often more detrimental than beneficial in the Theory of Knowledge. Here, you’re asked to consider the difference between truth and fact. At first glance, you may be thinking that they’re the same thing and while this is not the case, they are immensely similar. Let’s see how you can approach this…

When considering the meaning of truth and fact, it is always useful to put them into some sort of context. For instance, in the natural sciences, we can argue that there isn’t much of a difference between truth and fact. This is because when a scientific theory such as the theory of evolution is proven, it becomes widely accepted as true and factual. Thus, the definition of truth and fact are virtually inseparable in the sciences.

Another AoK to explore could be history. Here, historians never truly know the ‘truth’ of what happened in the past, and they struggle immensely to recover facts from all sources so that they may piece together accurate interpretations. Therefore, they collect facts in an attempt to reach ever closer to the ultimate truth of what happened in the past, but arguably never achieve this fully. This leads to varying interpretations in history, as historians gather the same facts but may reach different truths from them. In this view, we can argue that facts are the building blocks of truth, rather than truth itself.

3. Is there solid justification for regarding knowledge in the natural sciences more highly than other areas of knowledge? Discuss with reference to the natural sciences and one other area of knowledge.

It’s time for more science! This is probably the most straightforward TOK title this time around, and that’s good news! Not everything has to be complex, even in TOK. Here, you’re being asked to discuss if there is any good reason to regard scientific knowledge ‘more highly’ than other AoKs. In other words, is scientific knowledge ‘better’ than knowledge in other AoKs, and if so, why and how? Let’s dig in!

To make things easier, let’s consider what other AoKs would be suitable choices for this title. In this case, a social science such as history or art would be very suitable. If we consider the arts, knowledge can be defined as the creations of artists such as paintings or music, and the interpretations people have of them. In this view, we can argue that art knowledge is quite subjective as the same song may make one person feel happy and another sad. This is not necessarily a bad thing, as it also makes the arts unique.

Nevertheless, the subjectivity of the arts could also be one reason that scientific knowledge may be regarded more highly, as it is objective and factual. For instance, it is an objective fact that cells are the smallest unit of life, but it is not factual to say that a painting is ‘beautiful’, as beauty is subjective. Then again, maybe facts aren’t everything, and maybe scientific knowledge isn’t better, but simply different from art knowledge. Consider these perspectives and ultimately decide if there is enough justification for the claim.

4. How do historians and human scientists give knowledge meaning through the telling of stories? Discuss with reference to history and the human sciences.

Storytelling is a powerful tool, so much so that experts in the social sciences use it to communicate their research. If you’ve chosen this title, you should begin by considering how knowledge is defined in history and the human sciences, such as psychology.

From the lens of history, you may decide that historical knowledge is a collection of interpretations of the past. Moreover, these are the interpretations of historians who record and teach them, orally or in writing.

These interpretations give historical events meaning by communicating their significance. A potential RLE would be to consider a historical event such as World War 2, and then analyze how historical interpretations teach us to appreciate its significance and not repeat the past.

If we consider the social sciences such as psychology, things can be a bit more complicated and ambiguous. Do psychologists tell stories? Maybe not in the conventional sense, but are research papers on mental health disorders not a type of story, one which teaches us about the disorder and the experiences people have of it? Exactly!

The key here is to consider how knowledge is communicated in history and social science. Thus, your essay should focus on analyzing and discussing the methodology that historians and human scientists use to tell stories.

5. How can we distinguish between good and bad interpretations? Discuss with reference to the arts and one other area of knowledge.

This question is my personal favorite! If you’re a fan of the arts, this is the question for you. What is an interpretation, and what makes it good or bad? In title 4 we considered how historical interpretations tell us about the past, and interpretations in the art are similar. While historians can interpret the past, art critics can judge the quality of an artistic piece. But how can we tell which interpretations are ‘good’ and which are ‘bad’?

When considering this title, make sure to focus on the different types of interpretations we can have within art. Not all interpretations come from professional art critics, as art is free to view by all, and the everyday person can have their own, unique opinion on a piece of art.

A good starting point to explore would be whether one art critic has a better interpretation of a piece of art than the everyday person. Perhaps the critic has professional training and is more qualified to judge the techniques Da Vinci used to craft the Mona Lisa than a casual art enthusiast.

However, art is not only about technique but also about emotion, and the everyday person may be better able to appreciate the subjective beauty of an art piece. Thus, in the arts, it may be difficult to tell the difference between good and bad interpretations, as there are no concrete criteria for determining this.

Through the lens of another AoK, we can see a completely different perspective in the natural sciences. Here, the opinions of experts can be said to always be better than those of the general public. A good RLE could be climate change propaganda, and how scientific knowledge is necessary in order to make educated interpretations.

In the arts, it may be debatable whether the Mona Lisa is a ‘sad’ or ‘joyful’ painting, but in the sciences, global warming is a proven fact, and anything which says otherwise is a ‘bad’ interpretation. Inherently, this question is about the subjectivity of the arts and the objectivity of other AoKs. Just some food for thought!

6. If we conclude that there is some knowledge we should not pursue on ethical grounds, how can we determine the boundaries of acceptable investigation within an area of knowledge? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

The last prescribed title is one of the most difficult, as it deals with ethics. Here, you’re asked to discuss ethical boundaries within two AoKs of your choice. Some good choices could be AoKs which are very research-based, such as the natural sciences and history. Let’s break this down.

Ethics can be very tricky, as you’re essentially asked to discuss the boundaries between what is ethical and what is not. This is difficult because ethics differ as much from person to person as they do from one AoK to another.

In the sciences, ethical boundaries may refer to experiments involving human trials, for example. How can we determine when a new drug is safe for human testing and is it ethical at all to test on humans?

Similarly, in history, we may consider the issues that arise when researching sensitive topics. For instance, is it ethical to interview holocaust survivors and urge them to remember their past traumas, all for the sake of historical records?

At what point do we draw the line, and how are these ethical boundaries determined? This question is all about methodology and whether methodology within two AoKs is ethical, so if that sounds interesting, this is your go-to title!

Prescribed Essay Titles for Your TOK Essay

The prescribed essay titles above are great for tok essays as they cover ethical grounds that you can discuss with reference and solid justification. Once you have narrowed down these prescribed titles, you can conduct research based on factual knowledge and find specific examples to work with. Then the fun part begins: the essay writing process!

Do you have any questions?

Reach out to the team at Lanterna.

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Overview of the TOK essay (first assessment 2022)

There have been some important changes to the TOK with the new curriculum (first assessment 2022). Overall, the “heart” of the essay remains the same but there are some key differences. When searching for resources online about the TOK essay, pay careful attention to whether or not they are geared towards the new essay. While many older resources are still somewhat relevant you need to be aware that some of has been written about the older curriculum may not apply anymore.

Additionally, there are a large number of sample essays available online but the vast majority of them are written for an older TOK curriculum. Older TOK curricula have some different requirements and different assessment criteria. Looking at older TOK essays can be beneficial as the basic core of the new essay has not changed dramatically. Be careful though.

The first place to look when trying understand the TOK essay is the assessment instrument. Page 48 of the TOK subject guide states a basic question that underlines the marking of all TOK essays:

“ Does the student provide a clear, coherent and critical exploration of the essay title?”

Each of the three “c” key terms needs further investigation:

• Is the essay as a whole clearly linked to the essay title?
• Are all of the key terms in the essay title clearly addressed in the essay?
• Are the arguments clearly linked to the essay title?
• Do the specific examples have a clear connection to the prescribed title?
• Is the writing clear? Writing clarity is itself not assessed by TOK markers but markers can only give you credit for your arguments if they are written clearly enough to be fully understood.
• Does the essay overall have sufficient coherence?
• Do the arguments flow logically from one to another?
• Do the AOKs flow logically from one to another? You do not have to separate your essay into two distinct AOK sections but there needs to be a logical reason for the order of your body paragraphs.
• Are the specific examples organized in a logical way?
• Are the different points of view discussed in an effective and logical sequence?
• Does the essay use transitions words and phrases effectively to improve the coherence of the essay?

Note: To be able to create a coherent TOK essay you first need to be able to create a coherent essay. You need to develop your general essay writing skills before your start working on your TOK essay.

• Do the arguments in the essay have sufficient depth of critical analysis in its approach to the prescribed title? Does the essay overall have sufficient depth of critical analysis?
• How are the specific examples used to support the arguments? Are the specific examples examined in sufficient depth?
• Do the different points of view in the essay have sufficient depth? If a different point of view in the essay is fairly superficial it make it more difficult for the essay to be successful.
• Does the evaluation of the different points of view in the essay have sufficient depth? Is this evaluation linked directly to the arguments and the prescribed title?
• Are the implications in the essay critically considered ? Just mentioning a couple of implication may not quite be enough.

Most of the points above are drawn directly from the TOK essay assessment instrument. It is extremely important that very early on you take some time to closely examine the TOK essay assessment instrument. All parts of your essay must directly connect to both the essay title and to the TOK essay assessment instrument.

• During the TOK essay writing process make sure you examine and re-examine whether or not your essay fully addresses the prescribed title .
• If there is some part of the essay title that you are not covering sufficiently in your essay, make sure you make the necessary changes as soon as possible
• If there are parts of your essay that have weak links to the prescribed title strongly considering cutting them out. Save space in your essay for in-depth critical analysis that is directly linked to the prescribed title.
• During the TOK essay writing process make sure you examine and re-examine whether or not your essay fully addresses the TOK assessment instrument .
• If there is some part of the TOK assessment instrument that you are not covering sufficiently in your essay, make sure you make changes before you hand in your final draft.
• If there are parts of your essay that have indirect / weak links to the TOK assessment instrument strongly considering cutting them out. Use the space in your essay for in-depth critical analysis that is directly linked to the prescribed title and the TOK assessment instrument.

Essay requirements

Beyond the basics (making sure you address the essay title as well as the TOK assessment instrument), there are additional requirements for the TOK essay. Check the TOK subject guide for details.

• Academic honesty / authenticity: Page 44 of the TOK subject guide is quite clear: “The TOK essay must be the student’s own work.”
• You must submit both your essay and the TOK essay Planning and Progress Form (TK/PPF) for marking. The form is not taken into consideration in the marking of your essay but it may be important if questions are raised about the authenticity of your work.
• Maximum 1600 words (make sure you are clear about what is and is not included in the word count).
• 12 point, double spaced, standard font. This is now the standard for most if not all IB EAs and IAs. If you do not follow these simple basic requirements you are indicating to the marker right from the start that you are not careful and do not follow basic instructions. That is not the frame of mind you want the marker to be in when they start reading your essay.

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Choosing a TOK essay title

TOK Home > Free TOK notes > TOK essay guidance > Choosing a TOK essay title

Once you’ve understood the basics of the essay, and have grasped the essay rubric , you can think about which title to choose. These are published in March and September every year, according to whether you are a Southern or Northern hemisphere school.

Here are a few consideration points that you can bear in mind when you read through the six prescribed titles (PTs), and decide which one to take on.

STEP 2: Choose a TOK essay title

1. have you properly considered your choice.

Be open-minded about the titles, and listen carefully to the opinions of others during the initial class discussion about the PTs. You may feel a strong reaction for or against certain titles, but don’t act on this yet. Wait until you have fully processed and understood what each essay is looking for, then make your choice.

2. How does your title relate to the TOK course structure?

Our way of structuring the course is via the Big Questions . These are designed to align with the TOK essay, so if you have followed this way of studying the TOK course, it’s your first way of linking the PTs to the course. Which BQ unit did you most enjoy? Which thinkers and ideas appeared in that unit? A measure of a title’s suitability is the ease with which you can link it to the course structure you have followed.

3. Does your title link to an AOK that you’ve enjoyed exploring?

As you consider the titles, you should be thinking about how they link to the areas of knowledge, and which AOKs might work as the context of your essay. Inevitably, you will have enjoyed, and had more success, with some AOKs than others, so your title should link naturally to these – if it doesn’t, then perhaps you need to rethink your choice.

4. How does your title relate to the key concepts?

The key concepts are 12 ideas of particular significance to the TOK course, and you should use them as much as you can in your TOK essay. Does the title you have chosen include a reference (either explicitly, or implicitly) to a key concept? Does it allow you to discuss a key concept that has resonated with you, or which enables you to draw on personal experiences? Try as much as possible to choose a title that allows you to mention and discuss one or more key concepts.

5. Can you find ways to challenge your title?

One characteristic of a top-level essay is that it offers a challenge to the statement or question within the title. Is the title you are considering based on an assumption that you could dispute? Is it based on a concept or idea that you could take issue with? This is a great way of showing that you have a critical approach to knowledge, and don’t just toe the line.

6. Can you relate the title to your own experiences?

Another consideration point is whether the title allows you to draw on your own experiences – either inside school, or outside it – as a knower. Can you draw on the process of writing your EE? CAS projects? Your other DP subjects? From books you’ve read, art galleries you’ve visited, thinkers you’ve encountered? All this works very well in a TOK essay.

7. Can you easily explore the title in a real-world context?

As well as your own experiences, what about events and issues on a local, national, or global level? Think about interesting real-life situations that you have read about or watched, via articles, documentaries, and podcasts. These will help when you start writing and justifying your ideas.

8. Can you think of key thinkers whose ideas might help you explore your title?

Adding the ideas of a key thinker adds authority and clarity to your essay, and enables you to consider the question via a different perspective. It also encourages you to offer an evaluative discussion. If you can link your title to the work of one or more key thinkers, this is a great indication that you’ve chosen wisely.

If you can answer ‘yes’ to all of the above questions, then you are definitely on the right pathway – and it’s time to move onto Step 3 !

A four-step guide to the TOK essay

Click on the buttons below to take you to the four steps of creating a great TOK essay. Don’t forget that we have plenty of videos on this and other aspects of the course, and members of the site have access to a huge amount of other resources to help you master the course and assessment tasks.

Check out our three-minute explainer video on the TOK essay here . The video goes over the basics of the TOK essay, such as how it’s assessed, the word count and other practical details, terms such as ‘perspectives’ and ‘implications’, and the role of real-world examples in justifying claims and arguments.

You’ll find more videos on this and other aspects of TOK here , and you can dive into much more depth via our free and premium webinars, here .

Watch our essay & exhibition webinars

Click on the images below to access these premium webinars on how to create the essay and exhibition. Access more webinars here , and watch our videos on the assessment tasks on this page .

FAQs about the TOK essay

How do i choose my tok essay title.

You choose your essay from six prescribed essay titles, that are released at the beginning of your second DP year. We give a few tips on how to choose a PT that will work for you here . But briefly, choose one that links to your pre-existing knowledge, and that you find personally engaging.

What will I be writing about in my TOK essay?

You’ll be answering your prescribed title, within the context of two areas of knowledge, considering how different perspectives might affect our response to the question, and what the implications of your arguments are.

Can I use ChatGPT to write my essay?

You can use ChatGPT to help you gather materials for your essay, but you should definitely not be using it to write the essay. Be very careful with ChatGPT. It bases its answers on online material, and much of this is inaccurate or out-of-date. For example, depending on what you ask it, it may tell you that you have to explore multiple areas of knowledge (rather than the two stipulated by the titles), and that you have to identify a separate knowledge question to the title (which is absolutely not the case).

How much help should I expect from my teacher?

Your teacher should run through the PTs when they are first released, and then meet you for three interactions, during which you’ll discuss your progress. They are allowed to give you one set of written feedback. But you can consult them at other times with specific questions.

Do I need to use real-world examples in my TOK essay?

Yes, real-life examples help illustrate your points and make your arguments more tangible. They can be drawn from personal experiences, historical events, scientific discoveries, etc.

Should I include my personal opinion in the TOK essay?

While the TOK essay is not about your personal opinion per se, it’s important to reflect on your perspective and how it shapes the way you understand the title. However, you should avoid using the essay as a platform for rants or unsubstantiated claims.

Is it necessary to include counter-arguments in my TOK essay?

Yes, including counter-arguments shows a deeper understanding of the complexity of the topic and demonstrates your critical thinking skills. It also enables you to consider different perspectives, and evaluate the implications of arguments.

Should I include the 12 key concepts in my essay?

Yes, as much as you can, draw on the key concepts such as justification, evidence, perspective, bias, certainty, and objectivity within your arguments linking them to the title, and to the real-world examples you draw on.

How do I ensure that my TOK essay reflects my own original thinking, and avoids plagiarism?

Clearly attribute ideas and sources that are not your own, and strive to present original insights and interpretations supported by evidence and reasoning. See our point above on using ChatGPT – never view this as more than a tool to help you gather material for your essay, rather than a tool to write it for you.

What are some common pitfalls to avoid when writing a TOK essay?

Avoid oversimplifying complex issues, relying solely on personal opinion without justification, neglecting counter-arguments, veering off the question, and failing to include a consideration of different perspectives.

How long do I have to write my essay?

You’ll have 6 months from the time the prescribed titles are released, to the deadline date for uploading your essay to the IB. However, most schools will set their own deadline for completing the essay, so that everyone has plenty of time to complete your PPF, and upload it on time. Follow what your school tells you about this.

How important is the TOK essay PPF?

The PPF (‘Planning and Progress Form’) is the document that you fill in to outline your discussions during the three essay. Although this is not directly assessed, it is an important part of demonstrating that you have approached the TOK essay in an ethical way, which is now particularly important in the era of ChatGPT.

What are some effective strategies for revising and editing my TOK essay to improve clarity and coherence?

Take breaks between revisions, seek feedback from peers or teachers, and carefully proofread for grammar, punctuation, and coherence.

Should I include references or a bibliography in my TOK essay?

While not required, referencing sources appropriately adds credibility to your essay; use footnotes or endnotes for citations.

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Essay Guides

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Between 4500 – 7000 words each, these comprehensive essay guides are designed to help you understand the key terms of the title as well as how to approach it using the different AOK’s and other applicable TOK concepts such as the Knowledge Framework .

Each aok section includes a range of real life examples whilst also addressing the potential implications of different claims and counterclaims ., unpacking the title.

• Exploring the Question
• Relevant Concepts
• Points to Remember
• Knowledge Framework Connections

Areas of Knowledge

• Mathematics
• Natural Sciences
• Human Sciences

Also included with your purchase are THREE additional ToK essay resources including:

• The ToK Essay: Top Do´s & Don´ts
• ToK Essay Introductions (Examples & Analysis)
• ToK Essay Conclusions (Examples & Analysis)

To get instant access to the guide and bonus resources, please click the ‘Purchase´ button on the guide page. If you do not have a PayPal account, please choose the ‘Guest Checkout’ option.

Please do not directly copy and paste sections of these essay guides into your work. They are designed to help you understand the question and formulate your own ideas and arguments.

When ordering a guide, please ensure that you have chosen the correct title as guides cannot be exchanged once purchased.

These guides are currently only available in English .

Essay Guides November 2024

TITLE 1: Our Responsibility to Acquire Knowledge

TITLE 2: Ingenuity in Knowledge Production: Necessary but Insufficient?

TITLE 3:  Severing Ties with the Past: Benefits for AOK’s?

TITLE 6: Artists & Scientists: Swapping Lenses

Essay Guides May 2024

TITLE 1:  Subjectivity in History & the Arts

TITLE 2: Reconciling Specialization & Generalization in Knowledge Production

TITLE 3: Why Are AOK´s Slow to Adopt Fresh Ideas?

TITLE 4: Transferring Knowledge Between Contexts

TITLE 5: Are Custodians of Knowledge Essential?

TITLE 6: Recent Evidence: Inevitably the Strongest?

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TOK Essay Titles: November 2022

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In this series, I will be unpacking all 6 questions in the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) November 2022 titles. We will be covering the key terms, perspectives, and AoKs that can be used to tackle these questions.

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TOK ESSAY GUIDES NOVEMBER 2024

Our new and enlarged (3000-3800 words) specialist publications of TOK essay guides are based on the 2022 Guide Specifications and get you to think about what to do when preparing for your ToK essay.

Essay Guides Nov 2024

The guides have been developed independently and the content is in no way connected with or endorsed by the International Baccalaureate.

NOTICE: All Guides are tailored to the current TOK course based on the ToK Subject Guide 2022

Please DO NOT simply cut and paste details from the guides into your work as plagiarism will be penalised. And remember: we will NOT write essays for you. All Guides are published in ENGLISH.

Click on the 'Sample Guide' tab to see an example of the kind of guidance that you'll get when you order our ToK Essay Guide for the essays on the Essay topics for November 2024.

If you decide you want a platform to help you with your essay, click on an individual question or the 'BUY NOW' button, making sure that you indicate clearly the exact NUMBER of the Essay Guide you wish to purchase and allow 24 hrs for email delivery .

November 2024 Titles at a glance

The ToK Essay questions for November 2024 are usually released in March 2024

Click HERE to purchase a Guide

Q1. Responsibilities for pursuing knowledge.

Q2. Ingenuity & its limits in knowledge production.

Q3. AOKs cutting off ties with the past.

Q4. Similarities & differences between hypothesis & speculation.

Q5. Anomalies in knowledge production.

Q6. Knowledge & adopting different lenses.

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November 2024 Guides

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ToK Essay Guides November 2024

A more detailed view of the guides is given below..., sample guide, title 1: does our responsibility....

‘Responsibility’ adds an ethical dimension to the title...

Re ad more ...

What the students say...

Title 2: ...is ingenuity always needed....

What does this ‘engine room’ of each AOK look like...?

“The Guides are thorough and clear and give a great starting point - I got a really good sense of how to plan out my ideas.”

Mariah, Wellington

Title 3: How might it benefit...?

This title wants you to focus on time...

Title 4: To what extent do you agree...?

‘Hypothesis’ and ‘speculation’ seem vastly different...

Title 5: In the production of knowledge...?

An ‘anomaly’ is not the same as an ‘error’...

Title 6: ...what is gained by the artist...?

This title is about ‘perspectives’ and ‘perspective taking’...

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Link to the specification changes for 2022. 

Help you unpack the terms of the question.

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Point you in the direction of examples to support arguments/counter claims.

Trace links to Core/Optional Themes.

Indicate 'Tips on Essay Writing Style'. 

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Plagiarism damages your chances of getting your Diploma. 

Please avoid cutting and pasting sentences from the Guide or any other sources into your work.

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    ToK Essay Guides for May 2025

  based on the new tok subject guide (2022)...,    .

These will be available in the autumn of 2024...

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Unpacking the 2024 November TOK Titles: A Comprehensive IB Solved Guide

The November 2024 IB Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay Titles are out!

Let's be honest – tackling the TOK essay can be a daunting task. With so many ideas, concepts and topics at our disposal and a myriad of ideas swirling around, it's easy to feel overwhelmed at the outset.

That's where we come in.

In this article, we'll delve into each title and offer some strategic advice on how to approach them.

General Tips to Unpacking a Title

When we first encounter a prompt, we want to think in terms of perspectives and counter-perspectives (formerly known as claims and counterclaims). This framework allows for a structured essay, exploring the title through the lens of two chosen Areas of Knowledge (AOKs) and weaving in different arguments. While the ultimate conclusion you draw may often reside somewhere between these extremes or on a conditional basis (e.g. perspective 1 is correct in certain circumstances, while perspective 2 is a better approach in other), starting with opposing arguments can facilitate the development of a more nuanced exploration and argument.

So let's get to it – here is everything you need to know about the November 2024 TOK Essay titles:

Title 1:  Does our responsibility to acquire knowledge vary according to the area of knowledge? Discuss with reference to history and one other area of knowledge.

Recommended AOKs: History (Mandatory) and Natural Sciences/The Arts/Human Sciences

This title prompts an assessment of whether we have different levels of responsibility to acquire knowledge across different AOKs. While you are open to argue against the title directly, suggesting that the responsibility is the same across AOKs, this would be unwise. It would be better to reflect on each AOK and perhaps present one perspective in support of the responsibility and one perspective against it, drawing a conclusion on which argument is stronger in each AOK.

Also consider the difference between the acquisition and production of knowledge – perhaps we have a broader responsibility to produce new knowledge in some areas of knowledge but not necessarily to acquire it as individual knowers.

Some perspectives you may consider:

Perspective: We have a responsibility to acquire knowledge to ensure that we construct an accurate record of the past. It is our responsibility to know our History and learn from the past.

Counter-Perspective: Historical knowledge is limited by subjectivity and collective memory, hence it is not essential to acquire knowledge of our past to build a successful future.

Perspective: We have a responsibility to acquire artistic knowledge to understand cultures and societies.

Counter-Perspective: The acquisition of knowledge in the Arts is for aesthetic purposes and enjoyment, not the fulfilment of a responsibility.

Natural Sciences/Human Sciences

Perspective: We have a responsibility to acquire new scientific knowledge for the continual development of mankind.

Counter-Perspective: Understanding how the world/humans work is not necessary knowledge for knowers to acquire.

Title 2:  In the production of knowledge, is ingenuity always needed but never enough? Discuss with reference to mathematics and one other area of knowledge.

Recommended AOKs: Mathematics (Mandatory) and Natural Sciences/The Arts/Human Sciences

This is a super interesting title – ensure you define 'ingenuity' from the outset. The essay almost structures itself – your first paragraph in each AOK can consider how/whether ingenuity is 'always needed', exploring how this plays out in each AOK, while the second paragraph can explore whether or not it is 'never enough'.

Some ideas you may consider:

Paradigm Shifts – To revolutionise an AOK, often ingenuity is needed to enact a paradigm shift (a new way of thinking which changes the entire knowledge structure of an AOK) and to ensure progress.

Creativity – Creative thinking is important not only for AOKs such as the Arts, but even in Mathematics and the Sciences. Discovering innovative ways of devising experiments or utilising clever analogies to explain incredibly complex concepts is integral to these AOKs.

Structure – Ingenuity is only valuable within a framework for knowledge production, whether this be an artistic process or the scientific method.

Title 3:  How might it benefit an area of knowledge to sever ties with its past? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

Recommended AOKs: History, Natural Sciences, The Arts and Human Sciences

The 'How' of this title restricts the scope to discussing different 'benefits' rather than a standard 'perspective-counter' analysis. It will also be important to define exactly what 'severing ties' involves – does this mean completely ignoring all past knowledge or simply becoming less attached to existing ways of thinking?

Some ideas for this title:

Fresh Ideas and Paradigm Shifts – By severing ties, you open up the possibility of acquiring knowledge which can overhaul an entire AOK, drastically accelerating progress.

Bias – By severing past ties, knowers can free themselves of the biases of their predecessors.

Innovation – Since existing frameworks of thinking often lead to similar conclusions, you can expand the possibilities of new knowledge by severing past ties.

However, you may interestingly conclude that these benefits are only reaped when ties to the past are severed to an extent, as it may be detrimental to an AOK to entirely negate past knowledge.

Title 4:  To what extent do you agree that there is no significant difference between hypothesis and speculation? Discuss with reference to the human sciences and one other area of knowledge.

Recommended AOKs: Human Sciences and History/Natural Sciences

This prompt is very focused on your definitions. I would suggest defining these terms distinctly and precisely from the outset. The primary question which this title is asking is whether hypotheses are mere "speculation" or "guesses", or if there is a significant difference.

Also, if selecting the Human and Natural Sciences, please ensure that your perspectives aren't repetitious and highlight the differences between these AOKs.

Development – Speculation and hypothesis differ in the fact that the development of a hypothesis generally requires significant prior research and an understanding of existing knowledge

Experimentation – Hypotheses are developed purposefully and then empirical experimentation are conducted to provide evidence either in support or against them

Emotion – Speculation tends to come from 'feelings' or 'impressions', whereas the development of a hypothesis is far more methodical

Title 5:  In the production of knowledge, are we too quick to dismiss anomalies? Discuss with reference to two areas of knowledge.

Recommended AOKs: Human Sciences/History/Natural Sciences

This title allows you to reflect on whether or not we dismiss 'anomalies' (a key term to be defined) too quickly when producing knowledge.

Paradigm Shift – Anomalies are often the prompt for a paradigm shift in the sciences, causing us to challenge existing beliefs and ideas

Exceptions – Often rather than investigating anomalies further and considering an overhaul of existing knowledge, anomalies are dismissed as 'exceptions' to the rule, rather than a justification to question the rule itself

Generalisation – There is often a focus on generating 'general' rules and theories which can lead anomalies to be dismissed (think of the Human Sciences – how often do we produce a rule about human behaviour but ignore those who behave contrary to the rule)

Title 6:  In the pursuit of knowledge, what is gained by the artist adopting the lens of the scientist and the scientist adopting the lens of the artist? Discuss with reference to the arts and the natural sciences.

Recommended AOKs: The Arts and the Natural Sciences

This title requires you to define the 'lens' of each of these AOKs from the outset. It will be better to define them quite opposingly – the scientist is more methodical, experimental and structured, whilst the artist is more free-flowing and creative. You will then be able to take these attributes and argue which elements would be better across the two disciplines.

Creativity – Scientists can benefit from the creativity of artists when developing innovative ways of experimenting, presenting results and constructing abstract theories

Structure – Artists can often benefit from a methodical approach to constructing art, particularly when aiming to convey a specific message or purpose through their art

Flexibility – Artists are often quite flexible when constructing an artwork, always willing to change and adapt to their free-flowing thoughts, an attribute which is highly beneficial for scientists who at times may become rigid in their thinking and fixed to pre-existing scientific beliefs.

And that's it - our comprehensive guide to the 2024 November TOK Titles! If you're still racking your brain as to how to begin the writing process for your TOK essay, why not check out our post on The Complete IB TOK Essay Guide . Or check out one of our Grade A Exemplar TOK Essays ! Or better yet, if you are looking for some more personal assistance with your IB TOK Essay, click below to reach out to us and we can work with you through the entire writing process, from title selection to the best structure for success!

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The Secrets to Success in the Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay

Unpacking the 2023 November TOK Titles: A Comprehensive IB Solved Guide

ToK Essay Nov 24

We have many resources designed to help you to write a great ToK Essay Nov 24. ToKToday resources have been used to great success by hundreds of students in the last 3 exam sessions, these resources have been updated specifically for the Nov 2024 titles, and in response to the latest ToK Examiners reports.

Resources available for each Nov 2024 ToK Essay Title:

Essay 1: Responsibility to acquire knowledge

• Detailed Essay Guidance Notes linked here
• Covering The Basics video for Essay #1
• Main video for Essay #1
• Covering the basics blogpost for Essay #1
• Main blogpost for Essay #1

Essay 2: Ingenuity: always needed, but never enough?

• Covering The Basics video for Essay #2
• Main video for Essay #2
• Covering the basics blogpost for Essay #2
• Main blogpost for Essay #2

Essay 3: Sever ties: benefits ?

• Covering The Basics video for Essay #3
• Main video for Essay #3
• Covering the basics blogpost for Essay #3
• Main blogpost for Essay #3

Essay 4: Hypothesis & Speculation

• Covering The Basics video for Essay #4
• Main video for Essay #4
• Covering the basics blogpost for Essay #4
• Main blogpost for Essay #4

Essay 5: Anomalies

• Covering The Basics video for Essay #5
• Main video for Essay #5
• Covering the basics blogpost for Essay #5
• Main blogpost for Essay #5

Essay 6: Lens of artist & scientist

Frequently Asked Questions re. ToK Essay Guidance Notes.

The IB own the copyright to the ToK Essay Nov 24 Titles, and they don’t allow people to repost them without written permission. We respect academic integrity, and the rights of IB. Therefore, I can only post ‘attenuated’ versions of the titles here. If you’re a student writing an essay for Nov 24 ensure that you get the exact title from your teacher rather than use my ‘version’ of the essay title .

More on ToK Essay Nov 24 Titles:

If you need help writing your ToK Essay see our student support pages here .

If you want to watch videos about the ToK Essay see our YouTube Channel here.