research topics in human kinetics and health education

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Int J Environ Res Public Health
• PMC10252659

Knowledge in Motion: A Comprehensive Review of Evidence-Based Human Kinetics

Associated data.

Not applicable.

This comprehensive review examines critical aspects of evidence-based human kinetics, focusing on bridging the gap between scientific evidence and practical implementation. To bridge this gap, the development of tailored education and training programs is essential, providing practitioners with the expertise and skills to effectively apply evidence-based programs and interventions. The effectiveness of these programs in improving physical fitness across all age groups has been widely demonstrated. In addition, integrating artificial intelligence and the principles of slow science into evidence-based practice promises to identify gaps in knowledge and stimulate further research in human kinetics. The purpose of this review is to provide researchers and practitioners with comprehensive information on the application of scientific principles in human kinetics. By highlighting the importance of evidence-based practice, this review is intended to promote the adoption of effective interventions to optimize physical health and enhance performance.

1. Evidence-Based Practice: Unfolding the Map

The importance of evidence-based practice (EBP) in advancing public health has been extensively documented in the literature [ 1 , 2 ]. EBP offers multiple benefits [ 3 ]: (1) it improves healthcare and increases efficiency; (2) it leads to better outcomes and promotes transparency; (3) it promotes collaboration and knowledge sharing among professionals; (4) it facilitates the effective application of evidence in practice, thereby improving individual health outcomes. Several initiatives, such as the European Union’s Evidence-Based Medicine project [ 4 ], as well as educational programs focused on EBP, actively support the promotion of EBP in health education. The integration of EBP into human kinetics is also seen as critical to improving athlete preparation and performance.

EBP has become a crucial decision-making process in various fields, including human kinetics [ 5 ]. The EBP process model, which originated in evidence-based medicine (EBM), was defined by Sackett and colleagues [ 6 , 7 , 8 ] as the “conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individuals clients” [ 6 ] (p. 71) and as “the integration of best research evidence with clinical expertise and client values” [ 8 ] (p. 1). Despite its growing importance, there is still no consensus on the exact definition of EBP, which leads to confusion and hinders its effective application. Misinterpretations often arise from inaccurate representations, limited access to primary sources, and the introduction of new EBP models that share similarities with the original model [ 9 , 10 ]. Establishing a clear and universally accepted definition of EBP across disciplines and settings is critical to improving professional practice and achieving optimal outcomes [ 9 ].

The three-part model of EBP assumes that clinical decision making is based on research evidence, clinical expertise, and client values [ 8 ]. While this model is widely accepted and successful in many healthcare settings, its application in other contexts has proven difficult. Key problems include overemphasis on research findings (“scientocentrism”), insufficient consideration of client values [ 11 ], overreliance on expertise, and limited communication between researchers and practitioners [ 12 ]. Practitioners should prioritize all three components of EBP when making decisions for their clients [ 11 , 12 ].

Overall, EBP is a decision-making process that practitioners go through in five steps [ 13 ]. The first step is to formulate a relevant practical question that can be answered. The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, and outcome) model is a commonly used framework for structuring clinical questions [ 14 ]. Second, practitioners need to search for the most reliable research evidence from sources such as peer-reviewed journals, systematic reviews, and electronic databases. Third, research findings must be critically evaluated to determine their validity and applicability (this includes factors such as study design, sample size, statistical analysis, and other methodological issues). Fourth, practitioners must match the research findings with their expertise and the characteristics of their clients to make a practical decision. Finally, they must monitor their clients’ progress, evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention in achieving the desired outcomes, and review the results when adjustments are needed [ 10 , 13 , 15 , 16 ].

How do practitioners evaluate scientific findings for practical use? Systematic reviews that meticulously summarize research findings to answer specific questions are considered the heart of EBP [ 17 ]. Scientific methods have been developed to summarize the results of multiple research studies to provide valuable insights for EBP. In fact, the types of evidence in EBP are hierarchically ordered based on their design quality and reliability. Typically, a pyramid model is used to order the types of evidence, with higher positions indicating stronger evidence. Each level builds on the data and research findings of the previous levels. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses represent the highest level of evidence but are relatively rare. As one moves down the pyramid, there is more evidence, but the quality may decrease [ 18 ]. There are different versions of the evidence pyramid, including the 4S [ 19 ], 5S [ 20 ], 6S [ 21 ], or 9S pyramid [ 18 ], which can lead to confusion. The multitude of different pyramid models highlights the need for clarity in understanding and navigating these models.

Murad and colleagues [ 22 ] argue that the old evidence pyramid was too simplistic and inflexible. They propose restructuring the pyramid to allow more flexibility in evaluating evidence. First, they suggest replacing the straight lines between levels of evidence with wavy lines to illustrate that lower-level evidence can outweigh typical higher-level evidence. Second, the authors recommend removing systematic reviews and meta-analyses from the top of the pyramid because not all are of equal quality, and some may even provide less robust data than the evidence at the previous levels. When systematic reviews and meta-analyses are removed from the traditional evidence pyramid, these tools can be used as lenses to assess the quality of evidence published at each level of the pyramid. This approach allows practitioners to interpret and evaluate evidence as it becomes available, rather than waiting years for a new or updated systematic review.

As mentioned earlier, the main goal of EBP is to provide the most effective interventions based on the best available evidence. Human kinetics serves as a prime example of the practical application of this approach, as sport science research often focuses on the translation of findings into practice. EBP in sport can be defined as the integration of technical expertise, athlete values, and the most reliable evidence to support decision making in the athlete training process [ 5 ]. In recent years, EBP has attracted considerable attention in the field of human kinetics, particularly in high-performance sport [ 5 ]. Numerous prominent global sport organizations have established research partnerships and innovation centers to further advance EBP [ 5 , 23 ]. Implementing EBP in human kinetics has the potential to improve training and performance outcomes, minimize training-related errors such as injuries, consider known benefits and risks in decision making, challenge subjective beliefs, and incorporate athlete and coach preferences into training and performance strategies [ 5 ].

Despite considerable progress, there is still a large gap between scientific knowledge and its practical implementation in human kinetics. This calls for the exploration of potential solutions to ensure the effective implementation of research findings and recommendations in real-world sport contexts. The purpose of this comprehensive review is, therefore, to examine several key aspects of EBP in human kinetics, highlight the existing gap between science and practice, and identify potential opportunities for EBP to improve outcomes in the field. Our goal is to enable researchers and practitioners to critically evaluate the application of EBP in human kinetics by presenting comprehensive information.

2. Paving the Way: Literature Search Strategy

This article presents a qualitative synthesis in the form of a narrative literature review. A literature search strategy was developed using the following electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The selection of these databases was based on preliminary and exploratory research that indicated they contained significant and relevant work. Searches were conducted using keywords associated with the following groups of search terms: (a) evidence-based practice (e.g., evidence-based practice education, evidence-based medicine, evidence-based programs, researchers, practitioners, application of science, applied research, knowledge translation, the science–practice gap, artificial intelligence (AI)); (b) sport science (e.g., human kinetics, sport science research, sport scientists, sport science, athletic training, coaches, sport science, sport, exercise, physical activity, professional sport, and sport practice). The different search terms within each group were combined using the Boolean operator “OR”. The search terms from both groups were then combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. In addition, the reference lists of retrieved articles were analyzed to identify additional studies that met the defined eligibility criteria. In a further step, the studies were also searched via Google Scholar. An integrative perspective was adopted, including studies of all types to capture the context, processes, and important elements related to the topic under discussion. Therefore, publications that met the following criteria were eligible for this synthesis: books and peer-reviewed articles published in English between 1990 and 2023. Articles published in conference proceedings, abstracts, and unpublished manuscripts were not considered. Duplicate and unlinked articles were excluded before the full-text reading phase.

3. Bridging the Gap: Towards an Effective Evidence-Based Human Kinetics

Incorporating EBP into human kinetics has the potential to improve performance, minimize errors, facilitate informed and data-driven decisions, prioritize empirical evidence over faith-based perspectives, and foster collaboration between practitioners and clients [ 5 ]. However, despite the widely recognized need to translate human kinetics research into practical applications, barriers to EBP implementation persist [ 5 , 12 , 24 ]. This underscores the importance of bridging the gap between research and practice to develop effective evidence-based interventions and strategies. The purpose of this section is to identify the barriers and facilitators to this process. As the integration of research and practice becomes increasingly important in the field of human kinetics, the potential benefits of EBP should not be underestimated.

Collaboration between researchers and practitioners is critical to bridging the gap between research and practice. Unfortunately, this cooperation is often insufficient and leads to discrepancy between research results and their practical applications. One study found that high-performing coaches prefer informal conversations with their colleagues to acquire scientific knowledge, highlighting the need for more structured and formal collaboration [ 25 ]. In addition, researchers may prioritize topics based on their personal interest rather than their practical relevance to practitioners [ 26 ]. Marginalization of practitioners may also hinder collaboration, as some practitioners perceive themselves as less knowledgeable compared to researchers, while some researchers overemphasize the value of scientific contributions to success [ 27 ]. To overcome these challenges, sport organizations should proactively initiate collaboration with practitioners to identify and prioritize research questions [ 12 ]. Effective integration of research findings into practice requires a symbiotic relationship between practitioner experience and scientific research. Organizations can establish research and development (R&D) departments staffed by people with scientific expertise to improve decision-making processes. Similarly, staff with research experience are essential for organizations to work closely with practitioners [ 28 ]. However, the establishment of R&D departments may face obstacles such as organizational constraints, including financial limitations and staff acceptance issues [ 25 , 29 ]. In addition, successful collaboration requires a multidisciplinary approach that brings together key stakeholders from different fields [ 28 ].

Another barrier to implementing evidence-based human kinetics is the lack of access to research findings, which are often published in academic journals that require a subscription, making them inaccessible to practitioners [ 12 , 29 , 30 ]. This lack of access can lead to outdated or incorrect decisions based on intuition or experience rather than evidence-based practices. To address this issue, practitioners prefer more accessible ways of accessing scientific information, such as face-to-face conversations, infographics, podcasts, and social media platforms [ 12 , 29 , 31 ]. There are also websites dedicated to transforming scientific research into easily consumable formats such as videos and blogs to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse [ 32 ]. Qualitative research and case studies have also been suggested as effective means of linking research and practice and developing hypotheses for future research questions [ 33 , 34 ]. In addition to accessibility, lack of research applicability is also a common barrier to EBP. Many studies rely on theoretical hypotheses without considering practical issues [ 12 , 25 , 28 , 30 ]. Experimental control in field-based research in high-performance environments is also a challenge [ 35 ]. Bias in training and randomization are other significant barriers to effective research implementation [ 5 ]. Finally, the quality of research design and implementation is critical to the strength of evidence, as high-quality research leads to more reliable and robust results necessary for effective decision making [ 36 ].

The application of EBP in human kinetics can be challenging for practitioners, who may lack the necessary scientific terminology to accurately communicate research findings. Consequently, research findings may be misinterpreted, misapplied, or overlooked. In addition, practitioners’ attitudes and beliefs may hinder the adoption of EBP, as some people lack confidence in research findings and instead rely solely on their intuition and personal experience, which may prove impractical and time consuming [ 25 , 29 ]. Practitioners’ ability to effectively apply research findings is also limited by their fast-paced work environment and lack of time and expertise to analyze the results. According to a study by Reade and colleagues [ 25 ], coaches are least likely to learn from academic journals due to their busy schedules. On the other hand, researchers may need time to address complex challenges, which can lead to a disconnect between the two groups and make it difficult to align their goals [ 12 , 29 , 30 , 31 ]. Nonetheless, high-performing organizations can facilitate collaboration between practitioners and researchers to leverage the strengths of both groups. Finally, the application of EBP in the field of human kinetics may be hindered by inadequate education and training. Therefore, it is critical to prioritize the integration of EBP into the academic curricula of human kinetics programs [ 12 ].

For those seeking a collaborative approach, Bishop [ 36 ] has developed the Applied Research Model for the Sport Sciences (ARMSS), a comprehensive framework for conducting applied research in the sport sciences. The ARMSS model emphasizes that applied research should aim to answer questions that arise in an applied context through description, testing, and implementation. The model includes eight phases that provide a structured approach to conducting research studies to improve athletic performance and enhance athletic training programs. These phases are as follows: (1) problem definition (identifying the research problem and clearly defining the research questions); (2) descriptive research (collecting and analyzing data describing the phenomenon under study); (3) predictors of performance (identifying potential predictors of athletic performance and conducting regression analyses to determine the strength of their relationship to performance outcomes); (4) experimental testing of predictors (conducting experiments to test the identified predictors of athletic performance); (5) determinants of key performance predictors (identifying underlying mechanisms that explain the relationship between predictors and athletic performance and selecting the best interventions to modify performance predictors); (6) intervention studies (evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to improve athletic performance, including efficacy studies); (7) barriers (and motivators) to intervention adoption (identifying factors that discourage stakeholders from adopting interventions and exploring potential motivators to promote adoption); and (8) sport implementation studies (conducting efficacy studies to evaluate the practical implementation of sport interventions). Although sport performance research has often been viewed as underfunded and ineffective, the ARMSS model has gained popularity. Ultimately, the model underscores the importance of linking academic research with practical applications in sport and collaborating with practitioners to develop and evaluate innovative solutions that could improve athlete development and performance.

Other models focusing on multidisciplinary approaches to performance optimization have been proposed in recent years [ 26 , 37 ] and involve multiple key stakeholders in the research process. Jones and colleagues [ 26 ] emphasize the importance of collaborating with policy makers and practitioners to develop research questions that maximize the utility and adoption of research findings in practice. The ultimate goal of applied research should be to provide useful results, not just interesting ones. The authors propose a model that combines internal research initiatives with input from experts outside the field, which can lead to a competitive advantage. Thus, they offer different perspectives on the roles, challenges, and positions of stakeholders in the research practitioner model, which includes research and performance management, researchers, practitioners, and research practitioners. The latter are involved in both practice (30% of their time) and research (70% of their time). Similarly, Bartlett and Drust [ 37 ] propose a framework for effective information transfer in sport that highlights the critical components required for successful knowledge transfer and performance delivery in high-performance sport, with a focus on practitioners. These critical components include: EBP (which requires strong collaborative relationships among stakeholders); philosophy (related to character, leadership, and peer evaluation); receiver (which requires an understanding of stakeholders and what contributes to the knowledge transfer process); facilitation (which is viewed as an enabling process that requires a range of personal attributes, expertise, and interpersonal skills). Incorporating such research approaches that consider multiple stakeholders and the context of sport can advance EBP in human kinetics.

4. The Pursuit of Expertise in Evidence-Based Practice

Expertise is one of the three components of EBP, along with client values/preferences and best available research [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. However, what exactly does this term mean? It refers to the knowledge, skills, and experience that a practitioner has acquired over time in a particular field. This expertise is based on years of experience, current research knowledge, and ongoing education. In the context of EBP, expertise includes the ability to critically evaluate and integrate research findings and relate this knowledge to client values/preferences to make professional decisions [ 38 ]. Practitioners play a critical role in translating research findings into practice because they can use their knowledge and experience to select the most relevant and reliable information for their practice. They can then use their expertise to tailor research findings to the unique needs and situations of individual clients [ 19 ].

Education plays a key role in developing the necessary expertise for EBP. Although EBP has long been used in clinical practice, education and training in EBP is often inadequate [ 39 ]. Integrating EBP into education is critical to improve practitioners’ skills and knowledge and enable them to critically evaluate and incorporate research findings into practice to ultimately improve outcomes. Advanced courses that incorporate EBP can promote the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills that are essential for informed decision making [ 40 ]. In addition, EBP education promotes a culture of lifelong learning and professional development that enables practitioners to keep pace with scientific advances. It also supports teamwork and collaboration by encouraging the sharing of expertise and knowledge among practitioners. Finally, EBP education can foster an organizational culture that supports EBP, leading to better outcomes and more effective use of resources [ 39 ].

Some authors, such as Straus and colleagues [ 41 ], acknowledge the importance of incorporating EBP into high-level courses to provide health professionals with the knowledge and skills they need to deliver high-quality care based on the best available evidence. They argue for the inclusion of EBP at all levels of education, including undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education. Other authors [ 38 , 42 ] emphasize the importance of practitioners keeping abreast of the latest research to ensure optimal care. Greenhalgh and colleagues [ 42 ] argue that healthcare education should not only cover the concepts of EBP but also provide the practical skills and tools for its application. Therefore, it is critical to integrate EBP into all health professions curricula, including courses in human kinetics, to ensure that future professionals develop a solid foundation in research and acquire the ability to translate evidence into practice.

A variety of teaching methods are used in college courses and training programs to promote the use of EBP among professionals. These methods may include didactic lectures, interactive workshops, online courses, and clinical practices. Didactic lectures and seminars are commonly used in EBP courses to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of EBP principles and the skills necessary to apply them in clinical practice. These lectures typically cover basic aspects of EBP, such as formulating clinical questions, conducting evidence searches, and assessing the quality of evidence [ 42 ]. Although didactic lectures have been shown to improve EBP knowledge and skills, they do not always lead to behavior change [ 43 , 44 ].

Incorporating interactive workshops into EBP education and training can be an effective method for developing EBP skills because they use small group activities, case studies, and role-playing to enhance EBP skills. A randomized controlled trial has shown that interactive EBP workshops are more effective than didactic lectures in improving EBP-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes [ 43 ]. In this approach, students are presented with clinical scenarios and are tasked with developing treatment plans using EBP concepts. In this and other methods, case-based learning can be used in which students learn to apply EBP concepts in real clinical scenarios. This technique has been shown to be particularly effective for long-term retention and application of knowledge [ 45 ]. Interactive and problem-based learning have the potential to improve problem-solving and critical thinking skills, thereby enhancing EBP skills and knowledge [ 46 , 47 , 48 ].

Online courses and modules are also popular because they offer learners convenience and flexibility. They use a combination of didactic lectures, interactive activities, and self-directed learning to teach EBP skills. For example, the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine in Oxford ( https://www.cebm.net/ (accessed on 26 January 2023)) has developed several online EBP learning modules. These online courses/modules are often accessible via in-service learning and have quality criteria to ensure that students and practitioners apply the material in practice [ 49 ]. However, a review of online EBP courses found that while they can improve EBP knowledge and skills, they may not be as effective at translating knowledge into behavior change [ 50 ].

Incorporating information technology (IT) is another effective approach to EBP education. This involves the use of technology, such as mobile devices, in the classroom or clinical setting to teach EBP search tactics, critical evaluation of clinical guidelines, and task-oriented information for clinical practice [ 51 , 52 ]. However, despite its accessibility, technology is underutilized in teaching and clinical practice [ 52 ]. Nonetheless, IT technology has been shown to be an effective teaching method, and future research should explore the potential of the Internet and smartphone applications to promote interactive online learning and engagement [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].

In addition, integrating EBP education with clinical practice has proven to be a popular approach to EBP teaching because it provides learners with practical opportunities to apply their EBP skills in the real world [ 54 ]. Clinical experiences, such as internships and mentorships, are examples of these integrated approaches. A comprehensive review of EBP education found that clinical experiences contribute to behavior change and improve patient outcomes [ 44 ]. When learning is integrated into clinical practice rather than limited to traditional courses, health professionals demonstrate improvement in skills, attitudes, and behaviors, and they are more likely to retain and apply acquired knowledge in their practice. Individual courses may improve the content of information but not necessarily the skills, attitudes, and behaviors. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether learners retain the acquired knowledge in the long term, apply the learned skills in practice, or use EBP more frequently [ 56 ].

On the other hand, informal gatherings such as journal clubs provide professionals with a platform to discuss current research findings and their practical implications. These clubs can promote critical thinking skills and the application of research findings to practice [ 57 , 58 ]. Although journal clubs are not widely used, they have had a positive impact on EBP education by improving students’ ability to read articles, understand EBP, and develop the skills needed to provide evidence-based care [ 54 , 59 ]. Even though journal clubs may complement classroom lectures or clinical practice, further research is needed to determine their effectiveness in teaching EBP [ 54 ].

Finally, the use of librarians is a valuable method of teaching EBP. These librarians can help students develop search strategies and understand EBP concepts before they enter clinical practice. They can teach students how to navigate databases, evaluate sources, and synthesize evidence, providing them with important information skills for their future practice. Involving academic librarians in EBP education can be an effective approach to teaching the five steps of EBP described in the Sicily Statement. The first three steps can be taught in a classroom setting, while the last two steps can be applied in a clinical setting, allowing students to apply what they learn in real-life situations [ 54 ].

Research courses and workshops are common methods for teaching EBP [ 53 , 54 ]. These approaches involve several steps described in the Sicilian statement and often include collaboration with clinical practice, which has been shown to be effective in improving knowledge, skills, and attitudes about EBP [ 60 ]. Kyriakoulis and colleagues [ 53 ] suggest a combination of interventions, including lectures, tutorials, journal clubs, and online sessions, as the optimal approach for teaching EBP. However, further research is needed to determine the most effective teaching strategies for learners at different skill levels, ranging from novice to expert [ 57 ]. In addition, the frequency of interventions should be examined, as repeated interventions may increase learners’ confidence in using EBP and help maintain their skills over time [ 53 ]. Future research should also use more reliable methods to assess long-term retention of EBP skills [ 57 ]. While previous research has focused primarily on medical or nursing settings, there has been little research in other areas, including sports science. Therefore, conducting high-quality and reliable research in various fields is essential [ 53 ].

In this regard, questionnaires are a valuable tool to better understand EBP because they provide a consistent and structured method to collect information about practitioners’ beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. They offer several benefits, including identifying EBP barriers, addressing knowledge gaps, and promoting practitioner adoption of EBP. Questionnaires can be used to develop tailored interventions that address knowledge, attitudes, and barriers to EBP, thereby increasing effectiveness and the likelihood of behavior change. In addition, questionnaires can be used to track progress, assess long-term impact, and identify areas for improvement [ 61 ]. Finally, practitioners can collaborate and learn from each other by discussing their views, attitudes, and actions on EBP. In recent years, several tools have emerged to assess different aspects of EBP, particularly in the fields of medicine, nursing, and physical therapy [ 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 ]. In the field of human kinetics, although few tools exist to evaluate EBP approaches for various populations, considerable progress has been made, particularly in the area of athletic training and elite sports. Several assessment tools have been developed to address this need [ 25 , 29 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 ].

In summary, to improve the integration of research and practice in human kinetics, further research is needed that focuses on fostering collaboration between researchers and practitioners. This collaboration can be facilitated through qualitative research methods that can help understand practitioners’ goals and develop co-created objects of study [ 66 ]. Gaining insight into practitioners’ preferred feedback mechanisms and the challenges associated with translating research into practice is critical. Such understanding will enable the development of effective strategies for integrating coaches, staff, and players who share common goals. In addition, increasing access to educational and financial resources, actively engaging staff in the coaching environment, and developing a better understanding of player–coach relationships can help overcome barriers to EBP.

5. From Sprint to Marathon: When Artificial Intelligence Meets Slow Science

AI is a new and promising approach to EBP. It involves computer systems that are able to learn and reason similarly to humans, enabling them to perform cognitive tasks that normally depend on human cognitive abilities, such as problem solving, decision making, and perception [ 71 , 72 ]. By improving the accuracy and efficiency of evidence synthesis and decision-making processes, AI has the potential to increase the overall precision and effectiveness of EBP [ 73 ]. This section addresses the potential of AI-assisted EBP.

The amount of information available online is increasing exponentially every year. However, analyzing the voluminous data from clinical trials can be challenging with traditional data processing systems. With the continuous increase in information, the use of machine learning (ML) has become crucial for automated knowledge extraction [ 73 ]. ML is defined as “a field of artificial intelligence that systematically applies algorithms to identify the underlying relationships between data and information” [ 74 ] (p. 1). Thus, AI can help with automated literature searching and screening. AI algorithms can be trained to search and screen vast amounts of literature, which could reduce the time and resources required for systematic reviews and meta-analyses while improving the accuracy of search results [ 75 ].

ML algorithms have the potential to streamline data collection from multiple studies and enable semi-automated synthesis of results, including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Several AI-based technologies such as RobotReviewer [ 76 , 77 ], ASReview [ 78 ], and the Cochrane Evidence Pipeline and Centralized Search Service [ 79 ] have already been used for this purpose. The integration of AI can significantly reduce the time and resources required to conduct systematic reviews [ 80 ]. In a study by Wagner and colleagues [ 81 ], the use of AI throughout the literature review process, from problem definition to data analysis and interpretation, was shown to improve search accuracy and speed while reducing repetitive tasks. For example, the RobotReviewer tool provides a user-friendly interface that identifies relevant studies, reduces reliance on manual searching, and provides real-time updates with new primary research findings [ 77 ]. Researchers also use automation tools such as SAMA [ 82 ], MetaCyto [ 83 ], and Python-Meta [ 84 ] to perform meta-analyses.

The use of AI is not limited to automated literature searches and synthesis of evidence. It can also be used to analyze electronic records and other datasets to uncover patterns and relationships that are not apparent using traditional analytical methods. This can lead to new insights and the development of tailored and effective solutions [ 85 ]. By leveraging client data and current research, AI-based decision support systems can help practitioners make more accurate and efficient diagnoses and intervention decisions, which could improve outcomes while reducing diagnostic errors and costs [ 85 , 86 ]. In addition, Topol [ 85 ] suggests that AI could accelerate the discovery of new treatments and improve healthcare delivery.

AI has the potential to revolutionize EBP by enabling professionals to access and analyze large amounts of data more efficiently, leading to better outcomes and cost reductions. Still, the application of AI in EBP comes with certain challenges and limitations. For example, if AI algorithms are not properly trained or validated, they may introduce bias or provide unreliable results, and ethical concerns have been raised about the use of AI in healthcare [ 76 ]. The notion that AI could improve and partially automate research has sparked lively debates in various scientific disciplines, including the health sciences [ 87 , 88 ]. In particular, the concept of automated science raises crucial questions about the future of research in areas that require “sophisticated abstract thinking, intricate knowledge of methodologies and epistemology, and persuasive writing skills” [ 89 ] (p. 292).

The concept of slow science offers an alternative approach to the traditional model of science. It emphasizes a careful, reflective, and collaborative method that values attention and slowness as crucial elements of scientific practice [ 90 ]. Although it may seem contradictory, AI and slow science can complement each other to provide a more comprehensive understanding of complex phenomena. AI can rapidly analyze large amounts of data and detect patterns that might be overlooked by human researchers by using ML algorithms to detect correlations, predict outcomes, and discover new associations between variables [ 75 , 80 ]. Meanwhile, slow science emphasizes a critical and thoughtful approach to research and encourages researchers to take the time to think deeply about their findings and engage in discourse with their colleagues. Quality takes precedence over quantity and leads to a more thorough and clear understanding of complex phenomena [ 90 ].

The combination of slow science and AI has the potential to revolutionize EBP by combining careful analysis with cutting-edge technology. AI can analyze massive amounts of data quickly, while slow science offers a more reflective and analytical approach to research, taking the time to consider the implications of the results. This approach can lead to the identification of new research topics, the refinement of current ideas, and the development of innovative EBP-based interventions [ 75 , 85 ]. There are several ways that slow science and AI can be used together to improve EBP. Slow science can ensure that research is of high quality [ 90 ], while AI can accelerate data analysis. This can help professionals make informed decisions based on the latest studies. For example, while slow science can help develop personalized interventions for clients, AI can analyze a large dataset and make suggestions based on the latest research [ 85 ]. Slow science can also ensure that research studies are conducted in a transparent and ethical manner [ 90 ]. Meanwhile, AI can be used to examine large datasets and detect patterns that are difficult to see with the naked eye [ 75 , 80 ]. This can help professionals identify areas that need more research and ensure that studies are conducted in a fair and ethical manner. In addition, slow science can foster collaboration between researchers and practitioners [ 90 ], while AI can analyze data from multiple sources and provide insights that may not be apparent from a single study [ 80 ]. By automating tasks such as literature searches and evidence synthesis, AI can give practitioners more time to reflect on their practice and apply research findings.

In summary, slow science and AI can work harmoniously to improve EBP by providing a thorough yet efficient approach to data analysis and research. In their recent study, Marshall and colleagues [ 77 ] highlight the importance of AI in the context of live systematic reviews, an innovative approach to updating evidence syntheses that can help reduce the burden and improve the timeliness of systematic reviews. However, they emphasize the importance of combining AI with human expertise. The literature review process involves both creative and mechanical tasks, and advanced AI-based tools offer new opportunities to reduce the time spent on routine tasks while allowing researchers more time for creative activities that require human interpretation, insight, and expertise [ 81 , 88 ].

The integration of AI and slow science holds the potential for significant advances in evidence-based human kinetics. ML techniques, supported by improved computational power and access to new data sources, can provide valuable insights for training, performance improvement, and injury prevention in human kinetics, both on and off the field [ 91 ]. Wearable technology is an example of how AI and slow science can be combined in the field of human kinetics. These technologies enable the collection of large amounts of data that can be used to develop evidence-based training plans and mitigate injury risk. However, to ensure accurate and meaningful conclusions, a careful and deliberate approach to data analysis and quality assurance that incorporates the principles of slow science is essential. Researchers must exercise caution in data collection and analysis while fully realizing the potential of AI to maintain the rigor and integrity of research [ 92 , 93 ].

While AI has the potential to automate repetitive tasks and provide support, human interpretation, synthesis, and creativity remain necessary for meaningful contributions and theory development [ 81 ]. Practitioners can optimize their solutions by leveraging the strengths of both approaches. Integrating slow science and AI can improve EBP by promoting transparency and ethical research behavior and enabling practitioners to make informed decisions based on the latest evidence. By using AI, professionals can expand their knowledge and optimize the efficiency of EBP. This allows them to effectively use research findings in thoughtful and reflective ways, ensuring that the specific needs of individual clients and communities are appropriately met. There is still much to be done to support repetitive tasks and enable meaningful contributions, but the future looks promising.

6. Evidence-Based Programs: A Proven Track Record

Evidence-based programs are comprehensive interventions designed to help clients with complex problems [ 94 ]. These programs have been rigorously tested in controlled settings and have been shown to be effective. They have then been translated into practical models that can be implemented by community-based organizations. To be considered evidence-based, a program must meet certain criteria that confirm its effectiveness and reliability. These criteria typically include using reliable scientific data, such as peer-reviewed studies or systematic reviews, ensuring replicability across settings, and conducting ongoing evaluations to confirm program effectiveness [ 95 , 96 ]. For a program to be truly effective, there must be solid evidence that its outcomes result directly from the program’s activities. When these criteria are met, programs are considered reliable and useful, enabling individuals and communities to achieve better outcomes [ 95 ]. In human kinetics, evidence-based programs provide proven techniques to improve health and prevent disease, ensuring that clients receive the most effective treatment and support to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury [ 97 ]. The purpose of this section, therefore, is to present evidence-based programs in the field of exercise science.

In recent decades, the use of research-based programs that rely on credible scientific evidence to improve health outcomes has gained prominence [ 97 ]. These programs are based on extensively validated research evidence that ensures their effectiveness and safety. They aim to provide individuals with a structured approach to achieve their health-related goals. Evidence-based human kinetics programs have been used in a variety of settings, including fitness [ 98 , 99 ], falls prevention [ 100 , 101 ], athletic training and injury prevention [ 102 , 103 ], adaptive sports [ 104 ], and dance [ 105 ]. These programs have been adapted to different populations and address specific conditions such as arthritis [ 106 ], diabetes [ 107 ], autism [ 108 ], and cancer [ 109 ]. Although there are numerous evidence-based programs, this discussion will focus on a few to provide an overview and highlight their effectiveness and applicability in different contexts. An extensive literature search enabled the identification of several representative evidence-based programs that have been extensively studied in terms of their outcomes. The goal is to present a comprehensive compilation of these programs as examples that demonstrate their effectiveness and applicability in different contexts.

As people age and look for ways to maintain their health and independence, evidence-based physical activity programs become increasingly valuable. These programs are developed based on sound scientific research and are designed to improve strength, balance, flexibility, and cardiovascular health. Vivifrail ( http://www.vivifrail.com/ (accessed on 6 February 2023) is an example of such a program. It is an individualized and multi-part exercise program for the elderly that includes exercises to improve various aspects of physical fitness, nutritional counseling, and cognitive training to promote a healthy lifestyle [ 100 ]. Vivifrail has been scientifically validated to improve physical fitness and reduce the risk of falls in older adults [ 110 , 111 ]. In a randomized controlled trial of Vivifrail [ 100 ], study participants showed significant improvement in functional capacity, cognitive function, muscle function, and mood. Another study [ 110 ] confirmed the short-term effectiveness of the program and its ability to prevent functional impairment and loss of strength in institutionalized elderly. Evidence-based programs such as Vivifrail can be of great benefit to older people, helping them to maintain physical function and independence.

Evidence-based athletic training and injury prevention programs have been developed to reduce injury risk and improve performance. The FIFA 11+ program, introduced in 2006, is a comprehensive warm-up program for soccer players that includes running, plyometric exercises, and balance/coordination exercises. The program consists of 15 exercises that focus on muscle strength, balance, and coordination [ 112 , 113 ]. Research has shown that training with the FIFA 11+ program at least twice per week can minimize injury risk in male and female soccer players [ 114 , 115 , 116 ]. Sadigursky and colleagues [ 113 ] conducted a systematic review of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ program in preventing injuries in soccer players of both sexes over the age of 13 years. The review found that the program resulted in a 30% decrease in injuries among soccer players. However, it was noted that a period of 10–12 weeks was required to achieve results. In addition, participation in the FIFA 11+ program has been shown to improve the physical performance of soccer players. Those who completed the program exhibited better dynamic balance and agility than those who did not [ 102 ]. Asgari and colleagues [ 117 ] also conducted a systematic review that demonstrated the effectiveness of medium- to long-term use of FIFA 11+ in improving most biomechanical parameters, core stability, and balance. Nevertheless, the study cautioned against using FIFA 11+ as a warm-up program before competitions, as it could have an immediate negative impact on performance. Overall, the scientific data supports the effectiveness of the FIFA 11+ program as a practical and accessible tool for coaches and players to prevent injuries and improve soccer player performance.

To optimize outcomes related to fitness and health, evidence-based fitness programs have also been established. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is one such program that has gained popularity. HIIT alternates periods of high intensity with periods of active or passive recovery [ 118 ]. Studies have shown that HIIT can improve cardiovascular fitness, metabolic health, and body composition [ 98 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ]. A systematic review and meta-analysis by Batacan and colleagues [ 98 ] showed that HIIT can effectively improve maximal oxygen uptake and several cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese populations, including waist circumference, body fat percentage, resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose. The physiological benefits of HIIT may not only improve cardiometabolic well-being, but also help mitigate the development and progression of disease-related risk factors associated with obesity and low aerobic fitness. In addition, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the beneficial effects of HIIT on cognitive performance [ 123 , 124 ] and functional training in older adults [ 125 , 126 ]. Stern and colleagues [ 118 ] conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that found that HIIT interventions improve functional movement measures in older adults, even in those with movement limitations. In summary, evidence-based HIIT programs provide an effective way to improve health outcomes and thus are a valuable addition to any exercise plan.

In summary, evidence-based human kinetics programs play a critical role in improving athletic performance and promoting overall health and well-being, as shown in Table 1 . These programs are based on sound scientific research and have demonstrated effectiveness in improving various health outcomes. However, it is important to note that evidence-based programs are not equally accessible to all people worldwide. This issue needs to be addressed to ensure equitable access for people around the world [ 97 ]. Despite these challenges, the development and implementation of evidence-based programs is an important step toward improving health on a global scale. These programs can help people reach their full potential while promoting their overall health and well-being by leveraging the latest research and best practices. As human kinetics continues to evolve, it is critical that evidence-based programs are promoted and made accessible to people from diverse backgrounds. This requires sustained efforts to support research, funding, and education, as well as a commitment to equal access to evidence-based programs for all people.

Key findings of human kinetics programs.

7. Stepping Stones to the Future: Next-Level Human Kinetics

Evidence-based human kinetics is a key component in promoting optimal health and performance outcomes for diverse groups. Despite a growing body of research on successful fitness programs and therapies, a large gap remains between evidence and practice. To close this gap, education and training programs must be developed to provide practitioners with the expertise and skills they need to effectively deliver evidence-based programs and interventions.

Collaboration between sport and health sciences also plays a critical role in pursuing a comprehensive and integrated approach to human well-being. By bridging the gap between these disciplines, we can improve our understanding of the intricate relationships between physical activity, performance, and health. This interdisciplinary approach sets the stage for EBP to maximize human potential, prevent disease, and promote overall wellness. The partnership between sport science and health science transcends the boundaries of their respective disciplines. By fostering collaboration and sharing knowledge, we can leverage the synergies between these fields and drive advances in both sport performance and public health. Together, we have the power to promote a culture of lifelong physical activity, improve athletic performance, and enhance the overall health and well-being of individuals and communities.

In addition, evidence-based programs have been shown to improve health outcomes, such as cardiovascular health, body composition, and muscle strength. However, for these programs to be successful, a detailed understanding of relevant research and practical concerns, such as individual differences in health status and preferences, is required. In addition, integrating AI and slow science into EBP has the potential to increase the effectiveness of interventions by identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities for additional research, thereby expanding the human kinetics database. This appears to be a potential avenue when combined with slow science.

Following this comprehensive review, see Figure 1 for a diagram summarizing the main concepts and ideas discussed.

Summary diagram on evidence-based human kinetics concepts.

In summary, evidence-based human kinetics provides a solid framework for understanding the positive effects of exercise and physical activity on health and performance. We can continue to improve our understanding of human kinetics and help people optimize their physical health and performance by promoting evidence-based sport science and advancing the dissemination of accurate and reliable information. Education, the use of evidence-based programs, and the incorporation of AI into practice are all viable ways to advance the discipline and improve outcomes for people around the world.

Funding Statement

This research received no external funding.

Author Contributions

Conceptualization, A.R.; validation, A.R. and J.P.; formal analysis, A.R., and J.P.; investigation, A.R., and J.P.; writing—original draft preparation, A.R.; writing—review and editing, A.R.; visualization, A.R., and J.P. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Institutional Review Board Statement

Informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to  upgrade your browser .

•  We're Hiring!
•  Help Center

Human Kinetics and Health Education

• Most Cited Papers
• Most Downloaded Papers
• Newest Papers
• Save to Library
• Physcial Education Follow Following
• Football Culture Follow Following
• History of Football Follow Following
• Anthropology of Sport Follow Following
• Sports Science and Physical Education Follow Following
• Health Promotion and Education Follow Following
• Eğitim Fakültesi Follow Following
• Eğitim Bilimleri Follow Following
• Sport and Exercise Science Follow Following
• Istanbul Follow Following

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

• Academia.edu Publishing
•   We're Hiring!
•   Help Center
• Find new research papers in:
• Health Sciences
• Earth Sciences
• Cognitive Science
• Mathematics
• Computer Science
• Academia ©2024

(Stanford users can avoid this Captcha by logging in.)

• Send to text email RefWorks EndNote printer

Journal of research and contemporary issues in human kinetics and health education

Available online, at the library.

SAL3 (off-campus storage)

More options.

• Find it at other libraries via WorldCat
• Contributors

Description

Creators/contributors, bibliographic information, browse related items.

• Stanford Home
• Maps & Directions
• Search Stanford
• Emergency Info
• Terms of Use
• Non-Discrimination
• Accessibility

© Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 .

Human Kinetics and Health Education- Scholarly Publications

Permanent uri for this collection, recent submissions.

• Item Open Access Self-reported measurement of physical activity patterns of selected occupations in Lagos, Nigeria. ( Journal of Research and Contemporary Issues in Human Kinetics and Health Education, 2020 ) Otinwa, G. O. ; Aoko, O. A. ; Ajiborisade, E. V. ; Ademola, V. D. Show more Researches have shown that physical inactivity is a key risk factor for non-communicable diseases and the fourth leading cause of early death globally. The study evaluated the physical activity patterns of selected occupations at the University of Lagos (UNILAG) Lagos, Nigeria. The participants for the study comprised secretaries, cab drivers, and shop owners within the tertiary institution. Informed consent forms were completed and returned by the participants. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) was used to assess the physical activity status of the participants. The Metabolic Equivalent of tasks (MET) of the respondents were graded from low to high based on their MET values. The sample is a total of one hundred and three (103) male and female participants selected through a convenient random sampling technique. Forty (40) were cab drivers, while 30 were shop owners and 33 secretaries. Data collected were analysed using the descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation with graphical illustrations while hypotheses were tested using the inferential statistics of independent sample t-test at a 0.05 level of significance. Findings indicated that majority of the respondents have a low level of physical activity, although female participants (168.86 MET) had a slightly higher MET value than male participants (150.43). On average, participants rated low in physical activity. Although secretaries (190.7 MET) had a somewhat larger mean MET than shop owners (151.09 MET). The study recommends the promotion of physical activities among various occupations and encourages them to acquire at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activities per week as recommended by the World Health Organization and to improve their cardiorespiratory fitness. Show more
• Item Open Access The Effects of Interactive Video Games (Exergame) Adherence on Physiological and Physical Parameters among Adolescents ( 2022 NUGA Scientific Journal, 2022 ) Otinwa, G. O. ; Esan, J. A. ; Amuzie, D. U. Show more This study examined the effects of interactive video games (exergame) adherence on physiological and physical parameters among adolescents in Lagos State. The pretest posttest experimental control group research design was used for the study. The population comprise 35,365 senior secondary school students in Education district IV of Lagos state. A total of sixty (60) students were selected from the three zones in Education district IV using the multi-stage sampling technique. The three zones in Education district IV are Apapa (6 senior secondary schools), Surulere (10 senior secondary schools) and Mainland (29 senior secondary schools). The following physiological and physical parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, Body Mass Index (BMI), percent body fat and muscle mass were measured. Data was analyzed with the descriptive statistics of frequency counts, mean, standard deviation and the inferential statistics of Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study indicated that there were significant differences in the pretest and posttest values of participants’ heart rate, diastolic and systolic blood pressure, percent body fat and muscle mass. It is recommended that adolescents should adhere to the recommendation of physical exercise in order to get the desired benefits of it, thereby improving their quality of life. Show more
• Item Open Access Cross Sectional Analysis of Health Status and Well-being of Children in Nigeria-Linx Project ( 2022 NUGA Scientific Journal, 2022 ) Otinwa, G. O. ; Ogunsemore, M. A. ; Ajibola, G. S. ; Jaiyesimi, B. ; Fasoranti, A. J. ; Bamitale, T. ; Owolabi, H. ; Owolewa, M. ; Ajiborisade, E. V. Show more The purpose of this study was to comparatively investigate the health status and wellbeing of children in urban and rural areas in Nigeria based on their activeness in physical activities and nutritional status. Healthy lifestyle and engagement in physical activities are regarded as essential aspect of children growth irrespective of their abode. Crosssectional research design was adopted for the study. Children aged 7 – 12 years old from urban and rural areas in Nigeria formed the population for this study. A sample size of 222 children participated in this study. The variables tested were height, weight, hand grip strength, and body mass index. Six hypotheses were formulated and tested using percentage counts and t-test to compare results. The findings of the study revealed that there is no significant difference in the BMI of male and female participant and there is a significant difference in the BMI of rural and urban participants. The study further found that there is a significant difference in the right handgrip strength of male and female participants and rural and urban participants. The study also revealed that there is a significant difference in the left handgrip strength of male and female participants. Lastly it was revealed that there is a significant difference in the left-hand grip strength of the urban and rural participants. It was recommended that parents should encourage their children to be physically active and monitor adequate diet for children in the urban areas and prevent them from taking junks food that can lead to obesity. Parents in rural area should also be educated on recommended diet to prevent children from being undernourished. Show more
• Item Open Access KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF SPORTS MANAGERS IN NIGERIA TOWARDS SPECIFIC INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY TOOLS USAGE ( NIGERIA SOCIETY FOR SPORTS MANAGEMENT, 2020 ) Bamitale, T. D. ; Jaiyesimi, B. G. ; Ajibola, G.S. Show more ICT in sports, especially in the 21st century cannot be overemphasised. if it were not for ICTs usage by sports managers in the sports industry, there would not have been instant replays, the headset for coaches, wireless microphones for referees, goal line technology etc. However, in Nigeria some of these specific ICT tools have not been constantlt used or used at all. Show more
• Item Open Access Impact of Management Strategies on Sports Facility Sustainability and Effectiveness of Operations in Higher Institutions ( CEPRES International University, Liberia, 2020 ) Ogunsemore, M. A. ; Ajibola, G. S. Show more Successful semi-professional athletes in higher institutions in Nigeria have risen to prominence as a result of their involvement in collegiate sports, but in recent times this situation is no longer visible due to the low impact of management strategies on sports facility complex sustainability and effectiveness of operations in these higher institutions. The research focused on management strategies and its impact on facility sustenance and effectiveness of operations in higher institutions in Lagos State. The variables studied were booking and scheduling, financial management strategies, housekeeping and maintenance strategies, concession and novelties. Four hypotheses were tested in the study. The population of the study comprised Directors of Sports, Deputy Directors of Sports, Coaches, Clerical officers, Security personnel, Student-athletes, and other Stakeholders. A sample of four hundred and eight five respondents (485) were selected for the study through the stratified random sampling technique. The descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. A self-developed research questionnaire designed and validated by experts in sports management was used to collect data from the respondents. Responses from the questionnaire were subjected to the descriptive statistics of bar chart while the four research hypotheses were tested using the inferential statistics of multiple regression at 0.05 alpha level. The findings from the study showed that booking and scheduling recorded F-Value (8.842; P<0.05), financial management strategy F-Value (5.88; P<0.05), housekeeping and maintenance strategies F-Value (7.91; P<0.05), concession and novelties F-Value (4.12; P<0.05) were all significant. The study concluded that booking and scheduling, financial management strategy, housekeeping, adequate maintenance, Concessioning and adequate food provision should be given priority in the sustenance of sports facilities and the effectiveness of its operations in higher institutions. The study recommended that sports administrators should adopt modern trends in sports complex management, so as to ensure that funds generated provide sufficient revenue that will be utilised for effective and efficient functioning of sports facilities in higher institutions of learning. Show more
• 1 (current)

Sign in to Your Personal Account

Don't have a personal account yet? Sign up now. --> Sign up now.

Change Password

Sign up via facebook.

[email protected]

Additional info required

Are you sure you want to reset the form?

Your mail has been sent successfully

Are you sure you want to remove the alert?

Your session is about to expire! You will be logged out in

Do you wish to stay logged in?

• About Human Kinetics Library Platform
• What's Included
• Human Kinetics Library Core Collection
• Human Kinetics Dance Technique
• Human Kinetics Health Care in Sport and Exercise
• Human Kinetics Physical and Health Education
• Human Kinetics Sports Skills
• Human Kinetics Strength and Conditioning
• Editorial Advisory Board
• Featured Content
• Featured Content Archive
• About Human Kinetics
• Accessing the Site
• Functionality

Human Kinetics Physical and Health Education is a powerful, instruction-focused collection of 52 ebooks and 127 videos, presented via Bloomsbury Digital Resources’ award-winning platform technology. Exclusive on an unlimited access basis, this digital product offers students, researchers and instructors unrivalled access to Human Kinetics’ physical education and health education content. Covering topics such as designing fitness education courses, the administration of physical education, and performance-based assessment, this collection supports students new to the field, as well as instructors building their courses.

Browse the Collection

Download Title List

For Librarians

Designed to support students in this highly applied and practical discipline, Human Kinetics Physical and Health Education covers a range of topics at launch:

Explore the collection by selecting the 'Browse Collection' button above, by scrolling through a selection of key titles below.

New for 2024:  The Human Kinetics Library Physical and Health Education collection has been updated with 3 new titles for 2024, covering topics such as diversity, equity, and inclusion, and learning design.

Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity: Ideas for Enjoyable Active Learning

Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity: Ideas for Enjoyable Active Learning helps to show that physically active children experience healthier growth and development.

Read this book

Critical Race Studies in Physical Education

Universal Design for Learning in Physical Education

This groundbreaking text provides a much-needed link between universal design and physical education, extending boundaries as it offers physical educators a systematic guide to create, administer, manage, assess, and apply universal design for learning (UDL).

Teaching Children and Adolescents Physical Education

Fourth edition of this classic resource, which demonstrates the techniques and skills master teachers rely on, expanded to address teaching across elementary, middle, and high school.

Urban Physical Education

Provides a broad background on issues facing PE teachers working in urban settings and outlines culturally responsive instructional strategies to help PE teachers become effective teachers and leaders of a diverse student body.

Lesson Planning for Elementary Physical Education

Provides the knowledge base and practical strategies for creating high-quality elementary physical education curricula.

Student-Designed Games

Introduces the process used in physical education where students create, organize, implement, practice, and refine their own games within certain limits presented by the teacher.

Teaching Physical Activity

Guides you in designing activities and games through which you can meet your objectives while engaging all the participants in your class or group.

Teaching Movement Education

This book offers a perfect balance of knowledge base, pedagogy, and curriculum content—delivered with practical learning tools and activities—so you can help your students develop movement skills that foster healthful habits.

Brockport Physical Fitness Test Manual

The all-new Brockport Physical Fitness Test is specifically designed to test the fitness of youths from ages 10 through 17 that have various disabilities. This manual and related materials provide teachers with everything they need to know to easily administer the test.

Developmental and Adapted Physical Activity Assessment

Details the assessment process, explains how to use assessment data when making programming decisions, and reviews specific assessment tools for adapted physical educators and physical therapists.

Survive and Thrive as a Physical Educator

Practical and reader friendly, Survive and Thrive as a Physical Educator is filled with the most current information plus examples based on the author's experiences as both a K-12 teacher and a college instructor who prepares future teachers.

Perceptual-Motor Activities For Children

Provides a proven blueprint for improving perceptual-motor skills—the skills that require young learners to use their brains and their bodies together to accomplish tasks.

Physical Activities for Young People with Severe Disabilities

Will help you provide high-quality physical education for students with cerebral palsy, spina bifida, and other orthopedic impairments that inhibit their ability to function physically.

• Browse Works
• Human Kinetics and Health Education

Human Kinetics and Health Education Research Papers/Topics

Influence of gender on sport participation and performance.

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 1.1       Background of the Study                                                                                           1.2       Statement of Problem                                                                                                ...

Influence of Economic Status on the Social Health of Undergraduate Students at Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria

Abstract This paper explores the influence of economic status on the social health of undergraduate students at Ahmadu Bello University in Zaria, Nigeria. Education is a fundamental aspect of individual growth and societal development. However, students' economic backgrounds can significantly impact their social well-being. To execute this research, four research questions and four research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. In this study, descriptive survey design was used with t...

Augmenting Physical Skills Practice With Psychological Skills Training For Performance Enhancement In Sports Among International School Students, Lagos

ABSTRACT The study examined the effect of augmenting physical skills practice (PSP) with psychological skills training (PST) for performance enhancement in sports among International School Students, Lagos. Forty (40) participants consisting of early adolescent boys and girls were randomly selected from a population of three hundred and fifty (350) students and were randomly put into two groups – one experimental and one control group. The Johnson and Leillich Basketball test in Mathews (1...

Effect Of Active And Passive Recovery Methods On Athletes Lactic Acid Removal Rates After Maximal Exercise

ABSTRACT This study examined the effect of active and passive (walking, sitting and bending) recovery methods on athletes lactic acid removal after maximal exercise. A total of 15 male athletes (sprinters) with an average age of 25 years volunteered to participate in this study. Participants signed an informed consent form and were certified medically fit to participate in the study. The quasi-experimental method was adopted. Before the experimental test, height, weight, resting heart rate an...

Analysis of the Use of Exercise Imagery Functions t by Exercisers in Nigeria

Abstract It is a general position that imagery plays a cognitive behavioral role in enhancing the performance of sport skills as noted in Short and Short (2005), the use of imagery is also more equally significant in exercise activities and can bring to fruition the performance of an individual exerciser because of its unique motivational function. Research studies has ken conducted, examining imagery use by different categories of participants related to sport and exercise in the developed w...

INFLUENCE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH EDUCATION PROGRAMMES AND SERVICES ON SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AMONG IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Reproductive Health Education Programmes and Services (RHPS) have been developed to help adolescents acquire knowledge and skills to express their sexuality in life enhancing ways. It is however, noted that the monitoring and evaluation of RHPS have not been done by Delta state personnel to ascertain its effectiveness in curbing at-risk sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in the State. Studies revealed that 80% of patients with abortion complicated issues are adolescents. Ther...

EFFECTS OF SCHOOL-BASED LIFE SKILLS TRAINING ON VIOLENCE AND HEALTH RISK BEHAVIOURS AMONG INSCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN DELTA STATE

ABSTRACT Secondary school adolescents in Delta State are increasingly engaging in violence and health-risk behaviours which negatively affect their cognitive performance, emotions, choices and overall quality of life. This trend warranted the integration of life-Skills into the secondary school curriculum with a view to changing the in-school adolescents‘ negative behaviours. Previous studies have shown non implementation of life-Skills training included in the school curriculum in Delta S...

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF STUDENTS’ SPORTS PARTICIPATION IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KWARA STATE, NIGERIA

ABSTRACT Participation in sports is of immense benefit to the soundness of an individual mental and social wellness, particularly youngsters. Recently there has been great involvement of youngsters in school games arising from the high administrative supports and social values attached to sports. Previous studies on documentation youngsters’ participation in sports had focused more on other factors (such as demographic and personal) rather than administrative and social. This study, theref...

Popular Papers/Topics

Privacy Policy | Refund Policy | Terms | Copyright | © 2024, Afribary Limited. All rights reserved.

800.747.4457

Mon-Fri 7am - 5pm CST

Get in touch with our team

Frequently asked questions

Physical Education and Health

Supporting mental health through movement.

Presented by Erica Hornthal, LCPC, BC-DMT, Chicago Dance Therapy   MAY 2022 In the presentation below, Human... Read More

Review of Promoting Elementary School Physical Activity

By Laurie P. Whitsel, Ph.D, FAHA, National Vice President-Policy Research and Translation of the American Heart Association  MAY... Read More

Human Kinetics Acquires PE Central Online School

By Human Kinetics, Champaign, IL APRIL 2023 The PE Central Online School is under new... Read More

School-Based Promotion of Children's Physical Activity

Presented by Dr. Russell Pate,  professor emerita in the department of health promotion, education, and... Read More

Live Well: Middle School Health Correlations to National and...

SEPTEMBER 2020   Live Well: Middle School Health helps students discover fundamentals of health and... Read More

Live Well: Reproductive and Sexual Health

Customize health and sex education instruction to meet local needs  OCTOBER 2023 Middle school and... Read More

Human Kinetics and Health Education (HKE) Research Project Topics

The under listed Research Project is available for N3000 Only

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

• Effect of Food Preparation on The Body Composition Variables Of Food Vendors
• Effect of Drug Abuse on the Academic Performance and Social Orientation of Secondary School Student in Lagos State
• Knowledge And Attitude Of Adolescents Towards The Prevention Of Obesity in Agege LGA Lagos State
• The Determinants of Alcohol Use among Commercial Bus Drivers in Lagos
• Assessment of School Health Service in Public and Private Secondary School in Alimosho Local Government Area of Lagos State
• Family Support as a Predictor of Drug Adherence Among Tuberculosis (TB) Patients in Lagos
• An Investigation into the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Fruits and Vegetables Consumption among Residents in Lagos State Communities
• Strategies for Developing Physical Education among Senior Secondary Schools
• Perceived Impact of Dance on Physical Fitness of Students of Ibite High School, Iwaya, Lagos State
• Evaluation of Inhibiting Factors on Performance of Nigerian Athletes in National and International Competitions
• Effect of Six Weeks Aerobics Exercise on the Upper Arm Muscles of Senior Secondary School Students Of Issa Williams Memorial High School, Iponri, Lagos
• Influence of Motivational Strategies in Enhancing Sports Performance among Athletes of University of Lagos
• Sociocultural Factors Influencing Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Nursing Mothers in Primary Health Care Centre in Surulere L.G.A Of Lagos State
• Influence of Protein Energy Malnutrition on Metal Development among In-School Adolescents
• Determinants Of Exercise And Behaviour Towards Physical Activities Among Students Of The University Of Lagos
• A Study of the Awareness and Preventive Measures of Lassa Fever Among Adults in Bekwarra Local Governmen Cross River State
• An Assessment on the Awareness of Lassa fever and its Health Implication among Residents of Bekwara Government Area
• Effect of Safety and Risk Management in Hospital Environment -A Study Of Tolu Medical Center Apapa Lagos
• Impact of Family Life and Sex Education on the Prevention of Teenage Pregnancy Among Secondary School Student in Lagos State
• Perceived Effect of Noise Pollution on the Inhabitants of Ikeja Local Government Area of Lagos State

Related Posts

Duties of an insurer, full research project – management of building collapse in lagos state, the significance of packaging in the marketing of consumer goods, leave a reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

  International Journal of Basic, Applied and Innovative Research Journal / International Journal of Basic, Applied and Innovative Research / Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017) / Articles (function() { function async_load(){ var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; var theUrl = 'https://www.journalquality.info/journalquality/ratings/2404-www-ajol-info-ijbair'; s.src = theUrl + ( theUrl.indexOf("?") >= 0 ? "&" : "?") + 'ref=' + encodeURIComponent(window.location.href); var embedder = document.getElementById('jpps-embedder-ajol-ijbair'); embedder.parentNode.insertBefore(s, embedder); } if (window.attachEvent) window.attachEvent('onload', async_load); else window.addEventListener('load', async_load, false); })();  

Article sidebar.

Article Details

International Journal of Basic, Applied and Innovative Research  (IJBAIR) is an Open Access Journal under Creative Commons Licensing regulations. Thus, all articles published in IJBAIR are categorised as CC-BY licensed. Inquiries above should be sent to the publisher at the address given as follows:  Anthonio Research Publications, Anthonio Research Center, Anthonio Services Nigeria, P. O. Box. 960, Ekpoma, Edo State, Nigeria.  OR   E-mail:  [email protected]  

Main Article Content

Human kinetics and health education methods and materials used in secondary schools of katsina state, y.m. matazu.

This study evaluated the methods and materials used in teaching Human Kinetics and Health Education in some randomly selected secondary schools in Katsina State, Nigeria. A self-designed, pretested and validated questionnaire was used. The respondents consisted of 34 Human Kinetics and Health Education teachers and 4 coaches/instructors (n=38). The findings revealed that lectures, explanations, discussions, and questions and answers, were the common methods used by teachers, while the common materials used, included chalkboard, books, magazines, pictures, charts and posters. Challenges were identified and these included the low level of education on the part teachers; the non-availability of the materials on demand; lack of funds; lack of adequate personnel -coaches and sport instructors; lack of in-service training for the teachers and obvious lack encouragement to improvise materials for the teaching of Human Kinetics and Health Education in their schools. For better productivity therefore, it is recommended that a well-designed curriculum be implemented that would maximize physical activity during lessons and keep the students moderately-to-vigorously engaged, while also providing the enabling conditions for the training and retraining of the teachers.

Key words: Human Kinetics, Health Education, teaching, methods, materials

AJOL is a Non Profit Organisation that cannot function without donations. AJOL and the millions of African and international researchers who rely on our free services are deeply grateful for your contribution. AJOL is annually audited and was also independently assessed in 2019 by E&Y.

Your donation is guaranteed to directly contribute to Africans sharing their research output with a global readership.

• For annual AJOL Supporter contributions, please view our Supporters page.

Journal Identifiers

• Sign in to save searches and organize your favorite content.
• Not registered? Sign up

Recently viewed (0)

• Save Search
• Next Article

Editor’s Notes

Click name to view affiliation

• Get Citation Alerts
• Download PDF

One of the enjoyable parts of being an editor is the opportunity to celebrate success, so it gives me great pleasure in being able to announce the inaugural winner of the Pediatric Exercise Science ( PES ) Best Paper of the Year 2023. I initiated this new award when I took over as the editor in July 2023 to promote the quality of the pediatric exercise science research published in PES , as well as to increase the visibility of the journal, and to attract more submissions to our journal. Therefore, congratulations to Juta Kraav, Reeli Tamme, Liina Remmel, Evelin Mäestu, Maksim Zagura, Jaak Jürimäe, and Vallo Tillmann whose paper “Arterial structure in 18-year-old males is dependent on physical activity at 12 years and cumulative cardiorespiratory fitness from puberty to late adolescence” published in volume 35(3), 144–154. As part of the award, the author will receive funding for one of their author team to present the paper at this year’s North American Society of Pediatric Exercise Medicine conference in Louisville, Kentucky, August 5–9, and a commemorative certificate.

To be awarded this prize, my 4 associate editors and I read all the papers published in 2023 and finally selected 4 papers, which were then nominated for consideration to the editorial board. Each editorial board member then rank ordered their preference based on the quality of methods and discussion, clarity of writing, clear presentation, and significance and impact to the field. Honorable mentions also go to the second placed paper “Associations among physical activity, adiposity, and insulin resistance in children exposed in utero to maternal obesity with and without gestational diabetes” by Bethany A. Moore et al and the joint third placed papers “A pilot study of exercise training for children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease: an evaluation of feasibility, safety, satisfaction, and efficacy” by Mila Bjelica et al and “Questionnaires measuring physical activity in clinical pediatric populations: a systematic review” by Si Min Lew et al. So, congratulations to all 4 nominated author teams, it was encouraging to read about the range of topics, research design, and geographical spread of the submissions from Estonia, the United States, Australia, and Canada. I look forward to reading all papers eligible for the 2024 competition.

Besides the Best Paper award, readers of PES will begin to see a few other changes including a revamped aims and objectives of the journal, especially as we are keen to capture developing topic areas in clinical exercise medicine, the youth sports athlete, and health, and well-being. Concurrently, we are working on redeveloping the content of paper submissions and are keen to promote as wide a format to disseminate the best pediatric exercise science, for example, case studies, commentaries, and brief reports, so watch this space. Finally, I am pleased to announce that for each volume published, starting in May 2024, the PES editorial board will be nominating 1 journal publication as “Free Access,” and this access means that the article will be available to everyone in front of the paywall. As editor, I have the privilege to nominate the first free access paper and thereafter an individual member of the board will choose it. My choice is the paper examining “Factors that influence physical activity behavior in children and adolescents during and after cancer treatment: a qualitative systematic review of the literature” by Laura Kappelmann et al. Please do check it out.

* Williams ( [email protected] ) is Editor of Pediatric Exercise Science , https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1740-6248

Pediatric Exercise Science

Related Articles

Article metrics.

• PubMed Citation
• Craig A. Williams
• Similar articles in PubMed

Google Scholar

© 2024 Human Kinetics

Powered by:

• [66.249.64.20|81.177.182.174]
• 81.177.182.174

Character limit 500 /500