research topics for radiology students

Head Start Your Radiology Residency [Online] ↗️

• Radiology Thesis – More than 400 Research Topics (2022)!

Please login to bookmark

Introduction

A thesis or dissertation, as some people would like to call it, is an integral part of the Radiology curriculum, be it MD, DNB, or DMRD. We have tried to aggregate radiology thesis topics from various sources for reference.

Not everyone is interested in research, and writing a Radiology thesis can be daunting. But there is no escape from preparing, so it is better that you accept this bitter truth and start working on it instead of cribbing about it (like other things in life. #PhilosophyGyan!)

Start working on your thesis as early as possible and finish your thesis well before your exams, so you do not have that stress at the back of your mind. Also, your thesis may need multiple revisions, so be prepared and allocate time accordingly.

Tips for Choosing Radiology Thesis and Research Topics

Keep it simple silly (kiss).

Retrospective > Prospective

Retrospective studies are better than prospective ones, as you already have the data you need when choosing to do a retrospective study. Prospective studies are better quality, but as a resident, you may not have time (, energy and enthusiasm) to complete these.

Choose a simple topic that answers a single/few questions

Original research is challenging, especially if you do not have prior experience. I would suggest you choose a topic that answers a single or few questions. Most topics that I have listed are along those lines. Alternatively, you can choose a broad topic such as “Role of MRI in evaluation of perianal fistulas.”

You can choose a novel topic if you are genuinely interested in research AND have a good mentor who will guide you. Once you have done that, make sure that you publish your study once you are done with it.

Get it done ASAP.

In most cases, it makes sense to stick to a thesis topic that will not take much time. That does not mean you should ignore your thesis and ‘Ctrl C + Ctrl V’ from a friend from another university. Thesis writing is your first step toward research methodology so do it as sincerely as possible. Do not procrastinate in preparing the thesis. As soon as you have been allotted a guide, start researching topics and writing a review of the literature.

At the same time, do not invest a lot of time in writing/collecting data for your thesis. You should not be busy finishing your thesis a few months before the exam. Some people could not appear for the exam because they could not submit their thesis in time. So DO NOT TAKE thesis lightly.

Do NOT Copy-Paste

Reiterating once again, do not simply choose someone else’s thesis topic. Find out what are kind of cases that your Hospital caters to. It is better to do a good thesis on a common topic than a crappy one on a rare one.

Books to help you write a Radiology Thesis

Event country/university has a different format for thesis; hence these book recommendations may not work for everyone.

• Amazon Kindle Edition
• Gupta, Piyush (Author)
• English (Publication Language)
• 206 Pages - 10/12/2020 (Publication Date) - Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. (Publisher)

In A Hurry? Download a PDF list of Radiology Research Topics!

Sign up below to get this PDF directly to your email address.

100% Privacy Guaranteed. Your information will not be shared. Unsubscribe anytime with a single click.

List of Radiology Research /Thesis / Dissertation Topics

• State of the art of MRI in the diagnosis of hepatic focal lesions
• Multimodality imaging evaluation of sacroiliitis in newly diagnosed patients of spondyloarthropathy
• Multidetector computed tomography in oesophageal varices
• Role of positron emission tomography with computed tomography in the diagnosis of cancer Thyroid
• Evaluation of focal breast lesions using ultrasound elastography
• Role of MRI diffusion tensor imaging in the assessment of traumatic spinal cord injuries
• Sonographic imaging in male infertility
• Comparison of color Doppler and digital subtraction angiography in occlusive arterial disease in patients with lower limb ischemia
• The role of CT urography in Haematuria
• Role of functional magnetic resonance imaging in making brain tumor surgery safer
• Prediction of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction by uterine artery Doppler
• Role of grayscale and color Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of neonatal cholestasis
• Validity of MRI in the diagnosis of congenital anorectal anomalies
• Role of sonography in assessment of clubfoot
• Role of diffusion MRI in preoperative evaluation of brain neoplasms
• Imaging of upper airways for pre-anaesthetic evaluation purposes and for laryngeal afflictions.
• A study of multivessel (arterial and venous) Doppler velocimetry in intrauterine growth restriction
• Multiparametric 3tesla MRI of suspected prostatic malignancy.
• Role of Sonography in Characterization of Thyroid Nodules for differentiating benign from
• Role of advances magnetic resonance imaging sequences in multiple sclerosis
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of jaw lesions
• Role of Ultrasound and MR Imaging in the Evaluation of Musculotendinous Pathologies of Shoulder Joint
• Role of perfusion computed tomography in the evaluation of cerebral blood flow, blood volume and vascular permeability of cerebral neoplasms
• MRI flow quantification in the assessment of the commonest csf flow abnormalities
• Role of diffusion-weighted MRI in evaluation of prostate lesions and its histopathological correlation
• CT enterography in evaluation of small bowel disorders
• Comparison of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (PMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in and positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in post radiotherapy treated gliomas to detect recurrence
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of paediatric retroperitoneal masses
• Role of Multidetector computed tomography in neck lesions
• Estimation of standard liver volume in Indian population
• Role of MRI in evaluation of spinal trauma
• Role of modified sonohysterography in female factor infertility: a pilot study.
• The role of pet-CT in the evaluation of hepatic tumors
• Role of 3D magnetic resonance imaging tractography in assessment of white matter tracts compromise in supratentorial tumors
• Role of dual phase multidetector computed tomography in gallbladder lesions
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in assessing anatomical variants of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis.
• magnetic resonance spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis
• Evaluation of thyroid nodules by ultrasound elastography using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging
• Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Intractable Epilepsy
• Evaluation of suspected and known coronary artery disease by 128 slice multidetector CT.
• Role of regional diffusion tensor imaging in the evaluation of intracranial gliomas and its histopathological correlation
• Role of chest sonography in diagnosing pneumothorax
• Role of CT virtual cystoscopy in diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasia
• Role of MRI in assessment of valvular heart diseases
• High resolution computed tomography of temporal bone in unsafe chronic suppurative otitis media
• Multidetector CT urography in the evaluation of hematuria
• Contrast-induced nephropathy in diagnostic imaging investigations with intravenous iodinated contrast media
• Comparison of dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography in patients with little’s disease
• Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Bowel Lesions.
• Role of diagnostic imaging modalities in evaluation of post liver transplantation recipient complications.
• Role of multislice CT scan and barium swallow in the estimation of oesophageal tumour length
• Malignant Lesions-A Prospective Study.
• Value of ultrasonography in assessment of acute abdominal diseases in pediatric age group
• Role of three dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography in female factor infertility
• Comparative evaluation of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) virtual tracheo-bronchoscopy and fiberoptic tracheo-bronchoscopy in airway diseases
• Role of Multidetector CT in the evaluation of small bowel obstruction
• Sonographic evaluation in adhesive capsulitis of shoulder
• Utility of MR Urography Versus Conventional Techniques in Obstructive Uropathy
• MRI of the postoperative knee
• Role of 64 slice-multi detector computed tomography in diagnosis of bowel and mesenteric injury in blunt abdominal trauma.
• Sonoelastography and triphasic computed tomography in the evaluation of focal liver lesions
• Evaluation of Role of Transperineal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Urinary Stress incontinence in Women
• Multidetector computed tomographic features of abdominal hernias
• Evaluation of lesions of major salivary glands using ultrasound elastography
• Transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in female urinary incontinence
• MDCT colonography and double-contrast barium enema in evaluation of colonic lesions
• Role of MRI in diagnosis and staging of urinary bladder carcinoma
• Spectrum of imaging findings in children with febrile neutropenia.
• Spectrum of radiographic appearances in children with chest tuberculosis.
• Role of computerized tomography in evaluation of mediastinal masses in pediatric
• Diagnosing renal artery stenosis: Comparison of multimodality imaging in diabetic patients
• Role of multidetector CT virtual hysteroscopy in the detection of the uterine & tubal causes of female infertility
• Role of multislice computed tomography in evaluation of crohn’s disease
• CT quantification of parenchymal and airway parameters on 64 slice MDCT in patients of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Comparative evaluation of MDCT  and 3t MRI in radiographically detected jaw lesions.
• Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, colour Doppler sonography and low dose computed tomography in acute appendicitis
• Ultrasonography , magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) in assessment of pediatric biliary lesions
• Multidetector computed tomography in hepatobiliary lesions.
• Evaluation of peripheral nerve lesions with high resolution ultrasonography and colour Doppler
• Multidetector computed tomography in pancreatic lesions
• Multidetector Computed Tomography in Paediatric abdominal masses.
• Evaluation of focal liver lesions by colour Doppler and MDCT perfusion imaging
• Sonographic evaluation of clubfoot correction during Ponseti treatment
• Role of multidetector CT in characterization of renal masses
• Study to assess the role of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of arteriovenous (av) hemodialysis fistula and the complications of hemodialysis vasular access
• Comparative study of multiphasic contrast-enhanced CT and contrast-enhanced MRI in the evaluation of hepatic mass lesions
• Sonographic spectrum of rheumatoid arthritis
• Diagnosis & staging of liver fibrosis by ultrasound elastography in patients with chronic liver diseases
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in assessment of jaw lesions.
• Role of high-resolution ultrasonography in the differentiation of benign and malignant thyroid lesions
• Radiological evaluation of aortic aneurysms in patients selected for endovascular repair
• Role of conventional MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging tractography in evaluation of congenital brain malformations
• To evaluate the status of coronary arteries in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation using 256 multirow detector CT scan
• A comparative study of ultrasonography and CT – arthrography in diagnosis of chronic ligamentous and meniscal injuries of knee
• Multi detector computed tomography evaluation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and correlation with severity of disease
• Diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in chemoradiotherapeutic response evaluation in cervical cancer.
• High resolution sonography in the evaluation of non-traumatic painful wrist
• The role of trans-vaginal ultrasound versus magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis & evaluation of cancer cervix
• Role of multidetector row computed tomography in assessment of maxillofacial trauma
• Imaging of vascular complication after liver transplantation.
• Role of magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging & spectroscopy for grading of glioma by correlating perfusion parameter of the lesion with the final histopathological grade
• Magnetic resonance evaluation of abdominal tuberculosis.
• Diagnostic usefulness of low dose spiral HRCT in diffuse lung diseases
• Role of dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of endometrial lesions
• Contrast enhanced digital mammography anddigital breast tomosynthesis in early diagnosis of breast lesion
• Evaluation of Portal Hypertension with Colour Doppler flow imaging and magnetic resonance imaging
• Evaluation of musculoskeletal lesions by magnetic resonance imaging
• Role of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of neoplastic and inflammatory brain lesions
• Radiological spectrum of chest diseases in HIV infected children High resolution ultrasonography in neck masses in children
• with surgical findings
• Sonographic evaluation of peripheral nerves in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
• Role of perfusion computed tomography in the evaluation of neck masses and correlation
• Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of knee joint lesions
• Role of ultrasonography in evaluation of various causes of pelvic pain in first trimester of pregnancy.
• Role of Magnetic Resonance Angiography in the Evaluation of Diseases of Aorta and its Branches
• MDCT fistulography in evaluation of fistula in Ano
• Role of multislice CT in diagnosis of small intestine tumors
• Role of high resolution CT in differentiation between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules in children
• A study of multidetector computed tomography urography in urinary tract abnormalities
• Role of high resolution sonography in assessment of ulnar nerve in patients with leprosy.
• Pre-operative radiological evaluation of locally aggressive and malignant musculoskeletal tumours by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
• The role of ultrasound & MRI in acute pelvic inflammatory disease
• Ultrasonography compared to computed tomographic arthrography in the evaluation of shoulder pain
• Role of Multidetector Computed Tomography in patients with blunt abdominal trauma.
• The Role of Extended field-of-view Sonography and compound imaging in Evaluation of Breast Lesions
• Evaluation of focal pancreatic lesions by Multidetector CT and perfusion CT
• Evaluation of breast masses on sono-mammography and colour Doppler imaging
• Role of CT virtual laryngoscopy in evaluation of laryngeal masses
• Triple phase multi detector computed tomography in hepatic masses
• Role of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosis and treatment of female infertility
• Role of ultrasound and color Doppler imaging in assessment of acute abdomen due to female genetal causes
• High resolution ultrasonography and color Doppler ultrasonography in scrotal lesion
• Evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography with colour Doppler vs low dose computed tomography in salivary gland disease
• Role of multidetector CT in diagnosis of salivary gland lesions
• Comparison of diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in obstructive jaundice: A prospective study
• Evaluation of varicose veins-comparative assessment of low dose CT venogram with sonography: pilot study
• Role of mammotome in breast lesions
• The role of interventional imaging procedures in the treatment of selected gynecological disorders
• Role of transcranial ultrasound in diagnosis of neonatal brain insults
• Role of multidetector CT virtual laryngoscopy in evaluation of laryngeal mass lesions
• Evaluation of adnexal masses on sonomorphology and color Doppler imaginig
• Role of radiological imaging in diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma
• Comprehensive imaging of renal masses by magnetic resonance imaging
• The role of 3D & 4D ultrasonography in abnormalities of fetal abdomen
• Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis and characterization of brain tumors in correlation with conventional MRI
• Role of diffusion weighted MRI imaging in evaluation of cancer prostate
• Role of multidetector CT in diagnosis of urinary bladder cancer
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in the evaluation of paediatric retroperitoneal masses.
• Comparative evaluation of gastric lesions by double contrast barium upper G.I. and multi detector computed tomography
• Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic liver disease using ultrasound elastography
• Role of MRI in assessment of hydrocephalus in pediatric patients
• The role of sonoelastography in characterization of breast lesions
• The influence of volumetric tumor doubling time on survival of patients with intracranial tumours
• Role of perfusion computed tomography in characterization of colonic lesions
• Role of proton MRI spectroscopy in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy
• Role of Doppler ultrasound and multidetector CT angiography in evaluation of peripheral arterial diseases.
• Role of multidetector computed tomography in paranasal sinus pathologies
• Role of virtual endoscopy using MDCT in detection & evaluation of gastric pathologies
• High resolution 3 Tesla MRI in the evaluation of ankle and hindfoot pain.
• Transperineal ultrasonography in infants with anorectal malformation
• CT portography using MDCT versus color Doppler in detection of varices in cirrhotic patients
• Role of CT urography in the evaluation of a dilated ureter
• Characterization of pulmonary nodules by dynamic contrast-enhanced multidetector CT
• Comprehensive imaging of acute ischemic stroke on multidetector CT
• The role of fetal MRI in the diagnosis of intrauterine neurological congenital anomalies
• Role of Multidetector computed tomography in pediatric chest masses
• Multimodality imaging in the evaluation of palpable & non-palpable breast lesion.
• Sonographic Assessment Of Fetal Nasal Bone Length At 11-28 Gestational Weeks And Its Correlation With Fetal Outcome.
• Role Of Sonoelastography And Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography In Evaluation Of Lymph Node Metastasis In Head And Neck Cancers
• Role Of Renal Doppler And Shear Wave Elastography In Diabetic Nephropathy
• Evaluation Of Relationship Between Various Grades Of Fatty Liver And Shear Wave Elastography Values
• Evaluation and characterization of pelvic masses of gynecological origin by USG, color Doppler and MRI in females of reproductive age group
• Radiological evaluation of small bowel diseases using computed tomographic enterography
• Role of coronary CT angiography in patients of coronary artery disease
• Role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation of pediatric neck masses
• Role of CT in the evaluation of craniocerebral trauma
• Role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of spinal dysraphism
• Comparative evaluation of triple phase CT and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in patients with liver cirrhosis
• Evaluation of the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease in patients evaluated by coronary angiography for suspected CAD
• Assessment of hepatic fat content in fatty liver disease by unenhanced computed tomography
• Correlation of vertebral marrow fat on spectroscopy and diffusion-weighted MRI imaging with bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
• Comparative evaluation of CT coronary angiography with conventional catheter coronary angiography
• Ultrasound evaluation of kidney length & descending colon diameter in normal and intrauterine growth-restricted fetuses
• A prospective study of hepatic vein waveform and splenoportal index in liver cirrhosis: correlation with child Pugh’s classification and presence of esophageal varices.
• CT angiography to evaluate coronary artery by-pass graft patency in symptomatic patient’s functional assessment of myocardium by cardiac MRI in patients with myocardial infarction
• MRI evaluation of HIV positive patients with central nervous system manifestations
• MDCT evaluation of mediastinal and hilar masses
• Evaluation of rotator cuff & labro-ligamentous complex lesions by MRI & MRI arthrography of shoulder joint
• Role of imaging in the evaluation of soft tissue vascular malformation
• Role of MRI and ultrasonography in the evaluation of multifidus muscle pathology in chronic low back pain patients
• Role of ultrasound elastography in the differential diagnosis of breast lesions
• Role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in evaluating dilated common bile duct in patients with symptomatic gallstone disease.
• Comparative study of CT urography & hybrid CT urography in patients with haematuria.
• Role of MRI in the evaluation of anorectal malformations
• Comparison of ultrasound-Doppler and magnetic resonance imaging findings in rheumatoid arthritis of hand and wrist
• Role of Doppler sonography in the evaluation of renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angiography for coronary artery disease.
• Comparison of radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis.
• Mr evaluation of painful hip
• Role of MRI imaging in pretherapeutic assessment of oral and oropharyngeal malignancy
• Evaluation of diffuse lung diseases by high resolution computed tomography of the chest
• Mr evaluation of brain parenchyma in patients with craniosynostosis.
• Diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in dilated cardiomyopathy
• Role of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in the detection of early carcinoma prostate
• Role of magnetic resonance imaging in white matter diseases
• Role of sonoelastography in assessing the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer.
• Role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of carotid and femoral intima-media thickness in predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease
• Role of H1 MRI spectroscopy in focal bone lesions of peripheral skeleton choline detection by MRI spectroscopy in breast cancer and its correlation with biomarkers and histological grade.
• Ultrasound and MRI evaluation of axillary lymph node status in breast cancer.
• Role of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluating chronic lateral epicondylitis.
• Comparative of sonography including Doppler and sonoelastography in cervical lymphadenopathy.
• Evaluation of Umbilical Coiling Index as Predictor of Pregnancy Outcome.
• Computerized Tomographic Evaluation of Azygoesophageal Recess in Adults.
• Lumbar Facet Arthropathy in Low Backache.
• “Urethral Injuries After Pelvic Trauma: Evaluation with Uretrography
• Role Of Ct In Diagnosis Of Inflammatory Renal Diseases
• Role Of Ct Virtual Laryngoscopy In Evaluation Of Laryngeal Masses
• “Ct Portography Using Mdct Versus Color Doppler In Detection Of Varices In
• Cirrhotic Patients”
• Role Of Multidetector Ct In Characterization Of Renal Masses
• Role Of Ct Virtual Cystoscopy In Diagnosis Of Urinary Bladder Neoplasia
• Role Of Multislice Ct In Diagnosis Of Small Intestine Tumors
• “Mri Flow Quantification In The Assessment Of The Commonest CSF Flow Abnormalities”
• “The Role Of Fetal Mri In Diagnosis Of Intrauterine Neurological CongenitalAnomalies”
• Role Of Transcranial Ultrasound In Diagnosis Of Neonatal Brain Insults
• “The Role Of Interventional Imaging Procedures In The Treatment Of Selected Gynecological Disorders”
• Role Of Radiological Imaging In Diagnosis Of Endometrial Carcinoma
• “Role Of High-Resolution Ct In Differentiation Between Benign And Malignant Pulmonary Nodules In Children”
• Role Of Ultrasonography In The Diagnosis Of Knee Joint Lesions
• “Role Of Diagnostic Imaging Modalities In Evaluation Of Post Liver Transplantation Recipient Complications”
• “Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis And
• Characterization Of Brain Tumors In Correlation With Conventional Mri”
• The Role Of PET-CT In The Evaluation Of Hepatic Tumors
• “Role Of Computerized Tomography In Evaluation Of Mediastinal Masses In Pediatric patients”
• “Trans Vaginal Ultrasound And Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Female Urinary Incontinence”
• Role Of Multidetector Ct In Diagnosis Of Urinary Bladder Cancer
• “Role Of Transvaginal Ultrasound In Diagnosis And Treatment Of Female Infertility”
• Role Of Diffusion-Weighted Mri Imaging In Evaluation Of Cancer Prostate
• “Role Of Positron Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography In Diagnosis Of Cancer Thyroid”
• The Role Of CT Urography In Case Of Haematuria
• “Value Of Ultrasonography In Assessment Of Acute Abdominal Diseases In Pediatric Age Group”
• “Role Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Making Brain Tumor Surgery Safer”
• The Role Of Sonoelastography In Characterization Of Breast Lesions
• “Ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) In Assessment Of Pediatric Biliary Lesions”
• “Role Of Ultrasound And Color Doppler Imaging In Assessment Of Acute Abdomen Due To Female Genital Causes”
• “Role Of Multidetector Ct Virtual Laryngoscopy In Evaluation Of Laryngeal Mass Lesions”
• MRI Of The Postoperative Knee
• Role Of Mri In Assessment Of Valvular Heart Diseases
• The Role Of 3D & 4D Ultrasonography In Abnormalities Of Fetal Abdomen
• State Of The Art Of Mri In Diagnosis Of Hepatic Focal Lesions
• Role Of Multidetector Ct In Diagnosis Of Salivary Gland Lesions
• “Role Of Virtual Endoscopy Using Mdct In Detection & Evaluation Of Gastric Pathologies”
• The Role Of Ultrasound & Mri In Acute Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
• “Diagnosis & Staging Of Liver Fibrosis By Ultraso Und Elastography In
• Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases”
• Role Of Mri In Evaluation Of Spinal Trauma
• Validity Of Mri In Diagnosis Of Congenital Anorectal Anomalies
• Imaging Of Vascular Complication After Liver Transplantation
• “Contrast-Enhanced Digital Mammography And Digital Breast Tomosynthesis In Early Diagnosis Of Breast Lesion”
• Role Of Mammotome In Breast Lesions
• “Role Of MRI Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) In Assessment Of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injuries”
• “Prediction Of Pre-eclampsia And Fetal Growth Restriction By Uterine Artery Doppler”
• “Role Of Multidetector Row Computed Tomography In Assessment Of Maxillofacial Trauma”
• “Role Of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Assessment Of Neoplastic And Inflammatory Brain Lesions”
• Role Of Diffusion Mri In Preoperative Evaluation Of Brain Neoplasms
• “Role Of Multidetector Ct Virtual Hysteroscopy In The Detection Of The
• Uterine & Tubal Causes Of Female Infertility”
• Role Of Advances Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences In Multiple Sclerosis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy In Multiple Sclerosis
• “Role Of Conventional Mri, And Diffusion Tensor Imaging Tractography In Evaluation Of Congenital Brain Malformations”
• Role Of MRI In Evaluation Of Spinal Trauma
• Diagnostic Role Of Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging In Neck Masses
• “The Role Of Transvaginal Ultrasound Versus Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Diagnosis & Evaluation Of Cancer Cervix”
• “Role Of 3d Magnetic Resonance Imaging Tractography In Assessment Of White Matter Tracts Compromise In Supra Tentorial Tumors”
• Role Of Proton MR Spectroscopy In The Evaluation Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
• Role Of Multislice Computed Tomography In Evaluation Of Crohn’s Disease
• Role Of MRI In Assessment Of Hydrocephalus In Pediatric Patients
• The Role Of MRI In Diagnosis And Staging Of Urinary Bladder Carcinoma
• USG and MRI correlation of congenital CNS anomalies
• HRCT in interstitial lung disease
• X-Ray, CT and MRI correlation of bone tumors
• “Study on the diagnostic and prognostic utility of X-Rays for cases of pulmonary tuberculosis under RNTCP”
• “Role of magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization of female adnexal  pathology”
• “CT angiography of carotid atherosclerosis and NECT brain in cerebral ischemia, a correlative analysis”
• Role of CT scan in the evaluation of paranasal sinus pathology
• USG and MRI correlation on shoulder joint pathology
• “Radiological evaluation of a patient presenting with extrapulmonary tuberculosis”
• CT and MRI correlation in focal liver lesions”
• Comparison of MDCT virtual cystoscopy with conventional cystoscopy in bladder tumors”
• “Bleeding vessels in life-threatening hemoptysis: Comparison of 64 detector row CT angiography with conventional angiography prior to endovascular management”
• “Role of transarterial chemoembolization in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma”
• “Comparison of color flow duplex study with digital subtraction angiography in the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease”
• “A Study to assess the efficacy of magnetization transfer ratio in differentiating tuberculoma from neurocysticercosis”
• “MR evaluation of uterine mass lesions in correlation with transabdominal, transvaginal ultrasound using HPE as a gold standard”
• “The Role of power Doppler imaging with trans rectal ultrasonogram guided prostate biopsy in the detection of prostate cancer”
• “Lower limb arteries assessed with doppler angiography – A prospective comparative study with multidetector CT angiography”
• “Comparison of sildenafil with papaverine in penile doppler by assessing hemodynamic changes”
• “Evaluation of efficacy of sonosalphingogram for assessing tubal patency in infertile patients with hysterosalpingogram as the gold standard”
• Role of CT enteroclysis in the evaluation of small bowel diseases
• “MRI colonography versus conventional colonoscopy in the detection of colonic polyposis”
• “Magnetic Resonance Imaging of anteroposterior diameter of the midbrain – differentiation of progressive supranuclear palsy from Parkinson disease”
• “MRI Evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament tears with arthroscopic correlation”
• “The Clinicoradiological profile of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis with prognostic evaluation using MR sequences”
• “Role of MRI in the evaluation of pelvic floor integrity in stress incontinent patients” “Doppler ultrasound evaluation of hepatic venous waveform in portal hypertension before and after propranolol”
• “Role of transrectal sonography with colour doppler and MRI in evaluation of prostatic lesions with TRUS guided biopsy correlation”
• “Ultrasonographic evaluation of painful shoulders and correlation of rotator cuff pathologies and clinical examination”
• “Colour Doppler Evaluation of Common Adult Hepatic tumors More Than 2 Cm  with HPE and CECT Correlation”
• “Clinical Relevance of MR Urethrography in Obliterative Posterior Urethral Stricture”
• “Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcome in Growth Restricted Fetuses with Antenatal Doppler Study”
• Radiological evaluation of spinal dysraphism using CT and MRI
• “Evaluation of temporal bone in cholesteatoma patients by high resolution computed tomography”
• “Radiological evaluation of primary brain tumours using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging”
• “Three dimensional colour doppler sonographic assessment of changes in  volume and vascularity of fibroids – before and after uterine artery embolization”
• “In phase opposed phase imaging of bone marrow differentiating neoplastic lesions”
• “Role of dynamic MRI in replacing the isotope renogram in the functional evaluation of PUJ obstruction”
• Characterization of adrenal masses with contrast-enhanced CT – washout study
• A study on accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography
• “Evaluation of median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome by high-frequency ultrasound & color doppler in comparison with nerve conduction studies”
• “Correlation of Agatston score in patients with obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease following STEMI”
• “Doppler ultrasound assessment of tumor vascularity in locally advanced breast cancer at diagnosis and following primary systemic chemotherapy.”
• “Validation of two-dimensional perineal ultrasound and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in pelvic floor dysfunction.”
• “Role of MR urethrography compared to conventional urethrography in the surgical management of obliterative urethral stricture.”

Search Diagnostic Imaging Research Topics

You can also search research-related resources on our custom search engine .

Free Resources for Preparing Radiology Thesis

• Radiology thesis topics- Benha University – Free to download thesis
• Radiology thesis topics – Faculty of Medical Science Delhi
• Radiology thesis topics – IPGMER
• Fetal Radiology thesis Protocols
• Radiology thesis and dissertation topics
• Radiographics

Proofreading Your Thesis:

Make sure you use Grammarly to correct your spelling ,  grammar , and plagiarism for your thesis. Grammarly has affordable paid subscriptions, windows/macOS apps, and FREE browser extensions. It is an excellent tool to avoid inadvertent spelling mistakes in your research projects. It has an extensive built-in vocabulary, but you should make an account and add your own medical glossary to it.

Guidelines for Writing a Radiology Thesis:

These are general guidelines and not about radiology specifically. You can share these with colleagues from other departments as well. Special thanks to Dr. Sanjay Yadav sir for these. This section is best seen on a desktop. Here are a couple of handy presentations to start writing a thesis:

Read the general guidelines for writing a thesis (the page will take some time to load- more than 70 pages!

A format for thesis protocol with a sample patient information sheet, sample patient consent form, sample application letter for thesis, and sample certificate.

Resources and References:

• Guidelines for thesis writing.
• Format for thesis protocol
• Thesis protocol writing guidelines DNB
• Informed consent form for Research studies from AIIMS 
• Radiology Informed consent forms in local Indian languages.
• Sample Informed Consent form for Research in Hindi
• Guide to write a thesis by Dr. P R Sharma
• Guidelines for thesis writing by Dr. Pulin Gupta.
• Preparing MD/DNB thesis by A Indrayan
• Another good thesis reference protocol

Hopefully, this post will make the tedious task of writing a Radiology thesis a little bit easier for you. Best of luck with writing your thesis and your residency too!

More guides for residents :

• Guide for the MD/DMRD/DNB radiology exam!
• Guide for First-Year Radiology Residents
• FRCR Exam: THE Most Comprehensive Guide (2022)!
• Radiology Practical Exams Questions compilation for MD/DNB/DMRD !
• Radiology Exam Resources (Oral Recalls, Instruments, etc )!
• Tips and Tricks for DNB/MD Radiology Practical Exam
• FRCR 2B exam- Tips and Tricks !

FRCR exam preparation – An alternative take!

• Why did I take up Radiology?
• Radiology Conferences – A comprehensive guide!
• ECR (European Congress Of Radiology)
• European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR) – The Complete Guide!
• Radiology NEET PG guide – How to select THE best college for post-graduation in Radiology (includes personal insights)!
• Interventional Radiology – All Your Questions Answered!
• What It Means To Be A Radiologist: A Guide For Medical Students!
• Radiology Mentors for Medical Students (Post NEET-PG)
• MD vs DNB Radiology: Which Path is Right for Your Career?

DNB Radiology OSCE – Tips and Tricks

More radiology resources here: Radiology resources This page will be updated regularly. Kindly leave your feedback in the comments or send us a message here . Also, you can comment below regarding your department’s thesis topics.

Note: All topics have been compiled from available online resources. If anyone has an issue with any radiology thesis topics displayed here, you can message us here , and we can delete them. These are only sample guidelines. Thesis guidelines differ from institution to institution.

Image source: Thesis complete! (2018). Flickr. Retrieved 12 August 2018, from https://www.flickr.com/photos/cowlet/354911838 by Victoria Catterson

About The Author

Dr. amar udare, md, related posts ↓.

7 thoughts on “Radiology Thesis – More than 400 Research Topics (2022)!”

Amazing & The most helpful site for Radiology residents…

Thank you for your kind comments 🙂

Dr. I saw your Tips is very amazing and referable. But Dr. Can you help me with the thesis of Evaluation of Diagnostic accuracy of X-ray radiograph in knee joint lesion.

Wow! These are excellent stuff. You are indeed a teacher. God bless

Glad you liked these!

happy to see this

Glad I could help :).

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Get Radiology Updates to Your Inbox!

This site is for use by medical professionals. To continue, you must accept our use of cookies and the site's Terms of Use. Learn more Accept!

Wish to be a BETTER Radiologist? Join 14000 Radiology Colleagues !

Enter your email address below to access HIGH YIELD radiology content, updates, and resources.

No spam, only VALUE! Unsubscribe anytime with a single click.

Radiology Research Paper Topics

Radiology research paper topics encompass a wide range of fascinating areas within the field of medical imaging. This page aims to provide students studying health sciences with a comprehensive collection of radiology research paper topics to inspire and guide their research endeavors. By delving into various categories and exploring ten thought-provoking topics within each, students can gain insights into the diverse research possibilities in radiology. From advancements in imaging technology to the evaluation of diagnostic accuracy and the impact of radiological interventions, these topics offer a glimpse into the exciting world of radiology research. Additionally, expert advice is provided to help students choose the most suitable research topics and navigate the process of writing a research paper in radiology. By leveraging iResearchNet’s writing services, students can further enhance their research papers with professional assistance, ensuring the highest quality and adherence to academic standards. Explore the realm of radiology research paper topics and unleash your potential to contribute to the advancement of medical imaging and patient care.

100 Radiology Research Paper Topics

Radiology encompasses a broad spectrum of imaging techniques used to diagnose diseases, monitor treatment progress, and guide interventions. This comprehensive list of radiology research paper topics serves as a valuable resource for students in the field of health sciences who are seeking inspiration and guidance for their research endeavors. The following ten categories highlight different areas within radiology, each containing ten thought-provoking topics. Exploring these topics will provide students with a deeper understanding of the diverse research possibilities and current trends within the field of radiology.

Academic Writing, Editing, Proofreading, And Problem Solving Services

Get 10% off with 24start discount code.

Diagnostic Imaging Techniques

• Comparative analysis of imaging modalities: CT, MRI, and PET-CT.
• The role of artificial intelligence in radiological image interpretation.
• Advancements in digital mammography for breast cancer screening.
• Emerging techniques in nuclear medicine imaging.
• Image-guided biopsy: Enhancing accuracy and safety.
• Application of radiomics in predicting treatment response.
• Dual-energy CT: Expanding diagnostic capabilities.
• Radiological evaluation of traumatic brain injuries.
• Imaging techniques for evaluating cardiovascular diseases.
• Radiographic evaluation of pulmonary nodules: Challenges and advancements.

Interventional Radiology

• Minimally invasive treatments for liver tumors: Embolization techniques.
• Radiofrequency ablation in the management of renal cell carcinoma.
• Role of interventional radiology in the treatment of peripheral artery disease.
• Transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Evaluation of uterine artery embolization for the treatment of fibroids.
• Percutaneous vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty: Efficacy and complications.
• Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Long-term outcomes.
• Interventional radiology in the management of deep vein thrombosis.
• Transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Imaging considerations.
• Emerging techniques in interventional oncology.

Radiation Safety and Dose Optimization

• Strategies for reducing radiation dose in pediatric imaging.
• Imaging modalities with low radiation exposure: Current advancements.
• Effective use of dose monitoring systems in radiology departments.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on radiation dose optimization.
• Optimization of radiation therapy treatment plans: Balancing efficacy and safety.
• Radioprotective measures for patients and healthcare professionals.
• The role of radiology in addressing radiation-induced risks.
• Evaluating the long-term effects of radiation exposure in diagnostic imaging.
• Radiation dose tracking and reporting: Implementing best practices.
• Patient education and communication regarding radiation risks.

Radiology in Oncology

• Imaging techniques for early detection and staging of lung cancer.
• Quantitative imaging biomarkers for predicting treatment response in solid tumors.
• Radiogenomics: Linking imaging features to genetic profiles in cancer.
• The role of imaging in assessing tumor angiogenesis.
• Radiological evaluation of lymphoma: Challenges and advancements.
• Imaging-guided interventions in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
• Assessment of tumor heterogeneity using functional imaging techniques.
• Radiomics and machine learning in predicting treatment outcomes in cancer.
• Multimodal imaging in the evaluation of brain tumors.
• Imaging surveillance after cancer treatment: Optimizing follow-up protocols.

Radiology in Musculoskeletal Disorders

• Imaging modalities in the evaluation of sports-related injuries.
• The role of imaging in diagnosing and monitoring rheumatoid arthritis.
• Assessment of bone health using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
• Imaging techniques for evaluating osteoarthritis progression.
• Imaging-guided interventions in the management of musculoskeletal tumors.
• Role of imaging in diagnosing and managing spinal disorders.
• Evaluation of traumatic injuries using radiography, CT, and MRI.
• Imaging of joint prostheses: Complications and assessment techniques.
• Imaging features and classifications of bone fractures.
• Musculoskeletal ultrasound in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries.

Neuroradiology

• Advanced neuroimaging techniques for early detection of neurodegenerative diseases.
• Imaging evaluation of acute stroke: Current guidelines and advancements.
• Role of functional MRI in mapping brain functions.
• Imaging of brain tumors: Classification and treatment planning.
• Diffusion tensor imaging in assessing white matter integrity.
• Neuroimaging in the evaluation of multiple sclerosis.
• Imaging techniques for the assessment of epilepsy.
• Radiological evaluation of neurovascular diseases.
• Imaging of cranial nerve disorders: Diagnosis and management.
• Radiological assessment of developmental brain abnormalities.

Pediatric Radiology

• Radiation dose reduction strategies in pediatric imaging.
• Imaging evaluation of congenital heart diseases in children.
• Role of imaging in the diagnosis and management of pediatric oncology.
• Imaging of pediatric gastrointestinal disorders.
• Evaluation of developmental hip dysplasia using ultrasound and radiography.
• Imaging features and management of pediatric musculoskeletal infections.
• Neuroimaging in the assessment of pediatric neurodevelopmental disorders.
• Radiological evaluation of pediatric respiratory conditions.
• Imaging techniques for the evaluation of pediatric abdominal emergencies.
• Imaging-guided interventions in pediatric patients.

Breast Imaging

• Advances in digital mammography for early breast cancer detection.
• The role of tomosynthesis in breast imaging.
• Imaging evaluation of breast implants: Complications and assessment.
• Radiogenomic analysis of breast cancer subtypes.
• Contrast-enhanced mammography: Diagnostic benefits and challenges.
• Emerging techniques in breast MRI for high-risk populations.
• Evaluation of breast density and its implications for cancer risk.
• Role of molecular breast imaging in dense breast tissue evaluation.
• Radiological evaluation of male breast disorders.
• The impact of artificial intelligence on breast cancer screening.

Cardiac Imaging

• Imaging evaluation of coronary artery disease: Current techniques and challenges.
• Role of cardiac CT angiography in the assessment of structural heart diseases.
• Imaging of cardiac tumors: Diagnosis and treatment considerations.
• Advanced imaging techniques for assessing myocardial viability.
• Evaluation of valvular heart diseases using echocardiography and MRI.
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of cardiomyopathies.
• Role of nuclear cardiology in the assessment of cardiac function.
• Imaging evaluation of congenital heart diseases in adults.
• Radiological assessment of cardiac arrhythmias.
• Imaging-guided interventions in structural heart diseases.

Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging

• Evaluation of hepatobiliary diseases using imaging techniques.
• Imaging features and classification of renal masses.
• Radiological assessment of gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Imaging evaluation of pancreatic diseases: Challenges and advancements.
• Evaluation of pelvic floor disorders using MRI and ultrasound.
• Role of imaging in diagnosing and staging gynecological cancers.
• Imaging of abdominal and pelvic trauma: Current guidelines and techniques.
• Radiological evaluation of genitourinary disorders.
• Imaging features of abdominal and pelvic infections.
• Assessment of abdominal and pelvic vascular diseases using imaging techniques.

This comprehensive list of radiology research paper topics highlights the vast range of research possibilities within the field of medical imaging. Each category offers unique insights and avenues for exploration, enabling students to delve into various aspects of radiology. By choosing a topic of interest and relevance, students can contribute to the advancement of medical imaging and patient care. The provided topics serve as a starting point for students to engage in in-depth research and produce high-quality research papers.

Radiology: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Introduction: Radiology plays a crucial role in modern healthcare, providing valuable insights into the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions. As a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, radiology offers a wide range of research opportunities for students in the health sciences. This article aims to explore the diverse spectrum of research paper topics within radiology, shedding light on the current trends, innovations, and challenges in the field.

Radiology in Diagnostic Imaging : Diagnostic imaging is one of the core areas of radiology, encompassing various modalities such as X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. Research topics in this domain may include advancements in imaging techniques, comparative analysis of modalities, radiomics, and the integration of artificial intelligence in image interpretation. Students can explore how these technological advancements enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve patient outcomes, and optimize radiation exposure.

Interventional Radiology : Interventional radiology focuses on minimally invasive procedures performed under image guidance. Research topics in this area can cover a wide range of interventions, such as angioplasty, embolization, radiofrequency ablation, and image-guided biopsies. Students can delve into the latest techniques, outcomes, and complications associated with interventional procedures, as well as explore the emerging role of interventional radiology in managing various conditions, including vascular diseases, cancer, and pain management.

Radiation Safety and Dose Optimization : Radiation safety is a critical aspect of radiology practice. Research in this field aims to minimize radiation exposure to patients and healthcare professionals while maintaining optimal diagnostic image quality. Topics may include strategies for reducing radiation dose in pediatric imaging, dose monitoring systems, the impact of artificial intelligence on radiation dose optimization, and radioprotective measures. Students can investigate how to strike a balance between effective imaging and patient safety, exploring advancements in dose reduction techniques and the implementation of best practices.

Radiology in Oncology : Radiology plays a vital role in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment response assessment in cancer patients. Research topics in this area can encompass the use of imaging techniques for early detection, tumor characterization, response prediction, and treatment planning. Students can explore the integration of radiomics, machine learning, and molecular imaging in oncology research, as well as advancements in functional imaging and image-guided interventions.

Radiology in Neuroimaging : Neuroimaging is a specialized field within radiology that focuses on imaging the brain and central nervous system. Research topics in neuroimaging can cover areas such as stroke imaging, neurodegenerative diseases, brain tumors, neurovascular disorders, and functional imaging for mapping brain functions. Students can explore the latest imaging techniques, image analysis tools, and their clinical applications in understanding and diagnosing various neurological conditions.

Radiology in Musculoskeletal Imaging : Musculoskeletal imaging involves the evaluation of bone, joint, and soft tissue disorders. Research topics in this area can encompass imaging techniques for sports-related injuries, arthritis, musculoskeletal tumors, spinal disorders, and trauma. Students can explore the role of advanced imaging modalities such as MRI and ultrasound in diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal conditions, as well as the use of imaging-guided interventions for treatment.

Pediatric Radiology : Pediatric radiology focuses on imaging children, who have unique anatomical and physiological considerations. Research topics in this field may include radiation dose reduction strategies in pediatric imaging, imaging evaluation of congenital anomalies, pediatric oncology imaging, and imaging assessment of developmental disorders. Students can explore how to tailor imaging protocols for children, minimize radiation exposure, and improve diagnostic accuracy in pediatric patients.

Breast Imaging : Breast imaging is essential for the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Research topics in this area can cover advancements in mammography, tomosynthesis, breast MRI, and molecular imaging. Students can explore topics related to breast density, imaging-guided biopsies, breast cancer screening, and the impact of artificial intelligence in breast imaging. Additionally, they can investigate the use of imaging techniques for evaluating breast implants and assessing high-risk populations.

Cardiac Imaging : Cardiac imaging focuses on the evaluation of heart structure and function. Research topics in this field may include imaging techniques for coronary artery disease, valvular heart diseases, cardiomyopathies, and cardiac tumors. Students can explore the role of cardiac CT, MRI, nuclear cardiology, and echocardiography in diagnosing and managing various cardiac conditions. Additionally, they can investigate the use of imaging in guiding interventional procedures and assessing treatment outcomes.

Abdominal and Pelvic Imaging : Abdominal and pelvic imaging involves the evaluation of organs and structures within the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Research topics in this area can encompass imaging of the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, genitourinary system, and pelvic floor. Students can explore topics related to imaging techniques, evaluation of specific diseases or conditions, and the role of imaging in guiding interventions. Additionally, they can investigate emerging modalities such as elastography and diffusion-weighted imaging in abdominal and pelvic imaging.

Radiology offers a vast array of research opportunities for students in the field of health sciences. The topics discussed in this article provide a glimpse into the breadth and depth of research possibilities within radiology. By exploring these research areas, students can contribute to advancements in diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient care. With the rapid evolution of imaging technologies and the integration of artificial intelligence, the future of radiology research holds immense potential for improving healthcare outcomes.

Choosing Radiology Research Paper Topics

Introduction: Selecting a research topic is a crucial step in the journey of writing a radiology research paper. It determines the focus of your study and influences the impact your research can have in the field. To help you make an informed choice, we have compiled expert advice on selecting radiology research paper topics. By following these tips, you can identify a relevant and engaging research topic that aligns with your interests and contributes to the advancement of radiology knowledge.

• Identify Your Interests : Start by reflecting on your own interests within the field of radiology. Consider which subspecialties or areas of radiology intrigue you the most. Are you interested in diagnostic imaging, interventional radiology, radiation safety, oncology imaging, or any other specific area? Identifying your interests will guide you in selecting a topic that excites you and keeps you motivated throughout the research process.
• Stay Updated on Current Trends : Keep yourself updated on the latest advancements, breakthroughs, and emerging trends in radiology. Read scientific journals, attend conferences, and engage in discussions with experts in the field. By staying informed, you can identify gaps in knowledge or areas that require further investigation, providing you with potential research topics that are timely and relevant.
• Consult with Faculty or Mentors : Seek guidance from your faculty members or mentors who are experienced in the field of radiology. They can provide valuable insights into potential research areas, ongoing projects, and research gaps. Discuss your research interests with them and ask for their suggestions and recommendations. Their expertise and guidance can help you narrow down your research topic and refine your research question.
• Conduct a Literature Review : Conducting a thorough literature review is an essential step in choosing a research topic. It allows you to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge, identify research gaps, and build a strong foundation for your study. Analyze recent research papers, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses related to radiology to identify areas that need further investigation or where controversies exist.
• Brainstorm Research Questions : Once you have gained an understanding of the current state of research in radiology, brainstorm potential research questions. Consider the gaps or controversies you identified during your literature review. Develop research questions that address these gaps and contribute to the existing knowledge. Ensure that your research questions are clear, focused, and answerable within the scope of your study.
• Consider the Practicality and Feasibility : When selecting a research topic, consider the practicality and feasibility of conducting the study. Evaluate the availability of resources, access to data, research facilities, and ethical considerations. Assess the time frame and potential constraints that may impact your research. Choosing a topic that is feasible within your given resources and time frame will ensure a successful and manageable research experience.
• Collaborate with Peers : Consider collaborating with your peers or forming a research group to enhance your research experience. Collaborative research allows for a sharing of ideas, resources, and expertise, fostering a supportive environment. By working together, you can explore more complex research topics, conduct multicenter studies, and generate more impactful findings.
• Seek Multidisciplinary Perspectives : Radiology intersects with various other medical disciplines. Consider exploring interdisciplinary research topics that integrate radiology with fields such as oncology, cardiology, neurology, or orthopedics. By incorporating multidisciplinary perspectives, you can address complex healthcare challenges and contribute to a broader understanding of patient care.
• Choose a Topic with Clinical Relevance : Select a research topic that has direct clinical relevance. Focus on topics that can potentially influence patient outcomes, improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize treatment strategies, or enhance patient safety. By choosing a clinically relevant topic, you can contribute to the advancement of radiology practice and have a positive impact on patient care.
• Seek Ethical Considerations : Ensure that your research topic adheres to ethical considerations in radiology research. Patient privacy, confidentiality, and informed consent should be prioritized when conducting studies involving human subjects. Familiarize yourself with the ethical guidelines and regulations specific to radiology research and ensure that your study design and data collection methods are in line with these principles.

Choosing a radiology research paper topic requires careful consideration and alignment with your interests, expertise, and the current trends in the field. By following the expert advice provided in this section, you can select a research topic that is engaging, relevant, and contributes to the advancement of radiology knowledge. Remember to consult with mentors, conduct a thorough literature review, and consider practicality and feasibility. With a well-chosen research topic, you can embark on an exciting journey of exploration, innovation, and contribution to the field of radiology.

How to Write a Radiology Research Paper

Introduction: Writing a radiology research paper requires a systematic approach and attention to detail. It is essential to effectively communicate your research findings, methodology, and conclusions to contribute to the body of knowledge in the field. In this section, we will provide you with valuable tips on how to write a successful radiology research paper. By following these guidelines, you can ensure that your paper is well-structured, informative, and impactful.

• Define the Research Question : Start by clearly defining your research question or objective. It serves as the foundation of your research paper and guides your entire study. Ensure that your research question is specific, focused, and relevant to the field of radiology. Clearly articulate the purpose of your study and its potential implications.
• Conduct a Thorough Literature Review : Before diving into writing, conduct a comprehensive literature review to familiarize yourself with the existing body of knowledge in your research area. Identify key studies, seminal papers, and relevant research articles that will support your research. Analyze and synthesize the literature to identify gaps, controversies, or areas for further investigation.
• Develop a Well-Structured Outline : Create a clear and well-structured outline for your research paper. An outline serves as a roadmap and helps you organize your thoughts, arguments, and evidence. Divide your paper into logical sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. Ensure a logical flow of ideas and information throughout the paper.
• Write an Engaging Introduction : The introduction is the opening section of your research paper and should capture the reader’s attention. Start with a compelling hook that introduces the importance of the research topic. Provide background information, context, and the rationale for your study. Clearly state the research question or objective and outline the structure of your paper.
• Conduct Rigorous Methodology : Describe your research methodology in detail, ensuring transparency and reproducibility. Explain your study design, data collection methods, sample size, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and statistical analyses. Clearly outline the steps you took to ensure scientific rigor and address potential biases. Include any ethical considerations and institutional review board approvals, if applicable.
• Present Clear and Concise Results : Present your research findings in a clear, concise, and organized manner. Use tables, figures, and charts to visually represent your data. Provide accurate and relevant statistical analyses to support your results. Explain the significance and implications of your findings and their alignment with your research question.
• Analyze and Interpret Results : In the discussion section, analyze and interpret your research results in the context of existing literature. Compare and contrast your findings with previous studies, highlighting similarities, differences, and potential explanations. Discuss any limitations or challenges encountered during the study and propose areas for future research.
• Ensure Clear and Coherent Writing : Maintain clarity, coherence, and precision in your writing. Use concise and straightforward language to convey your ideas effectively. Avoid jargon or excessive technical terms that may hinder understanding. Clearly define any acronyms or abbreviations used in your paper. Ensure that each paragraph has a clear topic sentence and flows smoothly into the next.
• Citations and References : Properly cite all the sources used in your research paper. Follow the citation style recommended by your institution or the journal you intend to submit to (e.g., APA, MLA, or Chicago). Include in-text citations for direct quotes, paraphrased information, or any borrowed ideas. Create a comprehensive reference list at the end of your paper, following the formatting guidelines.
• Revise and Edit : Take the time to revise and edit your research paper before final submission. Review the content, structure, and organization of your paper. Check for grammatical errors, spelling mistakes, and typos. Ensure that your paper adheres to the specified word count and formatting guidelines. Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors to gain valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.

Conclusion: Writing a radiology research paper requires careful planning, attention to detail, and effective communication. By following the tips provided in this section, you can write a well-structured and impactful research paper in the field of radiology. Define a clear research question, conduct a thorough literature review, develop a strong outline, and present your findings with clarity. Remember to adhere to proper citation guidelines and revise your paper before submission. With these guidelines in mind, you can contribute to the advancement of radiology knowledge and make a meaningful impact in the field.

iResearchNet’s Writing Services

Introduction: At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges faced by students in the field of health sciences when it comes to writing research papers, including those in radiology. Our writing services are designed to provide you with expert assistance and support throughout your research paper journey. With our team of experienced writers, in-depth research capabilities, and commitment to excellence, we offer a range of services that will help you achieve your academic goals and ensure the success of your radiology research papers.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team consists of expert writers who hold advanced degrees in various fields, including radiology and health sciences. They possess extensive knowledge and expertise in their respective areas, allowing them to deliver high-quality and well-researched papers.
• Custom Written Works : We understand that each research paper is unique, and we tailor our services to meet your specific requirements. Our writers craft custom-written research papers that align with your research objectives, ensuring originality and authenticity in every piece.
• In-Depth Research : Research is at the core of any high-quality paper. Our writers conduct comprehensive and in-depth research to gather relevant literature, scientific articles, and other credible sources to support your research paper. They have access to reputable databases and libraries to ensure that your paper is backed by the latest and most reliable information.
• Custom Formatting : Formatting your research paper according to the specified guidelines can be a challenging task. Our writers are well-versed in various formatting styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. They ensure that your paper adheres to the required formatting standards, including citations, references, and overall document structure.
• Top Quality : We prioritize delivering top-quality research papers that meet the highest academic standards. Our writers pay attention to detail, ensuring accurate information, logical flow, and coherence in your paper. We conduct thorough editing and proofreading to eliminate any errors and improve the overall quality of your work.
• Customized Solutions : We understand that every student has unique research requirements. Our services are tailored to provide customized solutions that address your specific needs. Whether you need assistance with topic selection, literature review, methodology, data analysis, or any other aspect of your research paper, we are here to support you at every step.
• Flexible Pricing : We strive to make our services affordable and accessible to students. Our pricing structure is flexible, allowing you to choose the package that suits your budget and requirements. We offer competitive rates without compromising on the quality of our work.
• Short Deadlines : We recognize the importance of meeting deadlines. Our team is equipped to handle urgent orders with short turnaround times. Whether you have a tight deadline or need assistance in a time-sensitive situation, we can deliver high-quality research papers within as little as three hours.
• Timely Delivery : Punctuality is a priority for us. We understand the significance of submitting your research papers on time. Our writers work diligently to ensure that your paper is delivered within the agreed-upon timeframe, allowing you ample time for review and submission.
• 24/7 Support : We provide round-the-clock support to address any queries or concerns you may have. Our customer support team is available 24/7 to assist you with any questions related to our services, order status, or any other inquiries you may have.
• Absolute Privacy : We prioritize your privacy and confidentiality. Rest assured that all your personal information and research paper details are handled with the utmost discretion. We adhere to strict privacy policies to protect your identity and ensure confidentiality throughout the process.
• Easy Order Tracking : We provide a user-friendly platform that allows you to easily track the progress of your order. You can stay updated on the status of your research paper, communicate with your assigned writer, and receive notifications regarding the completion and delivery of your paper.
• Money Back Guarantee : We are committed to your satisfaction. In the rare event that you are not satisfied with the delivered research paper, we offer a money back guarantee. Our aim is to ensure that you are fully content with the final product and receive the value you expect.

At iResearchNet, we understand the challenges students face when it comes to writing research papers in radiology and other health sciences. Our comprehensive range of writing services is designed to provide you with expert assistance, customized solutions, and top-quality research papers. With our team of experienced writers, in-depth research capabilities, and commitment to excellence, we are dedicated to helping you succeed in your academic endeavors. Place your order with iResearchNet and experience the benefits of our professional writing services for your radiology research papers.

Unlock Your Research Potential with iResearchNet

Are you ready to take your radiology research papers to the next level? Look no further than iResearchNet. Our team of expert writers, in-depth research capabilities, and commitment to excellence make us the perfect partner for your academic success. With our range of comprehensive writing services, you can unlock your research potential and achieve outstanding results in your radiology studies.

Why settle for average when you can have exceptional? Our team of expert degree-holding writers is ready to work with you, providing custom-written research papers that meet your specific requirements. We delve deep into the world of radiology, conducting in-depth research and crafting well-structured papers that showcase your knowledge and expertise.

Don’t let the complexities of choosing a research topic hold you back. Our expert advice on selecting radiology research paper topics will guide you through the process, ensuring that you choose a topic that aligns with your interests and has the potential to make a meaningful contribution to the field of radiology.

It’s time to unleash your potential and achieve academic excellence in your radiology studies. Place your trust in iResearchNet and experience the exceptional quality and support that our writing services offer. Let us be your partner in success as you embark on your journey of writing remarkable radiology research papers.

Take the first step towards elevating your radiology research papers by contacting us today. Our dedicated support team is available 24/7 to assist you with any inquiries and guide you through the ordering process. Don’t settle for mediocrity when you can achieve greatness with iResearchNet. Unlock your research potential and exceed your academic expectations.

ORDER HIGH QUALITY CUSTOM PAPER

• How it works

Useful Links

How much will your dissertation cost?

Have an expert academic write your dissertation paper!

Dissertation Services

Get unlimited topic ideas and a dissertation plan for just £45.00

Order topics and plan

Get 1 free topic in your area of study with aim and justification

Yes I want the free topic

Radiology Dissertation topics – Based on Latest Study and Research

Published by Ellie Cross at December 29th, 2022 , Revised On August 16, 2023

A dissertation is an essential part of the radiology curriculum for an MD, DNB, or DMRD degree programme. Dissertations in radiology can be very tricky and challenging due to the complexity of the subject.

Students must conduct thorough research to develop a first-class dissertation that makes a valuable contribution to the file of radiology. The first step is to choose a well-defined and clear research topic for the dissertation.

We have provided some interesting and focused ideas to help you get started. Choose one that motivates so you don’t lose your interest in the research work half way through the process. 

Other Subject Links:

• Evidence-based Practice Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Child Health Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Adult Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Critical Care Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Palliative Care Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Mental Health Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Nursing Dissertation Topics
• Coronavirus (COVID-19) Nursing Dissertation Topics

List of Radiology Dissertation Topics

• The use of computed tomography and positron emission tomography in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
• MRI diffusion tensor imaging is used to evaluate the traumatic spinal injury
• Analyzing digital colour and subtraction in comparison patients with occlusive arterial disorders and doppler
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging is essential for ensuring the security of brain tumour surgery
• Doppler uterine artery preeclampsia prediction
• Utilizing greyscale and doppler ultrasonography to assess newborn cholestasis
• MRI’s reliability in detecting congenital anorectal anomalies
• Multivessel research on intrauterine growth restriction (arterial, venous) doppler speed
• Perfusion computed tomography is used to evaluate cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and vascular permeability for brain neoplasms
• In post-radiotherapy treated gliomas, compare perfusion magnetic resonance imaging with magnetic resonance spectroscopy to identify recurrence
• Using multidetector computed tomography, pediatric retroperitoneal masses are evaluated. Tomography
• Female factor infertility: the role of three-dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography
• Combining triphasic computed tomography with son elastography allows for assessing localized liver lesions
• Analyzing the effects of magnetic resonance imaging and transperineally ultrasonography on female urinary stress incontinence
• Using dynamic contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, evaluate endometrial lesions
• For the early diagnosis of breast lesions, digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast-enhanced digital mammography are also available
• Using magnetic resonance imaging and colour doppler flow, assess portal hypertension
• Magnesium resonance imaging enables the assessment of musculoskeletal issues
• Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is a crucial diagnostic technique for neoplastic or inflammatory brain lesions
• Children with chest ailments that are HIV-infected and have a radiological spectrum high-resolution ultrasound for childhood neck lumps
• Ultrasonography is useful when determining the causes of pelvic discomfort in the first trimester
• Magnetic resonance imaging is used to evaluate diseases of the aorta or its branches. Angiography’s function
• Children’s pulmonary nodules can be distinguished between benign and malignant using high-resolution ct
• Research on multidetector computed urography for treating diseases of the urinary tract
• The evaluation of the ulnar nerve in leprosy patients involves significantly high-resolution sonography
• Utilizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, radiologists evaluate musculoskeletal tumours that are malignant and locally aggressive before surgery
• The function of MRI and ultrasonography in acute pelvic inflammatory disorders
• Ultrasonography is more efficient than computed tomographic arthrography for evaluating shoulder discomfort
• For patients with blunt abdominal trauma, multidetector computed tomography is a crucial tool
• Compound imaging and expanded field-of-view sonography in the evaluation of breast lesions
• Focused pancreatic lesions are assessed using multidetector CT and perfusion ct
• Ct virtual laryngoscopy is used to evaluate laryngeal masses
• In the liver masses, triple phase multidetector computed tomography
• The effect of increasing the volume of brain tumours on patient survival
• Colonic lesions can be diagnosed using perfusion computed tomography
• A role for proton MRI spectroscopy in the diagnosis and management of temporal lobe epilepsy
• Functions of multidetector CT and doppler ultrasonography in assessing peripheral arterial disease
• There is a function for multidetector computed tomography in paranasal sinus illness
• In neonates with an anorectal malformation, transperineal ultrasound
• Using multidetector CT, comprehensive imaging of an acute ischemic stroke is performed
• The diagnosis of intrauterine neurological congenital disorders requires the use of fetal MRI
• Children with chest masses may benefit from multidetector computed angiography
• Multimodal imaging for the evaluation of palpable and non-palpable breast lesions
• As measured by sonography and relation to fetal outcome, fetal nasal bone length at 11–28 gestational days
• Relationship between bone mineral density, diffusion-weighted MRI imaging, and vertebral marrow fat in postmenopausal women
• A comparison of the traditional catheter and CT coronary imaging angiogram of the heart
• Evaluation of the descending colon’s length and diameter using ultrasound in normal and intrauterine-restricted fetuses
• Investigation of the hepatic vein waveform in liver cirrhosis prospectively. A connection to child pugh’s categorization
• Functional assessment of coronary artery bypass graft patency in symptomatic patients using CT angiography
• MRI and MRI arthrography evaluation of the labour-ligamentous complex lesion in the shoulder
• The evaluation of soft tissue vascular abnormalities involves imaging
• Colour doppler ultrasound and high-resolution ultrasound for scrotal lesions
• Comparison of low-dose computed tomography and ultrasonography with colour doppler for diagnosing salivary gland disorders
• The use of multidetector CT to diagnose lesions of the salivary glands
• Low dose CT venogram and sonography comparison for evaluating varicose veins: a pilot study
• Comparison of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and triple phase CT in patients with liver cirrhosis
• Carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery disease are examined in individuals with coronary angiography for suspected CAD
• Unenhanced computed tomography assessment of hepatic fat levels in fatty liver disease
• Bone mineral density in postmenopausal women and vertebral marrow fat on spectroscopic and diffusion-weighted MRI images are correlated
• Evaluation of CT coronary angiography against traditional catheter coronary angiography in comparison
• “High-frequency ultrasonography and colour doppler evaluation of the median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome in contrast to nerve conduction tests”
• Role of MR urethrography in the surgical therapy of obliterative urethral stricture compared to conventional urethrography
• “High resolution computed tomography evaluation of the temporal bone in cholesteatoma patients.”
• “Ultrasonographic assessment of sore shoulders and linkage of clinical examination and rotator cuff diseases”
• “A Study to Evaluate the Performance of Magnetization Transfer Ratio in Distinguishing Neurocysticercosis from Tuberculoma”

Hire an Expert Writer

Orders completed by our expert writers are

• Formally drafted in an academic style
• Free Amendments and 100% Plagiarism Free – or your money back!
• 100% Confidential and Timely Delivery!
• Free anti-plagiarism report
• Appreciated by thousands of clients. Check client reviews

Final Words

You can use or get inspired by our selection of the best radiology diss. You can also check our list of critical care nursing dissertation topics and biology dissertation topics because these areas also relate to the discipline of medical sciences.

Choosing an impactful radiology dissertation topic is a daunting task. There is a lot of patience, time and effort that goes into the whole process. However, we have tried to simplify it for you by providing a list of amazing and unique radiology dissertation topics for you. We hope you find this blog helpful.

Also learn about our dissertation services here .

Free Dissertation Topic

Phone Number

Academic Level Select Academic Level Undergraduate Graduate PHD

Academic Subject

Area of Research

Frequently Asked Questions

How to find radiology dissertation topics.

For radiology dissertation topics:

• Research recent advancements.
• Identify unexplored areas.
• Consult experts and journals.
• Focus on patient care or tech.
• Consider ethical or practical issues.
• Select a topic resonating with your passion and career objectives.

You May Also Like

Are you a marketing or management student looking for specific marketing management dissertation topics? If yes, your search is over because this article provides 25 highly focused marketing management dissertation ideas and examples.

When you choose business management as your field of study, you are undoubtedly not a typical student. A degree in business administration is intended for those wishing to start their own business or expand an existing one.

Need interesting and manageable coronavirus (covid-19) and global economy dissertation topics? Here are trending titles so you can choose the most suitable one.

USEFUL LINKS

LEARNING RESOURCES

COMPANY DETAILS

• How It Works

• Google Meet
• Mobile Dialer

Resent Search

Management Assignment Writing

Technical Assignment Writing

Finance Assignment Writing

Medical Nursing Writing

Resume Writing

Civil engineering writing

Mathematics and Statistics Projects

CV Writing Service

Essay Writing Service

Online Dissertation Help

Thesis Writing Help

RESEARCH PAPER WRITING SERVICE

Case Study Writing Service

Electrical Engineering Assignment Help

IT Assignment Help

Mechanical Engineering Assignment Help

Homework Writing Help

Science Assignment Writing

Arts Architecture Assignment Help

Chemical Engineering Assignment Help

Computer Network Assignment Help

Arts Assignment Help

Coursework Writing Help

Custom Paper Writing Services

Personal Statement Writing

Biotechnology Assignment Help

C Programming Assignment Help

MBA Assignment Help

English Essay Writing

MATLAB Assignment Help

Narrative Writing Help

Report Writing Help

Get Top Quality Assignment Assistance

Online Exam Help

Macroeconomics Homework Help

Change Management Assignment Help

Operation management Assignment Help

Strategy Assignment Help

Human Resource Management Assignment Help

Psychology Assignment Writing Help

Algebra Homework Help

Best Assignment Writing Tips

Statistics Homework Help

CDR Writing Services

TAFE Assignment Help

Auditing Assignment Help

Literature Essay Help

Online University Assignment Writing

Economics Assignment Help

Programming Language Assignment Help

Political Science Assignment Help

Marketing Assignment Help

Project Management Assignment Help

Geography Assignment Help

Do My Assignment For Me

Business Ethics Assignment Help

Pricing Strategy Assignment Help

The Best Taxation Assignment Help

Finance Planning Assignment Help

Solve My Accounting Paper Online

Market Analysis Assignment

4p Marketing Assignment Help

Corporate Strategy Assignment Help

Project Risk Management Assignment Help

Environmental Law Assignment Help

History Assignment Help

Geometry Assignment Help

Physics Assignment Help

Clinical Reasoning Cycle

Forex Assignment Help

Python Assignment Help

Behavioural Finance Assignment Help

PHP Assignment Help

Social Science Assignment Help

Capital Budgeting Assignment Help

Trigonometry Assignment Help

Java Programming Assignment Help

Corporate Finance Planning Help

Sports Science Assignment Help

Accounting For Financial Statements Assignment Help

Robotics Assignment Help

Cost Accounting Assignment Help

Business Accounting Assignment Help

Activity Based Accounting Assignment Help

Econometrics Assignment Help

Managerial Accounting Assignment Help

R Studio Assignment Help

Cookery Assignment Help

Solidworks assignment Help

UML Diagram Assignment Help

Data Flow Diagram Assignment Help

Employment Law Assignment Help

Calculus Assignment Help

Arithmetic Assignment Help

Write My Assignment

Business Intelligence Assignment Help

Database Assignment Help

Fluid Mechanics Assignment Help

Web Design Assignment Help

Student Assignment Help

Online CPM Homework Help

Chemistry Assignment Help

Biology Assignment Help

Corporate Governance Law Assignment Help

Auto CAD Assignment Help

Public Relations Assignment Help

Bioinformatics Assignment Help

Engineering Assignment Help

Computer Science Assignment Help

C++ Programming Assignment Help

Aerospace Engineering Assignment Help

Agroecology Assignment Help

Finance Assignment Help

Conflict Management Assignment Help

Paleontology Assignment Help

Commercial Law Assignment Help

Criminal Law Assignment Help

Anthropology Assignment Help

Biochemistry Assignment Help

Get the best cheap assignment Help

Online Pharmacology Course Help

Urgent Assignment Help

Paying For Assignment Help

HND Assignment Help

Legitimate Essay Writing Help

Best Online Proofreading Services

Need Help With Your Academic Assignment

Assignment Writing Help In Canada

Assignment Writing Help In UAE

Online Assignment Writing Help in the USA

Assignment Writing Help In Australia

Assignment Writing Help In the UK

Scholarship Essay Writing Help

University of Huddersfield Assignment Help

Ph.D. Assignment Writing Help

Law Assignment Writing Help

Website Design and Development Assignment Help

Radiology Thesis Research Topics

A dissertation, or thesis, is an integral part the Radiology curriculum. It can be called MD, DNB, or DMRD. For your convenience, we have tried to collect radiology thesis topics from different sources. Writing a Radiology thesis is not for everyone. There is no way around it so accept it and get on with it. #PhilosophyGyan!). Get started on your thesis as soon as you can. You can finish your thesis before the exams to avoid stress. Your thesis may need to be edited many times so be ready for this and plan your time accordingly.

Here are some tips for choosing the right topic and thesis in Radiology research:

• Prospective studies are more effective than retrospective ones.
• For your radiology thesis, choose a topic that is simple.
• You can choose a new topic if you're really interested in research and have a mentor to guide you. After you're done, make sure you publish your research.
• It is a good idea to stick with a topic for your thesis that won't take too much of your time in most cases.
• This does not mean you should abandon your thesis or 'Ctrl L + CtrlV' it from someone from another university. Writing your thesis is the first step in research methodology. Please do it honestly.
• However, don't spend too much time writing/collecting data to support your thesis.
• Don't put off preparing your thesis. Once you have been given a guideline, begin researching the topics and writing the review.
• Do not rush to finish your thesis until a few months before the exam.
• Some people have been unable to appear on the exam due to not having submitted their thesis on time. Do not take your thesis lightly.
• I will reiterate once more: Do not choose the thesis topic of someone else. Learn about the types of cases your Hospital treats. A good thesis on a common topic is better than one that is poorly written on a more obscure one.

List of Radiology Thesis Topics

• The state of the art in MRI for the diagnosis of hepatic focal lesion
• Multimodality imaging evaluation for sacroiliitis in patients newly diagnosed with spondyloarthropathy
• Multidetector computed Tomography in Oesophageal Varices
• The role of positron emission imaging tomography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of thyroid cancer
• Ultrasound elastography is used to evaluate focal breast lesions
• Assessment of traumatic spinal injuries: role of MRI diffusion tensor imagery
• Sonographic imaging for male infertility
• Comparative analysis of digital subtraction and color Doppler in patients with occlusive arterial diseases
• CT urography and haematuria: What is its role?
• Functional magnetic resonance imaging plays a vital role in brain tumor surgery safety
• Prediction of preeclampsia by Doppler uterine artery
• Evaluation of neonatal Cholestasis: Role of Doppler ultrasonography and gray scale
• Validity of MRI for diagnosis of congenital anorectal abnormalities
• Assessment of clubfoot: Role of sonography
• Diffusion MRI plays a role in the preoperative evaluation for brain neoplasms
• Pre-anaesthetic evaluation and laryngeal conditions.
• Study of intrauterine growth restriction: multivessel (arterial, venous) Doppler velocity
• Multiparametric 3tesla-MRI for suspected prostatic malignancy
• Sonography is an important tool for identifying benign nodules in the thyroid.
• Multiple sclerosis: Role of advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences
• Evaluation of jaw lesions: role of multidetector computed Tomography
• Ultrasound and MR Imaging are important in the evaluation of Musculotendinous Pathologies of Shoulder Joint
• Perfusion computed tomography plays a role in the assessment of cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and vascular permeability for cerebral neoplasms
• MRI flow quantification is used to assess the most common csf flow abnormalities
• Diffusion-weighted MRI is important in the evaluation of prostate lesions. It also helps to determine histopathological correlation.
• CT enterography for evaluation of small bowel problems
• To detect recurrence, compare perfusion magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy in post-radiotherapy treated gliomas.
• Evaluation of paediatric retroperitoneal masses using multidetector computed Tomography
• Multidetector computed tmography plays a role in neck lesions
• Indian population estimates standard liver volume

Topics for a Radiology dissertation

• Multislice CT scan, barium swallow and their role in the estimation of the length of oesophageal tumors
• Malignant Lesions-A Prospective Study.
• Ultrasonography is an important tool for the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease in children.
• Role of three dimensional multidetector CT hysterosalpingography in female factor infertility
• Comparative evaluation of multidetector computedtomography (MDCT), virtual tracheobronchoscopy, and fiberoptic traceo-bronchoscopy for airway diseases
• The role of multidetector CT for small bowel obstruction evaluation
• Sonographic evaluation of adhesive capsulitis in the shoulder
• Utility of MR Urography Versus Other Techniques in Obstructive Uropathy
• An MRI of the postoperative knee
• 64-slice multi detector computed tomography plays an important role in the diagnosis of mesenteric and bowel injury after blunt abdominal trauma.
• In the evaluation of focal liver lesion, sonoelastography is combined with triphasic computed Tomography
• Evaluation of the role of transperineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in urinary stress incontinence in women
• Multidetector computed morphographic features of abdominal hernias
• Ultrasound elastography is used to evaluate lesions in major salivary glands
• Female urinary incontinence: Transvaginal ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Evaluation of colonic lesions using MDCT colonography and double contrast barium enema
• Role of MRI for diagnosis and staging urinary bladder carcinoma
• Children with febrile neutropenia: Spectrum of imaging findings
• Children with chest tuberculosis: Spectrum of radiographic appearances
• Computerized tomography plays a role in the evaluation of mediastinal masses during paediatrics
• Diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by comparison of multimodality imaging in diabetics
• Multidetector CT virtual Hysteroscopy is an important tool in the diagnosis of female infertility.
• Evaluation of Crohn's Disease: The role of multislice computed Tomography
• CT quantification of airway and parenchymal parameters using 64-slice MDCT in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
• Comparative evaluation of MDCT versus 3t MRI in radiographically diagnosed jaw lesions.
• Evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, colour-Doppler sonography, and low dose computed Tomography in acute appendicitis
• Ultrasonography , magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) in assessment of pediatric biliary lesions
• Multidetector computed Tomography in Hepatobiliary Lesions
• Assessment of peripheral nerve lesions using high resolution ultrasonography (HRU) and colour Doppler
• Multidetector computed Tomography in Pancreatic Lesions

Thesis topics in DNB radiology

• Magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imagery & spectroscopy are used to grade gliomas by correlating the perfusion parameter of the lesion and the final histopathological grade
• Magnetic resonance assessment of abdominal tuberculosis.
• Low dose spiral HRCT for diffuse lung disease is useful in diagnosing
• Evaluation of endometrial lesion evaluations using dynamic contrast enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
• Digital breast tomosynthesis and contrast enhanced digital mammography are both available for early diagnosis of breast lesions.
• Assessment of Portal Hypertension using Colour Doppler flow and magnetic resonance imaging
• Magnetic resonance imaging allows for the evaluation of musculoskeletal problems
• Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging is an important tool in the diagnosis of brain lesions that are neoplastic or inflammatory.
• Radiological spectrum of HIV-infected children with chest diseases High resolution ultrasonography for neck masses in children
• With surgical findings
• Evaluation of spinal trauma: Role of MRI
• Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Sonographic evaluation of the peripheral nerves
• Perfusion computed tomography plays a role in the evaluation neck masses and correlation
• Ultrasonography plays a role in diagnosing knee joint problems
• Ultrasonography plays a role in the evaluation of different causes of pelvic pain during the first trimester.
• The Evaluation of Diseases of the Aorta or its Branches: Magnetic Resonance Angiography's Role
• MDCT fistulography for evaluation of fistulas in Ano
• Multislice CT plays a role in the diagnosis of small intestinal tumors
• High resolution CT plays a role in the differentiation of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules among children
• Multidetector computed urography in the treatment of urinary tract disorders: A study
• High resolution sonography plays an important role in the assessment of the ulnar nerve for patients suffering from leprosy.
• Radiological pre-operative evaluation of malignant and locally aggressive musculoskeletal tumors using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.
• In acute pelvic inflammatory diseases, the role of MRI and ultrasound
• In the evaluation of shoulder pain, ultrasonography is more effective than computed tomographicarthrography
• Multidetector Computed Tomography is an important tool for patients suffering from blunt abdominal trauma.
• Evaluation of breast lesions: The role of extended field-of-view sonography and compound imaging
• Multidetector CT, perfusion CT are used to evaluate focal pancreatic lesion.
• Assessment of breast masses using sono-mammography or colour Doppler imaging
• Evaluation of laryngeal masses: role of CT virtual laryngoscopy
• Triple phase multi-detector computed tomography in the liver masses

Radiology thesis topics for reference

• Ultrasound elastography is used to evaluate hepatic dysfunction in chronic liver disease.
• Assessment of hydrocephalus in children: Role of MRI
• Sonoelastography is an important tool in the diagnosis of breast lesions
• Patients with intracranial tumors: The impact of volumetric tumor doubling on survival
• Perfusion computed tomography plays a role in the diagnosis of colonic lesions
• Proton MRI spectroscopy plays a role in the evaluation and treatment of temporal lobe epilepsy
• Evaluation of peripheral arterial disease: role of multidetector CT and Doppler ultrasound
• Multidetector computed Tomography plays a role in paranasal sinus disease
• Virtual endoscopy with MDCT is an effective tool for diagnosing and evaluating gastric problems
• High resolution 3 Tesla MRI for the assessment of hindfoot and ankle pain.
• Ultrasonography transperineal in infants suffering from anorectal malformation
• In order to detect varices in patients with cirrhotics, CT portography uses MDCT instead of color Doppler
• CT urography plays a role in the evaluation of a dilapid ureter
• Dynamic contrast-enhanced multidetector CT characterizes pulmonary nodules
• Comprehensive CT imaging of an acute ischemic stroke using multidetector CT
• Fetal MRI plays a vital role in diagnosing intrauterine neurological congenital abnormalities
• Multidetector computed angiography plays a role in pediatric chest mass
• Multimodality imaging for the assessment of breast lesions that are palpable or non-palpable.
• Sonographic Assessment of Fetal Nasal Bone Length at 11-28 Gestational Days and Its Relationship to Fetal Outcome.
• The Role Of Sonoelastography and Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography in Evaluation Of Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancers
• Unenhanced computed Tomography allows for assessment of the hepatic fat in fatty liver disease.
• Correlation between vertebral marrow fat and spectroscopy, diffusion-weighted MRI imaging, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal females
• Comparative assessment of CT coronary imaging with conventional catheter coronary angiography
• Ultrasound evaluation of the length and diameter of the descending colon in normal and intrauterine-restricted foetuses
• Prospective study of the hepatic vein waveform in liver cirrhosis. Correlation with Child Pugh's classification.
• CT angiography for evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency in symptomatic patients' functional assessment myocardium using cardiac MRI in patients suffering from myocardial injury
• MRI Evaluation of HIV Positive Patients with Central Nerv System Manifestations
• MDCT evaluation of mediastinal hilar masses
• Evaluation of labro-ligamentous complex lesion by MRI & MRI arthrography shoulder joint
• Imaging plays a role in the assessment of soft tissue vascular malformations

Thesis topics in MD radiology:

• The Role of CT Virtual Cystoscopy in Urinary Bladder Neoplasia Diagnosis
• Multislice CT is an essential diagnostic technique for small intestinal tumours.
• "Mri Flow Quantification in the Evaluation of the Most Common CSF Flow Anomals"
• "The Fetal Mri Role in the Diagnosis of Intrauterine Neurological CongenitalAnomalies"
• Transcranial Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Brain Insults
• "Interventional Imaging Procedures' Role in the Treatment of Specific Gynecological Disorders"
• The Role of Radiological Imaging in Endometrial Carcinoma Diagnosis
• "The Role of High Resolution CT in the Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Pulmonary Nodules in Children"
• Ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic technique for knee joint pathologies.
• "The Role of Diagnostic Imaging Modalities in Assessing Post-Liver Transplantation Recipient Complications"
• "In Diagnosis, Diffusion-Weighted Magnet Resonance Imaging
• Brain Tumor Characterization in Relation to Conventional Mri
• PET-CT and Hepatic Tumor Evaluation
• "The Role of CT in the Evaluation of Mediastinal Masses in Pediatric Patients"
• "Female Urinary Incontinence: Transvaginal Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• Multidetector CT is an important tool in diagnosing urinary bladder cancer
• "The Role Of Transvaginal Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Treatment Of Female Infertility
• Role Of Diffusion-Weighted Mri Imaging In Evaluation Of Cancer Prostate
• "Role Of Emission Tomography With Computed Tomography In Diagnosis Of Cancer Thyroid"
• CT Urography in the Case of Haematuria: What Role Does It Play?
• "The Role of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Acute Abdominal Disorders in Children"
• "The Role of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Increasing the Safety of Brain Tumor Surgery"
• The Role of Sonoelastography in the Characterization of Breast Lesions
• "Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in Pediatric Biliary Lesions"
• "The Role of Ultrasound and Color Doppler Imaging in the Evaluation of Acute Abdominal Pain Caused by Female Genital Causes"
• "The Role of Multidetector CT Virtual Laryngoscopy in the Diagnosis of Laryngeal Mass Lesions"
• The Postoperative Knee MRI
• Mri's Role in Valvular Heart Disease Assessment
• Fetal Abdominal Abnormalities: The Role of 3D and 4D Ultrasonography
• State-of-the-Art Hispatic Focal Lesions

Get Trustworthy Thesis Assistance Offerd From AHECounselling

Take a deep breath, and think about the issues. What are your problems when writing a thesis. Why can't your thesis be transferred to our thesis-helpers? Are you looking for additional assistance in writing your thesis? These concerns can be frustrating. However, losing your marks is not something you want. Consider all the reasons you should visit AHECounselling to get dissertation help.

We are proud to offer our thesis writing services and assist scholars with these problems. You will find qualified thesis helpers at AHECounselling that can meet all your needs. We can answer all your questions about any topic. Professional thesis assistance is also available to help with the drafting, editing, and proofreading. It is now time to click the Order Now button. Place your order quickly before it is too late to submit your thesis!

Frequently asked questions

How do i choose a thesis for my radiology .

Select a straightforward subject for your radiology thesis. You can pick a unique topic if you have a competent mentor who will help you and are really engaged in research. Once you've completed that, be sure to publish your study as soon as it's finished.

What are the problems in radiology ?

The "invisible" radiologist, tissue characterization, and micro resolution are among the problems. Opportunities exist in interventional radiology and quantitative imaging. Radiological screening practices will alter due to in vitro diagnostics. Radiology may have varied effects from automation.

What are the 5 most common errors in radiology ?

In 2016, Johnson found that failure to consult earlier studies or reports, limitations in imaging technique (inappropriate or incomplete protocols), inaccurate or incomplete history, the lesion's location outside of the region of interest, and a failure to search were the most frequent causes of diagnostic errors.

What do radiology means ?

Imaging technology is used in the medical specialty of radiology to identify and treat illness. Diagnostic radiology and interventional radiology are two subfields of radiology. Radiologists are medical professionals with a focus on radiology.

What is an example of radiology ?

The most typical kinds of radiological diagnostic tests include: The term "computed tomography" (CT) is also used for CAT scans, which include CT angiography. upper gastrointestinal and barium enema fluoroscopy. MRI and MR angiography are terms for magnetic resonance imaging.

Does radiologist do surgery ?

A surgical operation, for instance, may be supported by medical imaging used by an interventional radiologist. With the use of this imaging, operations may be performed more safely and with a quicker recovery. Typically, interventional radiologists do keyhole surgery.

What does the future hold for radiology ?

Future phases of AI in radiology will build sophisticated deep learning algorithms, more complicated artificial neural networks, and intricate integration of several data systems (pathology and radiology) so that AI in medicine and radiology will continue to advance and become more potent.

Is AI going to replace radiologists ?

Radiologists cannot be replaced by AI. However, it can make radiologists' routine work easier. Early adopters of AI will therefore probably lead the radiology industry in the future. Some radiology medical students have changed their perspectives in response to this topic, which has raised concerns.

Which field is better nursing or radiology ?

Radiologic technologists made an average yearly pay of $56,450 as of 2012, according to the BLS. This is significantly greater than the average yearly salary of LPNs and certified vocational nurses, which was $42,400. But the majority of nurses make more money than radiologic technologists.

How do radiology techs make more money ?

You will be paid extra if you select a shift that starts later in the day. You will get paid extra if you pick shifts on the weekends. A radiologic technician who works the night shift gets paid much more per hour than one who works the day shift.

Do radiologists talk to patients ?

Direct patient interaction is already a common practice in several radiology subspecialties. Before, during, and after tests, sonologists, fluoroscopists, interventional radiologists, women's imagers, and pediatric radiologists frequently speak with their patients directly.

How long does it take to become a radiologist ?

You must complete a minimum of seven years of formal medical education. A master's in radiology follows a bachelor's in radiography with a biology and physics emphasis, similar to an MBBS or premedical degree.

Can radiologist do pain management ?

Numerous operations that our radiologists may carry out can aid in the pain reduction of suffering individuals. Many of those procedures can be very beneficial for people with joint pain, back pain, or chronic face discomfort.

List of Radiology Thesis Topics ?

• The role of positron emission imaging tomography and computed tomography in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer

Radiology thesis topics for reference ?

Top 10 Best Universities Ranking list in India 2022

Generic Conventions: Assignment Help Services

Research Paper Topics For Medical

Top 5 Resources for Writing Excellent Academic Assignments

How to Write a Literature Review for Academic Purposes

Tips for Writing a killer introduction to your assignment

How To Write A Compelling Conclusion For Your University Assignment

Research Papers Topics For Social Science

Best 150 New Research Paper Ideas For Students

7 Best Plagiarism Checkers for Students And Teachers in 2024

Enquiry form.

Medical Student Section

Comprised of acr ®️ medical student members, the medical student section (mss) currently represents over 3,000 medical students. the mss is led by a steering committee comprised of medical students with the goal of developing resources to benefit students interested in learning about the fields of radiology and radiation oncology., get involved, medical student hub.

Medical Educator Hub

Radiology Research Topics

1.      Revolutionizing Medical Imaging with Computed Tomography

Are you a medical imaging specialist looking to take your imaging capabilities to the next level? Look no further than high-precision computed tomography! Computed Tomography (CT) is an industry-leading medical imaging technology that provides clinicians with essential 3D images to diagnose potential illnesses as accurately as possible.

Using powerful x-ray beams and complex algorithms, CT scans create detailed internal images with far better resolution than most other diagnostic modalities, such as MRI or ultrasound. These highly intricate 3D depictions essentially act like a snapshot of the inner workings when scanning – making it easier for healthcare providers to detect problems related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, trauma, infections, and soft tissue damage.

2.      Gastro-Diagnostics: Taking an X-Ray of your Digestive System

This study will help you dive deep into the depths of your digestive system and take a good hard look at what’s happening inside you. The Gastro-Diagnostic system works safely and quickly to order special equipment for an endoscopy or colonoscopy procedure. This minimally invasive process involves only light anesthesia and is used for diagnostic purposes only — it does not establish any form of treatment.

Once complete, a radiologist will evaluate the results directly from the Imaging center via secure transfer to our facility. They are set up with full training and assistance in reading images securely online. The final diagnosis must be based upon a referral by physicians trained in this field of medical science

• Radiation Revolution: An Inside Look at Diagnostic Radiology

Are you curious to learn more about diagnostic radiology? Well, this is your chance! With this study, you’ll get all the necessary information.

Diagnostic radiology is an advanced imaging technology used in hospitals, clinics, and physician’s offices worldwide. It uses specialized equipment to produce cross-section images of body parts and identify problems that cannot be seen by just taking x-rays. These images are then used to diagnose and treat conditions like cancer, heart disease, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases, musculoskeletal ailments, and more! 

Opting for diagnostic radiology instead of traditional x-ray procedure allows doctors to detect subtle changes related to or unrelated health issues much earlier. It enables them to plan suitable treatments accordingly. Moreover, this sophisticated imaging tool provides detailed information about bodily organs, often serving as a guide before undertaking minor or major surgeries.  

• Magnifying Medical Miracles with MRI Technology

If you want to make medical miracles happen, it all starts with the right technology. Enter MRI technology – a powerful tool that gives doctors and physicians deep insight into human anatomy so they can effectively diagnose diseases and create successful treatment plans.

MRI stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, but we think of it as Major Resolution Imagery. Put simply; an MRI machine helps health care professionals locate problems ranging from fractures in bones to defects inside organs or arteries — something no other device on earth can do quite like this one! Plus, its cutting-edge imaging capabilities let them observe minute details without resorting to invasive surgery – true magnifying magic at work!

• Exploring Ultrasonography Medical Imaging

Ultrasonography is a medical imaging technology that creates images of inside organs and structures by using high-frequency sound waves. It is commonly used to assess the health of a fetus during pregnancy and diagnose and monitor conditions such as heart disease, cancer, and kidney stones. Examples include obstetric ultrasound for pregnant women and echocardiography for assessing heart health.

This cutting-edge medical imaging technology has revolutionized how medical professionals view the body’s inner workings. With ultrasonography, you can view organs, tissues, and even unborn babies with unparalleled clarity and detail.

• Role of RADS in Radiology

RADS stands for Radiology Assessment Database System. It is a system used by radiologists to store, manage, and analyze medical imaging data. Examples of popular RADS systems include PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System) and RIS (Radiology Information System).

RADS also has powerful analytical tools that help you get the most out of your imaging datasets. It enables you to monitor patient outcomes, analyze diagnostic accuracy, and detect trends in image quality across your practice or institution. In addition, RADS includes a variety of reporting tools that let you generate custom reports and track results over time.

• Deciphering Exposure Indicators through Radiology

Exposure Indicators in Radiology are measurements used to determine the amount of radiation exposure a patient has received during a radiological procedure. Examples of popular exposure indicators include the dose-area product (DAP) and the computed tomography dose index (CTDI). The DAP is a measure of the total radiation dose delivered to a patient during an imaging procedure. At the same time, the CTDI is a measure of the radiation dose delivered to a specific region of the body.

These indicators are incredibly accurate and reliable, precisely measuring the radiation dose a patient receives during a radiological procedure. With this information, you can ensure your patients get the required dosage without exceeding it.

• Focal Spot/Area/Zone: Radiology

Do you want to get the most out of your radiology exams? This study will help you a lot!

Focal Spot/Area/Zone is a term used in radiology to refer to the area of the body that is being imaged. It is the area where the X-ray beam is focused and is usually the size of a pinhead. Popular examples include mammograms, which focus on the breast tissue, and CT scans, which focus on the head or chest.

Focal Spot/Area/Zone also provides safety benefits. With its pinpoint accuracy, radiation exposure time is limited and helps limit exposure to x-ray radiation. As a result, fewer images must be taken to get the desired results, reducing the risk to your patients.

• An Exploration of Contrast Medium

A contrast medium is a material that is used to improve the visibility of organs, vessels, and tissues during medical imaging procedures. The procedures include X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound. Popular examples of contrast media include barium sulfate for X-rays, gadolinium for MRI, and microbubbles for ultrasound.

Contrast medium helps in aiding quick diagnosis as it improves the accuracy and effectiveness of medical imaging procedures. The contrast medium lets your doctor get a detailed image for a great diagnosis. It also helps in warning about potential danger signs that may not be visible through standard imaging procedures.

Another advantage of using a contrast medium for medical imaging is its safety. It is FDA approved and noted to be safe for human usage.

10.   A Clear Look at Mammography

A mammogram is a type of imaging test that uses low-dose X-rays to detect changes in the breast tissue. It is used to screen for and diagnose breast cancer and other conditions, such as cysts or benign tumors. Mammograms can also be used to monitor the progress of treatment for breast cancer.

Mammography involves squeezing the breasts between two plates and capturing an X-ray picture. This compression helps to spread out the breast tissue so that any abnormalities can be more easily seen on the X-ray image. The images are then sent to a radiologist, who will interpret them and report back with their findings.

11.   A Guide to Abdominal Radiography

Abdominal radiography is an imaging technique used to view the internal organs and structures of the abdomen. It involves taking X-ray pictures of the abdomen, which can help diagnose various conditions such as gallstones, appendicitis, ulcers, hernias, and tumors. Abdominal radiography is also used to assess the abdominal organs’ health and monitor treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Whether you’re taking precautions or not sure what’s happening inside, abdominal radiography helps you and your doctor gain valuable insights into the health of your abdominal organs and provides an actual window into exactly what treatments — like chemotherapy or radiation therapy — are doing to make you feel better.

12.   Marker Types – Nodules, Lesions, and Tumors:

Introducing the most comprehensive marker types – Nodules, Lesions, and Tumors! These markers provide a fast, easy and accurate way to identify different types of tissue changes with medical imaging and biopsy techniques.

Nodules are solid lumps that can form in any part of the body. They can be easily detected through CT, MRI, and ultrasounds. Lesions are an area of abnormal tissue caused by injury or disease. This can range from skin lesions such as moles and warts to brain lesions such as tumours. Finally, tumours are abnormal masses of tissue that can be either benign or malignant. Popular examples include breast cancer tumors and brain tumors

13.   Exploring the Anatomy of Structures

Calling all curious learners who are interested in understanding the anatomy of structures! Explore the Skull, Chest Cavity, and Spine to satisfy your need for knowledge.

Learn the ins and outs of the Skeletal System by getting a closer look at these components. Start by delving into the Skull, the bony structure that houses and protects the brain – found in humans, cows, and other mammals. Then shift your focus to understanding the Chest Cavity and how it holds our most vital organs, like the heart and lungs. Finally, please take a look at the Spine, the column of bones that runs from head to toe and helps us stand and move.

• Exploring Necrosis and Its Effects

It is typically termed cell death which happens when cells are injured, infected, or otherwise destroyed. Necrotic tissue can be identified by its discolouration and the presence of an inflammatory response in the surrounding area. It is important to understand necrosis and its effects, as it can lead to serious health complications if not treated properly.

The process of necrosis begins with cellular damage, which may occur due to physical trauma, radiation exposure, extreme temperatures, toxic chemicals, or infectious agents such as bacteria and viruses. When this damage occurs on a cellular level, enzymes are released from lysosomes within the cell, which causes further destruction of the cell’s structure and membrane integrity.

• Understanding Inflammation and Its Impact

Inflammation is the body’s complicated biochemical response to injuries or illness. It is a natural process that aids in the body’s defence against external invaders such as germs and viruses while also mending damaged tissue. Inflammation can manifest itself in a variety of ways, ranging from modest redness and swelling to severe pain and fever.

While inflammation can be beneficial in some cases, it can also lead to chronic health problems if left unchecked. When inflammation becomes prolonged or excessive, it can damage healthy tissues and organs over time. This type of prolonged inflammation is known as chronic inflammation and may contribute to conditions like heart disease, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, and certain cancers.

• Embracing the Unconventional: Understanding Abnormality

In a world where conformity is often expected, it can be challenging to understand and accept those who are considered “abnormal.” But what does it mean to be abnormal? Abnormality is defined as any behavior or condition that deviates from the norm. This could include physical disabilities, mental health issues, social anxieties, religious beliefs and practices, or having different interests than those around you.

When we think of abnormality in society today, there is an inherent stigma associated with it. People may fear the unknown or feel uncomfortable when confronted with something unfamiliar; this can lead them to judge others without understanding why someone might act differently than they do. So don’t assume that just because someone acts differently than you do means they’re wrong or bad!

• Getting a Circular Look at Radial Angiography

Radial angiography is a medical imaging method that allows you to see the blood arteries in your body. It is commonly used to diagnose and treat coronary artery disease, aneurysms, and vascular malformations. Radial angiography utilizes X-ray images from different angles to create a circular view of the studied vessels. This allows doctors to get a better understanding of the anatomy and pathology of the vessels.

The process begins with an injection of contrast material into the patient’s bloodstream. This material helps to highlight any abnormalities or blockages that may be present in the vessels being studied. The patient is then placed in a special X-ray machine called a C-arm, which rotates around them while taking multiple images from different angles

18.   Unlocking the Mysteries of a PET scan

Its full form is Positron Emission Tomography Scan. It is a powerful diagnostic tool used to detect and diagnose diseases in the body. It is a type of imaging test that uses a radioactive tracer to create detailed 3D images of the inside of the body. The tracer is injected into the patient’s bloodstream and then travels through the body. As it moves through organs and tissues, it emits signals detected by a special camera. This information is then used to create an image of the body’s internal structures.

PET scans help us diagnosing cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, and other conditions that affect organ function. They can also be used to monitor how well treatments for these conditions are working.

• An Inside Look at Fluoroscopy

Fluoroscopy in medical imaging employs X-rays to provide real-time pictures of the body. It is used to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, heart disease, and gastrointestinal disorders. Fluoroscopy can also be used to guide minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies and catheterizations.

During a fluoroscopy procedure, the patient lies on an examination table while an X-ray machine passes radiation through the body. A detector plate detects the radiation and displays a picture on a monitor in real time. This allows the doctor to observe the movement of organs or other structures within the body

• “The Not-so-Narrow Tunnel of Stenosis”

The study provides an in-depth look at the stenosis. Stenosis is a medical condition that occurs when a passageway or opening in the body narrows, such as the spinal canal or an artery. This narrowing can cause pressure on nerves and other structures, leading to pain and other symptoms. Many conditions, including age-related wear and tear of the spine, trauma, tumours, infection, and congenital abnormalities, can cause stenosis.

The most common type of stenosis is lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS). LSS occurs when the spinal canal narrows in the lower back area due to degenerative changes in the spine. This narrowing can pressure the nerves that travel through this area of the spine, causing pain and other symptoms.

• A Cross-Sectional Guide to Imaging Speak

Cross-sectional imaging creates a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the body by combining several images obtained from different angles. It diagnoses and monitors diseases, injuries, and other conditions. Cross-sectional imaging can be used to detect tumours, cysts, fractures, and other abnormalities in the body.

When performing cross-sectional imaging, doctors will often use contrast agents such as barium or iodine to help enhance the visibility of certain areas on the scan. Contrast agents are injected into the patient’s bloodstream before scanning so they can be seen more clearly on the scan.

• Bone Densitometry Classification System

Bone densitometry is a medical imaging technique used to measure the density of bones to diagnose and monitor bone diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO) Bone Densitometry Classification System is commonly used for classifying bone density. This approach was created in 1994 and has subsequently been recognized as the gold standard for measuring bone health by several nations.

The WHO Bone Densitometry Classification System uses a four-level scale to classify bone density. The first level, normal, indicates no signs of osteoporosis or other bone diseases. The second level, low-normal, suggests that there may be some signs of osteoporosis but not enough to warrant treatment. The third level, osteopenia, indicates an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and should be monitored closely. Finally, the fourth level, osteoporosis, indicates an advanced stage of bone loss and requires immediate treatment.

23.   Unraveling the Mysteries of Computed Radiography

Computed radiography (CR) is a digital imaging technique that captures and stores X-ray images. It is an alternative to traditional film-based radiography, which uses photographic film to capture the image. CR technology has revolutionized the field of medical imaging, providing faster, more accurate results than ever before.

CR works by using a special phosphor plate that is exposed to X-rays. The plate absorbs the X-rays and stores them as an electrical charge. This charge is then scanned and turned into digital data, which may be displayed on a computer monitor or printed for further examination.

• Unlocking the Potential of Intraoperative Radiography

Intraoperative radiography (IORT) is a relatively new imaging technique that has the ability to alter how surgeons approach their profession. This technology allows for real-time imaging during surgery, providing surgeons with unprecedented accuracy and precision. IORT can be used to detect small tumours or other abnormalities that may not be visible to the naked eye, allowing for more precise surgical interventions.

The use of IORT in surgery has been steadily increasing over the past few years as its advantages have become more widely known. It is particularly useful in orthopedic surgeries, where it can help guide the placement of screws and other implants. 

• Reimagining Radiography: The Power of Virtual Radiography

Virtual radiography (VR) uses computer-generated images to create detailed 3D models of the body. This allows doctors to quickly and accurately assess a patient’s condition without performing an invasive procedure or taking multiple X-rays. VR also eliminates the need for costly equipment, such as X-ray machines, which can be expensive to maintain and operate.

The use of virtual radiography has already been shown to improve accuracy and reduce costs in many areas of healthcare. For example, it has been used successfully in orthopedic surgery, where it can provide detailed images of bones and joints that are difficult to capture with traditional X-rays. It has also been used in cardiology, which can help identify blockages in arteries without requiring an invasive procedure.

• A Scintillating Look at Scintigraphy

Scintigraphy is a type of imaging technique used to diagnose and monitor various medical conditions. It involves using a radioactive tracer, injected into the body and then detected by a special camera. The camera produces images that can be used to identify areas of abnormal activity in the body, such as tumours or infections.

Scintigraphy has been used for decades to diagnose and monitor diseases such as cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and thyroid disorders. It can also be used to detect bone fractures or other injuries. In addition, scintigraphy can be used to evaluate organ function and detect abnormalities in blood flow.

• The Science behind Doppler Flow Studies

Doppler flow studies are a type of medical imaging technique used to measure the speed and direction of blood flow in the body. This type of study is based on the Doppler Effect, which is an acoustic phenomenon that occurs when sound waves are reflected off moving objects. The Doppler Effect causes a change in the frequency of the sound waves, which can be detected by specialized equipment.

In medical imaging, Doppler flow studies use ultrasound technology to detect changes in blood flow. Ultrasound waves are sent into the body and bounce off red blood cells as they move through vessels. A transducer then picks up the reflected sound waves and converts them into electrical signals that a computer can analyse.

• Examining the Impact of Nuclear Medicine Studies

Nuclear medicine studies are a sort of medical imaging that employs small quantities of radioactive material to diagnose and cure disorders. Nuclear medicine studies can provide valuable information about the functioning of the body’s organs, bones, and other tissues. They are used to detect cancer, heart disease, kidney disease, and other conditions.

The use of nuclear medicine studies has increased significantly over the past few decades due to technological advances and an increased understanding of their potential benefits. However, there is still some debate about whether they should be used more widely.

• Take a Peek inside Apnea Imaging: A Visual Journey

Apnea imaging is a type of medical imaging that uses specialized techniques to visualize the airways and lungs. It is used to diagnose and monitor obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition in which a person’s breathing stops and starts during sleep. Apnea imaging can be performed using X-rays, computed tomography (CT) scans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or ultrasound.

X-Rays: X-rays are the most commonly used form of apnea imaging. They provide detailed images of the chest and lungs, allowing doctors to identify any blockages or abnormalities in the airway. X-rays are quick and easy to perform, but they provide less detail than other forms of apnea imaging.

• Anatomical Orientation: Coronal, Sagittal, Transverse

Anatomical orientation is a term used to describe the three-dimensional orientation of body structures, organs, and tissues. Medical professionals need to understand anatomical orientation to diagnose and treat patients accurately. The three main orientations are coronal, sagittal, and transverse.

The coronal orientation is referred to as a plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. This plane runs from side to side, perpendicular to the body’s long axis. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from the front or back.

Sagittal orientation describes a plane that divides the body into left and right halves. This plane runs from head to toe along the body’s long axis. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from the side.

Transverse orientation describes a plane that divides the body into upper and lower sections. This plane runs across the body’s width, perpendicular to both coronal and sagittal planes. In this orientation, structures are viewed as if looking at them from above or below.

• Seeing Through the Mysteries of Radiopaque Materials

Radiopaque materials are substances that can be seen on X-ray imaging. These materials are used in a variety of medical and industrial applications, from diagnosing medical conditions to inspecting the integrity of pipelines. Radiopaque materials have unique properties that make them invaluable for these purposes, but what exactly makes them so special?

At its most basic level, radiopacity is the ability of a material to absorb X-rays and appear opaque on an X-ray image. The atomic structure of the material determines this property; some elements are naturally more radiopaque than others. For example, iodine is one of the most radiopaque elements, while carbon is relatively transparent to X-rays.

The most common type of radiopaque material used in medical imaging is barium sulfate. Barium sulfate has a high atomic number and therefore absorbs X-rays very well.

• Exploring Paracentric Radiation Therapy

Paracentric radiation therapy is a type of external beam radiation therapy used to treat cancer. It is a specialized form of radiotherapy that uses multiple beams of radiation from different angles to target the tumour while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This technique has been used for many years in treating various types of cancer, including prostate, breast, lung, and head and neck cancers.

The paracentric approach utilizes several beams of radiation focused on the tumour from different angles. This allows for more precise tumour targeting while minimizing damage to nearby healthy tissue. The beams can be directed to varying depths within the body, allowing for more effective treatment of tumours located deep within the body.

• Achieving Optimal Clarity with Isotropic Resolution

Isotropic resolution refers to the ability of an imaging system to capture images with equal resolution in all directions. This means that the image will have the same level of detail regardless of the orientation or angle from which it is viewed.

The most common way to achieve isotropic resolution is through the use of multiple cameras, each capturing a different angle of view. By combining these images, a single image can be created that has equal detail in all directions. This technique is often used in medical imaging, allowing doctors tto understand better what they are looking at and make more accurate diagnoses.

• Taking a Closer Look at the Future of Tomosynthesis Scanning

Tomosynthesis scanning is a revolutionary imaging technique that has the potential to revolutionize medical diagnosis. This technology uses X-ray beams to create three-dimensional images of the body, allowing doctors to see more detail than ever before. Tomosynthesis scanning has already been used in mammography and is now being explored for use in other areas of medicine, such as orthopedics and cardiology.

Tomosynthesis scanning can also be used to detect diseases or conditions that may not appear on traditional X-rays. For example, tomosynthesis scans can detect small lesions or calcifications that may indicate breast cancer before they become visible on standard mammograms.

• Multiplanar Imaging: An Innovative Take on Diagnostics

Multiplanar imaging is an innovative approach to medical diagnostics that has revolutionized the way doctors and radiologists view and interpret images of the body. This technique combines multiple imaging modalities, such as MRI, CT, and ultrasound, to create a three-dimensional (3D) representation of the body’s anatomy. It allows for more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning by providing a comprehensive view of the patient’s condition.

The multiplanar imaging technique was first developed in the early 2000s to improve diagnostic accuracy and reduce radiation exposure. Multiplanar imaging is beneficial for diagnosing complex conditions such as cancer or heart disease. For example, it can help doctors determine if a tumour is malignant or benign by providing detailed information about its size, shape, and location within the body.

• Getting Radial: A Guide to Mastering Imaging Algorithms

Radial imaging algorithms are a powerful tool for medical professionals, allowing them to quickly and accurately diagnose a wide range of conditions. Radial imaging algorithms use mathematical equations to create images from data collected by medical devices such as MRI scanners or ultrasound machines. These images can then be used to diagnose diseases, detect abnormalities, and monitor the progress of treatments.

Radial imaging algorithms are based on the concept of “radial symmetry” – the idea that an object can be rotated around its center point without changing its shape or size. This allows medical professionals to take multiple images from different angles and combine them into one image that shows the entire object in detail. This is especially useful for diagnosing complex conditions such as tumors or heart defects, where multiple angles may be needed to get an accurate picture.

• Getting to the Core of Molecular Imaging

Molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field of medical science that has the potential to revolutionize the way we diagnose and treat diseases. Molecular imaging is a type of imaging technology that uses specialized techniques to visualize and measure molecular processes in living organisms. It is used to detect and monitor changes in biological systems at the molecular level, allowing for more accurate diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

Molecular imaging can study various biological processes, such as gene expression, protein synthesis, cell metabolism, and drug delivery. It can also be used to detect changes in tissue structure or function due to disease or injury. By providing detailed information about the underlying biology of a disease, molecular imaging can help physicians make more informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment.

• Exploring the Potential of Teleradiology Systems

Teleradiology systems are becoming increasingly popular in the medical field as they offer several advantages over traditional radiology services. Teleradiology is the practice of sending images and other medical data from one location to another via electronic means. This technology has revolutionized how radiologists can care for patients, allowing them to access imaging studies from any location with an internet connection.

Additionally, teleradiology systems allow for faster diagnosis and treatment decisions due to their ability to transmit images quickly between multiple locations. This can be especially beneficial in emergencies where time is of the essence.

• Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) in Radiology

Computer Assisted Diagnosis (CAD) in radiology is a rapidly growing field of medical imaging technology. It involves using computer algorithms to analyze medical images and provide diagnostic information to radiologists. CAD systems are designed to detect abnormalities in medical images, such as tumours or lesions, and can be used to assist radiologists in making more accurate diagnoses.

Advances in computer technology and artificial intelligence have fueled the development of CAD systems (AI). AI algorithms are used to analyze medical images and identify patterns that may indicate an abnormality. These algorithms can also be trained on large datasets of medical images to improve their accuracy over time.

• Exploring New Radio-Pharmaceutical Drugs to Improve Care

The development of new radio-pharmaceutical drugs has been a major focus of medical research in recent years. Radio-pharmaceutical drugs are pharmaceuticals that contain radioactive elements, which allow them to be used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. These drugs can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and neurological disorders and treat certain conditions.

Radiopharmaceuticals have the potential to transform healthcare delivery by enabling more accurate diagnostic and treatment choices. For example, they can be used to detect cancer at an earlier stage than traditional imaging techniques, allowing for earlier intervention and improved outcomes. They can also target specific body areas with radiation therapy or chemotherapy, reducing side effects and improving patient comfort.

• Developing Protocols for Diagnostic Procedures and Interventions

Interoperability solutions for radiology involve the use of standards-based protocols and technologies to enable the sharing of medical images, patient records, and other data between different systems. This includes both hardware and software components, such as image viewers, digital archiving systems, and communication networks. Using these solutions, radiologists can access patient information from any location to make informed decisions about diagnosis and treatment.

One example of an interoperability solution for radiology is the Digital Imaging Network Architecture (DINA). DINA is a set of standards developed by the American College of Radiology (ACR) that enables the secure exchange of medical images between different systems. It also supports various imaging modalities, including X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, ultrasound, PET scans, and nuclear medicine scans.

42.   Spectroscopy: An Introduction to the Science of Spectra

Spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to identify and quantify the chemical composition of a sample. It works by measuring the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter, which can be used to determine the structure, composition, and physical properties of a material. Spectroscopy is widely used in many fields, such as chemistry, physics, astronomy, medicine, and engineering.

Spectroscopy involves the use of light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation to measure the energy levels of atoms or molecules in a sample. This information can then be used to determine the chemical composition and structure of the sample. The type of spectroscopic technique used depends on the type of radiation being measured (e.g., visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light) and what kind of information is desired from the sample (e.g., molecular structure or elemental composition).

43.   Nomenclature of X-Ray Imaging Tracers

X-ray imaging tracers are substances used to visualize and diagnose medical conditions. They are usually given intravenously and identified using X-ray imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) or fluoroscopy. The nomenclature of these tracers is important for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Tracer nomenclature is based on the type of atom that is being imaged. For example, an “iodine” tracer would contain iodine atoms, while a “barium” tracer would contain barium atoms. Other common elements in X-ray imaging tracers include gadolinium, technetium, and thallium.

The name of the tracer also includes information about its chemical structure. For example, a “diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid” (DTPA) tracer contains five carboxylic acid groups attached to an amine group. This type of tracer is often used to image kidney function because it binds strongly to certain metals in the body, such as calcium and iron.

44.   Exploring Effective Radiation Therapy Processes

Radiation therapy is a type of cancer treatment in which high-energy radiation is used to destroy cancer cells. It is a successful treatment for many forms of cancer, and it can be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies, including surgery and chemotherapy. The radiation therapy process involves several steps, from the initial consultation to the completion of treatment.

Consultation with a radiation oncologist is the first step, who will assess the patient’s condition and determine if radiation therapy is an appropriate treatment option. During this consultation, the doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of radiation therapy and any potential side effects.

The next step in the process is a simulation, which helps create a 3D image of the tumor so doctors can accurately target it with radiation beams during treatment. During simulation, patients are asked to lie still on a table while images are taken from multiple angles using X-rays or CT scans. This information is then used to create a 3D model of the tumor so that doctors can precisely direct radiation beams at it during treatment sessions.

Once the simulation has been completed, patients begin their actual course of radiation therapy treatments. These treatments typically last between 10-30 minutes each day for several weeks, depending on the type and severity of the cancer being treated. During each session, patients lie still on a table. At the same time, beams of high-energy X-rays are directed at them from multiple angles using sophisticated machines called linear accelerators (or LINACs).          

About The Author

Related Posts

Corporate finance research topics.

Animal Biochemistry Research Topics

Plant Biochemistry Research Topics

Physics Research Topics

Environmental Science Research Topics

Microeconomics Research Paper Topics

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

• Brownell Lab
• Brugarolas Lab
• Elmaleh Lab
• Johnson Lab
• Normandin Lab
• Santarnecchi Lab
• Sepulcre Lab
• Technical Staff
• Administrative Staff
• Collaborators
• Publications

Image Generation and Clinical Assessment

• PET and SPECT Instrumentation

Multimodal MRI Research

Quantitative pet-mr imaging.

• Quantitative PET/SPECT

Machine Learning for Anatomical imaging

• Therapy Imaging Program

Pharmaco-Kinetic Modeling

Monitoring radiotherapy with pet.

• Radiochemistry Discovery
• Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program
• Video Lectures
• T32 Postgraduate Training Program in Medical Imaging (PTPMI)
• The Gordon Speaker Series
• Translation
• Covid-19 response
• Recent Seminars
• Awards and Honors
• Recent Publications
• Other News Items
• Grant Proposals
• Grant Related FAQs
• Travel Policies
• Purchasing and Other Daily Operations
• Human Resources
• Contact Forms
• Science Resources
• Computing Resources
• File Repository
• Seminar Sign Up

Research Topics

The Gordon Center is conducting work at the forefront of quantitative PET in brain, oncologic and cardiac imaging. This webpage summarizes some of the research performed in the Center in kinetic modeling of neurotransmission, cardiac perfusion and mitochondrial function, simultaneous PET-MR imaging, in-room PET monitoring of proton therapy, high sensitivity/resolution brain imaging, quantitative dual tracer PET and SPECT, and objective assessment of image quality for estimation and detection tasks. More information about our research areas can be found in the links below.

PET-CT and SPECT Instrumentation

Quantitative PET-CT and SPECT-CT

Therapy Imaging Program (TIP)

Radiochemistry Discovery and Multifunctional Nanomaterials

Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program

Areas of Research

The Department of Radiology has a robust research enterprise, with our faculty members and trainees taking part in scientific advances in a number of areas. Browse our Areas of Research below to learn more about our current work within each topic.

Advanced Body Imaging

Breast Imaging

Cardiovascular & Thoracic Imaging

Interventional Radiology & Image-Guided Therapy

Molecular, Preclinical & Nanomedicine

Musculoskeletal Imaging

Neuroimaging & Interventions

Oncologic Imaging

Quantitative Image Analysis & Artificial Intelligence

Research faculty,   bradley allen, md, ms.

Chief of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging in the Department of Radiology

Assistant Professor of   Radiology (Cardiovascular and Thoracic Imaging)  

My research and clinical interests include medical imaging, cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer, fluid mechanics, and computer science. As a cardiothoracic radiologist, I am interested in applying advanced imaging techniques, primarily cardiovascular and pulmonary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in diseases, cohorts, and clinical scenarios where these techniques have not been previously applied. For further details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

For more information on my research, please view my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile .

Profile, Grants, & Publications

View my profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

  Ulas Bagci, PhD

Associate Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

View my profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars.

  Yu Fen Chen, PhD

Research Assistant Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My research focuses on applications of MR perfusion methods such as arterial spin labeling (ASL) or dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) imaging. Some of my projects include using ASL to study brain changes after sports-related concussion, treatment-related recovery in aphasia patients and single dose DSC-DCE.

  Donald Robinson Cantrell, MD, PhD

Assistant Professor of  Radiology (Neurointerventional Radiology)

For more information on my research, please view my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile.

  Mohammed Elbaz, PhD

Assistant Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My expertise intersects between computer science, medical imaging and applied fluid dynamics. I have 12+ years of experience in medical image analysis research and development in both academia and industry. Recently, I have been focusing my research on cardiovascular hemodynamics, where I employ my technical background in medical image analysis, cardiovascular 4D flow MRI and fluid dynamics to develop methods to improve diagnosis and treatment of heart disease using the state-of-the-art 4D Flow MRI technology. In particular,I have developed methods to utilize 4D Flow MRI for advanced visualization and quantification of 3D time-resolved intra-cardiac blood flow patterns and energetics. For further details, visit my lab's website or the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

  Laleh Golestani Rad, PhD

Assistant Professor of  McCormick School of Engineering ,  Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences  and  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

I am an engineer and scientist with expertise in the application of computational electromagnetic techniques for the safety assessment of medical imaging and therapeutic devices. My work currently focuses on application of computational modeling to guide hardware design, safety assessments, and the optimization of imaging protocols for MRI scans in patients with conductive implants.

For more information on my research, please view my McCormick School of Engineering or my Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profiles.

  Kelly Jarvis, PhD

Research Assistant Professor of  Radiology

  Jeesoo Lee, PhD

With a mechanical engineering Ph.D. background, my expertise lies in flow imaging and analysis for experimental fluid dynamics investigation. My key research interest is developing a multimodality quantitative cardiovascular flow assessment technique to understand cardiovascular fluid dynamics better and improve the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. My current work focuses on combining 4D flow MRI, echocardiography, and in-vitro flow modeling to understand valvular heart diseases better.

For more information on my research, please view my   Feinberg School of Medicine faculty profile .

View my profile, grants, & publications on   Northwestern Scholars .

  Daniel Kim, PhD

Knight Family Professor of Cardiac Imaging

Professor of   Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)   and   McCormick School of Engineering

I am the Director of CV Imaging at the Center for Translational Imaging. My research focuses on development of rapid MRI acquisition and reconstruction methods to address unmet needs in cardiovascular medicine. Our lab focuses on breaking new grounds in cardiovascular MRI by developing innovative pulse sequences and reconstruction methods to address unmet clinical needs in cardiovascular medicine. Building upon active collaboration with radiology and cardiology colleagues, our research activities span from imaging technology development to clinical translation in cardiovascular medicine.

Currently, ongoing projects include:

• Role of diffuse LV fibrosis in patients with atrial fibrillation
• Real-time CMR for diagnosing CAD
• Rapid pediatric CMR without requiring contrast agent or anesthesia
• Advanced CMR assessment of left atrial hemodynamic disorders in atrial fibrillation
• Wideband CMR for predicting pre-implant right heart failure in LVAD candidates
• Wideband CMR for imaging patients with ICDs

For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

  Dong-Hyun Kim, PhD

Associate Professor of   Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

Image-guided medicine is rapidly growing to improve treatment regimens and advancing medical imaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), radiography, ultrasound, positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). A combination of modern nanoplatforms with high performance in imaging and therapeutics may be critical to improve medical outcomes.

One of emerging fields is image-guided therapy using various nanoparticles. Therapies include basic bench, preclinical in vitro/in vivo and clinical researches combining synthesis of multifunctional nanoparticle and tracking/navigation tools to improve accuracy and outcomes of the therapeutics. Most of the emerging interventional technique such as heat-activated targeted drug delivery, image guided ablation (microwave or HIFU), percutaneous injection gene/bacteria therapy, transcatheter treatments for tumor specific local therapy, serial biopsy, thrombolytic therapy, and so on, can be combined with nanotechnology in clinic.

My research engages in careful design/selection/synthesis of multifunctional imaging/therapeutic nanomaterials with therapeutic agents will be critical for the translational optimization these new image guided medicine techniques. The DHKIM Lab for Biomaterials​ of Image Guided NanoMedicine has focused on developing various therapeutic/imaging carriers for the treatment of various cancers. Micro/Nanoparticles and their hybrid derivatives have been exploited as vectors for drug/therapeutic delivery and molecular imaging agents of MRI, CT, ultrasound and luminescent/fluorescents. We are working closely with clinicians, medical scientists, biologist and imaging professionals to translate new therapeutic approaches using multifunctional carriers and diagnostic imaging technique to the clinical setting.

Lab Manager: Xiaoke Huang

  Amber Leaver, PhD

Research Associate Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

The INMRI research group founded by Dr. Leaver at Northwestern conducts precision neuroimaging research to understand and improve electrical neuromodulation therapies. Our studies encompass several topics spanning mental health and depression, chronic idiopathic tinnitus, noninvasive electrical neuromodulation technologies, and best practices in applied connectomics. Details about my projects can be found on the Leaver Lab website .

View my profile, Grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

  Kai Lin, MD, MS

I have a broad background in quantitative cardiovascular imaging, with specific training and expertise in coronary artery MRI. My research is focusing of identify subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients suffering type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, I am also interested in evaluating regional myocardial changes in patients with various clinical or subclinical cardiovascular diseases. Recently, I am developing research projects for evaluating cardiovascular responses in treating cancers, immunological and neurodegenerative disorders, such as breast cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD).​ For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

  Michael Markl, PhD

Vice Chair for Research, Department of Radiology

Lester B. and Frances T. Knight Professor of Cardiac Imaging

Professor of   Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research) / McCormick School of Engineering

I am currently the Vice Chair of Research for the Department of Radiology. I have established a strong interdisciplinary research consortium. My research has had a major impact on the diagnosis and management of heart disease and stroke including 1) development of novel imaging techniques for the assessment of cardiac structure, function and hemodynamics, and 2) discovery of mechanisms underlying cardiovascular diseases development and cryptogenic stroke (aortic hemodynamics as a mechanism in the development of BAV aortopathy; retrograde embolization from aortic plaques and left atrial flow dynamics in atrial fibrillation as risk factors for stroke). I am internationally recognized as the pioneer of 4D flow MRI and work in this area has advanced the understanding of cardiovascular disease processes as well as enhanced patient care. I have created a highly successful and inseminating training environment in MRI technique development and translational imaging research. For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page .

  Todd Parrish, PhD

Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research) ,  McCormick School of Engineering  and  Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences

I have a strong expertise in image processing and neuroimaging with a special emphasis on MR based methods. My group and I have been successful in using advanced neuroimaging methods to demonstrate changes in BOLD, diffusion, perfusion, magnetization transfer and structural measures associated with function, memory and learning in the brain as well as movement, sensory, and pain in the spinal cord. I have a long history of methods development and application of neuroimaging methods to pathologic and clinical conditions. My current interests are developing novel methodologies to explore brain physiology to generate new imaging techniques to study the brain. These areas include neurovascular physiology, perfusion/permeability in tissue, multimodal imaging and image analysis, mechanisms of spinal cord structure and function, the use of infrared thermometry for intraoperative functional mapping in awake surgery, and application of machine learning to medical images. I have extensive experience conducting multi-center neuroimaging studies and understand the issues well.​ For details and images, visit the Parrish Neuroimaging Laboratory .

  Daniele Procissi, PhD

Research Professor of  Radiology (Basic and Translational Radiology Research)

My research projects focuses on preclinical Molecular Imaging using MRI, PET and CT.

View my Profile, grants, & publications on Northwestern Scholars .

  Ann Ragin, PhD

My research projects include Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging strategies for in vivo measurement of the brain to investigate effects of aging and of viruses, particularly HIV infection. Brain network analysis to investigate effects of aging and for early detection of neural injury. Collaborative projects involve applications of 4D flow imaging to investigate alterations in cerebral blood flow and relation to brain status. For details and images, visit the Northwestern CVMRI Group page.

  Yury Velichko, PhD

My scientific interests overlap in the areas of biomaterials, anticancer drug development, quantitative imaging and therapeutic response assessment. With a background in molecular physics and informatics, I strive to apply concepts from one field to questions in another. I am also the manager of the Quantitative Imaging Core Laboratory (QICL) at Northwestern University - Feinberg School of Medicine.

  Lirong Yan, PhD

Dr. Yan is a tenured Associate Professor of Radiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine. Before she joined Northwestern University in 2022, she was a tenure-track Assistant Professor at the University of Southern California. Dr. Yan directs the Laboratory for Neurovascular Imaging Technology and Translation (NITT)  at Department of Radiology. The research of her group focuses on developing novel MRI techniques for cerebral vascular and perfusion imaging (e.g., arterial spin labeling). Her research expertise includes MRI pulse sequence development, fast image acquisition and reconstruction, image processing, etc. Over the last decade, Dr. Yan and her team have developed several cutting-edged MRI techniques, including non-contrast enhanced time-resolved rapid 4-dimensional MR angiography, cerebrovascular territory mapping, cerebral arterial compliance and pulsatility, concurrent BOLD/ASL, etc.

Dr. Yan is also interested in translating novel MRI technology into a variety of clinical applications, such as cerebrovascular disease (stroke, intracranial atherosclerosis, arteriovenous malformation, moyamoya disease) and neurodegenerative disease (Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, aging). The mission of Dr. Yan’s research program is to develop non-invasive diagnostic MR imaging tools for cerebrovascular diseases and new imaging biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.

Follow Radiology on Facebook Twitter Instagram LinkedIn

Unveiling Trends in Radiology Science and Education | RSNA 2023

Find rsna 2023 sessions highlighting the latest advances in medical imaging.

RSNA 2023: Leading Through Change will bring together an international community of medical imaging professionals and industry partners and will help you stay up to date with the latest radiology advancements.

Featuring over 300 educational courses and more than 3,500 scientific papers, education exhibits and science posters, RSNA 2023 will also include an engaging line-up of plenary speakers sharing insights on the topics that are most relevant to today’s radiologists.

This year, the Technical Exhibits halls are home to more than 650 exhibitors, including over 100 first-time exhibitors. This group of welcome newcomers is comprised of recruiters and academic institutions as well as a variety of industry partners who are excited to share their products and services with you. Come see their offering of next-generation imaging modalities, AI, interoperability, workflow, 3D printing, automation and staffing solutions.

To help attendees plan for RSNA 2023, Jorge Soto, MD, chair of the RSNA Annual Meeting Program Planning Committee (AMPPC) provides a preview of this year’s trending topics. Dr. Soto notes that regardless of your subspecialty or career stage, there is something for everyone at RSNA 2023.

“Members of our committee performed an exhaustive review of the hundreds of abstract submissions,” Dr. Soto said. “It is exciting to have a first-hand look at the breadth and depth of work being done by our global colleagues and to realize the impact this work might have on our profession.”

Watch Dr. Soto discuss this year's RSNA 2023 meeting highlights: 

In addition to a strong response to the initial call for abstracts, many submissions were received for a second abstract call that focused on late breaking research in the areas of generative AI, sustainability in imaging, imaging of immunotherapy and theranostics.

Sessions selected from the second call will be featured in the Learning Center theaters throughout the week. “After introducing the Learning Center Theater last year for the presentation of research selected during our second call, we are pleased to announce the addition of a second Learning Center Theater to accommodate schedules and seating for this popular new feature,” Dr. Soto said.

Which topics are trending for RSNA 2023?

“Trends vary somewhat, depending on your subspecialty, but applications of AI and photon-counting CT have been popular across nearly every subspecialty,” Dr. Soto said. “Theranostics is also increasing in popularity along with the use of large language models for a variety of different uses.”

Attendees will also enjoy a wide selection of non-interpretive sessions that will help them sharpen skills beyond imaging. With radiology professionals continuing to focus on ensuring equitable access to health care for all patient populations and understanding diversity, equity and inclusion, sessions throughout the week will be available for attendees interested in making changes at their own institutions and practices.

“We’ll have several experts sharing useful insights and ideas for improving in the areas of DEI and health equity,” Dr. Soto said. “These sessions can be thought-provoking both from the research and clinical perspectives.”

Dr. Soto noted that in addition to the latest research, attendees can also rely on the annual meeting for a robust offering of CME opportunities. “Both in-person and virtual participants will experience an immersive week filled with chances to discover, connect, learn and grow,” Dr. Soto said. “We look forward to providing this world-class experience to our world-class attendees.”

Wondering where to get started? Use this handy quick-reference guide developed with the assistance of AMPPC members to find trending topics and recommended sessions by subspecialty.

Trends by Subspecialty Practice Area

Breast Imaging

Cardiac Imaging

Chest Imaging

Gastrointestinal Imaging

Head & Neck Imaging

Imaging Informatics

Interventional Radiology

Multisystem Imaging

Musculoskeletal radiology.

Noninterpretive/Practice Management

Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging

Neuroradiology

Pediatric Radiology

Radiation Oncology

OB/Gynecology Imaging

Vascular Imaging

Associated Sciences/ASRT

Look for these additional topics captivating attention in radiology .

For More Information

Register for the meeting.

Review the RSNA 2023 Program .

Read RSNA News stories about RSNA 2023:

• RSNA 2023 Technical Exhibits Highlight Latest Medical Imaging Innovations
• Registration Is Open for RSNA Labs

Annual Meeting Planning Committee

Information for this preview was provided by annual meeting program planning committee members:

Jorge A. Soto, MD, chair

Stamatia V. Destounis, MD, chair

Hiroyuki Abe, MD

Wendy B. Demartini, MD

Thomas H. Helbich, MD, MBA

Cherie M. Kuzmiak, DO

Katja Pinker-Domenig, MD, PhD

Karen G. Ordovas, MD, MS, chair

Carole J. Dennie, MD, FRCPC

Diana Litmanovich, MD

Michael F. Morris, MD

Ming-Yen Ng, MBBS

Prabhakar Rajiah, MD, FRCR

Ioannis Vlahos, FRCR, MBBS,

Saurabh Agarwal, MD

Kristopher W. Cummings, MD

Travis S. Henry MD

Jane P. Ko, MD

Anastasia Oikonomou, MD, PhD

Emergency Radiology Imaging

Manickam Kumaravel, MD, FRCR, chair

Krystal Archer-Arroyo, MD

Christina A. LeBedis, MD

Koenraad H. Nieboer, MD

Claire K. Sandstrom, MD

Scott D. Steenburg, MD

Courtney C. Moreno, MD, chair

Lauren M. Burke, MD

Aya Kamaya, MD

Avinash R. Kambadakone, MD, FRCR

Jeong Min Lee, MD, PhD

Motoyo Yano, MD, PhD

Genitourinary Imaging

Antonio C. Westphalen, MD, chair

Tharakeswara K. Bathala, MD, MS

Atul B. Shinagare, MD

Kerry L. Thomas, MD

Angela Tong, MD

Stefanie Weinstein, MD

Hillary R. Kelly, MD, chair

Paul M. Bunch, MD

Nicholas A. Koontz, MD

Luke N. Ledbetter, MD

Osamu Sakai, MD, PhD

Christopher J. Roth, MD, chair

Imon Banerjee, PhD

Dania Daye, MD, PhD

Marta E. Heilbrun, MD, MS

Felipe C. Kitamura, MD, PhD

Nina E. Kottler, MD, MS

Julius Chapiro, MD, PhD, chair

Rony Avritscher, MD

Juan C. Camacho, MD

Anne M. Covey, MD

Elika Kashef, FRCR

Gloria M. Salazar, MD

Multisystem

Margarita V. Rezvin, MD, MS, chair

Ichiro Ikuta, MD, MMedSc

Yuliya Lakhman, MD

Nariman Nezami, MD

Stacy E. Smith, MD

Carolyn L. Wang, MD

Musculoskeletal Imaging

Linda Probyn, MD, chair

Hillary W. Garner, MD

Andrew J. Grainger, MD, FRCR

Soterios Gyftopoulos, MD, MBA

Emma L. Rowbotham, FRCR, MBBChir

Reto Sutter, MD

Ajay Gupta, MD, chair

Hediyeh Baradaran, MD, MS

Nancy Pham, MD

Luca Saba, MD

Achala S. Vagal, MD

Max Wintermark, MD

Stella Kang, MD, MSc, chair

Matthew D. Bucknor, MD

Cheri L. Canon, MD

Melissa A. Davis, MD, MBA

Jessica G. Fried, MD

Jeffrey G. Jarvik, MD, MPH

Jay R. Parikh, MD

Vinay Prabhu, MD, MS

Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging

Don C. Yoo, MD, chair

Esma A. Akin, MD

Pedram Heidari, MD

Phillip H. Kuo, MD, PhD

Helen R. Nadel, MD, FRCPC

Aileen O’Shea, FFR(RCSI), MBBCh

Deborah Levine, MD, chair

Susan M. Ascher, MD

Edward R. Oliver, MD, PhD

Liina Poder, MD

Caroline Reinhold, MD, MSc

Elizabeth A. Sadowski, MD

Pediatric Imaging

Andrea S. Doria, MD, PhD, chair

Teresa Chapman, MD, MA

Emilio Inarejos Clemente, MD

Amy R. Mehollin-Ray, MD

Ricardo Restrepo, MD

Marcelo S. Takahashi, MD

Guang-Hong Chen, PhD, chair

James M. Kofler, Jr., PhD

Zheng Feng Lu, PhD

Erin B. Macdonald, PhD

Lifeng Yu, PhD

Anna Shapiro, MD, chair

Megan J. Kalambo, MD

Simon S. Lo, MBBCh

Suresh K. Mukherji, MD, MBA

Tarita O. Thomas, MD, PhD

Meng X. Welliver, MD

Kate Hanneman, MD, MPH, chair

Bradley D. Allen, MD, MS

Jordi Broncano, MD

Nicholas S. Burris, MD

Brian B. Ghoshhajra, MD, MBA

Jody Shen, MD

• Open access
• Published: 10 January 2024

What works in radiology education for medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis

• Stuart W.T. Wade 1 , 2 ,
• Gary M. Velan   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-6663 2 , 3 ,
• Nicodemus Tedla   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8226-8064 2 ,
• Nancy Briggs   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-0807 4 &
• Michelle Moscova   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7186-4242 3  

BMC Medical Education volume  24 , Article number:  51 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

1025 Accesses

Metrics details

Medical imaging related knowledge and skills are widely used in clinical practice. However, radiology teaching methods and resultant knowledge among medical students and junior doctors is variable. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to compare the impact of different components of radiology teaching methods (active versus passive teaching, eLearning versus traditional face-to-face teaching) on radiology knowledge / skills of medical students.

PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles published in English over a 15-year period ending in June 2021 quantitatively comparing the effectiveness of undergraduate medical radiology education programs regarding acquisition of knowledge and/or skills. Study quality was appraised by the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) scoring and analyses performed to assess for risk of bias. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to pool weighted effect sizes across studies and I 2 statistics quantified heterogeneity. A meta-regression analysis was performed to assess for sources of heterogeneity.

From 3,052 articles, 40 articles involving 6,242 medical students met inclusion criteria. Median MERSQI score of the included articles was 13 out of 18 possible with moderate degree of heterogeneity (I 2  = 93.42%). Thematic analysis suggests trends toward synergisms between radiology and anatomy teaching, active learning producing superior knowledge gains compared with passive learning and eLearning producing equivalent learning gains to face-to-face teaching. No significant differences were detected in the effectiveness of methods of radiology education. However, when considered with the thematic analysis, eLearning is at least equivalent to traditional face-to-face teaching and could be synergistic.

Conclusions

Studies of educational interventions are inherently heterogeneous and contextual, typically tailored to specific groups of students. Thus, we could not draw definitive conclusion about effectiveness of the various radiology education interventions based on the currently available data. Better standardisation in the design and implementation of radiology educational interventions and design of radiology education research are needed to understand aspects of educational design and delivery that are optimal for learning.

Trial registration

Prospero registration number CRD42022298607.

Peer Review reports

Diagnostic imaging interpretation is an essential skill for medical graduates, as imaging is frequently utilised in medical practice. However, radiology is often under-represented in medical curricula [ 1 , 2 ]. Exposure to radiology education in medical school could result in better understanding of the role of imaging, leading to benefits such as enhanced selection of imaging, timely diagnosis and, subsequently, improved patient care [ 1 ]. There is no consensus as to how radiology should be taught in undergraduate medical programs, and methods vary widely across the globe [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Great diversity exists in radiology topics taught, the stage of learning at which radiology is introduced to students, and the training of those teaching radiology [ 7 , 8 ]. In addition to traditional lectures, small group tutorials, case conferences or clerkship models, many newer methods of delivering radiology education have been described [ 1 , 5 , 9 , 10 ]. These include eLearning, flipped classrooms and in diagnostic reasoning simulator programs [ 1 , 11 ].

Radiology is particularly suited to eLearning, given the digitisation of medical imaging and its ease of incorporation into eLearning resources [ 1 ]. eLearning can provide easy access to radiology education, regardless of students’ location and has been increasingly utilized, particularly following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic [ 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In addition to delivery methods, other factors may influence effectiveness of radiology education, including active or passive method of instruction, instructor expertise and content complexity.

Many studies looked at individual educational interventions, typically confined to a single cohort with limited sample size, making it difficult to make recommendations on how radiology education should be delivered. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the factors associated with effective radiology knowledge or skill acquisition by undergraduate medical students. We analysed teaching methods, modes of delivery, instructor expertise, content taught, medical student experience / seniority, and the methods of assessment as outlined in Supplementary Material 1 .

This study utilised a prospectively designed protocol which is in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement [ 15 ]. Ethics approval was not required as this is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Search identification

A systematic search strategy was designed to identify articles evaluating knowledge and / or skill acquisition following radiology education interventions for medical students. With the assistance of a university librarian, PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for articles dating from January 2006 to the time of review in June 2021 using the search terms listed in Table  1 . Initial screening was performed by a single reviewer (SW), limiting the studies to articles written in English. Abstracts were screened and where ambiguity existed, the full articles were reviewed. Where full text articles were not available, the corresponding authors were contacted for a copy. Duplicate articles and those where full text versions could not be obtained were removed.

Study eligibility and inclusion

The shortlisted articles were reviewed by two authors (SW, NT) according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria which are summarised in outlined in Table  2 . The articles were discussed by the authors and where ambiguity existed, consensus was achieved following discussion with a third author (MM).Where missing data precluded calculation of the effect size of an educational intervention, several attempts were made to contact corresponding authors via email. If no response was received, the article was excluded. Cohen’s D effect sizes were calculated from available data, then independently reviewed by a statistician.

Quality assessment

The methodological quality of all articles meeting the inclusion criteria were quantitatively assessed using the Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument (MERSQI) [ 16 ]. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane collaboration risk of bias assessment tools: Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias for randomized trials (RoB 2) [ 17 ] and Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-1) [ 18 ]. Tabulated representations were constructed using the Risk-of-bias visualization (robvis) [ 19 ] package.

Data extraction

Data extracted included publication details, sample sizes, medical students’ seniority, instructor expertise, educational delivery methods, radiology content and methods of assessment. A more comprehensive description can be found in Supplementary Material ( 1 ) Extracted data points are defined in Supplementary Material ( 2 ) Cohen’s D effect sizes were recorded when published or calculated from available data.

Many studies employed several methods of educational delivery. If the intervention group received an educational resource (e.g. eLearning) in addition to an educational activity shared by both intervention and control groups (e.g. lecture), then only the additional activity (i.e. eLearning) was included in the comparison analysis. When two reviewers were undecided about how to classify data extracted from a study, the outcome would be resolved by consensus after review by a third author (MM). If disagreement remained, attempts to contact the authors for additional information were made. If a final determination was unable to be made, the study was excluded.

Data synthesis

A random effects meta-analysis model was used to obtain the pooled estimate of the standardised mean difference (SMD) based on Cohen’s D effect size calculations. Heterogeneity was quantified by I² statistics, which estimate the percentage of variability across studies not due to chance. Evidence of publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and regression tests. A meta-regression analysis was performed to examine the possible sources of heterogeneity and the association between study factors and the intervention effect (SMD). All statistical analyses were performed with R version 4.1.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing Vienna Austria) using the R package metafor 2010.

All effect sizes were expressed as Cohen’s D which were interpreted as 0.2 for small, 0.5 for moderate and ≥ 0.8 as a large effect size.

The search terms yielded 3052 articles. Initial screening of titles and abstracts excluded 2684 articles due to irrelevance, leaving 368 for further screening. Of these articles, 82 were removed as 74 were duplicates and 8 were unavailable in our library and unable to be obtained via interlibrary loans, resulting in 286 articles for review. Of these, 246 articles were excluded as 238 did not meet inclusion criteria and 8 had insufficient information to calculate effect sizes despite attempts to contact the corresponding authors. A majority of studies were excluded as they did not address undergraduate medical student populations, measured subjective measures (e.g., student opinions) or involved research interventions without a control group. In many cases, studies were excluded due to a combination of factors not meeting inclusion criteria. In total, 40 articles were included for final review. A summary of the process is outlined in Fig.  1 .

Flowchart of the systematic literature search. The search terms yielded 3052 articles where 2684 were excluded on review of titles and abstracts due to lack of relevance leaving 368 articles. 82 of these articles were not retrieved as 74 were duplicates and 8 were inaccessible in our library or via interlibrary loans. Of the remaining 286 articles, 246 were excluded as 238 did not meet inclusion criteria and 8 had insufficient information to calculate effect sizes despite attempting to contact the corresponding authors. The remaining 40 articles were included for final review.

Study characteristics

From the 40 articles reviewed, 30 consisted of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and 10 were non-randomised studies. Most were published in 2014 or later, with the greatest number of articles published in 2019 (n = 7, 18%). A large proportion of the studies were conducted in Europe (n = 18, 45%) followed by North America (n = 14, 35%) with USA being the single country with the most studies (n = 11, 28%), see Fig.  2 . More studies focused on senior medical students (n = 17, 42.5%), rather than junior medical students (n = 16, 40%). Of the remaining studies, 4 had combined populations of senior and junior medical students (10%) while 3 did not specify the seniority of the cohort (7.5%). The combined studies involved a total of 6242 medical students where population sizes ranged from 17 to 845 (median 101.5; IQR 125.5).

Publication year ( A ) and location of studies ( B ) The majority of the 40 shortlisted studies were published from 2014 onwards (n=32) with the highest number published in 2019 (n=7). Most studies were conducted in Europe (n=18, 45%), followed by North America (n=14, 35%) with USA being the single country with the most studies (n=11, 28%).

Other extracted study parameters included: active versus passive education delivery; whether eLearning was employed; the imaging modalities taught; and radiology training of the teacher (Supplementary Material 1 ). Distinctions between the content subgroups of radiologic anatomy, radiation protection and indications for imaging and imaging interpretation were abandoned due to considerable overlap between articles. Many articles did not provide sufficient detail regarding methods of assessment, so that parameter was also omitted from the meta-analysis.

The studies meeting inclusion criteria were generally of good quality with MERSQI scores ranging from 10.5 to 15.5 out of 18, the median score being 13. However, half of the included studies (n = 20) were judged to be at serious risk of bias while 16 were judged to be at low risk of bias (40%) and 4 at moderate risk of bias (10%). Among the included randomised control trials, missing data resulted in a serious risk of bias in 10 of 12 studies and some concerns in 1 study. This was a feature of all three randomized cross over control trials. The main contributor was missing data due to attrition in study groups between phases of these trials. In the non-randomised trials, bias was predominantly due to confounding variables. This featured in all 8 studies deemed at serious risk of bias and contributed to moderate risk in 1 study. A summary of the risk of bias assessments is shown in Fig.  3 . A full breakdown of the risk of bias assessment for each included article can be found in Supplementary Material 3 and 4 .

Risk of bias assessment summary for randomised control trials ( A ) and non-randomised trials ( B )In the randomised trials, there was a serious risk of bias in 12 of 30 randomised studies and moderate risk in 3 of 30 studies. This was predominantly due to missing outcome data and issues from randomisation. In non-randomised trials, 8 of 10 studies were considered at serious risk and 1 study was considered at moderate risk of bias. This was predominantly due to confounding variables followed by missing data and bias in participant selection.

A funnel plot analysis demonstrated that studies with high variability and effect sizes near 0 are not present, with multiple studies lying outside the funnel (Fig.  4 ). In particular, small studies that have been published showed relatively large effect sizes. When overlayed with the p-values of the included studies, only those with p > 0.1 were larger studies. Eggers Test indicated there was evidence of publication bias (Intercept = -0.2841, p < 0.05).A summary of the included articles study characteristics and educational interventions is outlined in Tables  3 and 4 respectively. Brief descriptions of included studies can be found in Supplementary Material 5 .

Assessment for publication bias of included studiesThe funnel plot shows the relationship between the effect size and the sample size of the studies included in the systematic review. Studies with high variability and effect sizes near 0 are missing and there are a number of studies which lie outside the expected funnel. In particular it is clear that small studies that have been published are those with relatively large effect sizes (those points on the lower right of the plot). This funnel plot asymmetry suggests publication bias.

Meta-analysis

Considerable heterogeneity between studies (I 2  = 93.42%) limited the capacity to draw conclusions in this analysis. In subgroup analyses, including comparing eLearning vs. other methods, senior vs. junior medical students, passive vs. active learning, cross-sectional imaging vs. other imaging, radiology-trained vs. non-radiology-trained teaching staff and RCT vs. non-randomised studies, heterogeneity remained high. This suggests none of these were significant contributors to the heterogeneity. A forest plot of the included studies reveals a majority of the educational interventions increased medical students’ radiology knowledge and or skills evidenced by a majority demonstrating a shift to the right. This is displayed in Fig.  5 . This is a trend also demonstrated in all forest plots of subgroup analyses which can be found in Supplementary Material 6 - 11 . However, there were no significant differences encountered in the subgroup analyses. It is worthwhile to note a greater proportion studies utilising active learning had a shift to the right in Supplementary Material 6 . This resulted in a higher standard mean difference of 0.57 vs. 0.51 however was not statistically significant.

Random effects meta-analysis of studies comparing radiology education interventionsThe majority of education interventions increased students’ radiology knowledge or skills evidenced by a majority demonstrating a shift to the right. However, in general studies with higher standard mean differences had wider confidence intervals. High heterogeneity (I 2 = 93.4) limited the capacity to draw conclusions from this analysis and a cause was not found in the subgroup analyses).

Thematic analysis

The meta-analysis demonstrated high heterogeneity with no statistically significant differences encountered in the subgroup analyses to account for this. This would suggest educational interventions were highly contextual and thematic analysis was performed to further explore this.

Active vs. passive learning

Active learning has been shown to produce superior gains in knowledge acquisition than passive learning [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ]. In particular, active learning utilising interactive eLearning in several student cohorts demonstrated superior knowledge gains compared with passive methods of instruction [ 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 ]. Three of these studies were judged to be at potential serious risk of bias due to missing outcome data. This was as a result of participants dropping out between phases of the study which was likely an inherent risk with all studies involving randomised cross-over control trials [ 20 , 22 , 23 ]. Otherwise these studies were judged to have a low risk of bias in the remaining domains. This attrition could be in part explained by active / interactive learning being associated with greater levels of student satisfaction or intrinsic motivation [ 22 , 23 , 26 ].

eLearning vs. face-to-face learning

Multiple studies demonstrated eLearning is at least equivalent to ‘traditional’ face-to-face education [ 12 , 22 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Blending eLearning with ‘traditional’ learning pedagogies was reported to have a synergistic effect [ 31 , 32 ]. Moreover, guided interactive eLearning has been shown to be effective in radiology education and is well accepted by participants [ 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 33 ]. The use of worked examples or clinical scenarios with feedback to demonstrate imaging concepts was effective. However, knowledge gains in these guided eLearning resources appeared to diminish with increasing medical student experience / seniority [ 22 , 23 , 33 ].

Specialist vs. non-specialist radiology educators

Most articles employing radiologists as teachers had topics which varied and often overlapped (n = 26, 65%). A majority taught medical imaging indications or interpretation component (n = 21 of 26, 81%). In 6 articles educators were non imaging trained specialists (15%) and in 8 articles instructor training was unspecified (20%). Non-imaging trained specialists were primarily involved in anatomy teaching (n = 3 of 6, 50%), [ 34 , 35 , 36 ] followed by ultrasound scanning (n = 2 of 6, 30%) [ 26 , 37 ] and in one article, interpreting orthopaedic imaging [ 38 ]. Considering the meta-analysis, this could suggest a trend toward non-imaging trained teachers being equivalent to imaging trained specialists in teaching basic imaging anatomy and ultrasound scanning. However, there was heterogeneity in the student cohorts and topics taught. This suggests these findings are likely contextual.

Medical student seniority

There were 17 studies involving senior medical students, 16 studies involving junior medical students, 4 in a combined group of medical students and 3 were unspecified. Junior students were mostly taught basic imaging interpretation (n = 12/16, 75%), followed by anatomy (n = 8/16, 50%). Imaging as part of anatomy teaching to senior students was relatively less common (n = 7/17, 41%), however more content covering imaging indications was taught to that cohort. Risks and radiation protection were only specified in 4 of 17 studies (24%) involving exclusively senior students and 1 study with a combination of senior and junior students. An overview is provided in Supplementary Material 9 .

Imaging modalities

Imaging modalities employed were divided into cross sectional imaging (CT and MRI) or non-cross-sectional imaging (x-ray and ultrasound). In 4 studies it was indeterminate whether cross-sectional imaging was taught. Most studies utilised multiple imaging modalities to teach (n = 17/37, 46%) where cross sectional imaging featured in 23 of 36 studies (64%). Cross sectional imaging teaching was employed proportionately more in studies with only senior students (n = 11/14, 79%) compared to studies with only junior students (n = 6/15, 40%).

Learning anatomy using imaging

Cross-sectional imaging was frequently used to teach anatomy, however the method in which the anatomy was displayed affects learning [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. 3D representations have been shown to produce significantly superior knowledge gains compared to 2D [ 39 , 40 , 41 ]. The use of augmented reality, e.g., 3D CT hologram displays to teach head and neck anatomy, yielded a large effect size when compared with 2D CT images [ 42 ]. Using x-rays to teach radiological anatomy yielded only a relatively small effect size in a study 2013 study by Webb and Choi; however, this should be interpreted with caution due to potential bias in this study [ 43 ]. In a single study by Knudsen et al. there was no significant difference between the group using ultrasound scanning (hands-on group) and a group which utilized ultrasound images, 3D models and prosections (hands-off group) for learning anatomy [ 26 ]. The ultrasound scanning group had significantly higher intrinsic motivation compared to the ‘hands-off’ group which had a greater degree of didactic teaching [ 26 ].

Indications for imaging

Learning indications for imaging using face-to-face collaborative learning and didactic teaching was equally effective in a cohort of 3rd year medical students [ 44 ]. However, collaborative learning was perceived as more enjoyable [ 44 ].

eLearning has been successfully used to teach indications for imaging [ 20 , 22 , 23 , 25 , 29 ]. Engaging interactive eLearning which utilised clinical scenarios and provided feedback, has been showed to produce significantly improved knowledge of imaging indications when compared to non-interactive eLearning [ 20 , 22 , 23 ].

Imaging interpretation

Learning how to interpret imaging investigations enabled students to detect suboptimal imaging and to identify abnormalities [ 45 ]. However, following an eLearning educational intervention using active learning, students were less likely to detect normal imaging compared with abnormal imaging [ 45 ]. This could be mitigated by providing comparisons between normal studies and studies showing diseases, as demonstrated by Kok and colleagues [ 46 ]. When instruction with the ratio of normal to abnormal studies in imaging sets was varied, there was a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity in imaging interpretation by students [ 47 ].

Sequencing of educational interventions also had implications for knowledge acquisition. In groups where expert instruction was provided prior to practice (deductive learning), students demonstrated higher specificity than those who were allowed to practice cases prior to instruction (inductive learning) [ 47 ]. The type of learning did not significantly affect sensitivity for detecting pathologies [ 47 ].

Mandatory vs. voluntary participation

There was a correlation between the number of educational sessions attended and performance on test scores [ 12 , 32 ]. Overall, students performed significantly better when participation in educational interventions was mandatory [ 32 ].

Assessment of learning

Most articles did not include a copy of the assessments available and the type or a part of the assessment was not specified in 9 of 40 articles (23%). Delayed testing several months after the educational intervention was only present in 4 of 40 studies (10%). The most common mode of assessment was multiple choice questions (MCQ) followed by short answer questions. Objective Structured Clinical Exams (OSCE) featured in 3 studies, all involving senior medical students. ‘Drag and drop’ or identifying features on imaging was present in one study of junior medical students (6%) and 4 of 17 studies of senior medical students (24%). This suggests that assessments more closely mirroring clinical practice are predominantly used in senior years. An overview is provided in Supplementary Material 5 .

There has been increasing interest in undergraduate radiology education, as evidenced by the number of published articles per annum. This review covered a wide variety of educational delivery methods related to several radiology-related topics. This is reflected in the high degree of heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, which did not reduce after subgroup analyses, suggesting these were not significant contributors to heterogeneity.

Educational design aspects addressed in the meta-analysis were active or passive learning and eLearning vs. other forms of delivery. A more granular analysis stratified according to delivery methods such as readings, lectures, flipped or non-flipped classrooms was not possible due to the insufficient number of articles in each sub-category meeting the inclusion criteria for this study. There were many examples in the literature for both medical education in general, and radiology in particular, where active learning has resulted in superior outcomes for knowledge acquisition and/or engagement by participants, compared with didactic approaches [ 5 , 22 , 23 , 48 , 49 ]. This finding is reinforced by our analysis, where all articles directly comparing the outcomes of active versus passive approaches had effect sizes favouring active learning. Likewise, all studies which evaluated combined active and passive approaches versus passive learning only had effect sizes favouring groups utilizing active learning. However, there was no significant difference between groups exposed to active learning versus passive learning methods in subgroup analyses. This finding could be related to the confounding effect of studies which compared a combination of active and passive approaches with passive learning.

Another factor impacting these findings is the instructional design of educational interventions. In eLearning, for example, effective strategies included use of multimedia learning principles, i.e., relevant graphics to accompany text, arrows to direct attention in complex graphics (signalling principle), using simple graphics to promote understanding while avoiding irrelevant information to maintain coherence and breaking down topics into small logical segments [ 50 ]. Teaching of imaging concepts prior to practical applications such as worked examples which fade to full practice scenarios accompanied by feedback is also effective [ 50 ]. These principles can all be integrated into teaching anatomy or basic imaging interpretation, the two most commonly addressed topics by articles included in this study.

There are conflicting findings in the literature comparing the efficacy of eLearning versus face-to-face learning in healthcare education [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ]. This study demonstrated that eLearning is at least equivalent to traditional face-to-face instruction and may be synergistic with face-to-face teaching. However, several forms of guided eLearning in this study appear to have diminishing effects with increasing medical student experience / seniority. 59 In this scenario, worked examples could impede learning in more experienced participants through the ‘expertise reversal effect.’ [ 58 ] Gradually fading ‘worked examples’ into ‘practice questions’ could overcome this concern [ 58 ]. These findings are particularly relevant with the massive expansion of eLearning in medical education, including radiology, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there are ongoing barriers to engaging radiologists in education of medical students due to competing clinical demands, thereby increasing the attractiveness of employing eLearning for radiology education [ 59 ]. In designing an eLearning intervention, interactivity, practice exercises, repetition and feedback have been shown to improve learning outcomes [ 22 , 23 , 52 , 60 ].

This study included articles demonstrating synergies can be achieved between radiology education and the broader medical curriculum [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 33 ]. For example, there are many instances where cross sectional imaging has been used to teach anatomy [ 39 , 61 , 62 , 63 ].

Instructional design of e-learning materials influences learning. An example of this includes the use of ‘worked examples’ in e-learning tutorials which were designed for a cohort of senior medical students [ 23 ]. This format highlighted relevant clinical information which likely contributed to greater learning efficiency though greater mean scores and/or less time spent interacting with resources by the intervention group [ 22 , 23 , 58 ]. According to cognitive load theory, cognitive overload can occur when information exceeds the learner’s capacity for processing information in their working memory [ 22 , 23 , 58 , 64 ]. The result is incomplete or disorganised information [ 22 , 23 , 58 , 64 ]. The way information is presented can influence extraneous load imposed by instructional design [ 64 ]. To avoid cognitive overload in these e-learning modules, information was concise, pitched at the level of the learner and appropriately segmented [ 22 , 23 , 58 , 64 ]. Participants favoured the concise, case-based nature of the tutorials which promoted interactivity and engagement [ 23 , 58 ]. These studies provide evidence to suggest that students’ learning would benefit from greater integration of radiology into modern medical curricula in a way which is relevant to clinical practice.

Implications for radiology education and study design

The implications of this review for design of interventions and evaluative studies of radiology education are summarised in Table  5 .

Study strengths

To the authors knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at quantitively comparing the effectiveness of different methods of radiology education for medical students. This review captured a large quantity of articles and a large medical student population dating back 15 years.

Through the application of stringent search criteria, only comparative effectiveness studies which were generally of high quality were shortlisted, as evidenced by high MERSQI scores. This study also excluded qualitative studies assessing perceived gains in knowledge or skills, because perceptions can differ from objectively measured attainment of knowledge or skills [ 65 , 66 ].

Study limitations

The main limitation of this study is the high level of heterogeneity between studies. Significant heterogeneity existed between the shortlisted articles regarding the topics studied, study methods, data collection and reporting. This is unsurprising, because medical curricula vary widely, and educational interventions are typically contextual [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. The interventions in many cases were designed for specific populations to address specific educational needs related to radiology. The high heterogeneity in this meta-analysis has also been demonstrated in other medical and health sciences-related meta-analyses of educational effectiveness [ 60 , 67 , 68 ].

Descriptions of interventions and reporting of data in some studies were ambiguous which complicated data extraction. This more commonly occurred in descriptions of control groups. Frequently, critical aspects of studies were reported in insufficient detail, which has been encountered in other reviews [ 52 , 57 , 60 , 68 ]. While the authors tried to ensure categorisation was as accurate as possible, in some instances their ability to do so was limited due to the ambiguities in reporting of the data.

Moderate to high levels of bias and evidence of publication bias in the shortlisted articles is another limitation which impacts on the ability to draw conclusions from the meta-analysis. This suggests published literature may be skewed towards studies reporting effectiveness of the interventions and negative results being potentially under-reported. Prevalent sources of bias such as missing data and confounding variables highlight the need to be vigilant when evaluating education interventions. This paper is limited to peer-reviewed articles in the PubMed and Scopus databases. Articles identified in the reference lists of included articles, as well as grey literature and unpublished sources were not included. This restriction was intended to maintain the reliability of this review’s method.

Future directions

The authors recommend better standardisation of the design of studies examining educational interventions in general, and radiology in particular, to help determine the most effective methods for teaching undergraduate medical students. Greater use of delayed testing to evaluate long term effectiveness of educational interventions is needed. This could inform educators regarding the reinforcement required to maintain knowledge for future clinical practice.

Further research is needed to analyse the effectiveness of integration of radiology education with other disciplines in medical curricula. It stands to reason that integration of radiology with basic sciences and clinical experiences would lead to synergistic benefits for students’ learning. Disciplines such as anatomy, pathology, and clinical reasoning might all benefit from integration with radiology [ 2 , 9 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. When combined with delayed testing, this could inform curriculum planners on when to incorporate radiology topics into medical curricula.

There has been increasing research interest in radiology education for medical students. However, methods of educational delivery and evaluation vary widely, thus contributing to significant heterogeneity between studies. A comprehensive subgroup analysis did not reveal a cause for this heterogeneity, suggesting that it could be due to tailoring of educational interventions for specific curricular contexts.

While heterogeneity precluded any firm conclusions being drawn from the meta-analysis, this systematic review has explored scenarios where certain educational interventions and specific improvements in future study design can be of benefit. For example, eLearning has been shown to be at least equivalent to traditional face-to-face instruction and may be synergistic. Better standardisation in the design of studies to evaluate radiology education interventions and in the nature of the radiology education interventions themselves is needed to help provide evidence for the optimization of radiology education in medical curricula. Other potential research directions might include evaluating long-term knowledge retention through delayed testing of learning as well as further work to demonstrate the effect of integrating radiology education with other disciplines within medical curricula.

Data availability

The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

Computed Tomography

Digital Subtraction Angiography

Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument

Multiple Choice Question

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Objective Structure Clinical Exams

Problem Based Learning

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Randomised controlled trial

Standard Mean Difference

Viva voce / oral examination

Naeger DM, Webb EM, Zimmerman L, Elicker BM. Strategies for incorporating radiology into early medical school curricula. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11(1):74–9.

Article   Google Scholar  

Kushdilian MV, Ladd LM, Gunderman RB. Radiology in the study of bone physiology. Acad Radiol. 2016;23(10):1298–308.

Kourdioukova EV, Valcke M, Derese A, Verstraete KL. Analysis of radiology education in undergraduate medical doctors training in Europe. Eur J Radiol. 2011;78(3):309–18.

Subramaniam RM, Gibson RN. Radiology teaching: essentials of a quality teaching programme. Australas Radiol. 2007;51(1):42–5.

Awan OA. Analysis of common innovative teaching methods used by Radiology Educators. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2022;51(1):1–5.

Rohren SA, Kamel S, Khan ZA, et al. A call to action; national survey of teaching radiology curriculum to medical students. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2022;12:57.

Oris E, Verstraete K, Valcke M. Results of a survey by the European Society of Radiology (ESR): undergraduate radiology education in Europe—influences of a modern teaching approach. Insights into Imaging. 2012;3(2):121–30.

Mirsadraee S, Mankad K, McCoubrie P, Roberts T, Kessel D. Radiology curriculum for undergraduate medical studies–a consensus survey. Clin Radiol. 2012;67(12):1155–61.

Undergraduate education in radiology. A white paper by the European Society of Radiology. Insights into Imaging. 2011;2(4):363–74.

Sivarajah RT, Curci NE, Johnson EM, Lam DL, Lee JT, Richardson ML. A review of innovative teaching methods. Acad Radiol. 2019;26(1):101–13.

ESR statement on. New approaches to undergraduate teaching in Radiology. Insights into Imaging. 2019;10(1):109.

Alamer A, Alharbi F. Synchronous distance teaching of radiology clerkship promotes medical students’ learning and engagement. Insights into Imaging. 2021;12(1):41.

Belfi LM, Dean KE, Bartolotta RJ, Shih G, Min RJ. Medical student education in the time of COVID-19: a virtual solution to the introductory radiology elective. Clin Imaging. 2021;75:67–74.

Durfee SM, Goldenson RP, Gill RR, Rincon SP, Flower E, Avery LL. Medical Student Education Roadblock due to COVID-19: virtual Radiology Core Clerkship to the rescue. Acad Radiol. 2020;27(10):1461–6.

Moher D, Shamseer L, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Syst Reviews. 2015;4(1):1.

Reed DA, Cook DA, Beckman TJ, Levine RB, Kern DE, Wright SM. Association between funding and quality of published medical education research. JAMA. 2007;298(9):1002–9.

Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, et al. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:l4898.

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919.

McGuinness LA, Higgins JPT. Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): An R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments. Research Synthesis Methods 2020;n/a(n/a).

Velan GM, Goergen SK, Grimm J, Shulruf B. Impact of interactive e-Learning modules on appropriateness of imaging referrals: a Multicenter, Randomized, crossover study. J Am Coll Radiol. 2015;12(11):1207–14.

Tshibwabwa ET, Cannon J, Rice J, Kawooya MG, Sanii R, Mallin R. Integrating Ultrasound Teaching into Preclinical Problem-based Learning. J Clin Imaging Sci 2016;6(3).

Wong V, Smith AJ, Hawkins NJ, et al. Adaptive tutorials Versus web-based resources in Radiology: a mixed methods comparison of Efficacy and Student Engagement. Acad Radiol. 2015;22(10):1299–307.

Wade SWT, Moscova M, Tedla N, et al. Adaptive tutorials Versus web-based resources in Radiology: a mixed methods analysis of Efficacy and Engagement in Senior Medical Students. Acad Radiol. 2019;26(10):1421–31.

Ebert J, Tutschek B. Virtual reality objects improve learning efficiency and retention of diagnostic ability in fetal ultrasound. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;53(4):525–8.

Willis MH, Newell AD, Fotos J, et al. Multisite implementation of Radiology-TEACHES (Technology-Enhanced appropriateness Criteria Home for Education Simulation). J Am Coll Radiol. 2020;17(5):652–61.

Knudsen L, Nawrotzki R, Schmiedl A, Mühlfeld C, Kruschinski C, Ochs M. Hands-on or no hands-on training in ultrasound imaging: a randomized trial to evaluate learning outcomes and speed of recall of topographic anatomy. Anat Sci Educ. 2018;11(6):575–91.

Sendra-Portero F, Torales-Chaparro OE, Ruiz-Gomez MJ, Martinez-Morillo M. A pilot study to evaluate the use of virtual lectures for undergraduate radiology teaching. Eur J Radiol. 2013;82(5):888–93.

Poland S, Frey JA, Khobrani A, et al. Telepresent focused assessment with sonography for trauma examination training versus traditional training for medical students: a simulation-based pilot study. J Ultrasound Med. 2018;37(8):1985–92.

Viteri Jusué A, Tamargo Alonso A, Bilbao González A, Palomares T. Learning how to Order Imaging tests and make subsequent clinical decisions: a Randomized Study of the effectiveness of a virtual learning environment for medical students. Med Sci Educ. 2021;31(2):469–77.

Tam MDBS, Hart AR, Williams SM, Holland R, Heylings D, Leinster S. Evaluation of a computer program (‘disect’) to consolidate anatomy knowledge: a randomised-controlled trial. Med Teach. 2010;32(3):e138–42.

Tshibwabwa E, Mallin R, Fraser M et al. An Integrated Interactive-Spaced Education Radiology Curriculum for Preclinical Students. J Clin Imaging Sci 2017;7(1).

Mahnken AH, Baumann M, Meister M, Schmitt V, Fischer MR. Blended learning in radiology: is self-determined learning really more effective? Eur J Radiol. 2011;78(3):384–7.

Burbridge B, Kalra N, Malin G, Trinder K, Pinelle D. University of Saskatchewan Radiology Courseware (USRC): an Assessment of its utility for Teaching Diagnostic Imaging in the Medical School Curriculum. Teach Learn Med. 2015;27(1):91–8.

James HK, Chapman AWP, Dhukaram V, Wellings R, Abrahams P. Learning anatomy of the foot and ankle using sagittal plastinates: a prospective randomized educational trial. Foot. 2019;38:34–8.

Rajprasath R, Kumar V, Murugan M, Goriparthi B, Devi R. Evaluating the effectiveness of integrating radiological and cross-sectional anatomy in first-year medical students - a randomized, crossover study. J Educ Health Promotion 2020;9(1).

Saxena V, Natarajan P, O’Sullivan PS, Jain S. Effect of the use of instructional anatomy videos on student performance. Anat Sci Educ. 2008;1(4):159–65.

Le CK, Lewis J, Steinmetz P, Dyachenko A, Oleskevich S. The use of ultrasound simulators to strengthen scanning skills in medical students: a randomized controlled trial. J Ultrasound Med. 2019;38(5):1249–57.

Lydon S, Fitzgerald N, Gannon L et al. A randomised controlled trial of SAFMEDS to improve musculoskeletal radiology interpretation. Surgeon: J Royal Colleges Surg Edinb Irel 2021.

Petersson H, Sinkvist D, Wang C, Smedby Ö. Web-based interactive 3D visualization as a tool for improved anatomy learning. Anat Sci Educ. 2009;2(2):61–8.

Beermann J, Tetzlaff R, Bruckner T, et al. Three-dimensional visualisation improves understanding of surgical liver anatomy. Med Educ. 2010;44(9):936–40.

Nickel F, Hendrie JD, Bruckner T, et al. Successful learning of surgical liver anatomy in a computer-based teaching module. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg. 2016;11(12):2295–301.

Weeks JK, Pakpoor J, Park BJ, et al. Harnessing augmented reality and CT to teach first-Year Medical Students Head and Neck anatomy. Acad Radiol. 2021;28(6):871–6.

Webb AL, Choi S. Interactive radiological anatomy eLearning solution for first year medical students: development, integration, and impact on learning. Anat Sci Educ. 2014;7(5):350–60.

Stein MW, Frank SJ, Roberts JH, Finkelstein M, Heo M. Integrating the ACR appropriateness Criteria into the Radiology Clerkship: comparison of Didactic Format and Group-based learning. J Am Coll Radiol. 2016;13(5):566–70.

Pusic MV, Leblanc VR, Miller SZ. Linear versus web-style layout of computer tutorials for medical student learning of radiograph interpretation. Acad Radiol. 2007;14(7):877–89.

Kok EM, de Bruin AB, Leppink J, van Merrienboer JJ, Robben SG. Case comparisons: an efficient way of learning Radiology. Acad Radiol. 2015;22(10):1226–35.

Geel KV, Kok EM, Aldekhayel AD, Robben SGF, van Merrienboer JJG. Chest X-ray evaluation training: impact of normal and abnormal image ratio and instructional sequence. Med Educ. 2019;53(2):153–64.

Wu Y, Theoret C, Burbridge BE. Flipping the Passive Radiology Elective by including active learning. Can Association Radiol J = J l’Association canadienne des radiologistes. 2020. 846537120953909.

Redmond CE, Healy GM, Fleming H, McCann JW, Moran DE, Heffernan EJ. The integration of active learning teaching strategies into a Radiology Rotation for Medical Students improves Radiological Interpretation skills and attitudes toward Radiology. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2020;49(6):386–91.

Clark RC, Mayer RE. E-learning and the science of instruction: proven guidelines for consumers and designers of multimedia learning 4th edition. ed. Hoboken: Hoboken: Wiley; 2016.

Fontaine G, Cossette S, Maheu-Cadotte MA, et al. Efficacy of adaptive e-learning for health professionals and students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open. 2019;9(8):e025252.

Lahti M, Hätönen H, Välimäki M. Impact of e-learning on nurses’ and student nurses knowledge, skills, and satisfaction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2014;51(1):136–49.

Voutilainen A, Saaranen T, Sormunen M. Conventional vs. e-learning in nursing education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2017;50:97–103.

George PP, Papachristou N, Belisario JM, et al. Online eLearning for undergraduates in health professions: a systematic review of the impact on knowledge, skills, attitudes and satisfaction. J Global Health. 2014;4(1):010406.

Zafar S, Safdar S, Zafar AN. Evaluation of use of e-Learning in undergraduate radiology education: a review. Eur J Radiol. 2014;83(12):2277–87.

Wentzell S, Moran L, Dobranowski J, et al. E-learning for chest x-ray interpretation improves medical student skills and confidence levels. BMC Med Educ. 2018;18(1):256.

Vaona A, Banzi R, Kwag KH, et al. E-learning for health professionals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;1(1):Cd011736.

Google Scholar  

Wade SWT, Moscova M, Tedla N, et al. Adaptive tutorials versus web-based resources in radiology: a mixed methods analysis in junior doctors of efficacy and engagement. BMC Med Educ. 2020;20(1):303.

Serhan LA, Tahir MJ, Irshaidat S, et al. The integration of radiology curriculum in undergraduate medical education. Annals of Medicine and Surgery. 2022;80:104270.

Cook DA, Levinson AJ, Garside S, Dupras DM, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Instructional design variations in internet-based learning for health professions education: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Medicine: J Association Am Med Colleges. 2010;85(5):909–22.

Kolossváry M, Székely AD, Gerber G, Merkely B, Maurovich-Horvat P. CT images are noninferior to anatomic specimens in teaching cardiac Anatomy—A randomized quantitative study. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14(3):409–415e402.

Lufler RS, Zumwalt AC, Romney CA, Hoagland TM. Incorporating radiology into medical gross anatomy: does the use of cadaver CT scans improve students’ academic performance in anatomy? Anat Sci Educ. 2010;3(2):56–63.

Phillips AW, Smith SG, Straus CM. The role of Radiology in Preclinical anatomy. A critical review of the past, Present, and Future. Acad Radiol. 2013;20(3):297–304e291.

van Merriënboer JJ, Sweller J. Cognitive load theory in health professional education: design principles and strategies. Med Educ. 2010;44(1):85–93.

Kada S. Awareness and knowledge of radiation dose and associated risks among final year medical students in Norway. Insights into Imaging. 2017;8(6):599–605.

Faggioni L, Paolicchi F, Bastiani L, Guido D, Caramella D. Awareness of radiation protection and dose levels of imaging procedures among medical students, radiography students, and radiology residents at an academic hospital: results of a comprehensive survey. Eur J Radiol. 2017;86:135–42.

Vallée A, Blacher J, Cariou A, Sorbets E. Blended learning compared to traditional learning in Medical Education: systematic review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(8):e16504.

Cook DA, Levinson AJ, Garside S, Dupras DM, Erwin PJ, Montori VM. Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300(10):1181–96.

Pascual TN, Chhem R, Wang SC, Vujnovic S. Undergraduate radiology education in the era of dynamism in medical curriculum: an educational perspective. Eur J Radiol. 2011;78(3):319–25.

Schober A, Pieper CC, Schmidt R, Wittkowski W. Anatomy and imaging: 10 years of experience with an interdisciplinary teaching project in preclinical medical education - from an elective to a curricular course. RoFo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstrahlen Bildgeb Verfahr. 2014;186(5):458–65.

Grignon B, Oldrini G, Walter F. Teaching medical anatomy: what is the role of imaging today? Surg Radiol Anat. 2016;38(2):253–60.

Pathiraja F, Little D, Denison AR. Are radiologists the contemporary anatomists? Clin Radiol. 2014;69(5):458–61.

Hartman M, Silverman J, Spruill L, Hill J. Radiologic-pathologic Correlation-An Advanced Fourth-year Elective: how we do it. Acad Radiol. 2016;23(7):889–93.

Nay JW, Aaron VD, Gunderman RB. Using radiology to teach physiology. J Am Coll Radiol. 2011;8(2):117–23.

Courtier J, Webb EM, Phelps AS, Naeger DM. Assessing the learning potential of an interactive digital game versus an interactive-style didactic lecture: the continued importance of didactic teaching in medical student education. Pediatr Radiol. 2016;46(13):1787–96.

Di Salvo DN, Clarke PD, Cho CH, Alexander EK. Redesign and implementation of the radiology clerkship: from traditional to longitudinal and integrative. J Am Coll Radiol. 2014;11(4):413–20.

Gibney B, Kassab GH, Redmond CE, Buckley B, MacMahon PJ. Pareidolia in Radiology Education: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Metaphoric signs in Medical Student Teaching. Acad Radiol. 2020.

Kok EM, Abed A, Robben SGF. Does the use of a Checklist Help Medical students in the detection of abnormalities on a chest radiograph? J Digit Imaging. 2017;30(6):726–31.

Lorenzo-Alvarez R, Rudolphi-Solero T, Ruiz-Gomez MJ, Sendra-Portero F. Medical Student Education for abdominal radiographs in a 3D virtual Classroom Versus Traditional Classroom: a Randomized Controlled Trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019;213(3):644–50.

Rozenshtein A, Pearson GD, Yan SX, Liu AZ, Toy D. Effect of massed Versus interleaved teaching method on performance of students in Radiology. J Am Coll Radiology: JACR. 2016;13(8):979–84.

Shaffer K, Ng JM, Hirsh DA. An Integrated Model for Radiology Education. Development of a year-long Curriculum in Imaging with Focus on Ambulatory and Multidisciplinary Medicine. Acad Radiol. 2009;16(10):1292–301.

Smeby SS, Lillebo B, Slørdahl TS, Berntsen EM. Express Team-based learning (eTBL): a time-efficient TBL Approach in Neuroradiology. Acad Radiol 2019.

Thompson M, Johansen D, Stoner R, et al. Comparative effectiveness of a mnemonic-use approach vs. self-study to interpret a lateral chest X-ray. Adv Physiol Educ. 2017;41(4):518–21.

Vollman A, Hulen R, Dulchavsky S, et al. Educational benefits of fusing magnetic resonance imaging with sonograms. J Clin Ultrasound. 2014;42(5):257–63.

Yuan Q, Chen X, Zhai J et al. Application of 3D modeling and fusion technology of medical image data in image teaching. BMC Med Educ 2021;21(1).

Cook DA. Randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis in medical education: what role do they play? Med Teach. 2012;34(6):468–73.

Nourkami-Tutdibi N, Tutdibi E, Schmidt S, Zemlin M, Abdul-Khaliq H, Hofer M. Long-Term Knowledge Retention after peer-assisted abdominal Ultrasound Teaching: is PAL a successful model for Achieving Knowledge Retention? Ultraschall Med. 2020;41(1):36–43.

Feigin DS, Magid D, Smirniotopoulos JG, Carbognin SJ. Learning and retaining normal radiographic chest anatomy. Does preclinical exposure Improve Student performance? Acad Radiol. 2007;14(9):1137–42.

Doomernik DE, van Goor H, Kooloos JGM, Ten Broek RP. Longitudinal retention of anatomical knowledge in second-year medical students. Anat Sci Educ. 2017;10(3):242–8.

Ropovik I, Adamkovic M, Greger D. Neglect of publication bias compromises meta-analyses of educational research. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(6):e0252415.

Undergraduate Radiology RCR. Curriculum 2022. In: The Royal College of Radiologists; 2022.

Gadde JA, Ayoob A, Carrico CWT, Falcon S, Magid D, Miller-Thomas MM, Naeger D. AMSER National Medical Student Curriculum. 2020.

Reddy S, Straus CM, McNulty NJ, et al. Development of the AMSER standardized examinations in radiology for medical students. Acad Radiol. 2015;22(1):130–4.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Ms Zhixin Liu for her valuable recommendations regarding statistical analysis in this review and Ms Jennifer Whitfield for her valuable assistance devising the literature search strategy.

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia

Stuart W.T. Wade

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Stuart W.T. Wade, Gary M. Velan & Nicodemus Tedla

Office of Medical Education, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Gary M. Velan & Michelle Moscova

Stats Central, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia

Nancy Briggs

You can also search for this author in PubMed   Google Scholar

Contributions

SW worked on project design, data collection and analysis, manuscript write up and revision. GM, NT and MM worked on project design, data analysis and manuscript revision. NB worked on project design and data analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michelle Moscova .

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate.

Not applicable as this was a systematic review and meta-analysis of published research.

Consent for publication

Competing interests.

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note.

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary Material 1: Data Points Extracted from Shortlisted Articles

Supplementary material 2: definitions of data points, supplementary material 3: risk of bias assessment for randomised trials, supplementary material 4: risk of bias assessment for non-randomised trials, supplementary material 5: topics and modes of assessment according to student seniority, supplementary material 6: active versus passive learning subgroup analysis, supplementary material 7: elearning versus no elearning subgroup analysis, supplementary material 8: cross-sectional imaging versus no cross-sectional imaging subgroup analysis, supplementary material 9: student seniority subgroup analysis, supplementary material 10: imaging professionals versus non-imaging professionals as teachers subgroup analysis, supplementary material 11: study design subgroup analysis, rights and permissions.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Wade, S.W., Velan, G.M., Tedla, N. et al. What works in radiology education for medical students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Med Educ 24 , 51 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04981-z

Download citation

Received : 26 August 2023

Accepted : 15 December 2023

Published : 10 January 2024

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04981-z

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

• Undergraduate radiology education
• Medical student radiology education
• Medical student education
• Medical imaging education
• Radiology teaching

BMC Medical Education

ISSN: 1472-6920

• Submission enquiries: [email protected]
• General enquiries: [email protected]

Selected Project topics in Medical Radiography And Radiological Sciences

We have randomly selected Current Project topics in Medical Radiography and Radiographical Science fields.

These topics can be developed in many ways and we have materials for these topics listed and more to guide you throughout your research work.

These topics include:

1. Pattern Of Findings In The Echocardiogram Of Hypertensive Patients In Conquest Medical Imaging Centre Enugu Background: Echocardiography has become and important tool in medical imaging. it is used in the confirmation of heart diseases especially hypertension, in nigeria major cities using conventio… Premium 79 pages 12936 words Project

2. Evaluation Of Compliance With Standard Postero–anterior (pa) Chest Techniques This study was carried out to evaluate the compliance with standard postero-anterior (PA) chest Techniques in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku Ozalla. A total of 375 assessm… Premium 83 pages 11628 words Project

3. Identifying The Factors Influencing The Attitude Of Radiographers To Their Professional Body A professional association is usually a non-profit organization seeking to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public. The roles of… Premium 61 pages 10799 words Project

4. Local Construction Of Battery Powered Dual Face Radiographic Viewing Box With Rotatable Neck And Adjustable Stand The research work was designed to construct a locally battery powered dual face radiographic viewing box with rotatable neck and adjustable stand. The illumina… Premium 78 pages 12131 words Project

5. Public Awareness Of The Health Effect Of Radiation Emitted From Telecommunication Mast This study proposes to research the awareness of the public on the health effect of radiation emitted from telecommunication mast. Since the major effect of this radiation emitted from telecommunicati… Premium 72 pages 11350 words Project

6. Royal College Of Radiologists Guidelines For Abdominal Radiography Requests: Assessment Of Referring Clinicians’ Adherernce Plain abdominal radiography is believed to be over utilized as an investigation for acute abdominal complaints. Because of this, the Royal College of Radiologists published guidelines in order… Premium 38 pages 4520 words Project

7. Establishment And Management Of A Private Ultrasonographic Centre In Enugu Metropolis; Problems And Prospects ABSTRACT This study was done to determine the problems and prospects of setting up and running a private ultrasonographic centre in Enugu metropolis. It was carried out in the 38 registered diagnostic … Premium 64 pages 9530 words Project

8. Correlation Of Mri Findings With Outcome Of Treatment In Patients With Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Study Of Lagos University Teaching Hospital Idi-araba Lagos Nigeria ABSTRACT Study DesignA retrospective studyObjectivesTo correlate the MRI findings with the outcome of patient treatment in patients with spinal cord injury. This study tried to study the recovery of pa… Premium 66 pages 11037 words Project

9. Common Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings In Patients With Neurologic Disorders, In University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Kwara State ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the common MRI findings in patients with neurologic disorders.Method: A retrospective study of 106 patients with neurologic disorders was carried out and their respectiv… Premium 99 pages 16464 words Project

10. Characterization Of Breast Lesions Seen During Mammography At University Of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu ABSTRACT This research was carried out to characterize the variety of the breast lesion seen during mammography at UNTH and to establish the age distribution of the lesion at the time of presentat… Premium 49 pages 8508 words Project

11. Prevalence Of Low Back Pain Among Practicing Radiographers In Enugu And Ebonyi States (a Case Study Of Unth, Nohe, Esuth And Fetha) ABSTRACT This study on the prevalence of low back pain among practicing radiographers in government hospitals, was done in Enugu and Ebonyi States. The objectives of the study were to determine t… Premium 57 pages 9304 words Project

12. Establishment And Management Of A Private Radio-diagnostic Centre In Onitsha, Anambra State Problems And Prospects. ABSTRACT This study was done to determine the problems and prospects of establishing and managing a private radio-diagnostic centre in Onitsha, Anambra state. It was carried out in the 42 diagnostic c… Premium 67 pages 9276 words Project

13. Assessment Of The Perspective And Attitude Of Radiology Staff To Radiography Students For Clinical Training In The Radiology Department (a Case Study Of Unth, Esuth And Nohe) ABSTRACT Clinical training of radiography students is part of the medical academic curriculum in a hands-on environment where students are taught skills, behaviors and attitudes required to enter into … Premium 70 pages 13620 words Project

14. Assessment Of Mammographic Screening Awareness Among Female Traders In Enugu Metropolis, Enugu State ABSTRACT So far, mammographic screening is the only mode of detection that has been shown to reduce breast cancer mortality (Montazeri et al). Thus unless women are educated about mammography and… Premium 61 pages 12414 words Project

FOR MORE SELECTED TOPICS IN THIS FIELD, KINDLY CLICK HERE

Share this:

9 thoughts on “ selected project topics in medical radiography and radiological sciences ”.

please I need. more light on selecting project topic on xray department and preparable topic to be selected

please I need more researchable topics on mammography

Pleace o need a researchable topics on compited tomography

Please go to https://afribary.com/works?search=Computed+Tomography

Please i need aresearch topic in in the area of xray

Please need a researchable topic in ultrasound examination and the machine itself

You really done a wonderful job. Thank you and God bless

Pls need a research on medical imaging technology project work for student

Please I need project topic on radiographic cassette or film

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Notify me of follow-up comments by email.

Notify me of new posts by email.

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed .

Presenting Radiology to Students: A Guide for Rad Techs

Presenting Radiology to students can be a rewarding yet challenging task. As a Radiologic Technologist, your career is filled with fascinating insights, diverse challenges, and unique triumphs.

The complexity of radiology, however, might make it difficult to explain to high school students.

This guide will equip you with strategies to make your presentation engaging, inspiring, and relatable to the younger audience, potentially sparking their interest in radiology.

Showcase Interesting Radiographs

Start your presentation by capturing their attention immediately. An excellent way to do this is by showing them a series of intriguing X-rays. This could include images of anomalies, fractures, and foreign bodies.

For instance, showing the contrast between a normal chest X-ray and one exhibiting severe pneumonia or pneumothorax can effectively demonstrate the power and indispensability of radiology in medical diagnosis. 

You could also consider showing an X-ray of a patient with cornrows, which provides an unusual image that can spark curiosity.

Alternatively, lighter, fun examples, such as an X-ray of a polar bear getting its paw examined, can add an element of surprise and amusement to your presentation.

Highlight Miracles and Challenges

One of the most compelling aspects of being a Rad Tech is that you play a significant role in patient’s lives. Share stories from your career that illustrate the miracles you’ve witnessed and the challenges you’ve faced. Discussing these experiences can give students a realistic view of the profession while emphasizing the importance of kindness, compassion, and professionalizm.

Radiology Procedures

To give the students a taste of the range of procedures that radiologists carry out, discuss fascinating approaches like air enemas or VCUG (voiding cystourethrography).

You could also discuss the application of barium enemas in diagnosing gastrointestinal disorders. Walking students through these procedures can help them understand the diversity of situations where radiology proves essential.

The world of 3D imaging is fascinating and can be a real crowd-pleaser. Discuss how CT scans allow us to see inside the body without invasive procedures. Sharing 3D images can captivate your audience and give them a better understanding of the capabilities of modern imaging technology.

Radiation Safety

It is not uncommon for people to have misconceptions about radiation, especially in the context of radiology.

Use your presentation to debunk these myths by explaining the various safety measures to minimize radiation exposure to patients and techs. This could alleviate students’ concerns about pursuing a career in this field.

Differential X-ray Absorption

While this might sound like a complex topic, it could pique interest among students who enjoy science. Discuss how different tissues—air, fat, water, muscle, and bone—absorb X-rays to varying degrees and how this differential absorption is fundamental to creating radiographic images.

You could also talk about concepts like growth plates, the differences between pediatric and adult radiographs, and the types of joints.

Interactive Activities

Bring equipment like a phantom, protective aprons, or even an ultrasound machine. Having hands-on activities could make the presentation more interactive and memorable. The students could try scanning a spirit, feel the weight of protective equipment, or see a real-time ultrasound scan.

Engage with Stories

Personal anecdotes and patient stories woven into your presentation can create a more engaging narrative. Stories have a unique way of helping people connect with a subject and make it more relatable.

How can I make my radiology presentation engaging for high school students?

Capturing their attention from the start with intriguing radiographs can make your presentation engaging. Include examples of anomalies, fractures, and foreign bodies. Also, consider sharing personal anecdotes, patient stories, and hands-on activities to make the presentation more interactive and memorable.

What are some interesting aspects of radiology that I can highlight in my presentation?

Highlight the role of Rad Techs in patient care and diagnosis, the range of radiology procedures, the miracles of 3D imaging, and the fundamental principles like differential X-ray absorption. Explaining these concepts can give students an understanding of the field’s breadth and depth.

How can I explain complex radiology procedures?

Start by outlining the purpose of the procedure, what it involves, and its significance in medical diagnosis. Use simple language and analogies to explain the process. If possible, bring props or use visual aids to simplify the concepts further.

What are some misconceptions about radiation that I can debunk in my presentation?

Common misconceptions include the belief that all radiation is extremely harmful or that radiology professionals are at a high risk of radiation exposure. You can debunk these myths by explaining the safety measures in place in the field of radiology that minimize radiation exposure for both patients and techs.

How can I make my radiology presentation interactive for the students?

Bring equipment like a phantom, protective aprons, or even an ultrasound machine for the students to try out. These hands-on activities can make the presentation more interactive and engaging. You could also encourage students to ask questions or discuss their learning.

Remember, presenting radiology to students aim s to inspire and captivate them with the intriguing world of Radiologic Technology.

Sharing your passion, experiences, and knowledge can potentially ignite a similar interest in them, shaping the future of this rewarding field. Keep your presentation engaging, relatable, and interactive.

Good luck in your endeavor to inspire the next generation of Radiologic Technologists!

• See us on facebook
• See us on twitter
• See us on youtube
• See us on linkedin
• See us on instagram

AI improves accuracy of skin cancer diagnoses in Stanford Medicine-led study

Artificial intelligence algorithms powered by deep learning improve skin cancer diagnostic accuracy for doctors, nurse practitioners and medical students in a study led by the Stanford Center for Digital Health.

April 11, 2024 - By Krista Conger

Artificial intelligence helped clinicians diagnose skin cancer more accurately, a Stanford Medicine-led study found. Chanelle Malambo/peopleimages.com   -  stock.adobe.com

A new study led by researchers at Stanford Medicine finds that computer algorithms powered by artificial intelligence based on deep learning can help health care practitioners to diagnose skin cancers more accurately. Even dermatologists benefit from AI guidance, although their improvement is less than that seen for non-dermatologists.

“This is a clear demonstration of how AI can be used in collaboration with a physician to improve patient care,” said professor of dermatology and of epidemiology Eleni Linos , MD. Linos leads the Stanford Center for Digital Health , which was launched to tackle some of the most pressing research questions at the intersection of technology and health by promoting collaboration between engineering, computer science, medicine and the humanities.

Linos, associate dean of research and the Ben Davenport and Lucy Zhang Professor in Medicine, is the senior author of the study , which was published on April 9 in npj Digital Medicine . Postdoctoral scholar Jiyeong Kim , PhD, and visiting researcher Isabelle Krakowski, MD, are the lead authors of the research.

“Previous studies have focused on how AI performs when compared with physicians,” Kim said. “Our study compared physicians working without AI assistance with physicians using AI when diagnosing skin cancers.”

AI algorithms are increasingly used in clinical settings, including dermatology. They are created by feeding a computer hundreds of thousands or even millions of images of skin conditions labeled with information such as diagnosis and patient outcome. Through a process called deep learning, the computer eventually learns to recognize telltale patterns in the images that correlate with specific skin diseases including cancers. Once trained, an algorithm written by the computer can be used to suggest possible diagnoses based on an image of a patient’s skin that it has not been exposed to.

Eleni Linos

These diagnostic algorithms aren’t used alone, however. They are overseen by clinicians who also assess the patient, come to their own conclusions about a patient’s diagnosis and choose whether to accept the algorithm’s suggestion.

An accuracy boost

Kim and Linos’ team reviewed 12 studies detailing more than 67,000 evaluations of potential skin cancers by a variety of practitioners with and without AI assistance. They found that, overall, health care practitioners working without aid from artificial intelligence were able to accurately diagnose about 75% of people with skin cancer — a statistical measurement known as sensitivity. Conversely, the workers correctly diagnosed about 81.5% of people with cancer-like skin conditions but who did not have cancer — a companion measurement known as specificity.

Health care practitiones who used AI to guide their diagnoses did better. Their diagnoses were about 81.1% sensitive and 86.1% specific. The improvement may seem small, but the differences are critical for people told they don’t have cancer, but do, or for those who do have cancer but are told they are healthy.

When the researchers split the health care practitioners by specialty or level of training, they saw that medical students, nurse practitioners and primary care doctors benefited the most from AI guidance — improving on average about 13 points in sensitivity and 11 points in specificity. Dermatologists and dermatology residents performed better overall, but the sensitivity and specificity of their diagnoses also improved with AI.

“I was surprised to see everyone’s accuracy improve with AI assistance, regardless of their level of training,” Linos said. “This makes me very optimistic about the use of AI in clinical care. Soon our patients will not just be accepting, but expecting, that we use AI assistance to provide them with the best possible care.”

Jiyeong Kim

Researchers at the Stanford Center for Digital Health, including Kim, are interested in learning more about the promise of and barriers to integrating AI-based tools into health care. In particular, they are planning to investigate how the perceptions and attitudes of physicians and patients to AI will influence its implementation.

“We want to better understand how humans interact with and use AI to make clinical decisions,” Kim said. 

Previous studies have indicated that a clinician’s degree of confidence in their own clinical decision, the degree of confidence of the AI, and whether the clinician and the AI agree on the diagnosis all influence whether the clinician incorporates the algorithm’s advice when making clinical decisions for a patient.

Medical specialties like dermatology and radiology, which rely heavily on images — visual inspection, pictures, X-rays, MRIs and CT scans, among others — for diagnoses are low-hanging fruit for computers that can pick out levels of detail beyond what a human eye (or brain) can reasonably process. But even other more symptom-based specialties, or prediction modeling, are likely to benefit from AI intervention, Linos and Kim feel. And it’s not just patients who stand to benefit.

“If this technology can simultaneously improve a doctor’s diagnostic accuracy and save them time, it’s really a win-win. In addition to helping patients, it could help reduce physician burnout and improve the human interpersonal relationships between doctors and their patients,” Linos said. “I have no doubt that AI assistance will eventually be used in all medical specialties. The key question is how we make sure it is used in a way that helps all patients regardless of their background and simultaneously supports physician well-being.”

Researchers from the Karolinska Institute, the Karolinska University Hospital and the University of Nicosia contributed to the research.

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health (grants K24AR075060 and R01AR082109), Radiumhemmet Research, the Swedish Cancer Society and the Swedish Research Council.

For more news about responsible AI in health and medicine,  sign up  for the RAISE Health newsletter.

Register  for the RAISE Health Symposium on May 14.

About Stanford Medicine

Stanford Medicine is an integrated academic health system comprising the Stanford School of Medicine and adult and pediatric health care delivery systems. Together, they harness the full potential of biomedicine through collaborative research, education and clinical care for patients. For more information, please visit med.stanford.edu .

Artificial intelligence

Exploring ways AI is applied to health care

An official website of the United States government

The .gov means it’s official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

• Publications
• Account settings

Preview improvements coming to the PMC website in October 2024. Learn More or Try it out now .

• Advanced Search
• Journal List
• Elsevier - PMC COVID-19 Collection

Review of Learning Tools for Effective Radiology Education During the COVID-19 Era

1 University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky

Andres Ayoob

2 Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose St, HX 316, Lexington, KY 40536

Terry S. Desser

3 Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California

Aman Khurana

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly disrupted medical education around the world and created the risk of students missing vital education and experience previously held within actively engaging in-person activities by switching to online leaning and teaching activities. To retain educational yield, active learning strategies, such as microlearning and visual learning tools are increasingly utilized in the new digital format. This article will introduce the challenges of a digital learning environment, review the efficacy of applying microlearning and visual learning strategies, and demonstrate tools that can reinforce radiology education in this constantly evolving digital era such as innovative tablet apps and tools. This will be key in preserving and augmenting essential medical teaching in the currently trying socially and physically distant times of COVID-19 as well as in similar future scenarios.

INTRODUCTION

In recent decades, there has been a shift in medical teaching from passive didactic formats to more active learning strategies ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ). This is due to the greater education yields produced by these active learning methods compared to passive learning ( 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ). There has also been a gradual trend towards moving certain aspects of education online due to the practicality and cost-efficiency offered ( 9 , 10 ). These online modules are not chosen because of their ability to outperform traditional in-person teaching models but because they can provide additional benefits when paired with supplementary active learning strategies, such as lessening geographical and temporal constraints upon students, allowing for a greater range of material dissemination by various online platforms, and increasing adaptability based on the needs of each student ( 10 , 11 , 12 ).

During the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there has been an abrupt change in the curricula of medical institutions ( 13 ). The most effective method for curtailing the rapid spread of the virus is through physical distancing and therefore the online mode of teaching has seen a sudden surge in its use ( 14 ). With this shift to online formats, schools unaccustomed to this methodology are at risk of defaulting back into the primarily didactic passive lecturing styles of the past, such as simple uploads of PowerPoint lecture videos etc. ( 15 ). This could prove problematic for the current generation of future physicians as the training they receive will be less interactive compared to the traditional, in-person, small group-based teaching methods available to their predecessors and successors who trained in normal societal conditions.

To retain educational yield on par with levels of recent times, creative strategies that involve active learning through digital technology are necessary. Ideas have already been proposed on how to make learning more engaging, effective, and appealing during this time for students such as gamification, synchronous case reviews, and flipped classroom techniques ( 16 , 17 , 18 ). Another such method is the strategy of microlearning which can address the concerns of passive learning formats and recover educational yield lost with an online transition. Microlearning revolves around lessons utilizing small, bite-sized amounts of information that is easily digestible for students in one sitting and taught in a step-by-step manner. This strategy is primarily focused upon making short and readily repeatable connections between small learning units which hastens development of critical thinking and clinical reasoning. Microlearning has commonly been implemented inside digital teaching frameworks and can have significant performance benefits with examples such as mobile apps for nursing, interactive online case-based medical trainings, social media group learning, and more ( 12 , 19 , 20 ). Microlearning has been coupled with visual learning tools to further leverage teaching benefits ( 21 , 22 , 23 ). This is relevant for radiologists in training because they need to develop a high degree of visual acuity and familiarity with a multitude of imaging features to differentiate the spectrum of normal from pathological conditions and be prepared for independence in the field. Visual learning tools like 3D imaging software have been shown to improve diagnostic abilities in undergraduate radiology ( 24 ).

This article will introduce digital learning, review the efficacy of applying microlearning and visual learning, and demonstrate some of the tools that can serve to bolster medical and radiology education during this era where the newer teaching strategies are in demand.

IMPACT OF COVID-19

In response to the novel COVID-19 pandemic, the primary goal of many countries was to protect the most vulnerable from infection and decrease major surges that overwhelm hospital capacities. To accomplish this, many nations’ responses included public health initiatives like handwashing, mask-wearing, contact tracing, and social distancing ( 25 ). One of these initiatives involved minimizing viral transmission risk by mandating social distancing practices in areas where large groups gather such as educational institutions. At the height of this response on April 24 2020, approximately 1.48 billion learners around the world had education impacted by COVID-19, which represents 84.5% of the entire global education population ( 26 , 27 ).

As a result, medical institutions in all fields were forced to implement changes to their teaching curricula on very short notice ( 28 ). For preclinical medical students, their anatomy and radiology curricula were unable to employ previously commonplace teaching methods of the past like face-to-face teaching, cadaver dissections, ultrasound practice, and laboratory sessions ( 15 ). The legacy of curricular gaps has the potential to lead to struggles within their clinical years and shortcomings in their foundational knowledge that will be carried forward with them long term. The primary radiology pedagogical methods for medical students in clinical years before the pandemic held great weight for in-person teaching methods such as hands-on workshops, team-based learning, and clinical shadowing which have been difficult to keep afloat during the pandemic ( 15 , 29 ). In respect to radiology residents and fellows, the pandemic resulted in academic radiologists spreading out within their medical facilities or in their homes. This rapid change from the traditional shoulder to shoulder workstation approach has disrupted teaching which previously involved learning from radiologists on rotation and in-person teaching formats like hot-seat type questioning, reviewing peers’ scans, and hands-on procedures ( 14 ).

With respect to radiology residents and fellows, their educational part of the training has also been deprioritized in favor of providing urgently needed clinical service amid the growing pandemic. Residents and fellows may now feel as though their role is more ambiguous due to experiencing lower volumes of elective and nonurgent clinical procedures ( 30 , 31 ). Learning-related travel to onsite radiology meetings and certain clinical experiences have been curtailed, which can ultimately result in a reduced knowledge base and hindered advancement to independent practice ( 14 , 28 ).

Nevertheless, one upside to the disruptions of the COVID pandemic was the forced re-imagining of radiology operations, including clinical care, and teaching, necessitated by social distancing mandates ( 32 ). Over time, strategies have emerged for digital teaching and remote learning that offer more opportunities for scheduling flexibility, work-life integration, and access. For example, video conferencing over platforms such as Zoom enable sharing of educational conferences in real time with trainees dispersed among multiple sites such as outpatient clinics, affiliated hospitals, or even providing childcare at home. Interesting case or “hot-seat” type conferences can potentially be held with multiple training programs sharing cases with one another, and didactic conferences can be archived for trainees to view on demand when convenient. With “necessity as the mother of invention,” new paradigms such as these may ultimately prove to be advantageous and sustainable even after the COVID pandemic subsides.

DIGITAL LEARNING

Digital learning has been a growing trend in recent years but now has been thrust into the mainstream spotlight with the shift of teaching onto online platforms due to safety concerns of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Even before the pandemic, medical schools were put under increasing pressure to adopt digital methods due to decreasing funding, increased geographical dispersal of students, rising student body populations, and competition from other global schools advancing their teaching efficacy ( 33 ). In terms of educational yield, these distance learning environments are favored because, when using interactive means, they can have equal or better outcomes than similar in-person methods but also offer additional benefits over in-person settings ( 10 ). Before the pandemic required physical distancing, eLearning's main advantages came from its potential to offer greater degrees of convenience, customization, and cost-efficiency compared to that of a traditional classroom. Some schools have also employed web-based teaching in the past as a solution to the problems of ensuring a consistent curriculum across their spread-out facilities ( 34 ). In radiology teaching, web-based methods have shown greater educational yield for image interpretation and case studies ( 9 , 35 , 36 , 37 ). The main disadvantages with supplementing traditional curricula with digital learning portions involved the learning curve to utilize the technology and the extra financial burden that exacerbates the conditions of less socioeconomically fortunate students ( 38 ).

There are two main differences in the digital learning of the present compared to that of the past. One is that medical learners will have less exposure to core in-person activities such as interventional procedures, conferences, and patient encounters. The other difference is that the institutions that implemented this digital methodology in the past were able to carefully craft a curriculum to effectively teach their students whereas those affected by the pandemic did not have enough time to implement it. Reliance upon passive didactic eLearning in place of active learning methods can jeopardize the future of not just radiology learners but those of all disciplines as this sudden shift impacts the essential areas of education ( 28 , 29 , 39 ). Active learning has been defined as “involving students in doing things and thinking about the things they are doing” ( 40 ). In contradistinction to passive listening during a traditional lecture, students are engaged to think at higher cognitive levels through purposefully crafted learning activities. Active learning has been shown to have several benefits including improved learner attention and increased learner motivation.

In regards to this online transition, various active learning methods such as a) procedural simulations, b) case-based learning, c) gamification, and d) flipped classroom teaching have been popular suggestions ( 41 , 42 ).

For many hospitals, a) procedural simulation equipment can be split into time blocks for small-groups or individual use to maintain physical distancing which has re-sparked interest in this field in the COVID-19 era. Ideas to move simulations outside of the hospital like computer-based virtual reality have also been proposed which could also serve towards both retaining educational yield within pandemic times but also potentially add more hours of practice to previously constrained training areas like interventional radiology and surgery ( 43 ). b) Case-based learning (CBL) is a method of teaching in which active learning occurs in the context of clinical cases. CBL “links theory to practice, through the application of knowledge to the cases using inquiry-based learning methods” ( 44 ). It helps prepare students for clinical practice through emphasizing problem-solving and clinical reasoning. c) Gamification uses game design elements, such as point systems, leaderboards, badges, and rewards, in traditional nongame contexts ( 45 , 46 ). Regarding education, game design elements can be applied to existing learning activities to facilitate achievement of the activities’ learning objectives ( 47 ). Gamification has been applied to education in an effort to improve learning outcomes by fostering motivation to learn, increasing engagement and interaction, providing real time feedback to the learner, and lessening learners’ fear of failure ( 48 ). d) Flipped classroom teaching is a “pedagogical approach in which instruction moves from the group learning space to the individual learning space and the resulting group space is transformed into a dynamic, interactive learning environment where the educator guides students as they apply concepts and engage creatively in the subject matter” ( 49 ). With flipped teaching, students are introduced to material before group instruction occurs in the classroom. Pre-class material can be delivered through a variety of methods such as podcasts, screencasts, or readings from books or articles and can be learned by students at their own pace. The classroom or group space used for student-centered active learning activities is designed to simulate higher-order cognitive skills and demonstrate clinical relevance. This format maximizes use of face-time with the instructor, fosters deep learning through engagement, illustrates clinical application of material, encourages peer learning and knowledge sharing, and increases student ownership of the learning process ( 50 ). Flipped teaching has been studied across the educational spectrum from secondary to professional schools. Benefits to flipped teaching include improved student satisfaction, increased attendance, and decreased failure rates ( 51 ).

Digital learning alone is usually not enough and therefore coupling with microlearning strategies increases the palatability and breadth of these teaching methods as described in detail in the following section.

MICROLEARNING

Microlearning is a teaching methodology that involves condensing learning units into an appropriate amount of information to achieve specific short-term learning goals. This methodology gives users more opportunities to learn whenever convenient to them as they no longer are restricted by lengthy material that requires large blocks of time.

This strategy is more readily implemented into online formats rather than in-person formats due to the individualization offered. In a traditional lecture class, the instructor must consider the progression of all learners together and the course would progress without skipping information. In a digital format, the learner is progressing at their own pace so they can decide the time allocation based on their familiarity with the topic/topics. This allows the usage of microlearning specific subject blocks that the individual deems right for themselves which increases information retention compared to spreading equal amounts of time over all subjects and allows for students to feel increased satisfaction as they possess more control of their schedule ( 19 ).

Microlearning's increase in learning efficacy stems from its utilization of short learning periods and small blocks of information. Learners are able to repeat previously learned sections in shorter bursts of time which according to cognitive load theory, allows for more rehearsal, stronger neural network connections, and more conversion of short term to long-term memory ( 52 ). Due to these advantages, microlearning-based formats have seen increased use as a refresher before undertaking rare, new, or difficult procedures to promote safety and refine care ( 12 ).

There is also the benefit of increased engagement from allowing new out-of-classroom ways to have students work together in familiar digital settings like online or social media ( 53 , 54 ). Microlearning has been seen to have a significant advantage in reaching a greater audience through platforms like social media because of an increased ease at grabbing and keeping one's attention through these short and concise formats. This has led to studies designed around incorporating microlearning formats to initially draw in interested learners and lead them towards teaching methods that are more detailed like full online modules and courses to balance the measured quality of continuing medical education outcomes ( 55 ).

A disadvantage brought about by microlearning concerns the discomfort felt by traditional teachers having to switch and learn the emerging digital technologies commonly employed. Another worry is the potential for learning to become too passive when formats such as podcasts are recorded and relied upon as the main teaching material and not supplemented with active lessons ( 56 ). Inequalities also exist as not all students possess the same degree of access to technologies which is something universities must consider and account for when implementing these strategies ( 38 ). Privacy concerns exist for faculty members as some may not be aware that policies at their institutions consider this online course material as employer property. This could be worrisome if these materials become reused and outdated which would poorly reflect upon the creators so guidelines should be clearly made for instructors’ development purposes ( 12 ).

A range of previous studies have endorsed the efficacy of using microlearning techniques for health care professionals. Social media formats have been positively received such as 5 Minute Medicine which creates short links upon platforms such as Twitter and YouTube to view common disorders internal medicine residents would encounter in their patients ( 57 ). Another such usage of digital social media platforms involves the Chinese Sina Weibo platform similar to Twitter, where students completed case studies in groups and addressed disease states, drug information, patient plans, and more which was seen to improve student interaction and communication ( 58 ). Mobile devices have also been utilized to deliver supplemental text messages after class to students about pharmacological information in a way to promote repetition of cardiovascular medications which showed significant improvement compared to those students that did not participate ( 59 ). Another model applied within microlearning is just-in-time-training which provides immediate information at moments where it is needed such as letting medical students watch these videos right before they were required to perform wrist splint procedures which was seen to decrease overall learning time, bolster performance, and can provide immense value to remote areas of the world where trained health professionals or educational resources are scarce ( 60 ). Another study made use of digital recording technologies by creating audiovisual screencasts of embryology for medical students to help supplement the course material and allow for quick reviews outside of class ( 61 ).

The utilization of microlearning often comes with supplementary visual learning cues to further leverage the teaching benefits ( 21 , 22 , 23 ) which are discussed below.

VISUAL LEARNING

Visual learning has long been used as a supplementary tool to teach a variety of skill levels ranging from young children to medical professionals ( 62 , 63 ). An inherent advantage of visual teaching is allowing the learner the ability to utilize dual coding of information into memory via both verbal association and visual imagery, which aids learning ( 64 ).

For radiology, the ability to have effective visual learning tools in place has been seen to significantly enhance learning and engagement ( 24 , 65 , 66 ). The concept of drawing and sharing learned information has been shown to have efficacious mnemonic properties through the utilization of elaborative processing ( 67 ). The act of drawing out learned information is not a new concept, but what is notable is the increased ease of drawing and sharing this information on digital platforms with no physical constraints. In recent years, technological innovations have made readily available resources for visual learning in radiology like tablet drawing applications and 3D human atlases which allow increased comprehension of difficult anatomy ( 68 ).

Education costs can be further decreased through the usage of online visual learning tools like 3D Human atlas technology, which can help conceptualize anatomical areas without the need for expensive cadaver dissections nor the safety risk of caustic chemicals ( 33 ). The 3D atlas technology additionally can allow students to view past what is feasible in traditional cadaver labs by giving them microdetails of anatomical structures, joint movements, muscle attachments, and muscle actions. Compared to learning these anatomical concepts from a 2D textbook, the 3D atlases allows the ability to add or remove layers and rotate the anatomical structures in real-time to gain a greater sense of the structure's three-dimensionality ( 24 ).

Visual learning can be readily introduced through iPad® tools like Procreate®, Visible Body Human Atlas®, etc. The following sections will highlight the features of the Procreate® drawing tool and Visible Body Human Atlas® and its application in digital radiologic microteaching/microlearning. In the recent decades, websites such as StatDx® and Radprimer® have been popular and successful by combining the previous methods of digital, visual and microlearning opportunities for learners to complete on their own time with directed questions and links to topics while providing artistic renderings of pathologies to assist in understanding various pathologic entities and anatomy. A few of these visual learning applications used in day-to-day teaching at our medical center are introduced in the following.

VISUAL AND DIGITAL LEARNING TOOLS HIGHLIGHTS

Procreate®.

Tablet drawing apps such as Procreate® are very commonly used by artists but are excellent for creating radiology figures. It includes various drawing tools such as brushes, pencils, charcoals etc. to create the perfect anatomical graphic and an eraser tool to edit a pre-created anatomical graphic to highlight different anatomical variants or pathological entities when creating teaching material ( Fig 1 A). Multiple layers can be embedded in the same figure for added functionalities such as highlighting and editing specific portions of the figure ( Fig 1 B). These features are also highlighted by this example of perianal fistulas which was achieved by copying and pasting the same coronal anatomical graphic multiple times in this figure and then drawing out the different pathologies (perianal fistulas) for comprehensive teaching ( Fig 2 ). Crisp formattable text can be added to any figure ( Fig 3 A) and by using the grid pattern as a drawing guide, text labels can be carefully adjusted to create publication quality figures ( Fig 3 B).

Procreate® erasing and layering: (A) Eraser functionality (circle) to erase content from an anatomical graphic to highlight certain pathological processes, for example differences between renal scarring & fetal lobulation in the left graphic. (B) Layers off & on functionality (circle) to showcase gross and intraoperative correlation to highlight the hand-drawn pathological abnormality.

Procreate® copy and pasting: (A) Functionality to copy an anatomical graphic (circle) and paste it across a figure to highlight different pathological processes. (B) Multiple Coronal anal canal graphics copy and pasted in the previous subpart now showing various types of Perianal fistulae (arrows).

Procreate® add text and drawing guide: (A) Functionality to add crisp text (circle) when creating figure titles and labels. (B) In-built grid pattern can be used as a guide to adjust the positioning of figures and text labels (arrows).

Visible Body Human Atlas®

Digital human atlases have pioneered anatomical teaching in the last few decades providing an excellent alternative to cadaveric dissection. Recently this technology is widely available on touch screen devices such as tablets and smartphones where students can rotate anatomical structures in real time using applications such as the Visible Body Human Atlas® app. One such example is to highlight the spatial correlation of celiac ganglion to the peripancreatic vasculature to teach its involvement in pancreatic cancer especially when the student can rotate the 3D rendered model to match the plane used for axial CT examinations ( Fig 4 ). This application even provides side-by-side comparisons of cross-sectional radiological images with 3D rendered models of abdominal anatomy which are essential for first year radiology resident and medical student education ( Fig 5 ). Different anatomical structures within the same organ or anatomical region can be added to the 3D rendered model which are then highlighted with tags for the best teaching experience ( Fig 6 A). Lastly, graphics created in this app can be exported to drawing apps such as Procreate® (highlighted previously) to create different normal variants for the purposes of teaching and showcasing subtle anatomical differences ( Fig 6 B).

Visible Body Human Atlas® 3D rotation: Screenshot demonstrating 3D correlation of celiac ganglion (arrows) to adjacent anatomical structures with ability to rotate this three dimensional anatomy to match an axial CT scan for better understanding of celiac ganglion's correlation to the peripancreatic vasculature.

Visible Body Human Atlas® cross sectional correlation: Functionality to make cross sectional radiological image comparisons with a 3D rendered model of abdominal anatomy at similar levels for a more comprehensive anatomical-radiologic correlation.

Visible Body Human Atlas® tag and export function: (A) Ability to add or delete anatomical structures with appropriate tags (arrows) in a 3D rendered model. (B) Anatomical graphics from Visible Body Human Atlas® can be exported to applications like Procreate® to create and showcase different anatomical variants.

Radiology teaching needs to adapt to the constantly evolving digital era through the usage of microlearning and innovative tablet apps and tools. These learning and teaching strategies are not new but accentuated due to safety concerns of COVID-19 pandemic. Some potential next-steps institutions can take include helping faculty understand these methods, designating champions within the staff to facilitate adoption and adaptation, and by monitoring student satisfaction and performance. The barriers to adoption of these learning styles are mainly focused upon the time commitment needed to transition modalities and the monetary funds needed for product support. Schools can use these methods to augment the teaching of their digital curricula in order the preserve the educational yield on par with levels of their original models by utilizing microlearning strategies to maintain the amount of active learning. This will be key in maintaining essential medical teaching in the currently trying socially and physically distant times of COVID-19 as well as in similar future scenarios.

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Dr. Aya Kamaya (Professor, Body Imaging, Stanford University) for her feedback regarding the manuscript content and figures.