market research fitness analysis

Fitness Market 2024: Size, Revenue & Growth (+ Research Report)

Published by caroline @ wellness creative co on 6 january 2024 6 january 2024.

The fitness market is evolving at an incredible pace  with new business models, training concepts, and trends emerging constantly. Despite setbacks in 2020, the sector has demonstrated how quickly it can adapt with online and virtual training now mainstream activities. 

In this article  – we’ve collated the latest fitness market data and statistics including size, growth, biggest brands, and online segments.

If you’re currently running (or thinking of starting) a fitness business, then it’s important to have a good grasp of the market. Understanding the size of the opportunity, predicted growth, and current trends will help you create an effective business strategy.

• Global fitness market
• US fitness market data
• Biggest fitness club operators
• Top fitness franchises
• Online market segment
• Fitness market research report

We’ve spent 15+ years working in the fitness industry , from leading gym chains to global equipment manufacturers, so know the market inside-out. We proactively study the ever-changing landscape, highlight new trends, and analyse the big players . For the last 5 years, we’ve shared this expertise with the wider industry through our articles and Research Reports which are available to purchase.

Global Fitness Market

The global health and fitness club market is worth approximately $88.5 billion , with  200,000 clubs and over 184 million members worldwide. This is (unsurprisingly) a decrease in revenue since 2019 and flat in terms of memberships.

The fitness market is currently growing at 7.5% per year based on gym and health club revenue statistics . However, this doesn’t include all of the related industries within fitness , such as equipment , trackers, apps , or supplements . For more detailed info on each of these fitness segments, take a look at our dedicated articles…

• Fitness Equipment Market Overview
• Fitness Apps Market
• Fitness Tracker & Wearables Market (coming soon)

US Fitness Market Size

The US is the world’s largest health and wellness market , with 31,028 clubs. This is 10,000 less than three years ago, which equates to an annual growth rate of -9% (it was +4.5% pre-Covid ). Industry revenue is rebounding and is currently estimated at $10.7 billion.

Over 64.2 million Americans belonged to at least one health club, many holding memberships to both ‘traditional’ and ’boutique’ facilities. Visits to health clubs, gyms, and studios have surpassed 6 billion. This is an average of 94 visits per person .

Although the gym industry has a reputation for a high turnover of members, the average retention rate is 72.4%. And recent workout statistics show that 40% of people consider  wellness a top priority  so there’s plenty of demand for gym services.

You might also like… Our Fitness Industry Insights & Research Hub where you can find all of the latest data and trend info in one place.

Biggest Club Operators

Gym operators based in the US dominate the top 10. LA Fitness has regained it’s position as the largest fitness operator in the world, with revenue of $2.6 billion last year.

Here are the current industry leaders based on revenue…

• LA Fitness – $2.6 billion
• 24 Hour Fitness – $2.6 billion*
• Life Time Fitness – $1.8 billion
• Invited (ex ClubCorp) – $1.7 billion
• Anytime Fitness – $1.5 billion
• Planet Fitness – 936.8m
• Pure Gym $607m
• Virgin Active – $556m
• Gold’s Gym – $580m
• Central Sports – $321.74m

*Recent data isn’t available on 24 Hour Fitness so this reflects their 2021 revenue – we’ll update this list once all the financial info is available. 

Top Fitness Franchises

Entrepreneur’s 2024 Franchise List includes three fitness brands in its top 100. Crunch Fitness ranks highest at #29, ahead of Anytime Fitness (#77) and Orange Theory (#96). Planet Fitness and F45 Training, the top two franchises in 2023, no longer rank in the top 500 in 2024.

You might also like… our articles on Fitness Franchises , Yoga Industry Insights, Growth Areas & Trends , or the rapidly growing Nutrition Market .

Also featuring in the top 500 are The Exercise Coach, Gold’s Gym, Club Pilates, Pure Barre, Burn Boot Camp, CycleBar, and Workout Anytime 24/7. Their rankings reflect the impact of new trends towards fitness on-demand, HIIT, and boutique experiences .

Online Fitness Market

There’s no doubt that 2020 saw online fitness training go mainstream. Global events accelerated the sector’s growth and helped establish it as a viable option for consumers around the world.

• Prior to the pandemic, the online fitness market was valued at $6bn.
• It’s predicted to grow at 33.1% CAGR, hitting $59bn by 2027 .
• North America currently has the greatest market share but Asia Pacific is expected to see the largest growth in the future.

It’s clear from this data that fitness is a growth industry with steady increases in market revenue since 2020. The factors driving demand, such as rising obesity levels, aging populations, and growing consumer interest in health, all look set to continue. So, there’s no doubt that the fitness market will also continue growing – the key to tapping into it will be finding the best segment and audience to focus on.

Buy Our Complete Fitness Market Research Report

This is the most  comprehensive and up-to-date health and fitness market report available. Unlike others, you get extended access to the 2024 edition , including any updates that are made as new industry data becomes available. Ideal for business planning , the 90-page report includes;

• Fitness industry revenue & growth by market segment
• Gym market size, growth & membership statistics
• Online, virtual & interactive fitness market developments
• Financial information for the largest club operators globally
• Biggest & fastest growing fitness franchises
• Insights into the boutique fitness studio & personal training segments
• Latest industry trends & how to capitalise on them
• Growth markets, segments & audiences including Millennials
• Data on fitness tracker, app & equipment segments
• Outlook & evidence-based predictions for the future of the industry
• 14-day money-back guarantee, no questions or hassle.

Note: Data is correct at the time of publishing, but it’s important to do your own local research when making business decisions.

Caroline @ Wellness Creative Co

Qualified personal trainer (BSc Sports Science) & nutritionist (MSc Human Nutrition) with 15+ years of fitness & wellness marketing experience working with global brands.

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Fitness Industry Statistics 2021-2028 [Market Research]

To better understand the current state of the fitness industry and the future of fitness, we researched and analyzed hundreds of studies on each individual segment and compiled them into an overview of 15+ fitness industry statistics.

Top Fitness Industry Statistics 2021

• The fitness industry experienced a 32.45% decline in revenue during 2020 but is projected to rebound to 0.55% pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2021
• Worth nearly 160 billion in 2021, the fitness industry is expected to grow 171.75% to 434.74 billion USD by 2028
• The industries hit the hardest by the pandemic were the gym, health club, and boutique fitness studio industries
• They declined up to 58.30% in the first year of the pandemic
• In 2021, they are projected to still be down 22.5% from their pre-pandemic revenue levels in 2019
• Meanwhile, online/digital fitness, fitness apps, fitness equipment, and fitness tracker markets all experienced significant growth due to the pandemic
• Experiencing a revenue growth of 40.61% in 2020
• Projected to be up 66.32% by the end of 2021, in comparison to their pre-pandemic levels
• From 2021 to 2028, the online/digital fitness industry is projected to have the highest growth rate of 33.10% per year
• The industry with the lowest compound annual growth rate (CAGR) is the gym industry, growing at a rate of 7.21% per year

The research and data provided come from hundreds of hours spent researching and analyzing data on the different segments within the fitness industry. Specifically, the data is referencing research from:

• 77 Gym Membership Statistics, Facts, and Trends [2020/2021]
• 200+ Gym Industry Statistics 2021 [Global Analysis]
• 45+ Boutique Fitness Statistics 2021 [Research Review]
• 90+ Fitness Equipment Statistics 2021/2022 [Research Review]
• 40+ Online Fitness Statistics for 2021/2022 [Research Review]
• 100+ Fitness App Statistics 2021/2022 [Research Review]
• 50+ Wearable Fitness Tracker Statistics 2021

Fitness industry revenue: 2019 - 2028

As of 2019, the Fitness Industry was worth approximately 159.10 billion, hitting a peak before experiencing a 32.45% decline in 2020. 

It is projected that the industry will rebound to its pre-pandemic levels by the end of 2021, to an approximate revenue of 159.98 billion USD, and continue growing to 190.56 billion in 2022.

Projections estimate that the industry will reach a revenue of 434.74 billion by 2028, growing 171.75% from 2021. 

Pandemics impact on segments of the fitness industry market

With the gym industry’s greater than 50% decline in revenue in 2020, it was the first time that gyms didn’t make up more than half of the fitness industry’s revenue. That’s because the other segments combined for 54.03% of the total market revenue. 

The fitness equipment industry saw the greatest growth during the first year of the pandemic - increasing 50.6% from 6.8 billion in 2019 to 10.2 billion in 2020. 

While the industry with the greatest growth over the course of the entire pandemic is the online/digital fitness industry. Supplying on-demand, live-streamed, and pre-recorded fitness content online exploded by 76.7% from 6.1 billion in 2019 to 10.7 billion by the end of 2021.

The other segments experiencing growth were wearable fitness trackers (up 63.8% from 2019 - 2021) and fitness apps (up 65.2% from 2019 - 2021). 

Meanwhile, the boutique fitness industry has experienced the greatest decline, dropping 58.3% in 2020 and still down 51.2% by the end of 2021. 

Future of the fitness industry by segment 2019 - 2028

The gym industry has long been the major pillar of the fitness industry, accounting for 61% of the industry’s revenue as of 2019 (96.7 billion in revenue). 

With other segments in the industry experiencing growth, it is expected that the gym industry will only account for 30% of the fitness industry’s revenue by 2028 (131.9 billion in revenue).

The two major segments taking up more of the market share are:

• Fitness trackers - Expected to go from 16% market share in 2019 (25.6 billion in revenue) to 26% in 2028 (114.3 billion in revenue)
• Online/digital fitness - Expected to go from 4% market share in 2019 (6.1 billion in revenue) to 18% market share in 2028 (79.3 billion in revenue)

The two segments with the lowest market shares in 2021 and 2028 are:

• Fitness apps - Expected to go from 3% market share in 2021 (4.7 billion) to 5% in 2028 (20.8 billion)
• Fitness equipment - Expected to go from 7% market share in 2021 (11.3 billion) to 7% in 2028 (31.9 billion)

Fitness industry growth 2021 to 2028

The fastest-growing segment in the fitness industry is the online/digital fitness industry. Revenue generated around delivering live-streamed, on-demand, and pre-recorded fitness content is expected to grow 33.1% each year, for a total growth of 640.1% from 2021 to 2028.

Fitness apps have the second-highest CAGR (compound annual growth rate) at 23.5%, expecting to grow 338.2% over the 7 year period. 

Meanwhile, the segment expecting the second-highest overall growth over the 7 year period is boutique fitness, expecting to grow 450% from 2021 to 2028. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has directly affected the fitness industry in 2020 as many gyms and fitness centers were forced to shut down operations to reduce the spread of the virus. The fitness industry suffered a huge decline in revenue, but is expected to start to recover in 2021 and the succeeding years as people put more emphasis on their health and well-being.

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Use of content

• If you want to know more about the fitness industry statistics, you are more than welcome to reach out to Nick Rizzo at [email protected]. He’s also available to do interviews.
• Feel free to use data found in this article on any online publication. We only request that you link back to this original source.

Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US - Market Size, Industry Analysis, Trends and Forecasts (2024-2029)

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Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US

Industry Revenue

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Market share concentration for the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US is , which means the top four companies generate of industry revenue.

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Table of Contents

About this industry, industry definition, what's included in this industry, industry code, related industries, domestic industries, competitors, complementors, international industries, performance, key takeaways, revenue highlights, employment highlights, business highlights, profit highlights, current performance.

What's driving current industry performance in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

What's driving the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry outlook?

What influences volatility in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

• Industry Volatility vs. Revenue Growth Matrix

What determines the industry life cycle stage in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

• Industry Life Cycle Matrix

Products and Markets

Products and services.

• Products and Services Segmentation

How are the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry's products and services performing?

What are innovations in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry's products and services?

Major Markets

• Major Market Segmentation

What influences demand in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

International Trade

• Industry Concentration of Imports by Country
• Industry Concentration of Exports by Country
• Industry Trade Balance by Country

What are the import trends in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

What are the export trends in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Geographic Breakdown

Business locations.

• Share of Total Industry Establishments by Region ( )

Data Tables

• Number of Establishments by Region ( )
• Share of Establishments vs. Population of Each Region

What regions are businesses in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry located?

Competitive Forces

Concentration.

• Combined Market Share of the Four Largest Companies in This Industry ( )
• Share of Total Enterprises by Employment Size

What impacts market share in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Barriers to Entry

What challenges do potential entrants in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Substitutes

What are substitutes in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Buyer and Supplier Power

• Upstream Buyers and Downstream Suppliers in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry

What power do buyers and suppliers have over the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US?

Market Share

Top companies by market share:

• Market share
• Profit Margin

Company Snapshots

Company details, summary, charts and analysis available for

Company Details

• Total revenue
• Total operating income
• Total employees
• Industry market share

Company Summary

• Description
• Brands and trading names
• Other industries

What's influencing the company's performance?

External Environment

External drivers.

What demographic and macroeconomic factors impact the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Regulation and Policy

What regulations impact the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

What assistance is available to the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Financial Benchmarks

Cost structure.

• Share of Economy vs. Investment Matrix
• Depreciation

What trends impact cost in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US industry?

Financial Ratios

• 3-4 Industry Multiples (2018-2023)
• 15-20 Income Statement Line Items (2018-2023)
• 20-30 Balance Sheet Line Items (2018-2023)
• 7-10 Liquidity Ratios (2018-2023)
• 1-5 Coverage Ratios (2018-2023)
• 3-4 Leverage Ratios (2018-2023)
• 3-5 Operating Ratios (2018-2023)
• 5 Cash Flow and Debt Service Ratios (2018-2023)
• 1 Tax Structure Ratio (2018-2023)

Data tables

• IVA/Revenue ( )
• Imports/Demand ( )
• Exports/Revenue ( )
• Revenue per Employee ( )
• Wages/Revenue ( )
• Employees per Establishment ( )
• Average Wage ( )

Key Statistics

Industry data.

Including values and annual change:

• Revenue ( )
• Establishments ( )
• Enterprises ( )
• Employment ( )
• Exports ( )
• Imports ( )

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the market size of the gym, health & fitness clubs industry in the us.

The market size of the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US is measured at in .

How fast is the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US market projected to grow in the future?

Over the next five years, the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US market is expected to . See purchase options to view the full report and get access to IBISWorld's forecast for the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US from up to .

What factors are influencing the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US market trends?

Key drivers of the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US market include .

What are the main product lines for the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US market?

The Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs in the US market offers products and services including .

Which companies are the largest players in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US?

Top companies in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US, based on the revenue generated within the industry, includes .

How many people are employed in the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US?

The Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US has employees in United States in .

How concentrated is the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs market in the United States?

Market share concentration is for the Gym, Health & Fitness Clubs industry in the US, with the top four companies generating of market revenue in United States in . The level of competition is overall, but is highest among smaller industry players.

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Sweating for the fitness consumer

Fitness is a “Yes, and” industry. While other goods and services compete intensely for a finite number of consumer purchases, fitness consumers continue to use a widening array of services, tools, and solutions to help them look, feel, and function better. 1 McKinsey identified wellness as “the next trillion-dollar market” in 2012. For more, see Putney Cloos, Sherina Ebrahim, Tracey Griffin, and Warren Teichner, “ Healthy, wealthy and (maybe) wise: The emerging trillion-dollar market for health and wellness ,” May 1, 2012. Our research shows that the market for health and wellness products and services is growing by 5 to 10 percent per year, depending on the region. An even more fragmented market of complementary solutions is filling the white space around new movements, activity measurement, experiences, and more.

The COVID-19 pandemic, which forced large swaths of the global population to isolate with members of their households (and their devices), has spurred the shift toward personalized at-home workouts and made overall wellness even more salient. Indeed, 40 percent of the general population surveyed now consider wellness a top priority in daily life . The growing number of fitness choices—exact counts are difficult to find, but fitness-tech apps raised a record-breaking $2 billion from investors in 2020 2 Fitness Tech Report 2020 , SportsTechX, sportstechx.com. —now seek to serve this need in increasingly diverse ways. Prior to the pandemic, the same consumer may have complemented their health club membership with a smartwatch, a social-fitness app, an at-home workout solution, and occasional boutique studio sessions with friends. As vaccines roll out globally, the question is what will happen to the fitness consumer—if their use of at-home solutions and equipment will keep them away from the gym or if they will rush back.

The answer appears to be something in between. The fitness industry is shifting from surviving the COVID-19 crisis to looking for ways to thrive in the next normal, building consumer relationships that last and grow. Providers of solutions and services for fitness practices both inside and outside the home will need to reassess their value propositions, articulate their roles in consumers’ fitness routines, and commit to an approach that will win over the right consumers for them. Specifically, providers of on-site fitness solutions should consider a more hybrid approach that keeps consumers figuratively and digitally connected; makers of in-home tools and equipment should lean into the normalization of DIY fitness; and, of course, data security should be prioritized with such a high level of connectivity. Success will accrue to those that earn consumers’ trust and a place in their fitness routines.

Nowhere to go but looking to move

The COVID-19 crisis has elevated consumers’ awareness of the importance of health and wellness, with 68 percent of survey respondents reporting that they prioritized their health more after the onset of the pandemic. Exercise is also the most commonly reported tool for relieving stress: 65 percent of gymgoers surveyed reported using exercise as stress relief. 3 The COVID era fitness consumer , IHRSA, October 2020, ihrsa.org. The share of these consumers who reported using mobile apps to fulfill health and fitness goals accordingly increased from about 50 percent before the COVID-19 outbreak to 75 percent in June 2020. 4 Jonathan Harrop, “3 predictions for the health & fitness mobile app market,” Business of Apps, June 15, 2020, businessofapps.com. Our surveys throughout the pandemic consistently found consumers exercising at home and spending on technology solutions. For example, one McKinsey survey shows that monthly consumer spending on connected fitness equipment increased by 5 percent and spending for paid apps rose about 10 percent. A little more than 10 percent of the American general population have also set up home gyms or have accessed fitness resources online during the pandemic. Of the online exercisers, 70 percent intend to maintain or increase their use of online fitness  even after the pandemic abates.

Despite this experimentation, 50 percent of consumers from one survey were less happy with their pandemic-era routines than they were with what they had before. Of these consumers, about half said their at-home workouts were not intense enough, that their at-home fitness regimens were less consistent, and that they struggled to find motivation. Indeed, 95 percent of prepandemic fitness club members reported missing at least one element of working out at the gym, 5 The COVID era fitness consumer , IHRSA, October 2020, ihrsa.org. and more than 60 percent of Americans who exercise regularly say they will likely prefer a mix of working out at a gym or studio and at home in the future. 6 Rachel King, “Most Americans plan to continue at-home workouts even once gyms fully reopen,” Fortune , August 17, 2020, fortune.com.

As vaccines roll out and pandemic restrictions ease, we have observed consumers return to gyms and studios in those markets while continuing to use alternatives to the gym. In short, consumers are finding ways to continue to take part in fitness, and industry participants will need to figure out how best to serve consumers who now use a portfolio of options.

Attracting and retaining fitness consumers for the long term

The local gym is not dead, and at-home solutions are here to stay. This should be good news for the industry even though the breadth and quality of competitive offerings has increased; our experience with drivers of membership churn shows that nothing helps drive retention more than sustained visits and workouts. For example, someone may have left too late from work to go to the gym but can do 30 minutes on their spin bike that night (for our segmentation of fitness consumers, see infographic, “Fitness consumer archetypes”).

On-site fitness: From in-person to hybrid

The pandemic has forced the $97 billion global health club industry to change its operations to limit person-to-person interaction. 7 For more on the state of the health club industry, see page 24 of 2020 IHRSA Global Report , IHRSA, June 2020, ihras.org. However, we believe that there is hope for traditional gyms and studios: 30 percent of US customers went to the gym or studio at least once in the first two weeks of February 2021, and 70 percent of fitness consumers report missing their gym as much as they miss family and friends. For fully vaccinated consumers, 35 percent went to the gym, 8 McKinsey US Consumer Sentiment Survey, May 2021. an improvement over gyms’ prepandemic market penetration of about 25 percent in the United States. As economies reopen, gyms and studios should reexamine their value propositions and place them in the context of consumers’ portfolio approach to fitness, particularly embracing their potential as third places—community hubs—where members can focus on themselves.

Reaching wellness enthusiasts, researcher-experimenters, and traditionalists can be important for gyms and studios. Wellness enthusiasts are likely to return; traditionalists who have not yet developed new habits may reincorporate gyms and studios into their routines once they feel safe. Similarly, researcher-experimenters are likely to be enticed by the variety of new options.

Crucially, gyms and studios should cultivate communities to help meet consumers’ psychological need for belonging and mutual support. Community types can vary, from ones built around leaders or experts—instructors—to supportive or competitive groups, but our research shows that they all make members feel that they are taking time for themselves. For instance, one UK gym started a virtual running club—with social media support—to foster a sense of togetherness and positive competition during the pandemic.

In addition to defining the optimal community type for the values of a club and its members, gyms and studios should clarify their value propositions for their target consumers—and, if necessary, adapt them. One opportunity area may be in reviewing floor-space utilization and productivity in a similar manner to a traditional retailer. For instance, if a gym’s members have shifted to doing independent cardiovascular exercise outside the gym, decision makers can change the gym’s layout and reallocate space accordingly. One large chain of gyms brought members outside the gym with outdoor-class experiences and launched its own streaming service for classes on demand, a reflection of the trend of many gyms’ reallocation of floor space.

To fit into consumers’ portfolios of fitness habits, gyms and studios could consider ways to partner with providers of complementary offerings. Depending on their value propositions and goals, a gym and a fitness tracker may be good partners. Even prepandemic, a fitness studio chain successfully partnered with an indoor-cycling chain using their shared value proposition of live performance tracking to motivate members. With the ongoing expansion of fit-tech capabilities, traditional on-site fitness players may have opportunities to offer data and performance tracking in innovative areas such as power measured by someone’s output in watts. To fulfill some members’ desire for connection and self-expression—consider wellness enthusiasts whose identities are built around fitness—gyms and studios can design spaces to facilitate community engagement or provide visually appealing spaces for social media posts. One cycle club has used a mural to fuel social media engagement.

Clubs can also redesign memberships and pricing to offer more flexibility for members who are now exercising in multiple ways and to optimize retention and average revenue per user. Not only did the pandemic force some competitors to close, reshaping demand and price tolerances, but it also pushed the remaining gyms and studios to offer hybrid memberships that opened the door to expanded models of price accessibility. Going forward, the fitness industry can adapt traditional pricing analysis to optimize their pricing—identifying value, matching offers to consumer segments, and timing discounts. Like many other industries, fitness businesses should commit the resources required to regularly pilot new pricing strategies and expand their offerings across the in-gym and at-home ecosystem. 9 For more on building new businesses, see “ Bringing the start-up in-house with Leap by McKinsey .”

Unfortunately, the economic shock of the pandemic resulted in more than a million lost jobs by the end of 2020. 10 Melissa Rodriguez, “U.S. fitness industry revenue dropped 58% in 2020,” IHRSA, February 25, 2021, ihrsa.org. Gyms and studios can reinforce the confidence of their staff by communicating their value propositions and staff’s roles in fulfilling those visions. Gyms and studios can also support staff in their work using technology to gather data and curate fitness resources for consumers in a fragmented market.

At the same time, gyms and studios can adjust the size of their geographic and real-estate footprint and consider opportunities to expand or contract in different areas based on their performance. Over time, M&A opportunities will emerge.

In-home and DIY fitness: From alternative to standard

Outside of gyms and studios, digital-enabled solutions have evolved from low-cost alternatives and add-ons to stand-alone offerings that are a regular part of consumers’ lives. These kinds of solutions offer convenience and personalization that can appeal to wellness enthusiasts and researcher-experimenters alike.

However, the market for in-home and DIY fitness solutions and equipment will be competitive. This is a sector that has attracted many entrepreneurs and investors, and the number of good and emerging solutions is rapidly expanding. Furthermore, with more consumers returning to the gym as economies reopen, the growth in new users for in-home equipment may slow. To prepare themselves, connected-equipment manufacturers should plan for a partial rebalancing of their customer base back toward commercial businesses and evaluate the potential returns of special equipment offerings targeted at specific consumer segments. For instance, researcher-experimenters may love connected equipment that integrates a wide variety of brand-new, high-quality content at reasonable prices, but traditionalists may seek simple analog equipment that is well made.

As with gyms and studios, solutions that have a community component can bring people together. Downloads and use of fitness and health apps grew during the pandemic, but the people seem to be the real draw. During the first few weeks of lockdown—March 9–24, 2020—overall downloads of health and fitness apps grew 27 percent, but apps that include a community component saw four times as many downloads. 11 Airnow Data Market Intelligence, Airnow Data, accessed March 17, 2021, airnowdata.com. One lesson for providers of health and fitness apps is to design and position their apps as facilitators and gateways to fitness-minded communities. Indeed, apps that enable digital streaming for live classes, sometimes involving sought-after instructors who acknowledge individual students by name, can replicate some of the sense of community people might get from an in-person group-exercise class. Large tech companies have already begun to provide their own offerings that are more like fitness ecosystems that include class curation and fitness tracking. To prepare for a time when more consumers return to gyms and studios, app providers should strengthen their user communities to keep users coming back.

An increasing need for data security

Connected-equipment manufacturers and digital fitness players need to remain vigilant in protecting themselves and their consumers. One large wearables company was compromised in a ransomware attack in July 2020 that shut down its ecosystem for users, requiring days to recover. More recently, another connected-fitness-solution provider was found to have an exposed API that would allow hackers to gain access to customer data. The potential for sensitive-information leaks or outright ransom attacks is proving a very real risk that can blindside an unprepared industry player, and data security should be a priority for companies that control consumer data. Indeed, a data breach is also a breach of trust and can jeopardize relationships with consumers.

The COVID-19 pandemic has scrambled fitness consumers’ habits, and the next phase in recovery is a prime opportunity for industry participants to reset. Selecting a target consumer segment and updating value propositions to better align with their wants and needs and responding to industry developments will help industry participants survive and thrive in the new normal.

Eric Falardeau is a partner in McKinsey’s Montréal office, John Glynn is a consultant in the Toronto office, and Olga Ostromecka is a consultant in the Wrocław office.

The authors wish to thank Sabine Becker, Tamara Charm, Anna Pione, Warren Teichner, and Alexander Thiel for their contributions to this article.

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Gyms and Fitness Centers – 2024 U.S. Market Research Report

Published: March 2024 Updated Recession Statistics & Forecasts

This 78-page industry market research report is an in-depth analysis of the $41.0 billion gyms and fitness centers industry in the United States. The market research report utilizes the most extensive set of business surveys as the foundation for over 100 market research data sets with extensive historical data (2015-2023), statistics, trend analysis, and forecasts for 2024 & the next 5 years.

The report includes market size, growth, sales & cost trends, industry dynamics, operating expenses for 26 categories, profitability, employee productivity, 10 financial ratios, 31 balance sheet metrics, extensive statistics by state and Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSAs), workforce composition statistics, market share for top 50 companies, inflation, payroll and pay range data on 46 jobs, product line breakdown, industry data sets segmented by business size, concentration, and business structure, and much more.

Report Format

Industry definition, industry scope & services, select market research report statistics.

NUMBER OF COMPANIES In 2023, there were 31,230 companies in the industry Download for historicals and forecasts of companies & locations

MARKET GROWTH The 5-year annual growth rate averaged 3.6% Download the report for more historical, annual and forecasted growth rates

MARKET SHARE The top 4 companies have 19.1% market share The report has more market share statistics

REVENUE PER LOCATION In 2023, the avg. sales per location was $1.1 million Download now for historical and forecasted revenue per company

INFLATION & PRICING Over the past 5 years, inflation averaged 2% This report has historicals, 4 years of monthly data, and 2024 & 5-year forecasts

EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY Revenue per employee is $55,343 Download now for more employee metrics

OPERATING EXPENSE BENCHMARKS 2.5% of expenses is spent on professional services Download this market research report for 24 other categories

PAY BENCHMARKS In 2023, avg. pay per employee was $16,276 The report has extensive pay statistics

ORGANIZATIONAL BENCHMARKS 0.8% of employees are in business ops & finance Download for 25 other organizational categories

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Data & methodology, key questions answered in this market research report.

How do professionals use this report? Professionals utilize this report for industry research, market sizing and evaluation, forecasting, strategic planning, sales & marketing strategy, due diligence, valuations, benchmarking, streamlining, and other analyses.

What is the market size of the gyms and fitness centers industry? This report covers the historical industry market size (2015-2023), and forecasts for 2024 and the next 5 years. This report also includes market share of the top 50 companies.

What is the outlook for the industry? This report has over a dozen market forecasts (2024 & 5 years) on total sales, companies, employees, productivity, inflation, compensation, operating expense, and others.

What industry analysis/data exists for the industry? This report covers over 100+ data sets on the gyms and fitness centers industry. Take a look at the table of contents below to see the breadth of analysis and data on the industry.

What segmentations are there on the gyms and fitness centers industry? This report segments the industry many ways including by business size, concentration (Top 50 companies), business structure, state, MSAs, and product lines.

What are the financial metrics for the industry? This report covers many financial metrics for the industry including profitability, growth, opex / revenue, 31 balance sheet items organized by liabilities, assets, and equity, and 10 financial metrics including return on sales, asset turnover, liability ratio, and net worth ratio.

What are important benchmarks for the gyms and fitness centers industry? Some of the most important benchmarks for the industry include market share, sales growth, employee productivity, operating expense breakdown, product line breakdown, span of control, and organizational composition. This report includes all of them and many more.

Report & Industry Details

NAICS Code: 713940

Number of Pages: 78

Format: PDF

Price: $295

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Table of Contents

Page 1-2 – Report Overview & Table of Contents

Page 3 – Industry Overview – Methodology – Industry Definition & Examples

Page 4 – Industry Snapshot – Revenue & Growth

Page 5 – Industry Snapshot – Costs & Profitability

Section One REVENUE & GROWTH BENCHMARKS

Page 7 – Industry Growth Details – Industry Revenues – Companies – Locations – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page 8 – Growth Benchmarks – Revenues per Company – Revenues per Location – Locations per Company – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page 9 – Breakdown of Product Lines – Percentage of Revenue from Product Lines

Page 10 – BCG Income vs. Revenue Growth Matrix – Service Subsectors vs. Industry

Page 11 – Total Revenue by Industry Segments – Concentration (Top 4, next 4, next 12, next 30 largest companies) – Business Size (1-4 employees, 5-9 employees, 10-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250+) – Business Structure (C-Corporations, S-Corporations, Partnerships, Sole Proprietorships) – Franchise Segments – Industry Average

Page 12 – Total Revenue per State – Revenue per State and State Rankings

Page 13 – Sales per Capita by State – Sales per Capita and State Rankings

Page 14-17 – Revenue per Metropolitan Statistical Area

Page 18-21 – Revenue per Capita per Metropolitan Statistical Area

Page – 22 Revenue per Company by Industry Segment – Concentration, Business Size, & Business Structure

Page – 23 Revenue per Location by Industry Segment – Concentration, Size, Structure, & Franchise

Page – 24 Revenue per Location by State – Revenue per Location and State Rankings

Page – 25-28 Revenue per Location per MSA

Page – 29 Industry Segmentation by Business Size – Segments include 1-4 employees, 5-9 employees, 10-19, 20-49, 50-99, 100-249, 250+ employees – Revenue, Companies, Locations, Employees & Payroll – Absolute Figures & % of Industry

Page – 30 Industry Consolidation Analysis – By Business Size Segments – Revenue, Companies, Locations & Employees – 2018 vs. 2023 by Business Size

Page – 31 Industry Consolidation Benchmarks – Revenue per Company, Location & Employee – 2018 vs. 2023 by Business Size

Page – 32 Industry Segmentation by Top 50 Companies – Segments include top 4, next 4, next 12, next 30, and top 50 companies by revenue – Revenue, Locations, Employees & Payroll – Absolute Figures & % of Industry

Page – 33 Sector Concentration Benchmarks – % of Sector Revenue from the Top 50 Companies – 12 Sectors

Page – 34 Industry Segmentation by Business Structure – Revenue, Companies, Locations, Employees & Payroll – Absolute Figures & % of Industry

Page – 35 Pricing & Inflation – Annual Inflation – Indexed to 2006 – 2015-2023 historicals, 2023 & 5-yr forecasts – Monthly Inflation Figures for the Past 4 Years

Page – 36 Service Subsector Growth – Revenue and 5-Year CAGR – 12 Subsectors

Page – 37 Service Subsector Analysis – Revenue per Company – Revenue per Location – 12 Subsectors

Page – 38 Service Subsector Analysis – Revenue per Employee – Payroll per Employee

SECTION TWO COST & FINANCIAL ANALYSIS

Page – 40 Profitability & Financial Ratio Analysis – Percent of Companies that are Profitable – Average Net Income as a Percent of Revenue – Financial Ratios – 10 ratios, such as Total Asset Turnover, Assets to Liabilities, Return on Net Worth, Solvency Ratio

Page – 41 Balance Sheet Benchmarks – Assets and Liabilities indexed to industry revenue at 100 – Current & Non-Current Assets: Cash, Notes & Accounts Receivable, Allowance for Bad Debts, Inventories, Treasuries & Securities, Other Current Assets, Loans to Shareholders / Mortgage, Other Investments, Depreciable Assets, Accumulated Depreciation, Land, Intangible Assets (Amortizable), Accumulated Amortization, Other Assets – Short-term, Long-term Liabilities, & Net Worth: Accounts Payable, Mortgages, Notes, Bonds due in less than 1 Yr., Other Current Liabilities, Loans from Shareholders, Mortgages, Notes, Bonds > 1 Yr., Other Liabilities, Capital Stock, Additional Paid-in Capital, Retained Earnings, Cost of Treasury Stock

Page – 42 Operating Expenses – Industry Operating Expenses – Industry Revenue vs. Operating Expense Growth – Operating Expense as a Percent of Revenue – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page 43 – Operating Expenses by Company & Location – Operating Expenses per Company – Operating Expenses per Location – Revenue vs. Expenses Growth per Location – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page – 44 Operating Expense Detail – Employee Expenses: Annual Payroll, Health Insurance, Defined Benefit Pension Plans, Defined Contribution Plans, Other Fringe Benefits, Contract Labor Costs, Incl. Temporary Help – Property Expenses: Lease and Rent for Buildings, Offices, Stores, Repairs and Maintenance to Buildings, Purchased Electricity, Purchased Fuels (except motor fuels), Water, Sewer, Refuse, Other Utility Payments – Equipment Expenses: Expensed Equipment: Lease and Rent for Machinery and Equip., Repairs, Maint. to Machinery and Equip., Depreciation and Amortization Charges, Other Materials, Parts, and Supplies – IT Expenses: Data Processing & Other Computer Services: Communication Services: Expensed Purchases of Software – Miscellaneous Expenses: Advertising and Promotional Services, Professional and Technical Services, Taxes and License Fees

Page 45 – Productivity & Industry Employment – Revenue per Employee – Total Industry Employees – Employees per Company – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page – 46 Employee Productivity by Segments – Revenue per Employee – Concentration, Business Size, Structure & Franchise

Page – 47 Employee Productivity by State – Revenue per Employee and State Rankings

Page – 48-51 Employee Productivity per MSA – Revenue per Employee

Page – 52 Industry Payroll – Payroll per Employee – Payroll per Company – Payroll per Location – 2015-2023 Historical Figures – Forecasts for 2024 and the Next 5 Years

Page – 53 Workforce Composition Benchmarks – 26 Job Categories – Management & Finance – Sales & Marketing – Technology, Engineering, Science – Service, Support & Training – Operations – Percent of Industry Employees

Page – 54 Job Categorization Pay Ranges – 26 Job Categories – Management & Finance – Sales, Service & Marketing – Operations – Pay Bands – Bottom 10% & 25%, Mean, Top 25% & 10% – Pay Bands (10%, 25%, Mean, 75%, 90%)

Page – 55 Top 20 Jobs Breakdown – Percent of Total Employees by Job – Rank Ordered by Top 20 Job Categories

Page – 56 Pay Ranges of Top 20 Jobs – Pay Bands (10%, 25%, Mean, 75%, 90%)

Page – 57 Payroll per Company by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, & Business Structure

Page – 58 Payroll per Location by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, Structure, & Franchise

Page – 59 Payroll per Employee by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, Structure, & Franchise

Page – 60 Payroll per Employee by State – Payroll per Employee – State Rankings

Page – 61-64 Payroll per Employee per MSA

Page – 65 Employees per Company by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, & Business Structure

Page – 66 Employees per Company by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, Structure, & Franchise

Page – 67 Total Employment by State – Number of Employees and State Rankings

Page – 68 Population to Every Employee by State – Number of Residents to Industry Employee – State Rankings

Page – 69-72 Total Employment per MSA

Page – 73 Locations per Company by Segments – Concentration, Business Size, & Business Structure

Page – 74-77 Locations per MSA

Product Lines Analyzed

Industry jobs analyzed, states covered, metropolitan statistical areas (msas) covered.

Abilene, TX Akron, OH Albany, GA Albany, OR Albany-Schenectady-Troy, NY Albuquerque, NM Alexandria, LA Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ Altoona, PA Amarillo, TX Ames, IA Anchorage, AK Ann Arbor, MI Anniston-Oxford-Jacksonville, AL Appleton, WI Asheville, NC Athens-Clarke County, GA Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Roswell, GA Atlantic City-Hammonton, NJ Auburn-Opelika, AL Augusta-Richmond County, GA-SC Austin-Round Rock, TX Bakersfield, CA Baltimore-Columbia-Towson, MD Bangor, ME Barnstable Town, MA Baton Rouge, LA Battle Creek, MI Bay City, MI Beaumont-Port Arthur, TX Beckley, WV Bellingham, WA Bend-Redmond, OR Billings, MT Binghamton, NY Birmingham-Hoover, AL Bismarck, ND Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, VA Bloomington, IL Bloomington, IN Bloomsburg-Berwick, PA Boise City, ID Boston-Cambridge-Newton, MA-NH Boulder, CO Bowling Green, KY Bremerton-Silverdale, WA Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, CT Brownsville-Harlingen, TX Brunswick, GA Buffalo-Cheektowaga-Niagara Falls, NY Burlington, NC Burlington-South Burlington, VT California-Lexington Park, MD Canton-Massillon, OH Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL Cape Girardeau, MO-IL Carbondale-Marion, IL Carson City, NV Casper, WY Cedar Rapids, IA Chambersburg-Waynesboro, PA Champaign-Urbana, IL Charleston, WV Charleston-North Charleston, SC Charlotte-Concord-Gastonia, NC-SC Charlottesville, VA Chattanooga, TN-GA Cheyenne, WY Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI Chico, CA Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN Clarksville, TN-KY Cleveland, TN Cleveland-Elyria, OH Coeur d’Alene, ID College Station-Bryan, TX Colorado Springs, CO Columbia, MO Columbia, SC Columbus, GA-AL Columbus, IN Columbus, OH Corpus Christi, TX Corvallis, OR Crestview-Fort Walton Beach-Destin, FL Cumberland, MD-WV Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX Dalton, GA Danville, IL Daphne-Fairhope-Foley, AL Davenport-Moline-Rock Island, IA-IL Dayton, OH Decatur, AL Decatur, IL Deltona-Daytona Beach-Ormond Beach, FL Denver-Aurora-Lakewood, CO

Des Moines-West Des Moines, IA Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI Dothan, AL Dover, DE Dubuque, IA Duluth, MN-WI Durham-Chapel Hill, NC East Stroudsburg, PA Eau Claire, WI El Centro, CA Elizabethtown-Fort Knox, KY Elkhart-Goshen, IN Elmira, NY El Paso, TX Enid, OK Erie, PA Eugene, OR Evansville, IN-KY Fairbanks, AK Fargo, ND-MN Farmington, NM Fayetteville, NC Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers, AR-MO Flagstaff, AZ Flint, MI Florence, SC Florence-Muscle Shoals, AL Fond du Lac, WI Fort Collins, CO Fort Smith, AR-OK Fort Wayne, IN Fresno, CA Gadsden, AL Gainesville, FL Gainesville, GA Gettysburg, PA Glens Falls, NY Goldsboro, NC Grand Forks, ND-MN Grand Island, NE Grand Junction, CO Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI Grants Pass, OR Great Falls, MT Greeley, CO Green Bay, WI Greensboro-High Point, NC Greenville, NC Greenville-Anderson-Mauldin, SC Gulfport-Biloxi-Pascagoula, MS Hagerstown-Martinsburg, MD-WV Hammond, LA Hanford-Corcoran, CA Harrisburg-Carlisle, PA Harrisonburg, VA Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, CT Hattiesburg, MS Hickory-Lenoir-Morganton, NC Hilton Head Island-Bluffton-Beaufort, SC Hinesville, GA Homosassa Springs, FL Hot Springs, AR Houma-Thibodaux, LA Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX Huntington-Ashland, WV-KY-OH Huntsville, AL Idaho Falls, ID Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN Iowa City, IA Ithaca, NY Jackson, MI Jackson, MS Jackson, TN Jacksonville, FL Jacksonville, NC Janesville-Beloit, WI Jefferson City, MO Johnson City, TN Johnstown, PA Jonesboro, AR Joplin, MO Kahului-Wailuku-Lahaina, HI Kalamazoo-Portage, MI Kankakee, IL Kansas City, MO-KS Kennewick-Richland, WA Killeen-Temple, TX Kingsport-Bristol-Bristol, TN-VA Kingston, NY Knoxville, TN Kokomo, IN La Crosse-Onalaska, WI-MN Lafayette, LA Lafayette-West Lafayette, IN Lake Charles, LA Lake Havasu City-Kingman, AZ Lakeland-Winter Haven, FL Lancaster, PA Lansing-East Lansing, MI

Laredo, TX Las Cruces, NM Las Vegas-Henderson-Paradise, NV Lawrence, KS Lawton, OK Lebanon, PA Lewiston, ID-WA Lewiston-Auburn, ME Lexington-Fayette, KY Lima, OH Lincoln, NE Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway, AR Logan, UT-ID Longview, TX Longview, WA Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CA Louisville/Jefferson County, KY-IN Lubbock, TX Lynchburg, VA Macon-Bibb County, GA Madera, CA Madison, WI Manchester-Nashua, NH Manhattan, KS Mankato-North Mankato, MN Mansfield, OH McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, TX Medford, OR Memphis, TN-MS-AR Merced, CA Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach, FL Michigan City-La Porte, IN Midland, MI Midland, TX Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI Missoula, MT Mobile, AL Modesto, CA Monroe, LA Monroe, MI Montgomery, AL Morgantown, WV Morristown, TN Mount Vernon-Anacortes, WA Muncie, IN Muskegon, MI Myrtle Beach-Conway-North Myrtle Beach, SC-NC Napa, CA Naples-Immokalee-Marco Island, FL Nashville-Davidson–Murfreesboro–Franklin, TN New Bern, NC New Haven-Milford, CT New Orleans-Metairie, LA New York-Newark-Jersey City, NY-NJ-PA Niles-Benton Harbor, MI North Port-Sarasota-Bradenton, FL Norwich-New London, CT Ocala, FL Ocean City, NJ Odessa, TX Ogden-Clearfield, UT Oklahoma City, OK Olympia-Tumwater, WA Omaha-Council Bluffs, NE-IA Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, FL Oshkosh-Neenah, WI Owensboro, KY Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL Panama City, FL Parkersburg-Vienna, WV Pensacola-Ferry Pass-Brent, FL Peoria, IL Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ Pine Bluff, AR Pittsburgh, PA Pittsfield, MA Pocatello, ID Portland-South Portland, ME Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Port St. Lucie, FL Prescott, AZ Providence-Warwick, RI-MA Provo-Orem, UT Pueblo, CO Punta Gorda, FL Racine, WI Raleigh, NC Rapid City, SD Reading, PA Redding, CA Reno, NV

Richmond, VA Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA Roanoke, VA Rochester, MN Rochester, NY Rockford, IL Rocky Mount, NC Rome, GA Sacramento–Roseville–Arden-Arcade, CA Saginaw, MI St. Cloud, MN St. George, UT St. Joseph, MO-KS St. Louis, MO-IL Salem, OR Salinas, CA Salisbury, MD-DE Salt Lake City, UT San Angelo, TX San Antonio-New Braunfels, TX San Diego-Carlsbad, CA San Francisco-Oakland-Hayward, CA San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA San Luis Obispo-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande, CA Santa Cruz-Watsonville, CA Santa Fe, NM Santa Maria-Santa Barbara, CA Santa Rosa, CA Savannah, GA Scranton–Wilkes-Barre–Hazleton, PA Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA Sebastian-Vero Beach, FL Sebring, FL Sheboygan, WI Sherman-Denison, TX Shreveport-Bossier City, LA Sierra Vista-Douglas, AZ Sioux City, IA-NE-SD Sioux Falls, SD South Bend-Mishawaka, IN-MI Spartanburg, SC Spokane-Spokane Valley, WA Springfield, IL Springfield, MA Springfield, MO Springfield, OH State College, PA Staunton-Waynesboro, VA Stockton-Lodi, CA Sumter, SC Syracuse, NY Tallahassee, FL Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL Terre Haute, IN Texarkana, TX-AR The Villages, FL Toledo, OH Topeka, KS Trenton, NJ Tucson, AZ Tulsa, OK Tuscaloosa, AL Tyler, TX Urban Honolulu, HI Utica-Rome, NY Valdosta, GA Vallejo-Fairfield, CA Victoria, TX Vineland-Bridgeton, NJ Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, VA-NC Visalia-Porterville, CA Waco, TX Walla Walla, WA Warner Robins, GA Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV Waterloo-Cedar Falls, IA Watertown-Fort Drum, NY Wausau, WI Weirton-Steubenville, WV-OH Wenatchee, WA Wheeling, WV-OH Wichita, KS Wichita Falls, TX Williamsport, PA Wilmington, NC Winchester, VA-WV Winston-Salem, NC Worcester, MA-CT Yakima, WA York-Hanover, PA Youngstown-Warren-Boardman, OH-PA Yuba City, CA Yuma, AZ

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Moscow - Comprehensive Overview of the City, PEST Analysis and Analysis of Key Industries including Technology, Tourism and Hospitality, Construction and Retail

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Moscow - Comprehensive Overview of the City, PEST Analysis and Analysis of Key Industries including Technology, Tourism and Hospitality, Construction and Retail report is published on May 7, 2021 and has 35 pages in it. This market research report provides information about Country PESTEL Analysis, Business & Government industry. It covers Russian Federation market data and forecasts. It is priced starting at USD 250.00 for Single User License (PDF) which allows one person to use this report.

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“City Profile - Moscow” provides historical and forecast data on key city level metrics along with analytical coverage of the latest political, economic, social, technological, infrastructural, legal and environmental issues affecting Moscow.

Moscow is the capital of the country and is the most populous city in Russia. The city has a significant economic and financial influence, accounting for a major of national GDP. Improvements in professional / business services and real estate are expected to be major drivers of growth.

The report contains detailed tourism, retail, construction, technology and public infrastructure data and insight into economic, social, and industry trends.

- The service sector remains the key contributor to the regional economy - and the major employer. - Moscow is a key tourist destination for both domestic and international tourists and witnessed a significant growth over the past two years. Strong performance is observed in the construction sector with increasing employment, number of building permits issued and building completions.

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- Gain a comprehensive knowledge of future economic and demographic trends and understand the performance of various sectors within the city. - Analyze and understand the business environment in the city to align your investment and expansion strategies. - The report helps to drive a conclusion in choosing a suitable city to invest or expand according to your business structure. - Explore new opportunities in the hospitality, tourism, construction, real estate and retail sectors.

Table of Contents City Snapshot PEST Analysis Political Economic Social Technology and Infrastructure Communications Internal Transport Networks Connectivity Airports Ports Business Environment Analysis Travel and Tourism Tourism Flows Hotels Attractions Events Construction and Real Estate Investment Real Estate Market Retail Retail Market Consumption, Income and Prices Appendix Sources Further Reading Ask the Analyst About MarketLine Disclaimer

List of Tables List of Tables Table 1: Moscow metropolitan area - key facts (estimates), 2020 Table 2: Moscow metropolitan area - real GDP and real GDP growth, 2000-25 Table 3: Moscow metropolitan area - economic growth comparison (Index 2010=100), 2000-25 Table 4: Moscow metropolitan area - GDP per capita comparison, 2000-25 (US$) Table 5: Moscow metropolitan area - employment structure, 2000-25 (% of total) Table 6: Moscow metropolitan area - main universities, 2020 Table 7: Moscow metropolitan area - population comparison, 2000-25 (million) Table 8: Moscow metropolitan area - population by age, 2000-25 (% of total) Table 9: Moscow city - mass transit network indicators, 2020 Table 10: Moscow metropolitan area - Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport, key indicators, 2018-20 Table 11: Moscow metropolitan area - Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, key indicators, 2019-20 Table 12: Moscow metropolitan area - Vnukovo Andrei Tupolev International Airport, key indicators, 2018-20 Table 13: Moscow metropolitan area - Fortune Global 500 companies, HQ in City, 2020 Table 14: Moscow city - office rents, Q4 2020 Table 15: Moscow city - hotel KPIs, 2018-20 Table 16: Moscow city - UNESCO World Heritage Sites Table 17: Moscow metropolitan area - MICE and other events

List of Figures List of Figures Figure 1: Moscow metropolitan area - real GDP and real GDP growth, 2000-25 Figure 2: Moscow metropolitan area - economic growth comparison (Index 2010=100), 2000-25 Figure 3: Moscow metropolitan area - GDP per capita comparison, 2000-25 Figure 4: Moscow metropolitan area - employment structure, 2000-25 (% of total) Figure 5: Moscow metropolitan area - population comparison, 2000-25 Figure 6: Moscow metropolitan area - population by age, 2000-25 (% of total)

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Pernas Research Q1 2024 Investment Letter

• Pernas Research LLC aims to provide high-quality actionable stock research for professional investors and RIAs.
• The Pernas Portfolio achieved a return of 4.9% in the first quarter, compared to market averages ranging from 5.1% to 10.6%.
• We are of the view that AI technology is still in the first inning and are actively seeking companies poised to benefit from this trend.
• Although there are several names under evaluation, currently our favorites are Doc Martens and Burberry, both trading well below 10x normalized P/E and both with significant growth potential.

MicroStockHub

The Pernas Portfolio achieved a return of 4.9% in the first quarter, compared to market averages ranging from 5.1% to 10.6%. The main detractors from our performance included Burberry ( OTCPK:BURBY ), smaller-cap stocks, and a high cash position. In contrast, our gains were largely driven by strong performances in META , REX American Resources & ARQ . The most significant shift this quarter involved market expectations adjusting from predicting a series of seven rate cuts to now foreseeing only three. Sectors sensitive to interest rates, like real estate and utilities, rallied late last year due to a dovish stance from the Fed but have since underperformed compared to the broader market.

The yield curve has now been inverted for 639 days, yet there is no recession in sight. In 2023, U.S. real GDP grew by 2.5%, and momentum has continued in Q1 driven by a robust labor market, burgeoning AI optimism, and re-shoring efforts supported by industrial policy. Over the past five months, the S&P 500 ( SP500 , SPX ) has surged nearly 30%, with very little downside volatility along the way. This rally, alongside the tightening of credit spreads for both investment-grade and high-yield bonds to their 2021 lows, signifies the complete departure of recessionary fears from broader market pricing.

Where we are searching for opportunities

Artificial intelligence.

We are of the view that AI technology is still in the first inning and are actively seeking companies poised to benefit from this trend. For example, in the first quarter, Alphawave ( OTCPK:AWEVF , written about here ) emerged as a potential candidate, riding the wave of accelerated networking trends where high bandwidth and low latency are imperative for AI's training and inference workloads. However, their competitive positioning was difficult to gain conviction in. Despite AI's significant hype, we believe the market is underestimating AI's long-term impact. Thus far, the primary beneficiaries of this technological wave have been corporations such as Nvidia ( NVDA ), Microsoft ( MSFT ), and Meta, along with hardware manufacturers and assemblers like Super Micro Computer ( SMCI ), Vertiv ( VRT ), and DELL who have benefited from the data center build-out for AI workloads. We believe this marks just the initial wave of advancement with future leaders in novel use applications and entirely new industries still to emerge.

United Kingdom

The UK remains a notable underperformer among developed economies, continuing to struggle with persistent Brexit-related issues. Inflation has been more stubborn than in the U.S., with real GDP growth hovering near zero. Despite our strong bias for U.S. stocks, compelling evidence suggests that UK stocks have been unduly punished. UK mid-caps valuations are currently trading at just a 23% premium above their 2009 lows, a rare occurrence indicating severely oversold conditions (see table below). Although there are several names under evaluation, currently our favorites are Doc Martens and Burberry, both trading well below 10x normalized P/E and both with significant growth potential.

U.S. Small Caps

Small caps have lagged behind U.S. large caps, with the Russell 2000 up less than half the S&P YTD. This underperformance is particularly pronounced in sectors burdened by rising debt servicing costs. Higher interest rates have a more significant impact on small caps, where ~40% of companies have variable rate debt, in contrast to just ~7% for the S&P 500. While credit spreads for the junkier credits (CCC and lower) remain around 300 basis points above their 2021 lows, those for higher-quality markets are very tight. This disparity creates opportunities to invest in indebted small caps that may be prematurely dismissed as "too risky." In line with this, we have recently taken a speculative position in Red Robin ( RRGB ) and are continuing to search for other companies with similarly attractive risk/reward profiles.

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Fitness Tracker Market Size & Share Analysis - Growth Trends & Forecasts (2024 - 2029)

The Report Covers Global Fitness Tracker Market Technology & Share by Brand and it is Segmented by Product Type (Fitness Band, Smart Watches, and Others), By Sales Channel (Offline and Online), By Wearing Type (Hand Wear, Leg Wear, Head Wear, and Others), By Application (Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Measurement, Glucose Measurement, and Others), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa, and South America).

• Fitness Tracker Market Size

Need a report that reflects how COVID-19 has impacted this market and its growth?

Fitness Tracker Market Analysis

The fitness tracker market is projected to register a CAGR of 15.7% during the forecast period (2022-2027).

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the demand for fitness tracker products has been seen increasing due to a lot of consumption and usage of these devices to monitor heart rate and oxygen levels in the body during the pandemic. This raise in adoption has resulted in increased research and development activities in the fitness tracker segment by the key players in this market. Furthermore, the demand for these fitness trackers has increased as these gadgets are also helpful in detecting COVID-19 cases in advance. For instance, according to a study conducted by Stanford University in California in 2021, smartwatches from Apple, Gramin, and Fitbit help detect Covid-19 cases before they show signs, among asymptomatic patients. Moreover, the Covid-19 pandemic has majorly increased awareness about these devices. The increased adoption has led to the rise in device development & innovation as more market players race in to deliver the growing demand and capture a higher market share. For instance, in August 2020, Fitbit Inc. launched Sense, an advanced smartwatch that features an ECG monitor, skin temperature sensor, stress management, sleep monitor, SpO2 levels monitor, built-in GPS, period tracker, and 20+ exercise modes. Thus, COVID-19 has a significant impact on the target market.

Certain factors which have contributed to the growth of the market include rising awareness among people on health, rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and obesity, and growing penetration of the internet and smartphones among others. Many people are focusing on their health and are engaged in physical activities such as walking, running, cycling, and other recreational activities. Physical activity has been shown to aid in the prevention and management of non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and a variety of malignancies. It also aids in the prevention of hypertension, the maintenance of healthy body weight, and the enhancement of mental health, quality of life, and overall well-being.

The growing prevalence of obesity and other risk factors are expected to have a significant impact on the growth of the fitness tracker market as the awareness among the people is increasing with the advancement and easy availability of the tracking devices. For example, obesity is a major risk factor for various cardiovascular disease and as per the June 2021 update of the World Health Organization (WHO), the obesity prevalence have tripled since 1975, with about 39 million children of age below five years were obese in 2020 which is expected to increase over the years and that is expected to increase the demand of the fitness tracking devices as self-awareness and disease prevalence increases, therefore fueling growth in the fitness tracker market over forecast period.

Several studies have shown that obesity results in cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep disturbances, thereby resulting in a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and deaths across the globe. For instance, in December 2021, as per the International Diabetes Federation Atlas Tenth edition of 2021 report estimated that around 537 million adults (20-79 years) are living with diabetes. The total number of people living with diabetes is projected to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. Thus, for keeping track of heart rate the demand for fitness trackers is rising continuously. Additionally, the increasing product launches by major key players are further boosting the growth of the market. For instance, in June 2020, Xiaomi launched Mi Smart Band 5. Mi Smart Band 5 offers increased fitness tracking accuracy, women's health tracking, stress evaluation, and remote shutter control, among others.

Therefore, increasing health consciousness among people and the rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and obesity will result in higher adoption of fitness tracking gadgets among people, thereby propelling the market growth. While the Data security risks and the high cost of the product obstruct industry growth. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the supply chain got disrupted for months, which in turn has increased the prices of the products hampering the market growth. The strong price pressure on manufacturers and the high costs associated with high-quality fitness trackers pose a major challenge to market growth. Rising privacy and security concerns and fierce competition from other counterfeit products further obstructed the market growth. This coupled with the lack of a strong distribution network in lagging areas is expected to limit the industry growth over the forecast period.

• Fitness Tracker Market Trends

This section covers the major market trends shaping the Fitness Tracker Market according to our research experts:

Smart Watches Segment is Expected to Witness Growth Over the Forecast Period

Wearable fitness tracking gadgets such as smartwatches have swiftly established themselves as an important part of consumer electronics. The most advantageous component of the smartwatch has been health monitoring. It helps the fitness enthusiast by providing important health parameters and provides information related to the diseases. As people are anxious about their health, it has thereby increased the shipments of fitness trackers. Because every smartwatch has a fitness tracker, its popularity is skyrocketing.

Moreover, there is a huge adoption of smartwatches among people these days and mobile chipset companies are also investing in these devices. For instance, Qualcomm, a mobile chipset company, is heavily investing in Smartwatches and powering smartwatches for children, seniors, and adults. This data also helps doctors by rendering some sophisticated and important information related to patients. This data assists medical experts in solving challenges such as determining the influence of a new drug or continuously monitoring the recovery state of an operated patient, among other things.

Smartwatch accelerometers could be used to detect convulsions and tremors, which could be useful for those with illnesses like epilepsy. When epileptic seizures occur, prompt and effective treatment is critical to reducing the risk of long-term physical harm. Smartwatches can be used to notify friends, family, and healthcare professionals about seizures that could result in hospitalization. Due to the versatile benefits of these smartwatches, there is a huge adoption of smartwatches. For instance, In July 2021, Garmin launched two health-focused smartwatches in India. These two smartwatches are Venu 2S and Venu 2 with features such as an AMOLED touchscreen with Gorilla Glass 3 protection, a health snapshot feature, and a boast of more than twenty-five built-in sports apps. Hence, such developments are expected to further accelerate the market growth in this segment.

North America is Expected to Hold a Significant Share in the Market and Expected to do Same in the Forecast Period

Increased attention on developing new products with the latest technologies in branded companies and expanding device popularity through digital marketing is expected to be reasons for North America to hold a significant share.

The United States contributes a significant share due to increased awareness about health and higher adoption of fitness trackers in the United States. The market is also expected to be driven by rising cases of health disorders associated with sedentary lifestyles, an increase in disposable incomes, the introduction of novel products by leading industry players, and the growing prevalence of smartphones and the internet in the United States.

For instance, In January 2020, According to Pew Research Center, estimated that almost one-in-five adults (21%) in the United States utilize a smartwatch or wearable, fitness tracker on the daily basis. The same source also stated that around three-in-ten Americans (31%) have household earnings of USD 75,000 or more and they regularly use a smartwatch or fitness tracker daily, compared to only 12% of those whose yearly family income is less than USD 30,000. This indicates that an increase in disposable incomes is also contributing to the growth of the fitness trackers market in the United States.

Higher adoption of fitness trackers by the United States due to the health disorders associated with sedentary lifestyles and higher disposable incomes has contributed to a higher regional share of the fitness trackers market.

Fitness Tracker Industry Overview

The fitness tracker market is fragmented and competitive and consists of several major players. In terms of market share, a few of the major players are currently dominating the market. Some of the companies which are currently dominating the market are Apple, Inc, Fitbit, Inc., Samsung Electronics Ltd., Fossil Inc., Huawei Technologies Ltd, Lenovo Group Limited, Sony Corporation, Jawbone Xiaomi, Nike, Inc, and Google, LLC.

Fitness Tracker Market Leaders

Apple, Inc.

Fitbit, Inc.

Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd

Fossil Group Inc.

Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd

*Disclaimer: Major Players sorted in no particular order

Fitness Tracker Market News

• In June 2022, Xiaomi launched its Xiaomi Band 7 fitness tracking device in the global market. This tracker is water-resistant and features over 100 sports modes.
• In January 2021, OnePlus launched a fitness band in India that features a 14-day battery life, 5ATM, and IP68 water resistance, and a dual-color band design.

Fitness Tracker Market Report - Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Study Assumptions & Market Definitions

1.2 Scope of the Study

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4. MARKET DYNAMICS

4.1 Market Overview

4.2 Market Drivers

4.2.1 Rising Awareness on Health

4.2.2 Rising Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases & Obesity

4.2.3 Growing Penetration of Internet and Smartphones

4.3 Market Restraints

4.3.1 High Cost

4.3.2 Risk of Data Theft by Tampering Connection

4.4 Porter's Five Force Analysis

4.4.1 Threat of New Entrants

4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers

4.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers

4.4.4 Threat of Substitute Products

4.4.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5. MARKET SEGMENTATION (Market Size by Value - USD million)

5.1 By Product Type

5.1.1 Fitness Band

5.1.2 Smart Watches

5.1.3 Others

5.2 By Sales Channel

5.2.1 Offline

5.2.2 Online

5.3 By Wearing Type

5.3.1 Hand Wear

5.3.2 Leg Wear

5.3.3 Head wear

5.3.4 Others

5.4 By Application

5.4.1 Heart Rate Monitoring

5.4.2 Sleep Measurement

5.4.3 Glucose Measurement

5.4.4 Women's Health

5.4.5 Others

5.5 Geography

5.5.1 North America

5.5.1.1 United States

5.5.1.2 Canada

5.5.1.3 Mexico

5.5.2 Europe

5.5.2.1 Germany

5.5.2.2 United Kingdom

5.5.2.3 France

5.5.2.4 Italy

5.5.2.5 Spain

5.5.2.6 Rest of Europe

5.5.3 Asia-Pacific

5.5.3.1 China

5.5.3.2 Japan

5.5.3.3 India

5.5.3.4 Australia

5.5.3.5 South Korea

5.5.3.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific

5.5.4 Middle East and Africa

5.5.4.1 GCC

5.5.4.2 South Africa

5.5.4.3 Rest of Middle East and Africa

5.5.5 South America

5.5.5.1 Brazil

5.5.5.2 Argentina

5.5.5.3 Rest of South America

6. COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE

6.1 Company Profiles

6.1.1 Apple, Inc.

6.1.2 Google, LLC

6.1.3 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd

6.1.4 Fossil Group Inc.

6.1.5 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd

6.1.6 Lenovo Group Limited

6.1.7 Sony Corporation

6.1.8 Jawbone

6.1.9 Xiaomi

6.1.10 Nike, Inc.

• *List Not Exhaustive

7. MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

Fitness Tracker Industry Segmentation

As per the scope of this report, a fitness tracker is a wearable gadget or a computer application that records a person's daily physical activity as well as other fitness or health statistics such as calories burnt, heart rate, and oxygen level among others. The fitness tracker market is segmented by Product Type (Fitness Band, Smart Watches, and Others), By Sales Channel (Offline and Online), By Wearing Type (Hand Wear, Leg Wear, Head Wear, and Others), By Application (Heart Rate Monitoring, Sleep Measurement, Glucose Measurement, and Others), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa, and South America). The market report also covers the estimated market sizes and trends for 17 different countries across major regions, globally. The report offers the value (in USD million) for the above segments.

Fitness Tracker Market Research FAQs

What is the current global fitness tracker market size.

The Global Fitness Tracker Market is projected to register a CAGR of 15.70% during the forecast period (2024-2029)

Who are the key players in Global Fitness Tracker Market?

Apple, Inc., Fitbit, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd, Fossil Group Inc. and Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd are the major companies operating in the Global Fitness Tracker Market.

Which is the fastest growing region in Global Fitness Tracker Market?

Asia-Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR over the forecast period (2024-2029).

Which region has the biggest share in Global Fitness Tracker Market?

In 2024, the North America accounts for the largest market share in Global Fitness Tracker Market.

What years does this Global Fitness Tracker Market cover?

The report covers the Global Fitness Tracker Market historical market size for years: 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. The report also forecasts the Global Fitness Tracker Market size for years: 2024, 2025, 2026, 2027, 2028 and 2029.

How will emerging technologies like AI impact the future of fitness trackers?

The emerging technologies like AI will impact the future of fitness trackers through a) Personalized workout plans b) Advanced sleep analysis c) Real-time coaching based on AI insights

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Fitness Tracker Industry Report

The global fitness tracker market is on a significant upswing, fueled by heightened health awareness and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. This growth is further propelled by the seamless integration of fitness trackers with smartphones and smartwatches, alongside technological advancements that make these devices more appealing to a broad spectrum of users. The market, segmented by device type, application, and distribution channel, sees smartwatches and fitness bands at the forefront, offering advanced features and affordability. With applications expanding to include comprehensive health monitoring, the online distribution channel is enhancing the market's global reach. North America leads in market share, but rapid growth is also seen in other regions, driven by a tech-savvy younger generation and rising disposable incomes. The fitness tracker market is set for substantial growth, with opportunities for both existing players and new entrants to capture a larger market share, backed by innovations and an increasing consumer focus on health. For detailed insights, Mordor Intelligence™ provides an in-depth analysis, including market share, size, and growth forecasts, available as a free report PDF download.

Fitness Tracker Market Report Snapshots

• Fitness Tracker Market Share
• Fitness Tracker Companies

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Breakdown of investment volume in real estate in Moscow (Russia) from 2019 to the 3rd quarter 2021, by sector

Investment volume in warehouse property in Russia 2006-2022

Annual investment volume in warehouse real estate in Russia from 2006 to the 3rd quarter of 2022 (in billion Russian rubles)

Volume of investment in office property in Russia 2006-2022

Annual investment volume in office real estate in Russia from 2006 to the 3rd quarter of 2022 (in billion Russian rubles)

Volume of investment in retail property in Russia 2006-2022

Annual investment volume in retail real estate in Russia from 2006 to the 3rd quarter of 2022 (in billion Russian rubles)

Commercial real estate investment in Russia 2009-2023

Investment in commercial real estate in Russia from 2009 to 1st quarter 2023 (in billion Russian rubles)

Commercial real estate investment share in Russia H1 2022, by segment

Distribution of investment in the commercial real estate in Russia in 1st half 2022, by segment

Industrial park investment in Russia 2021, by sector and type

Investment in Greenfield and Brownfield industrial parks in Russia in 2021, by sector (in billion Russian rubles)

• Premium Statistic Mortgage loan interest rate in Russia monthly 2019-2023
• Premium Statistic Annual value of mortgage loans in Russia 2015-2021
• Premium Statistic Value of loans granted for real estate activities in Russia 2010-2023
• Premium Statistic Mortgage loan annual growth rate in Russia 2012-2021
• Premium Statistic Annual mortgage loan interest rate in Russia 2016-2021
• Premium Statistic Overdue mortgage credit share in Russia 2015-2024
• Premium Statistic Leading Russian regions by mortgage loan volume in 2022

Mortgage loan interest rate in Russia monthly 2019-2023

Average weighted mortgage loan interest rate in Russia from January 2019 to September 2023

Annual value of mortgage loans in Russia 2015-2021

Annual value of mortgage loans issued in Russia from 2015 to 2021 (in trillion Russian rubles)

Value of loans granted for real estate activities in Russia 2010-2023

Total value of loans granted in the real estate activities sector in Russia from January 2010 to January 2023 (in billion Russian rubles)

Mortgage loan annual growth rate in Russia 2012-2021

Year-over-year mortgage loans volume growth in Russia from 2012 to 2021

Average weighted mortgage loan interest rate in Russia from 2016 to 2021

Overdue mortgage credit share in Russia 2015-2024

Share of overdue loans in the mortgage portfolio in Russia from 2015 to 2024

Leading Russian regions by mortgage loan volume in 2022

Leading regions by mortgage loan volume in Russia as of May 2022 (in billion Russian rubles)

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Moscow - Comprehensive Overview of the City, PEST Analysis and Key Industries Including Technology, Tourism and Hospitality, Construction and Retail

• Table of Contents
• Description
• Related Reports
• The service sector remains the key contributor to the regional economy - and the major employer.
• Moscow is a key tourist destination for both domestic and international tourists and witnessed a significant growth over the year. Strong performance is observed in the construction sector with increasing employment, number of building permits issued and building completions.
• Gain a comprehensive knowledge of future economic and demographic trends and understand the performance of various sectors within the city.
• Analyze and understand the business environment in the city to align your investment and expansion strategies.
• The report helps to drive a conclusion in choosing a suitable city to invest or expand according to your business structure.
• Explore new opportunities in the hospitality, tourism, construction, real estate and retail sectors.

City Snapshot PEST Analysis Political Economic Social Technology and Infrastructure Communications Internal Transport Networks Connectivity Airports Business Environment Analysis Travel and Tourism Tourism Flows Hotels Attractions Events Construction and Real Estate Investment Real Estate Market Retail Retail Market Consumption, Income and Prices Appendix Sources Further Reading Ask the Analyst About MarketLine Disclaimer List of Tables Table 1: Moscow metropolitan area - key facts (estimates), 2021 Table 2: Moscow metropolitan area - real GDP and real GDP growth, 2000-30 Table 3: Moscow metropolitan area - economic growth comparison (Index 2010=100), 2000-30 Table 4: Moscow metropolitan area - GDP per capita comparison, 2000-30 ($) Table 5: Moscow metropolitan area - employment structure, 2000-30 (% of total) Table 6: Moscow metropolitan area - main universities, 2021 Table 7: Moscow metropolitan area - population comparison, 2000-30 (million) Table 8: Moscow metropolitan area - population by age, 2000-30 (% of total) Table 9: Moscow city - mass transit network indicators, 2020 Table 10: Moscow metropolitan area - Sheremetyevo Alexander S. Pushkin International Airport, key indicators, 2018-21 Table 11: Moscow metropolitan area - Domodedovo Mikhail Lomonosov International Airport, key indicators, 2018-21 Table 12: Moscow city - Fortune Global 500 companies, HQ in City, 2022 Table 13: Moscow city - office rents, 2021 Table 14: Moscow region - tourists in collective accommodation facilities, 2017-H1 2022 (number) Table 15: Moscow region - overnight stays in collective accommodation facilities, 2017-H1 2022 (number) Table 16: Moscow region - key indicators of collective accommodation facilities, 2017-21 (number) Table 17: Moscow city - hotel KPIs, 2018-21 Table 18: Moscow city - UNESCO World Heritage Sites Table 19: Moscow metropolitan area - MICE and other events List of Figures Figure 1: Moscow metropolitan area - real GDP and real GDP growth, 2000-30 Figure 2: Moscow metropolitan area - economic growth comparison (Index 2010=100), 2000-30 Figure 3: Moscow metropolitan area - GDP per capita comparison, 2000-30 Figure 4: Moscow metropolitan area - employment structure, 2000-30 (% of total) Figure 5: Moscow metropolitan area - population comparison, 2000-30 Figure 6: Moscow metropolitan area - population by age, 2000-30 (% of total)

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Research: How to Close the Gender Gap in Startup Financing

• Malin Malmström,
• Barbara Burkhard,
• Charlotta Sirén,
• Dean Shepherd,
• Joakim Wincent

Three ways policymakers, financiers, and other stakeholders can mitigate gender bias in entrepreneurial funding.

A global analysis of previous research over the last three decades shows that women entrepreneurs face a higher rate of business loan denials and increased interest rates in loan decisions made by commercial bankers. Interestingly, the data also reveals that the formal and informal standing of women in a particular society can provide clues to some of the true hurdles to positive change. This article reviews these hurdles, and offers three recommendations for change.

Gender disparities persist in entrepreneurship and statistics reveal the severity of the issue. Globally, only one in three businesses is owned by women . In 2019, the share of startups with at least one female founding member was a mere 20% .

• MM Malin Malmström is a professor of entrepreneurship and innovation at Luleå University of Technology, and a director of the research center Sustainable Finance Lab in Sweden.
• BB Barbara Burkhard is a postdoctoral researcher of entrepreneurship at the Institute of Responsible Innovation at the University of St.Gallen.
• CS Charlotta Sirén is an associate professor of management at the Institute of Responsible Innovation at the University of St.Gallen.
• DS Dean Shepherd is a professor of entrepreneurship, management, and organization at The Mendoza College of Business, University of Notre Dame.
• JW Joakim Wincent is a professor of entrepreneurship and management at the Hanken School of Economics and the Global Center for Entrepreneurship and Innovation at the University of St.Gallen.

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Assistant Teaching Professor of Accounting, Gustavson School of Business, University of Victoria

Honorary Enterprise Professor, School of Population and Global Health, and Department of General Practice and Primary Care, The University of Melbourne

Research Associate, Aquatic Science, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary

Assistant Professor and Canada Research Chair, Integrated Knowledge, Engineering and Sustainable Communities, University of Calgary

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