explanatory synthesis paper

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Synthesizing Sources

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When you look for areas where your sources agree or disagree and try to draw broader conclusions about your topic based on what your sources say, you are engaging in synthesis. Writing a research paper usually requires synthesizing the available sources in order to provide new insight or a different perspective into your particular topic (as opposed to simply restating what each individual source says about your research topic).

Note that synthesizing is not the same as summarizing.  

• A summary restates the information in one or more sources without providing new insight or reaching new conclusions.
• A synthesis draws on multiple sources to reach a broader conclusion.

There are two types of syntheses: explanatory syntheses and argumentative syntheses . Explanatory syntheses seek to bring sources together to explain a perspective and the reasoning behind it. Argumentative syntheses seek to bring sources together to make an argument. Both types of synthesis involve looking for relationships between sources and drawing conclusions.

In order to successfully synthesize your sources, you might begin by grouping your sources by topic and looking for connections. For example, if you were researching the pros and cons of encouraging healthy eating in children, you would want to separate your sources to find which ones agree with each other and which ones disagree.

After you have a good idea of what your sources are saying, you want to construct your body paragraphs in a way that acknowledges different sources and highlights where you can draw new conclusions.

As you continue synthesizing, here are a few points to remember:

• Don’t force a relationship between sources if there isn’t one. Not all of your sources have to complement one another.
• Do your best to highlight the relationships between sources in very clear ways.
• Don’t ignore any outliers in your research. It’s important to take note of every perspective (even those that disagree with your broader conclusions).

Example Syntheses

Below are two examples of synthesis: one where synthesis is NOT utilized well, and one where it is.

Parents are always trying to find ways to encourage healthy eating in their children. Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, a doctor and writer for KidsHealth , encourages parents to be role models for their children by not dieting or vocalizing concerns about their body image. The first popular diet began in 1863. William Banting named it the “Banting” diet after himself, and it consisted of eating fruits, vegetables, meat, and dry wine. Despite the fact that dieting has been around for over a hundred and fifty years, parents should not diet because it hinders children’s understanding of healthy eating.

In this sample paragraph, the paragraph begins with one idea then drastically shifts to another. Rather than comparing the sources, the author simply describes their content. This leads the paragraph to veer in an different direction at the end, and it prevents the paragraph from expressing any strong arguments or conclusions.

An example of a stronger synthesis can be found below.

Parents are always trying to find ways to encourage healthy eating in their children. Different scientists and educators have different strategies for promoting a well-rounded diet while still encouraging body positivity in children. David R. Just and Joseph Price suggest in their article “Using Incentives to Encourage Healthy Eating in Children” that children are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables if they are given a reward (855-856). Similarly, Elena Pearl Ben-Joseph, a doctor and writer for Kids Health , encourages parents to be role models for their children. She states that “parents who are always dieting or complaining about their bodies may foster these same negative feelings in their kids. Try to keep a positive approach about food” (Ben-Joseph). Martha J. Nepper and Weiwen Chai support Ben-Joseph’s suggestions in their article “Parents’ Barriers and Strategies to Promote Healthy Eating among School-age Children.” Nepper and Chai note, “Parents felt that patience, consistency, educating themselves on proper nutrition, and having more healthy foods available in the home were important strategies when developing healthy eating habits for their children.” By following some of these ideas, parents can help their children develop healthy eating habits while still maintaining body positivity.

In this example, the author puts different sources in conversation with one another. Rather than simply describing the content of the sources in order, the author uses transitions (like "similarly") and makes the relationship between the sources evident.

Explanatory Synthesis Essays- Structure and How to write

Explaining things is critical to helping you navigate various life phases, including academics. But what can be challenging is taking complicated subjects, breaking them down, and thoroughly explaining them for others to understand.

And this is what explanatory synthesis essays do. Here, you take a complex theory or concept and explain it in terms of the existing knowledge that a learner already has. These essays not only help readers but the writer too.

Explanatory synthesis essays help you to develop critical and logical thinking skills and different perspective considerations. The net effect is to help you articulate your thoughts perfectly, even to the most layperson.

But if this is your first time hearing about this essay, this article will educate you further on how to write and other aspects so you can become a skilled explanatory synthesis essay writer.

What Is an Explanatory Synthesis Essay?

As explained, an explanatory synthesis essay explains a concept. It requires you to look at all available resources and provide a detailed, comprehensive, and objective answer to a problem or a theory.

Ideally, an explanatory synthesis essay aims to better understand a topic.

These essays are often based on research from other authors or researchers who have previously written on the topic. Further, they are usually found in academic journals that publish articles about discoveries, technological advances, and other issues related to science, medicine, and technology.

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They can also be found in scholarly books that discuss new theories of history or philosophy and in popular magazines and newspapers that address topics such as science fiction movies and television shows. However, they may vary from topic to topic, but it is always written in a way that allows the reader to understand the subject better.

What Is the Structure of an Explanatory Synthesis Essay?

The structure of an explanatory synthesis essay is basically the same as it is for any other essay. The difference is that instead of just presenting one point, you will have to give supporting pieces of evidence from reliable sources in any paragraph.

The structure has;

Introduction

The introduction is the gateway to your essay. As such, it should be welcoming, easy to grasp, and captivating so that readers can quickly understand what you will talk about. In addition, you should make it brief but also provide the most crucial information.

The aim here is to introduce the essay; the better you do it, the better the chances of scoring higher and having your article read.

Some of the information to include here is the thesis statement and why a reader should read the entire piece. You should also give some background information to help readers understand your thought process.

This is the main or bulk of your essay and is typically three paragraphs. The body entails evidence and facts about your topic and why and how it supports your thesis statement.

Typically, each paragraph has an opening section known as the topic sentence. This is the main idea of your paragraph and should be placed at the beginning of each new body paragraph. It should also be specific enough to guide your readers about the paragraph.

The second part is the supporting evidence, where each body paragraph contains supporting evidence for the topic sentence. These are usually facts or examples that illustrate what you mean. They can also include statistics or other helpful information that supports your main idea. You should try to have at least two pieces of supporting evidence per paragraph.

Finally, you end each paragraph by tying the topic sentence and your evidence to help readers see the relationship between the two.

The conclusion of an explanatory synthesis essay provides readers with the information they might need to understand your position on the topic. You can also use this section to remind them of what you have already said in the preceding paragraphs.

Essentially, you summarize everything you have said into a single paragraph and then show how that information supports your thesis statement.

How to Write an Explanation Synthesis Essay

Writing an explanatory synthesis essay is easy and fun if you know your way around it. And it is a great way to show your subject mastery and writing skills; thus, you should not shy away from them. Not only that, but they also provide you with a platform to share your ideas with other people.

To write a good synthesis essay, you must know how it works. You have to combine multiple sources into one text but maintain a level of objectivity and accuracy of information presented in each source. However, the result will be inaccurate and incomplete if you don’t follow these principles when writing your synthesis essay.

And if you’re looking for some inspiration about how to write an explanatory synthesis essay, here are some tips and tricks that will help you write an excellent paper.

1.      Do Thorough Research

Explanatory synthesis essays require you to have multiple information sources. These essays are not about personal opinions, so you can’t write without referring to credible sources. Researching helps you find out the main points and points of view of different authors on one subject.

Additionally, researching helps you to understand the topic better, thus putting you in an excellent position to write about it without confusing your readers. And reading one source is not enough. In fact, you need to read at least three sources to write an effective essay. You can use one source as your primary one while the others as secondary sources or support for your argument.

Some of the sources that will help you are;

• Books – Books are usually written by experts in their fields and provide a detailed discussion of the topic. They are often published by university presses or academic publishers, who are more concerned with accuracy than commercial success.
• Journal articles. These are written by experts in their fields and published in peer-reviewed journals. These articles tend to be more technical than books, but they provide more up-to-date information on recent developments in an area of study.
• Newspaper articles – Newspaper articles can also help explain complex ideas to students who may not be familiar with them. However, it’s important to remember that newspapers often have a particular point of view on any given issue and should therefore be used with caution.

2.      Organize your essay

Organizing your essay is an integral part of writing it. Organization helps you present a well-thought-out and coherent paper. If you don’t organize your thoughts, you will likely end up with a disorganized piece that will confuse the reader, even if you have good ideas.

You should also be mindful of the structure and what each part entails. Further, the evidence in the body paragraph should follow a specific order. The best way is to start with the most important or strong points and finish with the weakest.

Following this order builds confidence in your readers, and you come off as an authoritative writer. This is also the point you create your outline, which helps you see what your essay will look like.

Keep the Essay Concise

Conciseness does not mean being brief, but rather do not fluff your paper. It means carefully looking at every piece of information, keeping what adds value, and discarding the rest.

For example, your thesis statement should clearly state what you will prove in your paper. You should ensure you have a few key points that are clear and easy to understand, which will lead the reader down the path of understanding the rest of your paper.

Similarly, keep your paragraphs as concise as possible, as this will help you stay on topic and avoid rambling or repeating yourself. If your paragraphs are too long, they may be hard to follow, so try to shorten them as much as possible while ensuring they contain all of the vital information your reader needs.

A good way to do this is by using transitions between paragraphs. A transition is a word or phrase that shows the relationship between ideas in a sentence or paragraph. This helps you cut off unnecessary words while still showing the relationship between every paragraph with the thesis and between sentences.

Other tips to keep your essay as concise as possible include;

• Use simple language
• Use short sentences and paragraphs
• Don’t use fancy words or phrases that might confuse the reader
• Not using contractions or slang

Use Quotes and References

Your essay needs references as a way to support the information you write. And as a requirement, you should use different sources to help create the credibility of your argument.

Depending on your professor’s instructions, you should follow the prescribed reference style. You can also opt to use quotes from reputable individuals. These help spice up your piece and support every analysis you make.

Now you know what explanatory synthesis essays are and how to write one. They are crucial pieces of writing that help you demonstrate your research and research skills. Further, they allow you to learn more about an issue and explain it to anyone expertly.

And with the stated tips, you are now poised to become the next expert writer for explanatory synthesis essays in your class.

Synthesis Essays: A Step-by-Step How-To Guide

A synthesis essay is generally a short essay which brings two or more sources (or perspectives) into conversation with each other.

The word “synthesis” confuses every student a little bit. Fortunately, this step-by-step how-to guide will see you through to success!

Here’s a step-by-step how-to guide, with examples, that will help you write yours.

Before drafting your essay:

After reading the sources and before writing your essay, ask yourself these questions:

• What is the debate or issue that concerns all of the writers? In other words, what is the question they are trying to answer?
• On what points do they agree?
• On what points do they disagree?
• If they were having a verbal discussion, how would writer number one respond to the arguments of writer number two?

In a way, writing a synthesis essay is similar to composing a summary. But a synthesis essay requires you to read more than one source and to identify the way the writers’ ideas and points of view are related.

Sometimes several sources will reach the same conclusion even though each source approaches the subject from a different point of view.

Other times, sources will discuss the same aspects of the problem/issue/debate but will reach different conclusions.

And sometimes, sources will simply repeat ideas you have read in other sources; however, this is unlikely in a high school or AP situation.

To better organize your thoughts about what you’ve read, do this:

• Identify each writer’s thesis/claim/main idea
• List the writers supporting ideas (think topic sentences or substantiating ideas)
• List the types of support used by the writers that seem important. For example, if the writer uses a lot of statistics to support a claim, note this. If a writer uses historical facts, note this.

There’s one more thing to do before writing: You need to articulate for yourself the relationships and connections among these ideas.

Sometimes the relationships are easy to find. For example, after reading several articles about censorship in newspapers, you may notice that most of the writers refer to or in some way use the First Amendment to help support their arguments and help persuade readers. In this case, you would want to describe the different ways the writers use the First Amendment in their arguments. To do this, ask yourself, “How does this writer exploit the value of the First Amendment/use the First Amendment to help persuade or manipulate the readers into thinking that she is right?

Sometimes articulating the relationships between ideas is not as easy. If you have trouble articulating clear relationships among the shared ideas you have noted, ask yourself these questions:

• Do the ideas of one writer support the ideas of another? If so, how?
• Do the writers who reach the same conclusion use the same ideas in their writing? If not, is there a different persuasive value to the ideas used by one writer than by the other?
• Do the writers who disagree discuss similar points or did they approach the subject from a completely different angle and therefore use different points and different kinds of evidence to support their arguments?
• Review your list of ideas. Are any of the ideas you have listed actually the same idea, just written in different words?

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27 How do I Write a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is a type of essay that gathers information from a variety of sources to form a new idea, question, or argumentative thesis. Writers composing a synthesis essay will discuss ideas, data, and evidence from a series of sources to either explain or argue something original.

Explanatory vs. Argumentative Synthesis Essays: How Are They Different?

Though the formatting is largely the same, there are two main types of synthesis essays: explanatory and argumentative.

• 1.   Explanatory : The purpose of an explanatory synthesis essay is to use different sources to explain a particular point of view. These synthesis papers objectively examine the similarities and differences between ideas but don’t necessarily choose a side or attempt to sway the reader in any direction.
• 2.   Argumentative : An argumentative synthesis essay follows the same structure as a typical argumentative essay. The thesis of an argumentative essay will argue one specific point.

Synthesis Essay Structure

Synthesis essays typically adhere to the five-paragraph essay structure, but there are slight nuances to structuring this type of essay. Here is how a synthesis essay is structured.

•   Introduction : The foundational ideas of your essay are expressed in the introductory paragraph. You will address the general landscape of ideas around your topic, introducing some of your sources. You will also introduce the argument to be made through a thesis statement, which succinctly states your primary argument in a sentence or two. The thesis statement typically comes at the very end of your introductory paragraph.
•   Body : The body of your synthesis essay is usually about three paragraphs long. This typically includes two paragraphs synthesizing your sources in a way that supports your argument, and one paragraph that acknowledges opposing arguments.
• Conclusion : The conclusion of your synthesis essay reiterates the argument that you’ve made throughout your essay. It may emphasize how each of the points you made and the sources you’ve cited substantiate your point.

How to Write a Synthesis Essay

A great synthesis essay walks readers through a series of ideas and sources to prove or explain a larger point.

Follow this step-by-step guide for writing your essay:

• Choose a topic you’re curious about . Brainstorm a few ideas for your synthesis essay topic, prioritizing the subjects you feel passionate about.
• Do your research . Once you’ve decided on a topic, use the internet, library, and other sources to perform extensive research. You can turn to academic primary sources to find quotes from scholars and experts, or look up statistics or scientific studies relevant to your topic. This research will help you develop a point of view that is backed up by concrete information. Use credible sources that are unbiased.
• Outline your point . Your entire essay should focus on either explaining a certain perspective or making an argument. Outline how each of your sources relates to your theme and support your idea.
• Write your introduction . An introduction is the first paragraph of a paper. Its main purpose is to present the general premise of the paper, provide any necessary background information, and hopefully, capture the reader’s attention. The introductory paragraph to your synthesis essay should be where you include a strong thesis statement. This is where you will state the point of view that you’re exploring or the argument you’re making.
• Include your body paragraphs . Synthesis essays will typically contain three body paragraphs. A good body paragraph contains three main sections: a topic sentence (or key sentence), relevant supporting  sentences, and a closing (or transition)
• sentence. This structure keeps your paragraph focused on the main idea, providing clear, concise information. Each body paragraph should discuss different elements and supporting arguments of your thesis, along with evidence drawn from each source. Explain the common theme between your resources, as well as how they are relevant to your text. Include counterarguments as well as how your source material can discredit those claims and support your own idea.
• Wrap it up with a strong conclusion . A conclusion is a final piece of writing in a research paper, essay, or article that summarizes the entire work. The concluding paragraph of your synthesis essay will restate your thesis, summarize the key supporting ideas you discussed throughout the work, and offer your final impression of the central idea.
• Proofread . Always proofread your writing a few times before submitting or presenting it. A few missed words or grammatical errors can sometimes change or discredit the entire crux of an argument or opinion. Make sure that your grammar, syntax, and flow are as accurate and clear as possible. This will help you come across as a credible source.

College Reading & Writing: A Handbook for ENGL- 090/095 Students Copyright © by Yvonne Kane; Krista O'Brien; and Angela Wood. All Rights Reserved.

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay: Examples, Topics, & Outline

A synthesis essay requires you to work with multiple sources. You combine the information gathered from them to present a well-rounded argument on a topic. Are you looking for the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing? You’ve come to the right place!

Our specialists will write a custom essay specially for you!

In this guide by our custom writing team, you will find:

• a step-by-step writing guide;
• a list of 34 synthesis essay topics;
• a full essay sample in MLA format.
• 📚 Synthesis Essay Definition
• 📝 Essay Types
• ✅ Step-by-Step Guide
• ✍️ Topics & Prompts
• 📑 Example & Formatting Tips

📚 What Is a Synthesis Essay?

A synthesis essay is an assignment that requires a unique interpretation of a particular topic using several reliable sources. To write it, you need to understand, analyze, and synthesize information. That is why this type of essay is used in the AP Lang exam to assess students’ reasoning skills.

The key features of the synthesis essay are:

• Debatable topic . If your goal is to write a good synthesis essay, it’s necessary to choose an arguable topic. It’s best to choose something that people have different opinions about. This will allow you to use many sources with various viewpoints for your synthesis.
• Clear thesis statement. It’s a sentence that briefly describes the main idea of your essay.
• Reliable sources to prove your thesis . For a synthesis essay, your opinion is not enough. You also need to find the evidence. Keep in mind that simply reading an online encyclopedia won’t do; make sure to choose only reliable sources.

What Does It Mean to Synthesize Information?

Synthesis is a process that has huge importance in nature, science, and our everyday life. The word stems from Ancient Greek “synthesis,” which means “putting together.” In general, synthesis is the combination of components to form a connected whole.

In everyday life, we usually resort to it to synthesize information . This means taking the data from different sources and bringing it together. This process is the opposite of analyzing:

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• For an analysis , you break problems into pieces,
• For a synthesis , you combine separate elements into a whole.

We use synthesis for analysis papers, research papers, argument papers, and business reports.

What Does Synthesis Mean in Writing?

Synthesis in writing means summarizing and connecting different sources considering a particular topic. Although synthesis and analysis are two opposite things, they usually go together in synthesis essays. The process consists of 2 stages:

• Conduct the analysis. For that, you break down a problem into parts and analyze the sources. It’s helpful to highlight everything regarding your topic while reading.
• Carry out the synthesis. The next step is to formulate an opinion and combine the highlighted information from the sources.

Synthesis is not only used in writing but also in reading comprehension . It’s useful to do this kind of reading while studying your sources. There are three reading comprehension stages:

• Your previous knowledge about the topic.
• Expansion of your knowledge while you are reading.
• Understanding of the problem when you have finished reading.

So, synthesized reading comprehension means combining three stages in one and formulating one statement.

Synthesis vs Summary: What Is the Difference?

A summary is a paraphrasing of the written source in your own words. For a good summary, it’s necessary to include all of the text’s key elements. Meanwhile, synthesis means combining different ideas from different sources. You don’t have to include all the key points; just choose everything related to your topic.

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Both of these techniques are used for the synthesis essay:

• The summary goes in the conclusion. You briefly sum up your paper’s main ideas.
• Synthesis goes in the body paragraphs. Here, you combine multiple sources to prove a point.

📝 Synthesis Essay Types

There are two main types of a synthesis essay: argument and explanatory synthesis.

Both of them require working with multiple reliable sources and analyzing information. The only difference is that an argument synthesis essay requires your own opinion, while an explanatory synthesis essay does not.

Argument Synthesis Essay: Outline and Definition

As you already know, an argument synthesis essay requires you to state your own opinion about the given topic and back it up with several reliable sources. The purpose of such an essay is to persuade the reader that your point is correct.

Here’s what an argument synthesis essay consists of:

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Explanatory Synthesis Essay: Definition and How to Write

An explanatory informative synthesis essay requires you to stay neutral towards the problem you are discussing. This means you cannot express your own opinion considering the given question or a problem. Your task is just to inform the reader. That’s why this essay type is also called informative synthesis.

Check out this explanatory essay outline:

✅ How to Write a Synthesis Essay Step by Step

When it comes to the synthesis essay outline, it’s not too different from other assignments. Have a look at this template:

How to Synthesize: Working with Sources

After you’ve decided on your topic, it’s time to figure out how to synthesize articles into one text. This is how you do it:

• Choose reliable sources: the ones printed in journals or published on academic websites.
• Become familiar with them and see if they fit into your essay.
• Try to find a few sources for each point. It will increase your essay’s reliability.
• Relate each source to your arguments and see similarities between them.
• Don’t forget to list every source in the references.

When you are done with a comprehensive analysis of related literature, try to step back and imagine a person who has a different opinion on this topic. Think of some arguments that they can provide to prove their opinion. After you have the list of arguments, find the written evidence of why they are wrong and put them in your essay.

Analyzing and organizing sources is the first and very important step for the synthesis essay. So make sure you do understand what the text means before using it as a reference.

Synthesis Essay Outline: How to Write

For structuring your essay, it’s useful to try mapping . This technique means combining the information from different sources and rearranging it to create a new direction. To do it, you need to analyze the authors’ ideas and come up with your own conclusions.

The best way to do that is called synthesis matrix or graphic organizer. It’s a chart that you can make when you start working on your essay. Here you have a horizontal column that states the main ideas and a few vertical columns that present sources. Your task is to take sources you have chosen and write down the main ideas from them.

Here’s an example of a matrix chart:

While doing that, you will see how many sources contain the same ideas. When you analyze them, you will be able to formulate your thesis backed up with evidence. The synthesis matrix also helps to see new arguments you can cover in your synthesis paper.

How to Write an Introduction for a Synthesis Essay

Now it’s time to start writing the paper. In the introductory part of the essay, you can include:

• A short yet catchy sentence or a quotation that would present the topic. The start of your essay should make people interested. It’s best to make the first sentence not only informative but also easy to understand.
• The texts that are used for the essay. Provide the titles and the authors’ names (use the appropriate guidelines depending on the writing style.)
• The background information which is needed to understand your essay. Definitions of terms or unknown words considering the topic can be included in this part. Otherwise, people may find it hard to understand what they are reading about.

How to Write a Thesis for a Synthesis Essay

A thesis statement is a point of view on a certain problem that you will defend in your essay. It should contain the key points that you want to include in your paper. Here’s how to create a perfect thesis statement:

• Find several central ideas in the chart.
• Choose the ones that are repeated the most often and the ones that you feel need to be in your essay.
• Combine them, and you have a thesis statement with all the key points.
• Make a draft of the thesis statement. Try to formulate the main idea you want to present in your essay.
• Elaborate on this idea. Add some details and expand it a bit further.

If the whole picture is coherent, and it conveys exactly what you wanted, then this is your perfect thesis statement. See the example below:

Gender inequality still exists at the workplace: women are less likely to get the most responsible positions, easily lose careers due to maternity leave, and often receive less pay for the same amount of work.

How to Write Synthesis Paragraphs for the Main Body

Your essay’s main body consists of a few paragraphs. Each of them presents a different argument considering the topic. When you start a paragraph, make sure to begin with a topic sentence, which informs the reader about the paragraph’s main idea. Then, include the synthesized sources and elaborate on them.

Here’s what you should and shouldn’t do when writing the main body:

You can use the following words to present the ideas from your sources. They will help you reflect the authors’ tone:

How to Conclude a Synthesis Essay

There are quite a few ways to conclude the synthesis paper. Have a look at some of the options:

• Paraphrase the thesis. As you remember, the thesis is the main idea of your essay. The conclusion is a good place to remind your readers about it. When they are done with the reading, they remember the most important thing from your essay.
• Synthesize the arguments. There is no need to repeat everything you wrote in your essay. Just briefly summarize the most crucial points.
• Answer the “So what” question. Tell the readers why this topic matters, why you’ve chosen it, and why it’s valuable for the reader.
• Provide a closure. It’s an effective strategy when you want to make the reader think. Leave them with a strong statement at the end of your essay.

Synthesis Paper Proofreading Tips

When you have finally written your paper, there is still one important thing left to do. You need to check your paper for any grammatical and contextual mistakes. You certainly can do it yourself, but it would be perfect if you could ask somebody else to read it.

The first thing you need to check grammar-wise is the tense you are using. There is no single tense you need to use for the synthesis essay. It depends on the format:

• If you’re writing in MLA format, use the present tense;
• For APA essays, you use the past tense.

The next step is to check whether your synthesis essay has everything that’s required. For that, we have prepared the checklist of questions you can ask yourself to proofread your essays.

• Is there a clear thesis statement?
• Did you include all of the key points from the synthesis?
• Are there clear transitions between paragraphs?
• Did you organize a paragraph around a single idea?
• Did you use reliable and up-to-date sources?
• Did you analyze sources rather than just summarize them?
• Did you mention every source you’ve used?

If you’ve answered “yes” to all the questions—congratulations, you are done with the essay! Otherwise, you need to come back and fix everything that you’ve answered “no” to.

✍️ Synthesis Essay Topics and Prompts

Sometimes, when you don’t have a topic , it is tough to come up with a suitable idea. That is why we have prepared two lists of topics that you can use for any synthesis essay type.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Topics

The topics below are suitable for an explanatory synthesis essay:

• The beginning of Hollywood cinema . Cinema is a huge industry in the USA. Tell the readers about its history. Describe what it was like in the beginning, which movie was the first one, and who started this industry.
• Tactics on dealing with noisy children. Sometimes kids can be very loud, especially in public places. Write about different tactics that can help with this issue.
• The effects of climate change on the water cycle.  Climate change has affected the water cycle significantly. Your task is to explain how.
• The best American cities to live in. Provide the list of the best cities and explain why you’ve included them.
• The importance of a healthy diet . Keeping a healthy diet is beneficial in many ways. Write about all the advantages it brings.
• Who can become an entrepreneur? Entrepreneurship is not for everybody. In this essay, you can describe the qualities needed for having your own business.
• The correlation between overpopulation and poverty . Describe how overpopulation leads to poverty and vice versa.
• The advantages of taking an active vacation.
• Cultural shock as a part of moving to a different country.
• The consequences of the first wave of feminism.
• Synthesis of Tan and Rodriguez’ essays ideas.
• Difficulties you may encounter during the job interview.
• How does reading prevent Alzheimer’s disease?
• The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on businesses.
• The connection between religion and politics in ruling the country.
• What can non-verbal signals tell you about a person ?
• The psychology of leadership .
• The origins of the most common  stereotypes  about Americans.
• Role of social media in business communication .
• The synthesis of personal nursing philosophy concept.
• Behavioral components of schizophrenia and psychosis.
• Main components of successful entrepreneurship.
• Critical components of scientific research.
• Change in religion and human beliefs throughout history.
• The effect of global warming on modern life.

Argument Synthesis Paper Topics

The list of topics for the Argument Synthesis Essay:

• Vaping is better than smoking. People are starting to exchange cigarettes for vapes and e-cigarettes. In what ways are they less harmful?
• Rich people should pay higher taxes. The same percentage of money doesn’t equal for rich and poor people. Explain why the ones who can afford more should share with others.
• Depression is a disease. Prove that psychological problems must be recognized as real health issues that should be cured and not ignored.
• Social media affects young people’s lives. Social media has a massive influence on people. In this essay, you can discuss which life spheres are the most affected.
• Beauty pageants should be banned. Provide the reasons why they should be banned and tell the reader about psychological problems they can cause.
• People should cut meat from their diet to stop global warming. Describe how the meat industry influences climate change.
• The voting age should be 25+. Your task is to show the reasons why the votes of people under 25 should not be taken into account during elections.
• A healthy lifestyle requires a lot of money.
• Each healthy man should serve in the military.
• School bullying should be punished by immediate exclusion.
• Does friendship exist between men and women?
• Drinking coffee is a bad habit.
• Working hard is more important than being talented.
• Everybody should visit a therapist at least once.
• Should universities be free?
• Artificial intelligence will cause huge unemployment rates.
• Gaming should not be allowed to children under 18.
• Components and strategies of social responsibility
• Integration of relevant ethical theory and conceptual principles in health care
• Children under 10 should be banned from gadgets .
• Social media platforms facilitate cyberbullying.
• Issues of distance education .
• Social media addiction is a serious disease.
• Deforestation critically contributes to global warming.
• Healthcare should be free for everyone.

📑 Synthesis Essay Example & Synthesis Essay Format Tips

Now let’s talk about formatting. There are two writing styles you can use for a synthesis essay: APA or MLA. You need to choose the one that is required for your assignment.

We will start with the paper in APA format. It is usually used in science and education.

And these are MLA formatting rules:

Finally, we’ve prepared a synthesis essay sample for you to check out. Feel free to download the PDF file below:

First introduced in the Civil Rights Act of 1964, affirmative action policies aim to mitigate the discrepancy in opportunities available for underrepresented social groups by taking into account one’s minority background. The policies have become a pressing public issue that obstructs previously marginalized individuals, particularly in the educational environment.

Thank you for reading the ultimate guide on synthesis essay writing. We hope you found it helpful. Don’t forget to share it with your friends. Good luck with your assignments!

🔍 References

• Writing a Synthesis Essay: Bowling Green State University
• What Is Synthesis: University of Manitoba
• Synthesis: Biology Online
• Reading Strategies: Difference Summarizing and Synthesizing: WordPress
• Summary, Analysis, Synthesis Definitions: University of Utah
• Argumentative Synthesis: University of Arkansas
• How to Synthesize Written Information: Simply Psychology
• Mapping of Synthesis Essay: University of Nevada, Reno
• Writing a Literature Review and Using a Synthesis Matrix: Florida International University
• Synthesis Essay: Cleveland State University
• Literature Review: Synthesizing Multiple Sources: Louisiana State University
• Writing a Conclusion: Texas Women’s University
• General APA Guidelines: Purdue University
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How to Write a Synthesis Essay

Last Updated: April 7, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Christopher Taylor, PhD . Christopher Taylor is an Adjunct Assistant Professor of English at Austin Community College in Texas. He received his PhD in English Literature and Medieval Studies from the University of Texas at Austin in 2014. There are 11 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 1,121,827 times.

Writing a synthesis essay requires the ability to digest information and present it in an organized fashion. While this skill is developed in high school and college classes, it translates to the business and advertising world as well. Scroll down to Step 1 to begin learning how to write a synthesis essay.

Examining Your Topic

• Argument synthesis: This type of essay has a strong thesis statement that presents the writer's point of view. It organizes relevant information gathered from research in a logical manner to support the thesis' point of view. Business white papers known as position papers often take this form. This is the type of synthesis essay that students will write during the AP test.
• Review: Often written as a preliminary essay to an argument synthesis, a review essay is a discussion of what has been written previously on a topic, with a critical analysis of the sources covered. Its unstated thesis is usually that more research needs to be done in that area or that the topic problem has not been adequately addressed. This type of paper is common in social science classes and in medicine.
• Explanatory/background synthesis: This type of essay helps readers understand a topic by categorizing facts and presenting them to further the reader's understanding. It does not advocate a particular point of view, and if it has a thesis statement, the thesis is a weak one. Some business white papers take this form, although they are more likely to have a point of view, if understated.

• Example of a broad topic narrowed down into a reasonable synthesis essay topic: Instead of the broad topic of Social Media, you could discuss your view on the effects texting has had on the English language.
• If you've been assigned a topic as part of a class, make sure you read the prompt carefully and fully understand it.

• Keep in mind that it's better to do three sources well than to do five sources incompletely.
• Annotate each source by writing notes in the margins. This allows you to keep track of your train of thought, developing ideas, etc.

• Example: Texting has had a positive impact on the English language as it has helped the millennial generation create their own form of the language.

• If you wish to take on a claim by an opponent of your idea, and to poke holes in it, you should also find some ideas or quotes that go against your thesis statement, and plan ways to disprove them. This is called a concession, refutation, or rebuttal, which can strengthen your argument if you do it well.
• Example : For the thesis statement listed above, excellent sources would include quotes from linguists discussing the new words that have developed through 'text-speak', statistics that show the English language has evolved with almost every generation, and facts that show students still have the ability to write with the use of grammar and spelling (which your opponents would bring up as the main reason texting has had a negative effect on the English language).

Outlining Your Essay

• The introductory paragraph: 1. An introductory sentence that acts as a hook, capturing the reader's interest. 2. Identification of the issue you will be discussing. 3. Your thesis statement.
• The body paragraphs: 1. Topic sentence that gives one reason to support your thesis. 2. Your explanation and opinion of the topic sentence. 3. Support from your sources that backs up the claim you just made. 4. Explanation of the significance of the source(s).
• The conclusion paragraph: 1. State further significance of your topic from the evidence and reasons you discussed in the essay. 2. A profound thought or thoughtful ending for your paper.

• Example/illustration. This may be a detailed recount, summary, or direct quote from your source material that provides major support for your point of view. You may use more than one example or illustration, if your paper calls for it. You should not, however, make your paper a series of examples at the expense of supporting your thesis.
• Straw man. With this technique, you present an argument opposed to the argument stated in your thesis, then show the weaknesses and flaws of the counter-argument. This format shows your awareness of the opposition and your readiness to answer it. You present the counter-argument right after your thesis, followed by the evidence to refute it, and end with a positive argument that supports your thesis. [5] X Research source
• Concession. Essays with concessions are structured similar to those using the straw man technique, but they acknowledge the validity of the counter-argument while showing that the original argument is stronger. This structure is good for presenting papers to readers who hold the opposing viewpoint.
• Comparison and contrast. This structure compares similarities and contrasts differences between two subjects or sources to show the facets of both. Writing an essay with this structure requires a careful reading of your source material to find both subtle and major points of similarity and difference. This kind of essay can present its arguments source-by-source or by points of similarity or difference.

• Summary. This structure presents summaries of each of your relevant sources, making a progressively stronger argument for your thesis. It provides specific evidence to support your point of view, but usually omits presenting your own opinions. It's most commonly used for background and review essays.
• List of reasons. This is a series of sub-points that flow from the main point of your paper as stated in its thesis. Each reason is supported with evidence. As with the summary method, reasons should become progressively more important, with the most important reason last.

Writing Your Essay

• Your essay should have an introductory paragraph that includes your thesis , a body to present evidence that supports your thesis, and a conclusion that summarizes your point of view.

• Lengthy quotes of three lines or more should generally be set off as block quotes to better call attention to them. [7] X Trustworthy Source Purdue Online Writing Lab Trusted resource for writing and citation guidelines Go to source

Finalizing Your Essay

• Ask someone else to proofread your paper. The saying “two heads are better than one” still holds true. Ask a friend or colleague what would they add or remove from the paper. Most importantly, does your argument make sense, and is it clearly supported by your sources?

• Read the paper aloud to guarantee that you don't accidentally add in or take out words when reading in your head.
• If you can, get a friend or classmate to proofread your essay as well.

• Example of citing in an AP synthesis essay: McPherson claims “texting has changed the English language in a positive way--it has given a new generation their own unique way to communicate” (Source E).
• For college essays, you'll most likely use MLA format. Whichever format you use, be consistent in its use. You may also be asked to use APA or Chicago style.

• Example title: : English and the iPhone: Exploring the Benefits of 'Text-Speak'

Outline Template

Community Q&A

• Just as your title should fit your essay instead of writing your essay to fit the title, your thesis, once chosen, should direct your subsequent research instead of subsequent research altering your thesis � unless you find you've adopted an unsupportable thesis. Thanks Helpful 21 Not Helpful 8

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://success.uark.edu/get-help/student-resources/synthesis-paper.php
• ↑ https://www.unr.edu/writing-speaking-center/student-resources/writing-speaking-resources/mapping-a-synthesis-essay
• ↑ https://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/learning-commons/documents/writing/synthesis/planning-synthesis-essay.pdf
• ↑ https://writingcenterofprinceton.com/synthesis-essays-a-step-by-step-how-to-guide/
• ↑ https://owl.excelsior.edu/argument-and-critical-thinking/logical-fallacies/logical-fallacies-straw-man/
• ↑ https://writingcommons.org/section/rhetoric/rhetorical-stance/point-of-view/third-person-point-of-view/
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_formatting_and_style_guide/mla_formatting_quotations.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/steps_for_revising.html
• ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/the_writing_process/proofreading/proofreading_suggestions.html
• ↑ https://www.edhs.org/ourpages/auto/2010/5/17/41759867/Synthesis%20Essay%20Introduction.pdf
• ↑ https://writing.umn.edu/sws/assets/pdf/quicktips/titles.pdf

About This Article

To write a synthesis essay, start by coming up with a thesis statement that you can support using all of the sources you've read for your essay. For example, your thesis statement could be "Texting has had a positive impact on the English language." Once you've got your thesis, go through your sources to find specific quotes, facts, and statistics that back up your claim. Structure your essay so it has an introduction that includes your thesis statement, a body that includes your arguments and evidence, and a conclusion that wraps everything up. For more tips on structuring your synthesis essay, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Synthesis Essay Writing

Learn How to Write a Synthesis Essay Step by Step

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Best Synthesis Essay Topics and Prompt Ideas

Synthesis Essay Outline - Template and Examples

13+ Winning Synthesis Essay Examples For Your Inspiration

Ever found yourself in a panic, realizing your synthesis essay is due tomorrow, and you're absolutely clueless about where to start?

Asking yourself, 'How do I mix these sources together?' Tackling a synthesis essay can be a headache, but relax!

In this guide, we will walk you through the process of writing a synthesis essay, along with some amazing topics and examples. After reading this guide, you’ll be able to choose an effective topic, assert a strong claim, collect and combine data, and create a well-written and original essay.

So let’s get started!

• 1. What is a Synthesis Essay?
• 2. Synthesis Essay Types
• 3. Synthesis Essay Structure
• 4. How to Write a Synthesis Essay?
• 5. Synthesis Essay Examples
• 6. Synthesis Essay Topics
• 7. Synthesis Essay Writing Tips

What is a Synthesis Essay?

According to the synthesis essay definition,

“It is an essay that takes a stance on a particular topic and then backs it up by combining the data collected from multiple sources. It is a combination and fusion of different sources that have a common point of view and shape a common claim through it.”

When you write a synthesis essay or paper, your goal is to combine different works on the same subject into one cohesive message. This means that you need to show the connection between all of the different sources that you are discussing.

The Role of Synthesis in Academic Research

Synthesis plays a crucial role in academic research by bringing together diverse ideas and information. It helps scholars analyze multiple sources, identify patterns, and construct a comprehensive understanding of a topic. 

This integration strengthens the credibility of research and fosters a deeper insight into complex subjects.

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Synthesis Essay Types

There are two types of a synthesis essay:

• The Explanatory Synthesis 
• The Argumentative Synthesis

Let’s take a look at the difference between explanatory vs. argumentative synthesis essays: 

What is an AP Lang Synthesis Essay?

An AP Lang, Advanced Placement Language, is a college-level rhetoric and writing curriculum course. The purpose of assigning such essays is to test and analyze the students’ writing abilities, language command, and understanding capabilities.

For writing this essay, students are given multiple sources to analyze. They are asked to form a claim or argument about the given topic and formulate an effective essay on it.

Synthesis Essay AP Lang

Synthesis Essay Structure

A synthesis essay follows a well-organized structure to effectively convey information and arguments.

The structure typically consists:

• Introduction
• Body Paragraphs

The body section is where the flexibility comes into play. Depending on the complexity of the topic and the depth of analysis, you may have more than three body paragraphs. 

Here is a simple synthesis essay outline:

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How to Write a Synthesis Essay?

Writing a synthesis essay involves several detailed steps to ensure a coherent and well-supported argument. Here's a comprehensive guide to write a compelling synthesis essay:

Step 1: Understand the Prompt

First and foremost start your essay prep by carefully reading  the prompt. Identify the central theme or issue and the specific requirements for the essay.

Step 2: Choose a Suitable Topic

Select a topic that allows for a synthesis of multiple sources. Ensure the topic is neither too broad nor too narrow, providing enough material for analysis.

Example: Select a specific aspect like "The Influence of Social Media on Face-to-Face Communication" to narrow down the broad theme of technology's impact.

Step 3: Conduct Research

Gather information from various sources such as articles, books, and academic journals . Consider both primary and secondary sources to develop a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Step 4: Develop a Working Thesis

Formulate a clear and concise thesis statement that reflects your main argument. A good thesis should guide the organization of your essay.

Example: "While social media enhances connectivity, its prevalence has resulted in a decline in meaningful face-to-face interactions, altering communication patterns."

Step 5: Create an Outline

Structure a well-organized synthesis essay outline . Plan the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion, allocating specific points and evidence to each section.

Step 6: Write Introduction

Now that you have developed an outline it's time to write the essay. Begin your synthesis essay introduction with a hook to engage readers. Provide background information on the topic and present a strong thesis statement , summarizing your main argument or stance. 

Clearly state the purpose of the synthesis essay.

Step 7: Explain Arguments in Body Paragraphs

Each paragraph should focus on a specific aspect of your argument. Begin with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph.

Support your points with evidence from the sources, incorporating quotes or paraphrased content. Analyze and explain how the evidence supports your thesis. Connect the information from different sources to demonstrate synthesis.

Use Source Material Effectively

Integrate quotes or information from sources smoothly into your own writing. Read the sources carefully, and attribute them following the citation style specified in the prompt.

Example: Integrate a study showing a decrease in quality family time due to excessive screen use, attributing the findings to the author (Smith, 2020).

Step 8: Address Counterarguments

Acknowledge and address potential counterarguments. Use techniques like concession or the straw man approach to strengthen your position.

Example: Acknowledge the argument that social media fosters global connections, then refute it by emphasizing the superficial nature of many online interactions.

Step 9: Conclude Your Essay

Summarize the main points discussed in the body paragraphs. Restate your thesis in a conclusive manner.

Provide final insights or implications related to the topic. End with a thought-provoking statement or call to action.

Step 10: Edit and Revise

Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and logical flow. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Ensure that your essay meets any specific formatting requirements.

Step 11: Create a Bibliography

Cite your sources properly and include a list of all the sources used in your essay. Follow the citation style specified by your instructor (e.g., APA , MLA ). Provide the author's name, title of the source, publication date, and any other relevant information.

Step 12: Final Check 

Before submission, perform a final check to ensure all requirements are met, and the essay is polished and error-free. By following these detailed steps, you can effectively navigate the process of writing a synthesis essay.

Synthesis Essay Examples

Let’s take a look at some synthesis essay pdf examples to get an idea how to perfectly structure your essay: 

Synthesis Essay Example

Synthesis Essay Thesis Examples

Argumentative Synthesis Essay Example

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Sample

Need more sample essays for inspiration? We have got you covered in our “ synthesis essay examples ” blog. Check it out!

Synthesis Essay Topics

Synthesis essay topics often revolve around current and relevant issues. Here are some frequently asked synthesis essay topics:

• Impact of Social Media on Society
• Climate Change and Global Warming
• Artificial Intelligence in Modern Society
• Healthcare and Technology
• The Future of Work
• Education Reform in the 21st Century
• Cybersecurity and Privacy
• Impact of Artificial Sweeteners on Health
• Criminal Justice Reform
• Social Equality and Civil Rights Movements

If you are looking for more topic ideas for your synthesis essay read our synthesis essay topics blog!

Synthesis Essay Writing Tips

Here are some useful tips for writing synthesis essays:

Tip #1 Diverse Sources 

Draw from a variety of sources—academic articles, books, and reputable online platforms—to enrich your synthesis and present a well-rounded argument.

Tip #2 Critical Analysis

Evaluate the reliability and credibility of your sources. Consider the biases, motives, and methodologies to ensure a nuanced understanding.

Tip #3 Effective Transitions

Seamlessly connect ideas between paragraphs to maintain a smooth flow. Clear transitions enhance the coherence of your synthesis essay.

Tip #4 Thematic Unity

Align your body paragraphs around key themes, ensuring a cohesive and interconnected exploration of your topic.

Tip #5 Concise Language

Use precise language to convey your ideas, avoiding unnecessary verbosity for a more impactful synthesis essay.

Tip #6 Counterarguments

Acknowledge and address opposing viewpoints to strengthen your argument and demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Tip #7 Societal Relevance

Highlight the broader implications of your synthesis, emphasizing the societal relevance and real-world applications of your argument.

Tip #8 Varied Sentence Structure

Incorporate a mix of sentence structures—simple, compound, and complex—to enhance the readability of your synthesis essay.

In conclusion, we've covered all the necessary steps to write an outstanding synthesis essay. This guide provides the essential tools and insights for effective synthesis, from understanding the process to crafting a cohesive argument.

We hope this comprehensive guide has empowered you to tackle your synthesis essays with confidence.

If you ever find yourself short on time or needing extra support, MyPerfectWords.com is here for you. Our writing service can help you with any writing assignment, ensuring top-quality work is delivered on time.

Buy custom essay online and let us help you succeed in your academic journey!

Frequently Asked Questions

Is a synthesis essay argumentative.

A synthesis essay does present an argument however it is not a type of argumentative essay. Both have entirely different purposes and outlines.

Do you use quotes in a synthesis essay?

Quotes should only be used as short phrases or snippets so they don't get confusing for readers. When working with sources in your essay, it's important to keep the flow of written words and not disrupt any sentences.

What are the goals of a synthesis essay?

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Dr. Barbara is a highly experienced writer and author who holds a Ph.D. degree in public health from an Ivy League school. She has worked in the medical field for many years, conducting extensive research on various health topics. Her writing has been featured in several top-tier publications.

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Keep reading

Chapter 5: Writing a Summary and Synthesizing

5.4 Informative vs. Argumentative Synthesis

Svetlana Zhuravlova

In academic research and writing, synthesizing of the information from the obtained available resources results in novelty, discovery, reaching to the common sense on a debatable issue, clarifying the perplexity of the subject under the discussion,or making the point on a controversial topic. Your rhetorical goal for writing a synthesis essay will be identified by the given assignment. In your First-Year Writing courses, you may write an Informative/Explanatory Synthesis and/or an Argumentative Synthesis.

What is an Informative/Explanatory Synthesisis?

In informative writing, you are explaining the discussion points and topics to your readers without taking a position of one side or another, without showing your opinion. Even if the topic is debatable and highly controversial, instead of promoting your personal opinion, you have to objectively introduce the ideas of others, explain and show how their information is related to each other’s, how the information may connect and diverge. You are not showing your agreement with some authors and disagreement with the others. You should stay neutral both in your comments on the found information and in your conclusions reached at the end of the discussion.

Organize the discussion among the authors of your sources as was explained in Section 5.2  under “How do You Synthesize? “

• Example: Numerous authors wonder if this is a natural progression over time because of the laws that have changed or a shift in ideals that redefine what free speech is supposed to be…  Author N believes that [free speech] is not controlled enough in the interest of the people, while Authors B and D believe that, in an ideal world, opinions would be formed and spoken without repercussion and merely be a part of language…

  At the end of the discussion, draw your neutral conclusion on the topic:

• Example: The question if speech has become limited, affecting the right to freedom of speech, lies in the hands of the people and the justice system itself.

Additional examples for Explanatory Synthesis here

  What is an Argumentative Synthesis?

Everything you learned about Argumentative Writing in chapters of this textbook is true and valid for writing an Argumentative Synthesis. The main difference may be that you are to support your ideas with evidence found in multiple sources, show and explain how the authors’ opinions relate, who of your authors agree and who disagree on the controversial issue, while your comments on the information retrieved from these sources and your conclusions will clarify your own position in the debate.

First, you start the debate with the assertion that sets the goal for the debate, its controversy:

• Example: Societal changes are a large part in the debate of free speech and its limitations . The debate is about whether offensive speech should be punished when it is said with the intent to psychologically harm a group or person, or if immoral or scandalous speech should be off-limits.

Then, you are moderating the debate among the experts

• Professor of Law E disagrees…
• His thought is echoed by Professor R from the University of …
• Authors F and S also discuss and assess…
• Following in their steps, Authors D and T express…
• Unfortunately, in opposition to their respect, Author X asserts that…
• This brings us back to the view point of Authors F and S, who argue that…

Finally, conclude the discussion and finalize your position:

•  Thus, hateful and immoral speech – which typically associates itself with low-value because of harmful words – will continue to find its limitations in the world even if it is not through government operations…  

When you synthesize, you are a part of the discussion and a leader of the discussion that you have initiated. You are introducing the voices and ideas of others, so you should be flexible and fair to all participating authors. You should avoid personal attack, as well as other logical fallacies in your comments on the information borrowed from your source materials. Read more in 6.5 Logical Fallacies

A Guide to Rhetoric, Genre, and Success in First-Year Writing by Svetlana Zhuravlova is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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English 1302- Wedes

• Paper 1 : Explanatory Synthesis
• Paper 2: The Researched Argument
• Paper 3: Personal Responsibility Essay

What is a Database

Academic Vocabulary For This Unit

A series of organized activities working toward an objective also  :  an organized effort to promote or attain an end

Protest Movement

A complaint, objection, or display of unwillingness usually to an idea or a course of action

A dissertation embodying results of original research and especially substantiating a specific view especially  :  one written by a candidate for an academic degree

A restatement of a text, passage, or work giving the meaning in another form

• Sophie Scholl and the White Rose

• << Previous: Home
• Next: Paper 2: The Researched Argument >>
• Last Updated: Jan 10, 2024 3:21 PM
• URL: https://library.uhd.edu/eng1302wedes

Synthesis Essay Topics: Exciting and Trendy Ideas

When composing essays for academic purposes, you are usually expected to collect data and arrange it in an orderly. However, there is an additional layer of complexity when it comes to writing a synthesis essay . Not only do you require the proper abilities, but a compelling topic is also necessary. ‍ Selecting strong topics for your synthesis essay can significantly elevate your marks. This is because presenting a unique perspective on a topic captivates your audience and highlights your innovative thinking. However, with a plethora of subjects available, it can be quite daunting to select one. Rest assured, this is a common sentiment among students. To assist you, our essay writer offers straightforward advice on selecting the ideal topic from our meticulously selected collection.

6 Tips on How to Choose a Synthesis Essay Topic

In selecting topics for a synthesis essay, your instructor may occasionally assign a specific topic, while you can pick one at other times. If you find yourself among the fortunate ones who can choose their topic, making a decision can be challenging. Here are some tips from our research paper service to help you out:

• Select a Topic That Intrigues You : Writing can be a more enjoyable experience when it revolves around a subject that piques your interest. Therefore, opt for an area that captivates and stimulates your desire to delve deeper.
• Steer Clear of Overly General Subjects : Expansive themes such as climate change or technology are excessively broad for a solitary essay. Focus on a narrower topic so you can explore it thoroughly and provide comprehensive coverage.
• Search for a Controversial Subject : Ideal topics for a synthesis essay are those that spark conversation. Seek out an issue that divides opinions. A topic that garners universal agreement won't lead to a captivating essay.
• Select a Subject Open to Evolution: Opt for a topic that invites the emergence of fresh perspectives or enhancements. Your goal should be to propose potential modifications or advancements from your study rather than simply reiterating well-known facts.
• Consider your readers: Reflect upon the individuals who will peruse your composition. Opt for subjects for your synthesis essay that will capture their interest or bear significance to them. It is essential to consider your readers while choosing your subject matter.
• Verify Resource Availability: Ensure sufficient references and materials for your selected subject. Having ample information at your disposal will simplify the process of composing your essay, as it will provide substantial evidence to bolster your points.

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200+ Best Synthesis Essay Topic Ideas

Are you looking to explore our list of synthesis essay topics? If you're searching for new, thought-provoking prompts or desire pre-constructed subjects for your essay, look no further. Our coursework writing service offers a wide-ranging list of prompts to suit all tastes!

Argumentative Synthesis Essay Topics

If you're looking for argumentative topics for synthesis essay, you have to convince your readers of your stance. And don't forget you'll need to back up your thesis statement with evidence. 

• Stricter gun control laws are essential to reduce gun violence and ensure public safety.
• Universal healthcare is a fundamental human right and should be provided to all citizens.
• Affirmative action policies are necessary to address systemic inequalities and promote diversity.
• Legalizing and regulating recreational drugs can reduce crime and improve public health outcomes.
• Implementing stricter immigration policies is crucial for national security and sovereignty.
• Comprehensive sex education programs in schools are vital to prevent teenage pregnancies and STIs.
• Carbon taxes are necessary to combat climate change and incentivize sustainable practices.
• Technology companies must face stricter regulations to protect user privacy and combat misinformation.
• Universal basic income is essential to address income inequality and mitigate automation's impact.
• Stricter regulations on the food industry are needed to combat obesity and promote healthier lifestyles.
• Comprehensive climate change policies are urgent to protect the environment and future generations.
• Access to quality education should be universal to promote social mobility and reduce inequality.
• Legalizing euthanasia can provide individuals with autonomy over end-of-life decisions.
• Animal testing is unethical and should be replaced with alternative methods.
• Corporal punishment in schools should be abolished as it promotes violence and has long-term negative effects on students.

Good Topics for a Synthesis Essay

• The role of microfinance in empowering women in developing countries.
• Examining the relationship between food insecurity and obesity in low-income communities.
• The ethical implications of data privacy and surveillance in the digital age.
• The impact of social media activism on real-world social and political change.
• Exploring the intersection of artificial intelligence and human creativity in the arts.
• Analyzing the effects of gentrification on urban communities and local economies.
• Synthesizing indigenous knowledge systems with modern environmental conservation practices.
• Exploring the benefits and challenges of remote work in the post-pandemic era.
• Analyzing the impact of music streaming platforms on the music industry and artist compensation.
• The role of cultural appropriation in fashion and its effects on marginalized communities.
• Synthesizing the benefits and risks of cryptocurrency adoption in mainstream finance.
• The impact of social entrepreneurship on addressing social and environmental challenges.
• Exploring the connections between biodiversity loss and emerging infectious diseases.
• Analyzing the effectiveness of community policing strategies in reducing crime and improving police-community relations.
• Synthesizing the benefits and challenges of renewable energy transition in rural communities.

Fun Synthesis Essay Topics

• The rise of urban gardening: sustainability and community engagement.
• The art of upcycling: creativity and environmental consciousness.
• Exploring the world of tiny homes: minimalism and efficient living.
• The joy of foraging: nature exploration and culinary adventures.
• The art of hand lettering: expression and fine motor skills.
• Rediscovering analog photography: nostalgia and artistic expression.
• The allure of vintage fashion: style and sustainability.
• The revival of traditional crafts: cultural heritage and modern creativity.
• The magic of urban beekeeping: conservation and delicious honey.
• Exploring the art of parkour: athleticism and creative movement.
• The joy of geocaching: outdoor adventure and modern technology.
• The wonder of bioluminescence: marine biology and natural beauty.
• The art of fire-spinning: performance art and skillful manipulation.
• Rediscovering lost recipes: culinary history and gastronomic exploration.
• The joy of wild swimming: nature immersion and exhilarating experiences.

Explanatory Synthesis Essay Topics

• Explaining the theory of evolution by natural selection.
• The impact of globalization on cultural diversity.
• Understanding the principles of democracy in government.
• The benefits of regular exercise for overall health and well-being.
• The causes and consequences of climate change.
• Explaining the process of photosynthesis in plants.
• The impact of social media on interpersonal relationships.
• Understanding the principles of supply and demand in economics.
• Explaining the water cycle and its importance for ecosystems.
• The effects of stress on mental and physical health.
• Explaining the concept of renewable energy sources.
• The role of enzymes in biological processes.
• Understanding the process of cellular respiration in living organisms.
• Explaining the concept of human rights and their importance.
• The process of DNA replication and its significance in genetics.

Global Economy

• The impact of globalization on the global economy: Synthesizing benefits and challenges.
• Trade agreements and their influence on international commerce: A comprehensive analysis.
• Exploring the role of multinational corporations in shaping the global economy.
• The effects of currency exchange rates on global trade and investment.
• The role of emerging markets in driving global economic growth: Synthesizing recent trends.
• International financial institutions and their impact on the global economy.
• Global supply chains: Analyzing their resilience and vulnerabilities.
• The influence of technological advancements on the global economy: Synthesizing innovation and disruption.
• Income inequality in the global economy: Examining causes and consequences.
• The economics of climate change: Synthesizing the impact on the global economy.
• Migration and its economic implications: Synthesizing labor market dynamics and social effects.
• The role of government policies in promoting economic development in developing countries.
• Economic crises and their ripple effects on the global economy: Synthesizing lessons from past events.
• Sustainable development goals and their significance for the global economy: Synthesizing efforts towards achieving economic, social, and environmental objectives.
• The future of the global economy: Synthesizing predictions and potential challenges in the 21st century.
• The impact of interest rates on personal finance: A synthesis of economic principles.
• Exploring the role of budgeting in financial management: Strategies for effective budgeting.
• Understanding the basics of investing: Synthesizing key concepts for beginners.
• The influence of inflation on purchasing power: Implications for financial planning.
• Debt management strategies: Synthesizing approaches to reduce and manage debt.
• The importance of emergency funds in financial stability: Building a safety net.
• Retirement planning: Synthesizing strategies for long-term financial security.
• The role of credit scores in financial health: Understanding creditworthiness.
• Exploring the psychology of money: Synthesizing behavioral finance principles.
• The impact of financial literacy on economic empowerment: Strategies for education.
• Tax planning and optimization: Synthesizing strategies to minimize tax liability.
• Financial planning for major life events: Synthesizing strategies for buying a home, starting a family, etc.
• Risk management in investments: Synthesizing approaches to mitigate investment risks.
• The influence of economic cycles on personal finance: Strategies for navigating market volatility.
• Ethical considerations in financial decision-making: Synthesizing principles for responsible investing and spending.

Human Health

• The impact of exercise on overall health and well-being: A synthesis of recent research.
• Exploring the relationship between diet and health outcomes: Insights from nutritional science.
• The role of sleep in maintaining optimal health: Integrating findings from sleep studies.
• Mental health and its influence on physical well-being: Examining the mind-body connection.
• Preventive healthcare measures: Evaluating their effectiveness in promoting long-term health.
• The importance of vaccination in preventing infectious diseases: A comprehensive analysis.
• Environmental factors and human health: Assessing the impact of pollution and climate change.
• The role of genetics in determining individual health risks and outcomes.
• Access to healthcare services: Addressing disparities and improving health equity.
• The effects of stress on human health: Strategies for stress management and prevention.
• Chronic disease management: Exploring interventions to improve quality of life.
• Aging and health: Understanding the physiological changes and promoting healthy aging.
• The influence of social determinants on health disparities: A synthesis of sociological research.
• Integrative medicine approaches: Combining conventional and alternative therapies for holistic health.
• Public health interventions: Analyzing their effectiveness in promoting population health.

Cultural Diversity

• Celebrating cultural diversity in schools: Strategies for promoting inclusivity.
• Exploring the influence of multiculturalism on contemporary art and literature.
• The role of food in cultural identity: Examining the diversity of global cuisines.
• Cultural festivals and their significance in fostering cross-cultural understanding.
• Music as a universal language: How diverse musical traditions connect people worldwide.
• The impact of globalization on cultural diversity: Challenges and opportunities.
• Language diversity and its role in shaping cultural identities.
• Traditional clothing and its significance in preserving cultural heritage.
• Cultural exchange programs: Promoting understanding and appreciation across borders.
• The representation of cultural diversity in media and entertainment.
• Religious diversity and its influence on societal norms and values.
• The importance of cultural competency in healthcare and social services.
• Folklore and oral traditions: Preserving cultural heritage through storytelling.
• Indigenous cultures and their contributions to global diversity.
• The role of education in promoting respect for cultural differences and combating stereotypes.

Criminal Justice System

• The effectiveness of rehabilitation programs in reducing recidivism rates.
• Examining racial disparities in sentencing within the criminal justice system.
• Community policing: Evaluating its impact on crime prevention and trust-building.
• The role of technology in improving criminal justice system efficiency.
• Alternatives to incarceration: Exploring restorative justice approaches.
• Mental health in the criminal justice system: Addressing treatment and support.
• The impact of mandatory minimum sentences on the justice system.
• Drug policy reform and its effects on criminal justice outcomes.
• The role of forensic science in criminal investigations and court proceedings.
• Juvenile justice reform: Assessing approaches to rehabilitation and reintegration.
• The intersection of poverty and the criminal justice system: Analyzing systemic issues.
• The influence of media portrayal on public perception of the criminal justice system.
• Police accountability and oversight mechanisms: Examining recent reforms.
• Pretrial detention and bail reform: Balancing public safety and individual rights.
• International comparisons of criminal justice systems: Lessons for reform and improvement.

Mental Health

• The role of social support networks in managing anxiety and depression.
• Exploring the connection between diet and mental health: A comprehensive analysis.
• Technology's influence on mental health: Integrating findings from psychology and technology studies.
• Examining the efficacy of mindfulness and meditation practices in reducing stress.
• Understanding the relationship between sleep quality and mental wellness.
• The effects of nature exposure on mental health: A synthesis of environmental psychology research.
• Cultural perspectives on mental health: Comparing Eastern and Western approaches.
• Exploring the stigma surrounding mental illness and its impact on treatment-seeking behavior.
• The intersection of trauma and mental health: Insights from psychology and neuroscience.
• The impact of exercise on mental well-being: A synthesis of recent studies.
• The role of genetics in predisposing individuals to mental health disorders.
• Substance abuse and its implications for mental health: A synthesis of addiction and psychology research.
• The influence of socioeconomic status on mental health outcomes.
• Examining the effectiveness of therapy modalities in treating various mental health conditions.
• Gender differences in the manifestation and treatment of mental health disorders.

Political Discourse

• Political discourse and its effects on social cohesion: Lessons from recent events.
• The role of fact-checking in combating misinformation in political discourse.
• Analyzing the use of fear and emotion in political messaging.
• The impact of political rhetoric on public opinion: Analyzing recent examples.
• Exploring the role of social media in shaping political discourse.
• The influence of political advertising on voter behavior.
• Examining the polarization of political discourse in the digital age.
• The portrayal of political leaders in the media: A synthesis of media studies and political science.
• Exploring the relationship between political discourse and trust in government.
• The impact of identity politics on contemporary political discourse.
• The role of humor and satire in political commentary.
• Investigating the influence of conspiracy theories on political discourse.
• The intersection of religion and politics in public discourse.
• Examining the language of diplomacy in international political discourse.
• The effects of censorship and free speech restrictions on political discourse.

Artificial Intelligence

• The applications of artificial intelligence in everyday life: A comprehensive overview.
• The impact of AI on job markets: Exploring automation and workforce dynamics.
• Ethical considerations in AI development and deployment: Analyzing recent controversies.
• Understanding machine learning algorithms: Simplifying complex concepts for general audiences.
• AI in healthcare: Examining its potential benefits and challenges.
• The role of AI in combating climate change: Innovations and opportunities.
• AI and privacy concerns: Balancing innovation with data protection.
• Exploring the future of transportation with autonomous vehicles and AI.
• AI in education: Enhancing learning experiences and personalized instruction.
• The use of AI in predictive analytics: Transforming industries and decision-making processes.
• AI and creativity: Exploring AI-generated art, music, and literature.
• Bias in AI algorithms: Addressing issues of fairness and inclusivity.
• The intersection of AI and cybersecurity: Assessing risks and advancements.
• AI in agriculture: Improving efficiency and sustainability in food production.
• The role of AI in humanitarian efforts and disaster response.

AP Lang Synthesis Essay Topics

Last but not least, if you aim for a successful exam, practicing with various synthesis essay AP Lang topics beforehand is key.

• Will smart cities worsen income inequality?
• What measures can we take to reduce air pollution?
• Should consumers bear responsibility for climate change?
• Is education equally accessible to everyone?
• Do minority workers encounter fewer career opportunities?
• Do dress codes infringe on freedom of expression?
• What underpins the concept of the American dream?
• Should the legal drinking age be lowered to 16?
• What actions should we take to combat global warming?
• Are democracy and capitalism compatible systems?
• Is Instagram detrimental to teenagers' mental health?
• Are international agreements effective in addressing global warming?
• How has the internet transformed political landscapes?
• Should elected officials face term limits?
• How does modern technology contribute to social isolation?
• Do minority groups face barriers to accessing higher education?
• Does artificial intelligence enhance workers' productivity?
• Does academic performance accurately reflect students' progress?
• Do all academic articles automatically have credibility?
• Are minority workers able to achieve the American dream?

Essentially, topics for synthesis essays allow you to explore various aspects related to culture, society, and moral principles. If you're interested in the morality of the corporate world or the impact of technology on our lives, these themes offer ample food for thought. Select a topic and begin crafting your essay!

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• The Dos and Don’ts of Using Tables and Figures in Your Writing

by acburton | Apr 29, 2024 | Resources for Students , Writing Resources

What do you do when words just aren’t enough?

For subjects outside of the Humanities, including STEM disciplines such as mathematics, physical sciences, and engineering, using tables and figures throughout your writing can effectively break-up longer pieces of text by presenting useful data and statistics. Within the Humanities, the incorporation of multimodal elements is championed in UCI courses (Humanities Core!), and can aid in your construction or support of an argument. But what are some things to keep in mind when including these components alongside your written work?

When incorporating tables and figures into writing, you’ll want to be mindful of the:

Who Needs a Table or Figure?

What is the best way to convey the information you have to a reader? What discipline are you working in? How best can you visualize the data you would like to share?

Starting with these questions (or others like it) is a great place to begin when thinking about whether or not to include tables and figures in your writing. While incorporating the following into research or lab reports for a STEM related course may seem like a no-brainer, you’ll still want to examine what kind of data you’ll want to share with your audience or reader and what is the best way (table or figure) to present it. With your audience in mind, think about their expectations as well as your ability to present your data in the most effective, concise, and efficient manner possible.

Synthesize versus Visualize

The incorporation of tables into your writing often serves as one method for synthesizing information, including existing literature, or to explain variables or present the wording of a specific kind of data (e.g., the wording of survey questions) (UNC). In contrast, figures (images, charts, graphs (pie charts, line graphs, etc.* [1] )) are the visual representation of results (UNC). They can be used to provide a visual component or impact and can effectively communicate primary findings such as the relationship (patterns or trends), between two variables (UNC).

Think of figures like you would paragraphs. If you have several important things to say, consider making more than one table or figure, or incorporating other visual elements, one for each important idea that you would like to share. No matter what, strive for clarity ! Don’t put too much information on your tables or figures, making them crowded or difficult to follow. Likewise, do use consistent elements (such as a uniform font) in your tables or figures so as to not distract your reader or audience.

Let’s go through a few other Dos and Don’ts for incorporating tables and figures into your writing!

use a table or figure in your writing as a method of making your data more concise and presentable.

use tables and figures to enhance or supplement the text. They should be self-explanatory.

• be sure that your tables and figures reflect your data accurately.

Don’ts

• incorporate a table or figure just because you want to reach the page minimum for an assignment.
• use a table or figure solely for aesthetic purposes. This may backfire, as it could demonstrate to your reader that you do not have a solid grasp on the requirements or expectations of the assignment or discipline.
• repeat data already shown on one table or figure.

Remember that this is not an exhaustive list. Strive for clarity whenever you decide to incorporate tables or figures into your writing!

How Tables and Figures Interact with Text

Although tables and figures must be able to stand alone, without additional information provided in the text, it is recommended that you reference your tables and figures within the text, reinforcing your decision to incorporate them into your writing.

To refer to tables and figures from within the text, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill suggests beginning your sentences with:

• Clauses beginning with “as”: “As shown in Table 1, …”
• A Passive voice: “Results are shown in Table 1.”
• An Active voice (if appropriate for your discipline): “Table 1 shows that …”
• A Parentheses: “Each sample tested positive for three nutrients (Table 1).”

Another way that tables and figures interact with text is in the captions. Captions should be concise, descriptive, and comprehensive. They should describe what is being shown, draw attention to important features, and, sometimes, may also include interpretations of the data or results (UNC). Figures are typically read from left to right, top to bottom, but for additional formatting information, reference the citation style guide used for your specific assignment. We recommend using Purdue Owl as a resource for additional clarification.

Check out these Dos and Don’ts  surrounding the interaction between tables, figures, and texts!

• clarify any abbreviations you use within the text or in your captions.

consider incorporating your data into the text instead of using a table or figure if there is simple or less data to show.

• repeat data or information already summarized in the text.

Tables, and Figures, and Blog Posts, Oh My! Visit the Writing Center for additional assistance on using tables and figures in your writing!

https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/figures-and-charts/#:~:text=Think%20of%20graphs%20like%20you,way%20that%20is%20visually%20clear .

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10394528/

https://core.humanities.uci.edu/index.php/spring/multimodal-presentation-tools/

[1] This is not an exhaustive list; don’t forget X, Y scatter plots or XY line graphs are also great examples!

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Types of Sentence to Master: A Hands-On Tour to English Grammar

Table of contents

• 1 Main Four Kinds of Sentences in English
• 2 4 Different Types of Sentences in One Comparison Table
• 3 Saying What Is What: Exploring Declarative Sentences
• 4.1 The Language of Strong Emotion: Exclamatory Sentences
• 5.1 How to Improve Your Writing: Trying Different Sentence Styles
• 5.2 Offer Diversity to Improve the Flow
• 5.3 Final Advice After Reviewing Different Sentence Types

Sentences are the core of any academic work either dissertation or thesis. Constructing them in different ways can both enrich your reader’s experience and confuse them with obscure information. In today’s material, we aim to do the first ─ supplement you with critical info about sentences, so later you will:

• Discover 4 types of sentences and how to use any type of sentence you need.
• Find out various types of sentences according to their structure and their definitions.
• Review the comprehensive table with all four types of sentences and many examples for every kind of sentences.
• Find valuable tips and practical methods to enhance your writing skills.
• Start by exploring the basics of sentence types, their role, and the structure presented below.

Make sure to review each point so that you can create not a pile of confusing sentences but a comprehensive text that flows smoothly from one sentence to another!

Main Four Kinds of Sentences in English

Have you ever thought you could express yourself more clearly with a proper sentence construction process? ​​Indeed, for effective communication, all students must grasp the nuances of language, especially the four types of sentences.

In English, there are four basic types of sentences: declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory. They all have a distinct function, whether making a declaration, posing a question, issuing instructions, or describing feelings.

4 Different Types of Sentences in One Comparison Table

We’ll examine the four types of sentences in the following comparison chart. For each type, we’ll explain what it does and how it’s built by showing examples from everyday talk.

Saying What Is What: Exploring Declarative Sentences

Declarative ones are the most prevalent kind of phrases. Their primary duty is to tell information without asking questions or giving orders. Thus, using different sentences and including details in your statements makes you clearer in communication.

Take a look at these declarative sentences:

• Roses are red, and violets are blue.
• His students play the violin perfectly.

They ask nothing and don’t make orders; they just state the facts or share their opinions.

Structurally, declarative sentences operate according to the subject-verb-object pattern: ​​the subject performs the action indicated by the verb upon an object. How do you recognize them?

Declarative sentences typically have a period at the end. They have a calm tone, although they may disclose moods depending on the circumstances. Accordingly, they are the building blocks of both written and spoken communication.

Just Asking: About Interrogative Sentences

Want to ask a question? It’s time to craft some interrogative sentences! Their main function is to provoke a response and get certain information from others.

Here are a few examples of interrogative sentences:

• Where is the independent clause in this sentence?
• Are you available for a quick review?
• Have you been in this restaurant before?
• Who joined you at the concert?

Any interrogative sentence seeks to identify and gather answers. For this purpose, from a structural standpoint, they begin with “ who ,” “ what ,” “ where ,” “ how ,” “ why ,” and “ when ” question elements. At the end of the sentence, there is an obligatory question mark. Thus, these elements help define the information being sought.

Sometimes, interrogative sentences switch the order of the subject and verb to form yes/no questions. As a teaching instance, “ She is going to the market ” transforms into a question: “ Is she going to the market? ”.

Additionally, a conjunctive adverb can pose inquiries that suggest opposition. Example: “ Why did you leave the prom so early? Did you manage to talk with other students? ” Likewise, it allows for creating a complete thought in the last question.

Apparently, interrogative sentences play a critical role in interactions by fostering dialogue. When we ask questions, we’re inviting others to share knowledge. As a result, it helps us receive the needed information, hear interesting quotations, and keep the conversation moving. Whether chatting, having a serious conversation, or writing, asking questions is a great approach to learning something new.

Taking the Headship: The Role of Imperative Sentences

Phrases that issue directives, provide guidelines, or submit requests are known as imperative sentences. Their main purpose is to deliver instructions or give an atmosphere of hurry or seriousness.

As an illustration, “ Open the door ”, “ Make your argumentative essay shorter ”, or “ Write to me later, please ” are imperative sentences.

As you can see, imperative sentences start with the verb in its base form since they frequently exclude the subject. Thus, they clarify and streamline the request. For example, “You contact me” changes into “ Contact me ” without “ you .”

Consequently, imperative sentences are adaptable and function as a communication channel to accomplish tasks quickly. Indeed, they are fundamental for sharing advice or demands, whether given to someone to follow, made as an idea, or provided direction.

The Language of Strong Emotion: Exclamatory Sentences

Exclamatory sentences express thrill, surprise, delight, amazement, or anger. Therefore, their main responsibility is to fully portray these strong feelings, giving the message greater focus and intensity.

“ What a great rhetorical essay! ” and “ Wow, I like the view! ” are examples of an exclamatory sentence. Their expressions of delight and adoration heighten the statement’s effect.

No wonder these sentences typically start with phrases like “ Wow ”, “ What ” or “ How ”, and then the subject and verb come next. Obviously, an exclamation point after a sentence designates an exclamatory statement and indicates an enhanced mood.

As a rule, exclamatory sentences use strong words and punctuation to show how strong their emotions are. When you say, “ Wow, I love this! ” with much energy, it catches people’s interest and represents your feelings. Thus, this approach helps students to express when they’re super excited, surprised, or amazed.

Four Types of Sentences According to Structure

Depending on their sentence structure, sentences vary. In fact, each type creates a different system for structuring ideas, improving students’ writing and speech in harmony and precision. Now, let’s examine the four primary categories of sentences:

• Simple Sentences: It’s the simplest kind with one independent clause. An independent clause involves a subject and a verb as a predicate and offers a whole notion. Apparently, simple statements are easy to understand since they are clear-cut and brief. For instance, “ The water boils ” is a simple sentence.
• Compound Sentences: These join two or more separate clauses. For this reason, two or more independent clauses are joined by coordinating conjunctions like “and,” “but,” and “or”. In a compound sentence like “ My brother works, and my sister sings ”, every clause can be understood as a whole. Besides, writing becomes more nuanced by using compound phrases and a coordinating conjunction to connect every clause and similar concepts.
• Complex Sentences: A complex sentence consists of one independent clause plus at least one dependent clause. Thus, independent and dependent clauses cannot stand alone as a full sentence. It is standard to include dependent clauses with linking words like “ because ,” “ although ,” or “since.” For example, “ Although my brother works, my sister sings. ”
• Compound-Complex Sentences: Here, the elements of both compound and complex sentences are united. They have a minimum of one dependent clause and two independent clauses, but be aware that there can be more than two independent clauses. Using a compound-complex sentence, it is possible to describe several connected thoughts and relationships in a single statement.  Example: “ My brother works, and my sister sings when no one is home to hear. ” However, be careful with every comma and use punctuation correctly ; these sentences are tricky.

How to Improve Your Writing: Trying Different Sentence Styles

Want to write a good essay ? Explore various sentence styles and use the writing tips and techniques we describe below.

Use Declarative Sentences Briefly

Make sure your declarative sentences are clear and short. Be direct in your remarks, and refrain from using extraneous words. Say, for instance, “I am in a cafe”, not “At this wonderful moment, I am sitting in a cafe surrounded by some students, cups, and plates with cheesecake.” Remember: a simple sentence is better when you must quickly pass the info.

Active Participation With Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative sentences are excellent for grabbing your readers’ attention by raising queries or encouraging reflection. They force students to find an answer. “What marvels lurk across the ocean?” is just one example.

Captivate Focus Using Imperative Sentences

An imperative sentence with imperatives draws the reader in and motivates engagement. So, make use of them to offer commands. Take “Imagine yourself in the next five years” as an example.

Describe Feelings With Declarative Phrases

Declarative sentences highlight a point of view. They’re ideal for adding passion to your work. For example: “What an amazing scene!”

Offer Diversity to Improve the Flow

Writing has more rhythm when sentence patterns are switched. For simple narrative writing, use declarative sentences; for intense drama or action, use imperatives and their command. Meanwhile, use interrogative sentences for mystery or rhetorical impact and exclamatory types of statements for a personal reaction. Take a look:

Declarative: “He walks to the office every Monday.”

Interrogative: “Will I ever see her again?”

Imperative: “Hurry up! Students are coming!”

Exclamatory: “How wonderful she looked that night!”

Use these methods to engage audience members, arouse their emotions, and develop a lively story with all four types of sentences.

Final Advice After Reviewing Different Sentence Types

You occasionally write regardless of who you are ─ a writer, student, or astronaut. That is why you must be able to identify different types of sentences to write smoothly. By learning how to employ declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences, you can create texts that convey your message clearly. However, there is a way to do it faster: using an essay writing service well-versed in every sentence type. Keep it in mind the next time you sit down to write, and consider experimenting with any sentence structure to improve the quality of your work!

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Evolution News & Science Today

Intelligent design, another call for a “new synthesis”.

I recently wrote a  post  critical of biologist Peter Corning’s “synergism hypothesis.” Afterwards Dr. Corning got in touch and advised me to consider his new paper, “Cooperative Genes in Smart Systems: Toward an Inclusive New Synthesis in Evolution,” in  Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology . 

Of course I was happy to read it. And I’m glad he pointed me to it, because although the paper doesn’t address any of the criticisms from the intelligent design perspective (honestly, I would have been pleasantly surprised if it did) it is quite relevant to the ID/Darwinism debate. 

In the new paper, Corning argues that it’s time to throw out the neo-Darwinian synthesis. He goes farther than the call for an “extended synthesis” that was made by some biologists a few years ago. It’s not that the synthesis needs to be extended , he writes — it needs to be replaced. 

This paper follows closely behind an article in  Nature  by Oxford’s Denis Noble arguing for much the same thing, which Casey Luskin reviewed  here . Luskin wrote: 

Noble’s vision of biology… where dogma is discarded, new ideas are considered, agency and purpose are acknowledged, cells are more complex than computers and machines, proteins are like miniature transformers, and organisms control their genomes, is highly compatible with intelligent design — certainly far more compatible than the biological thinking of the past hundred years. This means biology is moving in the right direction. 

In his paper, Corning adds his voice to Noble’s. He cites Noble to argue that genes “play only a minor role” in evolution. Instead, many factors guide the evolution of life. Evolution is complex and unpredictable, he writes, and “biological evolution is not reducible to physics.” 

“The time has come,” Corning declares, “to abandon the gene-centered Modern Synthesis and  The Selfish Gene  model of evolution.” The new synthesis should be a “more inclusive, open-ended synthesis, in recognition of the fact that there may still be more influences yet to be discovered.”

Corning identifies several factors in evolution that are neglected by the Modern Synthesis, including: 

• Epigenetic guidance of genetic change
• Lamarckian evolution (heritable traits introduced by the habits of the parent) 
• Horizontal gene transfer 
• Symbiosis (or “cooperative effects,” or “synergy”) 
• Teleonomy (internal “purposiveness”) 

He even cites the panspermia hypothesis, albeit in one of its more modest forms: the idea that the compounds that eventually formed the first life were seeded on Earth by meteors. 

If Lamarck Can Do It… 

All this points to a truth that is important for the ID position: namely, that “the assured results of modern science” may not be assured forever.

The gene-centered model is a clear example. We were supposed to believe that the “selfish gene” was unassailable and was only doubted by religious fundamentalists and cranks. If ID theorists rejected it, that was because they were at best biased, and at worst, secretly anti-science. 

But now, poof! it’s just another discarded model. 

Or take Lamarckian evolution. According to Corning, old Lamarck is making something of a comeback. Yet when I was first studying biology, Lamarck’s theory was presented to students as nothing but the debunked historical alternative to Darwinian evolution, faintly ridiculous in hindsight. (And to give you an idea of how quickly that means things can change: I don’t remember 9/11.) 

If one theory can return from the dusty, forgotten shelves of the History of Science and spring back to pages of biology journals, then so can another. No theory should be dismissed out of hand simply because the scientific “consensus” is against it. Likewise, no theory is so well-established that it might not someday be discarded. 

There Was No Problem, and Also, We Solved the Problem 

Granted, the fact that biologists such as Corning are calling for a new synthesis does not, in itself, necessarily indicate a flaw in Darwin’s theory. Yes, you could interpret it as a sign that the contemporary formulation of Darwinism is failing and that its devotees are scrambling to repair or replace it. But you could also put a different spin on it — that Darwin’s mechanism works just fine, but so do many other means of evolution. The call for a new synthesis could simply show that life actually has  many  ways to evolve. 

Corning’s statement in his book  Synergistic Selection  that “Darwin’s theory does not provide an explanation for the rise of biological complexity” would seem to favor the former view. Yet in this paper, despite the fact that Corning is calling for a new synthesis, he does not seem to want to state that there was ever really any big mystery or explanatory gap in unguided evolution. I suppose to do so would be to admit that ID theorists and critics of Darwin’s theory had a point. That sort of admission would be hard to publish in a peer-reviewed scientific journal (and Corning himself might not like to make it).

This is the sad irony: people will often only admit that an argument against their position has any merit  after  they think they have come up with a sufficient rebuttal. First, there’s no problem, and you’re ignorant to think that there is — then next thing you know, with no steps in between, you hear that the problem has been solved.

[ Editor’s note : Casey Luskin has wryly called this dance move the “retroactive admission of ignorance.” “Years ago,” writes Dr. Luskin, “I began to recognize a repeating phenomenon in the rhetoric of evolutionary literature: Scientists, echoed by science journalists, would only admit a problem with their models or a challenge to their ideas once they thought they had found a solution.”  See, for example, here .]

Winning by Not Playing? 

Of course, if you’re going to pull the trigger and move on to Phase 2, “The problem has been solved,” you’d better be darn sure that the problem really has been solved. I suspect a major reason the “new synthesis” has yet to become truly mainstream is that its various hypotheses don’t actually resolve any of the problems posed by ID arguments. 

Actually, it’s worse than that. They don’t even seem to address the arguments at all. 

It’s hard to effectively refute an argument without referencing it. The paper, and the hypotheses it promotes, are presented as being in some sense a rebuttal to the ID position. Yet there are no (even indirect) references to ID arguments in this paper. The mathematical difficulties of getting information for free are not addressed. The fact that only foresight, not natural selection, increases the probability of a system of interworking parts uniting to create a given adaptive feature, is not addressed. The demonstrated improbability of getting even a single truly constructive mutation by chance in the course of Earth’s 4.6-billion-year history is not addressed. The tendency of selective pressures to break things much faster than they build them is not addressed. 

If the architects of the new synthesis show no evidence of knowing more about intelligent design arguments than you can learn from Wikipedia, it’s no wonder defenders of Darwinism might be reluctant to embrace this synthesis as the new authoritative explanation for biological complexity. Although it’s rarely said out loud, the point has never been merely to explain complexity; it’s to explain complexity  without design . And to do that, sadly, you sometimes have to actually engage with the design arguments (not all of which, by the way, are obvious enough to think of on your own). 

As tempting as it may be, simply ignoring the dissidents didn’t work for the old synthesis, and it won’t work for the new synthesis either. Eventually — if the new synthesis survives long enough — its proponents will have to come up with their own answers to the challenges facing unguided evolution.