essay questions based on fathers of nations

Fathers Of Nation Questions And Answers

1) Discuss the relevance of the Title ‘Fathers of Nations ‘by Paul B.Vitta (20 marks)

2) Effective leadership guarantees its people security and equitable distribution of resources and opportunities, discuss the irony of this statement basing your arguments on the novel fathers of nation by Paul B, Vitta (20 marks)

3) Change implies making either an essential difference often amounting to a loss of original identity or a substitution of one thing for another. Discuss the validity of this statement drawing examples from fathers of nation by Paul B Vitta (20 marks)

4) Discuss the theme of Betrayal as brought out in the novel fathers of nations by Paul B. Vitta(20 marks)

5) The novel ‘Fathers of nation’ by Paul B. vitta exposes a number of incidents of conflict or disagreement. Write a composition in support of this statement (20 marks)

6) Discuss the following themes as depicted in the novel

a) Loss and Pain(20 marks)

b) Marriage and Family(20 marks)

c) Moral Decay/Decadence(20 marks)

d) Corruption/Dishonesty (20 marks)

e) Religion/Religiosity Piety(20 marks)

f) Poverty/destitution (20 marks)

7) "Change is inevitable in any society." Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write an essay to justify this statement. (20 marks)

8) "Despite the obvious human weaknesses, Abiola is an adorable man." Making close reference to the novel, Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write a composition to validate this statement. (20 marks)

9) "Alienation is not only painful but also stigmatizing." Using Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta for your illustrations, write an essay to show the truth of this assertion. (20marks)

10) "Conflict and society are inseparable." Using Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta for illustrations, write a composition to validate this statement. (20 marks)

11) "Life is full of ironies." Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write an essay to justify this statement. (20 marks)

12) "Betrayal pervades every level of the society." Basing your illustrations on Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, write a composition to show the truth of this assertion. (20 marks)

13) The death of a beloved one can cause intense response. Basing your argument Paul Vita’s Fathers Nations, discuss this statement. (20 Marks)

14) Write an essay on the disputes that arise in the novel Fathers of Nations and how each is resolved (20 marks)

15) Identify and illustrate any stylistic devices Paul B. Vita has used to tell the story in Fathers of Nations. (20 marks)

16) Write an essay on the disputes that arise in the novel Fathers of Nations and how each is resolved. (20 marks)

17) A person controlled by a desire for power has no sense of justice. Drawing your illustrations from Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta write an essay supporting this statement. (20 marks)

18) Money and desire can change an individual. Basing your illustrations on Paul Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to back up this statement. (20 marks)

19) Betrayal causes pain and strain in society. Using illustrations from Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to validate this statement. (20 marks)

20) Professor Kimani and Dr. Afolabi are portrayed as voices of reason in Fathers of Nations. Basing your illustrations on Paul B. Vitta's Fathers of Nations, write an essay to validate this assertion." (20 marks)

21) Rejection can be a source of agony both to ourselves and society. Using illustrations from Fathers of Nations, write an essay in support of this statement. (20 marks)

22) Cultures can disintegrate families. Using the marriage of Dr Afolabi and Pamela in Fathers of Nations, write an essay on how bad cultures are to marriages.(20 marks).

23) Show how the author has brought out the theme of poverty and underdevelopment in Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta. (20 marks)

24) Discuss the character traits of each of the following as illustrated in Fathers of Nations by Paul B.Vitta.

a) Karanja Kimani

b) Comrade Ngobile Melusi

c) Pastor Chineke Chiamaka

d) Dr.Abiola Afolabi

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks)

When all four were back at their seats, the Chair began to wrap up."Excellencies, we've come to the end of our summit." He smiled, and why not? Had The Trick not saved the day? Had it not eliminated the need for the consensus he could not achieve? "Go back home safely, Excellencies.

As we say in my country, travel like lions, without fear of attack or worry about supper. And,

speaking about supper, the Pinnacle informs me that, to cap our summit, it has organised a closing ceremony on the mezzanine floor. Things will start sizzling in thirty minutes. So we'll meet there soon." Gavel hit wood.Bang. "I now declare the summit itself formally closed." Bang. Bang. President Dibonso sprang to hit feet at once. "Mr Chairman, don't insult our intelligence withthat rubbish." His voice was grating on all ears with tones of rage. "What rubbish are you referring to? President Dibonso?" asked the Chair. He was rising tothe challenge. "The Choice Matrix indeed! Do you really expect us to buy into that madness? Can't you seethat some of us are not senile? We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel." "I said the summit stands closed," insisted the Chair. Bang. Bang."And I say it is open again," retorted President Dibonso.

"But, President Dibonso, you do not have the power to do so." "Who says I do not have the power to do so? See this?" He pulled out a pistol, pocket-size.The other heads of state scrambled to hide under their desks. "President Dibonso, put that thing away!" demanded the Chair."Make me!" retorted President Dibonso, The pistol clicked, It was ready to start spitting fire at the Chaire.

QUESTIONS

a) Briefly explain what happens just before the excerpt. (4 marks) b) Identify and illustrate two-character traits of the Summit Chair and one of PresidentDibonso. (6 marks)

c) What two themes come out in the excerpt? (4 marks) d) (i) We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel. (Write beginning with "Lock ") (1mark) e) Discuss two stylistic devices used in the excerpt. (4 marks) f) I said the summit is closed. ( Rewrite using a question tag) (1 mark)

g) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt. (3 marks) i. Consensus

ii. cap

iii. sizzling

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks) Professor Kimani joined the University of Nairobi directly as a senior lecturer. Even before taking off, he was already flying. There was a reason. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda had justdismantled théir University of East Africa. Kenya's part of the university, now renamed the University of Nairobi, found itself with a vacancy it had to fill immediately in its Institute of Development Studies.

Professor Kimani, who had just completed his studies at the University of Oxford, wrote from there to say he wanted to fill it. To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer.

He came. Only a month after his arrival, he launched a noisy debate in which he demanded that the University of Nairobi henceforth strive for relevance to the society rather than simplyexcellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevance to the society rather than simply excellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevanceto the society. However, a short six months later, he prevailed. The university's official mottobecame, 'Relevance to the society'.

After winning this war, he started another war which was even noisier. Now he wanted the university to be an agent of change, not a mere spectator of it. This was when people still thought this view was too radical and ridiculed it as simple- minded. So, not surprising, someof his colleagues, puzzled by his refusal to see that it was simple-minded, did or said

little, convinced that he would fall on his face before long and self-destruct on his own

without their help.

He did not care. After all, his antics in wars that he had started, and won, had also won him the heart of a campus beauty queen. Her name was Asiya Omondi. He married her on a rainy but approving Saturday, to claps of thunder and flashes of lightning. How marriage then accelerated academic success! A professorship soon followed. After that achievement, he feltfulfilled. His persona now was complete. Had anyone told him this happiness would CONTACT 0756710486 FOR ANSWER S

one dayend as it did, he would have laughed himself upside down.

a) After Kimani fills a vacancy in University of Nairobi's Institute of Development Studies,he demands for two changes at the university in quick succession. What are these changes? (2 marks)

b) Identify and illustrate three characters traits of Kimani brought out in this excerpt. (6marks) c) Discuss three themes raised in the excerpt. (6 marks) d) (i) To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from

that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer. (Write beginning with the mainclause). (1 mark) ii) His persona now was complete . (1 mark) e) Identify one stylistic device used in the excerpt. (4 marks) f) Explain the meaning of the following words used in the excerpt. (4 marks) g) The writer says, 'Had anyone told him this happiness would one day end as it did, hewould have laughed himself upside down." What later happened to Professor Kimaniin the text? (2 marks)

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks)

"Tad," said the cranky passenger as he was settling down in economy class, in a seat next toDr Afolabi's. "Tad Longway," he added. His voice, deep, lingered on like the boom of a bigdrum. He held up a card. Dr Afolabi took it. It said the man was a Director of Special Projects at the

Agency for Governance and Development in Africa. "Pleased to meet you, Mr Longway," Dr CONTACT 0756710486 FOR ANSWER S

Afolabisaid. "My name is Abiola Afolabi. I teach at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. " "You gave an excellent keynote the other day, Dr Afolabi," said the cranky passenger. Sparksof earnestness were crossing his eyes, both crystal-green like toy marbles, confirming the compliment was sincere. "Your keynote address at the Foundation for Democratic Rule, I mean. It was brilliant." "I'm glad you liked it, Mr Longway," Dr Afolabi said. His voice had become warm. "Youwere there, then, Mr Longway?"

"Yes, but back in the last row. As a mere spectator, I did not want to be obtrusive. Anyway, you were superb, Dr Afolabi. If you don't mind my adding this, I was more impressed by thepoints that the audience raised afterwards, during the question-and-answer period. "

Dr Afolabi felt the praise he had just heard turn into reproach. "So what were those points,Mr Longway?" he asked. His voice was less warm. "Remember the guy from Grassroots International: short fellow, round of body andoutspoken of manner? What was his name? It's on the tip of my tongue."

You must mean the fire-eater who kept accusing me of looking for answers where I shouldnot even look," Dr Afolabi said. "Exactly, that's our man. Yes, I thought he was right on point, Dr Afolabi. He too wasunhappy with the present state."

"Wait, the present state of what?" "Africa.""I don 't understand. " "No problem. I'll spell it out for you. You see, Dr Afolabi, Africa, in its present state, has twonew arrivals: corruption and impunity. The first is a crime the Second protects from punishment, the second is another crime the first rewards with kickbacks. That is Africa in its presept state. Now can it change?" "Tell me. Can it?""Well, let's ask the Law of Will." '"' What?"

"Unless there is will to change, there will be no change."

(a) Briefly explain what happens before the excerpt. (3 marks) (b) Discuss one-character traits of Dr Afolabi and two of Mr Longway. (6 marks) (c) Highlight two themes evident in the excerpt. (4 marks)

(d) (i) It's on the tip of my tongue. (Add a question tag) (1 mark) CONTACT 0756710 4 8 6 FOR ANSWER S

iii) Unless there is will to change, there will be no change. (Rewrite using "if ") (1mark) (e) Identify two stylistic devices used in the excerpt. (4 marks) (f) (F) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

R ead the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks) Cute as a button and sharp as a needle, he thought. Her eyes were wide and white like a pairof moons. She continued. "My natural parents were Gambian, but I will never see them. aredead. Oh, well." She wriggled in her chair. "Goodness me, what am I doing? Dictating my autobiography?" She waved that idea away. "Let's talk business now, shall we?" She pulledout of her handbag a small device then switched it on. "Mind if I start recording?"

"You're a reporter?" He had not thought she was."Yes, for the Gambian News." "I see. Now, how can I help you, Ms Mckenzie?""I'd like to ask you a few questions, if I may." "Yes, you may. In fact, why don't I start you off? My name is Abiola Afolabi, which you seem to

know already. But you can just call me Abiola, my first name. Take it from there." "I will: you studied at Harvard University in the USA. Now you teach at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria." She smiled. "I got that from the cover of your book: Failure of States." Heaverted his eyes to enjoy this fame in the correct manner— with humility, he hoped she would easily see through. This black Scotswoman surely knew her tread, he thought.

"when I heard you were heard at The Seamount Hotel, Dr Afolabi, I decided to come and seeyou. So

here I am. This is also funny."

"Funny?"

"Yes. I expected to see an academic scarecrow dressed in jeans. Instead, I see a well- dressedman who might well be a business person..."

v) Menacingly

a) Explain what happens immediately g) Explain the meaning of the following before thisexcerpt. (4 marks)

b) Identify and illustrate two aspects of style in this excerpt. (4 marks) c) Discuss one theme evident in this excerpt. (2 marks) d) Discuss two-character traits of Fiona in the excerpt. (4 marks) e) Briefly explain what happens what happens after this excerpt. (2 marks) f) How are Afolabi's thoughts in his book fulfilled later in the book? Briefly explain

(4marks)

g) Explain the meaning of the following words as used in the excerpt. (5 marks) i) Averted

ii) Autobiography

iii) Wriggled

iv) Tread

essay questions based on fathers of nations

Fathers of Nation Possible KCSE Excerpts Questions and Answers-Excerpts 1-5

Get Excerpts 6-10 Here

Compilation of Possible Excerpts Based Questions Likely to be Examined in English Paper 2.

Possible kcse excerpt 1, read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow. (25 marks).

When all four were back at their seats, the Chair began to wrap up.”Excellencies, we’ve come to the end of our summit.” He smiled, and why not? Had The Trick not saved the day? Had it not eliminated the need for the consensus he could not achieve? “Go back home safely, Excellencies. As we say in my country, travel like lions, without fear of attack or worry about supper. And, speaking about supper, the Pinnacle informs me that, to cap our summit, it has organised a closing ceremony on the mezzanine floor. Things will start sizzling in thirty minutes. So we’ll meet there soon.” Gavel hit wood.Bang. “I now declare the summit itself formally closed.” Bang. Bang. President Dibonso sprang to hit feet at once. “Mr Chairman, don’t insult our intelligence withthat rubbish.” His voice was grating on all ears with tones of rage. “What rubbish are you referring to? President Dibonso?” asked the Chair. He was rising tothe challenge. “The Choice Matrix indeed! Do you really expect us to buy into that madness? Can’t you seethat some of us are not senile? We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel.” “I said the summit stands closed,” insisted the Chair. Bang. Bang.”And I say it is open again,” retorted President Dibonso.

“But, President Dibonso, you do not have the power to do so.” “Who says I do not have the power to do so? See this?” He pulled out a pistol, pocket-size.The other heads of state scrambled to hide under their desks. “President Dibonso, put that thing away!” demanded the Chair.”Make me!” retorted President Dibonso, The pistol clicked, It was ready to start spitting fire at the Chaire.

Briefly explain what happens just before the excerpt. (4 marks)
Identify and illustrate two-character traits of the Summit Chair and one of PresidentDibonso.
What two themes come out in the excerpt? (4 marks)
(i) We reject the matrix, lock, stock and barrel. (Write beginning with “Lock “) (1mark)
Discuss two stylistic devices used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
I said the summit is closed. ( Rewrite using a question tag) (1 mark)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 2

Professor Kimani joined the University of Nairobi directly as a senior lecturer. Even before taking off, he was already flying. There was a reason. Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda had justdismantled théir University of East Africa. Kenya’s part of the university, now renamed the University of Nairobi, found itself with a vacancy it had to fill immediately in its Institute of Development Studies.

He came. Only a month after his arrival, he launched a noisy debate in which he demanded that the University of Nairobi henceforth strive for relevance to the society rather than simplyexcellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevance to the society rather than simply excellence of its work. It was not clear exactly what he meant by relevanceto the society. However, a short six months later, he prevailed. The university’s official mottobecame, ‘Relevance to the society’.

without their help.

After Kimani fills a vacancy in University of Nairobi’s Institute of Development Studies,he demands for two changes at the university in quick succession. What are these changes?
Identify and illustrate three characters traits of Kimani brought out in this excerpt. (6marks)
Discuss three themes raised in the excerpt. (6 marks)
(i) To ensure he came and filled it for sure, the University of Nairobi raised his entry point from that of a lecturer to that of a senior lecturer. (Write beginning with the mainclause). (1 mark)

ii) His persona now was complete . (1 mark)

Identify one stylistic device used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
Explain the meaning of the following words used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
The writer says, ‘Had anyone told him this happiness would one day end as it did, hewould have laughed himself upside down.” What later happened to Professor Kimaniin the text? (2 marks)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 3

Read the excerpt below and answer the questions that follow (25 marks)

“Tad,” said the cranky passenger as he was settling down in economy class, in a seat next toDr Afolabi’s. “Tad Longway,” he added. His voice, deep, lingered on like the boom of a bigdrum. He held up a card. Dr Afolabi took it. It said the man was a Director of Special Projects at the Agency for Governance and Development in Africa. “Pleased to meet you, Mr Longway,” Dr Afolabisaid. “My name is Abiola Afolabi. I teach at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. “

“You gave an excellent keynote the other day, Dr Afolabi,” said the cranky passenger. Sparksof earnestness were crossing his eyes, both crystal-green like toy marbles, confirming the compliment was sincere. “Your keynote address at the Foundation for Democratic Rule, I mean. It was brilliant.” “I’m glad you liked it, Mr Longway,” Dr Afolabi said. His voice had become warm. “Youwere there, then, Mr Longway?”

“Yes, but back in the last row. As a mere spectator, I did not want to be obtrusive. Anyway, you were superb, Dr Afolabi. If you don’t mind my adding this, I was more impressed by thepoints that the audience raised afterwards, during the question-and-answer period. “

Dr Afolabi felt the praise he had just heard turn into reproach. “So what were those points,Mr Longway?” he asked. His voice was less warm. “Remember the guy from Grassroots International: short fellow, round of body andoutspoken of manner? What was his name? It’s on the tip of my tongue.”

You must mean the fire-eater who kept accusing me of looking for answers where I shouldnot even look,” Dr Afolabi said. “Exactly, that’s our man. Yes, I thought he was right on point, Dr Afolabi. He too wasunhappy with the present state.”

“Wait, the present state of what?” “Africa.””I don ‘t understand. ” “No problem. I’ll spell it out for you. You see, Dr Afolabi, Africa, in its present state, has twonew arrivals: corruption and impunity. The first is a crime the Second protects from punishment, the second is another crime the first rewards with kickbacks. That is Africa in its presept state. Now can it change?”

“Tell me. Can it?””Well, let’s ask the Law of Will.” ‘”‘ What?” “Unless there is will to change, there will be no change.”

Briefly explain what happens before the excerpt. (3 marks)
Discuss one-character traits of Dr Afolabi and two of Mr Longway. (6 marks)
Highlight two themes evident in the excerpt. (4 marks)
(i) It’s on the tip of my tongue. (Add a question tag) (1 mark)

iii) Unless there is will to change, there will be no change. (Rewrite using “if “) (1mark)

Identify two stylistic devices used in the excerpt. (4 marks)
(F) Explain the meaning of the following words and expressions used in the excerpt. (4 marks)

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 4

Cute as a button and sharp as a needle, he thought. Her eyes were wide and white like a pairof moons. She continued. “My natural parents were Gambian, but I will never see them. aredead. Oh, well.” She wriggled in her chair. “Goodness me, what am I doing? Dictating my autobiography?” She waved that idea away. “Let’s talk business now, shall we?” She pulledout of her handbag a small device then switched it on. “Mind if I start recording?”

“You’re a reporter?” He had not thought she was.”Yes, for the Gambian News.”

“I see. Now, how can I help you, Ms Mckenzie?””I’d like to ask you a few questions, if I may.” “Yes, you may. In fact, why don’t I start you off? My name is Abiola Afolabi, which you seem to

know already. But you can just call me Abiola, my first name. Take it from there.”

“I will: you studied at Harvard University in the USA. Now you teach at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria.” She smiled. “I got that from the cover of your book: Failure of States.” Heaverted his eyes to enjoy this fame in the correct manner— with humility, he hoped she would easily see through. This black Scotswoman surely knew her tread, he thought.

“when I heard you were heard at The Seamount Hotel, Dr Afolabi, I decided to come and seeyou. So

here I am. This is also funny.” “Funny?”

“Yes. I expected to see an academic scarecrow dressed in jeans. Instead, I see a well- dressedman who might well be a business person…”

Explain what happens immediately g) Explain the meaning of the following before thisexcerpt.
Identify and illustrate two aspects of style in this excerpt. (4 marks)
Discuss one theme evident in this excerpt. (2 marks)
Discuss two-character traits of Fiona in the excerpt. (4 marks)
Briefly explain what happens what happens after this excerpt. (2 marks)
How are Afolabi’s thoughts in his book fulfilled later in the book? Briefly explain
Autobiography

POSSIBLE KCSE EXCERPT 5

“Why do you want to steal my wife?””The word I used is ‘marry’. You prefer ‘steal’?””What good is she to you?” Kimani cursed himself for that wording: he had degraded notonly his wife but also himself, and in the same breath, upgraded his foe.”What good is she to me? Because she is much older than I am? — is that what you mean?Then hear my answer. Old is gold.”Mr Walomu’s opponents had a different answer: ‘ ‘When a cat gets into a pigeon coop,” theysaid, “it kills all the pigeons it finds there, not just those it will eat”.

Mr Walomu had already eaten three pigeons and now had in his paws a fourth: Asiya. Strewnalong his path, lay many others he had killed but not eaten. So who could say for sure that,months hence, Asiya would not become one of these?Mr Walomu’s opponents continued. “As for what you call ‘stealing’, a professor in Texassaysthat lots of people do it. He threw in a Swahili to support his claim.

“Na hivyo ndivyo ilivyo.” To help it along, he gave an appropriate English equivalent. “Andthat’s how the cookie crumbles.”That was mockery Professor Kimani felt had to reject. “You have three beautiful wives,” hebegan. This was a silly start, as even he realised. Had he not sounded like an envious loser?Nonetheless, he went on. “All of them are young.””And young they’ll still be the day I die,” Walomu added.”Karanja, you know the saying: ‘A real bull dies with green grass in its mouth’ .”

Identify and illustrate two-character traits of Walomu in the excerpt . (4 marks)
Then hear my answer. (Add a question tag ) (1 mark).
Discuss two themes raised in the excerpt. (4 marks)
Identify and illustrate three stylistic devices used in the excerpt. (6 marks)
To help it along, he gave an approximate English equivalent. (Rewrite beginning withthe main clause) (1 mark).

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KCSE SET BOOKS ESSAY QUESTIONS and ANSWERS

Enjoy free KCSE revision materials on imaginative compositions, essay questions and answers and comprehensive analysis (episodic approach) of the set books including Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta, The Samaritan by John Lara, A Silent Song, An Artist of the Floating World by Kazuo Ishiguro and Parliament of Owls by Adipo Sidang'. This blog is useful to Kenyan students preparing for KCSE; and their teachers.

Saturday 24 June 2023

Fathers of nations questions and answers guide pdf, guide to fathers of nations: questions and answers pdf – paul b. vitta.

©Wafula Wekati 2023

How many heads of state are attending the summit?

50 heads of state

Where is the venue for the summit?

Gambia’s capital of Banjul.

The heads of state boycott a closing ceremony organized by Gambia. What reason does a paper give for the boycott?

The boycott was as a result of a bitter disagreement the heads of state had earlier.

What happens to the man caught selling confidential documents marked for 100 eyes only?

He disappeared never to be seen again.

What is the assessment of the summit by the visiting heads of state?

They posit that the summit was a failure.

How do the Gambians respond to the views expressed by the visiting heads of state?

That the foreigners have freedom of expression and the right to say anything they please.

What is Gambia’s feeling about the summit?

In their own light, they see it as the most successful summit ever held they illuminate high points and blur out low points.

Chapter one: Arrival at the Sea Mount (P1-2)

How many strangers check in at the Sea Mount hotel?

Four strangers (PG1)

Identify the strangers in the order in which they arrive. Give their occupation and nationalities.

Karanja Kimani , 60- Professor in the institute of development studies at the university of Nairobi (Kenya)

Ngobile Melusi, 70- Comrade and citizen of Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe), ex politician

Chineke Chiamaka, 50- Pastor at the church inside Africa ‘CIA’ in Lagos (Nigeria)

Seif Tahir, 40- engineer, former employee at the Ministry of Defence in Tripoli (Libya)

Which rooms does the hotel give them?

Professor Kimani- 4 th floor, East wing

Comrade Melusi- 5 th floor, South wing

Pastor Chiamaka- 6 th floor, West wing

Engineer Tahir- 3 rd floor, North wing (PG1-2)

First phone call from Guide (P1-2)

For how long had Professor Kimani been in the room before the phone rang?

Less than an hour (PG2)

What is AGDA in full?

Agency for Governance and Development in Africa ( PG2)

What is a AGDA's message to Professor Kimani according to the caller?

That he accepts the caller as his guide while he was there ( PG3)

What is the nationality of the caller?

Nigerian (PG3)

What is the combination lock of the briefcase Professor Kimani finds in his room?

One, one, two, four

How does the caller reply when Professor Kimani asks for his name?

He identifies himself as their guide

Fiona & Afolabi interview (P2-4)

How is Fiona dressed when Dr. Afolabi meets her for the first time?

She was wearing a scarlet blouse, a black skirt and red high heels

What is Fiona’s full name?

Fiona McKenzie

What is the explanation behind her second name?

Her natural parents were Gambians but they are dead. She was adopted by Scottish missionaries, Ian and Elspeth McKenzie when she was less than a year old

What is Fiona’s occupation?

Fiona Mackenzie is a reporter for the Gambian news

What is Dr. Afolabi's level of education and his occupation?

Dr. Afolabi studied at Harvard University in the USA. He teaches at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

What is the title of the book he has authored?

Failure of States

How old is Dr. Afolabi?

45 years old

How old is Fiona McKenzie

35 years old

Where will the African heads of states be having the debate?

At the Pinnacle Hotel

What are Afolabi and Fiona’s assignments in relation to this?

Afolabi will be the adviser of the heads of state, while Fiona will be covering the debate on behalf of the Gambian News.

What is the debate all about?

African heads of state are in Banjul to adopt a document entitled Way Omega: a document containing a way to develop the African continent, discovered by 20 noble laureates as a common development strategy for Africa.

What are Dr. Afolabi Afolabi’s expectation of the summit?

He expects an end to military coups and rigged elections in Africa. He believes Way Omega will rid Africa of coups and civil wars.

What question does Fiona ask Dr. Afolabi that irks him?

She asks him what makes him so optimistic about Africa’s future now, when in his book he is very pessimistic. Is it about Way Omega or the prestige of its authors?

How does Afolabi’s perception of Fiona change?

He had seen a lamb: vulnerable. Now, he saw a lioness: dangerous.

Why does the interview end abruptly?

Fiona’s phone rings. Her boss wants her back at the office.

The pain of hosting VIPs (P10-16)

Why do the 49 foreign heads of state look happy?

They had escaped troublemakers in their own home countries. They expected to get rest, and a trouble free stay in Gambia, the land of Kunta Kinte.

The 49 heads of states give the hosting country good publicity but this publicity comes at a high price. Explain.

Bulldozers are dispatched at night to demolish roadside kiosks on which whole families depend for their livelihood. Dignitaries see that a few streets once had sidewalks.

Roads get rare layers of tarmac at times of maximum traffic. Motorists come to a standstill when it really hurts.

Checkpoints sprout everywhere. Guards get more basis for extorting bribes from passers-by

Water taps at which whole neighborhoods queued just to get buckets of water dry up. All the water has gone to mesmerize the dignitaries with new water fountains (PG11)

Which ministries are jointly charged with the responsibility of preventing catastrophe at the summit?

The Ministry of Internal Security and the Ministry of Defence.

Which effective way of ensuring that all the heads of state would be safe do they come up with?

All heads of state including the host, would stay in one place, the Pinnacle Hotel, located on the outskirts of Banjul.

The elementary task of ensuring the Pinnacle Hotel became and remained an impenetrable fortress rested on two pillars intelligence and combat. Explain.

Intelligence meant secret agents combed every hideout in Banjul investigating rumours about plans to storm the pinnacle. The police handled this.

Combat meant trained soldiers engaging any unauthorized person who came near the Pinnacle.

Which ministries are jointly tasked with extending to each head of state his or her due respect or protocol?

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the ministry of International Cooperation.

They are tasked with seating arrangement of their heads of state at the feast and their accommodation at the Pinnacle.

How do they go about the issues of seating arrangement and hotel accommodation ?

The heads of state would sit in Alphabetical order. The floors were also given out according to Alphabetical order with Algeria and Angola getting the top floor.

Assuming each delegation, big or small, had to be equal, each delegation was given four rooms.

Chapter 2: Guides second phone call (P16-20)

At what time does Pastor Chiamaka receive the second phone call?

Pastor Chiamaka receives the second phone call from the guide at 9:00 PM

What are the contents of the briefcase he found in his room? (p16)

A letter from AGDA

A copy of Way Omega

A copy of Path Alpha

Leaflets, pamphlets and brochures from AGDA

A mobile phone

What was Pastor Chiamaka doing when his guide saw him at the bar at the Seamount Hotel?

He was having a Pepsi

How long does the guide take to talk to the four men on the phone?

He takes two hours between 9:00 PM and 11:00 PM.

Chapter 3: The rise of Professor Kimani (P21-25)

Which vacant position does Professor Kimani fill at the University of Nairobi?

He joins the University of Nairobi directly as a senior lecturer to fill a vacancy in the Institute of Development Studies.

Where was he studying before he applied for the position?

University of Oxford.

What proposal does Professor Kimani make noisily, a month after his arrival at the University of Nairobi?

He demands that the university henceforth strives for the relevance to the society rather than simply excellence of its work.

What is the university's official motto as a result of this effort?

Relevance to the society.

Which other proposal does he make?

He wants the university to be an agent of change, not a mere spectator of it.

What is the reaction of his colleagues?

Some deem it too radical while others ridicule it as simple minded.

What is the name of Kimani's wife?

Asiya Omondi

After their marriage, what else does Professor Kimani achieve?

A Professorship. He becomes a Professor.

The global recession (P22)

Explain how the donors are the forces behind the changes in Africa after the global recession.

They threatened to withhold aid unless Africa makes the changes they want.

What did the changes catalyze in parliament?

The changes catalyzed excesses or extravagance in parliament ostensibly to make up for the time they felt they had lost

Explain how the parliament staged a coup.

The MPs increased their salaries.

Those earnings are no longer deemed salaries so they are not taxable. They are exempted from taxation.

This is akin to a coup since the MPs make laws to permit such plunder. It becomes legal but immoral.

Why are parliaments worse than armies?

Soldiers could stage coups but they could not legalise their action. MPs break the law and legislate that breach as a new law.

Professor Kimani's woes (P25)

How has guarding matured into a fully fledged industry in Kenya?

Guarding does not stop at home protection

In transport area, vehicles have anti-theft gadgetry

In tourism, tour operators warn their foreign clients to avoid exposing valuables in public

In the workplace, we have seminars on personal safety

Why does Professor Kimani view this growth in guarding with disapproval and contempt?

He considers it a symptom of failure by the state to ensure safety for its citizens.

How is his view different from his daughter’s?

Tuni thinks attending seminars on personal safety is clever while Professor Kimani thinks safety is a necessity the state should provide.

Tuni says she intends to take precaution against male violence.

Which three reasons does the seminar instructor give that prove women are the easy prey?

The lack of awareness

A look of weakness and helplessness

A temptation to stray

Why can’t Tuni borrow her father’s car?

The car is down again. Professor Kimani will fix it as soon as he gets his next salary. Asiya refers to it as "That dying old Toyota"

How has the car become a metaphor of Professor Kimani according to Asiya?

Once she had seen him as a young man going places. Now she only saw an old man going nowhere. The car was going nowhere as well.

Which hurtful career advice does Asiya offer her husband Professor Kimani?

She advises him to leave the university and seek greener pastures.

It is hurtful because he compares him to Newborn Walomu, who left the university and is now a wealthy member of parliament with four cars (P29)

What did Newborn Walomu do before going to parliament?

Walomu, a rowdy fellow from a minor tribe without roads or schools, was a junior colleague of Professor Kimani at the university.

Why won’t Professor Kimani leave teaching and join politics?

He tells always tells Asiya that he was born a teacher and a teacher he will die. He considers people like Newborn losers.

How does Tuni meet her death?

She dies in a car crash. A trailer crashes a minibus she was traveling in.

She dies in freak accident, in a minibus under a truck trailer.

What is ironical about how she meets her death?

She does not die in an act of male violence as she had anticipated

How long does it take for Tuni’s parents to find closure?

six months

Why does Asiya Omondi leave Professor Kimani?

Newborn has asked to marry her

How does Asiya blame Professor Kimani for their daughter’s death?

She claims that Tuni would be alive if he had a real car.

How old is Asiya at the time they part ways?

Kimani and Walomu's altercation (P34-38)

How does Professor Kimani greet Newborn when he visits his office?

You, fat baboon (P34)

How many wives does Newborn have?

Three beautiful young women who have already borne him a child each.

How does Newborn go to parliament?

He won the seat in a by election, after his predecessor was killed by gunmen while he was wobbling out of a bar.

Who is Newborn's predecessor?

Kazi-Kubwa Pesa-ndogo, a swaggering rogue.

What reason does Walomu give for marrying Asiya who is older than he?

He says: old is gold (P36)

Why does Professor Kimani attack Newborn?

Professor Kimani had gone to confront Newborn for ‘stealing’ his wife and is infuriated when Newborn takes the opportunity to mock him. He is unable to tolerate.

What is Professor Kimani charged with?

Assaulting a Member of Parliament.

What disciplinary measure does the university take after this fiasco?

The university demotes Professor Kimani from his current rank as full Professor back to his starting rank as senior lecturer.

This is due punishment for disgracing the university in the face of the public.

What is the length of his jail term?

Six months

Professor Kimani joins AGDA (P38-45)

What is the name of the director of special projects at AGDA? How old is he?

Tad Longway, 50

Where is AGDA based?

Cape Town South Africa

What retribution did Mr. Mark Thatcher get for staging a coup in Equatorial Guinea?

The government of South Africa fined him $1,000,000 and handed him a suspended 4 year jail sentence

At independence, what problems did African leaders vow to eradicate?

Poverty, ignorance and disease.

Instead of eradicating these problems, they have added a fourth and are adding a fifth. Which are these two new problems?

Corruption and impunity

According to Longway, what is AGDA's mission?

To question Africa's status quo.

What will it take to develop this continent?
Is it human effort or supernatural effort?
A re the present leaders helping or impeding Africa’s development agenda? (P42)

How is a teacher similar to an activist according to Longway?

A teacher's job is to coach people towards the better future and activist’s job is to coax them towards that future.

They may use different methods common but there are similarities in their ultimate objective.

What is Path Alpha's motto?

Mobilizing civic discontent into will to change.

Why does Professor Kimani fit the profile of a Path Alpha traveler?

A traveller must believe in Path Alpha. From his history Professor Kimani is an idealist.

A Path Alpha traveler must have the drive to pursue goals and the tenacity to stick with them.

What is Professor Kimani expected to do after joining Path Alpha?

Attend the orientation in Cape Town, South Africa

Attend the next summit of African head of states in Banjul, Gambia as an observer.

When does Professor Kimani enlist for AGDA?

A day after Tad Longway’s visit (P45)

Which woes push Professor Kimani to take this Path?

Loss of her daughter, desertion by a wife and mistreatment by his university and the state.

Chapter 4: Fiona's Taxi Ride (P46-48)

When Fiona leaves the Seamount Hotel for her office, how long does she tell the boss she would take?

About an hour

This estimate overlooks which recent phenomenon?

Roadblocks. Her first stop is at Arch Number 22

What is Arch Number 22?

A colossal arch, erected by the architect of a coup which saw the undisputed, legitimate president of Gambia overthrown.

This happened on July 22, 1994.

How did the current president of Gambia ascend to power

By overthrowing the legitimate president in a military coup staged on July 22 nd , 1994.

What is the ironical story of the taxi driver?

He forms part of a growing African phenomenon. Taxi drivers with university degrees but no meaningful employment in the professions they trained for.

Why does the taxi driver refer to the guards as bullies?

They falsely claim that his taxi has faulty brakes and demand for a bribe

Which news does Fiona's boss deliver to her when she arrives at the office?

That he is pulling her out of the assignment to the summit at the Pinnacle.

She joins VOA from the Gambian News on a two year leave-on-loan-arrangement.

Fiona joins Voice of America (48-57)

What does VOA do that it could not do before just to save its image?

Employing non Americans in senior VOA positions. Miss McKenzie joins VOA bureau in Banjul

Who is Robert Manley? How old is he?

The chief of the VOA bureau, 40 years old

Who is the VOA communications-technician-in-residence?

Nicholas Sentinel, 25

Which breaking story does the VOA need Fiona to help them cover?

The heads of state summit at the Pinnacle Hotel.

Why does VOA choose Fiona to cover the story for them?

Because of her professional expertise and her African background.

Where did Fiona study?

Edinburgh, Scotland

What does Nick Sentiment use to monitor electronic transmissions or wireless communication?

Real-time multi-phase mega-channel analyzer also known as the silent listener.

Liberian mauler (P57-65)

Why is the clerk at the Seamount Hotel indifferent to the altercation?

He has a wife and five kids to feed and fears losing his job.

Who is the Liberian Mauler?

His real name is Leo. He is the man that attacks Fiona at the Seamount Hotel lobby.

What is the name and nationality of Doctor Afolabi’s ex-wife?

Pamela, American

Why was the Liberian Mauler referring to Fiona as Joy ?

It is a local slang for a street walker or a sex worker.

Chapter 5: Afolabi in Boston (P66-70)

What is Doctor Afolabi invited to do in America before he is invited to Banjul to serve as advisor to the summit of the heads of state?

He had previously been invited by The Foundation for Democratic Rule in Washington to give a keynote address at an annual conference

For his wife Pamela, how was the invitation by the foundation Godsend?

She had not been able to see her father, who lived alone as a widower in Boston

How do the views of Doctor Afolabi about children varying from Pamela's?

He wanted to have two children of his own, whereas Pamela wanted them to adopt two African children.

Afolabi meets AGDA (P70-74)

According to Tad, what is the law of will?

Unless there is will to change, there will be no change.

What is AGDA's underlying idea?

To mobilize our discontent with Africa, in its present state, into will to change it

What are Doctor Afolabi's view on Way Omega?

That the summit should go with Way Omega. It will put an end to military coups, rigged elections, civil wars or ethnic clashes.

He feels it is a breath of fresh air.

What is the difference between Path Alpha and Way Omega according to Tad Longway?

Whereas Way Omega is top-driven and lacks the will for its implementation, Path Alpha is bottom-lead and has the will.

What is Doctor Afolabi’s prescribed role in AGDA?

To guide four Path Alpha travellers whom AGDA is sending as observers to the summit

Tad Longway does not want Doctor Afolabi to defect from way Omega to Path Alpha. Why?

Afolabi is supposed to serve as Path Alpha's entry point at the summit

Pamela divorces Afolabi (P75-81)

What is the name of Doctor Afolabi and Pamela’s houseboy?

Issa, a Hausa

Who is Femi?

Femi is Doctor Afolabi’s cousin. He is a Yoruba from Kaduna. He has a scary scar on his face.

What is Femi doing in Doctor Afolabi’s house?

He wants Doctor Afolabi to marry a second wife.

He believes Pamela can’t have children of her own.

He thinks she hates children.

He has brought Afolabi a wife to marry.

What is the name of the girl he has brought for Doctor Afolabi to marry?

Nimbo

Doctor Afolabi says Femi is not guilty while Pamela wants him out of her house immediately. Explain why.

Doctor Afolabi explains that people back at home came up with the idea. Femi is only a messenger. Nimbo, the girl to be married, is only what they wanted him to deliver. She too is innocent, according to Doctor Afolabi.

What makes Pamela feel that Doctor Afolabi is part of the Fermi and Nimbo scheme?

He is adamant about throwing them out that night

She thinks he knew about the girl all along

He wants children but she would rather adopt.

His village people sent him a girl to bear all the children he wants

The scheme fits so closely. He must have had a hand in it

What disagreement or standoff makes Pamela to leave the house?

Doctor Afolabi ‘s refusal to throw out Femi because he is his cousin. He suggests that they leave the next day. Pamela leaves.

After how long does Pamela phone Dr. Afolabi to tell him that she had filed for divorce?

A week after the stand-off. She phones him from her father’s home in Boston.

Chapter 6: Security screening (P82-85)

According to comrade Ngobile Melusi, what is the logic behind the security clearance?

Detection: Spotting actual danger at specific points and punishing it there and

Deterrence: Seeing potential crime everywhere and punishing it anywhere

The youthful guard at the summit security screening has an issue with Comrade Melusi's cellophane pouchh. What does it contain?

A needle and some medicine for his diabetes

When did Melusi discover that he had diabetes?

During a medical checkup that AGDA asked him to take while joining Path Alpha

Why does Comrade Melusi insist on taking the needles and medicine inside?

Without the medicine, he couldn’t live a day. Because of diabetes, he cannot regulate the sugar level in his blood. The medicine keeps him alive. The needle is his life: for shooting the medicine into his veins.

What makes the youth change his mind about confiscating Melusi needles?

The litany of bad things that could happen to Melusi if he did not take his medicine: Blindness, kidney failure, foot ulcers, leg amputation etc.

Story of Ngobile Melusi (P85-99)

Where do Comrade Melusi and Tad Longway first meet?

They meet for lunch at Chaminuka Restaurant in downtown Harare

After defeating Smith, what urgent order of business did Zimbabwe have?

A peaceful passage to an elected government. They hurriedly put together a transitional government to oversee this process.

At 1:30 PM, it is expected that the restaurant should have many diners but Melusi and Longway are the only customers. Why?

The economy had crashed and people in Zimbabwe could not afford to eat out anymore, unless someone foreign was footing the bill.

Who was the head of transition government?

The leader of Comrade Melusi's group (P86)

How did Melusi earn the title comrade?

He fought Smith alongside his leader for many years. His leader used to call him comrade.

Which is the largest ethnic group in Zimbabwe?

Shona

What is Comrade Melusi's mother tongue?

What was Zimbabwe’s national motto at independence?

Unity, freedom and work

Why didn’t the new ruler appoint Comrade Melusi minister?

He wanted to strengthen supporters and weaken enemies. The ruler was Shona and when he discovered Melusi was Ndebele, he threw him out as a perceived enemy.

Why was the leader of Comrade Melusi's group thrown out of the government?

A cache of weapons was allegedly found at his home. He was accused of plotting a coup. He is Ndebele, not Shona.

What were the two men having for lunch?

Comrade Melusi had roast chicken with fries while Longway had mashed potatoes and pepper steak. For dessert, they had chocolate cake and a coffee respectively.

Comrade Melusi Ngobile is a hungry man. Give proof.

He looks blacker than usual because of hunger (P87)

He polishes off his roast chicken and French fries (P88)

He helps himself to the mashed potatoes that Mr. Longway rejects (P89)

He relishes chocolate cake for dessert (P92)

Which events follow the dismissal of the Ndebele leader?

Anti government unrests erupts in the South. The Ndebele were angry with the government for humiliating their man

They attacked government supporters

The government retaliates with the 5th brigade as retribution for the protests

What is Gukurahundi ?

The 5 th brigade. Shona for the first years rainstorm that washes chaff off fields so that tiling can start. They ‘wash away' Ndebele insurgents like chaff.

Where was Comrade Melusi's business office?

Downtown Bulawayo, the capital of the Ndebele

What was the name of Melusi's wife?

Ziliza

How did she meet her death?

She was strangled by the ‘Gukurahundi’ and splayed on the kitchen floor

How did the new ruler change after the Ndebele insurgency?

Before, he viewed both the Shona and the Ndebele who fought loyally for independence as allies.

Now, he only trusts his Shona tribesmen and regards the Ndebele as rivals - tribalism. He wants to be a lifelong president.

Where do the two men meet during their second conference?

They meet at Muponda Restaurant at the northern edge of Harare

Why is Zimbabwe’s new ruler referred to as the bomber?

He was bombing the country’s economy back to the Stone Age

What was the name of the opposition group formed by Comrade Ngobile Melusi?

The New Independent Party - NIP

By what percentage did the bomber win the election?

How did the bomber win election when Zimbabwe had been doing badly?

He rigged the results

The opposition was divided. They booed Comrade Melusi when he rallied them to combine efforts to beat the bomber

Each opposition leader wanted to be president

Which of the opposition parties was willing to work with NIP?

RUFF - the Reformed Union of Freedom Fighters

Why did the RUFF leader quit?

Young guns under him discovered that he did not have a university degree so they deemed him useless for lacking ‘a proper education’.

What is Comrade Melusi's next step of action after losing the elections?

Disaffected, he went back into busines

Why did his business do badly ?

Inflation was eroding incomes faster than they could grow

What was ‘ Murambatsivina ?’

It is Shona meaning expelling the trash. Bulldozers came and tore down the slums evicting residents without warning or alternative accommodation. This was done by the government to punish the urban poor for supporting opposition parties.

According to ‘the bomber’, what was ' Murambatsivina's ' real aim?

To prevent disease and curb crime. Disease and crime increased instead.

What had Tad Longway come to discuss with Comrade Melusi?

Mobilizing their discontent with Africa in its present state into will to change it.

Chapter 7: Hierarchy (Breaking the ice) (P100-104)

List the poles of influence that guide political hierarchy.

Population (Nigeria)
Technology (South Africa)
Alliance with one or more of the other poles (Kenya)
Sheer obstinacy (Zimbabwe)
Refusal to abide by rules (Libya)

How old is the Nigerian president?

70 years old

What losses does Professor Kimani experience that could have been prevented by the Kenyan government?

His daughters Tuni's death on the public road

His wife running off with a randy member of parliament

Why does Comrade Melusi hate the president of Zimbabwe intensely?

Zimbabwe’s Fifth Brigade murders hundreds of people including his wife as ordered by the president.

Bulldozers had driven thousands of Zimbabweans out of their homes

After many years of misrule, Zimbabwe was now back in the Stone Age

The followers of the leader of Libya blow up a Pan American World Airlines plane over Scotland, killing 300 people. What are the agreed-on rules required of the leader?

That he surrenders the bomb planters for trial

That he pays compensation to the families of the victims

Why does Engineer Tahir move from the leader's greatest admirer to his foe?

The leader had sold out to the West and become its servant. The leader had abolished Libya’s nuclear weapons program - that's throwing away the country's only insurance against future Western attacks.

Chapter 8: The story of Chiamaka Chineke

Describe Pastor Chiamaka as a driver.

He always drove dangerously, with an elbow sticking out of the window and already blaring out the latest hit song

He cuts into other lanes

He drives against motorists and against the flow of traffic

What is the name of Pastor Chiamaka's younger brother?

Obinna, an evening student at the University of Lagos

Where does Pastor Chiamaka work?

Earth Movers Limited

Which events lead to pastor Chiamaka's turn around and decision to be a preacher?

He escapes a serious accident without serious injuries

He is convinced his mistake had vanished with the fire engine Other motorists do not stop thus disqualifying themselves from testifying against him

How does Pastor Chiamaka acquire his skill of preaching?

He started by nodding to express agreement to points made in church

Shaking hands with preachers who had made the points

Advanced to actual techniques:

Flourishes of speech and rhythms of gesture
Courage to face down a congregation
Authority to lecture a congregation
Audacity to reprimand a congregation
Plunging into the real thing: preaching

What was Pastor Chiamaka's standard opener and his congregations prescribed response?

Pastor: Let us listen to our Maker

Congregation: Let us hear His word

During his sermon “God is watching you!” how much money does he say the imaginary black plastic bag contains?

10 million American dollars

What three options does he give the congregation?

Keep the money and call it good luck

Carry it home for the time being and figure out the smartest thing to do with it later

Hand it over to the police

What is AISHI in full?

The Australian Institute of Studies on Human Inclination

According to AISHI, what is the answer to Pastor Chiamaka’s question concerning the money?

Group One: 20% of all people will pocket the money

Group 2: 50% of the people will carry the money home and think of what to do with it

Group 3: 30% will hand the money over to the police immediately

For how long does Pastor Chiamaka stay in prison?

He shares a rat-infested cell with smelly inmates for two weeks

On which day is he released?

A Monday

Why is this luck limited?

The police banned him from preaching.

After how long does he join AGDA?

Two years

Where did Seif Tahir go to school in Tripoli?

Abdelaziz Academy

What did Tahir study at the University of Paris?

Weapons development: he wants to build real weapons for Libya

What celebrations are taking place when Tahir returns from overseas?

The leader of Libya was celebrating his 20 th year in power

What makes Tahir believe that the leader has the right vision for Libya?

He closed down all foreign military bases in Libya He had nationalized all foreign businesses

Libya had oil discovery discovery/petroleum reserves

The leader had launched a program to make nuclear bombs

He named the program the “Fist of Allah”

What was Engineer Tahir's childhood dreams?

To acquire skills and use them to build real weapons for Libya

Why did the leader of Libya dismantle the feast of Allah

The Al Quaeda had stricken on American soil and he knew America would soon retaliate.

What made Seif Tahir hate the leader of Libya?

He was offended because the leader of Libya had dismantled ‘Fist of Allah’. Seif deemed the dismantling of ‘Fist of Allah' as ‘shirq' or sacrilege, an offence that was eternally unforgivable

How does Seif react when Rahma sweetly declines his tomato soup offer?

He reacts violently. He storms back to his office in a fit of rage, feeling humiliated by a woman who was his junior by many miles. He vows to retaliate.

How does he retaliate?

He slaps her as she is removing her head veil the next morning, readying for her laboratory work that the veil would have impeded.

What happens during the heritage week in Libya?

The leader of Libya had set it aside to give his people time to celebrate their renowned history.

What is Tahir’s excuse for slapping Miss Mahmoud?

To administer discipline on a female subordinate for shedding her head veil in public, in violation of the Libyan culture.

In truth, why did he slap her?

To take revenge for she had rejected his advances.

What does Miss Mahmoud do when she is attacked?

She strikes back using a letter opener which splits the heels left eye open.

How long does Engineer Tahir spend in hospital after the accident?

A month

What is the Hammurabic verdict?

An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. (P122)

Did the vengeance by Engineer Tahir give him peace?

No. In fact, he was even more restless than he had been before.

When his friends tried to talk him out of his gloom, what action does Engineer Tahir take?

He leaves Tripoli and moves to live along in Benghazi.

What were the two reasons for Engineer Tahir's gloom?

The foreign lifeless object he got after losing an eye during (the accident).

The deep and weakening effect after deciding to have an artificial replacement for the eye he had lost (the effect) - imminent sorrow hung about him.

Where do Tahir and Tad Longway meet?

In Benghazi. They talk about the history of Libya.

Chapter 10: The secret agenda (hidden motive)

Describe appearance of the ‘Silent Listener’.

The silent listener is a sleek device, new and shiny, with hints of gold and silver.

How many parts does the silent listener have?

Three

A receiver - auxiliary units on the left. It collects sound transmissions
A dish
A processor - sifts through all transmissions caught by the receiver, saves those it decides, discards the rest.

What has Nick (the VOA youth) found out after analyzing the transmissions that the "silent listener" has gathered?

That something fishy is going on at the summit a secret agenda.

Explain the secret agenda.

People whose identity Nick hasn’t figured out yet are working in a network of five nodes. The nodes represents a person walking alongside others in a group.

The node at the center, the Hub-node, is connected to four other nodes. Identify their full outer nodes.

Professor Kimani, comrade Melusi, Pastor Chiamaka and Engineer Tahir

Where are these nodes physically?

They are at The Seamount Hotel. The five guests lodged at the Seamount as observers in fact have a hidden motive.

Where is the Hub-node?

The Seamount Hotel, second floor, center wing.

What assignment does Fiona have after learning about the secret agenda?

Looking for the guide, the hub node

Telling him about ‘The Trick’ (p32)

What does Fiona learn when she visits Dr. Afolabi in his room?

That Dr. Afolabi is the guide

He is working with Mr. Longway and for others. The group wants the summit to adopt Path Alpha instead of Way Omega.

Path Alpha is not on the summit agenda. Longway and company want Afolabi to put it there

Chapter 11: Chiamaka's failed scheme

What is Chiamaka's failed scheme at the Seamount?

He plans to meet the president face to face and ask him about Way Omega.

It fails since the planned small dinner at the Pinnacle is cancelled, without explanation.

What are the four reasons that bring the four observers to the summit?

They say that Africa has problems whose solutions its present heads of state are simply not up to.

They believe Path Alpha will solve these problems, not Way Omega

They have suffered ugly state abuse they do not want to ever suffer again.

They want to address each of the above but making their heads of state adopt alpha, not Way Omega.

What is ‘The trick’?

The Gambian president declines to honor to chair the summit

The new chair has a ploy up his sleeve the trick:

fail to lead the summit to a consensus and later another head of state proposed that a committee convenes

Committee devices a method to eliminate need for consensus

Create a win-win result for him

Chapter 12: Summit opening (Tiku Zinto)

What does the Gambian president say during the opening of the summit?

He proposes that the summit adopt Way Omega since their task is to adopt a common growth strategy for their people.

Who is the new chair of the summit?

Miniko Menkiti - the president of an important African country

Who is Tiku Zinto?

Minister of development planning in an island country. He served as convener of the committee that previewed Way Omega ahead of the summit.

Which two mistakes does Zinto make while making his presentation?

Claiming the African Union was the catalyst behind the change.

Using a tone of voice that sounded like a lecture while addressing heads of state who didn’t like to be lectured by a subordinate.

How does he conclude his speech?

By begging the heads of state to adopt Way Omega claiming Africa will start developing tomorrow.

What does Thaddeus Longway say about Path Alpha?

He says that it contains concrete action while Way Omega only has good ideas. Way Omega offers you a bird in the bush while Path Alpha pushes that bird into your hands.

How do the others sell Path Alpha?

Pastor Chiamaka prays to God to bless the summit and make it choose Path Alpha.

Professor Kimani tearfully says that teachers deserve respect and only Path Alpha would see that they get it.

Engineer Tahir: Path Alpha will give Africa its own modern weapons.

Doctor Afolabi: Way Omega is big on ideas and Path Alpha is small. Way Omega is weak on the implementation of those ideas and Path Alpha is strong.

The debate

Who speaks fast during the debate?

Didier Bangoura

What confession does he make?

That he has neither read Way Omega nor Path Alpha and declares that he will never read them

Who speaks second during the debate?

President Simba Ibarosa

Who speaks third during the debate?

King Jemba Jemba IV

Who is the 4th speaker during the debate?

President Dibo Dibonso

Who rises on a point of order and demands the chair about the trick?

President Wasi Wasi Wesiga

Mention the members of the method committee.

President Didier Bangoura (chair)

President Simba Ibarosa

President Yamlaza Gamlozi

What is the name of the method for choosing between Way Omega and Path Alpha?

The Choice Matrix

The summit reconvened

The heads of state are both hopeful and fearful during the summit reconvening. Explain.

They hoped the method committee had found a method they could use to choose between Way Omega and Path Alpha

They fear the chair of the committee had not read the documents.

How long did the method committee take to come up with a Choice Matrix?

Half an hour.

What is the name of the young man operating the projector?

Mam Biram .

What does Zinto say about the choice matrix?

He says it is total nonsense.

How long is the adjournment or break after President Bangoura introduces the choice matrix?

15 minutes.

What are the results of the coin tosses

Tail: Path Alpha

Head: accept

How do Professor Kimani, Pastor Chiamaka and Engineer Tahir feel about Path Alpha's victory?

They find their victory therapeutic - a chance that concrete action would be taken to right the wrongs they had each suffered.

What does president Dibonso do when the chair announces that Path Alpha had carried the day?

He dismisses the Choice Matrix as utter rubbish and draws a gun aiming it at the chair.

Please keep the conversation going in the comments section.

15 comments:

This is great,,,,please complete fire questions for the rest of the chapters.

Thank you. It is now (almost) complete.

Good work mwalimu Wekati

Thanks for the feedback.

Great piece of summary mwalimu. Thanks a lot

I appreciate the feedback.

Brilliant!More demystified!

Sure! Thanks for the feedback.

Thanks for the great work you do.

Thanks for the feedback Mike.

This is great bro.. waiting for more

Many thanks for the feedback.

Great Mr Wekati.

Good work sir

Thanks so much. A great job

Tell Wekati something

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Fathers of Nations Study Guide PDF - EasyElimu (4)

Get the Fathers of Nations novel summary guide here on EasyElimu.

The set book Fathers of Nations is written by Paul B.Vitta and published by Oxford University Press .

This guide to Fathers of Nations consists of the following sections:

Fathers on Nations Synopsis and summaries of all the chapters
Characters and characterization in Fathers on Nations
Themes in Fathers on Nations
Fathers on Nations Language and style
Fathers of Nations questions and answers
Sample and practice excerpts and extracts with answers for Fathers on Nations
Essay questions on Fathers on Nations .

You can read these Fathers of Nations notes for free by downloading and registering on the EasyElimu Study App .

Also: On the EasyElimu Study App you can download the Fathers of Nations summary notes PDF

Coming soon: Fathers of Nations movie and Fathers of Nations video by EasyElimu

About the book

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As mentioned before, Fathers of Nations is a novel written by Paul B.Vitta and published by Oxford University Press.

It is the approved set book for the years 2023-2026 that has been approved by KICD.

Before even getting to Fathers of Nations chapter 1 you need to read the foreword. Very interesting and it communicates something fundamental that will be seen throughout the novel: corruption, poverty and poor leadership .

Frequently asked Questions

Are these fathers of nations summary notes pdf.

Yes, you can get these Fathers of Nations guide in PDF.

Any section you want you can get it in PDF format on the EasyElimu website and on the EasyElimu Study App .

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Yes, this EasyElimu Fathers of Nations Study guide has been written by a certified highschool english teacher.

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Why is the book called Fathers of Nations? / What is the meaning of Fathers of Nations?

Because essentially, a president is the Father of nation he leads.

And in the novel Fathers of Nations we have many presidents congregating in the Gambia for the summit hence, Fathers of Nations :).

What is the relevance of the title Fathers of nation?

Universally, the title "Fathers of the Nation" highlights influential figures who play key roles in the establishment, liberation, or unification of a country.

These fathers of nations are highly regarded for their contributions to the nation's history and identity.

Most fathers of nations recognized currently in the world include famous figures like Nelson Mandela in South Africa and Jomo Kenyatta in Kenya.

Most fathers of nations are presidents.

Taking that into account, we can see that the fathers being referred to in the novel, Fathers of Nations , are the presidents of the various countries that attend the summit in the Gambia.

They intend to play a pivotal role in the shaping of Africa by ratifying the document titled Way Omega , whose main ideas are listed here .

What is the summary of Fathers of Nations?

Find the complete summary to all the chapters in Fathers of Nations here .

What is the theme of the Father of Nations?

Fathers of Nations is a somewhat long novel.

As such, it has many themes which you can find on EasyElimu - Themes in Fathers of the Nations

What is the plot of Fathers of Nations set book

(foreword all through to chapter 14).

The general premise of the novel is about a summit meeting that will be held at the Pinnacle Hotel in Banjul, The Gambia.

All African heads of states (fathers of nations) will be in attendance at the meeting to discuss a a document titled ‘ Way Omega .’

However, others (AGDA) have come to disrupt the meeting and introduce their own document ( Path Alpha ) that they believe is way better than Way Omega.

The other document is called ‘Path Alpha’.

What does Way Omega Entail in Fathers of Nations?

Way Omega is a document containing a way to develop Africa.

Way omega was developed and published by twenty Nobel laureates.

A laureate is a person who is honoured with an award for outstanding creative or intellectual achievement.

Africa’s ministers of planning had a look at Way Omega and liked it and now the Summit meeting is being held so that all countries can adopt it as a common development strategy.

It is a common development strategy for Africa whose main ideas are:

Change African politics

One major idea of Way omega is changing the way politics are handled/conducted in Africa (pg.7).

Historically, African presidency have been won through military coups and rigged election.

These are illegal ways that presidents use to gain and keep power.

They are bad because they lead to the disenfranchisement of the people that they want to govern.

Disenfranchisement is taking away a people's right to vote. In essence, way Omega proposes that there be no more foul play when it comes to politics in Africa.

End Africa’s misery

Way Omega is also a development strategy crafted to end Africa’s misery.

Africa has many problems including poverty, disease, ignorance, corruption and impunity (see page 40-41).

The first three according to Mr. Longway were the original problems that the elect leaders after gaining independence promised to eradicate.

The last two are problems created by the breed of leaders that we keep electing into office whereby the politicians are the ones who are the main beneficiaries of the two latter problems that have wrecked and keep wrecking the lives of the normal African.

However, politicians are not the only ones who are corrupt as we have police officers in The Gambia as illustrated in the incident of the Taxi Driver (see page).

Moreover, other problems afflicting Africa include insecurity, apathy and unemployment.

What does Path Alpha Entail in Fathers of Nations?

Path Alpha is a development strategy that AGDA believes is a superior alternative to Way Omega (pg.16).

They hope to slip it in to replace Way Omega with it during the summit.

Many students may find the set book difficult. However, this EasyElimu Guide to Fathers of Nations will help simplify the book and makes it easier for students to understand it so that they can pass their exams.

Sections of the Fathers of Nations Guide by EasyElimu

Foreword and chapter summaries in fathers of nations.

The novel Fathers of nations has 15 chapters in total including the foreword.

This EasyElimu guide offers a summary of all the chapters in the novel Fathers of Nations .

Summary of Fathers of Nations chapter 1 to 14

Characters and characterization in Fathers of Nations

This guide provides an in-depth analysis of all the characters in the novel Fathers of Nations .

If you do not know the characters in the novel or their characterization, you will not be able to get a good grade on any question regarding this book.

This EasyElimu study guide contains character traits in Fathers of Nations

All the characters in Fathers of Nations are:

Note: The ones that are in bold are the main characters in this story by Paul B.Vitta

Themes in Fathers of Nations

Themes are issues that are consistent in a creative work.

They are sub categories or sub topics of the subject matter or the main idea in a work of art.

They constitute the entire message the writer wishes to put across to his or her readers.

Therefore, themes are the messages put across by a writer in a work of art.

There are major and minor themes. Major themes cut across the text and are the main ideas the writer intends to pass to the readers. Minor themes are minor ideas which are still important in the text.

The novel addresses a number of issues including;

Language and style in Fathers of Nations

The language used in literature is different from that used in other disciplines.

Language in literature goes a notch higher because it is not only used originally but also innovatively.

This contributes to aesthetics or beauty in literary texts hence appealing to the readers.

Style on the other hand can simply be defined as the unique manner of doing something.

Just like everybody has a walking style and hair cutting style, playwrights have unique ways which they use to pass their messages to the audience.

There are a number of stylistic devices in the novel Fathers of Nations . This guidebook will enumerate some of these devices inclusing;

Excerpts and extracts with answers in Fathers of Nations

With 15 chapters, Fathers of Nations could have very many excerpts.

Note: 15 includes the foreword section.

With this guide, you can get Fathers of Nations excerpts and answers in pdf format.

Essays in Fathers of Nations

This section contains general Q&As for Fathers of Nations , which you can use to test yourself or get ideas for an essay.

Conclusion

This guide provides a comprehensive analysis of the novel Fathers of Nations which will surely help students get a good grade when it comes to exam questions related to the novel.

Additionally, this guide provides essay questions and answers about all aspects of the novel as shown above and can be downloaded in PDF format from our website .

Moreover, you can access it for free on the EasyElimu Study App .

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Foreword and Chapters Summaries - Fathers of Nations

Characters and characterization - fathers of nations, themes - fathers of nations, styles and stylistic devices - fathers of nations.

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Book Review
Writing & Authorship

BOOK REVIEW: Fathers of Nations

Front cover of Fathers of Nations, a novel by Paul B. Vitta. PHOTO/Courtesy.

Title: Fathers of Nations

Author: Paul B. Vitta

Publisher: Oxford University Press

Year of publication: 2013

Revised edition: 2021

Reviewer: Bonface Otieno

Fathers of Nations is the current compulsory novel studied by current form three and will be first tested next year, 2024, in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE).

I recommend to every teacher, student and literature enthusiast that before you dig into reading book guides, consider reading the text itself in totality.

This review is detailed to make it quick to grab the storyline and major concerns raised in the text, characters, language and style.

However, reading and reading the text with a sense of ownership, confidence, and enthusiasm will enlighten your comprehension of this masterpiece.

About the book title

Fathers of Nations by Paul B. Vitta is a novel about African states, their leadership and development agenda, and factors that hinder their political systems and governance, as well as a way of restructuring their development growth.

The title of this novel is a satire of its contextual usage besides its relevance and aptness.

In most African states, dignitaries like presidents or high office representatives regarded as driving forces behind the establishment of a country, state, or nation are obligatorily branded “fathers of nations”.

This has to do with their role of pushing for the betterness of the people’s welfare, leading their countries, fighting for fundamental freedoms and rights, and streamlining political systems and economic strategies.

They are obliged, as the fathers of their nations.

For instance:

Julius Nyerere is known as the father of Tanzania for his role in the country’s independence movement and his vision for a united African continent.

He led Tanzania to independence from Britain in 1961 and worked to build a socialist society that promoted equality, education, and self-sufficiency.

Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana is considered the father of Ghana for his leadership of the country’s independence movement and his contributions to Pan-Africanism.

He helped lead Ghana to independence from Britain in 1957 and worked to establish a socialist government that promoted economic growth and social justice.

Jomo Kenyatta is known as the father of Kenya for his leadership of the country’s independence movement and his efforts to build a modern, democratic nation.

He helped lead Kenya to independence from Britain in 1963 and served as the country’s first president until his death in 1978.

In the same light, Fathers of Nations can relatively be associated with post-colonial Africa, used to refer to their role in the independence movement as a source of legitimacy and used as paternalist symbolism as a source of continued popularity.

This title is satirical.

Fifty heads of state, herein fathers of the nation, have met at Banjul Gambia.

The agenda of the summit is unclear.

However, it is only knowledgeable that the heads of state are here to approve Way Omega, which will then be a universal economic development strategy if adopted.

The debate is directionless and disorganized. A rival group is determined to override the Way Omega strategy and replace it with its Path Alpha strategy, which they deem suitable for solving African problems.

All the heads of state are clueless, visionless, selfish and corrupt, aspects that corrupt their decision-making and critical review of the two important documents that propose their future development strategy.

Satirically, they have to devise a method to choose between Way Omega and Path Alpha.

Synopsis

The story revolves around the lives of four men from different parts of Africa.

They are Professor Kimani, Comrade Melusi, Engineer Tahir, and Pastor Chiamaka.

All of them have either had ruthless encounters with their governments, injustices imposed on them, or economic jeopardy.

They want African heads of state at the summit to ratify and adopt the document that could transform the continent’s economic structures. They are all checked in at the Seamount Hotel, Banjul, in different wings and floors.

“They don’t know each other except for their guide,” who knows them all. They have suffered initially in different ways under the current political systems in their respective countries.

This is a motivation against their respective governments hence the urge to press for possible changes.

Dr. Afolabi Abiola is abandoned by his American wife Pamela.

Professor Kimani from Kenya has lost his wife, Adiyo Omondi, to Newborn Walomu, a former university colleague who is now a politician.

His daughter Tuni dies in a fatal accident. Pastor Chiamaka is a fierce man who is jailed for his outspokenness against the government.

He is deterred from preaching too. Comrade Ngobile Melusi, once a big-time politician, suffers at the hands of the new head of state, loses his wife Ziliza in a massacre, and his Ndebele people are ruthlessly suppressed and murdered by the head of state’s direct order.

In addition to the four men, Engineer Seif Tahir, a nuclear bomb expert, and Mr. Thaddeus Longway are also dissatisfied with the African leadership.

They are assisted by the VOA journalist Fiona McKenzie and Nicholas Sentinel, who, in one accord, plan to front their agenda contained in a rival document, Path Alpha, against Way Omega before the heads of the summit held in Gambia’s capital of Banjul.

Fifty heads of state invited to Banjul capital of Gambia, are expected to assemble and get accommodation in the Pinnacle Hotel with their entourage.

Their mission is to adopt the Way Omega ideology, which advocates for a common growth strategy of the citizens that will enable the donors to continue supporting the African nations through aid and grants.

The ideology is fronted by Minister Zinto, who claims that the strategy was well thought out by experts.

Most heads of African states seem to be aged and have overstayed in power.

Led by President Didier Bangoura, who is depicted as senior; Dibo Dibonso, who had ruled for forty years; King Jemba Jemba IV, a king for life, and President Wasi Wasi, who has committed all sorts of atrocities, including authoring many coups, many African countries are led by dictators, old leaders, or poor political systems.

Path Alpha, a counter ideology emanating from AGDA (Agency for Governance and Development in Africa), championed by Mr. Tad Longway, finds its way into the summit and is engaged by the heads of state.

From the onset of the story, Mr. Longway mobilizes the lines of Prof. Kimani, Comrade Melusi, Pastor Chiamaka, Dr. Afolabi, and Engineer Tahir to use “the trick” to table the ideology before the summit to counter the Way Omega.

Path Alpha, as a strategy, advocates for minimizing civic or public discounted into the will to change.

This strategy is to solve the problems some present heads of state find difficult to solve.

The advocators of Path Alpha champion the strategy because they want to solve the problems and owing to the fact that they have also suffered the ugly state abuse and do not want to suffer anymore.

The summit comes to a close in an unprecedented way, whence “the fathers of nations” set up a committee to bring the long debate of adopting Way Omega or Path Alpha to a conclusion.

The committee is set and named “Method Committee” and is chaired by President Bangoura.

The president seems to be terribly confused because of senility.

He uses two ways to decide on which strategy to be ratified. The simple Matrix by a toss of a coin and choice matrix.

Ultimately, Dr. Afolabi, Mr. Zinto, and the summit chair confirm as witnesses an exercise that sees the Path Alpha strategy carry the day.

Dennotatively the win of Path Alpha is a sign of victory to the ordinary citizen.

Themes or societal issues

Fathers of Nations is a spellbinding and thought-provoking, satirical novel tackling contemporary issues set in contemporary Africa.

The author uses sarcasm through humor to enlighten the reader on social, economic and political wrongs in the African continent.

African states are still affected by post-independence problems as below.

Poor leadership

African leaders cannot give a sense of direction to their countries.

They are experimenting with various ideologies with which they cannot take positions.

They cannot read or rather have no time to read the development strategy proposals in order to make informed decisions.

The heads of state look dysfunctional, confused, insincere and out of touch.

They mistrust each other and hold on to greed, brutality, oppression and laziness.

Poverty

It is pointed out that African countries are clinging to survival at the international imperialistic networks of control.

They have been captured and imprisoned by meaningless loans from international financial institutions.

Development loans are unrealistically on demand.

Prof. Kimani’s wife leaves for a richer member of parliament, abandoning her husband because he looks poor and miserable.

Kimani is honest and satisfied with his work as a teacher, which does not pay much.

Comrade Melusi cannot foot his bill after eating at Chaminuka restaurant.

African leadership is poor in innovative and creative ideas that would spur economic growth among the African states.

Corruption

Corruption has become a disastrous enemy to African economies.

Wars and organized criminal networks distract the development of some countries.

There is the rigging of elections. Comrade Melusi was dissatisfied with the election results in his country. He strongly believes it was rigged.

The police demand a bribe from the driver of Ms. Fiona McKenzie.

Mr. Tad Longway, in his submission to Dr. Afolabi, says that Africa in its present state is driven by corruption and Impunity.

Other major themes include: Betrayal, the plight of women in society, neocolonialism, suffering, oppression and death, and change or transition. For instance, Path Alpha will be a strategy of change and birth of better African states.

Styles and Language use

Vitta indulges most into styles like: Dialogue, Rhetorical questions, Flashback, Vivid description, Story within a story, Irony, Use of borrowed language/ local dialect, Sarcasm, Similes, and Metaphors, among others, to bring to the book the contemporary concerns highlighted above.

YOU MAY ALSO LIKE: BOOK REVIEW: A Silent Song and Other Stories

These styles also ensure a painting of various personality traits of African leaders and citizens through character and characterization.

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Fathers of Nations summary, analysis, theme, and characters

Fathers of Nations (2013) is a satirical novel set in Africa. The author brings to date all that has gone wrong in Africa. He explores the frustrations that African experience under corrupt leadership. Fathers of Nations summary explains what the novel is about and points at the key themes.

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Fathers of nations setbook characters, fathers of nations novel summary, leadership crisis, about paul b vitta.

Fathers of Nations was written by Paul B. Vitta and printed in 2013 by Oxford University Press East Africa . The highlight of this book is a summit attended at the Gambia by African Heads of State. Its subject is the awakening of Africans to come out from their status quo. Here is the synopsis of Fathers of Nations, theme analysis, and characters.

Here are some of the main characters in the book.

Karanja Kimani : Kimani is a Kenyan, 60 years old is a professor at the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Nairobi.
Comrade Ngobile Melusi : Ngobile is from Zimbabwe and is aged 70 years old.
Pastor Chineke Chiamaka : He is a male Nigerian clergyman based at the Lagos branch of the Church Inside Africa.
Dr. Abiola Afolabi : He is a Nigerian academician and has an American wife.
Engineer Seif Tahir : He is a Libyan formerly employed by Tripoli's Ministry of Defense.

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Fathers of Nations is a satirical novel, and it is set in contemporary Africa. It is a story that brings to the readers all that has gone wrong in Africa, but in a humorous way. The continent is depicted as a valuable place that lacks a sense of direction. The majority of the leaders have made their people voices, rendering them silent as these leaders continuously destroy their livelihoods.

The plot revolves around the lives of four men from different parts of Africa. Amid their various misfortunes, the men get together to try and make a change. They want African heads of state to ratify a document that could transform the continent's economic fortunes.

These four men have suffered under unwieldy political systems in their respective countries. Each bears a grudge against the system and has a reason for wanting it to change. They represent the values of humanity, empathy, and vulnerability.

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Prof Karanja Kimani has lost his wife to a former university colleague and now turned politician. His only daughter dies in a fatal accident in Nairobi. Pastor Chineke, on his part, is a fierce man. His insistence on government accountability earns him days in jail. He is also prohibited from preaching.

Dr. Abiola Afolabi is ditched by his American wife. He advises African heads of state but detests offering theoretical solutions. The last character, Ngobile Melusi, is projected as a failed politician. He finds himself on the wrong side of the political divide after independence. He goes through affliction for being Ndebele when the Shona president undertook to suppress his community.

Analysis of the themes in Fathers of Nations

The symbolism in this book is enough to make you sit back and marvel at how Africans have accepted the status quo. It's an enjoyable read, and above all, it speaks to the frustrations we still experience in Africa under corrupt leadership. Below are the themes in Fathers of Nations.

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Poor leadership is one of the main themes in the novel. African leaders are portrayed as people who cannot give a sense of direction to their countries. Instead, they are shown as flawed human beings who cannot rise to the challenges of their times.

They are people experimenting with various ideological positions originating from different places. In the book, two groups develop two development agendas referred to as Path Alpha and Way Omega.

The book goes ahead to portray how dysfunctional most African countries are. They are readily buy anything from anywhere. Unfortunately, in their hopelessness, the citizens continue to entertain a leadership that is blind to their plights.

The novel also paints a devastating picture of people on a knifes' edge of daily survival. International imperialistic networks of control have captured and imprisoned the continent. African countries are sucked into meaningless loans with international financial institutions.

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These development loans, though luring, have unrealistic demands. As a result, the continent continues to sink into the abyss of poverty.

Paul B Vitta also shares that corruption is endemic in Africa. The vice has disastrous effects on the continent's economies. It also affects the cohesion of communities and social contracts, which are vital pillars of building nations.

Wars and organised criminal networks distract the developments of some countries. The networks control all the political powers and economic opportunities.

The image readers also get of African leaders is that of a coalition of confused and manipulated people. They have suppressed the voices of the civilians, who are mere spectators as leaders destroy their sources of livelihood. The book is a bold portrayal of post-colonial African countries.

It is a continent where the most learned are impoverished because society doesn't value knowledge. Instead, it cherishes ignorance.

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Who is Paul B Vitta? He is the author of Fathers of Nations. Vitta was born in Tanzania and received his Ph.D. in physics from Emory University of Dar es Salaam. He worked briefly for the African Regional Center for Technology in Senegal.

Later, he moved to the International Development Research Center in Canada. He also served as a Director of UNESCO'S Regional Office for Science and Technology in Africa before retiring.

Fathers of Nations summary and analysis above will undoubtedly give you a reason to read the book. As an African living in the continent, you will notice that the book captures everything you have seen. The book reminds you that some of the plights are of your own making because of the kind of leaders you elect.

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In a society full of gender, sexual, and religious discrimination are a reality, women need something to keep them focused. Appropriate books inspire young black women to work towards their goals. It will highlight that colour or gender has nothing to do with their potential.

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Fathers of Nations Chapter Six Summaries and Analysis (Episodic Approach)

Chapter six episode 19: the essence of security clearance summary pages 82–85.

The episode begins with a description of the day the summit was opened: the weather is hot, and comrade Melusi is in line waiting to be cleared. Before his time, he appears engrossed in thoughts about security clearance and concludes that they are meant to not only detect but also deter and punish potential criminals everywhere.

A poster Written Fathers of Nations Episodic Approach

https://www.sembanotes.com/2023/06/how-to-write-good-minutes-report.html

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Finally, after an x-ray machine scan, the young security officer sees a needle in his briefcase. He informs the young officer that the needle is for his diabetic medication. We learn that Comrade Melusi was diagnosed with diabetes during a medical check-up that AGDA required of him after joining Patha Alpha.

The young security officer maintains his position and emphasises that he will not allow Comrade Melusi to enter the summit with the needle because it is dangerous. Comrade Melusi informs the young officer that thirty percent of one hundred people aged 70–75 are diabetic, meaning they are unable to regulate the sugar level in their blood, which kills most of them. The survivors are kept alive by the medicine. He argues that he cannot live without his cellophane pouch.

The young officer still refuses to allow him to take the needle in the peak, even suggesting that Comrade Melusi leave it with him and return for his shot when the time comes. Comrade Melusi persists in entering with his medicine pouch, and the young officer threatens to summon the guards to take care of him in the best way they know how.

Comrade Melusi claims that abandoning his medication pouch forces him to climb a steep mountain, which results in blindness, kidney failure, foot ulcers, leg amputation, and other serious consequences. With this, the officer has faith in Comrade Melusi and allows him to enter the summit.

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Stylistic Device

The episode describes events that occurred on the day the summit formally opened in Banjul, Gambia, with fifty heads of state as its main participants. A vivid description of the day is presented, which is reported to be scorching due to the sun and the Atlantic Ocean. '... the sun, very; and the Atlantic Ocean, not far away... when it came.’ Page 82. Both the sun and the Atlantic Ocean are personified in this illustration, and they are supposed to set the tempo. Personification as a style is also evident when Comrade Melusi ponders the logic behind the security clearance. Time has been personified and is supposed to have been murdered here. ‘To kill time, he was reflecting... page 82

There is also the usage of a figure of speech in which it is claimed to be a picture of tranquilly, which is a metaphor . On the other hand, rhetorical questions arise when Comrade Melusi inquiries about security clearance. ‘ What was the big idea here: to detect or to deter? Page 82 .

We learn through flashback that comrade Melusi found out he was diabetic during a medical check-up requested by AGDA while he was joining Path Alpha. When we learn that Comrade Melusi's interest in reading diabetes leaflets is compared to the interest with which first-time vehicle purchasers read user manuals, we see the use of contrast. The young officer's chat with Comrade Melusi at the security checkpoint also involves dialogue . There is also the use of direct address, which is defined as a discussion between two or more persons; however, direct address requires the exact words of the speakers, whereas dialogue can be paraphrased.

The Episode's Thematic Concerns

The exchange between comrade Melusi and the young security officer, on the other hand, emphasises the topic of security . ‘ So, security was at its tightest.’ Page 82.

The episode also highlights the predicament of diabetes patients, shedding light on the pain and suffering these people undergo. Comrade Melusi informs the young security officer that 30% of people aged 70–75 are diabetic and hence unable to regulate their sugar levels, which kills the majority of them. ’ … you forcing me to climb up a steep mountain of risk here. It ends in blindness, kidney failure, foot ulcers, leg amputation, and many other bad things like that.’ Page 85.

Characterization

Comrade Melusi is presented as informed or educated in this episode; after learning about his diabetic condition, he read extensively about it. ‘This attitude had paid off because he was now an authority on diabetes.’ Page 83. In this story, he also comes across as persuasive when he ultimately convinces the young security officer to let him attend the summit with a needle and a cellophane medicine pouch. He is also steadfast or firm; ‘Comrade Melusi decided to get firm.’ Page 85.

The youthful security officer, on the other hand, is portrayed as unconcerned. ‘The youth yawned, making even more obvious his indifference to what he had just heard.’ Page 83. The youthful security officer is also trusting of Comrade Melusi. ‘The more I look at you, I see somebody I can trust.’ Page 85.

Characters' Roles in the Episode

The role of Comrade Melusi is to develop the theme of the plight of diabetic patients, as illustrated above, while the young security officer develops the theme of security. Both contribute to the development of the other's personality features.

Episode 20: The Origins of Comrade Melusi Summary Pages 85–92

The episode describes Comrade Melusi and Mr. Tad Longway eating lunch at Chaminuka Restaurant in Harare, Zimbabwe's capital. This was before Comrade Melusi earned the moniker comrade from the head of his group, with whom they fought the colonisers in Zimbabwe. As they enjoy their lunch, Comrade Melusi notices that people can no longer afford to eat at the restaurant because the Zimbabwean economy has crumbled. Mr. Tad Longway, AGDA's Director of Special Projects, apparently invited Comrade Melusi out for lunch because he wanted to recruit him to team Alpha, but he delayed asking him to enlist because Comrade Melusi was giving details about what had occurred to him and Zimbabwe after they gained independence. We notice that the group's commander became the new government leader. And the government was constituted quickly, but Comrade Melusi was betrayed by his companion in the struggle, who is now the leader of the state. Since they struggled for independence together, the new ruler did not pick Comrade Melusi as a minister as anticipated. We observed that the new boss had completely different ideas. He was increasing his fans while simultaneously weakening his opponents. We find that the new leader saw everybody who was not from his tribe as an enemy and an opponent to be defeated, which explains why Comrade Melusi was not selected as a minister as he expected because he was a Ndebele and the new leader was a Shona. This new leader did not remain in charge of the government for long. A stash of weaponry was discovered at his residence, indicating that he was planning a coup, and he was ousted. When word of his departure as government leader reached his hometown of Southern Zimbabwe, where the Ndebele tribe lives, anti-government protests erupted. The Ndebele, enraged by their man's humiliation, went on a rampage, attacking any government supporter in their path. The government took revenge on them. A branch of the army known as the Gukurahundi, which represents in Shona the first downpour of the year, washing chaff off the field so that soil tilling can begin. The Ndebele militants were washed away like chaff. We find that comrade Melusi's wife, Ziliza, perished in this manner, strangled in their kitchen. Comrade Melusi arrived home from work in Bulawayo, where he runs a company, to discover her dead. After the Ndebele insurgency, the new leader changed. He could not trust the people he had once viewed as allies, not only his fellow Shona tribalists but also Ndebele tribesmen who had fought for Zimbabwe's independence. He now solely trusted his Shona tribesmen, and the Ndebele tribesmen became rivals and opponents to be killed. Mr. Tad Longway suggests they end their discussion there and continue the subject the next day.

The episode uses flashbacks to reveal more information about comrade Melusi prior to joining AGDA as a Path Alpha follower.

Thematic Concern

The dominant theme is betrayal ; we encounter instances of betrayal coming out through comrade Melusi, who is betrayed by the leader of his group after fighting alongside him against the colonisers: ‘The new ruler did not appoint you minister.’ Page 87.

Also, there are examples of treachery when the new ruler, a Shona, discovers that Comrade Melusi is a Ndebele, thus thinking him an opponent, presuming him guilty, and kicking him out of his government, which is an example of betrayal.

The subject of nepotism is also there; we learn that the new ruler changed following the Ndebele insurrection. The man, who had previously considered the Ndebele as allies as well as his Shona tribesmen, now exclusively trusted his Shona tribesmen. All Ndebele tribesmen were turned into rivals and foes to be eliminated.

The notion of change is also present in the episode, as comrade Melusi observes that it is around 1:30 p.m. and the restraint is empty. People in Zimbabwe no longer eat out. Because of bad leadership , their economy had crumbled. ‘How the new ruler changed after the Ndembele insurgency!’ page 91. Another problem presented in the episode is the government's use of Gukurahundi to deal with Ndebele militants, which resulted in Comrade Melusi's wife Ziliza's death.

Stylistic Devices

The author employs a variety of literary devices to convey his message, including personification, a figure of speech that involves imbuing non-human objects with human characteristics. ' Banjul would soon lie firmly on their trajectory.' Page 86. Banjul, Gambia's capital city, is personified here by being stated to be lying solidly. ‘Hunger does have a dark side.’ Page 87. You know, just to see if it is as creamy and yummy as their menu brags it is.’’ Page 89. Both hunger and the menu are personified in these circumstances. The Chaminuka Restaurant is also said to have the sorrowful appearance of a funeral parlour. Page 89. Finally, slaughter is deemed to have run its course. Page 91.

Symbolism is employed. Comrade Melusi and his comrades fought against the colonisers, who are referred to as 'Smith' in the text. ‘ After defeating Smith,’ page 86. Gukurahundi also represents the army that the new commander will use to deal with the Ndebele insurgents.

The writer employs instances of repetition , a style employed to emphasise a repeating point or notion. 'No, no, no. page 86, ‘Well, well... page 87 .

There is also the usage of local dialect in the text to provide local flavour, originality, realism, and to imply setting. Local dialects employed to spice the text include 'Simudzai mureza weZimbabwe, 'Kalibususwe ilizwe leZimbabwe, page 87, and Gukurahundi .

Rhetorical questions are also employed: ‘ Unity, Freedom, and Work. But what unity, what freedom, and what work? Page 87. The questions are intended to elicit thought from the reader for them to comprehend the meaning of the book.

The episode also has a vivid description , which aids the reader in better understanding the meaning of the text. ‘He was toying with his food. Having tried stabbing his pepper steak with a knife in search of flaws, then flipping it over on its other side to search for more, now, with a fork for a pen, he was drawing lines in his mashed potatoes, smoothing the figures out, and then drawing them again.’ Page 87.

Character Role in the Text

Comrade Melusi and Mr. Tad Longway are employed in the episode to develop each other's character attributes as well as the thematic concerns discussed above.

Episode 21: Settling Political Scores Summary Page 92-99

The events of this episode take place at Muponda Restaurant, which is located on the outskirts of Harare. Comrade Melusi invited Mr. Tad Longway to Mupanda Restaurant, which claimed to be the mother of Zimbabwe's traditional cuisine, since he wanted to experience traditional food. After they had given their orders, Comrade Melusi resumed where he had left off. He claims that he was naive because he chose to aggravate the 'bomber,' which represents Zimbabwe's ruler, who was blasting the country's economy back to the Stone Age. Comrade Melusi irritated the new ruler by founding an opposition group called 'the New Independent Party' and running for the country's highest office, the presidency. The new leader, the bomber, won the elections with 99% of the vote, while the opposition received only 1% of the vote. Comrade Melusi claims that he expected them to lose but did not expect them to lose so heavily. Comrade Melusi believes that things could have turned out differently if they had been able to band together as the opposition and fight the new ruler as a unit. The attempted collaboration by comrade Melusi and the leader of the Reformed Union of Freedom Fighters, who later did not compete as a result of a lack of a university degree, brought no fruit, and each party went it alone in the end. After losing the polls, the opponents came together in about a half-hour and declared the elections a fraud, with charges of rigging filling the air. At the same time, Comrade Melusi observes that defeating the ruler would have been simple because the odds were stacked against him, with the country—Zimbabwe—facing the worst drought in history, to the point where the sitting president called it a national disaster. The international community had also imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe's SAP (Structured Adjustment Programme), which intended to restructure the country's economy but failed. Comrade Melusi returned to business, and due to inflation, which was eroding his earnings faster than they could expand, he chose to relocate to a slum in Harare's poor suburbs since he couldn't afford to pay rent in the clean suburbs. Comrade Melusi revealed bad leadership when he talked about bulldozers that were sent to slums to evict families by pulling down their homes without providing early notice or alternative lodging. There is also the ‘Murambatsvina, which in Shona means expelling the trash. This occurred under the pretence of simulating diseases and reducing crime. Comrade Melusi observes that it was a government effort to punish the urban poor for voting for opposition parties in the just-finished elections—a political witch hunt. Mr. Tad Longway feels sorry for Comrade Melusi and, at the end of the episode, hands him a stack of American cash, which he joyfully takes. A Path Alpha whitepaper designed to mobilise people's dissatisfaction with Africa in its current status into a desire to change it He then asks Comrade Melusi whether he wants to join the project, and he agrees and joins AGDA.

Using flashbacks, the episode continues to reveal details about Comrade Melusi's past life before joining Path Alpha.

Thematic Analysis

The African politicians are satirised as Zimbabwe's leader constructs the image of poor leadership ; in the episode, he is referred to as the bomber since he was blasting the country's economy back to the Stone Age. Africans' misery is further highlighted when African leaders are represented as self-serving—they solely serve their personal interests and aspirations. The opposition leaders, for example, are portrayed as lacking unity—they do not have the people's or country's interests at heart—because everyone is focused on their personal objectives rather than the country or its residents, who are suffering and looking up to them to initiate change. Furthermore, the fact that elections in Africa do not produce the desired results reinforces the notion that they are only a formality marred by rigging and labelled as a sham. The subject of sorrow and suffering is also present when Comrade Melusi tells Mr. Tad Longway about his struggles to make ends meet, including opposition from the government, the destruction of his home, the murder of his wife, Ziliza, and inflation. ‘Inflation was eroding incomes faster than they could grow. But I survived. I didn’t live and work in as clean a suburb as I did before. I just could not afford the rent there anymore. No, I had relocated to a slum in a poor part of Harare. But, hey, I was alive. He laughed falsely. Sorrow was in his eyes. ‘Then there came Murambatsvina, Page 97 . All of this was done in order to settle old political scores.

Characterization

When Mr. Tad presents Comrade Melusi with a stack of American money, the author paints him as benevolent . ' He reached into a side pocket for another stack of American dollars this time and handed it to him.’ Page 98.

Comrade Melusi, on the other hand, is grateful and thankful for Mr. Tad's generosity. ‘Thank you, Mr. Longway.’ Page 99.

The new president of Zimbabwe, dubbed the 'bomber' in the text, is spiteful, going so far as to punish anyone who supported the opposition. ‘Its true aim was to punish us, the urban poor, for supporting opposition parties.’ Page 98.

On the other hand, the opposition leaders are portrayed as self-serving because, rather than banding together to confront a shared adversary, everyone prefers to go it alone, resulting in an easy electoral defeat. ‘I begged them to lay personal ambitions aside and combine our effort and then fight the bomber together. They booed me.’ Page 96.

Literary Devices

In this episode, there is use of dialogue; Mr. Tad and Comrade Melusi are having a conversation about Comrade Melusi's prior life and Zimbabwe after independence.

Direct speech is a style with a similar definition to dialogue, but when illustrating it, the exact words of the people involved in the conversation must be presented in quotation marks.

Repetition is also used stylistically to emphasise or bring attention to a point addressed in the text. ‘Looking good, looking good, ‘page 95.

The episode also makes use of vivid descriptions. ‘Comrade Melusi was working on his sadza, licking his fingers and smacking his lips from time to time.’ Page 96. This technique helps the reader realise Comrade's terrible living; he is described literarily eating like a poor person—it emphasises poverty.

Local dialect is employed in literary texts to add flavour, imply setting, and offer authenticity and originality to the supplied piece. Words like 'sadza', 'page 97,' and 'Murambatsvina' are all examples of local direct.

Situational irony occurs in the episode where the Murambatsvina true goal is to prevent diseases and reduce crime, but in the end, diseases and crime increase as a result of individuals being made homeless and their source of income being destroyed. This also satirises Africa's terrible leadership.

There is use of personification when Comrade Melusi states that ‘Murambatsvina chewed me up then spat me out.’ Page 98. Murambatsvina is symbolised in this scene by his capacity to chew and spat.

Role of Characters in the Episode

Comrade Melusi, the opposition leaders, and Mr. Tad are used in this episode to build on poor leadership, misery and suffering, poverty, and each other's character attributes, as illustrated above.

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Stylistic Device

The Episode's Thematic Concerns

Characterization

Episode 20: The Origins of Comrade Melusi Summary Pages 85–92

Thematic Concern

Stylistic Devices

Character Role in the Text

Episode 21: Settling Political Scores Summary Page 92-99

Thematic Analysis

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