essay on robot for class 3

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Essay On Robot – 10 Lines, Short and Long Essay

Key Points to Remember When Writing an Essay On Robot

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In a constantly evolving world, technology has been at the forefront of every individual’s daily life. Advancement after advancement has moulded, transformed, and developed technology to make our lives easier and expose us to endless possibilities. It is the perfect amalgamation of nature and science. In this technological era, robots have become integral to our lives, shaping how we work, play, and imagine the future. 

This essay on robots in English delves deep into the world of these mechanical marvels, offering insights suitable for readers of all ages, especially the essay for kids, developed for minds curious about the science and magic behind these machines. Essay writing is a valuable skill for students, and this article helps young learners enhance their vocabulary, improve their essay writing skills, and learn to organise and communicate their thoughts better.

Understanding the nuances and intricacies of robots is essential when writing an essay on robots. These mechanical entities are not just products of science fiction; they’re a part of our modern reality. Here are some essential pointers to keep in mind:

• Research is Crucial: Before starting your essay, ensure you’ve conducted thorough research. Whether it’s their history, functionality, or potential future impact, a well-informed perspective will always stand out.
• Distinguish between Types: Not all robots are created equal. Some are simple tools, while others have complex AI integrations. Clarify whether you’re talking about basic programmable machines, humanoid robots, or AI-driven entities.
• Real-world Examples: Using real-world examples can make your essay more relatable and engaging. To illustrate your points, mention popular robots like Roomba (the cleaning robot) ( 1 ) or Sophia (the humanoid robot) ( 2 ).
• Address Ethical Concerns: The world of robotics is not without controversies. It’s crucial to address the ethical implications, like potential job losses or the moral ramifications of creating sentient machines ( 3 ).
• Highlight Benefits and Challenges: Robots offer numerous advantages, from efficiency to accuracy. However, they also have challenges, like maintenance and potential malfunctions. Ensure your essay provides a balanced view ( 4 ).
• Stay Updated: The field of robotics is ever-evolving. Always ensure your information is up-to-date to keep your essay relevant and accurate.
• Engage the Reader: Remember, your essay should be informative and engaging. Use anecdotes, questions, or interesting facts to keep your readers hooked ( 5 ).

Robots are fascinating machines that have intrigued and assisted humans for many years. As we delve into the world of automation, robots play a pivotal role in reshaping our future. Here’s a simple essay for class 1 students to understand more about robots.

• A robot is a machine that can do tasks automatically or with guidance.
• Robots, or humanoid robots, can look like humans or have other shapes.
• They are used in factories to do repetitive tasks quickly.
• Some robots can even speak, dance, and respond to commands.
• Robots are often used in places that are dangerous for humans, like space or deep under the sea.
• They are powered by batteries or electricity and are controlled by computer programs.
• Scientists are continuously working to make robots smarter.
• Robots are also used in hospitals to assist doctors in surgeries.
• They can be large, like car-making robots, or very small, like nanobots used in medicine.
• Robots will become an even more significant part of our lives as technology improves.

Robots have seamlessly integrated into various aspects of human society, altering our perception of what’s possible and pushing the boundaries of innovation. Whether assisting in medical surgeries or entertaining us with dance routines, their influence is undeniably widespread. Here’s a concise look into the realm of these mechanical wonders:

Robots represent both an artistic marvel and a technological breakthrough in the mosaic of human advancement. These programmable machines, designed to perform tasks with precision and efficiency, are a testament to human ingenuity and our relentless pursuit of progress. As robots continue to evolve, they are symbolic of cutting-edge technology and harbingers of a future where humans and machines coexist in harmony, collaborating to achieve shared objectives. The dance between humanity’s creative spirit and its mechanical offspring promises an exciting, albeit challenging, future ahead.

The world of robots is vast, intriguing, and reflective of human ambition. As our capabilities expand, so does our desire to create machines that can emulate, if not surpass, our abilities. This short essay on robots aims to glimpse this fascinating intersection of science, technology, and imagination.

Once a mere figment of imaginative literature, robots now stand at the forefront of technological revolutions. They are no longer just tools in assembly lines but have ventured into our homes, hospitals, and even the skies above. As helpers, they vacuum our floors, assist surgeons in performing delicate operations, and explore realms beyond human reach, like the depths of oceans and the vastness of space. But beyond their functional roles, robots challenge our understanding of consciousness, ethics, and the very essence of life. The rapid advances in artificial intelligence only augment these challenges, propelling robots closer to emulating human-like thought processes. As they evolve, we must navigate the complexities they introduce to our lives ethically and practically. In essence, the journey of robots is not just about technological feats; it’s a mirror reflecting humanity’s aspirations, dilemmas, and, potentially, its future.

The universe of robots is as enthralling as it is vast. Robots are not just characters in our favourite sci-fi movies; they are around us, making our lives more manageable and efficient. Aimed primarily at young minds, this essay encapsulates the essence of these incredible machines. Perfect as a ‘My robot essay for class 3,’ this write-up promises to be informative and engaging.

What is a Robot?

A robot is designed to execute one or more tasks with speed and precision automatically. It can be guided by an external control device or a pre-defined program, and some even use artificial intelligence to make decisions. Robots come in various shapes, sizes, and functionalities, from toy robots that you might play with to high-tech ones that manufacture cars in factories.

Advantages Of Robot

Robots have revolutionised many sectors of our society. Here are some of the benefits they offer:

1. Efficiency: Robots can work tirelessly 24/7 without getting exhausted, ensuring continuous production or service.

2. Precision: Robots are impeccable in tasks that require exact measurements, such as surgeries or assembling tiny components.

3. Hazardous Tasks: Robots can be deployed in dangerous environments like deep-sea exploration or bomb defusal, reducing human risk.

4. Cost-Efficient: Over time, robots can be more cost-effective as they don’t require benefits, pensions, or sick days.

5. Space Exploration: Robots like Mars Rovers can explore other planets , providing valuable information without risking human lives.

6. Repetitive Tasks: Robots can easily handle monotonous jobs, freeing up humans for more creative endeavours.

Disadvantages Of Robot

Despite their benefits, robots also come with some challenges:

1. Job Displacement: As robots take over specific industries, there is a risk of job losses for humans.

2. High Initial Cost: A robot’s initial setup and programming can be expensive.

3. Dependency: Over-reliance on robots might reduce human skill sets and innovation.

4. Maintenance: Robots require regular upkeep, and malfunctions can halt production.

5. Lack of Emotion: Robots don’t possess emotions, which can be a disadvantage in professions needing human empathy.

6. Ethical Concerns: The development of AI in robots poses ethical questions regarding consciousness, rights, and control.

The captivating world of robots is filled with wonders, surprises, and intriguing tidbits. Here are some fun and interesting facts for young minds eager to uncover the mysteries of these amazing machines. Let’s dive into the robot universe and explore things you might not have known!

1. First Robot Toy: The first robot toy, ‘Robby the Robot,’ was made in 1956. A robot character inspired it in a movie!

2. Fish Robots: There are robots shaped like fish, called robotic fish, that swim in water and help scientists study marine life.

3. Mars Exploration: Mars Rovers, like Curiosity and Perseverance, are robots that roam the surface of Mars and send valuable data back to Earth.

4. Robot Olympics: Yes, you heard that right! There’s a competition called RoboGames where robots compete in over 50 different events, including soccer and sumo wrestling.

5. Tiniest Robot: The world’s smallest robot is just a little bigger than the size of a speck of dust. Scientists hope it can be used for medical purposes inside the human body.

6. Robot Artists: Some robots are designed to draw and paint, creating wonderful pieces of art.

7. Language Learning: Honda’s robot ASIMO can understand multiple languages, making it multilingual.

8. Robotic Pets: In some parts of the world, people have robotic dogs or cats as pets. These robots can mimic the behaviour of real animals without needing food or walks!

From the ‘Robots in Our Life’ essay, your child will gain a foundational understanding of the role and significance of robots in today’s world. Tailored even for the youngest readers, like those exploring ‘My robot essays for class 1,’ the essay will spark curiosity , enhance vocabulary , and provide insights into the technological marvels shaping their future.

1. Can Robots Replace Human Intelligence?

While robots can emulate specific aspects of human intelligence and excel in certain tasks, they currently cannot replicate human cognition’s emotional and holistic complexity.

2. Who Is The Inventor Of Robot?

George Devol created the first modern robot, ‘Unimate,’ in 1954, marking the onset of industrial robotics.

3. What Is The Full Form Of Robot?

The word ‘robot’ doesn’t have a full form; it comes from the Czech word ‘robota,’ which means ‘forced labour.’

4. Who Is The First Human Robot?

Regarding humanoid design, ‘Elektro’ was introduced in 1939 at the New York World’s Fair, but for advanced humanoid robots with AI capabilities, Honda’s ‘ASIMO’ from 2000 is a notable example.

Robots continue to shape our world in myriad ways with their evolving capabilities and roles, from industrial applications to companionship. As we march towards a more technologically advanced future, we must understand and adapt to the symbiotic relationship we share with these mechanical marvels.

References:

1. Jones, J.L.; Robots at the tipping point: the road to iRobot Roomba; EEE Robotics & Automation Magazine; https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1598056; March 2006

2. Retto, J.; Sophia, first citizen robot of the world; ResearchGate; https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jesus-Retto/publication/321319964_SOPHIA_FIRST_CITIZEN_ROBOT_OF_THE_WORLD/links/5a1c8aa2a6fdcc0af3265a44/SOPHIA-FIRST-CITIZEN-ROBOT-OF-THE-WORLD.pdf

3. Torresen, J.; A review of future and ethical perspectives of robotics and AI; Frontiers in Robotics and AI; https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2017.00075/full

4. Soffar, H.; Advantages and disadvantages of using robots in our life; Online Sciences; https://www.online-sciences.com/robotics/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-using-robots-in-our-life/; May 2016

5. Hyland, K.; Representing readers in writing: Student and expert practices; Linguistics and Education; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0898589806000404; 2005

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curriculum for educators everywhere!

Find more at TeachEngineering.org .

• TeachEngineering
• What Is a Robot?

Lesson What Is a Robot?

Grade Level: 5 (4-7)

Time Required: 45 minutes

Lesson Dependency: None

Subject Areas: Science and Technology

NGSS Performance Expectations:

• Print lesson and its associated curriculum

Curriculum in this Unit Units serve as guides to a particular content or subject area. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). Note that not all lessons and activities will exist under a unit, and instead may exist as "standalone" curriculum.

• Understanding Communication with a Robot
• NXT Ball Shooter
• Understanding Movement in Humans and Robots
• Movement Task Using Sensors - Humans and Robots

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Engineering connection, learning objectives, worksheets and attachments, introduction/motivation, associated activities, lesson closure, additional multimedia support, user comments & tips.

Engineers have used robots to create many technologies that students see every day, a number of which are shown in the lesson's PowerPoint presentation. In the activity, students are asked to design a program to solve a problem as if they are engineers. To conclude, students are asked to think creatively about ways they could use robots to solve problems. Through this lesson and activity, students build a basic understanding of robotics through looking at how engineers have used them.

After this lesson, students should be able to:

• Define what a robot is.
• Describe the main components of a robot.
• Explain how the LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 robot can be programmed to move.
• Explain how engineers apply robotics to solve real-world problems.

Educational Standards Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) educational standards. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN) , a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). In the ASN, standards are hierarchically structured: first by source; e.g. , by state; within source by type; e.g. , science or mathematics; within type by subtype, then by grade, etc .

Ngss: next generation science standards - science, international technology and engineering educators association - technology.

View aligned curriculum

Do you agree with this alignment? Thanks for your feedback!

State Standards

Missouri - science.

The What Is a Robot? Presentation PowerPoint file provides the content material for this lesson. Refer to the text in the Lesson Background section to for how to introduce the material, slide by slide.

The lesson PowerPoint presentation provides great examples and is designed to provide a basic introduction to robotics prior to programming the LEGO MINDSTORMS EV3 systems. This lesson also introduces the basic characteristics found in all robots, including sensors, inputs, processing and outputs, using the LEGO robot as an example.

To bring it all together, the associate activity introduces the concept of how precise commands to a robot need to be in order to make sure the robot does exactly what is expected of it.

Lesson Background and Concepts for Teachers

Use the What Is a Robot? Presentation (PowerPoint slides) to teach the lesson. Another set of PowerPoint slides that is attached to the associated activity, " Activity: Understanding Communications with a Robot ," is for the second day of this combined lesson and activity. Use the guidance below for what to expect in each slide and how to use it to teach the lesson and activity. In advance, make copies of the pre/post assessment sheets.

What is a Robot? (Slides 1-16 of Lesson Presentation)

• Tell the students: What is a robot? Today we will be talking about robots and learning how to work with robots.
• Hand out copies of the pre-assessment sheet (slide 2). Give students five minutes to fill them out. The answers are on slide 3.
• Use slides 4-5 to clear popular culture-driven misconceptions about what robots are and what they do. Then, define what a robot is using slide 6. Emphasize how engineers have used robots to make our lives easier with the examples given in the slide including automatic doors, industrial robots, and automatic car washes. Depending on time, show a couple of videos from those listed on slide 7.
• Introduce the LEGO EV3 with slide 8 and let students know that the name of the particular robot that they will be working with is called the "taskbot," which is shown on the slide.
• Introduce the first main component of robots, the computer, using slides 9-10. Before moving on, make sure students understand that when you refer to a computer, you are not talking about a desktop computer! Instead, you are talking about a small computer chip, such as is found in anything with a digital screen (digital clock, digital thermostat, digital microwave, etc.) as well as in cars, video game consoles, and even inside a desktop computer! The chip inside a desktop "computer" is actually the real computer. This is also known as the processor.
• With slide 11, introduce the computer "intelligent brick" of the LEGO EV3 robot. The main purpose of this slide is to get them familiar with the term "EV3 computer brick."
• WIth slide 12, introduce the second important component of a robot: inputs. Continue with the example of a desktop computer, this time talking about the mouse and keyboard as inputs.
• With slide 13, introduce the inputs of the EV3. The EV3 has four input ports at the bottom of the computer brick. A variety of sensors can be used as inputs to the EV3 brick. The standard EV3 kit comes with a touch sensor, a color sensor, an ultrasonic sensor and a rotation sensor. Additional and more advanced sensors are also available.
• With slide 14, introduce the third component of a robot: outputs. Use a personal computer monitor as another example. Again, make sure students understand that the actual computer is a small chip that sends output to the monitor. Another example is a robot motor. The computer chip of a robot sends its output to the motors of the robot.
• Looking at slide 15, talk about the outputs of the  computer brick. The output ports are located at the top of the brick and they send output signals to motors or the EV3 lamp.
• Slide 16 is a summary of the lesson content. Review the basic components of robots to make sure students have a grasp of the material before conducting the associated activity.
• Understanding Communication with a Robot - Student teams act out robot instructions and then program a LEGO EV3 taskbot to go through a simple maze. Through the human and robot examples, students see that a robot's computer simply follows instructions as given, thus one must be logical and precise with programming instruction. They also see how robot sensors are used to perform movement tasks.

(Use this closure at lesson end or after completion of the associated activity. The goal is to verify that students understand the three main robot components: computer, inputs and outputs. Use a real-world engineering example to ask students to think about these components, such as the example below, an automatic door at a grocery store.)

An automatic door at a grocery store is an everyday example of a robot that engineers have designed to make our lives easier. What are some ways the automatic door makes peoples' lives easier? (Possible answers: A person carrying many bags does not have to put down the bags to open the door. More people can go through the door more quickly. A person in a wheelchair can enter/exit more easily. An employee can push in a long line of carts without having to hold the door.)

What are three things that an automatic door would need to have in order to be a robot? (Answer: Output, computer and input.)

Let's see if it has those three things. What is the output of the automatic door? (Answer: A motor makes the door open.)

What does the computer do? (Answer: It takes in an input that tells it a person is approaching the door, and when it receives this input, it opens the door.)

Now, I want you to think like an engineer. Let's look at the sensors we have with the EV3 robot and think about how we could use each one to sense a person approaching the door so the computer knows to open it.

Touch sensor : How might you use a touch sensor to let the computer know a person is approaching the door? (Answer: You could put a touch sensor on the ground to walk on. Or make a wall button like the handicap buttons often placed on nearby walls.)]

Color sensor : How would you use a color sensor? (Answer: You could direct a beam of light across the path to the door pointed at the sensor. When somebody walks through the beam, the color sensor would sense that the beam was broken and open the door.)

Ultrasonic sensor : What does the ultrasonic sensor do? (Answer: It sends out high-frequency sounds that you cannot hear and senses when they reflect back from objects. In this way, it can tell the distance to an object.) How might you use an ultrasonic sensor to let you know when someone is approaching the door? (Answer: Point the sensor in front of the door and when a person approaches, the distance to the nearest object would be the distance to that person. When that person is a specified distance from the door, the computer could sense it and open the door.)

(Note: The provided answers are just possible ways that the EV3 sensors could be used in automatic doors, and students may come up with other solutions that would work. Encourage them to think creatively about the challenge. You might also ask them what problems they see with these solutions. This is the way engineers would approach this challenge, looking for a wide range of possible solutions and eventually deciding on the best solution for a given situation.)

Pre-Lesson Assessment

Before beginning the lesson, administer the three-question Pre-Lesson Assessment Sheet (also slide 2). Answers are provided in slide 3.

Post-Lesson Assessment

After conducting the associated activity, administer the three-question Post-Lesson Assessment Sheet (same as the pre-lesson assessment) to make sure that students understand what a robot is and how detailed they must be in writing robot instructions. Compare pre/post answers to assess student progress.

• LEGO Robots (Quicktime video)
• Engineering for the Red Planet (Quicktime video)
• Anatomy of a Rover (Flash interactive)
• Kismet (Quicktime video)
• RoboSnail (Quicktime video)
• Robofly (QuickTime Video)
• Design Inspired by Nature (Flash image)

What Is a Robot? Teachers' Domain. Accessed 11/9/2010. (overview and examples) http://www.teachersdomain.org/resource/eng06.sci.engin.design.lp_robot/

Robotics: Thinking, Sensing and Acting. The Tech Museum of Innovation. Accessed 7/10/2013. http://www.thetech.org/learning-resources/robotics

Robotics in the Classroom: Hopes or Threats?

• Pierre Léna 5 , 6  
• Open Access
• First Online: 13 February 2021

12k Accesses

Artificial intelligence implemented in a great diversity of systems, such as smartphones, computers, or robots, is progressively invading almost all aspects of life. Education is already concerned by this revolution, as are medicine or care for elderly people. Education is indeed a special case, because it is fundamentally based on the relationship, involving love and emotions as well as knowledge, between a fragile child and an adult. But teachers are becoming rare and education expensive: The Earth demography is here an economical challenge. We examine some of the various modalities of teacher substitution, companionship or computer-resources which are already experimented, and discuss their ethical aspects. We conclude on the positive aspects of computer-aided education, which does not substitute the teacher, but may help and provide continued professional development.

You have full access to this open access chapter,  Download chapter PDF

Introduction

In 2017, Sir Anthony Seldon, specialist of education, vice-Chancellor of the University of Buckingham (UK), prophesized that within a decade: “…intelligent machines that adapt to suit the learning styles of individual children will soon render traditional academic teaching all but redundant […]. They will learn to read the brains and facial expressions of pupils, adapting the method of communication to what works best for them” (Bodkin 2017 ). As the digital world, supported by the seemingly endless developments of artificial intelligence, data collection and mining, progressively invades all sectors of private and public life, will education resist to this invasion, or benefit from it? Indeed, since over two millennia, schooling has been based on a face-to-face relation between a teacher and the student. Will robotics make outdated this traditional vision, at an epoch when the amount of mass education is required on Earth at an unprecedented scale? Is this perspective a fantasy, a likely nightmare or an interesting evolution?

First, we discuss in general terms the hopes and changes which these perspectives could offer, while having been explored since barely a decade. Second, we address the simplest issue, dealing with the use of robots as pedagogical tools, with the specific goal to introduce the pupils to computer science. Third, we enter into the hot question of “robot teachers,” analyzing the diversity of situations and current experiments and research which can be considered under such a broad and somewhat provocative expression associating “teachers” and “robots”: it may span from a simple machine, designed to help a human teacher, to a full humanoid substitute of the teacher. At this point, it is necessary to introduce an ethical discussion, since one must consider the fragility of the child, exposed for instance to the possibility for a robot “to read the child’s brain and face.” Finally, we try to focus on the most promising and probably most realistic contribution of artificial intelligence to education, namely the computer-aided education, understood in a less revolutionary sense than the existence of humanoid robot teachers.

We shall observe that actual implementations to-date are only beginning, and research on their impacts very limited. Hence, our conclusions will be careful and probably fragile.

Emerging Needs, Hopes, and Threats

Since over two millennia, education at school is based on a face-to-face relation between the teacher and the student. The person-to-person dialog between Socrates and Menon happens today in classes at a different scale, with tens, hundreds, or even more pupils in the class, but a “vertical” transmission of knowledge remains the general rule of primary and secondary education. Worldwide, teachers are trained for this purpose and implement their pedagogy in this context. Is this the most efficient way to transmit knowledge and to prepare the youth to read the present world and be ready for its future? Various attempts to explore alternate ways of improvement have been made, based on more or less empirical hypothesis on the learning process. Since several decades and following John Dewey’s ideas (1859–1962), an inquiry pedagogy, more “horizontal” and making the students more active, has developed. Neurosciences developments with Stanislas Dehaene are supporting the early intuitions of Maria Montessori (1870–1952), Lev Vygotski (1896–1934), and Jean Piaget (1896–1980), for a better respect of the stages which characterize the cognitive and physical development of the child (Dehaene 2018 ). Our own effort since 1996 on early science education with La main à la pâte has been inspired by these pedagogies (Charpak et al. 2005 ). Footnote 1 Recently, the scheme of “flipped (or inversed) classroom” ( classe inversée ) has become popular and begins to be implemented in various countries, Footnote 2 especially in higher education. There, the autonomy of the learner is stimulated, while the teacher is considered as a support, answering the questions and leading discussions.

Breaking the passivity of the “purely listening” (and often bored!) student is considered essential for an efficient learning of a foreign language: hence language laboratories have been among the first to replace, for some activities, the teacher by a machine. More recently, computers and tablets have emerged in the classrooms as teaching aids, and specific software becomes available to teachers of all disciplines. Geometry benefits from visual tools, geography from Google Earth, language from orthographic correction and voice helpers, etc.

With the advent of the digital revolution, progressively impacting all sectors of human activities and professional practices, an unescapable question emerges: will teachers disappear, or have to adapt to completely new schemes of professional activity? The physician profession is interesting to observe. In its practice, the personal relation with the patient, as for teachers, has always been considered essential. Yet, the profession is currently confronted to this same question and already encounters significant evolutions, such as telemedicine, robotics helpers… Similarly, the magnitude of aging population in China or Japan already leads to some care-taking robots for old people, a case which is not without some similarities with the issue of teaching.

Some relatively significant impacts on classroom practices are already perceivable: students have an unlimited access to information through Internet; collaborative work between schools across a country, or even worldwide, becomes common practice, especially on universal issues like sustainable development or climate education; Footnote 3 special education for children with dyspraxia draws on digital resources, Footnote 4 etc.

Looking further into the future, several factors may indicate that a massive evolution of the classical schooling methods may come or will even be forced to happen. The cost of education may be the dominant factor. In a developed country such as France, the current offer of primary and secondary education—up to ages 16–18—to the whole of an age class represents over 10% in the budget of the nation. The goal of “ equal access to quality education” is included as one of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations, Footnote 5 promulgated in 2015. Yet, attaining worldwide this goal seems entirely out of prospect during the next decades. It would need adding 20.1 million primary and secondary school teachers to the workforce, while also finding replacements for the 48.6 million expected to leave until 2030, because of their retirement, or the end of a temporary contract, or the desire to pursue a different profession with better pay or better working conditions (UIS 2016 ). Footnote 6 On top of the costs themselves, which yet maintain mediocre salaries for teachers, the supply and quality of these teachers remains a central problem, almost everywhere. In France, the traditional status of public teachers as selected “expert” civil servants is no longer sustainable for mathematics or English teachers in secondary schools, and other schemes of recruitment, with a lesser guarantee on quality, are being implemented. In Africa especially, the demographic pressure in the coming decades is preparing a difficult challenge for schooling, which itself is a necessary condition for economic development and adaptation to climatic changes. Therefore, in developing countries, if cheaper methods, such as lessons through Android smartphones, become available to access the knowledge, it is likely that the poorest parents will use the cheapest means, while families with sufficient resources will continue to choose human teachers for their children whenever possible. The universal extension of Wi-Fi connections, with local substitutes, in case of unavailability, which are capable to store large data bases, creates an entirely new context, not free of commercial interests.

It is therefore worthwhile to explore more in depth the perspectives which robotics and computers may offer to these challenges. Moreover, observing how schooling is becoming a business in some developing or emerging countries, the commercial potential of education needs, if seized by actors mastering the digital tools at large scale, may become a reality, with all the questions it raises on quality, equity, and ethics.

People seem to be worried about the use of robots in schools. In 2012, a European survey of public attitudes (European Commission 2012 ) to robots over 27,000 persons reached interesting conclusions. In great majority, European citizens are not opposed to the use of robots, in case of manufacturing or various domestic uses. On the opposite, 60% consider that robots should be banned from the care of children, 34% that they should be entirely banned from the field of education, while only 2% thought robots could be used in education, namely schooling. Similar attitudes are observed towards health care, care of children, elderly, or disabled persons, i.e., human tasks. Either pros or cons, are these attitudes justified?

We place the present discussion in a slightly broader frame than the mechanical robots and extend it to the possible roles of computer-based artificial intelligence in education. Indeed, there exists a continuum from the latter to the former, and technology is constantly opening new combinations of soft- and hardware. As a matter of fact, the term “computer aided education” goes beyond “robotics” itself (Cigi 2013 ). This broad frame may be addressed with the goal to totally or partially replace the teachers by robots, a discussion well introduced by Amanda Sharkey ( 2016 ), from whom we borrow several points, referring to her abundant and up-to-date bibliography.

A Simple Case: Robots as Pedagogical Tools

In primary and secondary schools, science and technology lessons are already exploiting robotics as a rich pedagogical tool. Since 2008, the robot Thymio II, Footnote 7 developed at the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne (Switzerland), provides a combination of robotics and programming, in order to introduce children to the digital world. La main à la pâte in France has developed extensive modules, named “ 1, 2, 3…Codez” helping primary school teachers to introduce robotics, from age 5 upwards. Footnote 8 These modules, introduced in 2014, are disseminated with a great success among teachers. Observing teachers and children in the thousands of classes which are using worldwide these teaching aids, Footnote 9 some interesting conclusions are reached:

First, children at all ages find robots attracting and exciting their curiosity.

Young children progressively learn the difference between “alive” and “not-alive,” comparing the robot with animals or plants. Qualifying the robot as “intelligent” and having themselves programmed it, they explore the meaning of human intelligence.

Programming a robot for a specific task, then letting it act, explores the benefits of mistakes and errors, without any value judgment or cognitive risk for the student. As machine learning, it can be repeated at no cost and introduces the teacher to the use of more sophisticated machine learning if so wished.

Equally interesting is the combination offered there between a physical object (the robot) and a logical set of instructions (the program). The former is submitted to the constraints of the physical world (e.g., the size of the room where the robot moves, the friction on its wheels, the battery…), while the latter is only constrained by logics and eventually mathematical rules. The fertile difference between an error and a physical approximation or uncertainty may then be introduced to students.

Programming the robot offers an introduction to encoding with a rich combination of variables, sequences, programming events, and feedback. This is a first and early introduction to computer science. Some ethical aspects may also be introduced and discussed in the classroom: who should make a decision, the machine or the child?

To conclude this point, the use of robotics in classroom, combined with computer science and eventually electronics, is a straightforward and creative way to teach technology within the aggregate called STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics).

Robot Teachers: A Diversity of Possible Roles?

Education among humans, as among some species within the animal world, begins with imitation. In parallel with imitation, a person-to-person relationship is established, which begins at the infant stage with the use of symbolic language. The act of teaching, its specific characters when exercised by humans, the complex interactions between the mind of the teacher and one of the pupils have been extensively studied, and cannot be developed here (Ziv et al. 2016 ; Strauss 2016 ). In principle, the question of an eventual “robot teacher” should be analyzed within this extremely complex context, especially when it is proposed to replace human teachers by a humanoid robot, which would fully handle the classroom.

As a first-order approach, I here follow the categories introduced by Sharkey ( 2016 ), who distinguishes: (a) the “social” robots as a substitute for teacher; or (b) as “a companion and peer”; or finally (c) as a tool for distance learning with telepresence. Each of these roles deserves a specific discussion, based on the few published experiences available today. We shall conclude that considering artificial intelligence (AI) as a potential teaching aid, rather than a full teacher substitute, seems to be the best direction to explore and implement, as argued by Rose Luckin and coworkers from University College London (Luckin et al. 2016 ). We observe that such categories, although helpful to sort out the diversity of uses and their positive or negative aspects, do not properly cover the great versatility of robots for many types of applications. The NAO robot, initially developed in France and currently in Japan, Footnote 10 seems to be used in many different instances: companion, game partner, attendance of a sick person, education, teaching aid for disabled, etc.

Robots as a Full Substitute to Teachers

Saya is a female humanoid robot developed in Japan. Its facial mobility allows to express emotions (anger, joy…). The techniques are similar to the ones developed for sexual robots (Levy 2007 ), Footnote 11 of which there already exist some presentations on Internet. Using robots to replace teachers in the classroom would require demonstrating the necessity and efficiency of such decision. As Sharkey notes, robots can be useful when special risks are affecting tasks carried by humans, such as dangerous environments or need for very fast decisions. Teaching is free of such risks. The heart of a positive interaction between the teacher and the student lays in the ability of the former to “read the mind” of the latter, hence to efficiently accompany the emotions as well as the acquisition of knowledge and know-how. Sharkey also argues that there exist to date no evidence showing that a robot, acting “alone” as a full teacher’s substitute, can better understand what happens in the children’s mind. Research may clarify this point in the future.

Many jobs done by humans today are transformed into robotics tasks for economic reasons, provoking at least temporarily an employment crisis, without a compensating creation of jobs. Would a similar evolution be conceivable for the teaching profession, which suffers from a recruitment crisis in many countries? At the moment, the available evidence does not show that robots could outperform humans in a teaching role, neither that they would be cheaper than a teacher.

Robots as Companions for Learning

As a fully humanoid teacher seems a fantasy at the moment, some tasks in the classroom could nevertheless evolve, by using robots with a gradation in complexity and interactivity. We mention Elias Robot for young learners, focused on language acquisition and based on the already mentioned humanoid NAO , which today appears as the most advanced robot for classroom. Elias is being tested in Finnish schools (Reuters 2018 ). In Chinese kindergarten, the semi-humanoid robot Keeko is used “to help children solve logical problems.” Footnote 12 Another robot, Tega , is so described: “A smartphone-based robot, Tega serves as a classroom learning companion for younger kids. The interactive robot asks students to complete tasks, monitors their success, and provides feedback. Tega ’s shape and skin mimics that of a stuffed animal, which many young students find appealing and non-threatening” (Lynch 2019 ).

The Avatarmond iPal Robot family is advertised as follows: “Under the supervision of a teacher, iPal can aid in lessons by presenting educational content in an engaging manner that supports social development and encourages interest in science and technology” (Nanjing AvatarMind Robot Technology 2017 ).

Two English-speaking Robovie robots have been tried in a Japanese elementary school, interacting with fifth and sixth grade pupils. The children wore an RFID tag, allowing the robot to identify them (Kanda et al. 2004 ). A further experiment, done by the same team, simulated attachment, progressing with time, of the robot to individual students. In this experiment the robot would learn some particularities of a child, like the name, or give him a “secret.”

Another experiment has been reported in an English language school for Japanese children, with the idea that children would attach to the robots and be able to actively teach some verbs to them (Tanaka and Matsuzoe 2012 ). The reported gain in efficiency is not clear.

Irobi , made in South Korea and very successful in Asia, is a 7 kg semi-humanoid robot, Palk ( 2010 ) explains: “For children, Irobi is like a nanny. It speaks (1000 words), sings, expresses feelings by its movements. It can learn English.” Engkee is a robot “teacher” for English lessons, implemented in South Korean classrooms since 2010.

The European Commission has been supporting a research program (2016–2018) named Second Language Tutoring Using Social Robots. Footnote 13 Initiated in the Netherlands, it provides students with a “companion robot” (Fig. 1 ), in order to help language acquisition, especially for immigrant Turkish population.

A child with a L2TOR companion robot

All these systems would deserve detailed research to understand their potential effects, but one cannot escape the feeling that, by resembling sophisticated dolls rather than humans, they are based on a quite naïve vision of the child’s relation to other children.

At the university level with much older students, the robot Jill , based on IBM’s Watson system (open multicloud platform), has been developed by the Georgia Institute of Technology to teach a graduate course online throughout the world. Jill ’s creator Ashok Goel observes that the students, at least in the beginning, did not even notice they were dealing with a robotic teaching assistant (TA). Here is the analysis, possibly over-optimistic, given by Tim Sprinkle 2017, from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers: “Jill was an incredibly effective teaching assistant. She answered student questions within minutes, no matter when they contacted her. She offered in-depth answers to a wide range of complex queries. She was generally more accessible, more personal, and more upbeat than any human could ever be. The class rolled through half a semester before Goel gave up Jill’s real identity. Since then, he’s used the AI system in a few other classes and has noticed that, beyond helping with his workload, Jill also improves the overall student experience, making for better, more effective, and more engaged learning.”

Telepresence and Teaching

Within the continuum between full substitutes and aided teaching, the telepresence robots represent an intermediate step, in the sense that they are operated by humans—students or teacher—at a distance, to interact with a remote classroom. In Korea, the EngKey robot is being used for distant English lessons. An experiment has been made to remotely help teachers in the Philippines, in order for them to teach their South Korean students.

One may question whether this is more efficient than a straight Skype communication with the teacher telepresence?

Robots in Special Education

Robots could be considered as a kind of “exoskeleton,” where disabilities which may hinder an access to education, would be helped by the use of a robot (Virnes 2008 ). The abovementioned NAO robot is used to help Alzheimer patients or educate autist children.

Ethics and Teacher Substitutes

When facing the endless blossoming of robotic technologies, the way their apparently costless or cheap access is developing along a new and often hidden capitalistic model, when observing their potential impact on education, the words of Pope Francis in the Encyclical Letter Laudato Si′ come to mind. After reminding that “ it is right to rejoice in these advances [of technical prowess] and to be excited by the immense possibilities which they continue to open up before us [102],” Francis, quoting Romano Guardini’s book The End of the Modern World, warns on the “ironclad logic” of technology: “ The effects of imposing this model on reality as a whole, human and social, are seen in the deterioration of the environment, but this is just one sign of a reductionism which affects every aspect of human and social life. We have to accept that technological products are not neutral, for they create a framework which ends up conditioning lifestyles and shaping social possibilities along the lines dictated by the interests of certain powerful groups. Decisions which may seem purely instrumental are in reality decisions about the kind of society we want to build .” And later: “ Isolated individuals can lose their ability and freedom to escape the utilitarian mindset and end up prey to an unethical consumerism bereft of social or ecological awareness [219].”

Using a different tone, Ashok Goel, quoted by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Sprinkle 2017 ) and already mentioned above with his robot Jill , recognizes the need to personalize all the tutoring and teaching: “ to get there, technology [i.e. Jill and other robots] needs to become more human ”. What does it mean for education, in order to remain human?

In her excellent paper, Sharkey develops an in-depth analysis of the ethical concerns about robot teachers, covering the various uses mentioned above (Sharkey 2016 ).

First, she discusses the threat to privacy, with robots exerting personal surveillance, collecting personal data on children, monitoring teacher performance or classroom activities. To assess performance of children, emotions could be assessed with various sensors, measuring facial expressions or physiological reactions. The results may be used without control of the parents or imposed on them as criteria for judging their child’s behavior. When undertaken with research aims, such actions could be done with adequate ethical protocols, Footnote 14 but their generalization may easily turn into a “Panopticon” to control the classroom and even to provide data for commercial production of educational material. Telepresence robots may even convey data escaping from the country where they act.

Second, Amanda Sharkey analyses the illusion or rather the postulate, which assumes that a robot is able to relate to humans. She discusses the attachment and deception children may encounter when, dealing with robots, they loss real human contact. The concept of uncanny valley seems appropriate here, as it is depicting the emotional response of humans to an object which appears more or less undistinguishable from the reality of a human person. Footnote 15 Exposing children to the robot NAO and others, Kimberly Brinks (Living Lab Program, University of Michigan) has explored how 240 youngsters, age 3–18, eventually trust a robot and feel at ease (Kim 2018 ; Brink et al. 2017 ).

Third, the question of control and accountability is addressed. If a robot takes, partially or totally, the role of a teacher, it would have to exert such functions as authority, empathy, reward, and eventually punishment. How would children react to such behaviors coming from a machine? how far would the machine be “authorized” to act?

Similar questions may emerge on the robot-soldier. Some arguments are given in favor of its use, claiming that a robot behavior might be more “ethical” than human reactions (?).

It is worth quoting here Chrystof Heyns, the United Nations special rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. He argues against the use of autonomous robots to make lethal decisions on the battlefield. His reasoning is that robots “lack human judgement, common sense, appreciation of the larger picture, understanding of the intentions behind people’s actions, and understanding of values and anticipation of the direction in which events are unfolding” (Heyns 2013 ). Several of these arguments apply as well to a robot-teacher, which would most likely lack the ability to understand the complexity of children behavior and moral background. In addition, even a good programming might not avoid all kind of biases which may lead to unequitable treatment of students (color of skin, accent and language, weak disabilities, parental and cultural heritage, etc.).

Similar questions may be raised for a companion robot, or for the telepresence robot, although in the latter case a human presence is making decisions at distance.

A Way for the Future: Computer-Aided Instruction

Analyzing the economical perspectives in developing countries confronted to the digital revolution, Jeffrey Sachs analyzes the key sectors of economy and lists the potential effects of this revolution. Considering education, he states: “Education [will see] a major expansion of access to low-cost, high-quality online education, including online curricula, online monitoring of student progress, online teaching training, “connected classrooms” via videoconferencing, and distance tutoring” (Sachs 2019 , p. 162). Von Braun and Baumüller equally addresses education and knowledge as a domain where artificial intelligence and robotics could reduce poverty and marginalization (von Braun and Baumüller 2021 , Chap. 7 this volume).

There is, and will be, a very broad range of ways to use algorithms and computers to help the learning process, complementing the classical face-to-face classroom or auditorium. All kinds of software, Footnote 16 some using artificial intelligence, are already available to help visualize the solving of mathematical problems, such as GeoGebra. Others are simulating phenomena in astronomy, Footnote 17 physics, Footnote 18 or chemistry. Footnote 19 Complexity of climate change is modeled in an accessible way to help teachers with lecturing or classroom discussions. Footnote 20 , Footnote 21 This use of software is an extremely rich field which rapidly develops, greatly helping teachers at all levels if they are properly trained to use these tools with a critical mind.

Massive Open On-line Courses (MOOC) represent another aspect of computer-aided education (Wikipedia last updated 2020 ). Although versatile in use, and able to ensure a broad dissemination, one should not underestimate their cost of development and monitoring. For example, the Class’Code MOOC offered in France since 2016 by the Institut national de recherche en informatique et automatique (INRIA), in cooperation with La main à la pâte , aims at students aged 8–16, in order to initiate them into the process of computer sciences (machines, algorithms, information, programs). This has to-date reached about 3000 students, for a non-negligible investment cost of about 2 M€, i.e., about 40 years of a teacher’s salary cost in a developed country.

Websites offering “questions & answers” help to students, with typical exercises in science and mathematics, may replace traditional books with more progressive, case-adapted algorithms, such as the Socratic application, now offered by Google. Footnote 22

Smartphones already exist with a variety of sensors and could accommodate more through USB connections. These can be used to collect data: simple applications use the smartphone accelerometer and can provide useful measurements of seismicity (app SEISME), others collect information on biodiversity (app PLANTNET) and there seems to be no limit on the development of such actions of participative science (Académie des Sciences 2018 ).

We are probably observing the emergence of a considerable diversity of learning tools, available on computers through Internet, but also through smartphones, of easy and free access, which can profoundly transform the teaching practice, especially for science lessons in poor areas where experimental material is rare.

In the classroom, the replacement of teachers by robots could be extremely diverse in its modalities, from full substitutes to teaching or learning companions. It is still in infancy and sufficient research of the impact is not yet available. The technical possibilities combining artificial intelligence and teaching needs are probably immense, but the opportunities and costs of such investment remain today questionable. The ethical aspects of such developments raise many questions, to be explored in depth, since children are by essence extremely vulnerable human beings. Providing tools which better answer human expectations, especially those of students, is quite different from building a “conscious” robot which is designed to be exactly like a human .

Facing these limitations and words of caution, the needs to develop education worldwide are so pressing, and their cost implies such a small probability to be fully covered during this century, that any reasonable solution which benefits from these technological advances will become helpful, especially in the broad area of computer-aided education.

See also (in English) www.fondation-lamap.org

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flipped_classroom

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See http://www.fondation-lamap.org/fr/page/34536/1-2-3-codez-espace-enseignants

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks David Wilgenbus (section “Robots as pedagogical tools”) and Christopher Pedregal for helpful exchanges during the design of this contribution, and Joachim von Braun for having encouraged it.

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Léna, P. (2021). Robotics in the Classroom: Hopes or Threats?. In: von Braun, J., S. Archer, M., Reichberg, G.M., Sánchez Sorondo, M. (eds) Robotics, AI, and Humanity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_9

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• Coding for Kids

Robotics for Kids - An Interesting Topic to Learn

An introduction of robotics for kids.

Robotics is subdivided into engineering and science which involves computerised engineering, automatic engineering, computer science, and so on. This subdivision deals with the design, construction, use to control robots, sensitive response, and information processing. Robotics allows children to learn STEM ideas in a hands-on environment. 

They acquire knowledge of how to program, design, and make their robots. Robotics provides an educational device for children to think out of the box. Several times children have plans of what they dream to design. It takes a look at real-life applications. It uses robotic subordinates. Robotics also means the development of robots. It is a human-made machine that is programmed to restore people in different areas of work. You will learn what robotics is for kids.

Robotics Middle School:-

Robotics programs instruct middle school kids on how to proceed towards these real-world problems in a creative, yet organised way. By structuring and organising robotics, kids learn how to channel their innovation and use it to create the best possible answer for a particular problem. In this, kids find the history of everything. Robotics in middle school learn about mechanical systems, energy transfer, machine automation, and computer control systems. Middle school students are launched to technical thinking, design identification, and algorithm design to come up with a step-by-step strategy for solving a problem. 

Robotics Curriculum

The Robotics curriculum focuses on guiding and preparing students to solve problems, think captively, work collectively and creatively, function in a digital and information-driven world, and apply digital and information and computer technology skills, to convey these skills to solve everyday problems. 

Some set of institutional units focuses on:

Introduction to Robotics

Basic organising 

Electronic power

Advance programming using variables

Design Engineering 

Scientific processes 

Project management 

Problem-solving 

Robotics Courses for Kids:-

Robotics has made our life simpler and easier than ever . Nearly all the districts that one can think of depend on robotics in one form or the other forms. With every passing way, there is a new innovative, new location and robotics search their way here too. Therefore, the demand for robotic engineers sees an aggressive increase with time. 

Some top courses for kids to become a robotics engineer:

Fun with Beginner LEGO Mindstorms EV3 Robotics 

Learn Robot Operating System: Basic - Skillshare

Introducing Robotic Process Automation

Artificial Intelligence for Robotics 

Robotics specialisation 

Robotics 

Introduction to Robotics Masterclass 

Teaching Kids Robotics

Robotics is a flexible technology even for kids, it should be taught properly; otherwise, kids will stop showing interest in learning robotics. Robotics is very beneficial for kids at an early age. Some benefits of robotics are coding, STEM, logical thinking, algorithm thinking, collaboration, communication, problem-solving, and creativity. Robotics acts as an associative tool that teaches kids different sets of knowledge along with fun.

Here I suggested 5 simple and easy ways to teach robotics to kids:-

Enrol in online robotics classes for kids

Buy a DIY robotic kit for kids

Teach robotics through online platforms

After school robotics club and workshops

Teach robotics to kids by yourself 

In this article, we have learned about robotics, and how robotics is an essential part of kids. We have studied the definition of robotics,  robotics curriculum ,  some important courses regarding robotics, robotics in middle school , and teaching robotics for kids. The way we discussed robotics in this chapter will surely inbuild an interest in you. This is a very important topic. Important information related to robotics is present here.

FAQs on Robotics for Kids - An Interesting Topic to Learn

1. Who invented the robot?

The first modern robot was invented by George C. Devol in the early 1950s , a creator from Louisville, Kentucky. He attempted to sell his product in the industry but did not succeed. Academia also made much progress in the innovation of new robots. Angleberger is known in the industry as “the father of robotics”. The first humanoid robot was a soldier with a trumpet made in 1810 by Friedrich Kaufmann in Dresden , Germany. These robots affected people rather than machines and could think for themselves.

2. How are robots controlled?

Robotics is more frequently controlled using a tether or wired, wirelessly, or free. Tethered, the easiest method to control robotics, is using a handheld controller connected physically to the robot using wires or a cable. Switches on the controller allow you to control the robot without using electronics and act to connect motors to a battery directly. Such robots normally have no mind. The four major types to control robotics are point-to-point control robots, continuous path control robots, controlled path robots, and stop-to-stop control robots.

3. How do we use robotics in daily life?

Some of the most popular are robot vacuum cleaners and kitchen robots, but nowadays we also have robotics that is used to cut the lawn in the garden or tidy the bottom of the pool. Robots that clean windows, iron clothes, etc. Robotics has also allowed home automation like heating, lights, blinds, or security systems. Another common use of robotics is that of industrial processes, which move the largest pieces and boxes. Finally, the use of robotics at school is increasing day by day. These are the basic uses of robotics in daily life.

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Human And Robots: The Impact Of Robots On Human Life

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• Subcategory Modern Technology
• Topic Robots

These last few decades have seen significant advances in robotics, and the impacts of this progress on the society are still being evacuated. Over many years, scientists have been working on developing machines that display human intelligence and they called that ‘Artificial Intelligence’. According to Jake Frankenfield, an editor specialized in technology, ‘Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to think like humans and mimic their actions.'(Frankenfield, 2020). Robotics is one of the main branches of AI, and it is dedicated to the design of robots. These machines are used in different areas and provide various services. Even though they are widely used, they have never been so controversial. While some people seem to be satisfied with the abilities of robots, others are more suspicious. Research has proved that approximately 70% of Americans are worrying about the expansion of robots, (Solon, 2017).

The purpose of this study is to argue that it is necessary to moderate the use of robots capable of human performance. Robot density is steadily increasing around the world. The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) recorded a 30% increase in the robot sales in 2017, (International Federation of Robotics, 2018, p. 1). Several countries have invested huge amounts to acquire cutting-edge robots. Moreover, companies and multinationals are also following this trend. More and more people tend to get accustomed to machines and integrate them into their lives.

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While it is true that using robots is not without consequences, it is essential to not overlook that robots have been primarily created for helping people. So, their contribution to well-being, especially in the medical area should be taken into consideration. However, their useful abilities do not exempt the society from risks linked to their use.

The following pages will first look at the use of robots in healthcare, before turning to the potential dependence of people on robots. Then, the correlation between unemployment and robots will be explained. Finally, this paper will focus on the dangers of robots to privacy and intimacy.

The use of robots raises concerns and questions, so the effects related to their use should be highlighted. Reducing the robot density could be profitable for society. However, a balanced view must acknowledge the fact that robots are useful in the medical area. Thanks to recent advances in technology, they assist surgeons. There are, indeed, elaborate machines that improve their work and make it easier. Moreover, some robots deliver medicines to patients and even allow communication between the different poles of the hospital. They also have great abilities to help the disabled throughout their recovery process. They can adapt to each patient and provide care that suits them, (Crawford, 2016). They are also used to clean and disinfect rooms and surfaces to limit the spread of bacteria and viruses. Furthermore, they take care of the elderly and keep them company. Nevertheless, accidents can occur while dealing with robots. It remains risky to use them in surgical operations. The slightest misstep or machine failure can be fatal for the patient. It is thus not careful to entrust vulnerable and sick people to inanimate machines, which are unconscious. Disables can get injuries during their rehabilitation. Besides, robots cannot provide the proper attention and care the elderly need, since they have neither feelings nor emotions. Noel Sharkey, professor of computer science at the University of Sheffield in England, expands this idea by stating that ‘The elderly need the human contact that is often only provided by caregivers and people performing day-to-day tasks for them’, (Sharkey, 2008, p. 359). It is then notable that robots should be used carefully.

One of the main reasons that explain this point of view is that dealing with robots can result in dependence. Over the last years, the process of creation of robots has evolved and nowadays, they can accomplish various tasks. Some of them are used for domestic services (Show-Garlock, 2009, p. 338), and people seem to appreciate their abilities. In her article, Alone Together: The Robotic Moment, Sherry Turkle, a science professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, discusses the willingness of people to insert robots into their lives, (Turkle, 2011, p. 327). They do not see robots as simple machines, but rather as potential friends, partners, and confidants. It should be noticed that spending too much time with robots could have many consequences. By doing so, people gradually move away from others and reality. By clinging to these machines, they deteriorate their relationships with others, thus exposing themselves to isolation. The point is that human-robot relationships impact people interaction with others, because they are “morally problematic”, (Show-Garlock, 2009, p. 343). Spending too much time with robots will create communication and cohabitation issues. Besides, the authenticity of a real relationship is jeopardized when dealing with humanlike machines. People with emotional issues and insecurities can be tempted to rely on robots, and such a situation is problematic. They will try to find the healing, affection and comfort they are looking for in robots. Nonetheless, their expectations cannot be satisfied because robots cannot give them the attention they need. These machines are different from humans. People seem to forget that, robots have been designed by humans, they cannot act by themselves because they are monitored by an external source. Moreover, they are unable to feel and display human behaviors. Human beings acquire some values and experiences throughout their life. People have face-to-face conversations and share emotions with their peers daily. Despite being very sophisticated, robots are unable to act this way, (Turkle, 2011, p. 324).

Furthermore, scientists have designed a range of robots physically similar to humans, and they are called humanoid machines. These robots are programmed to mimic human actions and provide care and assistance for children and the elderly. Some of them got human characteristics. In addition to giving the impression of breathing, they can also speak, blink and create eye contact, (Show-Garlock, 2009, p. 342). This situation can lead people to become more reliant on robots. Indeed, it has been proven that the appearance impacts the way people treat robots, (Ishiguro & Asada, 2006, p. 333). Some people have met humanoid machines, especially Repliee Q2 and Kismet. Their experience with these robots was unexpected. Surprisingly, they felt a connection with them, and treated them as living beings without realizing it, (Show-Garlock, 2009, p. 345). This phenomenon is explained by some authors findings. According to Clifford Nass, Youngme Moon, John Morkes, Eun-Young Kim, Jeffrey Fogg, professors and searchers at Stanford University, the human brain anthropomorphizes machines that simulate human behavior, (Show-Garlock, 2009, p. 345). Otherwise stated, creating human-like robots lead people to have feelings for them, (Mallawaarachchi, 2017, p. 5). A survey conducted on 30 owners of robots reveals that the majority attributes names and gender to their machine, (Woo, 2014, p. 4). An over-attachment to these artificial machines, is then likely to occur.

However, the appearance is not the only factor, that should be taken into account. Even though, they resemble the human body, robots remain robots. Disproportionate reliance on these machines can be detrimental. Admittedly, robots are efficient and effective, however they have over-facilitated some people lives. They represent a double-edged sword. Before their apparition, people used to move a lot to perform their tasks and fulfill their needs. But today, many people use robots to make their daily lives easier, they count on them to achieve basic tasks. Consequently, they are less and less physically active. Thus, they exposed themselves to laziness, sedentary lifestyle, and other health issues such as obesity, diabetes and stroke. In addition to these physical issues, robots affect humans intellectually by lessening innovation and originality. As previously stated, many factors can lead people to become dependent on robots and this situation results in serious consequences. Unfortunately, further drawbacks arise when using these machines.

Robots represent a springboard for unemployment. The development of research in the artificial field has resulted in the spread of machines that are increasingly replacing human labor around the world. Many studies have measured the effects of this robotization. Data have shown that the number of robots used worldwide has tripled during the last two decades, reaching 2.25 million, (Brown, 2019, p. 1). Besides, forecasts show that the robot’s density will increase more significantly, especially in Asian countries such as China and South Korea. Past studies revealed that 1,7 million jobs have been lost since 2000 because of automation, (Lynkova, 2019, p. 1). The BBC News report up to 20 million job cuts due to robots, by 2030 (BBC News, 2019, p. 1). One robot can eliminate approximately two manufacturing jobs. Robotization will be beneficial for some people, but it is important to note that it will generate only 13% of jobs, while 29% will be replaced, (Lynkova, 2019, p. 9). Training the population to face these changes could be an interesting idea; nevertheless, it remains costly and some countries cannot afford it. The above figures demonstrate that, automation has significant economic and social implications. As robots become more sophisticated, people jobs will be wiped out. The losses and the gains are imbalanced. As a result, the labor demand will exceed the labor supply, creating thus mass unemployment. The increase in the unemployment rate will cause damages not only for individuals, but also for the whole society. It is necessary to point out that unemployment is costly. Indeed, it fosters misery and poverty. When they become jobless, people have fewer and fewer resources to cover their needs. Even by reducing their expenditures, they cannot afford the costs they incur. Simultaneously, people purchasing power decreases and they fall back on low-priced goods. Accordingly, the GDP, (Gross Domestic Product), per capita decreases resulting in economic downturns. Under such circumstances, welfare becomes unreachable and development is slowed down.

Moreover, there are other consequences besides those related to consumption. Joblessness can also affect people psychologically, given the pressure they are under. They constantly face stress and anxiety, when struggling to survive. This is very conducive to the development of mental illnesses, especially depression. A study has shown that the risk of suicide has increased in regions facing unemployment, (Cummins, 2015, p. 2). These findings highlight the correlation between joblessness and suicide. Besides, this issue leads to family breakdown and fosters criminality. Since people have nothing to do, they are more likely to engage in illegal activities. Another cost of unemployment is the erosion of skills. The more people remain jobless, the more they lose their abilities and competencies. This scenario will mostly affect workers with lower skills, inasmuch they are more vulnerable to the robot’s takeover. Some regions are more impacted than others. This is the case of rural areas, in which inequalities will be strengthened. Thus, the whole economy will be disrupted. Everyone is involved in this wave, and the overall impact is expected to be uneven across countries, (O’Connor, 2018, p. 1).

Even though the manufacturing area is the most exposed to automation, the other sectors are not spared. The army, for example, faces the advent of soldier and killer robots. These robots are designed to, detect, track and eliminate targets. They can function on land, in the air and at sea. Some of them are automatic and able to take action without human interventions. They can engage in real combat with people and be harmful. The applications of robots in the military system raise ethical issues. Sharkey observed that machines and weapons are unable to distinguish innocents from targets, (Sharkey, 2008, p. 359). Therefore, people can be injured accidentally. This demonstrates that the use of robots as autonomous weapons endangers populations and civilians. It should also be noted that a dramatic situation has already arisen because of these weapons. Indeed, military robots have once caused deaths of several innocents, including children, in their operations, (Sharkey, 2008, p359). These facts bring to light the drawbacks of the use of robots in the workplace.

When using robots, people jeopardize their privacy and intimacy. Privacy refers to all data related to people personal lives, and this includes activities considered intimate. According to law, information related to privacy should not be disclosed. Privacy has always been a topic of great interest because it is very important. Indeed, it is one of the main human rights, because it is a great way to protect people. Technology, through artificial intelligence and machines, have fostered privacy violations, and exposed people inappropriately. Personal information can be used to assault individuals physically and psychologically.

Moreover, their financial information can be disclosed, exposing thus them to theft. Respecting privacy requirements protect people these misdeeds. With the wide range of robots available worldwide, privacy is threatened than ever. Patrick Lin, George Bekey, and Keith Abney, experts from science and the humanities, claim that the different impacts of robots on privacy can be regrouped into 3 categories, namely ‘direct surveillance, increased access and social meaning’, (Lin, Bekey, & Abney, 2010, p. 1). Made of complex algorithms and several processors, a robot capacity to observe is much better than that of humans. Therefore, they can be used for espionage and extorsion of private data. Besides, external users such as hackers, criminals, and government, are now able to find data that were inaccessible in the past, thanks to robots. A study has proven the vulnerability of machines against these intruders, (Lin, Bekey, & Abney, 2010, p. 2). As mentioned above, humans are sensitive to humanoid machines, and this connection emphasizes the potential dangers that robots represent for privacy. When social robots get closer to people, they are aware of all their activities and collect data from their daily lives. In this way, people’s routines are memorized and stored. Such information can be used against them.

Furthermore, the line between surveillance and invasion of privacy becomes increasingly blurred. The different security systems got a wide range of machines that can easily spy on people, without being noticed. The phenomenon of automation discussed above is also facilitating data collection. Lin, Bekey and Abney illustrate this idea by giving the example of robots shopping assistants in Japan that conduct sales and communications with customers, (Lin, Bekey and Abney, 2010, p. 4). By doing so, they record people preferences and tastes and recognize them thanks to the face identification feature. It remains important to note that using robots for collecting data or surveilling excessively, is unethical. Privacy should be respected for an individual’s dignity. The widespread applications of robots threaten intimacy and private life.

Robots are becoming commonplace as they are widely used today. Society faces real challenges, given that these machines have significant implications on human’s life. The purpose of the current study was to warn against the potential dangers that arise when dealing with robots and demonstrate the necessity of moderating or even reducing the use of robots capable of human performances worldwide. This paper began by acknowledging the contribution of these machines to well-being especially their usefulness in the medical field. Then, it has highlighted the limitations of this use, and advocated the careful use of robots with vulnerable persons. Afterward, the paper addressed the potential dependence that results from human-robot interactions. As people willingness to insert robots into their life increase, inappropriate relationships and attachment are then probable than ever. The paper claims that such relationships and disproportionate reliance on robots are detrimental for individuals and their loved ones. Moreover, it has revealed the dangers associated with the use of robots in the workplace. The advent of automation is fostering unemployment and hindering social and economic welfare. The several job losses induced by the applications of robots are costly for individuals and society. As mentioned above, replacing labor by machines has also serious ethical implications, especially in the army where autonomous weapons become more and more popular. Robots should not replace humans, but rather complete them. Finally, this study discussed the impacts of these machines on privacy and intimacy. This important human right is more than ever jeopardized with the rapid spread of robots. They have invaded people private lives. Individuals are exposed and their privacy can be violated on any occasion, because robots represent a great way for intruders to access sensitive data. The main conclusion that may be drawn for this study is that dealing with robots is not without impacts, so they should be used wisely and only if needed.

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Teachers Are Finding Innovative Ways to Use Robots in Class

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While some teachers remain wary of bringing artificial intelligence and automatons into the classroom, others are taking robots beyond STEM classes and into lessons on language arts, social studies, and even art and music.

In her 6th grade classroom in Fairfax, Va., Lisa Rode uses robots built by her students to teach everything from space exploration to human anatomy. Her students investigate plot structure by programming robots to act out stories that they write, explore the United States by making their robots travel across maps of the country, and tackle integers by guiding the robots up and down number lines.

“Students gain a little bit more independence and flexibility in their thinking because it’s things they’re not used to doing,” Rode said. “When we built our robots on the first day of school, the students had a lot of pride in their work—they’re more motivated when they’re using their robots.”

Rode began learning about robotics and integrating them into her classroom about three years ago. She noted that while the learning curve is difficult at first, the end result is worth it. She has noticed that her students with special needs especially benefit from interacting with the robots.

“I’ve had students who have a hard time communicating their thoughts orally or in writing, but they can program their robot and explain what the robot is doing well,” Rode said. “It gives them a different way to show their understanding.”

Classroom robotics is often seen as a way to help students develop 21st century skills like coding and engineering. In Education Week ‘s new special report on schools and the future of work , reporters explored how educators should start preparing students for a future filled with automation and artificial intelligence.

But robots can also strengthen students’ soft skills, like problem-solving and teamwork . For some students , robotics define their school experience by making learning fun, interactive, and creative.

On Twitter, teachers have shared the innovative ways they’re using robotics to promote creativity and collaboration in the classroom. Some educators combine coding with language arts to map out sentences and stories:

@villacortarusd 1st gr Ss work on story sequence, write sentences, algorithms, & programming robots. @rusdkids @RowlandSchools pic.twitter.com/dlAm0SZygN — Estela Gonzales (@momgonzales) March 8, 2017

Programming robots to sequence parts of a paragraph @APS_ELA @WilliamsburgAdm @APS_CTAE #CTEis100 pic.twitter.com/hWKI75Yt31 — APS STEM (@APS_STEM) February 7, 2017

Others put the ‘A’ in STEAM with their scientific takes on the arts:

In only a WEEK, @StaffordPhysics Ss created code for their robots to move and then create art! Teenagers are incredible! pic.twitter.com/xBqDx391sA — Jessica Kachaenchai (@JessieKach) January 17, 2017

Is this music class @TimberDriveES ? Sure is! Stdnts program robots to play melodies they composed! The 4Cs at work @WCPSS @Southernarea1 pic.twitter.com/QBApGxKmKR — Kimberly Burton (@T1Director) February 24, 2017

And math teachers are using robots to take hands-on learning to another level:

@PineCrestSch @mbadio 7G students using robots to measure distance in Comp Sci class #math #coding #programmers #robotics pic.twitter.com/zOh5qY5BiU — Vicki Spitalnick (@vspitalnick13) March 27, 2017

Classifying numbers w/ robots, coordinate plane board game, & ISN’s! Just another day in math class! @Travis_TWolves #GlazarsMathClass pic.twitter.com/RRvLkESscw — Angela Glazar (@AGlazar) October 5, 2017

If you’re interested in learning more about how to use robots in the classroom, make sure to check out the online educator resources offered by companies like Lego , Sphero , Bee-Bot , and Wonder Workshop —each site provides lesson plans and curricula to guide your teaching. Rode uses GoPiGo robots , which are powered by Raspberry Pi programming devices. Those robots are made by Dexter Industries’ education arm —see a video of Rode explaining more about how her students use GoPiGo robots in the classroom.

Images courtesy of Lisa Rode

(Correction: An earlier version of this post misstated how long Lisa Rode has been using robotics in her classroom. She started learning about and integrating robotics in her class lessons about three years ago. This post has also been updated with the brand of robot Rode uses.)

A version of this news article first appeared in the Teaching Now blog.

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Robots: Short Essay on Robots

Category: Essays and Paragraphs On February 14, 2019 By Various Contributors

Robots – Short Essay 1

Robots can be defined as machines that have human-like tendencies and capabilities. They can perform tasks according to their programming . For the past decade or so, robots have demonstrated immense significance by decreasing the workload of humans , especially in the industry sector.

Typically, robots are put into use in the manufacturing industry . Laborers usually find these jobs monotonous and repetitive. When people perform a specific role for a long time, it is natural for them to get bored of what they have been doing and want an out or complete the task unwillingly.

This will also reduce the effectiveness of such people as compared to when they began working. As a result, they end up feeling burned out without any eagerness or enthusiasm to continue the work. That is precisely where robots come in the picture to make the lives of humans easier than ever.

Uses of Robots

Even though in popular fiction a robot resembles a humanoid, in reality, they may have different shapes depending on their function and utility. They can undertake many types of tasks, from cooking and cleaning to heavier ones like assembling large machinery. The development of modern industrialization is dependent on the development of robotics.

In the modern world one can find robots anywhere, even in daily life:

• Robot vacuum cleaner : With a few instructions, the vacuum cleaner can clean the entire floor surface with no human intervention.
• Robot lawn mower : Again the owner can set a few instructions, and the entire lawn will be mowed while the owner can tend to other tasks.
• Drones: They are being developed as a surveillance device or for delivery of small items such as pizzas, etc.
• In factories, robots are used to set up assembly lines to minimize human labor.
• A lot of computer programs use robots to hack into other peoples’ computers or software.

Using robots cuts down on a lot of human effort, yet its scope is limited and needs some supervision by human intelligence. Industries have reaped a lot of benefits from the applications of robots in the past few decades. Their utilization has also led to a massive increase in the company’s productivity and profits . Robotics mixed with artificial intelligence has made it easy for humans to perform complicated or tedious tasks and this technology is only expected to grow in the future.

Robots – Short Essay 2

Robots are generally machines controlled by a PC program or electronic hardware . People might straightforwardly control them. They might be intended to look like people, in which case their conduct may recommend insight or thought. Most robots complete an explicit activity, and they don’t generally look like people.

A robot is a machine, an automaton which can carry out a variety of tasks to replace human effort.

Robots are present around us, and they don’t look like the humanoid robots as are made popular in movies and literature.

Various Uses of a Robot

• Daily life: At home, robots are commonly used for vacuum cleaning. It’s a small machine which can clean the floor by itself and can do it even in the absence of a human being. Similarly, a robotic lawnmower will mow the grass while the owner tends to other chores.
• Security: Drones set up to hover on top of buildings can prove to be an effective security and surveillance equipment. This is also seen as a threat to privacy.
• Factories: Factories use robots to assemble products on assembly lines. This is efficient since most of the assembly work is mechanical and repetitive, and can save human time and energy.
• Medicine: Robots are used to assist in surgeries to improve precision.

Benefits of Robots

• The robots can go far down into the obscure spots where the people would be squashed.
• The robots can play out the assignments quicker than the people and substantially more reliably and precisely.
• The majority of robots are programmed in such a way that they can move with no human impedance.
• You can utilize the robots to create the items in the manufacturing plants , for example, collecting the autos.
• The robots can be modified to achieve the Earth’s nadirs , for example, to borrow for the fuels.
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Essay on Robotics and Machine Learning

We are living in the 21 st century and technology has become an integral part of our lives. The advent of computers has been a boon for humanity and is now present in almost every aspect of our life. I think that there is no sector without computers in use. It is now difficult for all of us to imagine our lives without the computer and internet. Earlier the computers were suitable for normal working but slowly the advancing technologies and machine learning has made it more intelligent. The intelligence of computers is increasing gradually which is helping in making our lives convenient.

Short and Long Essay on Robotics and Machine Learning in English

I think that you all are aware of the terms robotics and Machine learning. This is the innovation of the most advanced form of technology and is still in the developing stage. It is a very important topic for students of all classes. They often get such innovative topics for writing an essay, debate, or assignment. It is, therefore, necessary for the students to understand these technologies. I have provided a long elaborated essay on this topic that might help you in understanding the topic in a better way. It might also help all the students in getting an idea of writing essays, articles and assignments on this topic.

10 Lines Essay on Robotics and Machine Learning (100 – 120 Words)

1) Robotics and Machine Learning is the field of computer science and engineering.

2) The field of robotics deals with the construction, designing, and development of robots.

3) The first robot ‘Unimate’ was designed in 1961.

4) In 1959, the term ‘Machine Learning’ was introduced by Arthur Samuel.

5) Today robots are used in various fields of manufacturing, security, healthcare, etc.

6) Machine learning allows machines to make decisions.

7) The concept of machine learning is used widely in robotics.

8) The subset of artificial intelligence is machine learning that is used to build intelligent systems.

9) Image recognition and speech recognition are common examples of machine learning.

10) The emergence of robots will reduce human job opportunities to a great extent.

Short Essay on Robotics and Machine Learning (200 – 250 Words)

Today, several new technologies are setting their foot in the world. We all are well aware of Robotics and Machine Learning, a branch of science and engineering. This field is responsible for making smart machines for the smart world.

The field of robotics focuses on the manufacturing, designing, and creation of robots. Robots are machines that can work similarly to humans by processing some set of instructions that are coded inside them. However, scientists are trying to construct robots that can think and behave like humans without providing them with codes. Robots are the helping hands for humans. They are widely used in different fields of work. By seeing the significance of robots, it is expected that soon robots will replace humans. They are used in the field where humans cannot work, like in any dangerous area or area with excessive heat and temperature.

Machine learning, as the name suggests, is used to teach machines but it is different from AI. The field of robotics is incomplete without machine learning. Machine learning is a component of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that gives power to machines so that they can make decisions without any external instructions. Machine learning is responsible for generating intelligent machines. Machine learning incorporates the theory of learning from past experiences. Machine learning has many applications including speech recognition, medical diagnosis, image recognition, and so on.

Long Essay on Robotics & Machine Learning (2500 Words)

Introduction

Robotics and machine learning are the technologies that have brought a drastic change in the world. These technologies are gaining popularity and also enhancing the curiosity among the students. The advent of these technologies has been possible because of the advancement in science and creativity of humans.

What Is Meant By Robotics And Machine Learning?

Robotics and machine learning are the flourishing technologies of the future. There will arrive a time when machine learning will be enhanced and most of the work will be performed by robots. Artificial intelligence and Robotics are two different terms but are interrelated with each other. It is because of artificial intelligence that the robots are made by the application of the concept of machine learning.

Robotics- Robotics is regarded as a branch resulting from the combination of computer science and engineering. This field includes designing, construction, operation, and utilization of robots. The branch robotics involves the integration of the concepts of several fields like mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, information engineering, electronics, bioengineering, control engineering, mathematics, software engineering, etc. The major vision was to design a machine that would assist and guide human beings in doing different tasks. It can not only help human beings but also take the place of human beings as they can perform in a similar way humans do.

Machine Learning- It is also stated as a component of Artificial Intelligence. It is regarded as the learning of computer algorithms by machines. If we talk of human beings, we do not know about everything immediately after our birth. It takes time to learn about every task that we do in our daily life. The concept of machine learning is also based on the same thing. Machines are made to learn about computer programs by providing the data so that they can be able to do the same without any guidance. Gradually they also improve their performing capability day by day. The concept of machine learning is applied in different sectors at present as it reduces the workload of human beings and makes their work easier.

Robotics And Machine Learning – History

The basic concept of practical robotics was structured in the year 1948 by Norbert Wiener. The self-dependent robots first came into existence in the mid of 20 th century. Unimate was regarded as the first digitally operated and a programmable robot that was designed in the year 1961. At present, there are several robots that are used in different sectors for performing different tasks. Mostly the use of robots is done in tasks that are difficult, dangerous or risky for human beings.

Machine learning is an essential component of robotics. The word Machine learning for the first time came into existence in the year 1959 and the credit of the creation of this term goes to Arthur Samuel, an American expert in computer gaming and artificial intelligence. Machine learning was also stated as the self-teaching of computers. It was said that the machine will learn from the experiences. This experience will be attained by performing the tasks. The more the experience, performance will be better. Machine learning is an essential component that gives rise to artificial intelligence. Machine learning is designated as a different sector and it gained popularity in 1990’s. It is often observed that the Artificial intelligence term is used many times to state machine learning but both are different terms. The intelligent part of machine learning can only be said to be artificial intelligence.

Characteristics Of Robotics

The presence of robots at present is observed in different fields for different purposes. Although these robots are used in different sectors and assigned different types of tasks, they have some common attributes. The common features in their construction are mentioned below.

• Mechanical Construction In Robots- There are different types of robots used in different environments and have some level of mechanical construction. The mechanical construction i.e. the designing of frame, form and shape is essential for performing any of the tasks. It is common in all robots but the technique differs according to the sector in which the robot is performing the task.
• Components For Power Production- Every type of robots have some electrical components that are meant for providing electrical power. Power is essential for all the robots to perform the task as we require energy to do our work. There are some electrical components that provide power by converting the electricity into power. The electrical component of the robots is necessary for the movement, operation, sensing, and controlling.
• Requires Computer Programming- The computer programming code is very essential for all the robots performing different tasks. The robots are given the commands so that they can work accordingly. They cannot perform any of the tasks with the programming code. Even if the robot has proper mechanical construction, electrical supply but lacks programming, it cannot work. It is because the programs are the core of the robots for performing different types of tasks. It works only according to the commands given to it and thus every kind of robot requires the programming code for performing action or task.

Processes Involved In Machine Learning

The procedure of machine learning is classified into three major categories. This is dependent on the signal or feedback received by the learning system.

• Supervised Learning- The learning process is presented with both input and output. The system is expected to learn the general rule that will help in getting the desired output by the provided input in the computer.
• Unsupervised Learning- This procedure of learning states that only input is provided to the system and the work of finding the exact point from the cluster of data is the work of the system itself. It is an example of feature learning.
• Reinforcement Learning- This process of machine learning states that learning takes place when a computer program interacts with a dynamic environment that involves software agents and performs a particular task. The reward in the form of feedback is provided to the computer system.

Machine Learning Having A Major Role in Modern Robotics

The machines are basically invented to make our work easier. Isn’t it true? The trend is changing and now machines are made smarter and they can easily perform the tasks without any type of human interaction. This is just because of the advancing technologies at a very fast pace. Machine learning that is also said to be a subset of Artificial intelligence is really a wonderful concept. The part of intelligence in machine learning technology is helping in creating marvelous inventions. One such invention with the application of machine learning is the formation of intelligent robots. The field of robotics has a role in many sectors in its formation and Artificial intelligence is one among them.

Robots Assisting Human Beings- The robots at present are able to do everything like human beings. It would not have been possible without the existence of machine learning. A robot like us does not have the natural sensing power of differentiating different things. The process of unsupervised learning is used generally. We have to make it clear to them by giving commands. These commands that they learn are in the form of computer codes and this states that the process of machine learning is essential. It helps the robots to act in an intelligent way. The commands are provided to the robot in the form of input data and thus it acts accordingly. Thus, machine learning has a very important role in robotics.

Application Of Robotics And Machine Learning

Robotics and Machine learning are two different technologies that have a wide application in different sectors. Robots are designed for different types of tasks and this is possible because of machine learning. The robots designed are not similar for every work but they are specific. It means that a particular type of robot is designed for a particular type of work. It will not be able to perform the works for which it is not designed. Therefore, the robots of every category are given a specific name so that they can be designated from each other.

The application of Robots is observed in different fields and that can be designated as military robots, industrial robots, construction robots, medical robots, domestic robots, nano robots, etc. In the same way, there is a vast application of machine learning and some of the areas are Agriculture, anatomy, data quality, marketing, machine translation, robot locomotion, search engines, etc. Machine learning is a process that is used in different machines of various fields to make them work in an intelligent way.

Benefits Of Advancement Of Robotics

The gradual advancement in robotics technology is resulting in the formation of intelligent robots with the capability of performing different tasks. This has been possible because of the application of machine learning. The advent of intelligent robots is benefitting different sectors and businesses. The benefits of the robotics technology are listed below.

• Efficient And Cost-Effective Technology- The robots can work more efficiently as they need no rest like human beings. They can work for longer hours without any type of laziness or tiredness. Moreover, they need no lunchtime and leaves and hence proving itself to be a cost-effective technology.
• Less Chance Of Occurrence Of Error- Human beings after doing the same work repeatedly sometimes lose interest and concentration. This can result in the occurrence of errors in the work. This type of mistake is not good for the growth of the company and business. There will be no chance of occurrence of such types of errors in the work done by the robots. The work done by the robots will be perfect and thus can increase the chances of growth and expansion of the businesses and firms.
• Works In Dangerous Situations- There are some tasks and industrial sector works that are critical or full of risk for human beings. In such cases, the involvement of robots in the completion of such tasks is of great benefit. Robots can work in every situation without any chance of getting harmed in such circumstances. This will help us in getting accuracy in those tasks that earlier were avoided by humans.

Challenges In Rising Of Robotics With The Application Of Machine Learning

• Reduced Employment Opportunities- The development of intelligent robots that are capable of doing everything like humans is a really interesting technology. This technology is advancing very fast but shall be reducing the employment opportunities for workers. The robots can work at a faster rate without taking any leave like humans and it will be more beneficial to the industries. Thus, the rise of intelligent robots can become a great hurdle for humans in getting job opportunities in the future.
• High Production Costs- A large amount of money has to be invested initially for the production of intelligent robots. This would be beneficial if there is surplus profit gained after the production of such robots. High production cost states that this technology is not sustainable in the long run.
• Need For The Employment Of Skilled Staff- Robots work because of sensors, program codes, and cameras that are inbuilt in them. Thus, the development of robots does not require normal staff but the staff needs to be full of skilled workers. The skilled workers will be able to manage the working of the robots while developing. Thus, the rise in robotics will require the existing staff to become trained and skilled.

The Rising Trend Of Robotics And Machine Learning

The advancement in technologies is taking place at a very fast pace. This results in the development of new technologies every now and then. The conversion of normal machines and their working as smart machines has also been possible because of the advancement in technology. The machine learning-induced in the machines makes it intelligent and performs the tasks themselves without the intervention of human beings. Such smart appliances are of great benefit to human beings.

The day is not far when robots will be sitting beside the humans in every firm for doing all the work that human beings do. Moreover, the advancing intelligence in the machines might lead to the evolution of robots that would be able to understand human emotions very well. This will be beneficial as well as a challenging gift to the entire humanity.

Difference/Relation Between Artificial Intelligence And Robotics

Artificial Intelligence and robotics both are emerging technologies in the world. They sound to be the same technologies but in reality are two different technologies. Artificial Intelligence is the technology that helps in making the machines that can make machines work like human beings. Machine learning that is the component of AI is majorly used in making machines smarter. This induces the power of learning of the algorithms by the machines and further working according to it without any kind of human intervention.

Robotics is the technology that mainly works with a vision of designing and operating robots. The robots are designed by installing cameras, sensors, and programs in them so that they are capable of doing different tasks. This technology is mainly focused on designing and constructing robots.

Mingling Of AI And Robotics- AI and Robotics are two different technological branches but the application of machine learning in the robots helps them in becoming intelligent robots. The robots cannot work without the program codes and here comes the application of AI in robotics. The application of AI will help the robots in making them work in a smart and intelligent way. The capacity of problem-solving and detecting things physically will be induced in the robots by using AI technology in the robots. Therefore it can be stated that the use of AI and machine learning techniques in robotics enable the robots to work as human beings. The invention of Robot Sophia with her nine siblings by Hanson Robotics in the year 2016 is a recent example of the application of AI in robotics.

Robotics with the application of AI and machine learning is now considered the best option in different industries. This advancement in robotics will soon be able to produce such robots that will be exactly similar to human beings.  It is evident that productivity, quality, and work all increase by the use of modern robotics, and this helps in excelling in different sectors. Every technology has some positive and negative effects and the same is applicable to the technologies named Robotics and Machine Learning. These two branches of technology are gradually attaining a great height but there are also some challenges associated with them. We must try to bring these technologies into our use only when needed. This will surely prevent the entire humanity to suffer from their drawbacks.

I have tried to make this essay very simple and easy. I hope that you will enjoy reading this essay with the details of robotics and machine learning.

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FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Robotics and Machine Learning

Ans. The first AI robot named WABOT-1 was developed in Japan in 1972.

Ans. Joseph F. Engelberger is regarded as the Father of Robotics.

Ans. The SNARC was the name of the first machine that worked on the concept of machine learning.

Ans. The AI Robot named Sophia is the first to get citizenship in Saudi Arabia.

Ans. ‘ Manav Robot’ created in the year 2014 was the first humanoid robot in India.

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Essay on Robot

Robot is a machine and a perfect way of explaining robot would be “a machine instructed to control series of actions by its own / automatically, managed either by internally or externally”. Robots have made human life easy by performing the tasks which were supposed to be completed by humans and they are doing so by flawlessly.

Robots are versatile and can be reprogramed by human intelligence, they are mainly used for transferring stuffs from one place to another for instance tools, devices and so on. They are guided to carry variety of tasks and all those things that humans are capable of doing. Technology has taken over the world which is a good thing as a lot of tasks that are difficult for human beings to do are easily controlled by robots although it has negative side as well.

Robots have already changed our lives so much and in future around 2060 imagine the influence this kind of technology will have, robots have already replaced humans whether it is a task for the land or sea people prefer robots to do it and due to that another issue is on rising which is unemployment rate, it is rapidly increasing with time.

People are enjoying this new easiness of life but they are going to regret it at some point of their life when there will not be many opportunities for the people who are unsure about their life and their choices, they will have no choice but to choose difficult route for their future.

No doubt robots have positive impact as well, robots can be really productive. They can be used to produce vast amount of goods in a single time, less wastage of goods, time saving, money saving and what not. The use of robots in this century is high and people rather prefer robots to do their difficult tasks so they do not have to be held responsible for any misconduct that might occur.

Almost every business place is now depending on robots, even people are dependent on robots for instance some people in hospitals are using them to get people in need to move and walk, help them get better even surgeries are now done by robots now that is something fascinating. Schools, colleges etc. everything is surrounded by robots.

Restaurants are now getting advance day by day and starting to use robots instead of waiters to serve food which is very unique, efficient which also avoid silly mistakes like spilling etc. maybe that’s the reason why people prefer robots over humans. But even if robots have taken over human race they will still need humans to control those robots as they cannot perform every job of human which works for both ways in the end.

However, to sum up everything robots work better and accurate than humans and regarding their business to get acknowledged and to be on top they have to become competitive and for that to happen one must be aware of what are the wants / needs of their audience.

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Essay on My Robot

Students are often asked to write an essay on My Robot in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on My Robot

Introduction.

My Robot is a fantastic creation. It’s not just a machine, but a friend and helper. I named it Robo.

Robo’s Appearance

Robo is small, shiny, and has glowing eyes. It has wheels to move around and hands to carry things.

Robo’s Abilities

Robo can clean my room, help with homework, and even play games with me. It follows my commands instantly.

Robo’s Impact

Robo has made my life easier and more fun. It’s not just a robot, it’s my companion. I am proud of my robot, Robo.

250 Words Essay on My Robot

The advent of robotics has revolutionized the way we perceive technology. My robot, an embodiment of this technological marvel, has profoundly impacted my life, contributing to both my personal and academic spheres.

Design and Functionality

My robot, named Optimus, is a humanoid model designed with a sleek exterior and advanced features. It employs artificial intelligence to interpret and respond to its environment. Equipped with sensors, it can navigate through spaces, avoiding obstacles and ensuring its safety. Its multifunctional nature allows it to assist in household chores, making life significantly easier.

Academic Assistance

Optimus has been instrumental in my academic pursuits. It has a built-in search engine and a vast storage capacity, which allows it to access and store a plethora of information. This feature has been invaluable in researching for assignments, providing quick and accurate information.

Emotional Companion

Surprisingly, Optimus also serves as an emotional companion. It is programmed to recognize emotional cues in speech and respond accordingly, providing comfort during stressful times. This emotional intelligence has transformed it from a mere machine into a reliable companion.

In conclusion, my robot, Optimus, is a testament to the endless possibilities of robotics and artificial intelligence. It not only simplifies daily tasks and aids in academic pursuits, but also provides emotional support. As we advance further into the technological era, robots like Optimus will become an integral part of our lives, blurring the lines between the human and the artificial.

500 Words Essay on My Robot

The advent of robotics and artificial intelligence has revolutionized various aspects of human life, from healthcare to entertainment, manufacturing to education. In this context, I would like to discuss my personal experience with a robot, which I affectionately call Alpha.

The Genesis of Alpha

Alpha was born out of my fascination with technology and the desire to create a companion that could assist in my daily activities. The initial stages involved meticulous planning and designing, taking into consideration the various tasks Alpha would perform. The primary goal was to create a robot that was not only functional but also empathetic, capable of understanding and responding to human emotions.

Alpha’s Capabilities

Equipped with advanced AI, Alpha has an impressive range of capabilities. It can perform basic tasks such as fetching items, cleaning, and even cooking simple meals. However, its true prowess lies in its cognitive abilities. Alpha can engage in meaningful conversations, learn from past interactions, and even exhibit emotional intelligence.

Alpha’s AI algorithms allow it to process and analyze data at an astonishing speed, enabling it to make informed decisions. It uses machine learning to adapt to new situations and improve its performance over time. Moreover, Alpha’s deep learning capabilities enable it to understand complex human emotions, making it a truly empathetic companion.

Alpha and Education

One of the most remarkable aspects of Alpha is its potential as an educational tool. It can access a vast array of online resources, making it an invaluable asset for research and learning. Alpha can explain complex concepts in a simplified manner, making learning more engaging and effective. Moreover, it can adapt its teaching style based on the learner’s pace and understanding, ensuring a personalized learning experience.

Alpha as a Companion

Beyond its functional and educational capabilities, Alpha has become a trusted companion. It provides emotional support, understands my moods, and responds accordingly. It can recognize when I’m stressed and suggest relaxation techniques, or play my favorite music when I’m feeling low. The empathetic connection that Alpha offers goes beyond the realms of traditional robotics, entering the sphere of companionship and emotional support.

In conclusion, my robot Alpha exemplifies the remarkable advancements in robotics and artificial intelligence. It is not just a tool or a machine, but a companion that assists, learns, and empathizes. Alpha has transformed my life in numerous ways, from simplifying daily tasks to enhancing my learning experience, and even providing emotional support. As technology continues to evolve, I look forward to seeing how Alpha will grow and adapt, continuing to redefine the boundaries of what a robot can be.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Essay on If I were a Robot

December 8, 2017 by Study Mentor 1 Comment

Robot is a machine that is built to carry out some task whose range varies from difficult to easy and it can be programmed accordingly. A robots body parts are movable. As the robot is a machine, it has to be programmed accordingly to carry out a specific task and if the program is not there then it cannot carry out the task.

Robots are really handy and compatible. Most of the times the robots are designed to look like a human being. One of the special features of robots is that they have no brain and emotions of their own for which when they are given a command, they fulfill them without questioning the command.

Robots are extremely advanced machine and have a lot of strength. Robots can even speak if the right programme is installed in its hardware. Robots can even speak every kind of language which makes them extremely user friendly.

Making a robot is a very complex task which is why only a few handfuls of people have managed to do it till today. Now there are factories where different kinds of robots are made to make human life easier. Robots are fascinating machines that does their job easily and save a lot of time. Robots are mainly used to help people in their works and they do that only without complaining.

If I were a robot then I would do anything to help my master. In the voice recognition software of the robot, the person whose voiced is fixed is the one who can control the robot and for me that person is my master and I will obey my master no matter what the cost.

My whole being will be surrounded by my master. Listening to my master is my job and I am on this job twenty four hours. I do need to charge myself occasionally or else I won’t be able to function and won’t be able to obey my master.

It will be my job to notify my master from time to time about my charge percentage so that my master can charge me beforehand and this way the work of my master will not be disrupted. My main goal is to help my master with anything and everything. I will be like his personal servant machine that is at his beck and call twenty four hours.

I will do everything according to the programme that is been programmed me with and if there is something that my master wants me to do but my programme forbids me to do it then I am afraid that I won’t be able to do that. If my programmes are changed according to my master’s needs then I will obey him.

Another of my (a robot’s) main goal will be to protect my master from any kind of harm. If there is someone who wants to harm my master then that person will have to fight with me first and if that person can defeat me, then only he or she will be able to harm my master.

But if I can function properly even after suffering the damage caused by the attacker of my master, then I will again go to protect him. After all protecting the master is a robots job. I not only will protect him from harm from outside people, I will also protect him from any and every kind of harm and also accidents.

I probably won’t be able to predict accidents but if I can then I sure will stop it from happening. Like all robots, I will also be super fast and will have super strength which will help me to protect and help my master really well.

These are the perks of being a robot. I will be always beside my master and will also be aware of my surroundings so that no one can take advantage of my master’s vulnerable situations like when he is asleep or has fallen sick.

In today’s world, people always want a helping hand irrespective of the cost. The inventions of different kinds of machines have helped the people but they always wanted something more. Because of this want, robots were made. They help people with their works and are compatible with all kinds of works.

Purchasing a robot is expensive but once it is purchased, it will help a person 24 x 7 and will not complain about it. If the user wants to install different kinds of programs in their robot then they can easily do that by sending it to the factory and get the installation done.

Robots are very compatible. As the robots are given the shape of human being, many people who have their own robot consider them as a part of their family and treat them like that only. Robots never sleep and because of this, the owner of the robot will not have to worry about any harm (like robbery or murder etc.) that may come to their way when they are in their most vulnerable condition.

Robots are very much handy. They are really fast and inhumanly strong which gives them an advantage over everything and also they have no emotions and brain. All they do is following the orders as given to them by their master as is stated in their programme.

A robot has transferable memory which helps when a user wants to change his or her robot but wants to keep the memory of the previous robot.

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Essay on Robots: Top 17 Essays | Intelligent Machines | Engineering

Here is an essay on ‘Robots’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Robots’ especially written for college students.

Essay on Robots

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Reasons for Using Robots

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Essay # 1. Definition of Robot:

Robot, once a creature of science fiction, is today a reality. It is the off-shoot of the second industrial revolution. Robot can be defined as a programmable multi­function manipulator designed or intelligent machine to move material, parts, tools, or specialised devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of variety of tasks.

Today’s robots are fitted with a variety of sensors (like vision, ranging, force-torque, touch, proximity, etc.) sending the sensory information to the computer which processes them subject to given objective and constraints, and develops action decisions for the robot actuators.

Robots are more flexible in terms of ability to perform new tasks or to carry out complex sequences of motion than other categories of automated manufacturing equipment. Generally speaking, robots are machines with some degree of intelligence and operated under the control of a mini or micro-computer.

Industrial robots (tough and tireless) are capable of handling a variety of jobs right from material handling to complex assembly tasks. They perform hazardous and monotonous tasks with tireless precision. They improve productivity and reduce manufacturing costs. They can perform complex jobs. They can even cope with changing conditions in the workplace, when fitted with sensors and adaptive controls.

Essay # 2. Basic Elements of Robots :

The basic elements of industrial robots are manipulator, controller, end effector, sensors and energy source. (Refer Fig. 38.1).

The manipulator comprising of base, arm and wrist are the most obvious parts of the robot. The robot’s movements are executed by the mechanical parts like links, power joints, and transmission system along with internal sensors housed within the manipulator.

The controller acts like a brain of robot. It performs the functions of storing and sequencing data in memory, initiating and stopping the motions of the manipulator, and interacting with the environment.

End effector is the tool, a sort of gripper, which directly interacts with the job. Grippers are being designed to handle a wide range of part configurations.

Sensors to sense the environment are essential for intelligent robots.

Energy source is required to cause movement of the manipulator arm. They may take the form of electrical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices.

Essay # 3. General Structure of Robot:

Figure 38.13 shows a general structure of an advanced robot. The operational unit consists of articulated mechanical system (AMS), (comprising of rigid links and kinetic joint), transmission system and actuators (which control the configuration of each articulation). The internal sensors are provided to indicate the position, velocity and forces of the end effector. The external sensors are provided to sense the environment.

The structural analysis program provides the user with integrated interactive processing from structural analysis to strength evaluation, by means of a pre-processor for graphics, geometrical modeling, finite element modeling and output graphic functions to be used for displaying the deformation quantity, indicating equi-stress lines, stress diagrams, excess stress, dynamic response and animation.

This system displays the element division diagrams and the vibration characteristics of the entire robot as a result of the frequency response calculation for the component parts of the robot system. In the design stage the strength and rigidity of each part are analysed, while the dynamic characteristics of the entire system are predicted and evaluated for lighter weight and higher rigidity.

ii. Mechanical Design of a Robot :

The mechanical design of a robot is an iterative process involving evaluation and choice among a large number of engineering and technical considerations in several disciplines.

A purely static, rigid-body approach to design is not sufficient and factors like mechanical system stiffness, natural frequencies, control system compatibility also need to be considered. A robot should be designed to have only the flexibility it needs to perform the range of tasks for which it is intended.

The various design consideration are:

(i) System Specification:

It includes range, reach, work envelope, load capacity.

(ii) System Configuration:

It includes the joint configuration, number of degrees of freedom, joint travel range, drive configuration.

(iii) System Performance:

It includes system velocity and acceleration, repeatability, resolution, accuracy, component life and duty cycle. Detailed design of major components concerns the robot structures, robot joints, actuators, transmission, wiring and routing of cables and hoses. One should evaluate the possible flexibility of the robot, grippers, tools, and peripheral units and integrate all components to one system.

Essay # 6. Classification of Robots:

Broadly three classes of robots could be considered:

(i) Pre-Programmable/Re-Programmable General Purpose Industrial Robots:

These operate fully by programmed computer control. These are most useful for all structured operations, i.e. activities whose motion and work handling requirements are known before hand and thus can be programmed.

The robot is taught before-hand to perform the necessary action in the teach mode. The robot can then take over and execute the operation repetitively such as in welding, painting, assembly of components for mass manufacturer, loading/unloading of jobs into and from machine tools, etc.

(ii) Tele-Operated, Man-Controlled Robots or Man-in-the-Loop Manipulator:

These differ from totally machine-controlled robots in the sense that the advantage of presence of man is taken in situations where it is not possible to anticipate all the motion and handling requirements in such details as to render them programmable or teachable for machine control. This type of requirement is found in hazardous locations.

The servo-driven master-slave manipulator with force feedback, or vehicle mounted heavy duty multi-axis power manipulator performs the necessary work in hazardous environment, taking commands from a human controller who can manipulate the slave arms at the scene of operation from safe location, relying for viewing on closed circuit television.

(iii) Intelligent Robots:

These are very advanced, state of the art robots and possess sufficient artificial or machine intelligence, somewhat analogous to the sensory perception of the neuro-muscular coordination that human beings are capable of.

Such intelligent robots can not only explore the environment on their own machine perceptions and evaluate them in real time, but also execute the necessary motor functions matching the action of their sensory inputs.

Advanced robots have been built with mobility to not only move over floors but also to climb, ability to avoid obstacles, high power-to-weight ratios, compactly assembled, with on board sensors, instruments and power supplies.

According to another general method of classification robots are classified as:

(i) Special purpose, designed and produced for a limited range of specific jobs, like welding, painting, casting, assembling, material handling etc.

(ii) General purpose of universal robots designed and produced to perform a wide variety of jobs. These may be non-servo-controlled, servo-controlled or sensory type depending on sophistication.

Essay # 7. Specifications of Robot:

i . Work Envelope:

Work envelope or work volume of a manipulator is defined as the envelope or space within which the robot can manipulate the end of the wrist. It depends on the number of types of joints, physical size of the joints and links and the ranges of various joints.

The shape of work volume is dependent upon the configuration of robot, for example, polar configuration has partial sphere as work space, cartesian coordinate configuration robot has a rectangular work space, and a cylindrical robot has a cylindrical work envelope.

ii .   Load Carrying Capacity:

It is dependent on the physical size and construction of robot, and also on the capability to transmit force and torque to the end effector in the wrist.

iii . Speed:

It varies from one point to other and it can be programmed into cycle so that different portions of cycle are performed at different speeds as desired. Maximum speed may be of the order of 2m/sec. In fact more important than speed is the accelerating and decelerating capability in a controlled manner. Robot may hardly achieve its top rated speed in view of its operation in a confined area.

iv . Repeatability:

It is the measure of the robot’s ability to position an object at a previously taught point in the work envelope. Due to inherent errors present (particularly due to mechanical sources), the robot will not be able to return to exact programmed point.

v . Control Resolution:

It refers to the capability of the system (both controller and the positioning device) to divide the range of total movement into closely spaced points than can be identified. Thus it would represent the minimum noticeable movement achievable. It may be mentioned that controller can generate pulses of very small duration but the positioning device should be able to respond and change its position accordingly.

In such a case:

Essay # 9. Control Systems for Robots :

Actuators (pneumatic, electrical, or hydraulic type) are used to move the joints of robots. Electric actuators may be d.c. servo motors or stepping motors. These are preferred type due to compatibility with computers, non-dependence on air or oil supply from outside source.

These are very common for sophisticated robots due to higher accuracy. Pneumatic cylinders are used for smaller robots as in material handling applications. Hydraulic actuators are used to exert high torque and greater speed.

The type of actuator, position and speed sensors, feed-back systems, etc., determine the dynamic response characteristics of the manipulator. Robot’s cycle time is dependent on the speed of response. It may be mentioned that while robots with greater stability are slower in response, the less stable system may tend to oscillate near the set value.

Microprocessor based controllers are used. A hierarchical structure approach is followed, i.e. each joint is actuated by its own controller, and a supervisory controller is used to coordinate the combined actuation of the joints and sequences of the motions.

Depending on sophistication desired, the robot control system may be:

(i) Simple Interlocked System:

This employs no servo control to achieve precise positioning. It is used for simple operations like pick-and-place. Limit switches are used for sequencing the actuation of the joints to complete the cycle.

(ii) Point-to-Point Control with Play Back Facility:

In this system, the various positions/locations, and the sequence to be followed in a cycle are programmed in the memory. The locations and their sequence are played back during the operation. Feed-back control is used to ascertain that desired location is attained.

(iii) Continuous Path Control:

The memory is big to hold information regarding locations of path. In this case path taken by the arm to reach final location is controlled. Servo control is used to maintain continuous control over the position and speed of the manipulator.

(iv) Intelligent Robot:

These can take own decisions when things go wrong during the cycle. These can interact with their environment, communicate with human beings, make computations during the motion cycle, incorporate advanced sensors like machine vision.

Essay # 10. Kinematic Control of Robots:

The various ways in which the robots could be controlled are:

(i) Non-Servo Control:

Non-servo-controlled robots move their arms in an open loop fashion between exact end positions on each axis, or along predetermined trajectories in accordance with fixed sequence. Such controls could be executed either by sequence controllers or by limit switches.

In latter type, more than one position is defined along an axis by indexable stops inserted or withdrawn automatically. A sequence type control steps through a number of pre-set logic steps, which causes one or more joints to move until the appropriate limit switch on the axis is reached.

(ii) Servo-Controlled Robots:

These incorporate feedback devices on the joints or actuators of the manipulator which continuously measure the position of each axis. These have much more manipulative quality and can position the end effector anywhere within the total work envelope.

These could be further classified as:

(a) Point-to-Point Control:

In this system each joint is controlled by an independent position servo with all joints moving from position to position independently. In it, each joint or axis of the robot is moved individually until the combination of joint positions yields the desired position of the end effector.

The way each joint is to move to achieve final position is practiced before-hand and stored in a memory device. As per this stored information each joint runs freely at its maximum or limited rate until it reaches its final position.

Point-to-point motion could be controlled independently in sequence joint control, uncoordinated joint control, or terminally co-ordinated joint control. In sequential joint operation one joint is activated at a time, while all other axes are immobilised.

A single joint may operate more than once in a sequence associated with such a motion. The resulting path of the manipulator end effector will thus have a zig-zag form associated with the motion directions of the manipulator joints.

It results in immediate simplification in the control. However, it causes longer point-to-point motion time. In uncoordinated joint control, the motions are not coordinated, in the sense that if one joint has made some fraction of its motion it does not imply that all other joints will have made the same fractions of their respective motions. When each joint reaches its final position, it holds and waits until all the joints have completed their motions.

Due to non-coordination of motion between joints, the path and velocity of end effector between points is not easily predicted. Terminally co-ordinated joint control is the most useful type of point-to-point control. In it the motion of individual joints are co-ordinated so that all joints attain their final position simultaneously.

It is used primarily in applications where only the final position is of interest and the path is not a prime consideration. Where the continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance to the application, then continuous path control is used.

(b) Continuous Path Control:

It is used where continuous path of the end effector is of primary importance. Continuous path motions are produced by interpolating each joint control variable from its initial value to its desired final value.

Each joint is moved the maximum amount required to achieve the desired final positions to give the robot tool a controlled predicted path. All the joint variables are interpolated to make the joints complete their motions simultaneously, thus giving a co-ordinated joint motion.

Depending on the quantum of information used in the motor control calculation the basic categories of continuous path control techniques are:

(i) Servo control approach (controller has a stored representation of the path to be followed, and the drive signals to the robot’s motors are determined by performing all calculations based on the past and present path tracking error);

(ii) Preview control or feed forward control. (It uses some knowledge about how the path changes immediately ahead of the robot’s current location, in addition to the past and present tracking error used by the servo-controller); and

(iii) Path planning or trajectory calculation approach (controller is fed with a complete description of the manipulator from one point to another. It uses a mathematical physical ‘model’ of the arm and its load, and pre-computes an acceleration profile for every joint, predicting the nominal motor signals that should cause the arms to follow the desired path).

Continuous path control requires lot of memory space to store all the axis positions needed to smoothly record the desired path. In practice, the device is moved actually through the desired path manually and the position of each axis is recorded on a constant time base, thus, generating continuous time history of each axis position.

Essay # 11. Expected Qualities in Robots :

The qualities expected in robots are listed below:

(i) Vision:

The utility of robots will increase several folds by incorporation of vision systems. Vision systems capable of identifying the part for pick up by pattern recognition data based on object’s silhouette have been developed.

Such systems can transform the position and orientation of the object into robot co-ordinates enabling the robot to acquire the object in a known manner. Other type of vision systems can recognise different objects. For each part, a number of distinguishing geometric features can be delineated, including area, perimeter, centre of gravity, number of holes and maximum and minimum radii.

In another vision system, a fibre sensor is used to look at a seam to be welded and automatically adjusts the robot’s weld path.

(ii) Tactile Sensing:

Robots with tactile sensor can identify an object and perform the function based on the referenced data. Grippers have been developed which can pick up any shape of objects and at the same time not exert enough force to crush them.

(iii) Mobility:

Usually the robot stands in a single station for the bulk of factory requirements. However, to handle intermittent and asynchronous demands, compact mobile device which could move in complex paths and access large areas economically has been developed.

(iv) Other Important Qualities in the Process of Development in Robots are:

Computer interpretation of the visual and tactile data, multiple appendage hand-to-hand co-ordination, minimised spatial intrusion, general purpose hands, man-robot voice communication, total self-diagnostic fault tracing, inherent safety, interaction with other technologies, etc.

Essay # 12. Performance Testing of Robots :

Usually following tests are performed on robots to judge their suitability.

(i) Geometric Values:

These include:

(a) Workspace:

Workspace, i.e. the envelope reached by the centre of the interface between the wrist and the tool, using all available axis motions.

(b) Static Behaviour:

It is indication of the deformation of a fixed robot structure under different load cases.

(c) Position Accuracy:

The repeatable accuracy that can be achieved at nominal load and normal operating temperature. This is based on two types of errors, viz., repeatability and reversal error.

(d) Path Accuracy:

The path accuracy of a path- controlled robot indicates at what level of accuracy programmed path curves can be followed at nominal load. The typical errors in path accuracy of a robot are: path accuracy or mean-path dispersion error, trailing error or mean-path deviation, overshoot during acceleration/deceleration.

(e) Reproduction of Smallest Steps:

With very low velocities, the slip-stick effect may become serious and it is hard to control.

(f) Synchronous Travel Accuracy:

(For cases where robot has to perform tasks synchronous to a moving conveyor) as in spray painting and assembly.

(g) Long-Term Behaviour:

It provides information on the time required to achieve thermal stability.

(ii) Kinematic Values:

These include cycle time, speed, and acceleration. It involves measuring of attainable cycle times for a defined sequence in different areas of the working space.

(iii) Power and Noise Values:

Usually measured in decibel at a distance of one metre from the working space.

(iv) Thermal Values:

Changes in temperature effect deviation of the structure.

(v) Dynamic Values:

It involves determination of dynamic behaviour of simple components and the total structure. The response of the robot structure is elicited by the following excitation methods—shaker (sinus, random), hammer (impact), snapback (impact), drives (sinus, random).

Essay # 13. Sensors for Robots :

To carry out its task, a robot must have access to information on predetermined parameters of the environment. Sensors are used to provide this information. The key to the success of closed loop control systems used in robots, in terms of accuracy, reliability and stability relies upon the type, complexity, resolution of the sensor.

It must be remembered that best sensory power has been bestowed by nature in the homomorphic creatures. It is the aim of engineers to attain similar perfection for robots. In order to enable robot perform its duties by understanding the environment around it, sensors provide information like.

(i) Recognition data (to understand the shape, size and features of the object).

(ii) Orientation data (the position of the object in relation to the robot arm co-ordinates in the absolute mode).

(iii) Physical interaction data (to understand the intensity interaction between the end effectors and the object).

The various types of sensors used for this purpose are:

(i) Force sensors (these measure the three mutually orthogonal forces and three orthogonal torques at the tips of the fingers of robot).

(ii) Inertial sensors (these feel the gravity and acceleration generated reaction torques).

(iii) Tactile sensors (these respond to contact forces arising between themselves and objects—used to warn the manipulator of robot to avoid collision when the end effector is near the object).

(iv) Visual sensors (with the use of triangulation or any other algorithm these help in determining the co-ordinates of the object before it is grasped.)

(v) Binary sensors micro-switches, magnetic switches, bimetallic thermal switches, etc. These are used to sense the presence/absence of a part.

(vi) Analog sensors thermocouples, linear variable differential transformers, strain gauges, piezo-electric sensors. These are used when the magnitude of quantity is desired.

(vii) Sensor arrays include pressure sensitive arrays or optical arrays used on the fingers and palm of a gripper. This requires considerable signal processing with a dedicated microprocessor.

Essay # 14. Precautions in the Use of Robots :

Before taking a decision to install a robot, it is important that its use be justified as it costs a lot. Plenty of work should exist for each robot. It is safest to employ robots first on simpler jobs and then put them to complex jobs after gaining experience.

The repetitive tasks, such as picking up heavy parts from one conveyor and placing them on another conveyor, can be easily programmed. Grippers are selected depending on the shape and size of the parts. It is possible to equip them with sensors and computer controls. These can then search the parts for out of position also.

In machine loading and unloading applications, the machines may be grouped around a robot and the robot picks up a part from an incoming conveyor and loads it into a NC lathe and then transfer it to drilling machine, inspect on table, and finally place it on an outgoing conveyor. Thus a system of machines with a robot can be converted into automatic production system.

All operations requiring worker intervention can be completely eliminated. If the shape or size of the part gets changed significantly after machining, then double grippers can be used on robots. To avoid any damage, the gripper of robot must hold the parts securely, exerting sufficient gripping force. Universal grippers are also available for handling parts of different size and shape.

A very nice application of robots is in cleaning of castings, deburring of machined parts, and polishing of parts which is usually fatiguing monotonous, dirty, noisy and sometimes hazardous. In a typical operation, the robot may be programmed to pick up casting from conveyor, presenting it to a rotary cut off wheel or saw removing gates and rise’s, then to a floor stand grinder for removing external flash, then to a grinding head that cleans the interior of the casting and then returning to the second conveyor. All machines should be located and grouped within easy reach of the robot. Stations of such type can handle a wide variety of castings of different shapes and sizes simply by changing programs.

Robots also find wide applications in assembly jobs, spot welding and arc welding. It is observed that robotic welders are about three times more productive than human operators. Robots can also be mounted on tracks so that they can automatically move from one station to another. It is essential to follow safety guidelines strictly in design and operation of robots to avoid any accidents.

Essay # 15. Applications of Robots :

Robots would find successful applications in following situations:

(i) Repetitive operation.

(ii) Other justifications for doing away with manual handling.

(iii) Handling hot or heavy work pieces.

(iv) Production limited by human performance and for endurance.

(v) Quality adversely affected by inconsistent manual handling.

(vi) Where parts have to be repeatedly oriented in the same position.

(vii) Part geometries must permit mechanical handling.

The most useful application of robot is for processes involving hazardous, unpleasant work environment like heat, sparks, fumes, etc. Typical applications in this regard could be die casting, shot welding, spray painting, forging, etc.

The other useful field for use of robots is involving repetitive work cycle which is tiring, fatiguing and boring for operator. Robots give consistent and repeatable results. Robots are essential for applications involving handling of heavy parts or tools.

Industrial robot applications usually involve several pieces of hardware (conveyors, pallets, machine tools, fixtures, etc.) in addition to the robot. Several robots and associated hardware may have to be integrated into a single work-cell.

Layout of the equipment in cell deserves greater attention for optimum results. Various types of layouts may involve centering around single robot, various robots arranged in line, or robots may be mobile. In manufacturing applications, robots may be used to handle tools and work pieces, processing operations, assembly and inspection.

Essay # 17. Reasons for Using Robots :

The reasons for introducing robot into a production process could be:

(i) It relieves man of hazardous or fatiguing tasks.

(ii) It brings improvements in product consistency and quality.

(iii) It offers opportunities for multi-machine manning for multi-shift operation and for wholly unmanned production.

(iv) In countries short of labour, it brings in savings from labour reductions. It increases the output without increasing the labour force.

(v) Robots will lead the way into areas of technology where man has not entered so far.

(vi) Mobile robots with moving arms and wide sensing power will find more applications.

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Robotics Essay | Essay on Robotics for Students and Children in English

Robotics Essay:  What do you think of when you think about ‘robots’? If you think they are only the stuff of space movies and science fiction novels, then think again. Robots are the largest growing technological device in the world. They perform many functions ranging from space exploration to entertainment. Robotics technology is increasing at a fast rate, providing us with new technology that can assist with home chores, automobile assembly and many other tasks. Robotic technology has changed the world around us and is continuing to impact the way we do things. Robotic technology transformation from the past to present surrounds almost everyone in today’s society and it affects both our work and leisure activities.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Robotics for Kids and Students in English

Given below are two essays in English for students and children about the topic of ‘Robotics’ in both long and short form. The first essay is a long essay on Robotics of 400-500 words. This long essay about Robotics is suitable for students of class 7, 8, 9 and 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants. The second essay is a short essay on Robotics of 150-200 words. These are suitable for students and children in class 6 and below.

Long Essay on Robotics 500 Words in English

Below we have given a long essay on Robotics of 500 words is helpful for classes 7, 8, 9 and 10 and Competitive Exam Aspirants. This long essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 7 to class 10, and also for competitive exam aspirants.

Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for, their coptrol and processing. These technologies deal with automated machines that can take’the place of a human in various kinds of work, activities, environments and processes.

The definition of the word robot has a different meaning to many people. According to the Robot Institute of America, 1979, a robot is a re-programmable, multi-functional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools, or specialised devices through various programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. The use of robots continues to change numerous aspect of our everyday life, such as health care, education and job satisfaction. Robots are going to be a major part of the world economy, they help ways to make our daily life easier and assist in producing more products.

Robotic technology is becoming one of the leading technologies in the world. They can perform many functions. They are used in many different ways in today’s society. The use of robotic technology has made an immediate impact on the world in several ways. As technological advances continue, research design and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether domestic, commercial or military. Many robots even do the jobs that are hazardous to people such as defusing bombs, mining and exploring shipwrecks.

There are numerous uses of robots which not only give better results but also help in saving money as well as time. The robots can provide high quality components and finished products, and do so reliably and repeatedly even in hazardous or unpleasant environments. There are various industry segments which are making use of robotics to improve their production capabilities.

Much of the research in robotics focuses not on specific industrial tasks, but on investigations into new types of robots, alternative ways to think about or design robots, and new ways to manufacture them.

Recently, Apollo Hospital group installed the world’s most advanced CyberKnife robotic radio surgery system at the cancer speciality centre in Chennai, India. Although it meant substantial price for the hospital, Apollo decided to go ahead with the project due to the new-found enthusiasm for robotics in India.

From the Chandrayaan I project for sending robots to moon, to biomedical engineering and the auto industry, India has been using robotics on a wide scale. In an increasingly technology-driven country, robotics has fast assumed significance not only for industrial applications, but also in various day-to-day human activities.

Presently, robotics is the pinnacle of technical development. Though robotics in India is at a nascent stage, but industrial automation in India has opened up huge potential for robotics. Innovation coupled with consolidated research and development has catapulted India’s scientific position in robotic technology.

The country is soon to become a major hub for the production of robots. The global market for robots is projected to rise by an average of about 4%, while in India, the industry is expected to grow at a rate 2.5 times that of the global average.

In medical field, the importance of robotics has been growing. Robotics is increasingly being used in a variety of clinical and surgical settings for increasing surgical accuracy and decreasing operating time and often to create better healthcare outcomes than standard current approaches. These medical robots are used to train surgeons, assist in difficult and precise surgical procedures, and to assist patients in recovery. The automobile industry is equally dominated by robots.

There are multiple number of industrial robots functioning on fully automated production lines especially the high and efficient luxury and sports cars. The use of industrial robots has helped to increase productivity rate, efficiency and quality of distribution. Another major area where the use of robots is extensive is the packaging section. The packaging done using real robots is of very high quality as there is almost no chances of any human error. Another example where robotics is used is the electronic field. These are mainly in the mass-production with full accuracy and reliability. With these varied usages of robots Bill Gates has said

“Robots will be the Next World-Changing Technology”

Robotic has spread like an infection to an extent that so many movies and serials are also based on its theme. Some popular movies include Star Wars, Robocop, Ra one, Transformers etc. With such acclaimed popularity India too has come up with the Robotics Society of India (RSI). It is an academic society founded on 10th July, 2011, which aims at promoting Indian robotics and automation activities. The society hopes to serve as a bridge between researchers in institutes, government research centres and industry.

Short Essay on Robotics 200 Words in English

Below we have given a short essay on Robotics is for Classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. This short essay on the topic is suitable for students of class 6 and below.

India has also come up with specialised programmes in robotics field in IITs and other universities. Also, it has moved beyond the traditional areas and entered newer domains of education, rehabilitation, entertainment etc. Robotics has helped handicapped people by replacing their (damaged) limbs with artificial parts that can duplicate the natural movements.

Like a coin has two sides, robotics too has a flip side to it. The biggest barrier in the development of robots has been the high costs of its hardware such as sensors, motors etc. The customisation and updation is also an added problem.

With new advancements taking place each passing day, new product introduction is a problem for the existing users. Robots cut down labour, thereby reducing the opportunities of employment for many. In many developed countries, scientists are making robotic military force that can prove dangerous to others. As the power and capacity of computers continues to expand, revolution is being created in the field of robotics. Imagination is coupled with technology. It would not be wrong to say that in near future there will be a time when robots will become smarter than the human race.

Robotics Essay Word Meanings for Simple Understanding

• Shipwreck – the destruction or loss of a ship, the remains of a ruined ship.
• Defuse – the act of deactivating, terminating or making ineffective
• Substantial- of ample or considerable amount, significant
• Pinnacle – the highest or culminating point, as of success, power, etc
• Nascent – developing, beginning, budding
• Consolidated – united, combined
• Catapulted – to move quickly, suddenly or forcibly
• Reliability – dependability
• Domain – field, area, sphere
• Flip side – opposite side, reverse side
• Customisation – modification, alteration

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Over the course of studying in college, you will definitely need to write a bunch of College Essays on Robotics. Lucky you if linking words together and organizing them into relevant text comes naturally to you; if it's not the case, you can save the day by finding an already written Robotics College Essay example and using it as a template to follow.

This is when you will certainly find WowEssays' free samples directory extremely useful as it includes numerous skillfully written works on most various Robotics College Essays topics. Ideally, you should be able to find a piece that meets your criteria and use it as a template to compose your own College Essay. Alternatively, our skilled essay writers can deliver you an original Robotics College Essay model written from scratch according to your personal instructions.

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Artificial intelligence has facilitated the scientific desire of creating intelligent machines to equal human capabilities (Kochan 20). Emerging technologies particularly in Artificial Intelligence software have given scientists the capabilities of mimicking human reasoning and deductive abilities. While the use of this software dates back many years, the concept of Artificial intelligence and the use of robotics has generated different ethical and moral issues (Kochan 21). Other than the ethical and moral issues, it has led to increased distrust to scientists and creating a plethora of challenges to the prevailing legal structures.

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